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Our Thinning Ozone
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(Warning: This page contains several large graphics!)
Just like these lines above get thinner and thinner (if you are using Netscape), so does the ozone layer around the earth. Ozone is a naturally occuring gas whose chemical symbol is O3. This is not that much different from the oxygen that we breathe, O2. Ozone has just one more oxygen atom than the oxygen in the air. However, this one tiny difference can make a big effect on our planet. While oxygen in its O2 form is breathable, O3 is harmful to animals if inhaled. However, O3 ozone stays in a layer around the earth. Meanwhile, there is the sun doing it's job of providing light and heat. We can only see a certain range of light, from red to violet, and we see it as the colors of the rainbow. However, there is also light we can't see, outside of what our eyes can detect. Right next to red is the invisible infra-red, which is actually what heats the earth (learn more about the problem this causes in the greenhouse effect). On the other end of the rainbow, just past violet is a light called ultraviolet. We normally know this type of light as the black light, or the glow in the dark light. This light is harmful to life on earth as we know it, and can kill it if we get exposed to it too much. This is where ozone plays its part. Ozone absorbs these ultraviolet rays before it reaches the earth. When it absorbs these harmful rays, a chemical reaction occurs where the ozone is split into oxygen gas (O2) and a free oxygen atom (O). Normally, the parts immediately rejoin together to form ozone again. This is where man and his meddling around steps in. People have made a group of chemicals called ChloroFluoroCarbons, or CFCs. CFCs are found in many items we use, from the air conditioners in cars, to the refrigerators and freezers in our homes, to the hair sprays we use to keep our hair in place, and even to medicinal products such as asthma inhalers. When we use this gas, it rises into the air, and also reacts with ultraviolet light. Here is an illustration of a molecule of a CFC when it reacts with UV light:
As you can see, there is an extra chlorine atom after this reaction. This atom wreaks havoc on our ozone layer. Instead of the O2 and O hooking up after the reaction, instead the O hooks up to the chlorine atom, since the O has a stronger attraction to the chlorine than to the oxygen atom. The new compound of ClO does absolutely nothing for us; it doesn't block the harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, and allows some more to pass to the earth. Since CFCs were invented this century, more and more ozone is rendered ineffective. Here is an illustration of the whole process (courtesy Time Magazine):
This seems to happen all collect in two areas: the North and South Poles. Here is a satellite view of both poles, showing the concentration of ozone and ClO at both:
North Pole
South Pole
As you can see the ClO in the poles is rising, and the ozone levels are dropping to critically low levels. Thinning like this is already occuring over the United States. A complete hole over the U.S. or any populated area would be a complete disaster.
This diagram of the world shows the usage of CFCs in many nations of the world. As can be seen, the U.S., Europe, Japan, and the former Soviet Union were large users of CFCs. It isn't surprising then that the worst thinning of the ozone is occuring directly over these countries.
Images used on this page are Copyright © 1995 TIME Multimedia Almanac.
Back to the War on Earth
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Sunday, 24 July 2011
The keyword mnemonic
The keyword method is a memory strategy where an item is memorised in relation to a similar-sounding word. It is potentially a very useful way to remember vocabulary in a foreign language, especially for words which have no obvious similarity to their equivalent in the learner's native language.
For example, to remember that carta means letter in Spanish, the word 'cart' could be used as a keyword. An image of a letter lying in a cart is then imagined, allowing the learner to derive the meaning from the mental image (more on this technique here).
The use of such mnemonics has generated interest among teachers but is still a subject of debate among researchers - are they mere tricks which are quickly forgotten, or can they genuinely improve memory performance?
Image by Jack_Snell
Thomas and Wang (1996) argue that the imagery used in the technique results in fragile, easily-forgotten encodings.
However, Gruneberg (1998) rejects their criticism of the technique. He argues that their research prevented immediate rehearsal of items. According to his own findings where immediate rehearsal was permitted, then the keyword technique resulted in superior recall. And this is more similar to what language students will tend to do in real life.
Gruneberg, M.M. (1998). A commentary on criticism of the keyword method of learning foreign languages. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12(5), 529-532.
Thomas, M.H. and Wang, A.Y. (1996). Learning by the keyword mnemonic: looking for long-term benefits. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Applied, 2(4), 330-342.
Thursday, 21 July 2011
A typical correlation study in Psychology uses a non-experimental source (e.g. a survey) to obtain data which show numerical values on two variables (e.g. IQ and extraversion). Correlation means analysing the relationship between two such variables (which are called a study's 'co-variables').
A scattergram displays the relationship: for each participant, a point or cross is marked at the point on the graph where their scores on the co-variables meet:
The above example shows scores on two tasks. If a person scores 14 on the first task and 6 on the second task, a dot is marked where the two points meet. This is repeated for every participant, so that a pattern of dots emerges.
The line of best fit is a line drawn through this pattern to summarise the data. A computer statistics programme will produce a line of best fit - it is very difficult to do it accurately by hand. If the line is going upwards from left to right, there is a positive correlation. If it is going downwards from left to right, there is a negative correlation.
A postive or negative correlation means that the variables do have a relationship, but cause and effect cannot be assumed, i.e. just because two things seem linked, it doesn't mean that one is causeing the other to change. A classic example is that the time your alarm clock goes off is correlated with the time the sun comes up, but this doesn't mean that the sun is making your alarm clock go off, or that your alarm clock is making the sun rise!
Video clip on why correlation does not equal causation...
The strength of a correlation shows how closely linked the two variables are. If there is a strong correlation, then the two co-variables are very closely linked. The IQ of identical twins is strongly correlated. A weak correlation means that there is some relationship but not a strong one. Many things in Psychology are weakly correlated, including the number of major life stressors we experience and illness (Rahe et al., 1970). Strength is shown with a number, a correlation coefficient between 1 and 0 (or betwen -1 and 0 for a negative correlation). The further the number is from zero, the stronger the relationship.
Above all, remember that two things being correlated does not mean that there is a cause and effect relationship. The media often misunderstand correlation data, mistaking a relationship for proof of cause and effect. Often, strange relationships are shown, such as a study which found that using more abbreviations in text messages tend to be better readers (Plester et al., 2009)! More often than not, there are additional variables playing a role.
Plester, B., Wood, C. and Joshi, P. (2009). Exploring the relationship between children's knowledge of text message abbreviations and school literacy outcomes. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27 (1), 145-161.
Rahe, R.H., Mahan, J. and Arthur, R. (1970). Prediction of near-future health-changes from subjects' preceding life changes. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 14, 401-406.
Sunday, 10 July 2011
Bandura, Ross & Ross (1961)
Young children imitating aggression
Bandura and colleagues investigated imitation of aggression in pre-school children. Twenty-four children aged 3-5 were assigned to each of three conditions: one group observed aggressive adult models; a second observed inhibited non-aggressive models; while subjects in a control group had no prior exposure to the models. Half the subjects in the experimental conditions observed same-sex models and hall viewed models of the opposite sex.
Imitation of adults is a key factor in a child's developing behaviour.
Image by loomingy1
Children exposed to aggressive models reproduced a good deal of aggression resembling that of the models compared to the nonaggressive and control groups. Subjects in the aggressive condition also exhibited more aggression which was not directly imitated.
Imitation was found to be differentially influenced by the sex of the model with boys showing more aggression than girls following exposure to the male model, the difference being particularly marked on what Bandura and colleagues described as "highly masculine-typed behavior".
In discussion of the reasons behind aggression, Bandura disputes Freud's view that the aggressor identifies with a feared aggressive role-model in order to allay anxiety. In his work with adolescents (Bandura & Walters, 1959) it was found that parents of aggressive teenagers were fiecely punitive of aggression towards themselves, but encouraged aggression towards outsiders. Bandura suggests that anger is therefore simply displaced towards less threatening situations, however suggests that more research is needed in this area.
Bandura, A.. Ross, D. and Ross, S.A. (1961) Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582.
Saturday, 9 July 2011
Great illusion
I love illusions - and they are also a great example of how our underlying expectations and assumptions (often unconscious ones) affect how we perceive the world. This is one of my favourites - when people see it for the first time, they usually can't quite believe it:
It's a variation on the well-known 'chessboard in shadow' illusion - and shows the effect works in colour too. The 'yellow' square in the middle of the front face and the 'brown' one in the middle of the top face are the same colour. They are. They really are!
In some ways, examples of how our visual perception can be misled are simple enough to get your head around. Perhaps it makes you wonder, though, how many of your other perceptions are distorted. Can you think of an argument, for example, when you and another were both convinced that you remembered something correctly, even though you disagreed?
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Spanish Verb Conjugator - agraviarse
Spanish Verb Conjugation
Spanish Verb: agraviarse
English Translation:
libels, offends, scathes, slights
We're sorry, but this verb has not been conjugated yet.
Popular Phrase: english sentence | Conjugated Verb: alebrestar - to startle [ click for full conjugation ]
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The Wanderer Test | Mid-Book Test - Hard
Purchase our The Wanderer Lesson Plans
Mid-Book Test - Hard
Name: _____________________________ Period: ___________________________
Short Answer Questions
1. Why did some people object to the narrator sailing?
2. How many brothers and sisters does Frank's father have?
3. Who is Sophie going to visit on the other side of the ocean?
4. What does Cody call the two girls he sees walking down the beach toward him?
5. How long has Sophie been living with her adopted parents?
Short Essay Questions
1. When everyone is up on deck in the midst of the storm, and Sophie sees them from the helm, what does she see?
2. How do the dolphins act when they come up to the boat?
3. How does Sophie describe life on the boat in the turbulent water?
4. When the travelers arrive in Ireland, who are they able to reach by phone?
5. How does Sophie feel about the ham radio?
6. What chore will Sophie have to take a turn at that she's not looking forward to?
7. In Sophie's story about Bompie and his father, why does Bompie visit his father?
8. How does Sophie describe the color of the sea?
9. As Dock tells his story of the little girl, what does Cody realize about Sophie's stories?
10. How did Uncle Dock get his nickname?
Essay Topics
Discuss careers in the novel.
1) How do the characters define themselves by their careers? How have Mo and Stew's careers changed them?
2) How does Sophie define herself by what she will be in the future? Why does she imagine different types of lives?
3) How do Sophie, Brian, and Cody view careers differently from each other?
Compare Cody and Brian as characters, and Mo and Stew as similar characters from the previous generation.
1) How are Cody and Mo similar? How are Brian and Stew similar? Is each generation a continuation of the past?
2) Why are Cody and Brian often at odds, just like Mo and Stew? What does this show about the family dynamic?
3) Why does the author choose family members with clear differences to include in the story?
The sea and The Wanderer are the main settings of this novel. Discuss setting and its importance in the novel.
1) Why is the sea the main setting of the novel? In what ways is the sea personified in the novel? What does Sophie expect from it? How does she respond to it?
2) How does The Wanderer function as a setting of the novel? What does the boat contribute to the novel? Why does the author set the novel on this boat?
3) How does setting affect the beginning and end of the journey, when the characters are in Kentucky, Grand Manan, Ireland, England, and elsewhere? How are these settings different from the sea and The Wanderer?
(see the answer keys)
This section contains 842 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)
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zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
a & b logic and
a | b logic or
!ab logic not
abc* right wildcard
"ab c" phrase
(ab c) parentheses
any anywhere an internal document identifier
au author, editor ai internal author identifier
ti title la language
so source ab review, abstract
py publication year rv reviewer
cc MSC code ut uncontrolled term
Effects of contrarian investor type in asset price dynamics. (English) Zbl 1175.91074
Summary: We develop an asset pricing model based on the interaction of heterogeneous trading groups. In addition to the two main trader groups, fundamentalists and trend-chasing chartists, we include a third significant group known as contrarian chartists. We model the case of opportunistic contrarian behavior, where the contrarian group disagrees with the trend-chasing chartists only when the return differential is high. We also consider absolute contrarian behavior, in which the contrarians consistently disagree with trend-chasers. The models are nonlinear planar maps, exhibiting period doubling, Neimark-Sacker and global bifurcations leading to local chaotic behavior. Absolute contrarian behavior is found to have a moderating effect on price change, while opportunistic contrarian behavior is found to further complicate the price cycles present in other models.
91B25Asset pricing models
37E30Homeomorphisms and diffeomorphisms of planes and surfaces
37D45Strange attractors, chaotic dynamics
37G10Bifurcations of singular points
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Cartilage and Bones
General things about cartilage
Cartilage is about 60-80% water. Imagine you have a container of cartilage from others animals: it would be very squishy and it tends to be resilient with holding its shape. There are no blood vessels or nerves, similar to epithelial tissue. (I thought epithelial tissue was innervated though? i need to double check this)
Cartilage is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue known as the perichondrium (peri=around, chondra=cartilage). This is what keeps a “ball” of cartilage from bursting.
Cartilage is made of chondrocytes (created from chondroblasts) that are isolated in spaces/chambers called lacunae through a ground substance of water and sugar.
Cartilage is located in very specific places, usually between two bones.
We have 3 types of cartilage tissue:
1. Hyaline cartilage is made of collagen and has a distinctive glassy appearance. It is found inside of joints and inside the respiratory system. A baby is full of this before the bones are totally formed.
2. Elastic cartilage made of, you guessed it, elastic fibers. They can bend and snap back, like your outer ear, larynx, and epiglottis.
3. Fibrocartilage is made of collagen and is in between vertebrae. Fibrocartilage is something between Hyaline and Dense regular connective tissue because it resists pulling and has strong compression attributes. Anulus fibrosus are the ones in between vertebrae. Menisci are the fibrocartilage specifically in the knee.
The darker spots are the elastic fibers
We have two types of growth:
Appositional growth = Chondroblasts blast tons of matrix in the outer perichondrium.
Interstitial growth = Chondrocytes secrete matrix/maintain/divide from the inside of the structure.
Cartilage stops growing for ladies up to their teens and men up to their late teens.
In adulthood, when cartilage gets damaged, it can only be replaced with fibrocartilage.
Now, moving onto BONES
We know bones obviously provide support, movement and protection. They also store calcium and phosphate and blood cells are formed in the marrow. Bones also play a role in energy metabolism: osteoblasts secrete a hormone called osteocalcin which is what triggers the pancreas to secrete insulin.
1/3 are organic: cells, fibers (mostly collagen) and matrix
2/3 are inorganic: mineral salts (calcium phosphate) which make the bone hard and what preserve it long after the animal dies.
Bone cells
Osteogenic cells are stem cells that become osteoblasts.
Osteoblasts lay out a lot of bone matrix called osteoid.
Osteoblasts that don’t produce matrix anymore but simply maintain it are called osteocytes.
Osteoclast (anything with -clast means something that eats away) comes from white blood cells. They have multiple nuclei and secrete HCl acid to break down mineral salts and secrete lysosomes. Basically, everything needed to break down organic parts of your bone.
It’s totally normal to constantly break down and rebuild bone in response to stress (impact). And this is called remodeling. When you add pressure in the form of exercise it adds more than it takes away.
Any bone that can’t be classified easily would be an irregular bone.
Gross Anatomy of Bones
Compact bone = outside.
The inside is spongy (trabecular) bone and has lots of empty space.
The medullary cavity = hollow space filled with yellow marrow. The yellow bone marrow is mostly fat.
Epiphysis = Proximal or distal end
Diaphysis is the long part of a bone.
Periosteum (peri = around… osteum=bone) is the dense irregular connective tissue around the bone. Endosteum covers the inside, the spongy part and is loose areolar CT.
Pink = Compression, Blue = stretch/decompression. This is a femur for example and the weight is normally placed on that right side. but u see that protrusion on the top LEFT side? that’s the bones reacting to the pressure from the right side, to balance it out.
Bone stress is a thing to notice about all bones. Each one has a distinct shape from the stresses put on them.
There’s another bump on a bone when a muscle is connected to a bone. So remodeling occurs when you lift weights as well.
Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone
The Osteon or Haversian system are kind of like tree trunks. They are made of these stuctures that line up parallel with concentric rings. The lamellae are basically the rings.
An osteon is made up of lamellae made of collagen. The collagen fibers are all parallel to each other but when you go to the adjacent layer, it is running in the opposite angle so that it’s strong and prevents cracks.
Calcium phosphate lines these fibers (it’s a mineral salt). So we take a bunch of osteons and pack them together and we get compact bone.
As each osteocyte lays matrix, it gets sealed into its own room and they reach out to the next osteocyte and communicate by gap junctions called lacunae even though they are very isolated.
Canaliculi are the small passageways that reach out to other parts.
Spongy bone keeps bone light and doesn’t have a circular shape but it is made of the same stuff.
How bones get longer in children
The epiphyseal plate at the end of a long bone allows a child to grow. Between the diaphysis and epiphysis, cartilage will be present instead of compact bone.
Just like the epidermis, this is a PROCESS, not a static picture.
In a growing cartilage:
1. Proliferation zone: Chondroblasts push matrix into the bone and push epiphysis away from the diaphysis, making the bone longer.
2. Hypertrophic zone = calcification of cartilage
3. Calcification zone = not bone yet but the cells are dying.
4. Ossification zone = Osteoclasts destroy the calcified cartilage and osteoblasts replace them with real bone tissue.
As you reach adolescence, the chondrocytes divide less often, the epiphyseal plate becomes thinner and the cartilage eventually gets completely replaced by bone tissue. All growth stops when the diaphysis and epiphysis fuse and all that’s remained is the epiphyseal line.
Estrogen and testosterone trigger the start of bone growth. Growth hormone stimulates the growth of the epiphyseal plate while the thyroid hormone makes sure the skeleton retains proper proportions. Estrogen and testosterone later trigger the closure of the epiphyseal plate when growing is done.
Use this Table of Contents to go to the next article
Painting by Michael Reedy
The Basics. Start here. This is your Foundation.
The Autonomic Nervous System
Specialized Systems
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Chocolate honey pecan slice
( SERVES 4 )
Chocolate honey pecan slice
NZ Woman's Weekly 6/8/2006
Ratings: No ratings yet
1. Heat oven to 180 degC. Line the base and sides of a 17cm x 27cm slice tin with nonstick baking paper, leaving an overhang on all sides.
2. Combine butter, brown sugar and salt in a bowl and beat with an electric mixer until pale and creamy. Stir in flour to form a stiff dough. Press mixture into base of prepared tin. Bake for 25 minutes or until golden brown.
3. Meanwhile, in the same bowl, combine eggs, honey, sugar and melted butter and mix well. Add chocolate bits and nuts and pour mixture over prepared base.
4. Bake for 25 to 30 minutes or until lightly caramelised and set. Cool in the tin before cutting into squares or bars
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Changes: Land of Bears
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[[Category:Countries|Bears, Land of]]
[[Category:Countries|Bears, Land of]]
[[Country Status::Minor| ]]
[[es:País de los Osos]]
[[es:País de los Osos]]
Latest revision as of 17:06, June 29, 2013
The Land of Bears (熊の国, Kuma no Kuni) is introduced in the anime, being a heavily forested country. Its ninja village, Hoshigakure, is located in the middle of the country surrounded by a canyon filled with poisonous gas that the locals call the Devil's Ravine (the Valley of Death, in the English anime). The canyon serves as a natural barrier to prevent raids on the village. A meteorite crashed near the site of the village 200 years before the start of the series.
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Psychology Wiki
Inferior olivary nucleus
34,075pages on
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Brain: Inferior olivary nucleus
The medulla, showing the olivary bodies lying adjacent to the pyramids.
Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive.
Latin oliva
Gray's subject #187 781
Part of
BrainInfo/UW -
MeSH A08.
In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei.
External anatomyEdit
The olivary body is located on the anterior surface of the medulla lateral to the pyramid, from which it is separated by the antero-lateral sulcus and the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve.
It measures about 1.25 cm. in length, and between its upper end and the pons there is a slight depression to which the roots of the facial nerve are attached.
The external arcuate fibers wind across the lower part of the pyramid and olive and enter the inferior peduncle.
Olivary nucleiEdit
The olivary nuclei consist of the inferior olivary nucleus, the dorsal and medial accessory olivary nuclei, and the superior olivary nucleus.
Inferior olivary nucleusEdit
The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest, and is situated within the olive.
It consists of a gray folded lamina arranged in the form of an incomplete capsule, opening medially by an aperture called the hilum.
Emerging from the hilum are numerous fibers which collectively constitute the peduncle of the olive. The axons, also known as olivocerebellar fibers, leave the olivary nucleus, exit through the hilum, and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphé.
Then, as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise.
The fibers are smaller than the internal arcuate fibers connected with the median lemniscus. Fibers passing in the opposite direction from the cerebellum to the olivary nucleus are often described but their existence is doubtful.
Much uncertainty also exists in regard to the connections of the olive and the spinal cord.
Important connections between the cerebrum and the olive of the same side exist but the exact pathway is unknown.
Many collaterals from the reticular formation and from the pyramids enter the inferior olivary nucleus.
