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The Disney Dream ship sets sail . Jake and the Never Land Pirates The Suite Life Movie Lemonade Mouth Phineas and Ferb the Movie : Across the 2nd Dimension Good Luck Charlie , It 's Christmas Minnie 's Bow - Toons Sharpay 's Fabulous Adventure Once Upon a Time Disney Universe Geek Charming Lego Pirates of the Caribbean : The Video Game Jessie So Random ! Kinect Disneyland Adventures Kickin ' It Fort Boyard : Ultimate Challenge A.N.T. Farm Austin & Ally 2012 March 23 : The anthology series is revived for a fourth time . Disney Channel ends Wizards of Waverly Place , now beating That 's So Raven as the longest running Disney Channel Original Series to date . Disney Junior launches its own spin - off channel , replacing SoapNet on some providers , but not on all providers . Rich Ross resigns as Chairman of The Walt Disney Studios , and is replaced by Alan F. Horn . Disney acquires Lucasfilm from George Lucas , including its Star Wars and Indiana Jones properties for approximately $4.06 billion . John Carter Marvel 's The Avengers Brave Frankenweenie Wreck - It Ralph Lincoln Disney California Adventure is re-dedicated . The Disney Fantasy ship sets sail Frenemies Radio Rebel Let It Shine Lab Rats Kingdom Hearts 3D : Dream Drop Distance Epic Mickey 2 : The Power of Two Gravity Falls Code : 9 Dog With a Blog Tron : Uprising Crash & Bernstein Randy Cunningham : 9th Grade Ninja Epic Mickey : Power of Illusion Doc McStuffins Sofia the First Ultimate Spider - Man ( TV series ) 2013 Disney Cinemagic replaced with Sky Movies Disney at 18 : 00 on 28 March 2013 in United Kingdom . Disney Interactive Studios shuts down development studio Junction Point Studios following the disappointing sales of Epic Mickey 2 : The Power of Two . Lucasfilm closes its video game division LucasArts . Frozen became the highest grossing animated feature , passing both The Lion King and Toy Story 3 Oz the Great and Powerful Iron Man 3 Monsters University The Lone Ranger Thor : The Dark World Frozen Saving Mr. Banks Mystic Point opened at Hong Kong Disneyland | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company&oldid=854407697 | -4,882,024,358,836,266,000 | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Notable Business Events </Th> <Th> Notable Theatrical Releases </Th> <Th> Notable Theme Park / destination Openings </Th> <Th> Other Premieres </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies , beginning the Disney company under its original name `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' , with brothers Walt and Roy Disney , as equal partners . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First Alice 's comedy , Alice 's Wonderland , was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' changes name to `` The Walt Disney Studio '' shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt loses the Oswald 's series contract . </Li> <Li> Walt and Roy come up with Mickey and Minnie Mouse . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy </Li> <Li> Steamboat Willie ( the first synchronized sound cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On December 16 , `` The Walt Disney Studio '' is replaced by `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd '' . Three other companies , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' , are also formed . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Skeleton Dance ( the first Silly Symphonies cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved to Columbia Pictures </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from Columbia Pictures to United Artists </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Flowers and Trees ( the first Technicolor cartoon and first animated short to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1932 ) </Li> <Li> Mickey 's Revue ( which features the premiere of Goofy , originally called `` Dippy Dawg '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Little Pigs ( winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1933 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Wise Little Hen ( which features the premiere of Donald Duck ) </Li> <Li> The Tortoise and the Hare ( Winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1934 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from United Artists to RKO Radio Pictures . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's first feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On September 29 , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' and `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd . '' are merged to form `` Walt Disney Productions '' . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Studio moves to Burbank , California </Li> <Li> Company goes public </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pinocchio </Li> <Li> Fantasia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A bitter animators ' strike occurs </Li> <Li> The studio begins making morale - boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dumbo </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bambi </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saludos Amigos </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The company is short on money ; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much - needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Three Caballeros ( The first live action / cartoons Disney film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Make Mine Music </Li> <Li> Song of the South </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fun and Fancy Free </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The True - Life Adventures nature film series begins ; it lasts until 1960 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Melody Time </Li> <Li> Seal Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio begins production on its first all - live action feature , Treasure Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> licensed Ice Capades Disney segment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cinderella </Li> <Li> Treasure Island ( Disney 's first live - action film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alice in Wonderland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Uncle Scrooge comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` WED Enterprises '' is formed to control the rights to `` Disney '' and hold the Disneyland design team . It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland , including the Disneyland Monorail System and the Disneyland Railroad . </Li> <Li> Disney makes the Disneyland programming deal with American Broadcasting - Paramount Theatres to fund Disneyland . </Li> <Li> Other Disneyland investors were Walt Disney / WED and Western Publishing </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Pan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio ends its distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures and founds Buena Vista Film Distribution Company , Inc. to distribute its feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland anthology TV series on ABC ( First Disney TV program & Disneyland funding program ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lady and the Tramp </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland opens in Anaheim , California . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse Club ( ABC - TV ) </Li> <Li> Magic Kingdom ( ABC Radio ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Old Yeller </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Zorro ( ABC ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sleeping Beauty </Li> <Li> The Shaggy Dog </Li> <Li> Darby O'Gill and the Little People </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pollyanna </Li> <Li> Swiss Family Robinson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio purchases the film and merchandise rights to A.A. Milne 's Winnie - the - Pooh books , which are a huge source of revenue ( as well as litigation issues ) to this day . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> One Hundred and One Dalmatians </Li> <Li> The Absent - Minded Professor </Li> <Li> The Parent Trap </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Sword in the Stone </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room opens at Disneyland . This is the first attraction to feature audio - animatronics . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mary Poppins ( the first Disney film to receive a Best Picture Academy Award nomination ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disney News begins publication </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September : Walt Disney is diagnosed with lung cancer ; died on December 15 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | 1923 | -4882024358836266211_15 | false | The original Disney movies came out in 1923. |
Mystic Point opened at Hong Kong Disneyland Disney Infinity Liv and Maddie Teen Beach Movie DuckTales : Remastered Mickey Mouse ( 2013 TV series ) Henry Hugglemonster Wander Over Yonder Avengers Assemble Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix The Wizards Return : Alex vs. Alex Mighty Med 2014 Frozen wins the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 86th Academy Awards , becoming the first win in the category for Walt Disney Animation Studios . Big Hero 6 is the first Disney animated feature to use the in - credit text that it was created and produced at Walt Disney Animation Studios . Disney acquired Maker Studios for $500 million . Muppets Most Wanted Captain America : The Winter Soldier Maleficent Guardians of the Galaxy Big Hero 6 Into the Woods The 7D Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix Fantasia : Music Evolved I Did n't Do It Kirby Buckets Star Wars Rebels Win , Lose or Draw Girl Meets World Sheriff Callie 's Wild West Disney Magical World Disney Infinity : Marvel Super Heroes 2015 Big Hero 6 wins the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 87th Academy Awards . Disney combines its Consumer Products and Interactive Media divisions into one unified segment , Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media . Marvel Studios is reorganized under the Walt Disney Studios . Cinderella Tomorrowland Avengers : Age of Ultron Inside Out The Good Dinosaur Ant - Man Bridge of Spies Star Wars : The Force Awakens Penn Zero : Part - Time Hero Star vs. the Forces of Evil K.C. Undercover Miles From Tomorrowland Best Friends Whenever Gamer 's Guide to Pretty Much Everything BUNK 'D Descendants We Love Disney Disney Infinity 3.0 Pickle and Peanut Guardians of the Galaxy The Muppets Gravity Falls : Legend of the Gnome Gemulets The Lion Guard Star Wars : Battlefront 2016 January 12 : ABC Family changes its name to Freeform . April 14 : Construction on a 14 - acre Star Wars - themed land begins at Disneyland and Disney 's Hollywood Studios . DreamWorks ends its film distribution deal with | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company&oldid=854407697 | -4,882,024,358,836,266,000 | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Notable Business Events </Th> <Th> Notable Theatrical Releases </Th> <Th> Notable Theme Park / destination Openings </Th> <Th> Other Premieres </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies , beginning the Disney company under its original name `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' , with brothers Walt and Roy Disney , as equal partners . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First Alice 's comedy , Alice 's Wonderland , was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' changes name to `` The Walt Disney Studio '' shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt loses the Oswald 's series contract . </Li> <Li> Walt and Roy come up with Mickey and Minnie Mouse . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy </Li> <Li> Steamboat Willie ( the first synchronized sound cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On December 16 , `` The Walt Disney Studio '' is replaced by `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd '' . Three other companies , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' , are also formed . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Skeleton Dance ( the first Silly Symphonies cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved to Columbia Pictures </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from Columbia Pictures to United Artists </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Flowers and Trees ( the first Technicolor cartoon and first animated short to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1932 ) </Li> <Li> Mickey 's Revue ( which features the premiere of Goofy , originally called `` Dippy Dawg '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Little Pigs ( winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1933 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Wise Little Hen ( which features the premiere of Donald Duck ) </Li> <Li> The Tortoise and the Hare ( Winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1934 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from United Artists to RKO Radio Pictures . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's first feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On September 29 , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' and `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd . '' are merged to form `` Walt Disney Productions '' . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Studio moves to Burbank , California </Li> <Li> Company goes public </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pinocchio </Li> <Li> Fantasia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A bitter animators ' strike occurs </Li> <Li> The studio begins making morale - boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dumbo </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bambi </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saludos Amigos </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The company is short on money ; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much - needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Three Caballeros ( The first live action / cartoons Disney film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Make Mine Music </Li> <Li> Song of the South </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fun and Fancy Free </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The True - Life Adventures nature film series begins ; it lasts until 1960 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Melody Time </Li> <Li> Seal Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio begins production on its first all - live action feature , Treasure Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> licensed Ice Capades Disney segment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cinderella </Li> <Li> Treasure Island ( Disney 's first live - action film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alice in Wonderland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Uncle Scrooge comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` WED Enterprises '' is formed to control the rights to `` Disney '' and hold the Disneyland design team . It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland , including the Disneyland Monorail System and the Disneyland Railroad . </Li> <Li> Disney makes the Disneyland programming deal with American Broadcasting - Paramount Theatres to fund Disneyland . </Li> <Li> Other Disneyland investors were Walt Disney / WED and Western Publishing </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Pan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio ends its distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures and founds Buena Vista Film Distribution Company , Inc. to distribute its feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland anthology TV series on ABC ( First Disney TV program & Disneyland funding program ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lady and the Tramp </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland opens in Anaheim , California . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse Club ( ABC - TV ) </Li> <Li> Magic Kingdom ( ABC Radio ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Old Yeller </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Zorro ( ABC ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sleeping Beauty </Li> <Li> The Shaggy Dog </Li> <Li> Darby O'Gill and the Little People </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pollyanna </Li> <Li> Swiss Family Robinson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio purchases the film and merchandise rights to A.A. Milne 's Winnie - the - Pooh books , which are a huge source of revenue ( as well as litigation issues ) to this day . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> One Hundred and One Dalmatians </Li> <Li> The Absent - Minded Professor </Li> <Li> The Parent Trap </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Sword in the Stone </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room opens at Disneyland . This is the first attraction to feature audio - animatronics . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mary Poppins ( the first Disney film to receive a Best Picture Academy Award nomination ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disney News begins publication </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September : Walt Disney is diagnosed with lung cancer ; died on December 15 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | 1923 | -4882024358836266211_16 | false | Mystic Point opened at Hong Kong Disneyland in 2013, and in the same year, Frozen won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 86th Academy Awards, marking the first win in the category for Walt Disney Animation Studios. Additionally, Big Hero 6 became the first Disney animated feature to use in-credit text stating that it was created and produced at Walt Disney Animation Studios. In 2014, Disney acquired Maker Studios for $500 million and Muppets Most Wanted, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Maleficent, Guardians of the Galaxy, Big Hero 6, and Into the Woods were released.
In 2015, Big Hero 6 won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 87th Academy Awards. Disney also combined its Consumer Products and Interactive Media divisions into one unified segment, Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media, and reorganized Marvel Studios under the Walt Disney Studios. That year, Cinderella, Tomorrowland, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Inside Out, The Good Dinosaur, Ant-Man, Bridge of Spies, and Star Wars: The Force Awakens were released.
In 2016, ABC Family changed its name to Freeform on January 12, and construction on a 14-acre Star Wars-themed land began at Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios on April 14. Additionally, DreamWorks ended its film distribution deal. |
and Disney 's Hollywood Studios . DreamWorks ends its film distribution deal with Disney . May 10 : Disney Interactive Studios exited from publishing its own games in order to focus on third - party development of video game adaptations of its franchises by other developers . Zootopia The Jungle Book Captain America : Civil War Finding Dory Doctor Strange Moana Rogue One : A Star Wars Story Shanghai Disneyland opens on June 16 Stuck in the Middle Elena of Avalor Adventures in Babysitting Lab Rats : Elite Force Disney Art Academy Kingdom Hearts χ Disney Magical World 2 Backstage ( 2016 TV series ) Bizaardvark Walk the Prank Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue Lego Star Wars : The Force Awakens Lego Star Wars : The Freemaker Adventures Future - Worm ! Milo Murphy 's Law Mech - X4 2017 Zootopia wins the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 89th Academy Awards . Disney ends its deal with Netflix beginning in 2019 . Disney announces that it had exercised an option to increase its stake in BAMTech to 75 % , and would launch a subscription video - on - demand service featuring its entertainment content in 2019 , which will replace Netflix as the subscription VOD rightsholder of all Disney theatrical film releases . John Lasseter announces that he is taking a six - month leave of absence from the company , after acknowledging `` missteps '' in his behavior with employees . Media outlets report that Lasseter had a history of alleged sexual misconduct towards employees . Disney announces its acquisition of key assets and businesses of 21st Century Fox from Rupert Murdoch . Beauty and the Beast Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Cars 3 Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Men Tell No Tales Thor : Ragnarok Coco Star Wars : The Last Jedi Pandora -- The World of Avatar opens at Disney 's Animal Kingdom DuckTales Mickey and the Roadster Racers Big Hero 6 : The Series Tangled : The Series Puppy Dog Pals Andi Mack Cars 3 : Driven to Win Billy Dilley 's Super-Duper Subterranean Summer The Disney Afternoon Collection Raven 's Home Star Wars Battlefront II 2018 Disney announces that Lasseter would leave the company , and that Pete Docter and Jennifer Lee would assume the roles of chief | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company&oldid=854407697 | -4,882,024,358,836,266,000 | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Notable Business Events </Th> <Th> Notable Theatrical Releases </Th> <Th> Notable Theme Park / destination Openings </Th> <Th> Other Premieres </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies , beginning the Disney company under its original name `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' , with brothers Walt and Roy Disney , as equal partners . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First Alice 's comedy , Alice 's Wonderland , was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' changes name to `` The Walt Disney Studio '' shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt loses the Oswald 's series contract . </Li> <Li> Walt and Roy come up with Mickey and Minnie Mouse . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy </Li> <Li> Steamboat Willie ( the first synchronized sound cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On December 16 , `` The Walt Disney Studio '' is replaced by `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd '' . Three other companies , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' , are also formed . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Skeleton Dance ( the first Silly Symphonies cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved to Columbia Pictures </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from Columbia Pictures to United Artists </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Flowers and Trees ( the first Technicolor cartoon and first animated short to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1932 ) </Li> <Li> Mickey 's Revue ( which features the premiere of Goofy , originally called `` Dippy Dawg '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Little Pigs ( winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1933 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Wise Little Hen ( which features the premiere of Donald Duck ) </Li> <Li> The Tortoise and the Hare ( Winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1934 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from United Artists to RKO Radio Pictures . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's first feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On September 29 , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' and `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd . '' are merged to form `` Walt Disney Productions '' . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Studio moves to Burbank , California </Li> <Li> Company goes public </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pinocchio </Li> <Li> Fantasia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A bitter animators ' strike occurs </Li> <Li> The studio begins making morale - boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dumbo </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bambi </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saludos Amigos </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The company is short on money ; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much - needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Three Caballeros ( The first live action / cartoons Disney film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Make Mine Music </Li> <Li> Song of the South </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fun and Fancy Free </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The True - Life Adventures nature film series begins ; it lasts until 1960 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Melody Time </Li> <Li> Seal Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio begins production on its first all - live action feature , Treasure Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> licensed Ice Capades Disney segment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cinderella </Li> <Li> Treasure Island ( Disney 's first live - action film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alice in Wonderland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Uncle Scrooge comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` WED Enterprises '' is formed to control the rights to `` Disney '' and hold the Disneyland design team . It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland , including the Disneyland Monorail System and the Disneyland Railroad . </Li> <Li> Disney makes the Disneyland programming deal with American Broadcasting - Paramount Theatres to fund Disneyland . </Li> <Li> Other Disneyland investors were Walt Disney / WED and Western Publishing </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Pan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio ends its distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures and founds Buena Vista Film Distribution Company , Inc. to distribute its feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland anthology TV series on ABC ( First Disney TV program & Disneyland funding program ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lady and the Tramp </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland opens in Anaheim , California . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse Club ( ABC - TV ) </Li> <Li> Magic Kingdom ( ABC Radio ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Old Yeller </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Zorro ( ABC ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sleeping Beauty </Li> <Li> The Shaggy Dog </Li> <Li> Darby O'Gill and the Little People </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pollyanna </Li> <Li> Swiss Family Robinson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio purchases the film and merchandise rights to A.A. Milne 's Winnie - the - Pooh books , which are a huge source of revenue ( as well as litigation issues ) to this day . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> One Hundred and One Dalmatians </Li> <Li> The Absent - Minded Professor </Li> <Li> The Parent Trap </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Sword in the Stone </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room opens at Disneyland . This is the first attraction to feature audio - animatronics . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mary Poppins ( the first Disney film to receive a Best Picture Academy Award nomination ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disney News begins publication </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September : Walt Disney is diagnosed with lung cancer ; died on December 15 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | 1923 | -4882024358836266211_17 | false | The original Disney movies were released in 1923. |
would leave the company , and that Pete Docter and Jennifer Lee would assume the roles of chief creative officer for Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios , respectively . In June , Comcast announces a $65 billion all cash counter-offer to acquire the Fox assets that Disney was set to purchase . Disney counterbid with a $71.3 billion offer . Comcast drops offer in pursuit of Sky PLC and Disney is free to acquire 21 Century Fox and all of the assets . Black Panther Avengers : Infinity War Solo : A Star Wars Story Ant - Man and the Wasp Incredibles 2 Christopher Robin The Nutcracker and the Four Realms Ralph Breaks the Internet : Wreck - It Ralph 2 Mary Poppins Returns Toy Story Land opens at Shanghai Disneyland and Disney 's Hollywood Studios Big City Greens Muppet Babies Fancy Nancy Kingdom Hearts III Lego The Incredibles Zombies Legend of the Three Caballeros Freaky Friday Footnotes Notable Theatrical Releases are films that were the first to use a particular technology ( sound , color , etc . ) , received major award nominations ( Academy Award , Golden Globe , etc . ) , or are otherwise historically significant to The Walt Disney Company . Not all films released by Disney appear in this list ; please see Lists of films released by Disney for a complete company listing . Theme Park / destination Openings indicate when Disney theme parks open . The opening of attractions and park name changes will not appear in this list . Other Premieres are the premiere dates for other notable Disney products , such as TV franchises ( The Cheetah Girls , Hannah Montana , The Jonas Brothers ) , consumer products , video games ( Kingdom Hearts ) , or home media premieres that were the first to use a particular technology . Other notability requirements include major award nominations ( Emmy Award , Grammy Award ) , or are otherwise historically significant to The Walt Disney Company . Not all Disney products , TV programs , video games , or home media releases appear in this list . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Company History '' . Corporate Information . The Walt Disney Company . Retrieved 2008 - 08 - 30 . Jump up ^ Korkis , Jim ( September 13 , 2005 ) . `` Wednesdays with Wade : 25 years of `` Disney on Ice '' `` . JimHillMedia . Retrieved July 30 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Aberdeen , J.A. ( 2000 ) . `` Disneyland '' . Hollywood Renegades . Cobblestone Entertainment . ISBN 1 - 890110 - 24 - 8 . Retrieved May 5 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Disneyland Tabs $2.29 Per Capita ; See Small Net First Yr '' . Billboard . January 28 , 1956 . p. 69 . Retrieved May | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company&oldid=854407697 | -4,882,024,358,836,266,000 | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Notable Business Events </Th> <Th> Notable Theatrical Releases </Th> <Th> Notable Theme Park / destination Openings </Th> <Th> Other Premieres </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies , beginning the Disney company under its original name `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' , with brothers Walt and Roy Disney , as equal partners . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First Alice 's comedy , Alice 's Wonderland , was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' changes name to `` The Walt Disney Studio '' shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt loses the Oswald 's series contract . </Li> <Li> Walt and Roy come up with Mickey and Minnie Mouse . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy </Li> <Li> Steamboat Willie ( the first synchronized sound cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On December 16 , `` The Walt Disney Studio '' is replaced by `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd '' . Three other companies , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' , are also formed . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Skeleton Dance ( the first Silly Symphonies cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved to Columbia Pictures </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from Columbia Pictures to United Artists </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Flowers and Trees ( the first Technicolor cartoon and first animated short to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1932 ) </Li> <Li> Mickey 's Revue ( which features the premiere of Goofy , originally called `` Dippy Dawg '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Little Pigs ( winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1933 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Wise Little Hen ( which features the premiere of Donald Duck ) </Li> <Li> The Tortoise and the Hare ( Winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1934 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from United Artists to RKO Radio Pictures . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's first feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On September 29 , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' and `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd . '' are merged to form `` Walt Disney Productions '' . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Studio moves to Burbank , California </Li> <Li> Company goes public </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pinocchio </Li> <Li> Fantasia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A bitter animators ' strike occurs </Li> <Li> The studio begins making morale - boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dumbo </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bambi </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saludos Amigos </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The company is short on money ; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much - needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Three Caballeros ( The first live action / cartoons Disney film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Make Mine Music </Li> <Li> Song of the South </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fun and Fancy Free </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The True - Life Adventures nature film series begins ; it lasts until 1960 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Melody Time </Li> <Li> Seal Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio begins production on its first all - live action feature , Treasure Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> licensed Ice Capades Disney segment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cinderella </Li> <Li> Treasure Island ( Disney 's first live - action film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alice in Wonderland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Uncle Scrooge comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` WED Enterprises '' is formed to control the rights to `` Disney '' and hold the Disneyland design team . It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland , including the Disneyland Monorail System and the Disneyland Railroad . </Li> <Li> Disney makes the Disneyland programming deal with American Broadcasting - Paramount Theatres to fund Disneyland . </Li> <Li> Other Disneyland investors were Walt Disney / WED and Western Publishing </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Pan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio ends its distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures and founds Buena Vista Film Distribution Company , Inc. to distribute its feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland anthology TV series on ABC ( First Disney TV program & Disneyland funding program ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lady and the Tramp </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland opens in Anaheim , California . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse Club ( ABC - TV ) </Li> <Li> Magic Kingdom ( ABC Radio ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Old Yeller </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Zorro ( ABC ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sleeping Beauty </Li> <Li> The Shaggy Dog </Li> <Li> Darby O'Gill and the Little People </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pollyanna </Li> <Li> Swiss Family Robinson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio purchases the film and merchandise rights to A.A. Milne 's Winnie - the - Pooh books , which are a huge source of revenue ( as well as litigation issues ) to this day . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> One Hundred and One Dalmatians </Li> <Li> The Absent - Minded Professor </Li> <Li> The Parent Trap </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Sword in the Stone </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room opens at Disneyland . This is the first attraction to feature audio - animatronics . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mary Poppins ( the first Disney film to receive a Best Picture Academy Award nomination ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disney News begins publication </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September : Walt Disney is diagnosed with lung cancer ; died on December 15 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | 1923 | -4882024358836266211_18 | false | The original Disney movies were released in 1923. This marked the beginning of a long and successful history of Disney films that have captivated audiences around the world. The company has continued to produce iconic and groundbreaking movies that have left a lasting impact on the entertainment industry. From the early days of animation to the modern era of live-action blockbusters, Disney has consistently set the standard for quality and innovation in filmmaking. |
Per Capita ; See Small Net First Yr '' . Billboard . January 28 , 1956 . p. 69 . Retrieved May 6 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Annual Report 1955 '' ( PDF ) . University of Penn . American Broadcasting - Paramount Theatres , Inc . pp. 21 , 27 . Retrieved April 8 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Leonard , Devin ; Burke , Doris ( January 20 , 2003 ) . `` The Curse of Pooh '' . Fortune . Time , Inc . Retrieved July 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Pixar dumps Disney '' . CNN . 2004 - 01 - 30 . Retrieved 2008 - 08 - 30 . Jump up ^ New service is the first of its kind in family entertainment Retrieved December 19 , 2008 Jump up ^ `` Now available On Demand : Disney Family Movies '' . Cox San Diego . Archived from the original on July 25 , 2011 . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Barnes , Brooks ( 18 September 2008 ) . `` Fuzzy Renaissance '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 29 December 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Disney jumps ship on next ' Narnia ' '' . Holywood Reporter . Archived from the original on December 25 , 2008 . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Disney launches Disney XD network , Web site Jump up ^ Marvel Shareholders OK Disney Acquisition , Marketwatch , December 31 , 2009 Jump up ^ `` Disney Completes Marvel Acquisition '' . Marvel . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . Jump up ^ New York Times March 15 , 2010 Jump up ^ IGN July 30 , 2010 Jump up ^ The Deadline Team ( December 21 , 2012 ) . `` Disney Completes Acquisition Of Lucasfilm '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on September 14 , 2013 . Retrieved September 14 , 2013 . The Walt Disney Company Company timeline Criticism Proposed acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney Company officials Founders Walt Disney Roy Oliver Disney Executives Bob Iger ( CEO ) Alan N. Braverman ( SEVP / GC ) Christine McCarthy ( CFO ) Board of directors Susan E. Arnold Mary T. Barra Safra Catz John S. Chen Francis A. deSouza Bob Iger ( Chairman ) Maria Elena Lagomasino Fred H. Langhammer Aylwin B. Lewis Mark G. Parker Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Animation Studios Walt Disney Pictures Distribution Touchstone Pictures Disney Music Group Disney Theatrical Group Disneynature Lucasfilm Marvel Studios Pixar | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company&oldid=854407697 | -4,882,024,358,836,266,000 | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Notable Business Events </Th> <Th> Notable Theatrical Releases </Th> <Th> Notable Theme Park / destination Openings </Th> <Th> Other Premieres </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies , beginning the Disney company under its original name `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' , with brothers Walt and Roy Disney , as equal partners . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First Alice 's comedy , Alice 's Wonderland , was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' changes name to `` The Walt Disney Studio '' shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt loses the Oswald 's series contract . </Li> <Li> Walt and Roy come up with Mickey and Minnie Mouse . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy </Li> <Li> Steamboat Willie ( the first synchronized sound cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On December 16 , `` The Walt Disney Studio '' is replaced by `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd '' . Three other companies , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' , are also formed . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Skeleton Dance ( the first Silly Symphonies cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved to Columbia Pictures </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from Columbia Pictures to United Artists </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Flowers and Trees ( the first Technicolor cartoon and first animated short to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1932 ) </Li> <Li> Mickey 's Revue ( which features the premiere of Goofy , originally called `` Dippy Dawg '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Little Pigs ( winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1933 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Wise Little Hen ( which features the premiere of Donald Duck ) </Li> <Li> The Tortoise and the Hare ( Winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1934 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from United Artists to RKO Radio Pictures . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's first feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On September 29 , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' and `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd . '' are merged to form `` Walt Disney Productions '' . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Studio moves to Burbank , California </Li> <Li> Company goes public </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pinocchio </Li> <Li> Fantasia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A bitter animators ' strike occurs </Li> <Li> The studio begins making morale - boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dumbo </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bambi </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saludos Amigos </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The company is short on money ; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much - needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Three Caballeros ( The first live action / cartoons Disney film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Make Mine Music </Li> <Li> Song of the South </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fun and Fancy Free </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The True - Life Adventures nature film series begins ; it lasts until 1960 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Melody Time </Li> <Li> Seal Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio begins production on its first all - live action feature , Treasure Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> licensed Ice Capades Disney segment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cinderella </Li> <Li> Treasure Island ( Disney 's first live - action film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alice in Wonderland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Uncle Scrooge comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` WED Enterprises '' is formed to control the rights to `` Disney '' and hold the Disneyland design team . It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland , including the Disneyland Monorail System and the Disneyland Railroad . </Li> <Li> Disney makes the Disneyland programming deal with American Broadcasting - Paramount Theatres to fund Disneyland . </Li> <Li> Other Disneyland investors were Walt Disney / WED and Western Publishing </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Pan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio ends its distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures and founds Buena Vista Film Distribution Company , Inc. to distribute its feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland anthology TV series on ABC ( First Disney TV program & Disneyland funding program ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lady and the Tramp </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland opens in Anaheim , California . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse Club ( ABC - TV ) </Li> <Li> Magic Kingdom ( ABC Radio ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Old Yeller </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Zorro ( ABC ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sleeping Beauty </Li> <Li> The Shaggy Dog </Li> <Li> Darby O'Gill and the Little People </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pollyanna </Li> <Li> Swiss Family Robinson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio purchases the film and merchandise rights to A.A. Milne 's Winnie - the - Pooh books , which are a huge source of revenue ( as well as litigation issues ) to this day . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> One Hundred and One Dalmatians </Li> <Li> The Absent - Minded Professor </Li> <Li> The Parent Trap </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Sword in the Stone </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room opens at Disneyland . This is the first attraction to feature audio - animatronics . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mary Poppins ( the first Disney film to receive a Best Picture Academy Award nomination ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disney News begins publication </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September : Walt Disney is diagnosed with lung cancer ; died on December 15 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | 1923 | -4882024358836266211_19 | false | The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is a multinational entertainment and media conglomerate. It was founded in 1923 by Walt Disney and Roy Oliver Disney. The company has a diverse portfolio, including Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Pictures, Disney Music Group, Disney Theatrical Group, Disneynature, Lucasfilm, Marvel Studios, and Pixar. Disney has a long history of producing original movies, with the first one coming out in 1923. |
Lucasfilm Marvel Studios Pixar Media Networks Disney -- ABC TV Group ABC Entertainment Group ABC TV Stations Disney Channels US ESPN ( 80 % ) A&E Networks ( 50 % ) Parks , Experiences and Consumer Products Parks and Resorts Walt Disney Imagineering Walt Disney World Resort Disneyland Resort Disneyland Paris Hong Kong Disneyland Resort Shanghai Disney Resort Signature Experiences Adventures by Disney Disney Cruise Line Disney Vacation Club Consumer Products and Interactive Media Licensing Disney Store Disney Publishing Worldwide Disney English Disney Online Games and Interactive Experiences Disney Mobile The Muppets Studio Direct - to - Consumer and International BAMTech ( 75 % ) Disney Digital Network Disney -- ABC Domestic Television Disney Channels Worldwide Disney Media Distribution ESPN+ Hulu ( 30 % ) Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment Movies Anywhere Streaming service International Argentina CIS France India UTV Software Communications Italy Latin America Germany Super RTL RTL II Other assets Retlaw Enterprises Buena Vista Tokyo Disney Resort Marvel Entertainment Reedy Creek Energy Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company&oldid=854407697 '' Categories : The Walt Disney Company Business timelines Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from June 2016 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles needing style editing from June 2016 All articles needing style editing Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from June 2016 All articles that are excessively detailed Articles with multiple maintenance issues Talk | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company&oldid=854407697 | -4,882,024,358,836,266,000 | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Notable Business Events </Th> <Th> Notable Theatrical Releases </Th> <Th> Notable Theme Park / destination Openings </Th> <Th> Other Premieres </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies , beginning the Disney company under its original name `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' , with brothers Walt and Roy Disney , as equal partners . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First Alice 's comedy , Alice 's Wonderland , was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' changes name to `` The Walt Disney Studio '' shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt loses the Oswald 's series contract . </Li> <Li> Walt and Roy come up with Mickey and Minnie Mouse . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy </Li> <Li> Steamboat Willie ( the first synchronized sound cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On December 16 , `` The Walt Disney Studio '' is replaced by `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd '' . Three other companies , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' , are also formed . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Skeleton Dance ( the first Silly Symphonies cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved to Columbia Pictures </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from Columbia Pictures to United Artists </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Flowers and Trees ( the first Technicolor cartoon and first animated short to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1932 ) </Li> <Li> Mickey 's Revue ( which features the premiere of Goofy , originally called `` Dippy Dawg '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Little Pigs ( winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1933 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Wise Little Hen ( which features the premiere of Donald Duck ) </Li> <Li> The Tortoise and the Hare ( Winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1934 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from United Artists to RKO Radio Pictures . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's first feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On September 29 , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' and `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd . '' are merged to form `` Walt Disney Productions '' . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Studio moves to Burbank , California </Li> <Li> Company goes public </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pinocchio </Li> <Li> Fantasia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A bitter animators ' strike occurs </Li> <Li> The studio begins making morale - boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dumbo </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bambi </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saludos Amigos </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The company is short on money ; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much - needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Three Caballeros ( The first live action / cartoons Disney film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Make Mine Music </Li> <Li> Song of the South </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fun and Fancy Free </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The True - Life Adventures nature film series begins ; it lasts until 1960 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Melody Time </Li> <Li> Seal Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio begins production on its first all - live action feature , Treasure Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> licensed Ice Capades Disney segment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cinderella </Li> <Li> Treasure Island ( Disney 's first live - action film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alice in Wonderland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Uncle Scrooge comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` WED Enterprises '' is formed to control the rights to `` Disney '' and hold the Disneyland design team . It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland , including the Disneyland Monorail System and the Disneyland Railroad . </Li> <Li> Disney makes the Disneyland programming deal with American Broadcasting - Paramount Theatres to fund Disneyland . </Li> <Li> Other Disneyland investors were Walt Disney / WED and Western Publishing </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Pan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio ends its distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures and founds Buena Vista Film Distribution Company , Inc. to distribute its feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland anthology TV series on ABC ( First Disney TV program & Disneyland funding program ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lady and the Tramp </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland opens in Anaheim , California . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse Club ( ABC - TV ) </Li> <Li> Magic Kingdom ( ABC Radio ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Old Yeller </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Zorro ( ABC ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sleeping Beauty </Li> <Li> The Shaggy Dog </Li> <Li> Darby O'Gill and the Little People </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pollyanna </Li> <Li> Swiss Family Robinson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio purchases the film and merchandise rights to A.A. Milne 's Winnie - the - Pooh books , which are a huge source of revenue ( as well as litigation issues ) to this day . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> One Hundred and One Dalmatians </Li> <Li> The Absent - Minded Professor </Li> <Li> The Parent Trap </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Sword in the Stone </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room opens at Disneyland . This is the first attraction to feature audio - animatronics . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mary Poppins ( the first Disney film to receive a Best Picture Academy Award nomination ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disney News begins publication </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September : Walt Disney is diagnosed with lung cancer ; died on December 15 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | 1923 | -4882024358836266211_20 | false | The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is a multinational entertainment and media conglomerate. It was originally founded in 1923 by Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio. Over the years, the company has expanded and diversified its operations to include various segments such as Lucasfilm, Marvel Studios, Pixar, Media Networks, Parks and Resorts, Consumer Products and Interactive Media, Direct-to-Consumer and International, and other assets.