Removal of one cerebellar hemisphere is followed by atrophy of the opposite olivary nucleus.
Accessory olivary nucleiEdit
The medial accessory olivary nucleus lies between the inferior olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally. The fibers of the hypoglossal nerve, as they traverse the medulla, pass between the medial accessory and the inferior olivary nuclei.
The dorsal accessory olivary nucleus is the smallest, and appears on transverse section as a curved lamina behind the inferior olivary nucleus.
Superior olivary nucleusEdit
The superior olivary nucleus is considered part of the pons, and is therefore discussed in a separate article.
External linksEdit
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iPlayer Radio What's New?
Image for Sleepless Night
Sorry, this episode is not currently available on BBC iPlayer Radio
Last on
Mon 23 Sep 2013 23:30 BBC Radio 4
28 minutes
First broadcast:
Monday 11 February 2013
What keeps you awake at night? Money worries? Your conscience? Traffic? Dogs barking? Or the shrill sound of a stressed robin forced to sing at night to find a mate?
This composed feature by Nina Perry explores the problem of sleeplessness and the crucial relationship between sound and sleep, all set within a soundscape of noises heard during a sleepless night interwoven with specially composed music.
Tinnitus sufferer Helen takes us on a journey through a sleepless night of thought and sounds of ticking clocks, snoring, a restless child, mysterious footsteps and a neighbour's late night party. How are these sounds perceived in a state of sleeplessness? How do we respond to sound emotionally, physiologically and hormonally. Are the sounds of the night changing? Are silent nights a thing of the past?
Answering these questions and elucidating the relationship between sound and sleep are: Professor of Acoustics and Dynamics Andy Moorhouse and Senior Lecturer in Acoustics Bill Davies, from Salford University; David Baguley, Head of Audiology at Cambridge University Hospitals, who discusses sound perception, the meaning of sound and the reaction to sound as elements within Tinnitus treatment; Dr Ken Hume, a sleep researcher specializing in sound and sleep, discussing the physiology and psychology of sleep and sound disturbance; and Rupert Marshall, Lecturer in Animal Behaviour at Aberystwyth University, describing how urban wildlife is changing its behaviour to cope with modern life (for example, robins nesting in urban areas who struggle to be heard during the day are more likely to sing at night than their country cousins).
Producer: Nina Perry
A White Pebble Media production for BBC Radio 4.
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Our philosophy precedes from the belief that sport is an inalienable part of the educational process and a factor for promoting peace, friendship, cooperation and understanding among peoples.
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Home Learn English Teach English MyEnglishClub
English Club : Learn English : ESL Quizzes : Vocabulary Quizzes : True or False Quiz
True or False Quiz
Are the following statements True (correct) or False (wrong)?
1A RIVER is bigger than a STREAM.
2There are one thousand years in a CENTURY.
3FOUNDED is the past tense of FOUND.
4ANSWER can be used as a noun and a verb.
5SCARLET is a brilliant red colour.
6USED TO DOING and USED TO DO mean the same thing.
7You can use IMPROVE as a noun and as a verb.
8DOZEN is equivalent to 20.
9The past tense of FIND is FOUND.
10EQUIVALENT TO is (more or less) the same as EQUAL TO.
Your score is:
The correct answers are:
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WMTV - Sports - Headlines
Randolph Remains Unbeaten, Beating C-F 38-8
Randolph continues to make waves in the Small Trailways Conference as they hammer Cambria-Friesland 38-8.
Randolph led 24-0 in the third quarter until Jay Peters hit A.J. Alexander for a 15-yard score to make it 30-0. The Vikings scored late but the Rockets added another touchdown to win and improve their overall record to 4-0.
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• n. The slowing down of atoms or molecules by the use of a laser whose frequency has been adjusted to remove momentum from the particles.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
• n. the process of using the force exerted by a laser to reduce the temperature of a gas, or the spread of velocities of a beam of atoms
Sorry, no etymologies found.
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Memory Alpha
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A group of Troglytes capture Captain Kirk and Commander Spock.
The Troglytes were the zenite miners of the planet Ardana and were the lower social class of Ardanans. Their name comes from an abbreviation of an ancient Earth term, troglodyte, translating as "cave dweller". Some Troglytes, known as retainers, served as sentinels and servants to the city-dwellers of Stratos. A rebel group of Troglytes, known as the Disrupters, led a dissident movement against the city-dwellers in their quest for equality.
The Troglytes had long unkempt hair and wore special shields that could be related to their harsh work environment in the mines. They lived on the planet's surface and prior to 2269, were inebriated due to the odorless zenite gas emanated in its raw form.
Although they were slow to believe the idea that a problem with the gas existed, they eventually agreed to take a supply of filter masks to counter it. With the problem solved, the Trogyltes vowed to strive with even more vigor and effectiveness in securing their rights. (TOS: "The Cloud Minders")
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There are different types of medical malpractice, but to bring a malpractice suit there are some commonalities that a patient should be able to show. These include the existence of a professional relationship, negligence on the part of the medical professional, and physical and/or emotional damages.
The Legal Guides in this section introduce the basic types of malpractice claims, how to know if you have grounds for a lawsuit, and provide a general introduction to malpractice law.
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I rarely get recognised. It's always a shock when someone notices me. I always think they must be confusing me with someone else.
Anna Kendrick
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Reply to a comment
Reply to this comment
myturn writes:
in response to hmorgan#4112:
In a pig’s eye.
It's only a non-scandal because it involves a Democrat. Perverts are only demonized if they have an "R" behind their name.
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Martial Arts Ann Arbor - Japanese Martial Arts Center
Martial Arts Ann Arbor - Japanese Martial Arts Center
Martial Artists as Shapeshifters
In terms of the body, the martial arts are a collection of postural forms designed to express physical energy in an intelligent way. This expression of energy can be utilized for many practical purposes, such as striking a target, throwing an opponent, or evading an attack.
The martial forms themselves are nothing more than shapes, and these shapes can be regarded as tools. The ability to shape one's body into the appropriate tool at the appropriate time is the physical objective of the martial arts.
In order to accomplish this, it is important to possess both a geometrical understanding of the body, and a spacial understanding of the area the body can potentially occupy.
To understand the body geometrically, one should first be aware of the physical center point where the body's mass and balance naturally settles. This point is known as tantien in the Chinese arts, and hara in the Japanese arts. Awareness of this point is necessary because it is the origin of the shape the body assumes. The body itself can be envisioned as a vertical line that originates at the body's physical center. When standing at rest, this line runs up the spine through the headtop, and down the tailbone to the ground.
To understand the potential space the body can occupy, one should first envision a sphere whose radius originates at the body's origin, its physical center.
If circumstances demand occupation outside this sphere, then the origin of the sphere must be repositioned to accommodate. Now, the line that represents the body can bow or hinge to shape new tools within the sphere. However, to maintain structural integrity and unification, there are two requirements that must be maintained: The first is that one's shape must either move from its origin or around around its origin; the second is that every point on the line that represents the body must be contiguously connected to the origin. If either of these requirements falter, then the form suffers disorganization, and effectiveness of the body as a tool diminishes.
- By Daniel Holland, Instructor at JMAC, sandan iaido, nidan judo, nidan jujutsu
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Home | Work & Business | Science & Technology | Respiration | Cellular Respiration Production of Oxygen
Cellular Respiration Production of Oxygen
by Contributing Writer
• Overview
The process of cellular respiration uses oxygen to break down sugars (stored energy) and gives off carbon dioxide as a byproduct. On the opposite side, photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide to store energy from the sun as glucose, giving off oxygen as byproduct.
• Mitochondria
There are between 1,000 and 2,000 mitochondria per cell in animals (including humans), providing energy for necessary functions by making adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration.
• Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration converts energy stored in glucose (sugars) into the ATP needed to power cells by using oxygen to break down the sugars, giving off water and carbon dioxide as byproducts.
• Photosynthesis
The process of photosynthesis is cellular respiration in reverse---the conversion of solar energy into glucose through the use of carbon dioxide, giving off oxygen as a byproduct. Photosynthesis occurs in all plants containing chloroplasts.
• Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is a pigment located in chloroplasts that absorbs light from the sun, converting it from solar energy into the chemical energy that is used by mitochondria in both plants and animals to power cell processes.
• Formulae
The formula for cellular respiration is written as C6H12O6 +6 O2 +6H2O ' 6CO2+12 H2O + energy. The formula for photosynthesis is written as 6CO2+12 H2O + energy ' C6H12O6 +6 O2 +6H2O. Both processes are vital to life on our planet, and are mirror images of each other.
References & Resources
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Subscribe Feedback English
look up any word, like selfie:
5. Birds and the bees
Birds and the bees videos
1. birds and the bees
Explaining to children about sex.
girl: Daddy, how are babies made?
Father: Daddy plants a seed in mummys' tummy
girl: Does she swallow the seed?
father: Only if she wants a new dress
small boy: What is a masturbation?
teacher: That's a mouthfull for someone of your age
small boy: No, a mouthfulls a blow job.
by kung-fu jesus September 10, 2004 add a video add an image
2. birds and the bees
let me tell you 'bout the birds and the bees
3. Birds and the bees
1)The talk that a parent (usually a mother) gives her daughter/son on the night of their first date, containing safe sex, or abstinence. The whole point of the 'birds and bees' is to convince you NOT to have sex.
2)The most annoying talk in the world.
1) Mom- Honey, we need to talk.
Daughter- Mom, I DON'T want the 'birds and the bees' talk.
Mom- But you need to know not to have sex. You could get pregnant and die!
Daughter- We're JUST going to a friend's house for a small get-together.
Mom- Are there going to be a lot of boys there?
Daughter- No Mom, it's a nun club.
4. birds and the bees
Typical parents' attempt to describe sex to their kids
OK, son, it's time to talk about the birds and the bees...
by Evil Tim October 13, 2003 add a video add an image
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%0 - DATA %A - Noam Ross %A - Kelly Gravuer %A - Jaime Ashander %A - Megan Kelso %A - Mary E Mendoza %8 - 2012/05/10 %T - Trade-Offs and Synergies in Floodplain Management - A Historical-Ecological Approach %U - http://figshare.com/articles/Trade-Offs_and_Synergies_in_Floodplain_Management_-_A_Historical-Ecological_Approach/92041 %1 - http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.92041 %2 - http://files.figshare.com/91262/UC_Davis_REACH___Floodplains.mov %K - video %X -
This video introduces our project, "Trade-Offs and Synergies in Floodplain Management - A Historical-Ecological Approach"
Floodplains have long been favored sites for agriculture and settlement due to their fertility, flat topography, and proximity to rivers for easy transport of goods. To reduce flood risk attendant with flood plain settlement, extensive flood protection structures have been built, including elaborate networks of levees. These modifications have greatly reduced the ecological benefits that intact river-flood plain systems provide. There is increasing recognition that flood plain reconnection can restore some ecological benefits while further reducing flood risk. However, few of these promising multi-purpose projects have been implemented because we lack both practical methodologies for estimating benefits and an understanding of historical conditions likely to facilitate project success.
Here, we use both historical and biophysical approaches to examine the trade-offs and synergies among the benefits of a proposed flood plain reconnection project in California. We examine the social evolution of attitudes and views that shaped floodplain management decisions, and that led to moments of conflict and cooperation among actors with varied interests. We also use hydraulic and population modeling to predict the effect of flood plain reconnection on key ecological benefits, flood risk, and availability of land for agriculture. In combination, these approaches provide a novel view on how social and biological forces constrain and provide opportunities in floodplain management. This understanding could support effective implementation of multi-purpose projects.
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Vertebrates Made by Anna
home link
What are habitats link
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Vertebrates or Chordates:
Chordates bodies are supported by a stiff rod which is called a notochord.
Are cold-blooded, soft-skinned animals which live on land and in water examples of these are toads, frogs and newts.
Birds are warm-blooded, egg-laying animals which have wings and feathers, but not all birds can fly, there are so many types of birds that you could find in a field it would take a very long time and a massive website to cover them.
Fish are animals that live in water. They have scales and fins to swim with and have gills to breathe with - you won't find any of these in a field.
Mammals are warm-blooded creatures. They suckle their young animals with milk. The following are types of mammals:
All types of dog and dog-like mammals. Such as wolves, German Shepherd - these don't occur naturally in our fields.
All types of cats and cat-like mammals. Such as tigers, tabby cat - these don't occur naturally in our fields.…
Primates are monkeys or apes which have hands and feet which grip. They are the closest relative to the human - we are the only example likely to be in a school field.
Rodents are mammals with long front teeth which are good for gnawing, like mice and moles.
All types of foxes.
They are scaly, cold-blooded creatures which lay eggs on land. Examples of reptiles include Grass Snake, Adders and Smooth Snakes.
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Latest News
US Airways Plane Diverted Due To Cabin Odor
US Airways
Check Out
BOSTON, MA (CBS)– A US Airways plane that originated in Philadelphia was forced to made an rescheduled landing at Logan International Airport in Boston due to a foul cabin odor.
The plane was enroute to Zurich, Switzerland with 192 passengers and 10 crew members on board.
According to officials, four crew members and some passengers reported feeling ill and the plane was forced down.
US Airways says they will send another plane to transport passengers to their destination.
No emergency was declared at this time.
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The Common Language Infrastructure Annotated Standard
by James S. Miller, Susann Ragsdale
ISBN 0321154932 / 9780321154934 / 0-321-15493-2
Publisher Addison-Wesley Professional
Language English
Edition Softcover
Find This Book
Find signed collectible books: 'The Common Language Infrastructure Annotated Standard'
Book summary
The beating heart of the .NET Framework is the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which manages the loading and execution of all code running on the platform, provides key enabling services such as JIT compilation, garbage collection, exception management, the security model, debugging and profiles support, native platform integration and much, much more. The CLR is an implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), an international standard ratified by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA), and is the first and most significant implementation of the CLI. This book specifies how the system goes together, and is indispensible for anyone who wants to understand the CLI or CLR. The many annotations explain and expand on the original standard, clarifying it and connecting the dots to make the system understandable. These annotations are direct from the ECMA CLI team and the Microsoft CLR team, and are available nowhere else. There is truly no competition out - or expected - for this book. [via]
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Peru agreement a windfall for biodiversity conservation
When fighting to save Earth's vanishing biodiversity, sometimes it's more prudent to forgive and move forward. An unprecedented agreement forgiving millions of dollars of Peruvian debt in return for investments in conservation does just that.
In June 2002, CI, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) joined forces with the United States and Peru to support a debt-for-nature swap that will help protect more than 27.5 million acres of Peruvian rainforest--an area the size of Virginia. A debt-for-nature swap reduces a government's foreign debt burden in exchange for its commitment to spend a certain amount of its national currency on conservation work.
Under the agreement, CI, WWF and TNC each committed approximately $370,000 and the U.S. government allocated $5.5 million to cancel a portion of Peru's debt to the United States.
As a result, Peru will save about $14 million in debt payments over the next 16 years. In return, Peru will provide its national currency equivalent of approximately $10.6 million toward conservation efforts in 10 tropical forests over the next 12 years. This money will support such activities as the establishment of parks and reserves, scientific and managerial training programs and the restoration of diverse animal and plant species.
Located in the Tropical Andes hotspot, Peru's forests are among the most biologically diverse on Earth and home to rare species such as pink dolphins, scarlet macaws and walking palms. They shelter roughly 20,000 species of vascular plants and provide habitat for nearly 1,800 bird species. These lush rainforests are under threat from logging, conversion of forest land to agriculture, mining and oil and gas exploration.
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Features & Media
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Growing by Design
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The Museum of Modern Art in New York has staged an ambitious new exhibition titled The Century of the Child: Growing by Design (1900-2000). The exhibition is a survey of the impact of design upon children throughout the 20th century.
The year 2008 marked the first time in history that more than half of the world’s population lived in cities and towns rather than in the rural countryside. Though this incredible population shift passed us by with little remark, the design world has worked for years to adapt to our new urban environment, particularly with regards to the impact on children. The urbanization and industrialization of the 20th century wrought incredible change on society, both positive and negative; mass production, World War I, World War II, the boom years, the Cold War. Through it all, society began thinking about its children through design.
In 1900 Swedish design reformer and social theorist Ellen Key wrote her seminal treatise called Century of the Child, in which she predicted the change to come. The previous century had not been kind to children; industrialization in England, for example, exploited poor children as a cheap source of labor. Governments lacked even the most basic social security net for their youngest and most vulnerable. Goods and services virtually ignored the existence of children. Parents raised children to be neither seen nor heard.
At the turn of the 20th century, things began to change. New Art, an amalgam of the Arts and Crafts movement and Art Nouveau, merged with the Kindergarten movement to mandate a prescribed number of years wherein children could draw, dream, and learn, protected by law from demand for cheap labor. Designers encouraged this movement early on by creating spaces for children to play, such as Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s design for a toy cupboard pictured below.
The horrors of World War I, with its mechanized and systematized traumas, drove designers to contemplate how to save society from another such breakdown. Children, the “citizens of the future”, were seen as the answer. Creative environments were conceived in an effort to allow children to retain the innocence which designers hoped would better society. Toys, playgrounds and children’s books abounded, and mass production meant more children were afforded access to such designs, including the Skippy-Racer, pictured below.
Unfortunately, these hopeful ambitions for children to save the world were not enough to stave off the explosion of socio-political tensions which led to the outbreak of World War II. Suddenly, designers were being drafted to create military uniforms and propaganda showing children as the troops of the future. Even board games were designed to incorporate political messages and notions of victorious war. The game Gioco delle 3 oche pictured below was given to children in wartime Italy; it depicts enemies as silly geese ready for slaughter.
It was not until the dust had settled after World War II that designers revisited the possibility of design as an agent of change and political transcendence. Designers, manufacturers, educators and child psychologists created international coalitions to develop “good toys”. Safe, nonviolent toys re-imagined the place of children in post-war cities around the world. As schools went up all over the world, designers like Jean Prouvé responded with practical but elegant designs, such as the school desk pictured below.
As children’s spaces like schools and playgrounds grew to represent larger parts in the design of cities, the space of children in the commercial market grew as well. Major manufacturers grasped the significance of the untapped market represented by children, and began designing and marketing goods specifically for children. The tin toy Ford cars pictured below engendered lucrative feelings of brand loyalty. Retail consultant Paco Underhill remarked on the phenomenon, saying; “You no longer need to stay clear of the global marketplace just because you’re three-and-a-half feet tall, have no income to speak of and are not permitted to cross the street without Mom. You’re an economic force, now and in the future, and that’s what counts.”
Children now control a significant interest in the markets and design of prosperous cities. However, as we move forward we must embrace the capacity of design to help children where inequalities persist. Though there remains much work ahead, the designer Sugata Mitra has demonstrated how simple designs can effect change. Mitra’s Hole-in-the-Wall Learning Stations provide children in urban slums and rural locations with computer access through simple outdoor designs encasing PCs in durable materials. Children gather at these stations, taking turns playing and learning valuable skills to enrich their potential. We cannot predict the future, but we can try our best to design it.
Century of the Child: Growing by Design (1900-2000) will be on display at the MoMA until November 5. For more information, visit www.moma.org.
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en Where International Standard Units Come From, Part Five: The Controversial Kilogram <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><div class="media media-element-container media-default" style="width: 525px;"><img alt="" class="" data-image_style="article_image_large" typeof="foaf:Image" src="" /><div class="field field-name-field-file-title field-type-text field-label-hidden"> Danish National Kilogram Prototype </div> <div class="field field-name-field-file-caption field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-file-credit field-type-text field-label-hidden"> Photo courtesy of the Danish National Metrology Institute </div> </div><p><i>This week, Sam Kean takes a look at some <a href="">ridiculously precise standards</a> -- the meter, the second, and other international standard units -- and the role that elements have played in defining, redefining, and re-redefining them over the ages.</i></p> <p>The kilogram really sticks in the craw of metrologists. Six of the seven fundamental units of the metric system have "operational" definitions—you can define them purely in words, by describing a physical process that produces something of exactly one meter, or whatever. But the kilogram has resisted all attempts to define it that way. </p> <!--break--><p> It's like a feeling everyone knows and shares but cannot quite articulate. Instead, the kilogram is the last metric standard still bound to a human artifact.</p> <p>That artifact is the Kilogram—a two-inch-wide, 90-percent platinum, 10-percent iridium cylinder in Paris. By fiat, it has a mass of exactly 1.000000... kilogram, and it lives a rather pampered existence. Because the Kilogram is a physical object and therefore damageable, and because the definition of a kilogram ought to stay constant, the scientists that care for it must make sure it never gets scratched, never attracts a speck of dust, never loses (they hope!) a single atom. For if any of that happened, its mass could spike to 1.000000...1 kilograms or plummet to 0.999999...9 kilograms, and the mere possibility induces ulcers in a metrologist.</p> <p>So like phobic mothers, scientists constantly monitor the Kilogram's temperature and the pressure around it to prevent microscopic bloating and contracting, stress that could slough off atoms. It's also swaddled within three successively smaller bell jars to prevent humidity from condensing on the surface and leaving a nanoscale film. And the Kilogram is made from dense platinum and iridium to minimize the surface area exposed to unacceptably dirty air, like the kind we breathe. Platinum also conducts electricity well, which cuts down on the buildup of "parasitic" static electricity (the scientists' word) that might zap stray atoms.</p> <p>Other countries have their own official 1.000000... kg cylinder, so they don't have to fly to Paris every time they want to measure something precisely. But since the Kilogram is the only standard, each country's knockoff has to be compared against it periodically. The United States has had its official kilogram, called K20 (the twentieth official copy), which resides in a government building in exurban Maryland, calibrated just once since 2000, and it's due for another calibration, says Zeina Jabbour, group leader for the NIST mass and force team. But calibration is a multimonth process, and security regulations since 2001 have made flying K20 to Paris a hassle. "We have to hand-carry the kilograms through the flight," Jabbour explains, "and it's hard to get through security and customs with a slug of metal, and tell people they cannot touch it." Even opening K20's customized suitcase in a "dusty airport" could compromise it, she says, "and if somebody insists on touching it, that's the end of the calibration."</p> <p>Usually, the BIPM uses one of six official copies of the Kilogram (kept under two bell jars only) to calibrate the knockoffs. But the official copies have to be measured against their own standard, so every few years scientists remove the Kilogram from its vault (using tongs and wearing latex gloves, of course, so as not to leave smudges—but not the powdery kind of gloves, because that would leave a residue—oh, and not holding it for too long, because the person's body temperature could heat it up and ruin everything) and calibrate the calibrators.</p> <p>Alarmingly, though, scientists noticed during calibrations in the 1990s that, even accounting for atoms that rub off when people touch it, in the past few decades the Kilogram had lost an additional mass equal to that of a fingerprint, half a microgram per year. No one knows why.</p> <p>This failure to keep the Kilogram constant has renewed interest in an operational definition for the kilogram. Some options, like counting atoms, have so far been too impossibly involved to succeed. But in recent weeks, German scientists <a href="">announced</a> that they counted an impressively high fraction of the number of atoms in a sphere of pure silicon, and think they can do even better. (The team did so by measuring the sphere's volume very precisely with lasers, then calculating the volume of individual atoms.). Another promising idea is using a Watt balance, which would measure how much electricity it takes to suspend something with a mass of 1.000... kilogram in the air.</p> <p>If the either scheme succeeds, the kilogram will have gained immortality at last, and can join the pantheon of other ethereal standards of measurement. The happiest dream of every scientist who obsesses over that mollycoddled cylinder in Paris—making it obsolete—will have finally come true.</p> <p><i>Sam Kean is the author of <a href="">The Disappearing Spoon</a>—a collection of funny and peculiar stories hidden throughout the periodic table.</i> </p> </div></div></div> Fri, 05 Nov 2010 19:58:54 +0000 Paul Adams 124292 at
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Namaqua chameleon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Namaqua Chameleon)
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Namaqua chameleon
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Sauria
Family: Chamaeleonidae
Genus: Chamaeleo
Species: C. namaquensis
Binomial name
Chamaeleo namaquensis
Smith, 1831
The Namaqua chameleon (Chamaeleo namaquensis) is a ground living lizard found in the Namib Desert of Namibia and southern Angola.
Survival techniques[edit]
The Namaqua chameleon has evolved several adaptations to cope with desert conditions; they excrete salt from nasal glands to conserve water, and dig holes to aid in thermoregulation. They also use their ability to change colour to aid in controlling temperature, becoming black in the cooler morning to absorb heat more efficiently, then a lighter grey color to reflect light during the heat of the day - or showing both colours at the same time, neatly separated left from right by the spine.
Interspecific relationships[edit]
Unlike the arboreal chameleons of the genus Chamaeleo, its tail is not prehensile, but otherwise it still hunts in the same way, slowly stalking its prey and catching it with its long tongue. Namaqua chameleons feed on insects (particularly beetles), crickets, lizards, including young chameleons of their own species, small snakes, and even scorpions, hunting them in both sandy dunes and rocky areas.
Namaqua chameleon in the Namib Desert
In turn, Namaqua chameleons are preyed upon by jackals, hawks, and eagles.
The larger female (160 mm) lays around 20 eggs which take about 100 days to hatch.
Namaqua chameleons are listed as CITES II. In 2012, the filming of the Mad Max sequel Fury Road caused significant damage to Namaqua chameleon habitat in Dorob National Park and Namib-Naukluft National Park.[1]
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NAME: ________________________
language development test 2 Test
Question Types
Start With
Question Limit
of 21 available terms
5 Written Questions
5 Matching Questions
1. in the first year
2. marginal babbling
3. mcgurk effect
4. earlier babbling is a good predictor of later language skills
5. control of phonation
1. a 6-8 months don't have characteristics of true syllbles
2. b 1. earlier production of first word.
2. larger vocabulary
3. more accurate word production
4. pragmatic skills
3. c sounds like da when eyes are closed but its really ga
4. d infants are able to distinguish among sounds of the worlds languages. at 10-12 months children start focusing on their own language
5. e 3-4 months
phonation becomes more voluntary
cooing and vocal play
5 Multiple Choice Questions
1. consistent speech sounds that function as words for the infants. caregivers can understand. ex. wawa for water
2. stopping. change from fricative to stopping
3. 1. discriminating phonetic contrast
2. segmenting speech chain onto different units
4. emerging around 21-24 months
5. 1. categorical perception theory
2. statistical learning theory
3. visual speech perception
5 True/False Questions
1. 6 distinct stages of early vocalization development1. reflexive
2. control of phonation
3. expansion of phonation
4. babbling stage
5. advanced forms
2. first wordsstopping. change from fricative to stopping
3. butter to tabaomission
4. 3 criteria for true words1. used with clear intention
2. must recognizably be produced
3. used consistently in similar contexts
5. canonical babblingmore adult sounds and syllables
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Tell a Friend! Submit Your Own
04/11/09 President Obama Weekly Radio Address: Passover and Easter
"This week the President discusses the multitude of problems and opportunities before the world through the prism of Passover and Easter: "These are two very different holidays with their own very different traditions. But it seems fitting that we mark them both during the same week. For in a larger sense, they are both moments of reflection and renewal. They are both occasions to think more deeply about the obligations we have to ourselves and the obligations we have to one another, no matter wh"
97.1 FM Talk
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Race to the Moon (Expedition)
by Jen Green
ISBN 0531153436 / 9780531153437 / 0-531-15343-6
Publisher Childrens Press
Language English
Edition Softcover
Find This Book
Find signed collectible books: 'Race to the Moon (Expedition)'
Book summary
Describes the events leading up to the Apollo 11 flight that put the first man on the moon and the technological advances that made this and later flights possible. [via]
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Game To Nominate: Can you name the last pitcher to record 200 strikeouts in a season for each MLB team?
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| 0.779308 |
Subscribe Feedback English
look up any word, like fishermans haircut:
1. boonslala
A drug that makes you think you're Danny Devito, often used to express surprise, anger, or any other pronounced emotion.
After he captured Princess Lauren, he ran through the snow and yelled "BOONSLALA!" in triumph.
by Rach July 03, 2003 add a video add an image
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In less than 2 years, a star system’s planet-forming disk just vanished — and the same thing may have happened in our own solar system.
Planet-Forming Disk Vanishes Into Thin Air
In less than 2 years, a young star lost the dusty disk shown in this artist’s conception. Image: Gemini Observatory/AURA Artwork by Lynette Cook
By Ken Croswell, ScienceNOW
Some 460 light-years away in the constellation Centaurus, a thick disk of dust swirled around a young star named TYC 8241 2652 1, where rocky planets like our own were arising. Then, in less than 2 years, the disk just vanished. That’s the unprecedented observation astronomers report in a new study, out today. Even more intriguing: The same thing may have happened in our own solar system.
Born about 10 million years ago, the TYC 8241 2652 1 system was chugging along just fine before 2009. Its so-called circumstellar disk glowed at the infrared wavelength of 10 microns, indicating it was warm and lay close to a star — in the same sort of region that, in our own sun’s neighborhood, gave rise to the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The infrared data reveal that the dust was about 180°C and located as close to its star as Mercury is to the sun.
Melis speculates that an earlier collision between two objects — perhaps two boulders, two asteroids, or even two planets — orbiting the star produced the dust grains that emitted the infrared light. Then either the star’s light blew the dust out of the planetary system or the dust plunged into the star.
“It’s a really interesting mystery,” says astronomer Scott Kenyon of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, who was not affiliated with the discovery team. “The observations certainly seem correct. It’s sort of amazing to have the dust in one of these disks go away so quickly. It’s hard to know exactly what happened.”
“This is a whole new insight into the violent processes like the ones that formed the moon and that must be going on where terrestrial planets are forming and first evolving in other planetary systems,” adds astronomer George Rieke of the University of Arizona in Tucson. Rieke says the discovery shows what happens after members of a nascent planetary system collide. His team has recently found milder infrared dimming in two somewhat older stars, indicating that similar events may be occurring there.
The discovery may offer clues to the violence that surrounded the formation of Earth. In particular, Earth is the only known terrestrial planet with a large moon, whose tides may have helped life advance by pushing it from sea to land; but no one knows how many Earthlike planets sport large satellites. The moon arose when a Mars-sized object hit our planet, a collision that presumably spewed lots of dust into space. The new observations suggest this dust could have disappeared fast.
However, with only one dust-vanishing event ever seen, Melis doesn’t know how common the phenomenon is. So his team plans to monitor not only this star but also others like it. “We have to wait and see if we ever catch another one,” he says.
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| 0.888954 |
Strategies to Help States Address Increased Expenditures during Economic Downturns
GAO-07-97, Oct 18, 2006
Additional Materials:
Stanley J. Czerwinski
(202) 512-6520
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
During economic downturns, states may struggle to finance Medicaid, a federal-state health financing program for certain low-income individuals. States receive federal matching funds for their Medicaid programs according to a statutory formula based on each state's per capita income (PCI) in relation to national PCI. The number of individuals eligible for Medicaid can increase during downturns as a result of rising unemployment. GAO previously reported that any federal assistance to respond to downturns should be well-timed and account for each state's fiscal circumstances. GAO was asked to consider strategies to help states offset increased Medicaid expenditures in the event of future economic downturns. GAO analyzed policy proposals and federal and state strategies to cope with downturns to identify and develop three potential strategies. GAO explored (1) targeting assistance to states most affected by a downturn, (2) using 2 instead of 3 years of PCI data to compute federal matching rates to more accurately reflect states' economic circumstances, and (3) giving states the option to obtain assistance based on their own determination of need. GAO discussed the strategies with experts, identified design considerations, and analyzed each strategy's potential effects. The Department of Health and Human Services received a draft of this report and did not comment.
No single strategy or combination of strategies can meet the varied economic needs of all states at all times, but one or more of the following strategies GAO analyzed may be useful for Congress as it deliberates how to help states cope with Medicaid expenditure increases during economic downturns. Any potential strategy would need to be considered within the context of broader health care and fiscal challenges, including continually rising health care costs, a growing elderly population, and Medicaid's increasing share of the federal budget. Supplemental federal assistance provided to states based on changes in states' unemployment rates would target funds to states most affected by downturns. GAO used unemployment as the key variable because it reflects the potential for increases in Medicaid enrollment resulting from an economic downturn. GAO created a simulation model to illustrate this strategy, which also adjusts the amount of funding relative to each state's per person spending on Medicaid services. The model captured about 90 percent of states' increases in unemployment during 2001, and all states would have received some federal assistance. A few states with relatively earlier or later increases in unemployment would not have received a commensurate amount of funding because a portion of their downturns was outside the period of the simulation. Using 2 years of PCI data to compute federal matching rates instead of the 3 years required under current law did not result in matching rates that consistently reflected current economic circumstances, as measured by PCI or changes in states' unemployment. Under certain conditions, reducing the number of years of data also skewed rates farther from current economic conditions. This strategy would also result in greater annual fluctuations in matching rates for most states. For these reasons, eliminating 1 year of PCI data is not a feasible alternative to help states address increased Medicaid expenditures. States could be given the option to decide whether and to what extent they need federal assistance, through a loan, either from the federal government or from the private capital market (subsidized and possibly guaranteed by the federal government), or a Medicaid-specific national "rainy day" fund. This strategy's viability would depend on states' willingness to pay into a national fund or assume additional Medicaid-specific debt and on states' accepting the terms of the loan or rainy day fund. Federal funding required for this strategy would vary depending on design factors such as whether federal loan subsidies or Medicaid rainy day matching funds are included.
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[ Nutrition Healthy Eating Miracle Diets? Handling Food Food Trouble Food Facts Food Fun! Discussion Archive -counter- ] Chewing Mascot
[ Missing Letters of the Vitamins | Beriberi, A Mysterious Disease | How the Word Vitamin was Formed | Antivitamins | Our Vitamin Needs | Food Sources of Vitamins ]
You may have taken vitamin pills and known that oranges are a rich source of vitamin C. Besides vitamin C, there are many other vitamins, such as vitamin A, B, C, D, E. So, what are vitamins?
All proteins are similar to each other in their chemical structure and so are all carbohydrates. Vitamins, on the other hand, are a group of organic substances quite unrelated to each other in their chemical structure. Some common features shared by all vitamins are that they are not digested or broken down for energy, they are not built into body structures, they are essential in very small quantities for normal health, and that they are needed for chemical reactions in the cells, working in association with enzymes. Some vitamins and enzyme partners help to form body parts such as bones, body tissues, blood cells, and the body genes. Some vitamins help in forming the body’s defense against disease-causing bacteria and viruses.
Each vitamin has a chemical name and a letter. For example, vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid. Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E and K. There are nine other vitamins which are water soluble: vitamin C and eight B vitamins: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine(B6), folacin, cobalamin (B12) and biotin.
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Missing Letters of the Vitamins
A... B... C... D... E... K... wait! where’s F, G, H and I? And why are there so many Bs? The first vitamins were discovered and named in alphabetical order, until a Danish researcher discovered and named vitamin K. He named it after the Danish word for clotting, Koagulation, because vitamin K helps the blood to clot. Meanwhile scientists had found that what they thought was a single vitamin B was really a group of vitamins that are usually found together in the same foods. So numbers were attached to the B. By this time, the last B vitamins were discovered and the system of letter naming was out of style. Thus, some of the B vitamins are called only by their chemical names.
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Beriberi, A Mysterious Disease
Beriberi is a disease that affects the heart and nervous system and can cause paralysis and death. (Its name means "I can’t, I can’t!", a good way to describe how tired and weak people feel when they are suffering from the disease.)
In 1884 the director of the Naval Medical Bureau, Baron Kanehiro Takaki, sent two ships on a 287-day voyage during which the men on one ship are served a diet of meat, cooked fish, and vegetables, while the men on the other ship get the usual Japanese diet of polished white rice and raw fish. Some 160 men out of 360 come down with beriberi on the second ship and 75 died, while on the first ship nobody died. The 160 cases of beriberi were found to occur only among men who refused to accept the prescribed diet. Takaki ordered Western-style rations to be served aboard all Japanese naval vessels.
What was missing in the diet of the men on the second ship was actually thiamin (vitamin B1). Beriberi can be treated by adding thiamin to the diet.
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How the Word Vitamin was Formed
In 1911, a Polish chemist Casimir Funk ,discovered which nutrient was missing in white rice. With just a milligram of this substance, he cured a pigeon paralyzed by beriberi. The mystery nutrient was a chemical in the amine family. (Members of the amine family contain nitrogen.) Funk suggested that there was a whole group of chemicals in foods that prevented various diseases when they were eaten in small amounts. He named them vitamines (Vita means "life", so "vitamines" are amines needed for life.) In 1926, the substance discovered by Casimir Funk was identified as thiamin. But as more "vitamines" were identified, most of them were not amines. Hence,scientists dropped the "e" and called them vitamins.
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Antivitamins can be found in some foods, and they prevent vitamins from working in the body. Some kinds of fish contain the enzyme thiaminase which breaks down thiamin into forms the body can’t use. Heat destroys the enzyme, so when fish is cooked, its thiamin can be used by the body. But when people eat raw fish, the thiamin can’t be used.
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Our Vitamin Needs
The total amount of vitamins that we need is very small, only milligrams or micrograms of each one per day. An ounce of vitamin B12 would provide the daily requirement for more than nine million people! All the vitamins a person needs each day add up to about an eighth of a teaspoon.
Plants can make these vitamins in their leaves, but animals have to take them in ready-made, either from plants or from other animals. We will develop vitamin-deficiency diseases due to low levels of any vitamins in our diet. Fortunately, most diseases can be cured in their early stages by adding the vitamin to the diet. So, choose a wide variety of food to have enough of the vitamins.
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Food Sources of Vitamins
By eating a variety of food, we get the vitamins we need. Different foods contain vitamins. Fruits contain Vitamin C. Vitamin K can be found in leafy vegetables and many other foods. Animal foods contain Vitamin A and D. Vitamin B is present in vegetables and meat.
Do you know that we can obtain Vitamin D from the sunlight?
Do you know that vitamins can help to keep you young? Refer to this site:
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This page has been authored for participation in the 1997 Thinkquest Competition.
For problems, questions, or suggestions regarding The FOOD Files, send email to or page the webmaster for quicker results.
Last updated: July 31, 1997
The FOOD Files See the Links!
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+H2O - Keith Teboul - www.positive-h2o.com
Ein Windsurf Video von positiveh2o - 7,926 Views
www.positive-h2o.com +H2O is a team of passionate and dedicated professional windsurfers and watermen based in Maui, Hawaii who believe in using their status, experience, and knowledge to promote clean water, sanitation and clean water access to communities around the world. They also promote windsurfing, surfing and stand-up paddling as healthy activities that are environmentally friendly and family-oriented. The team talks about Keith as he shows how to rip it up. http://www.positive-h2o.com
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To clarify the mechanism of the deformation and fracture in a low-velocity impact test on the isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) sheet made by injection molding, the change of the style of fracture and the form of deformation was examined while changing the speed of the striker in a low-velocity impact test. In the injection molding sheet, an oriented skin layer of some thickness is formed on the surface of the sample sheet. By the stress perpendicular to the orientation direction of the skin layer, crazes were formed easily in parallel with the orientation direction in this layer, and cracks were formed from there. Because these cracks bring the sample sheet a strong restraint of strain, a high stress concentration occurs at the end of this crack even if the formation of the oriented layer is limited on the surface of the sample sheet only, and the low-velocity impact test leads the sample sheet to a brittle fracture. As a result, the injection molding sheet that forms oriented structure on its surface causes the ductility-brittleness transform at a lower velocity of deformation compared with the nonoriented sheet. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2659–2665, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
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Botany Test #2
Created by Rachelk3192
54 terms
2 Types of Root Systems
Tap Root and Fibrous Root
Root Cap
protects the young radical and continues to slough off as the root grows
Robert Hooke
first observed the cell in 1665
Cell Theory
- Cell is the basic unit of life
- Organisms are composed of cells
- Cells arise from other cells
Prokaryotic Cells
simple cells that lack organelles
example: Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
larger, more complex cells that have organelles (nuclei, mitochondria, etc.)
examples: plants, animals, fungi
What three things do plant cells have that animal cells don't?
- Cell walls
- Vacuoles
- Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
protects and supports the cell, is made of Cellulose, and allows water and other molecules to pass through
(like a cardboard box)
Primary Wall
formed early and is located on the outermost layer
Secondary Wall
deposited on the inside, between Primary Cell Wall and Cell Membrane
Middle lamella
"glues" adjacent cells together
Cell Membrane
aka: Plasma Membrane, is a lipid bi-layer that is differentially permeable (allows water through, but not other molecules)
the gel like stuff on the inside
indistinct matrix of water (90%), proteins, organic molecules, ions
distinct, membrane-bound sub-compartments within the cell
contains all genetic information in chromosomes
provides energy to cell b converting sugars into chemical energy
site for photosynthesis, produces sugars from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Also contains chlorophyll (what makes plants green)
the "recycling unit" of the cell, they are important in breaking down old cell components, contain many digestive enzymes, and manage waste
stores a water solution of sugars, salts, acids, proteins
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria are descendants of once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells, establishing a symbiotic relationship
Root Epidermis
the outermost, single layer of cells that absorbs water and nutrients
Root Cortex
provides support and often stores sugars and starch
What are the functions of roots?
anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, and storage of surplus sugars and starch
What is the value of soil bacteria around root hairs?
help absorb nutrients
What force is involved in water movement into the roots?
movement from an area of high concentration of salt to an area of low concentration of salt
What is the functions of Stems?
supports leaves and fruits and conducts water and sugars throughout plant for above-ground organs
What are the two types of growth?