The company's original movies, such as "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" and "Cinderella," were released in the 1930s and 1950s, respectively. These timeless classics have become an integral part of Disney's legacy and continue to be beloved by audiences of all ages. |
Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 11 August 2018 , at 03 : 53 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company&oldid=854407697 | -4,882,024,358,836,266,000 | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Notable Business Events </Th> <Th> Notable Theatrical Releases </Th> <Th> Notable Theme Park / destination Openings </Th> <Th> Other Premieres </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies , beginning the Disney company under its original name `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' , with brothers Walt and Roy Disney , as equal partners . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First Alice 's comedy , Alice 's Wonderland , was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio '' changes name to `` The Walt Disney Studio '' shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt loses the Oswald 's series contract . </Li> <Li> Walt and Roy come up with Mickey and Minnie Mouse . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy </Li> <Li> Steamboat Willie ( the first synchronized sound cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On December 16 , `` The Walt Disney Studio '' is replaced by `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd '' . Three other companies , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' , are also formed . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Skeleton Dance ( the first Silly Symphonies cartoon ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved to Columbia Pictures </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from Columbia Pictures to United Artists </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Flowers and Trees ( the first Technicolor cartoon and first animated short to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1932 ) </Li> <Li> Mickey 's Revue ( which features the premiere of Goofy , originally called `` Dippy Dawg '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Little Pigs ( winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1933 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Wise Little Hen ( which features the premiere of Donald Duck ) </Li> <Li> The Tortoise and the Hare ( Winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1934 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distribution moved from United Artists to RKO Radio Pictures . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's first feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> On September 29 , `` Walt Disney Enterprises '' , `` Disney Film Recording Company '' , and `` Liled Realty and Investment Company '' and `` Walt Disney Productions , Ltd . '' are merged to form `` Walt Disney Productions '' . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Studio moves to Burbank , California </Li> <Li> Company goes public </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pinocchio </Li> <Li> Fantasia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A bitter animators ' strike occurs </Li> <Li> The studio begins making morale - boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dumbo </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bambi </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saludos Amigos </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The company is short on money ; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much - needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Three Caballeros ( The first live action / cartoons Disney film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Make Mine Music </Li> <Li> Song of the South </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fun and Fancy Free </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The True - Life Adventures nature film series begins ; it lasts until 1960 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Melody Time </Li> <Li> Seal Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio begins production on its first all - live action feature , Treasure Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td_colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> licensed Ice Capades Disney segment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cinderella </Li> <Li> Treasure Island ( Disney 's first live - action film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alice in Wonderland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Uncle Scrooge comics by Carl Barks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` WED Enterprises '' is formed to control the rights to `` Disney '' and hold the Disneyland design team . It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland , including the Disneyland Monorail System and the Disneyland Railroad . </Li> <Li> Disney makes the Disneyland programming deal with American Broadcasting - Paramount Theatres to fund Disneyland . </Li> <Li> Other Disneyland investors were Walt Disney / WED and Western Publishing </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Pan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio ends its distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures and founds Buena Vista Film Distribution Company , Inc. to distribute its feature films . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland anthology TV series on ABC ( First Disney TV program & Disneyland funding program ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lady and the Tramp </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disneyland opens in Anaheim , California . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Mickey Mouse Club ( ABC - TV ) </Li> <Li> Magic Kingdom ( ABC Radio ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Old Yeller </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Zorro ( ABC ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sleeping Beauty </Li> <Li> The Shaggy Dog </Li> <Li> Darby O'Gill and the Little People </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pollyanna </Li> <Li> Swiss Family Robinson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The studio purchases the film and merchandise rights to A.A. Milne 's Winnie - the - Pooh books , which are a huge source of revenue ( as well as litigation issues ) to this day . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> One Hundred and One Dalmatians </Li> <Li> The Absent - Minded Professor </Li> <Li> The Parent Trap </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Sword in the Stone </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room opens at Disneyland . This is the first attraction to feature audio - animatronics . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mary Poppins ( the first Disney film to receive a Best Picture Academy Award nomination ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disney News begins publication </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September : Walt Disney is diagnosed with lung cancer ; died on December 15 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | 1923 | -4882024358836266211_21 | false | Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that is written and edited by volunteers around the world. It was launched on January 15, 2001, and has since become one of the most popular and widely used reference websites on the internet. Wikipedia is available in multiple languages and contains a vast amount of information on a wide variety of topics.
The original Disney movies were released in 1923. |
Just Go with It - Wikipedia Just Go with It This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( September 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) `` Pretend Wife '' redirects here . It is not to be confused with The Make - Believe Wife . Just Go with It Theatrical release poster Directed by Dennis Dugan Produced by Adam Sandler Jack Giarraputo Heather Parry Screenplay by Allan Loeb Timothy Dowling Based on Cactus Flower by I.A.L. Diamond Cactus Flower by Abe Burrows Pierre Barillet Jean Pierre - Gredy Starring Adam Sandler Jennifer Aniston Nick Swardson Brooklyn Decker Dave Matthews Bailee Madison Nicole Kidman Music by Rupert Gregson - Williams Cinematography Theo van de Sande Edited by Tom Costain Production company Happy Madison Productions Distributed by Columbia Pictures Release date February 8 , 2011 ( 2011 - 02 - 08 ) ( New York City ) February 11 , 2011 ( 2011 - 02 - 11 ) ( United States ) Running time 117 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $80 million Box office $215 million Just Go with It is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan , written by Allan Loeb and Timothy Dowling and starring Adam Sandler ( who also co-produced ) , Jennifer Aniston , Nicole Kidman , Nick Swardson and Brooklyn Decker . The film is based on the 1969 film Cactus Flower , which was adapted from an earlier Broadway stage play written by Abe Burrows , which in turn was based upon the French play Fleur de cactus . Production of the film began on March 2 , 2010 . The film was released on February 11 , 2011 by Columbia Pictures in North America . The film grossed over $214 million , making it a box office success - however , the film received negative reviews from critics and won two Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Actor and Worst Director . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Release 5 Reception 5.1 Box office | [