Primary and Secondary
Primary Growth
is derived from Apical Meristems
Secondary Growth
comes from Internal Meristems
Apical Meristems
primary growth, increase in length
Lateral Meristems
secondary growth, increase in width
What are the 2 types of stems?
Monocot and Dicot
Monocot Stem
has vascular buncles mixed throughout stem
Dicot Stem
has a vascular ring
Following last October's freak snow storm, the leaves of Japanese Maple Didn't fall off until the following Spring, why?
Abscission is a metabolic process, there was no energy to prompt the abscission process that drops the leaves
Blade / Lamina
flat expanded area of a leaf
stalk that connects the leaf blade to stem
Where are most of the chloroplasts found?
in the Palisade cells of the Leaf Mesophyll
attract insects and birds
protect the reproductive parts of the flower as they develop
the base upon which the flower develops
the male part of the flower consisting of a filament and the anther
the female part of the flower consisting of a stigma, style and ovary
stalk that holds up the anther
part of the stamen that produces and holds the pollen
found at the end of the pistil, it has a sticky surface to catch pollen
the neck of the pistil; pollen grows down the style to fertilize eggs in the ovary
part of the pistil that contains the ovules or immature seeds
Complete Flower
contains both male and female parts
Incomplete Flower
contains one or the other (Male/Female) parts
Monoecious Plants
contain both male and female incomplete flowers on the same plant
Dioecious Plants
contain either the male or the female flower on one plant
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The maven-assembly-plugin supports creating of different kind of archives like zip, tar, tar.gz etc. using the assembly:single goal. One can include not only project resources, but also dependencies and arbitrary content, making this a very versatile plugin.
More information on the Maven Assembly Plugin can be found at its home page.
history | show excerpt | excerpt history
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How it Works
At the push of a button, the ACT, Inc. Hot Water D'MAND Kontrol Systems® circulate the ambient temperature water in the hot water lines (water that is normally lost down the drain) back to the water heater. This occurs up to 80% faster than just letting the water run down the drain—the usual scenario. Depending on the plumbing layout, the route and time can vary. The D'MAND Kontrol Systems® move the water rapidly, so that the hot water arrives at the fixtures before the heat is lost through the pipe.
As the ambient temperature water in the cold water line travels towards the water heater, the D'MAND Kontrol Systems® fill the hot water line with hot water. When the hot water reaches the D'MAND Kontrol Systems®, a thermal sensor (thermister) senses a temperature rise and quickly shuts the pump off. The sophisticated electronic circuitry that does this is attached to the high-performance pump housing.
This results in getting hot water to the fixtures three to four times faster (on average), greater convenience in not having to wait, a savings in water and energy, and a reduction in sewage costs! As a by-product of these savings, a cumulative result is the improvement of air quality.
The D'MAND Kontrol Systems® can utilize the cold water line as a return line or it can use a dedicated return line. By using the existing cold water line, it is easy to retrofit existing homes or businesses. Special plumbing is not needed, and since the System will not allow for hot water to cross over to the cold water line, all the cold water fixtures still have cold water.
Unit has been installed for 2 weeks. Works as described. Great Product!Brian — Farmington, NH
So far, so good!Robert — Albuquerque, NM
Love it!Kathleen — Gulf Breeze, FL
Logos (Various Logos) Shopping Cart | Checkout
© 2013
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website designsearch engine optimisation
How Water Filters Work
Filters are composed of a substance which traps, adsorbs, or modifies pollutants in the water which flows through them. This substance is called medium. There are many different types of filter media. Some mechanically trap pollutants with an ultrafine sieve or strainer, while others use a process called absorption in which contaminants are retained within the microscopic pores of the medium.
The rating of a water filter or purifier tells you what size particles it will and wont remove. Filters are rated in micro metres or microns. A micron is one millionth of a metre. A human hair is 70 microns in diameter, a cryptosporidium oocyst 4-6 microns and a Giardia cyst 8 - 12 microns.
There are two types of filter ratings: nominal and absolute. A nominal rating indicates the smallest particle size that the filter should remove or reduce, in accoradnce with its design criteria. It is an estimated value, not a precise one. A 5 Micron nominal filter, for example should trap 95 per cent of all particles 5 microns or larger.
On the other hand, an abslute filter rating refers to a certified reduction rate, usually 99.9 per cent. Therefore a 5 Micron absolute filter will remove 99.9 per cent of particles 5 microns or more in diameter.
Sediment Filters
Sediment or particulate filters are fine sieves which reduce dirt and other particles. Using one as a pre-filter will protect a water purifier from damage and exten its life, because it will take longer to become clogged with unwanted media.
Sediment filters range from coarse to fine, so they are rated accordingly.
Sediment filters can be made from wound string, rigid foam (Polyspun) or pleated film. They are usually mounted under the sink. The life of a sediment filter depends on the rubbish in the water - six to twelve months is average.
Activated Carbon Filters
When these are activated by exposure to high tempratures in the absense of oxygen, the result is a substance with millions of microscopic pores and a vast surface area; half a kilo of activated carbon provides more than 50 hectares of surface with the capacity to cling to or absorb smaller organic molecules.
Ceramic Filters
These are effective against bacteria, parasites, and sediments. Some models can filter down to .9 of a micron absolute.
The filter has a hollow core of ceramic which can be scrubbed with a soft bush or scothbrite when cleaning becomes necessary. This type of ceramic filter can be used as a sediment pre filter in replacement of a standard string wound, foam (poly spun) or pleated filter.
Some ceramic filters are fitted with an additional activated carbon block core to increase their taste and odour reduction efficiency.
Reverse Osmosis Purifiers
A typical RO purifier consists of four filters in series plus a storage tank. The fisrt is a sediment filter, the second a carbon block, the third a membrane and the fourth a activated carbon block to remove any remaining chlorine by-products.
Reverse osmosis effectively removes turbidity, sediment, collodial matter, total dissolved solids, toxic metals, radioactive elements, pesticides, and herbicides. This can have significant health benefits.
A typical system produces water at a slow rate - almost drop by drop - so most under sink systems have a pressurised storage tank and a seperate dedicated faucet or all in one three way mixer installed on the sink. Water drawn from the faucet or mixer comes from the storage tank.
The average system produces about 200 liters per day*, more than enough for an everage family.
(* Depending on inlet water pressure and membrane capacity.)
The average domestic RO will use about 40 litres per day to flush contaminants - average household consumption is around 1000 litres per day.
Unlike filters, RO membranes dont accumulate pollutants but the membranes themselves gradually degrade with use. While the sediment and carbon filters will probably need replacement every 6 - 12 months, membranes should be changed every 3 - 5 years or as specified by the manafacturers.
John Archer (1998). Sydney On Tap. Australia: Pure Water Press. p74-80.
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Sunday, December 8, 2013
Running LFE in Windows
Building LFE (Lisp Flavored Erlang) does not seem to work in Windows. Running make gives the following error.
rebar was unexpected at this time.
make: *** [compile] Error 255
However, if you have access to a GNU/Linux system, you can build it there, get the .beam files inside the ebin directory over to Windows, which can be loaded by the EVM running on Windows.
Say you placed it under C:\lfe-ebin, open the Erlang shell and run the following
1> cd("c:/lfe-bin").
2> lfe_shell:start().
LFE Shell V5.10.3 (abort with ^G)
Thursday, December 5, 2013
Fun with FizzBuzz
Here is my shortest Groovy version of FizzBuzz in 62 characters and legible.
JavaScript version in 66 characters, but a bit convoluted.
Sunday, December 1, 2013
Groovy Parallel and Async Tasks with GPars
Groovy is a very pragmatic language. It keeps ceremony to the minimum while taking advantage of the mighty JVM and the Java platform. The GPars library is a convenient way to run computations in parallel, async or concurrent. The same thing can be achieved to an extend with plain Java with the java.util.concurrent.* classes. An article by Edgardo Hernandez demonstrates the usage with Java. Let's use Groovy and GPars to do something similar.
import groovyx.gpars.GParsPool
public class Task {
def compute(int msg) {
String str = "";
long begTest = new java.util.Date().getTime();
System.out.println("start - Task "+ msg);
try {
str = str + 't';
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
Double secs = new Double((new java.util.Date().getTime() - begTest)*0.001);
System.out.println("run time " + secs + " secs");
return msg;
final def task = new Task()
def seq = {
println "sequential"
long b = new Date().getTime()
(1..5).each {
long e = new Date().getTime()
println e-b
println "\nparallel"
GParsPool.withPool { //pool size will be automatically computed (if nothing is specified).
long b = new Date().getTime()
(1..5).eachParallel { // executes each block in parallel and statement within the block sequentially.
long e = new Date().getTime()
println e-b
println "\nasync (demo)"
long start = new Date().getTime()
// Say we have few tasks that needs to be computed asynchronously while doing other computations.
def a = {task.compute(1)} // define the tasks in a closure
def b = {task.compute(2)}
def c = {task.compute(3)}
def d = {task.compute(4)}
def e = {task.compute(5)}
def results = GParsPool.withPool {
[a,b,c,d,e]*.callAsync() // perform the tasks in the background
// continue with other tasks..
results*.get() // now we need the results to continue further. Get the result (if not done yet, it waits till done).
// do further computation with the obtained results..
long stop = new Date().getTime()
println stop-start
This can be run using groovyConsole. GPars must be in the classpath or included using grapes. In my test system having dual cores, the time taken are around 10375ms, 6578ms, 6234ms for sequential, parallel, and async tasks respectively. In a single core atom processor the average time for 3 runs are as 13792ms, 10771ms and 9078ms respectively.
Saturday, November 9, 2013
Erlang: Anonymous Recursive Function
The Erlang shell evaluates expressions. Calling an anonymous function by itself is a bit tricky. The easy way to do it is to pass in the reference to the function as one of its arguments. Variable binding by pattern matching happens only after a function gets defined. So we cannot call the function by the variable name from within itself.
In the example the D(L) displays the elements in the list L.
1> D = fun(F, []) -> ok;
1> (F, [H|T]) -> io:format("~p~n", [H]), F(F,T) end.
2> D(D, [a,b,c]).
If the binding takes place before the function definition, we could have written like
1> G = fun([]) -> ok;
1> ([H|T]) -> io:format("~p~n", [H]), G(T) end.
* 2: variable 'G' is unbound
but, we can see that it gives an error. Another way would be to use a fixed-point combinator like a Y combinator.
Wednesday, November 6, 2013
Erlang: Reading a Line of Integers from stdin
There are various functions that can be used for reading from standard input. I have a line of integers separated by a space in between. There can be 1000 to 10,000 or more numbers in a line. I want to read them all and use them for further processing. I mainly thought of two ways, one is to read individual integers each and build a list. The other method is read the whole line in one go as a string, split the string delimited by space which gives a list of strings and convert each string element to an integer. Now the question is which of the two would be faster?
#!/usr/bin/env escript
% Read input as an integer
read_input(Inp) ->
case io:fread("", "~d") of
eof ->
% display the list
io:format("~p~n", [lists:reverse(Inp)]),
{ok, [N]} ->
_ -> read_input(Inp)
split(S, D) ->
re:split(S, D, [{return,list}]).
%% Read input as a string
read_input() ->
case io:get_line("") of
eof ->
N ->
% display the list
L = lists:map(fun(X) -> list_to_integer(X) end, split(string:strip(N--"\n"), " ")),
io:format("~p~n", [L])
main(_) ->
I am testing this using escript without -mode(compile) which interprets the code.
The lowest time the read_input([]) function took to read and display a line of 1000 integers (around 7 digits each) was 2.235s and read_input() took only 0.750s. The average for 7 runs were 2.256s and 0.77s respectively. In the first method we can see that the list is created by appending elements to the head which is a really fast operation. Which shows that it is better to reduce the number IO calls and get the input as a chuck.
With 10,000 integers, the first function takes 2m28.625s and the second one takes only 1.875s.
NB: Reading in as string can be slow in other programming languages. In Erlang strings are represented as a list of integers.
Friday, November 1, 2013
Case Insensitive Regex in Erlang
Case insensitive matches with regular expression can be done by specifying caseless as one of the options.
1> S = "Hi there, hello there. Hello world!".
"Hi there, hello there. Hello world!"
2> re:run(S, "hello", [global, caseless]).
3> re:run(S, "hello", [global]).
4> re:run(S, "hello", []).
Thursday, October 31, 2013
Erlang: Truncate a Floating Point Number to N Decimal Places
An Erlang function to truncate a floating point number to N decimal places ignoring trailing zeros.
%% Truncates a floating point number F to N decimal places ignoring trailing zeros.
-spec trunc(float()|integer(), integer()) -> float().
trunc(F, N) ->
Prec = math:pow(10, N),
1> c(ql).
2> ql:trunc(3.1415926525, 4).
3> ql:trunc(3.1400, 4).
4> ql:trunc(3.0, 4).
5> ql:trunc(3, 4).
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Can you name the mental health and brain teaser answers?
created by SikwitUBC
• Answers do not have to be guessed in order
• Feel free to use the physical materials around the room for help with the mental illness questions.
• This quiz has not been verified by Sporcle
Show Missed Answers
Many mental illnesses are treatable medical conditions and a combination of therapy, ______________ and support can be very effective
In Margaret's cottage, where the temperature was below freezing, there was a newspaper, a fireplace, some kindling, and a kerosene lamp. What should she light first?
schizophrenia is when someone has multiple personalities
What is the closest relation that your father's sister's sister-in-law could be to you?
What five letter word does every university graduate pronounce wrong
People with mental illnesses suffer more as _________ of violence than the public at large due to the secondary effects of poverty, transient lifestyle and substance use problems
Depression is not an inevitable part of _______.
Dee Septor, the famous mind reader, says his job description can be summed up using just three letters of the alphabet. What letters are they?
A tree doubled in height each year until it reached its maximum height over the course of ten years. How many years did it take for the tree to reach half its maximum height?
Mental illness can inhibit someone's _________ opportunity
Electroconvulsive Therapy is an effective method for treating mental illness
There are six ears of corn in a hollow stump. If a perfectly healthy squirrel carries only three ears out each day, how many many days will it take to empty the stump?
If Sid Shady is 40 inches plus half his own height, how tall is he?
Mental illnesses are _________ conditions.
If you were to take two apples from three apples, how many apples would you have?
If a doctor gives you three pills and tells you to take one pull every half hour, how long will they last?
If a wheel has 64 spokes how many spaces are there between the spokes?
Workplace ______ can cause sometimes mental illness
What is the value of one-half of two-thirds of three-quarters of four-fifths of five-sixths of six-sevenths of seven-eighths of eight-ninths of nine-tenths of one thousand?
The tallow obtained by burning ten candles will yield one extra candle. If you burned 1000 candles, how many extra candles could you make?
Rex rode his bicycle 300 kilometers. Thre tires were used equally in accumulating this distance. How many kilometers of wear did each tire sustain?
__________ play a big role in helping with the recovery process of mental illness
Art Conn bought a used car for $6000 and sold it to Hardy Pyle for $8000. He later bought it back for $10 000 and resold it again for $12 000. Did Art make any profit and if so how
Which one of the three would see most clearly in total darkness: a leopard, a bat, or an owl
Which is correct to say: 'The yolk of the egg are white' or, 'The yolk of the egg is white'?
People who are addicted to substances change the way their bodies sense __________.
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Shop for Bras, Swimwuits and Shapewear at Big Girls Bras at
History of the Bra Archive
Bras and the Clothing Reform Movement
Last week, we took a look at the history of bras from ancient times up through the Victorian era. During the Renaissance and the Victorian era, the precursors to the modern bras had come to resemble modern-day torture devices. During the late Renaissance and the 1800s, the ideal of beauty came to be a very
Bras in the 1800s
Bras in the Renaissance
The Renaissance was a time for rebirth in many ways, and fashion was one area that certainly benefited from Renaissance influence. Gone was the prior emphasis on the stolid, minimal, functional wardrobe. During the Renaissance, clothes began to focus more on form than function, and fashionable styles emphasized a tiny waist and pushed the breasts
Bras in the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages was a dark time for many, and the early Middle Ages saw many women attempting to minimize their figures. Garments that drew attention to the bust were actually outlawed by the Catholic Church in an edict out of Strasbourg. By the late Middle Ages, things were changing, but women during this period
Ancient History of the Bra
While the garment we recognize as the modern bra only dates back around a hundred years, breast-covering and emphasizing garments have existed as far back as 3,000 years ago. Many ancient cultures either emphasized or minimized the breasts, and designed garments to display or hide these feminine features. What were bras like in ancient culture?
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Editorial | Oct. 24
Editorial: Restructure midterms
As exams come to a close and many of us head off campus for fall break, the Board would like to take the opportunity to reflect on the structure of this chaotic week that we call midterms. Midterms week is unique, as students carry the burden of exams along with their regular course loads. Currently, there are few policies in place that regulate how midterm exams are scheduled and administered. With a few simple changes, midterms would be more standardized and thus fairer for all students.
The first issue with midterms concerns take-home exams. The Board recognizes that there can be limited time to administer in-class exams during midterms week; this makes take-homes necessary in some cases. However, take-home exams lead to both increased opportunities and increased temptation for students to cheat. Because students are not in a classroom surrounded by peers, they may hold themselves less accountable, and there will be no one else present to ensure their academic integrity. As a result, if take-home exams are not administered properly, they penalize students who adhere to the University’s academic policies. Two important changes can be made to help remedy this issue: Closed note take-homes should be disallowed, and time-limited take-homes should be timed in a reliable manner.
Closed note take-homes provide a unique temptation for students to cheat. In a classroom setting, students are less likely to cheat because there is both an implicit and explicit pressure to act honestly when there are other students in the room. But if a student is in his or her room alone, struggling with a take-home, and the textbook is mere inches away, it is easy to imagine how some might slip up and take a peek. If several students in a class cheat, those that do not are at a significant disadvantage in terms of grading, especially given the steep grading curves in many classes.
Timed take-homes also incentivize cheating. In a classroom setting, it is obvious if a student is writing after the time is called. But again, if students are alone and just want to finish up a paragraph or two, it is easy to imagine them writing beyond the allotted time. There are several systems that can be used to check timing on such exams. One option is administering exams through Blackboard, which has a system that electronically times student exams. Another option is having students physically pick up and return exams at designated times. If professors do not wish to utilize these methods, they can simply opt to assign non-timed take-home exams or in-class exams.
The Board also believes that there should be a standardized policy for rescheduling midterms. Unlike final exams, with midterms, professors have the power to move an exam for students who request a change due to a particularly heavy exam schedule. This leads to unfairness, as some professors may be more willing than others to make exceptions. For final exams, the Registrar outlines a concrete policy by which students can move exams: If they have more than one in a 24-hour period, they are eligible for a change. For midterms, the Board proposes a similar policy. Because midterm exams are generally shorter and occur over a shorter time period, the Board feels that it would be appropriate to allow students to reschedule an exam if they have more than two exams in a 24-hour period. Standardizing this policy would both make exam rescheduling easier and would ensure fairness across classes.
Midterms week is one of the most stressful times of the year. The Board believes that these changes would help make this week both fairer and more manageable.
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DREAM‘s mission and vision
The DREAM will be founded as an international movement for organizing a self-governing structure for Ethiopians in the Diaspora designed to promote sustainable development, fight poverty, corruption and social injustice in Ethiopia by fostering advocacy, sensitization, and accountability and investment [94].DREAM is an independent Ethiopian mission in the Diaspora and aims at making a positive influence among Ethiopians and Ethiopian descendants both abroad and in the homeland to utilize their highest potential primarily through mobilization of resources and best established practices of progress[95]. DREAM will be committed to healing divisions and mistrust among people of Ethiopia using development and transformation as a primary tool .DREAM will furnish the venue for alternative policy and development leadership environment that enables different individuals and political voices to operate for a single common agenda of a just social and economic development .DREAM believes this will empower the Diaspora constituencies to exert their influences on the homeland towards promoting good governance in Ethiopia[96].DREAM can be achieved through streamlining various Diaspora led initiatives in an atmosphere that is coordinated with in the Diaspora space irrespective of political backgrounds or other values[97].As a result , individuals and Diaspora based organizations (DBOs) abroad who have development leadership experience and resources can confidently engage in the homeland development effort by ensuring the existence of supportive legal coordinative frameworks that protects and guarantees their interests[98].
Total votes: 18
POSTED BY samson // April 08, 2012
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World's First Single-Electron Transistor Works Like a Teeny, Tiny Etch-A-Sketch
It's amazing what an electron can do. Researchers, lead by a team from the University of Pittsburgh, have built the world's first operational single-electron transistor, the SketchSET, which could become an essential component of all sorts of futuristic technologies; from super-dense, high-capacity solid-state drives to quantum processors.
The idea is simple: start with an "island" of atoms capable of holding an additional electron or two at the convergence point of three nanowires atop of a lanthanum aluminate substrate. Then, using the sharp conducting probe of an atomic force microscope, you can make an electron tunnel through the wires and onto the "island" creating a transistor with differing conductive states depending on how many additional electrons are present. The entire field can then be erased and reused—like an Etch-A-Sketch. OK, maybe it's not so simple. But it's important!
The thing about a transistor of this size is that it can basically sidestep that whole Moore's Law buzzkill—as well as physical limitations imposed by current production methods. You get more computing power in the same amount of space. And the ferroelectric nature of the transistors (they can retain their state without external power) means that they can be used for super-high-capacity solid-state drives. So yeah, huzzah for the single-electron transistor. We'll check back with you when SketchSET moves from the lab to the LAN party. [Science Daily]
Image courtesy of
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NAME: ________________________
World Geography/Culture Test
Question Types
Start With
Question Limit
of 40 available terms
5 Written Questions
5 Matching Questions
1. natural resources (p. 93)
2. fertility rate (p. 78)
3. nation (p. 83)
4. dialect (p. 73)
5. population density (p. 79)
1. a a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity
3. c a version of a language that reflects changes in speech patterns due to class, region, or cultural changes
4. d the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate of her country
5. e a material on or in the earth, such as a tree, fish, or coal, that has economic value
5 Multiple Choice Questions
1. the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit
2. an area that is the center of business and culture and has a large population
3. the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group
5. the number of organisms a piece of land can support without negative effects
5 True/False Questions
1. nation-state (p. 83)the name of a territory when a nation and a state occupy the same territory
2. command economy (p. 91, 364)a type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production. Also called a planned economy
3. GDP (p. 94)the value of only goods and services produced within a country in a period of time
4. acculturation (p. 72)the cultural change that occurs when individuals in a society accept or adopt an innovation
5. monarchy (p. 83)a type of government in which a ruling family headed by a king or queen hold political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies
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How to Write a Manuscript?
Writing a book can be a fun and exciting feat; however, you must first know how to present and write a manuscript. There are definite rules you must follow before submitting a manuscript. For one, you must make sure the entire document is double spaced. Although there are some common rules to follow, the format of the manuscript will differ depending on the publisher. You can find more information here:
1 Additional Answer Answer for: how to write a manuscript
How to Write a Manuscript
A manuscript is a story in its rawest form before it is published and writing a manuscript requires a typewriter or computer, printer and a good idea for a book. Start writing a manuscript, get that story in motion and get it published with advice from a... More »
Difficulty: Moderate
Q&A Related to "How to Write a Manuscript?"
A manuscript is the first step to writing a great novel. Most publishers will fix the manuscript formatting during the publishing process. So do not stress about this process to much
Video Transcript. Hi this is Laura Turner and today I'm going to talk with you about how to write a book manuscript. When you are beginning to write your book you are going to be
1. Determine your target audience. You must write in a style that your audience will understand and appreciate. A lawyer might expect a different tone and vocabulary than a chef.
1. Decide the overall tone and approach your manuscript will take. This will require an honest appraisal of how your work speaks to you. Do you write in a certain narrative style?
Explore this Topic
A manuscript is an author's text that has not yet been issued. When writing a manuscript online, you need to identify the target audience, the purpose of your ...
Manuscripts are when you write something down that you have created. This can be done in any manner you would like. It is your manuscript and there is no set way ...
Any speech needs to be tailored to the audience. If it is a formal speech like for an academic community then you will include facts, statistics and the work of ...
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really confused....
0 pts ended
An icehockey puck B rests on frictionless level ice and is struck by asecond puck A, which was orignally traveling at40ms-1. After the collision, puck A is deflected30 degrees from its original direction and puck B acquires a speedand travels in a direction that is inclined 45 degrees to theoriginal direction of A. If the mass of puck A is the same asthat of B, calculate the speed of each puck after thecollsion.
A). Take vo as thevelocity of puck Abefore collision. Writedown the initial momentum vector of thesystem in its cartesian form.
B). Takevaandvbas the velocities ofpucks Aand B after the collision respectively. Resolvingvaandvbinto theirX and Y components, write down the final momentum vector of the systemin its cartesian form.
C). Employ the momentum conservation principleand compare theX and Y components of the momenta. This will giveyou two equations. Solve these equations to findvaand vbin terms ofvo.
D. Evaluate the valuesof va andvb
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This large storage pot, or olla, was found during excavation of Furnace Flats 2. This type of vessel was used for everyday tasks such as cooking or storing water or food. The blackened outer surface suggests that this pot was used for cooking prior to being buried in the floor. A valuable item such as a pot may have had multiple uses through time.
Archaeologists classify ceramics based upon construction technique, clay type, firing method, color, and style of decoration. This olla was manufactured by coiling and scraping, and the style is known as Tusayan Corrugated. It was made sometime between A.D. 1070 and 1130.
The olla was buried in the dirt floor and covered with a stone slab. The pot may have been placed there for safe-keeping, or it may have been buried and used to store things below the floor during the most recent occupation. Although the pot was excavated in one piece, it had a long crack running down one side. It was packed extremely carefully, but had to be transported by raft through some of the canyon’s biggest rapids. When the pot was unpacked at MNA the crack had given way. It likely broke as the raft crashed through the waves of one of the rapids.
Although it was a disappointment when the pot broke, no archaeological information was lost. The pot will be preserved in Grand Canyon National Park’s Museum Collection and displayed in interpretive exhibits about the excavation project.
Click and drag your mouse to move the vessel in three dimensions.
Learn more about the discovery of this vessel.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In engineering and science, one often has a number of data points, obtained by sampling or experimentation, which represent the values of a function for a limited number of values of the independent variable. It is often required to interpolate (i.e. estimate) the value of that function for an intermediate value of the independent variable. This may be achieved by curve fitting or regression analysis.
A different problem which is closely related to interpolation is the approximation of a complicated function by a simple function. Suppose the formula for some given function is known, but too complex to evaluate efficiently. A few known data points from the original function can be used to create an interpolation based on a simpler function. Of course, when a simple function is used to estimate data points from the original, interpolation errors are usually present; however, depending on the problem domain and the interpolation method used, the gain in simplicity may be of greater value than the resultant loss in accuracy.
There is also another very different kind of interpolation in mathematics, namely the "interpolation of operators". The classical results about interpolation of operators are the Riesz–Thorin theorem and the Marcinkiewicz theorem. There are also many other subsequent results.
An interpolation of a finite set of points on an epitrochoid. Points through which curve is splined are red; the blue curve connecting them is interpolation.
For example, suppose we have a table like this, which gives some values of an unknown function f.
Plot of the data points as given in the table.
x f(x)
0 0
1 0 . 8415
2 0 . 9093
3 0 . 1411
4 −0 . 7568
5 −0 . 9589
6 −0 . 2794
Interpolation provides a means of estimating the function at intermediate points, such as x = 2.5.
There are many different interpolation methods, some of which are described below. Some of the concerns to take into account when choosing an appropriate algorithm are: How accurate is the method? How expensive is it? How smooth is the interpolant? How many data points are needed?
Piecewise constant interpolation[edit]
Piecewise constant interpolation, or nearest-neighbor interpolation.
The simplest interpolation method is to locate the nearest data value, and assign the same value. In simple problems, this method is unlikely to be used, as linear interpolation (see below) is almost as easy, but in higher dimensional multivariate interpolation, this could be a favourable choice for its speed and simplicity.
Linear interpolation[edit]
Plot of the data with linear interpolation superimposed
y = y_a + \left( y_b-y_a \right) \frac{x-x_a}{x_b-x_a} \text{ at the point } \left( x,y \right)
|f(x)-g(x)| \le C(x_b-x_a)^2 \quad\text{where}\quad C = \frac18 \max_{y\in[x_a,x_b]} |g''(y)|.
Polynomial interpolation[edit]
Plot of the data with polynomial interpolation applied
f(x) = -0.0001521 x^6 - 0.003130 x^5 + 0.07321 x^4 - 0.3577 x^3 + 0.2255 x^2 + 0.9038 x.
Spline interpolation[edit]
Plot of the data with spline interpolation applied
f(x) = \begin{cases}
-0.1522 x^3 + 0.9937 x, & \text{if } x \in [0,1], \\
-0.01258 x^3 - 0.4189 x^2 + 1.4126 x - 0.1396, & \text{if } x \in [1,2], \\
0.1403 x^3 - 1.3359 x^2 + 3.2467 x - 1.3623, & \text{if } x \in [2,3], \\
0.1579 x^3 - 1.4945 x^2 + 3.7225 x - 1.8381, & \text{if } x \in [3,4], \\
0.05375 x^3 -0.2450 x^2 - 1.2756 x + 4.8259, & \text{if } x \in [4,5], \\
-0.1871 x^3 + 3.3673 x^2 - 19.3370 x + 34.9282, & \text{if } x \in [5,6].
In this case we get f(2.5) = 0.5972.
Like polynomial interpolation, spline interpolation incurs a smaller error than linear interpolation and the interpolant is smoother. However, the interpolant is easier to evaluate than the high-degree polynomials used in polynomial interpolation. It also does not suffer from Runge's phenomenon.
Interpolation via Gaussian processes[edit]
Other forms of interpolation[edit]
Other forms of interpolation can be constructed by picking a different class of interpolants. For instance, rational interpolation is interpolation by rational functions, and trigonometric interpolation is interpolation by trigonometric polynomials. Another possibility is to use wavelets.
Interpolation in digital signal processing[edit]
Related concepts[edit]
The term extrapolation is used if we want to find data points outside the range of known data points.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
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Saturday, July 31, 2010
Activism in America: Where’s our “We Shall Overcome”?
Activism in America:
Where's our "We Shall Overcome"?
By Erik Loomis
July 24, 2010
This is the first in a series of posts on Activism in the United
States from regular GC contributor Erik Loomis. Let us know what you think!
I have an obsession with the state of activism in the United States.
As a labor and environmental historian, I am constantly thinking
about activism in the past and present. I look at successful social
movements and wonder at our troubles creating effective change and
sustaining long-term campaigns today.
This question has an incredibly complicated answer, enmeshed in
historical and cultural context, wrapped up in class and race
politics, and influenced by a niche capitalism which promotes
individual expression over collective identity.
My next few columns will address activism in the past and present.
It's worth examining the movements progressives look to as models.
The civil rights and 1960s movements dominate narratives of
successful organizing in the United States, both because of their
success and because their members are still alive. These movements
motivated millions of Americans to activism, successfully altering
the nation's history.
These and all movements had what I call an "architecture of
activism." In brief, this is a shared set of symbols, heroes, songs,
and other cultural reference points that provide an umbrella of
common understanding necessary for organizing. For example, statues
of Vladimir Lenin in the Soviet Union spoke to devoted communists
around the world in specific ways that helped shape their ideology
and activism. Each line in his face conveyed meanings to devotees.
All movements, regardless of size, have an architecture that binds
members together in solidarity. Political movements certainly have
this, but so do, for instance, hipsters or underground rock scenes.
Freedom songs such as "We Shall Overcome" provided an architecture
for the civil rights movement. These songs brought people together.
Old and young, radical and conservative, black and white, civil
rights workers united around these songs. They provided sustenance
during beatings and while in jail. The songs, the shared history of
suffering, the past and present leaders, food, and music: all of this
brought people together to provide them inspiration, guidance, and
collective identity.
The broad architecture that sustained civil rights activism could not
hold up by the late 1960s. As the civil rights movement splintered
into ethnic nationalism, feminism of various shades, the antiwar
movement, and other social movements, each acquired their own
cultural symbols. But these radical movements still shared much even
if they didn't often work together. Che Guevara and the doctrine of
world revolution provided an ideological framework for many of these
groups. Malcolm X gave them a hero and a path to accomplish their
goals. Rock and roll, marijuana, and LSD gave these increasingly
youth-dominated movements common cultural touchstones.
At the same time, youth culture began eroding the architecture that
allowed for broad-based, multi-generational movements such as the
early civil rights movement and the labor movement of the late
nineteenth through mid-twentieth centuries. The rebellion of the Baby
Boomers rejected the ideas and forms of their elders as out of date.
Creating a culture defined as oppositional prioritized exclusivity.
Organizing communities split by age. Boomers also had massive
consumer power. Hippies began their own businesses to sell age and
culturally-specific products to each other.
By the early 1970s, as the political tumult of the 60s waned,
individualism supplanted collectivism in the minds of the young. But
the ever-evolving youth culture remained powerful. Capitalists took
advantage of these individualistic desires, creating niche markets
for products. Popular music expanded from shared songs that most
people knew to a wide variety of popular music along with underground
scenes that appealed to particular small groups, but with no hope of
massive popularity. Fashion and cable television had much the same
affect. Our interests and shared cultural touchstones became shared
with smaller and smaller groups of people. The old seemed out of date
unless you were part of a niche group of people interested in old things.
Past decades became a series of stereotypes to alternately borrow
from and scorn. From the 1960s, we occasionally mine the decade for
retro fashions. Much of its music remains popular. We either admire
or laugh at the hippies. But our ironic age has little use for the
earnestness of 60s radicals. Starry-eyed beliefs don't have much
credence in 2010.
In the late 1990s, I was heavily involved in organizing in east
Tennessee. We visited the Highlander Center, home to much civil and
labor rights organizing since the 1920s. Still working at Highlander
were Guy and Candie Carawan, folksingers, radicals, and long-time
activists. People remember Pete Seeger but Guy Carawan was almost
equally influential in the 1960s. Carawan helped popularize "We Shall
Overcome" within the civil rights movement.
During the visit to Highlander, the Carawans led a sing-along. They
led us through the old freedom songs. And it was special in a
historical sense. How many opportunities like this do you get? But it
the singing itself felt weird and awkward. While the older people
were into it, the younger people mostly found the experience. Later
that night, many complained about the out of date singing.
As a historian, I didn't have a lot of patience for the complaints,
but I definitely felt the discomfort. Singing those old-timey songs
in an age of rock and roll sliced and diced for each demographic felt
hokey. The slow but inspirational song structure of "We Shall
Overcome" has no cultural resonance within modern music. These songs
were not my cultural touchstones, no matter how much I respect them
and the singers who made them famous. In an age of irony, who can
take such earnestness seriously?
I am sad that I and other young people had this reaction to our
experience with the Carawans. We can't unite in a mass movement if we
can't speak to each other across generations, across class, across
race and education and experience. A broad-based architecture of
activism, with commonly shared symbols, cultural touchstones, and
leaders must guide us.
In other words, what will be our "We Shall Overcome"?
Erik Loomis is a visiting asst. professor of history at Southwestern
University. He blogs at Alterdestiny. He can be reached at eloomis20
[at] gmail [dot] com
No comments:
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Tell me more ×
I have an object like this
var Wheel = { //...function A, B etc.. here... }
how can I access an array value from a function A inside Wheel to the outside "root" of my javascript document?
PS. feel free to edit my title because i have no idea how to elaborate it. thanks
share|improve this question
In your situation, can you pass in a reference to 'root' to your function? – Kaushal De Silva Jul 23 at 3:16
Just to clarify your goal is to access an array from within function A at the root of your javascript – ermagana Jul 23 at 3:21
add comment
3 Answers
define the array in the global scope
var myarray;
var Wheel = {
a: function(){
myarray = [1]; //new array
//then you can acces myarray anywhere
share|improve this answer
add comment
Simply make the array a property of Wheel, eg
var Wheel = {
arrayValue: [],
A: function(a) {
Wheel.arrayValue; // [1]
Wheel.arrayValue; // [1,2]
share|improve this answer
add comment
So from your representation, A is a function, which means that objects declared within it are lost at the end of execution, due to their scope. A would be called like this:
At which point A would begin to execute the function and any variables declared within the scope of A, which were preceded by var, would be lost at the end of the call.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer
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Several towering figures, including a praying mantis, the MIT beaver, Popeye the sailor, a Dome hack and a skeleton, bobbed around the Infinite Corridor last week. Associate Professor Dava Newman of aeronautics and astronautics had teams of students in 16.00 (Introduction to Aerospace and Design) design and build 15-to-20-foot lightweight articulated figures that could be "worn" by one person, make it through the Infinite Corridor between Lobby 10 and Lobby 7, and encourage MIT spirit.
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Foresight Nanotech Institute Logo
Image of nano
Ab Initio Study of Chemistry Inside Carbon Nanotubes:
Enhancement of the Menshutkin SN2 Reaction
Mathew D. Halls*, a and H. Bernhard Schlegelb
aScientific Simulation and Modeling Group, Zyvex Corporation,
Richardson TX 75081 USA
bDepartment of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit MI 48202
This is an abstract for a presentation given at the
Ninth Foresight Conference on Molecular Nanotechnology.
Due to their unique physical properties, carbon nanotubes are a novel nanoscale environment in which to carry out chemical reactions. Reaction energetics, mechanism and dynamics could be significantly altered inside carbon nanotubes due to their large instrinsic polarizabilities and due to the severely decreased reaction volume. In an effort to examine the effect on reaction enthalpies and activation energies of confining reacting systems inside carbon nanotubes, calculations using hybrid density functional theory have been carried out for a model reaction.
In theoretical studies examining the effect of local environment of chemical reactivity, the Menshutkin SN2 reaction1 is often studied. In the present work, the effect of confinement of the Menshutkin SN2 reaction inside zigzag (8,0) and (9,0) carbon nanotubes is investigated. Compared to the gas phase, the potential energy surface changes dramatically. First, the ion pair product is significantly stabilized, making the overall process more favourable. Second, the transition state shifts towards the reactants and is stabilized, giving a lower reaction barrier, in agreement with the Hammond postulate. Comparison of the all electron nanotube calculations with a polarizable continuum model shows excellent agreement, confirming the stabilizing mechanism and suggesting a cost-effective method for investigating other confined chemistries.
The results presented here indicate that the effect of nanotube confinement on relative reaction energies closely resembles solvation and that chemical reactions in which there is a separation of charge along the reaction coordinate will be inhanced inside fullerene based materials due to their large electronic polarizabilities.
1 Menshutkin, N. Z. Phys. Chem. 1890, 5, 589; Menshutkin N. Z. Phys. Chem. 1890, 6, 41.
*Corresponding Address:
Mathew D. Halls
Scientific Simulation and Modeling Group, Zyvex Corporation,
1321 North Plano Road, Richardson TX 75081 USA
Phone: 972-235-7881
Fax: 972-235-7882
Donate Now
Foresight Programs
Join Now
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| 0.908342 |
Get Help
Online: Request Help
Phone: (707) 826-HELP (4357)
Email: help@humboldt [dot] edu
In Person: Library 120 • Hours
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Frequently Asked Questions - Security :: VPN
Printer-friendly version
When you're connected to your office computer over the VPN, your office computer is the primary computer; your remote computer essential becomes just another peripheral for the office computer. So printing capabilities are restricted to your office computer while you're connected. To print documents stored on your office computer locally, you'll need to download those documents to your local computer and print them after you've disconnected from the VPN.
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No. In fact, your first choice for remote connectivity should always be to use Secure FTP (File Transfer Protocol) to connect to your network folder. That approach is much simpler and ties directly into HSU's network access control system, so it's just as secure but much simpler and more reliable to use. The VPN system is really designed to be used only by those people who are already connecting to their office computers remotely using Remote Desktop or VNC.
Printer-friendly version
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is essentially a secure communications "tunnel" that connects a remote computer to a corporate (or in HSU's case University) network. HSU's VPN uses a combination of authentication (confirming that you are who you say you are) and encryption to ensure only authorized users can read data transmitted through that tunnel.
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English فارسی Suomi
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Translation Tools
OpenTranslationTools: PreparingContent
Preparing Content
The amount of time it takes to translate a document and the quality of the resulting translation depend largely on how well the source text has been prepared for translation. By following a few basic best practices you can encourage the translation of your content , make the process more efficient, and ensure that the message is not lost in translation.
The translation industry employs a few strategies to help ensure that content can be well translated. These include:
• Constraining language - by limiting the terminology, complexity and style of technical manuals it is possible to ensure that they remain translatable.
• Pretranslation - in this process an editor, who understands the issues of translation into the target languages, makes changes to the source text to ensure that it is translatable.
Common Problems and Solutions
The following are a list of the most common issues and how they might be addressed.
The source content may be in various styles, some of which might not work in the target language. A simple example would be where content is in a very personal style while the target language employs a very impersonal style in this type of content.
The source content needs to be adapted to address the issue or the translation brief should specifically state the change in register is allowed in the target languages. In the long term it might be worth establishing a style guide for the source documents.
Complex Sentence
The creator of the source document might make use of a style that creates sentences with more then one key point. A pre-translation editor would break these into two sentences.