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2 Cast 3 Production 4 Release 5 Reception 5.1 Box office 5.2 Critical response 5.3 Accolades 5.4 Home media 6 References 7 External links Plot ( edit ) In 1988 , Daniel `` Danny '' Maccabee ( Adam Sandler ) , a 22 - year old man , leaves his wedding right before the ceremony is about to begin after learning that his fiancee is cheating on him , and was only marrying him because he was going to be a doctor . He goes to drink alone at a bar , where a young , beautiful woman walks in . She sees that Danny has a wedding ring on his hand , and asks him about his wife , to which he explains how she recently left him for someone else , and the woman from the bar ends up sleeping with him . Twenty - three years later , Danny ( now 45 - years old ) is now a successful plastic surgeon in Los Angeles who feigns unhappy marriages to get women , and to avoid romantic commitment that may lead to heartbreak . The only woman aware of his schemes is his office manager and best friend Katherine Murphy ( Jennifer Aniston ) , a divorced mother of two . At a party , Danny meets Palmer ( Brooklyn Decker ) , a sixth grade math teacher , without his wedding ring on , and they have a connection together . The next morning , she finds the ring and assumes he is married . She refuses to date him because her parents divorced due to adultery . Instead of telling her the truth , Danny tells her that he is getting divorced from a woman named Devlin . Danny tells Palmer that they are getting divorced because she cheated on him with a man named `` Dolph Lundgren '' ( not the actor ) . Palmer then insists on meeting Devlin . Danny asks Katherine to pose as `` Devlin '' and they go shopping for new clothes to dress like a trophy wife . A made - over Katherine / `` Devlin '' then meets with Danny and Palmer and gives them her blessing . However , after hearing Katherine talking on the phone with her kids , Palmer assumes that her kids are Danny 's as well . Danny then privately meets with Katherine 's kids , Maggie ( Bailee Madison ) and Michael ( Griffin Gluck ) , to get them to play along and gives them the aliases of `` Kiki Dee '' and `` Bart '' respectively . Danny accepts their demands for being his fake children . Palmer meets the kids at a play center where Maggie has adopted a fake british accent , and Michael acts very morose . They blackmail Danny in front of Palmer to take them all to Hawaii . At the airport , they are all surprised by Danny 's goofball cousin Eddie ( Nick Swardson ) , who has adopted an Austrian disguise as the `` Dolph Lundgren '' that Danny had made up earlier . To maintain the lies , Danny and Katherine are forced to bring him along . At the resort in Hawaii , Danny tells Eddie that he is considering asking Palmer to marry him . Katherine and Danny also run into the | [
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Eddie that he is considering asking Palmer to marry him . Katherine and Danny also run into the real - life Devlin Adams ( Nicole Kidman ) and her husband Ian Maxtone - Jones ( Dave Matthews ) . Because of Katherine and Devlin 's long - time rivalry , Katherine introduces Danny as her husband rather than admit she is a single mother . Over time , Katherine is impressed by Danny and his way of fun with her kids . Katherine again runs into Devlin , who invites her and Danny out to dinner . Eddie agrees to take Palmer out to dinner so that Danny can go with Katherine . Since he is supposed to be a sheep salesman , Eddie 's cover is nearly blown when he is forced to save the life of an actual sheep who choked on a toy whistle . At dinner , Devlin asks Danny and Katherine to tell each other what they admire most about each other , and , as Danny and Katherine talk , they start to feel a connection . Later , when Palmer and Eddie return from their dinner date , Palmer suggests that she and Danny get married now , since a drunken Eddie told her about Danny 's plans of engagement . Danny and Katherine are both surprised by her proposition , but Danny ultimately agrees . Danny later calls Katherine regarding his confusion , but Katherine says that she will be taking a job in New York City to get a fresh start to her life . The next day , Palmer confronts Katherine about Danny 's feelings for her , which Katherine dismisses . Katherine then runs into Devlin at a bar and admits that she pretended to be married to Danny to avoid embarrassment . Devlin confesses that she is divorcing Ian because he is gay and also that he did not invent the iPod , but made his money by suing the Los Angeles Dodgers after getting hit by a foul ball . Katherine confides in Devlin about being in love with Danny , but then Danny shows up behind her , saying that he is not marrying Palmer and that he is in love with Katherine . Meanwhile , on the plane ride back to the mainland , Palmer meets a professional tennis player ( Andy Roddick ) who shares her interests . Sometime later , Danny and Katherine get married . Cast ( edit ) Adam Sandler as Dr. Daniel `` Danny '' Maccabee Jennifer Aniston as Katherine Murphy , later Maccabee / Devlin Maccabee Bailee Madison as Maggie Murphy / Kiki Dee Maccabee Griffin Gluck as Michael Murphy / Bart Maccabee Nick Swardson as Eddie Simms / Dolph Lundgren Brooklyn Decker as Palmer Dodge Nicole Kidman as Devlin Adams Dave Matthews as Ian Maxtone - Jones Rachel Dratch as Kirsten Brant Kevin Nealon as Adon Heidi Montag as Kimberly Minka Kelly as Joanna Damon Rakefet Abergel as Patricia Dan Patrick as Tanner Patrick Mario Joyner as Henderson Keegan - Michael Key as Ernesto Allen Covert as Brian ( Soul Patch ) Andy Roddick | [
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- Michael Key as Ernesto Allen Covert as Brian ( Soul Patch ) Andy Roddick as Himself Unknown as the Kangaroo Production ( edit ) Originally titled `` Holiday in Hawaii '' , and then `` Pretend Wife '' , it was released as `` Just Go with It '' . The film was shot in Los Angeles and the Hawaiian islands of Maui and Kauai between March 2 , 2010 and May 25 , 2010 . The film is deliberately vague about which Hawaiian island its latter portion depicts ; thus , the characters hike across a rope bridge on Maui and arrive in the next scene at a spectacular waterfall on Kauai , rather than the ordinary irrigation dam and pond on Maui where the actual trail terminates . The characters stay at a Hawaiian hotel called the Waldorf Astoria . In actuality , the film was shot at the Grand Wailea in Maui , which is owned by Waldorf Astoria Hotels and Resorts . One of the film 's in - jokes is the scene wherein Decker 's character meets her obvious soulmate - professional tennis player Andy Roddick - as Decker and Roddick are actually married . Release ( edit ) The film was released in theaters in the United States and Canada on February 11 , 2011 and in Bulgaria on March 25 , 2011 . Reception ( edit ) Box office ( edit ) Just Go with It grossed $103 million in the U.S. and Canada and $111.9 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $214.9 million . The film topped its opening weekend box office with $30.5 million . The biggest market in other territories being Russia , where it grossed $13,174,937 . Critical response ( edit ) On Rotten Tomatoes , the film received a rating of 18 % , based on 137 reviews , with an average rating of 3.8 / 10 . The site 's consensus reads : `` Just Go With It may be slightly better than some entries in the recently dire rom - com genre , but that 's far from a recommendation . '' On Metacritic , the film has a score of 33 out of 100 , based on 31 critics , indicating `` generally unfavorable reviews '' . The Telegraph named Just Go with It in its `` ten worst films of 2011 '' list , saying it is `` a crass and overpopulated remake of Cactus Flower , served up as a mangy romcom of serial deceptions . '' Christopher Orr of The Atlantic noted that `` the title itself seems a plea for audiences ' forbearance '' and is part of a disappointing trend involving `` the reimagining of good , if perhaps not quite classic , films associated with the latter 1960s and early 1970s . '' Entertainment Weekly 's Lisa Schwarzbaum wrote that Just Go With It `` is saved from utter disaster , though , by Jennifer Aniston '' who has `` expert comic timing '' and `` plays like a grown - up . '' Accolades ( edit ) List of awards and nominations Award Date of ceremony | [