Consistent Use of Terminology and New Terms
It is always good to build a terminology list for the domain, this helps the translators when they are translating. In the same way the source document should consistently use that terminology. A pre-translation editor would adjust the use of terms to align with the terminology list.
Any new terms that are found that need definition and that will need to be developed in the target language are added to the terminology list.
Logical Flow of Arguments
In the heat of a blog post an author might make an argument that is poorly developed, that makes a leap of faith or that needs a minor tweak. A pre-translation editor would help to clarify this logic either by correcting it or adjusting it with the author. This ensures that translators are not faced with the issue of having to build the arguments themselves.
Repetition of Logic
An author may repeat the same idea a number of times using different examples or arguing from different directions to arrive at the same conclusion. A pre-translation editor would either merge these arguments into one, ensure that they are each logical or write something to the translators explaining that there are two points being developed.
Foreign Language in the Source Text
Content creators may include foreign phrases, borrowed words, slang and other words or expressions that the translator may not be familiar with. An English author writing in South Africa might borrow Afrikaans or Xhosa words and expressions. The pre-translation editor might remove these or explain their meaning in a general way so that translators can translate them. The editor could build the explanation into the source text so that it is easily translated and give instructions not to translate the original.
Content creators might want to avoid using terms that might be specific to their locale or to always explain words and phrases that could causes confusion. There is of course a balance in that a personal piece full of colour and expression should not become academic or plain.
Idioms, Examples and Cultural References
Idioms can be some of hardest things to translate as they have many levels of meaning. A translator would need to understand those meanings to be able to find equivalents in their language. This is one reason why many people insist that translation be toward a translator's primary language as it is only in this language that the translator has full access to equivalents. A pre-translator can explain the idiom to the translator or even highlight the key part of the idiom that is being used in the context.
Examples are the easier of this group to adjust. It's often easy to find examples from the target language's locale. Thus, the pre-translation editor can either find general examples or allow translators to adjust the example to their locale as needed.
Cultural references would include quotes, movie dialogue, etc. "Play it again, Sam", "Open the podbay door, Hal", "Beam me up, Scotty" are all references to popular culture which may or may not be a part of popular culture in the target language. However, the target language might have a rich parallel popular culture. For example, science fiction culture in Hungarian is very rich thus offering alternatives. The pre-translation editor will choose their approach based on the target languages including asking for a similar reference, explaining the context of the reference or eliminating the reference.
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Ferocactus wislizeni
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Fishhook Barrel Cactus)
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Ferocactus wislizeni
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Core eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Genus: Ferocactus
Species: F. wislizeni
Binomial name
Ferocactus wislizeni
(Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm.
Ferocactus wislizeni, the fishhook barrel cactus, also called Arizona barrel cactus, candy barrel cactus, and Southwestern barrel cactus, is a cylindrical barrel-shaped cactus.
Some sources mistakenly spell the epithet "wislizenii." Correct spelling is with one "i," per ICN article 60C.2.[1]
The fishhook barrel cactus typically grows to a diameter of roughly two feet and a height of three to six feet. However, specimens as wide as three feet and tall as ten feet have been recorded.[2] The common name comes from the spines, which are thick and hooked. It has a leathery asparagus green cortex (skin) with approximately 15-28 ribs per cactus. Its flowers are yellow to red-orange and appear atop the cactus fruit during the summer months. The fruits are green when unripe, yellow after the flower dries up, and persist atop the cactus long after the flower is gone, sometimes for more than a year.
In adulthood, fishhook barrel cacti generally leans southward, toward the sun, earning it the nickname "compass barrel cactus." One theory about why this happens is, the afternoon sun is so intense it slows the growth on the exposed side, causing the plant to grow unevenly. Older barrels can lean so far they uproot themselves and fall over especially after heavy rains when the soil is loose.[3] Its life cycle is 50-100 years.
Like Sclerocactus, Ferocactus typically grows in areas where water flows irregularly or depressions where water can accmulate for short periods of time. They are most often found growing along washes and arroyos where their seeds have been subjected to scarification due to water movement, but they oddly also tend to grow along ridges in spots where depressions have formed and can hold water for some period of time.
The "fishhook" spines and the armored web of spines enclosing the cactus body in many species of this genus is an adaptation which allows the plant to move to more favorable locations. This plant's seeds germinate in areas where water movement occurs or in areas where standing water accumulates for some period of time, and during flash floods, the hooked spines allow the plants to be caught on water-borne debris and be uprooted and carried to areas where water tends to accumulate. Ferocactus has very shallow root systems and are easily uprooted during flash floods.
The habitat these plants exist in is hot and very arid, and the plants have adapted to exploit water movement to concentrate their biomass in areas where water is likely to be present.
The fishhook barrel cactus is native to southwestern United States and northern Mexico. More specifically, it can be found in southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, El Paso County, Texas and northern Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico.[4] It grows in gravelly or sandy soil, more commonly on bajadas than steep slopes, at 1000 to 5300 feet (300-1600 m) elevation. It prefers full sun, and does well in hot arid climates. It is, however, frost-tolerant to 5 °F (-15 °C)[5]
The flowers are pollinated by cactus bees (Lithurge spp.). Mule deer, birds, and javelina eat the fruit. The birds especially like the seeds. The people of the Sonoran Desert use the fruit for candy and jelly.[4] The Seri and O'odham eat the flowers and use the fruit, which is sour, as emergency food.[3] Tradition says that the barrel cactus is a source of water for people lost without water in the desert. There are records of the southwestern Native Americans using it for that purpose,[6] but the water contains oxalic acid and is likely to cause diarrhea if ingested on an empty stomach.[7]
The skin thickens with age, making older cacti more fire resistant. Even so, average mortality due to fire is 50 to 67 percent within the first two years following fire.[4]
In urban areas, the Fishhook Barrel is valued as an ornamental plant. It is drought tolerant and good for xeriscaping, and it is also a low-maintenance full-sun plant.
External links[edit]
1. ^ J. McMeill et al. (eds). 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books. ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6
2. ^ Barrelcactus Cactacae Ferocactus wislizeni. USDA Fact Sheet.
3. ^ a b Mark A. Dimmitt. Cactaceae (cactus family). Arizona Sonora Desert Museum.
4. ^ a b c US Forest Service. Index of Species Information. SPECIES: Ferocactus wislizenii.
5. ^ Philippe Faucon. Fishhook Barrel Cactus. Desert Tropicals.
6. ^ Native American Ethnobotony.
7. ^ Desert Museum
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Muskeg is an acidic soil type common in Arctic and boreal areas, although it is found in other northern climates as well. Muskeg is approximately synonymous with bogland, but muskeg is the standard term in Western Canada and Alaska, while 'bog' is common elsewhere. The term became common in these areas because it is of Cree origin; maskek (ᒪᐢᑫᐠ) meaning low-lying marsh.[1] Large tracts of this soil existing in Siberia may be called muskeg or bogland interchangeably.
Muskeg consists of dead plants in various states of decomposition (as peat), ranging from fairly intact sphagnum moss, to sedge peat, to highly decomposed humus. Pieces of wood can make up five to 15 percent of the peat soil. Muskeg tends to have a water table near the surface. The sphagnum moss forming it can hold 15 to 30 times its own weight in water, allowing the spongy wet muskeg to form on sloping ground. Muskeg patches are ideal habitats for beavers, pitcher plants, agaric mushrooms and a variety of other organisms.[2]
Stunted shore pine growing on muskeg in Wrangell, Alaska.
Muskeg forms because permafrost, clay or bedrock prevents water drainage. The water from rain and snow collects, forming permanently waterlogged vegetation and stagnant pools. Muskeg is wet, acidic, and relatively infertile, which prevents large trees from growing, although stunted Shore Pine, cottonwood, some species of willow, and Black Spruce are typically found in these habitats.[3] It needs two conditions to develop: abundant rain and cool summers. A dead plant that falls on dry soil is normally attacked by bacteria and fungi and quickly rots. If the same plant lands in water or on saturated soil, it decomposes differently. Less oxygen is available under water, so aerobic bacteria and fungi fail to colonize the submerged debris effectively. In addition, cool temperatures retard bacterial and fungal growth. This causes slow decomposition, and thus the plant debris gradually accumulates to form peat and eventually muskeg. Depending on the underlying topography of the land, muskeg can reach depths greater than 30 metres (100 ft).
Poplar growing on muskeg
Although at first glance muskeg resembles a plain covered with short grasses, a closer look reveals a bizarre and almost unearthly landscape. Small stands of stunted and often dead trees, which vaguely resemble Bonsai trees, grow where land protrudes above the water table, with small pools of water stained dark red scattered about. Its grassland appearance invites the unwary to walk on it, but even the most solid muskeg is spongy and waterlogged. Traveling through muskeg is a strange and dangerous experience for the unaccustomed. Muskeg can grow atop bodies of water, especially small ponds and streams. Because of the water beneath, the muskeg surface sometimes ripples underfoot. Thinner patches allow large animals to fall through, becoming trapped under the muskeg and drowning. Moose are at a special disadvantage in muskeg due to their long legs, minimal hoof area, and great weight. Hunters and hikers may occasionally encounter young moose in muskeg-covered ponds submerged up to their torsos or necks, having been unaware of the unstable ground.
Surface strength[edit]
Heavy equipment breaking through thawing muskeg in Wabasca oil field in Alberta.
Muskeg can be a significant impediment to transportation. During the 1870s, muskeg in Northern Ontario was reported to have swallowed a railroad engine whole when a track was laid on muskeg instead of clearing down to bedrock. Many other instances have been reported of heavy construction equipment vanishing into muskeg in the spring as the frozen muskeg beneath the vehicle thawed. Construction in muskeg-laden areas sometimes requires the complete removal of the soil and filling with gravel. If the muskeg is not completely cleared to bedrock, its high water content will cause buckling and distortion from winter freezing, much like permafrost.
Tracked excavator placing corduroy on muskeg near Rocky Mountain House, Alberta
One method of working atop muskeg is to place large logs on the ground, then cover those logs with a thick layer of clay or other stable material. This is commonly called a corduroy road. To increase the effectiveness of the corduroy, prevent erosion,[4] and allow removal of material with less disturbance to the muskeg, a geotextile fabric is sometimes placed down before the logs.
Caterpillar D300E hauling on a corduroy road built over muskeg
Line notes[edit]
1. ^ Cree Dictionary. "Maskek". Retrieved 2009-04-15.
2. ^ Tongas National Forest. 2008
3. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2008
4. ^ Government of Alberta: Geotechnical and Erosion Control
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Scrub radius
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Scrubradius 0 (top) positive (center) negative(bottom)
The scrub radius is the distance in front view between the king pin axis and the center of the contact patch of the wheel, where both would theoretically touch the road.
The kingpin axis is the line between the upper and lower ball joints of the hub. On a MacPherson strut, the top pivot point is the strut bearing, and the bottom point is the lower ball joint. The inclination of the steering axis is measured as the angle between the steering axis and the centerline of the wheel. This means that if the camber angle is adjustable within the pivot points the scrub radius can be changed, this alters the width and offset of the tires on a vehicle.
If the kingpin axis intersection point is outboard of the center of the contact patch it is negative, if inside the contact patch it is positive. The term scrub radius derives from the fact that either in the positive or negative mode, the tire does not turn on its centerline (it scrubs the road in a turn) and due to the increased friction, more effort is needed to turn the wheel.
Large positive values of scrub radius, 4 inches/100 mm or so, were used in cars for many years. The advantage of this is that the tire rolls as the wheel is steered, which reduces the effort when parking. This also allows greater width in the engine bay, which is very important in some compact sports cars.
If the scrub radius is small then the contact patch is spun in place when parking, which takes a lot more effort. The advantage of a small scrub radius is that the steering becomes less sensitive to braking inputs, in particular.
An advantage of a negative scrub radius is that the geometry naturally compensates for split µ (mu) braking, or failure in one of the brake circuits. It also provides center point steering in the event of a tire deflation, which provides greater stability and steering control in this emergency situation.
Steering axis inclination[edit]
The steering axis inclination (SAI) is the angle between the centerline of the steering axis and vertical line from center contact area of the tire (as viewed from the front).
Effects of SAI[edit]
SAI urges the wheels to a straight ahead position after a turn. By inclining the steering axis inward (away from the wheel), it causes the spindle to rise and fall as the wheels are turned in one direction or the other. Because the tire cannot be forced into the ground as the spindle travels in an arc, the tire/wheel assembly raises the suspension and thus causes the tire/wheel assembly to seek the low (center) return point when it is allowed to return. Thus, since it has a tendency to maintain or seek a straight ahead position, less positive caster is needed to maintain directional stability. A vehicle provides stable handling without any of the drawbacks of high positive caster because of SAI.
Scrub radius[edit]
The scrub radius is the distance at the road surface between the tire line and the SAI line extended downward through the steering axis.
The line through the steering axis creates a pivot point around which the tire turns. If these lines intersect at the road surface, a zero scrub radius would be present. When the intersection is below the surface of the road, this is positive scrub radius. Conversely, when the lines intersect above the road, negative scrub radius is present. The point where the steering axis line contacts the road is the fulcrum pivot point on which the tire is turned. Scrub radius is changed whenever there is a change in wheel o/s as on the t/l where the wheels are pushed outboard causing scrub radius to become more (+). Older cars tended to have very close to zero scrub radius but often on the (+) side, newer cars with ABS all have negative scrub radius (that's why all the newer cars have the wheels o/s more inboard).
Squirm occurs when the scrub radius is at zero. When the pivot point is in the exact center of the tire footprint, this causes scrubbing action in opposite directions when the wheels are turned. Tire wear and some instability in corners is the result.
Applications in suspension[edit]
MacPherson strut equipped vehicles usually have a negative scrub radius. Even though scrub radius in itself is not directly adjustable, it will be changed if the upper steering axis point or spindle angle is changed when adjusting camber. This is the case on a MacPherson strut which has the camber adjustment at the steering knuckle. Because camber is usually kept within 1/4° side to side, the resulting scrub radius difference is negligible.
Negative scrub radius decreases torque steer and improves stability in the event of brake failure. SLA suspensions usually have a positive scrub radius. With this suspension, the scrub radius is not adjustable. The greater the scrub radius (positive or negative), the greater the steering effort and the more road shock and pivot binding that takes place. When the vehicle has been modified with offset wheels, larger tires, height adjustments and side to side camber differences, the scrub radius will be changed and the handling and stability of the vehicle will be affected.
• Reimpell, Jornsen; Helmut Stoll, Jurgen W. Betzler. The Automotive Chassis Engineering Principles. SAE International. ISBN 978-0-7680-0657-5.
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The Online Slang Dictionary
(American, English, and Urban slang)
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Definition of dac
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Other terms relating to 'embarrassment (related to)':
Definitions include: mean or disrespectful.
Definitions include: exhausted, not well.
Definitions include: to embarrass one's self.
Definitions include: a man with no class.
Definitions include: messed up, weird.
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Definitions include: term used by law enforcement to refer to a decrepit automobile, due to the belief that the occupants likely have arrest warrants.
Definitions include: A language with a russian/polish accent, but not necessarily any understood or real words
Definitions include: Jewish-American princess.
Definitions include: to masturbate.
Definitions include: to scare someone extremely bad; "scare the crap out of".
Definitions include: to waste time.
Definitions include: to relax, usually with other friends; "chill".
Definitions include: hanging out and talking about nothing.
Definitions include: a female who is inattentive or forgetful: "spaced-out."
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<a href="">dac</a>
[ dac]
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Resistance of Short, Stiff Piles to Multidirectional Lateral Loadings
Volume 35, Issue 2 (March 2012)
ISSN: 0149-6115
Published Online: 6 September 2011
Page Count: 17
Su, D.
Professor, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Durability of Civil Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen,
(Received 24 February 2011; accepted 1 July 2011)
Lateral loads applied to pile foundations in some cases are multidirectional. However, most of the past studies only considered soil-pile interaction under unidirectional horizontal loadings. This paper describes a comprehensive experimental study on a pile-sand system under both unidirectional and multidirectional horizontal loadings using a computer numerically controlled biaxial motion platform. The displacement paths at the pile head include unidirectional regular paths, cross paths, figure-8 paths, and unidirectional and multidirectional irregular paths with different displacement amplitudes and different aspect ratios of the displacement amplitudes along two horizontal directions (α). The test results indicate that the preloading along one horizontal direction influences the subsequent response along the orthogonal horizontal direction, in terms of the pile resistance and the direction of the force increment vector. In the figure-8 tests, the shapes of the force-displacement curves in most cases differ significantly from that obtained from the unidirectional regular test and different from the unidirectional regular test, the maximum forces appear before the displacements reach the maximum values. In these tests, the direction of the force increment vector always deviates from the direction of the displacement increment vector. According to the results of the regular and irregular loading tests, the lateral resistance of the pile under the multidirectional paths is generally lower than that under the unidirectional path, and the degree of reduction increases with the aspect ratio (α). The ratio of force (rF), defined as the maximum force in the multidirectional tests to that in the unidirectional test, can be expressed as an exponential function of α. Considering that the reduction in the resistance can reach as large as about 30%, overlooking the multidirectional loading effect can lead to unconservative analysis or design in some cases.
Paper ID: GTJ103840
DOI: 10.1520/GTJ103840
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Title Resistance of Short, Stiff Piles to Multidirectional Lateral Loadings
Symposium , 0000-00-00
Committee D18
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Course Descriptions
SPED5063: Supervised Practicum: Grades 4th - 12th
Offered: Once per calendar year
Prerequisites: SPED 5003, SPED 5013, SPED 5053, SPED 5033, EDFD 6053, or advisor approval.
This class is a supervised participation in an appropriate school, or institution dealing with children with exceptionalities, grades 4-12; and providing a practical, hands-on application of teaching methods and ideas.
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In this activity, students will practice the steps involved in a scientific investigation as they learn why ice formations on land (and not those on water) will cause a rise in sea level upon melting. This is a discovery lesson in ice and water density and displacement of water by ice floating on the surface as it relates to global climate change.
In this activity students research the inter-dependencies among plants and animals in an ecosystem and explore how climate change might affect those inter-dependencies and the ecosystem as a whole.
This video segment features subsistence fishing and harvesting in the Northwest US. Segment was adapted from a student video produced at Northwest Indian College in Bellingham, Washington.
This lesson guides a student inquiry into properties of the ocean's carbonate buffer system, and how changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels may affect ocean pH and biological organisms that depend on calcification.
In this activity, students investigate how sea levels might rise when ice sheets and ice caps melt by constructing a pair of models and seeing the effects of ice melt in two different situations. Students should use their markers to predict the increase of water in each box before the ice melts.
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W.E.B. DuBois Teacher Resources
Find W.e.b. Du Bois educational ideas and activities
Showing 1 - 20 of 179 resources
Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois: The Problem of Negro Leadership
Students focus on the problem of African American leadership throughout American history. In groups, they research the life and works of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois and how they worked to promote the need for African American leaders. They examine the reasons why Washington's ideas lost followers and DuBois gained followers. To end the instructional activity, they discuss if either man's ideas would be accepted today.
Accommodation or Activism
Students examine the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois. For this political lesson students analyze the philosophies of two prominent African Americans in history. They look to see who's strategy for equal economic and political rights for African Americas was more appropriate.
Fighting for Democracy
Young scholars reflect on what life was like in the 1800's for Native Americans. In this U.S. History instructional activity, students work in small groups to complete numerous activities that reflect on the role of Booker T. Washington and DuBois in African Americans gaining freedom.
Fighting for Democracy, Fighting for Me
Students consider how African American responded to social injustice. In this social injustice lesson, students compare and contrast the visions of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois for obtaining civil rights for African Americans.
Dubois and Washington Venn Diagram
Students compare and contrast the visions of W.E.B. Dubois and Booker T. Washington. In this African American history lesson, students read biographies about both men and create a Venn diagram about the men.
Race and Ethnicity in the 1920s
What was life like for African-Americans during the 1920s? It was filled with acute racism, gross mistreatment, and powerful Black leaders. Learn about The Great Debate, Tulsa Race Riots, the rise of the KKK, The NAACP, and Marcus Garvey. The Harlem Renaissance is also discussed.
Marcus Garvey and the Rise of Black Nationalism
Fourth graders explore the differing beliefs of African American activists. In this American history lesson, 4th graders examine the views of racism resistance that Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey held.
African-American Soldiers in World War I: The 92nd and 93rd Divisions
Students research the role played and contributions made by African American soldiers during World War I. They discuss the evolution of civil rights in America's history, and the progress that has been made in the last 100 years.
Ida B. Wells Let the Truth Be Told Reinforcing Activity
Learners discuss social justice through learning about Ida B. Wells. In this justice lesson, students listen to the book Ida B. Wells: Let the Truth be Told by Walter Dean Myers, then work in groups to research 5 other people who fought for social justice.
African-American Soldiers After World War I: Had Race Relations Changed?
Students utilize an online database to conduct research and analyze the conditions for African-Americans before and after World War I. They consider the role of the 92nd and 93rd divisions in affecting social change.
A Meeting Of Renaissance Minds
Seventh graders investigate the contributions of individuals during the Italian and Harlem Renaissance periods. In this Italian and Harlem Renaissance lesson, 7th graders research the two eras before writing a script. They write a script that develops a conversation between two significant persons of the era including details about the artistic, social, and political changes.
"Pitchfork" Ben Tillman and Political Reform in South Carolina
Eleventh graders examine the political reform movement in South Carolina spearheaded by "Pitchfork" Ben Tillman. In this South Carolina history instructional activity, 11th graders examine primary and secondary sources regarding Tillman and his vision. Students take tests over the material.
Harlem Renaissance
Students investigate the African American culture in the 1920's and the Harlem Renaissance. They read and analyze poems written by poets of the Harlem Renaissance, listen to jazz music and identify the characteristics of the music, and answer a discussion question.
Teaching Lost Names
Eleventh graders explore the novel Lost Names. In this literature lesson, 11th graders make a poster showing propaganda, write a brochure, provide food for the food day, and write a personal reflection about the book after they have read and discussed literary elements.
John Gary Evans and the Politics of Race
Students read letters written by Evans and Gunton regarding race relations. For this Progressive Movement lesson, students interpret the intentions and tone of the letters to understand contemporary racial beliefs. Students discuss the arguments and respond to a writing prompt.
African American Soldiers in World War I
Eleventh graders analyze the fight of African Americans. In this American History lesson, 11th graders analyze the attitudes towards blacks in the military during WWI. Students debate the performance of the 92nd division.
A Meeting Of Renaissance Minds
Seventh graders compare and contrast the Italian and Harlem Renaissance periods. Classmates examine the life of historical individuals and assess their contributions and impacts on the respective eras. Students role play individuals from each era, comparing their lives. Pupils discuss the artistic, social and political changes that developed in the two very different eras.
I Hate All . . .
Students examine the concept of prejudice of human beings towards other human beings. They define prejudice and analyze the history of the word, read a U.N. Commission Report on prejudice, and examine textbooks for prejudice.
Black America And the War in Vietnam
Students explore Vietnam War from Afrocentric perspective, examine experiences of black people both at home and in war zone, and write three to five page response to quote by W.E.B. DuBois regarding race relations and Vietnam War.
Culminating Writing Assessment: History
Learners reflect on power, privilege, and standing in American society. In this writing skills lesson, students respond to the question, "If you are denied power, privilege, and equal standings with other Americans, how would you respond?"
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W.E.B. DuBois
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Return to the Purplemath home page The Purplemath Forums
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Game To Nominate: Can you name the words to 'The Man' speech as said in School of Rock by Jack Black's character, Dewey Finn?
Why? (optional):
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Subscribe English
look up any word, like thot:
The phrase roughly translates to asking for sex.
This comes from the Tamil dialect in India.
Okla Ma = Let's fuck / Let's have sex
by Sharkybyte April 01, 2008
2 2
Words related to Okla Ma:
fuck iyot jerjer kantot make love sex
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Diving-Wave Refraction Tomography
Robust near-surface velocity modeling using turning waves
We offer diving-wave refraction tomography to provide a reliable near-surface velocity model for reflection tomography iterations in a depth migration workflow, or static corrections for time processing.
Turning-ray tomography uses refracted first arrivals to compute a near-surface earth model by minimizing the difference between calculated and observed travel times. Because diving waves sample the near surface with more redundancy and with a greater angular range than reflected waves, we can converge on a more robust model using fewer iterations. This approach can be used in land, marine, or OBC environments.
Request More Information
Reliable Near-Surface Velocity Models
An example of the improvement brought by diving-wave tomography and prestack depth migration to imaging below shallow anomalies, even in a relatively simple geological environment.
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Infantile Amnesia
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When reading through the material, one topic that interested me was the idea of infantile amnesia. This is the term given for fact that humans do not have any memories before the age of three or four years old. Personally this is in line with my first memory, which was of a party for my fourth birthday. This idea explains that although some people claim to have their first memory before the age of two, these memories are almost always either false memories that actually did not occur, or memories that actually have taken place, but later in person's life. Evidence for these finds include the brain structure and development of an infant not having the capability to support memory function. It has been shown that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in the ability to perform long-term memory. In infants the hippocampus is only partially developed making it likely that we do not have the ability to support maintaining and storing memories. Other theories state that infants do not have an understanding of a "self", making it impossible to store memories in any meaningful way.
These findings give insight to contradict the theories and ideas of certain belief systems. One theory that was reviewed in the book was a belief maintained by people who believe in scientology. The theory states that many people remember stressful and degrading conversations that took place while a person is still a fetus. The believe that these conversations are thought to cause depression and low self-esteem later in life. The findings from infantile amnesia state that this is actually impossible.
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About this Entry
This page contains a single entry by harr1324 published on October 23, 2011 10:49 PM.
False Memory Controversy and Legal Skeptisism was the previous entry in this blog.
Being from a Bilingual Background is the next entry in this blog.
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maps of chile
what's inside: chile
Maps of Chile show the location of major cities and regions in Chile. Check out our interactive maps of Chile.
Santiago maps show locations and major features. Explore interactive Santiago maps. See more »
chile thematic maps
Country (long form) Republic of Chile
Capital Santiago
Total Area 292,260.03 sq mi
756,950.00 sq km
(slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana)
Population 15,328,467 (July 2001 est.)
Estimated Population in 2050 19,252,959
Languages Spanish
Life Expectancy 72.63 male, 79.42 female (2001 est.)
Government Type republic
Currency 1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos
GDP (per capita) $10,100 (2000 est.)
Arable Land 5%
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History of Chile
In the 16th century the northern half of Chile was part of the Inca Empire. Fierce Araucanian Indians inhabited the south.
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Barney's Numbers Numbers DVD
Product Description
Count on Barney to make counting super-dee-duper fun!
Barney's friend, Tony, shows off a box of numbers that he and his dad made. When a gust of wind blows them away, Barney and his friends hunt for the missing numbers. Looking outdoors in the park and inside the caboose, they find that numbers are everywhere. And what's a number scavenger hunt without "Number Limbo" and "Six Shake Pudding?" With two more to find, Barney invites the viewers to help look for numbers 9 and 10. Count on Barney to make learning super-dee-duper fun!
• Run time: 30 minutes
SKU #: BAR-1110-LYN100021DVD-inhouse
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Related Article
A Bold Move on AIDS in South Africa
(Go to Article.)
Get Our Lessons By E-mailPrinter-friendly Version
Wednesday, February 6, 2002
Life Savers?
Exploring Ethical Dilemmas Regarding AIDS Treatment in South Africa
Annissa Hambouz, The New York Times Learning Network
Grades: 6-8, 9-12
Subjects: Geography, Health, Social Studies
Interdisciplinary Connections
Overview of Lesson Plan: In this lesson, students participate in a roundtable forum to discuss the notion of defying South African national government policies in order to fight AIDS.
Review the Academic Content Standards related to this lesson.
Suggested Time Allowance: 1 hour
Students will:
1. Consider the moral and ethical implications of breaking laws in order to save lives.
2. Analyze provincial defiance of South African government policies regarding AIDS treatments by reading and discussing "A Bold Move on AIDS in South Africa."
3. Explore further the notion of seeking "alternatives" to government policies and trade laws by engaging in a roundtable discussion in class.
4. Synthesize their understanding of different perspectives on this issue by writing first-person reactions from the points of view of various people involved in it.
Resources / Materials:
-student journals
-classroom board
-copies of "A Bold Move on AIDS in South Africa" (one per student)
Activities / Procedures:
1. WARM-UP/DO-NOW: Students respond to the following prompt, written on the board prior to class: "Would you ever break the law to save someone's life? If so, under what circumstances would you do this? If not, why not?" Have students share responses briefly.
2. As a class, read and discuss the article "A Bold Move on AIDS in South Africa," focusing on the following questions:
a. Who is Lionel Mtshali?
b. What is Mr. Mtshali doing to address the AIDS problem in his province of South Africa?
c. The article states that the "political establishment shook" in response to Mr. Mtshali's press release. Why?
d. Where did South African advocates for AIDS patients purchase generic AIDS drugs?
e. Why must doctors and nurses distribute the AIDS drug nevirapine "quietly," according to the article?
f. How many H.I.V. positive babies are born each year in South Africa?
g. Might nevirapine affect this rate, according to the article?
h. How do the arguments of advocates for AIDS patients differ from the perspective of South African President Mbeki on the subject of drug distribution?
i. What role does the manufacturer of nevirapine, Boehringer Ingelheim, play in this debate?
j. How many adults in the KwaZulu-Natal province are infected with H.I.V.?
k. How does this problem affect the province as a whole, according to the article?
l. Who is Dr. Nono Simelela, and what does she have to say about AIDS treatments?
m. Why are some women reluctant to use baby formula instead of breastfeeding?
n. What were Lionel Mtshali's former occupations?
o. Why does Barbara Kenyon state, "He will be remembered in history as a great man"?
3. In a roundtable discussion, students explore the ethical dilemma of treating AIDS in South Africa touched on in the article. You may wish to contextualize this debate by pointing to the connection between South Africa and Brazil. As a country, Brazil openly defied pharmaceutical patent laws by producing affordable generic AIDS treatments for its citizens (the ones mentioned as currently purchased by South African advocates of AIDS patients). The Brazil case was contested by the United States at the World Trade Organization in 2001 and later dropped. By setting this precedent, Brazil has shown that finding "alternatives" to set rules and laws can be possible.
Though the discussion will most likely be driven by student comments, some guiding questions are offered below. Because the discussion may become heated, the teacher may want to maintain a "speaker's list." Students who wish to add to the discussion raise their hands, and the teacher writes their names on a list. Students will be called on in the order that their names appear on the speaker's list. Students can be added to the list at any time by raising their hand, but students must talk in turn.
--Do you think Lionel Mtshali should be punished for his defiance of South African government policies? Why or why not?
--Why do you think the South African government is resistant to distributing nevirapine?
--Do you think trade or patent laws should take precedence over the distribution of generic drugs? Why or why not?
--If you were in South Africa, would you take the position of the KwaZulu-Natal province or that of the national government? Why?
--Can you think of any analogous ethical or moral debates regarding health care in your country? What are some examples?
--How might the provinces implementing these new AIDS treatment programs for pregnant women influence the government at the national level?
--Do you agree with Barbara Kenyon's wish that Lionel Mtshali's defiance of the government in the hopes of saving lives will start "a whole tidal wave of people standing up for what's right"? Why or why not?
4. WRAP-UP/HOMEWORK: Before class ends, create a list on the board of all of the people (either specific names or general groups) that are directly and indirectly named in the article (including, but not limited to, Lionel Mtshali, President Mbeki, Dr. Nono Simelela, Barbara Kenyon, South African women with AIDS, unborn babies, doctors who support the "quiet distribution" of drugs, and the South African government.) Try to list as many people as there are students in the class. Then, assign or have each student select a name from the list and write, in that person's voice, a brief reaction to the article. Students should share their writing in a future class.
Further Questions for Discussion:
--After contesting Brazil's manufacture of generic AIDS drugs in defiance of pharmaceutical patent laws in 2001, the United States found itself facing its own ethical dilemma regarding the patented drug Cipro to combat the anthrax scare later that same year. Should the United States be allowed to mass-produce generic antibiotics for its citizens in the case of future biological warfare when it has condemned other countries for doing the same to fight AIDS epidemics? Why or why not?
--How do you think other countries around the world should respond to the debate in South Africa? Why?
--What other instances can you think of in which leaders defied existing policies or laws in order to fight for what they believed to be the "common good"?
Evaluation / Assessment:
Students will be evaluated based on initial journal responses, participation in class discussions, and first-person reaction pieces.
renegade, courtly, gilded, provincial, defy, province, advocates, defiance, musings, pandemic, constituents, ravaged, reluctant, concurred, forged
Extension Activities:
1. Create an encyclopedia entry about political parties in South Africa. The ANC, or African National Congress, and the IFP, or Inkatha Freedom Party, are both mentioned in this article. You may wish to include a section on the changing role of parties since the end of the apartheid system.
2. There are several international organizations that focus on the treatment of babies and children with AIDS and children orphaned by AIDS. As a class or school, choose one and stage a fund drive to benefit this cause.
3. Former South African president Nelson Mandela is mentioned in the article. Write a biographical overview of this leader, focusing on his contributions to South African history.
4. Invite a person with H.I.V. or AIDS to speak to your class, or interview him or her for your school paper. What can you do, as an individual, to contribute to the awareness of the disease and its treatments in your community?
5. Create a map of South Africa, divided by provinces, noting the main cities as well as the terrain and climate of each.
6. Develop an informational pamphlet geared to inform students your age and younger about what H.I.V. and AIDS are, how H.I.V. is contracted, current treatments, and important statistics.
Interdisciplinary Connections:
Media Studies- In the film "John Q," a father decides to break the law in an attempt to save his son's life. Watch the film or read a review of it, and then write a personal response. What would you do if faced with this dilemma?
Mathematics- Chart three countries' AIDS statistics over the past five years in such categories as number of H.I.V. positive babies born, number of AIDS related deaths, and number of citizens with AIDS. Based on your chart, can you predict any future changes in regard to the impact of AIDS on these countries?
Science- Diagram the process by which the nevirapine drug works to sustain human life and prevent transmission from H.I.V.-infected mothers to their babies.
Other Information on the Web
AIDS Education Global Information System (AEGIS) (http://www.aegis.com) is the world's largest HIV/AIDS knowledgebase.
Journal of American Medical Association (http://www.ama-assn.org/special/hiv/hivhome.htm) offers an extensive HIV/AIDS Information Center.
The World Health Organization (http://www.who.int) seeks to meet the objective of the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health.
Academic Content Standards:
Grades 6-8
Geography Standard 15- Understands how physical systems affect human systems. Benchmark: Knows the ways in which human systems develop in response to conditions in the physical environment; Knows how the physical environment affects life in different regions; Understands relationships between population density and environmental quality; Knows the effects of natural hazards on human systems in different regions of the United States and the world
Connect to State Standard
Health Standard 1- Knows the availability and effective use of health services, products, and information. Benchmarks: Knows the costs and validity of common health products, services, and information; Knows how to locate and use community health information, products, and services that provide valid health information; Knows community health consumer organizations and the advocacy services they provide; Knows situations that require professional health services
Health Standard 2- Knows environmental and external factors that affect individual and community health. Benchmark: Knows cultural beliefs, socioeconomic considerations, and other environmental factors within a community that influence the health of its members
Health Standard 8- Knows essential concepts about the prevention and control of disease. Benchmark: Understands how lifestyle, pathogens, family history, and other risk factors are related to the cause or prevention of disease and other health problems
Grades 9-12
Geography Standard 15- Understands how physical systems affect human systems. Benchmarks: Knows changes in the physical environment that have reduced the capacity of the environment to support human activity; Knows factors that affect people's attitudes, perceptions, and responses toward natural hazards
Connect to State Standard
Health Standard 1- Knows the availability and effective use of health services, products, and information. Benchmark: Knows factors that influence personal selection of health care resources, products, and services
Health 2- Knows environmental and external factors that affect individual and community health. Benchmarks: Understands how the environment influences the health of the community; Understands how the prevention and control of health problems are influenced by research and medical advances; Understands how cultural diversity enriches and challenges health behaviors
Health 8- Knows essential concepts about the prevention and control of disease. Benchmarks: Understands how the immune system functions to prevent or combat disease; Understands the importance of prenatal and perinatal care to both the mother and the child; Understands the social, economic, and political effects of disease on individuals, families, and communities
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Game To Nominate: Can you name the one-syllable words which rhyme with B, C, D, E, G, P, T, V and Z (US)?
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Mini Professional Photography Course: Aperture
The Basics
Aperture refers to the diameter of the camera lens opening that lets light pass through to the sensor or film. Aperture is expressed as a ratio between the diameter of that opening and the lens' focal length. Larger focal length numbers or f-stopsindicate a smaller opening (which means less light hits the sensor). Conversely, smaller f-numbers indicate larger openings.
The standard range of full f-stops is f/22, f/16, f/11, f/8.0, f/5.6, f/4.0, f/2.8, f/2.0, f/1.8. Each full stop up (wider) doubles the amount of light coming through the lens and vice-versa.
The f-numbers also indicate relative depth-of-field, which refers to the range of the photograph that will be acceptably sharp. Larger numbers indicate greater depth of field (meaning that more of the picture will be in focus), while smaller numbers indicate a shallower depth of field.
Proper exposure is achieved with a specific combination of aperture, ISO, and shutter settings ensuring that the right amount of light hits the sensor. That combination is possible with a variety of aperture, ISO, and shutter settings, but the total amount of light reaching the sensor must be the same.
For example, if proper exposure required an aperture of f/2.0 and a shutter speed of 1/500s at ISO 200, a smaller aperture of f/2.8 would require a twice as much time (1/250s) to get the same exposure. And, although the exposures would be identical, depth of field would be different in each photo.
Putting it into Practice
Practice is the best way to understand the relationships between time, aperture, and depth-of-field. The following steps will help you get the most out of your test shots:
1. Mount your camera on a tripod near a table.
2. Place three objects on the table at different distances from the camera.
3.Manually focus your lens on the object that is farthest away from the camera, and open the aperture to its widest setting.
4. Using either the camera's internal light meter or a handheld meter, set the shutter speed for correct exposure and ISO and take a picture. Although DSLR's allow you to change the ISO from shot to shot, this exercise will be more effective if you stick with one. If you are using film you will need to write down your settings with each shot in order to analyze your results.
5. Decrease the aperture one full stop down (which will cut the light in half) and double the exposure time. Take another photo. Continue adjusting the aperture and shutter speed throughout the aperture sequence.
6. Because the camera is on a tripod, it should be possible to stop the aperture all the way down and leave the lens open for much longer without any noticeable camera shake, so when you review your photos, contrast the differences in depth-of-field.
7. Use this same procedure to experiment with aperture and exposure as well.
Getting Creative
Once you understand the basics, experiment in the real world. Try a wider aperture and shallower depth-of-field to isolate your subjects. Use smaller apertures to capture all the detail in your composition.
Popular Cameras for High Quality Photos:
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1. Hobbies & Games
Foreign Language Crosswords
Foreign language crossword puzzles for all ages and levels of ability. Crossword puzzles in various languages : French, German, Italian, Spanish. Good vocabulary builders for language students.
1. French Crossword Puzzles (11)
2. German Crossword Puzzles (8)
3. Italian Crossword Puzzles (4)
4. Spanish Crossword Puzzles (10)
Sanasepot (The Wordsmiths)
The most popular type of crossword in Finland is the picture crossword. Available only in Finnish.
SkorDisk Enigmatika
Online games such as crosswords, mazes, 'find a word' games, knight jumps, cryptic crosswords and a couple types specific to the Serbian language. No need for Serbian fonts or keyboard to use the site.
©2014 About.com. All rights reserved.
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Li Zhaodao
The topic Li Zhaodao is discussed in the following articles:
development of jinbi shanshui
• TITLE: jinbi shanshui (Chinese art)
• TITLE: Chinese painting
SECTION: Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907) dynasties
The more than three centuries of the Sui and Tang were a period of progress and change in landscape painting. The early 7th- and 8th-century masters Zhan Ziqian, Li Sixun, and the latter’s son Li Zhaodao developed a style of landscape painting known as qinglübai (“green, blue, white”) or jinbi...
relationship to Li Sixun
• TITLE: Li Sixun (Chinese painter)
Li was related to the Tang imperial family, led an active political life including exile and restoration, and was given the honorary rank of general. His son, Li Zhaodao, was also a famous painter, and thus the father is sometimes called Big General Li and the son Little General Li. While no genuine works survive, both Li Sixun and Li Zhaodao are known to have painted in a highly decorative and...
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MARK HYMAN, MD is dedicated to identifying and addressing the root causes of chronic illness through a groundbreaking whole-systems medicine approach called Functional Medicine. A four-time New York Times bestselling author, through his private practice, education efforts, writing, research, and advocacy, he empowers others to stop managing symptoms and start treating the underlying causes of illness.
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| Sports
Larger text Larger text Smaller text Smaller text | Order Photo Reprints
Bylsma at 4 years: 'It can be a positive thing to get a message across'
About Rob Rossi
Picture Rob Rossi 412-380-5635
NHL/Penguins Reporter
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
By Rob Rossi
Published: Friday, Feb. 15, 2013, 12:01 a.m.
Dan Bylsma talked coaching philosophy for the fourth anniversary of his hiring by the Penguins
Q: How does a so-called players coach go about effectively delivering a message?
A: If you're looking to say I snap and break a stick to get people's attention, I don't. We get attention every day with what we're trying to do as a team, and as a coach, that communication level is what's important. Having a piece of video is not a good or a bad thing. It's about getting better. This is what you do, this is what we are — and you get that message across whether it's in a stern voice or showing a video. If I'm sending a message, that's how it would come, but it's not always a negative thing. It can be a positive thing to get a message across.
Q: You are a published author, but what does the concept of narrative mean to you as a hockey coach?
A: If I was going to give a motivational speech, I could talk about what happened to the Pittsburgh Penguins when I came in February 2009. We didn't like the picture of our team, the narrative of that team. We set about changing that. We were something different than that. We could be something different than that. We painted the picture and outlined the story before we did anything else. We didn't change Xs and Os. We talked about having 25 games to write the story. We had one game against the Boston Bruins, and that was the only time we were going to play them the rest of the year, and they were the best in the East, and that was our one game to let them know. We talked about how at the end of 25 games they were going to write a story about us, but we could write that story.
As a coach, you talk about painting a picture of who you are, what you want to be, how you want to play — and you go about smaller parts of that and coach systems to be like that. When our players talk about “our game,” that's the picture; we've all joked about “getting to our game,” but that's a picture we have painted and the story of how we want to play, and we do it. That's who we are. To me, that's the big picture/small parts narrative of coaching that I think, really, is imperative to building your team.
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Advancing the possibilities for body, dance and light collaborations, the Lighting Choreographer is a pioneering LED system that will change the way dancers relate to and approach light and body participation.
Using the Light Choreographer, performers can create specific LED light configurations and configure those patterns to their dance moves on stage. The result is an awe-inspiring performance combining skillful dance choreography and experimental technology.
The embedded video illustrates the potential that the Light Choreographer can offer, especially in regards to large dance performances. This two-person dance troupe does an impressive presentation showcasing the visually austere capabilities of this new form of live art. The juxtaposition between light and dark, vibrant colors and explosive movements will surely be at the forefront in upcoming developments in dance culture.
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Subscribe English
look up any word, like hipster:
any neighborhood where there are four definite party houses that seemingly form a diamond or rhombus shape when you're drunk. you can always crash at any of the four points and often times the partiers live within the legs.
"Where are we going to party tonight?"
"The rhombus is throwing a rager!"
"Which point on the rhombus?"
"Pink house on the north"
"Sweet, I hate crashing there though, so i'll probably crash at one of the other points"
by bertsbot92109 September 06, 2009
7 1
Words related to the rhombus:
crew house party rager rhombus rock
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Absolute Dispersion and Relative Dispersion?
Absolute measures are often presented within original data and can be expressed in units. Relative measures is a pure number that is not expressed in units. In other words, the main dispersion between both absolute and relative measures is that absolute is the exact number while relative measures are numbers that have been rounded to give a better understanding of any given results.
Q&A Related to "Absolute Dispersion and Relative Dispersion?"
well if you really want to know, ASK SOMEONE ELSE 'CUZ I HAVE NO DANG IDEA!!!
1. Determine the arithmetic mean of your data set by adding all of the individual values of the set together and dividing by the total number of values. 2. Square the difference between
( də′spər·zhən ri′lā·shən ) (nuclear physics) A relation between the cross section for a given effect and the de Broglie wavelength
If you are reading these words, you are using the phenomenon of refraction
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'Knock Back' - A Knock Echoing Arduino
This is a simple Arduino sketch that was originally designed to experiment with arrays and the built-in timing functionality. I based it on the tutorial sample code
The system consists of a piezo sensor connected to an analog pin that listens for a knock from the user. The Arduino then stores the time the knock occurred in an array. After a predefined time without further knocks occurring, the Arduino will 'play back' the knocks on a buzzer and LED in time to the original knocking pattern.
The device could be expanded to include a stepper motor or similar suitable output that would recreate the knocks exactly, just replace the output buzzer.
You could also use the piezo input sensor as the output buzzer by altering the code.
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Step 2: Assemble
Picture of Assemble
The configuration of the device is fairly simple.
1. Connect the LED to pin 9 (via the resistor) and GND.
2. Connect the output buzzer to pin 8 and GND.
3. Connect the knock senzor to analog pin 0 AND GND.
4. Connect your 1M resistor to the positive wire of the knock sensor and GND. This is used as a pull-down resistor.
Note: Be sure to check that my resistor recommendations are correct for the components you are using, including the lack of resistors on the two piezo buzzers.
azharz7 months ago
Very nicely done.
dan_nicholson (author) 7 months ago
It's a SainSmart UNO (an arduino clone)
Ma77h3w7 months ago
what type of arduino is that?
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Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Galactosemia 05/01/2011
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency; Galactokinase deficiency; Galactose-6-phosphate epimerase deficiency Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Galactosemia is an inherited disorder. This means it is passed down through families. It occurs in approximately 1 out of every 60,000 births among Caucasians. The rate is different for other groups.
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Gallstones 08/11/2011
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Ganglioneuroblastoma 02/07/2012
Ganglioneuroblastoma is an intermediate tumor that grows nerve tissue. An intermediate tumor is one that is between benign (slow-growing and unlikely to spread) and malignant (fast-growing, aggressive, and likely to spread). Causes, incidence, and risk factors: This rare tumor occurs in less than 5 out of every 1,000,000 children each year. Tumors of the nervous system have different degrees of differentiation. The degree of differentiation is based on how the tumor cells look under the microscope.
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Ganglioneuroma 08/29/2012
Ganglioneuroma is a tumor of the peripheral nervous system. Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Ganglioneuromas are rare tumors that most frequently start in the autonomic nerve cells, which may be in any part of the body. The tumor are usually noncancerous (benign). Ganglioneuromas usually occur in people ages 10 to 40. They grow slowly, and may release certain chemicals or hormones. There are no known risk factors. However, the tumors may be associated with some genetic problems, such as neurofibromatosis type 1.
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Gangrene 08/24/2011
Gangrene is the death of tissue in part of the body. Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Gangrene happens when a body part loses its blood supply. This may happen from injury, an infection, or other causes. You have a higher risk for gangrene if you have: A serious injury Blood vessel disease (such as arteriosclerosis, also called hardening of the arteries, in your arms or legs) Diabetes Suppressed immune system (for example, from HIV or chemotherapy) Surgery Symptoms: The symptoms depend on the location and cause of the gangrene.
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Gas gangrene 12/06/2011
Tissue infection - Clostridial; Gangrene - gas; Myonecrosis; Clostridial infection of tissues Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Gas gangrene is rare in the United States. The condition is most often caused by a bacteria called Clostridium perfringens. However, it also can be caused by Group A streptococcus. Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio vulnificus can cause similar infections.
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Gastric cancer 11/17/2012
Cancer - stomach; Stomach cancer; Gastric carcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of the stomach Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Several types of cancer can occur in the stomach. The most common type is called adenocarcinoma. It starts from one of the common cell types found in the lining of the stomach. This article focuses on adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract worldwide.
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Gastritis 01/31/2011
Gastritis occurs when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen. Gastritis can last for only a short time (acute gastritis), or linger for months to years (chronic gastritis). Causes, incidence, and risk factors: The most common causes of gastritis are: Certain medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen, when taken over a longer period of time Drinking too much alcohol Infection of the stomach with a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori Less common causes are: Autoimmune disorders (such as pernicious anemia ) Backflow of bile into the stomach (bile reflux) Cocaine abuse Eating or drinking caustic or corrosive substances (such as poisons) Extreme stress Viral infection, such as cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, especially in people with a weak immune system Trauma or a severe, sudden illness such as major surgery, kidney failure, or being placed on a breathing machine may cause gastritis.
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Gastroesophageal reflux disease 08/11/2011
Peptic esophagitis; Reflux esophagitis; GERD; Heartburn - chronic; Dyspepsia - GERD Causes, incidence, and risk factors: When you eat, food passes from the throat to the stomach through the esophagus (also called the food pipe or swallowing tube).
Health Illustrated Encyclopedia Multimedia Gastroesophageal reflux in infants 08/02/2011
Reflux - infants Causes, incidence, and risk factors: When a person eats, food passes from the throat to the stomach through the esophagus. The esophagus is called the food pipe or swallowing tube.
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Document Sample
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OXIDE NANOPARTICLES, Vikas Gumber , Prem P. Vaishnava* , Gavin Lawes* , Rajesh K.
1 1 1 3 1 1
Regmi , Correy C. Black , Ambesh Dixit , Vaman M. Naik , Ratna Naik , Sudakar Chandran ,
Wayne State University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, Detroit, MI 48202, Kettering
2 3
University , Flint, MI 48504, University of Michigan-Dearborn , Department of Natural Sciences,
Dearborn, MI 48128,,
Ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 10 to 100 nm have been
investigated for several decades, in part due to their potential in a number of biomedical
applications. These applications include targeted-drug delivery, where the nanoparticles could
carry attached drug molecules to the disease site, hyperthermia, where the particles produce
local heating when exposed to an ac magnetic field, which could be used for treating tumors, and
as contrast agents for MRI, among others . The use of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical
applications is feasible because dextran and other polymer coated magnetite nanoparticles have
been shown to be biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic. However, before magnetic
nanoparticles can be used for many of these applications, it is necessary to understand the
hydrodynamic response of these materials, the key element of which is measuring the
hydrodynamic radius of the composite molecule (Iron oxide coated with polymers). A number of
methods, including dynamical light scattering (DLS) and ac magnetic susceptibility (ACMS), have
been used by researchers for determining the hydrodynamic radius of these systems. However,
these different measurement techniques often yield diverging values, which are often larger than
the expected maximum possible size for the coated nanoparticles. One factor that can account
for these discrepancies is that some of these values depend on the viscosity of the carrier liquid
in which these nanoparticles are suspended. Any interaction between the carrier liquid (water in
the present study) and the composite nanoparticle could potentially alter the effective viscosity of
the solution, leading to values considerably larger than the bulk viscosity. The Stokes-Einstein
k BT
equation, D = , which is the basis for extracting the nanoparticle size for the two most
widely used techniques (DLS and ACMS), does not take into account the significant difference
between the bulk and nanoscale effective viscosity. We propose that this change in viscosity
could produce the experimental discrepancies observed. To test our hypothesis, we prepared
magnetite nanoparticles having a diameter of roughly 12 nm using a co-precipitation method.
These nanoparticles were then coated with dextran molecules of different molecular weights,
including: 5 kDa, 15-20 kDa, 60-90 kDa, and 670 kDa. The hydrodynamic radii obtained through
DLS, using the bulk value for viscosity, were 91 nm, 100 nm, 106 nm, and 132 nm, respectively.
Using the ACMS method, again with the bulk value for viscosity, we extracted effective sizes of
105 nm, 113 nm, 122 nm, and 136 nm, respectively. These sizes are approximately twice as
large as expected given the iron oxide nanoparticle size and surfactant molecular chain length, at
least for the lower molecular weight dextran. At higher molecular weights, there is known to be
complex folding of the dextran polymers, which dramatically changes the chain lengths .
Comparing the results of hydrodynamic studies of all the dextran coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles,
particularly the 5 kDa dextran coated sample, with the expected particle sizes, we conclude that
the effective viscosity for the coated nanoparticles may be different than the bulk viscosity of the
carrier liquid. However, by increasing the effective viscosity by a factor of two in the Stoke-
Einstein equation as compared to the bulk value, one can obtain better agreement between the
hydrodynamically measured nanoparticle sizes and the predicted sizes.
Pankhurst Q. A., Connolly J., Jones S. K., and Dobson J. Applications of magnetic
nanoparticles in biomedicine. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 36, 167 (2003).
Kawaguchi T. and Hasegawa M. Structure of dextran ± magnetite complex: relation between
conformation of dextran chains covering core and its molecular weight. Journal of
Material Science: Materials in Medicine. 11, 31 (2000).
V. Gumber would like to acknowledge support from NSF-REU grant No. EEC-0552772.
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| 0.720789 |
Social Work
Holloway Hall
Foundation Curriculum Objectives
The MSW program foundation courses are designed to provide students with opportunities to develop generalist practice skills by meeting the following objectives. Upon completion of the foundation curriculum, graduates will be able to:
1. Apply the social work generalist perspective to practice with individuals, families, groups, communities and organizations
2. Demonstrate beginning level of cultural understanding appropriate to the practice setting
3. Practice without discrimination with respect to client’s age, class, color, culture, disability, ethnicity, family structure, gender, marital status, national origin, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation
4. Communicate effectively across client systems
5. Understand and demonstrate the importance of confidentiality with respect to clients
6. Practice consistent with the value base and ethical guidelines of the profession
7. Use supervision and consultation appropriate to effective and ethical practice
8. Work constructively within an organization
9. Seek organizational change when necessary
10. Apply critical thinking skills to generalist practice
11. Can demonstrate understanding of mechanisms that influence policies
12. Understand how the history of the social welfare system has influenced the development of the current social welfare system
13. Analyze the impact of social welfare policies on client systems of all sizes
14. Understand the forms and mechanisms of oppression and discrimination
15. Use theoretical frameworks supported by empirical evidence to understand interactions between or among individuals, families, groups, organizations and communities
16. Design and carry out an evaluation of one’s own practice
17. Demonstrate the ability to conduct client assessment with appreciation for the importance of strength perspective in the planned change process.
18. Demonstrate the ability to practice interventions with appreciation for the importance of strength perspective in the planned change process.
19. Apply research findings to practice
20. Use understanding of human bio-psycho-social-spiritual development across the life-span in assessment.
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| 0.998813 |
Game To Nominate: Can you name the correct answers to survive to the end of the Hunger Games bunker and become a victor??
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__label__pos
| 0.978192 |
0 pts ended
A 450g rubber ball is dropped from 2.0m above the floor. After the bounce, the ball only rises to a height of 1.5m above the floor. A. Determine the change in momentum of the ball when it hits the floor and bounces up. B. Calculate the amount of heat generated when the ball hits the floor. C. Explain how momentum is conserved when the ball collides with the floor. (hint: either use motion equations or conservation of energy to determine the speed of the ball when it reaches the floor.)
Answers (1)
• Anonymous
Rating:5 stars
View this solution... try Chegg Study
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__label__pos
| 0.998146 |
Fractal structure of ceria nanopowders
Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory 1, Moscow, 119899 Russia
Inorganic Materials (Impact Factor: 0.38). 04/2008; 44(3):272-277. DOI:10.1134/S0020168508030114
ABSTRACT The formation of ceria nanoparticles from water-alcohol solutions of cerium(III) nitrate has been studied by UV/VIS spectroscopy,
low-temperature nitrogen adsorption measurements, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and thermal analysis,
and the effect of high-temperature annealing on the fractal structure of the CeO2 nanopowders has been examined.
0 0
• [show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), as compared to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), improves tolerance to impurities in the fuel, but also creates challenges in the development of suitable materials for the various fuel cell components. In response to these challenges, intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) are being developed to reduce high-temperature material requirements, which will extend useful lifetime, improve durability and reduce cost, while maintaining good fuel flexibility. A major challenge in reducing the operating temperature of SOFCs is the development of solid electrolyte materials with sufficient conductivity to maintain acceptably low ohmic losses during operation. In this paper, solid electrolytes being developed for solid oxide fuel cells, including zirconia-, ceria- and lanthanum gallate-based materials, are reviewed and compared. The focus is on the conductivity, but other issues, such as compatibility with electrode materials, are also discussed.
Journal of Power Sources 01/2006; 162(1):30-40. · 4.68 Impact Factor
• [show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The influence of the ceria catalysts preparation method on their structure and activity in water gas shift reaction has been studied. Ceria supports were prepared by the precipitation method from aqueous and organic solutions (e.g. alcohols) and the impregnation method used for active metal loading. Ceria catalysts were also prepared, by the coprecipitation method for total concentration of nitrate salts ranging from 0.006 to 0.18 mol/L. All catalysts were tested under conditions of the water gas shift (WGS) reaction. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD and SEM analyses and their activities were tested in a flow reactor in the temperature range of 150–350 °C with gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) in the range of 750–16,000 h−1. The catalysts prepared by the coprecipitation method present the highest activity.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 01/2006;
• Source
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Research in the field of automotive exhaust catalysis has paralleled the broader growth in heterogeneous catalysis research—beginning in the 1960s, progressing through commercialization in the mid-1970s, and continuing today. The general trend has been one of increasingly complex catalyst formulations in response to increasingly stringent emission standards. Nowhere is this more evident than in the various means that have been employed to most effectively utilize the noble metal components. These efforts will continue, but with greater emphasis on optimizing catalyst formulations for lean-burn applications and reducing catalyst cost and complexity without sacrificing performance.
Journal of Catalysis. 01/2003;
Available from
Apr 4, 2013
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| 0.742604 |
zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
a & b logic and
a | b logic or
!ab logic not
abc* right wildcard
"ab c" phrase
(ab c) parentheses
any anywhere an internal document identifier
au author, editor ai internal author identifier
ti title la language
so source ab review, abstract
py publication year rv reviewer
cc MSC code ut uncontrolled term
Jointly hyponormal pairs of commuting subnormal operators need not be jointly subnormal. (English) Zbl 1115.47020
The authors construct three different families of commuting pairs of subnormal operators, jointly hyponormal but not admitting commuting normal extensions. Each such family can be used to answer in the negative a conjecture of R. E. Curto, P. S. Muhly and J.–B. Xia [Oper. Theory, Adv. Appl. 35, 1–22 (1988; Zbl 0681.47005)]. They also obtain a sufficient condition under which joint hyponormality does imply joint subnormality.
47B20Subnormal operators, hyponormal operators, etc.
47A13Several-variable spectral theory
28A50Integration and disintegration of measures
44A60Moment problems (integral transforms)
47-04Machine computation, programs (operator theory)
47A20Dilations, extensions and compressions of linear operators
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__label__pos
| 0.864314 |
Starlight Bracelet
Style: 27926526
Flanked by delicate filigree and gleaming crystals on each side, a stunning topaz Swarovski crystal winks from the center of this statement bracelet. From Paris by Debra Moreland. Fold-over clasp. Rhodium plated brass, gold plated brass, Swarovski crystal. 7.5"L, 0.5"W; 1.5" pendant. Handmade in USA.
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| 0.883382 |
Organization Of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries - OAPEC
Dictionary Says
Definition of 'Organization Of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries - OAPEC '
An inter-governmental organization based in Kuwait that seeks to foster cooperation among the 11 Arab oil-exporting nations that are its members, and develop their petroleum industry.
Investopedia Says
Investopedia explains 'Organization Of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries - OAPEC '
OAPEC was established in 1968 by Kuwait, Libya and Saudi Arabia. Its other members include: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, Syria, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates. Although they have several members in common, OAPEC is a separate and distinct entity from OPEC (the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), the 12-nation cartel that plays a pivotal part in determining global petroleum prices.
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Learn how governments adjust taxes and spending to moderate the economy.
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__label__pos
| 0.805181 |
Simon Capelen
I work as a sculptor, preferring to work in wood. It is important to me that each piece has its own unique qualities and energies. My work is often inspired by natural forms, such as a broken shell, found on a beach, or a twisted seed pod seen on holiday. I usually “rough out” the basic shape using chainsaws and power tools, before moving on to hand carving with traditional tools. Almost all of my sculpture is designed to be tactile, and I often spend a lengthy period getting the surface finish that I consider is required. During manufacturing, it sometimes becomes necessary to alter the form, to take into account some unique aspect, or “fault”, in the timber; thus ensuring that each piece has its own individual voice. You have to be able to “listen” to the material to fully understand and work with it.
|
__label__pos
| 0.731627 |
Titleist Casual Clothing
This is the image that sparked my interest http://www.titleist.com/teamtitleist/resized-image.ashx/__size/550x0/__key/CommunityServer-Blogs-Components-WeblogFiles/00-00-00-00-19/7457.ttprizes.jpg
|
__label__pos
| 0.995377 |
Kirkus Star
Awarded to Books of Exceptional Merit
Kids Who Write [showing slide 15 of 15]
by Jan Siebold
"From the first sentence ("I hate writing") to the last, the tone of the book is engaging and true to life; Richard not only gains understanding, but discovers his own voice as well. (Fiction. 9-12)"
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__label__pos
| 0.980892 |
NAME: ________________________
American Government Amendments Test
Question Types
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Question Limit
of 17 available terms
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6 Written Questions
6 Multiple Choice Questions
1. The popular election of Senators
2. Income taxes
3. Presidential electors for the District of Columbia
4. Prohibition
5. The repeal of prohibition
6. Women's right to vote
5 True/False Questions
1. Amendment 12Income taxes
2. Amendment 24Presidential electors for the District of Columbia
3. Amendment 13Prohibition of slavery
4. Amendment 11The popular election of Senators
5. Amendment 14Citizenship, due process, and equal protection of the laws
Create Set
|
__label__pos
| 0.99975 |
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