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and nominations Award Date of ceremony Recipient ( s ) and nominee ( s ) Result Ref Golden Raspberry Awards April 1 , 2012 Worst Actor Adam Sandler ( also for Jack and Jill ) Won Worst Supporting Actor Nick Swardson ( also for Jack and Jill ) Nominated Worst Supporting Actress Nicole Kidman Nominated Worst Screen Couple Adam Sandler and either Jennifer Aniston or Brooklyn Decker Nominated Worst Director Dennis Dugan ( also for Jack and Jill ) Won Teen Choice Awards August 7 , 2011 Choice Movie : Romantic Comedy Just Go with It Nominated Choice Movie Actor : Romantic Comedy Adam Sandler Nominated Choice Movie Actress : Romantic Comedy Jennifer Aniston Nominated Choice Movie Breakout : Female Brooklyn Decker Won Choice Movie : Chemistry Adam Sandler and Jennifer Aniston Won Home Media ( edit ) Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released Just Go with It on DVD and Blu - ray disc on June 7 , 2011 . It has so far grossed $14,535,543 in North America DVD sales . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Horn , John ( February 10 , 2011 ) . `` Word of Mouth : ' Just Go With It ' plays the demographics '' . LA Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Just Go With It ( 2011 ) '' . The Numbers . Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ Borys Kit ( 2009 - 12 - 08 ) . `` Sandler , Aniston playing ' Pretend ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Nielsen Business Media . Retrieved 2010 - 02 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` Grand Wailea in Maui : The Setting for `` Just Go With It '' `` . FiveStarAlliance.com . Archived from the original on 2012 - 05 - 24 . Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Just Go with It '' . boxofficemojo.com . IMDB . Retrieved July 30 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Just Go with It Weekend Grosses '' . boxofficemojo.com . IMDB . Retrieved July 30 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Just Go with It Foreign Totals '' . boxofficemojo.com . IMDB . Retrieved July 30 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Just Go with It - Rotten Tomatoes '' . Retrieved 19 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Just Go with It Reviews , Ratings , Credits '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Ten worst films of 2011 '' . The Telegraph . London . December 15 , 2011 . Retrieved December 17 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Orr , Christopher ( 11 February 2011 ) . `` ' Just Go With It ' : A Sad | [
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2011 . Jump up ^ Orr , Christopher ( 11 February 2011 ) . `` ' Just Go With It ' : A Sad Union of the Saccharine and Scatological '' . The Atlantic . Retrieved 15 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Schwarzbaum , Lisa ( 11 February 2011 ) . `` Movie Review : Just Go With It '' . Entertainment Weekly . Jump up ^ `` Blake Lively Wins Choice TV Drama Actress The Teen Choice Awards ! Here Are More Winners ! '' . Hollywood Life . August 7 , 2011 . Retrieved June 19 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Just Go With It - DVD Sales '' . The Numbers . Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 01 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Just Go With It Official website Just Go with It on IMDb Just Go with It at AllMovie Just Go with It at Rotten Tomatoes Just Go with It at Metacritic Just Go with It at Box Office Mojo Films directed by Dennis Dugan Problem Child ( 1990 ) Brain Donors ( 1992 ) The Shaggy Dog ( 1994 ) Happy Gilmore ( 1996 ) Beverly Hills Ninja ( 1997 ) Big Daddy ( 1999 ) Saving Silverman ( 2001 ) National Security ( 2003 ) The Benchwarmers ( 2006 ) I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry ( 2007 ) You Do n't Mess with the Zohan ( 2008 ) Grown Ups ( 2010 ) Just Go with It ( 2011 ) Jack and Jill ( 2011 ) Grown Ups 2 ( 2013 ) Happy Madison Productions Films Deuce Bigalow : Male Gigolo ( 1999 ) Little Nicky ( 2000 ) The Animal ( 2001 ) Joe Dirt ( 2001 ) Mr. Deeds ( 2002 ) The Master of Disguise ( 2002 ) Eight Crazy Nights ( 2002 ) The Hot Chick ( 2002 ) Anger Management ( 2003 ) Dickie Roberts : Former Child Star ( 2003 ) 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) The Longest Yard ( 2005 ) Deuce Bigalow : European Gigolo ( 2005 ) Grandma 's Boy ( 2006 ) The Benchwarmers ( 2006 ) Click ( 2006 ) I Now Pronounce You Chuck And Larry ( 2007 ) Reign Over Me ( 2007 ) Strange Wilderness ( 2008 ) The House Bunny ( 2008 ) You Do n't Mess with the Zohan ( 2008 ) Bedtime Stories ( 2008 ) Paul Blart : Mall Cop ( 2009 ) The Shortcut ( 2009 ) Funny People ( 2009 ) Grown Ups ( 2010 ) Just Go with It ( 2011 ) Zookeeper ( 2011 ) Bucky Larson : Born to Be a Star ( 2011 ) Jack and Jill ( 2011 ) | [
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The film was shot on location in various beautiful settings, including the island of Maui. The characters are seen hiking and enjoying the stunning landscapes of Maui, adding to the overall visual appeal of the film. |
( 2011 ) Bucky Larson : Born to Be a Star ( 2011 ) Jack and Jill ( 2011 ) That 's My Boy ( 2012 ) Here Comes the Boom ( 2012 ) Grown Ups 2 ( 2013 ) Blended ( 2014 ) Paul Blart : Mall Cop 2 ( 2015 ) Pixels ( 2015 ) Joe Dirt 2 : Beautiful Loser ( 2015 ) The Ridiculous 6 ( 2015 ) The Do - Over ( 2016 ) Sandy Wexler ( 2017 ) The Week Of ( 2018 ) Television series Rules of Engagement ( 2007 -- 13 ) The Gong Show with Dave Attell ( 2008 ) Nick Swardson 's Pretend Time ( 2010 -- 11 ) Breaking In ( 2011 -- 12 ) The Goldbergs ( 2013 -- present ) Imaginary Mary ( 2017 ) Key people Adam Sandler Allen Covert Jack Giarraputo Tim Herlihy Heather Parry Sony Pictures Entertainment Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Just_Go_with_It&oldid=847887703 '' Categories : 2011 films English - language films 2010s romantic comedy films American film remakes American films American romantic comedy films Columbia Pictures films Films scored by Rupert Gregson - Williams Films about families Films about vacationing Films based on adaptations Films directed by Dennis Dugan Films produced by Adam Sandler Films set in 1988 Films set in 2011 Films set in California Films set in Hawaii Films set in Los Angeles Films set in Long Island Happy Madison films Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention from September 2015 All Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Български Català Čeština Dansk | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Just_Go_with_It&oldid=847887703 | -7,225,766,672,561,460,000 | <P> The film was shot in Los Angeles and the Hawaiian islands of Maui and Kauai between March 2 , 2010 and May 25 , 2010 . The film is deliberately vague about which Hawaiian island its latter portion depicts ; thus , the characters hike across a rope bridge on Maui and arrive in the next scene at a spectacular waterfall on Kauai , rather than the ordinary irrigation dam and pond on Maui where the actual trail terminates . </P> | Maui | -7225766672561460607_7 | false | Just Go with It is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and produced by Adam Sandler. The film features a star-studded cast including Adam Sandler, Jennifer Aniston, and Brooklyn Decker. The plot revolves around a plastic surgeon who enlists his assistant to pose as his soon-to-be-divorced wife in order to cover up a careless lie. The film is set in various locations including Los Angeles, Long Island, and Hawaii.
In the film, the characters hike in the beautiful island of Maui, which is known for its stunning landscapes and picturesque hiking trails. |
Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Scots Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 19 more Edit links This page was last edited on 28 June 2018 , at 13 : 28 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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House of Windsor - wikipedia House of Windsor Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) House of Windsor Country Antigua and Barbuda Australia The Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Solomon Islands Tuvalu United Kingdom Parent house Wettin → Saxe - Coburg and Gotha Founded 17 July 1917 ; 100 years ago ( 1917 - 07 - 17 ) Founder George V Current head Elizabeth II The House of Windsor is the royal house of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms . The dynasty is of German paternal descent and was originally a branch of the House of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha , itself derived from the House of Wettin , and it succeeded the House of Hanover as monarchs in the British Empire following the death of Queen Victoria , wife of Albert , Prince Consort . The houses of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha and Windsor have provided five British monarchs to date , including four kings and the present queen , Elizabeth II . The name was changed from Saxe - Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor in 1917 because of anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. During the reign of the Windsors , major changes took place in British society . The British Empire participated in the First and Second World Wars , ending up on the winning side both times , but subsequently lost its status as a superpower during decolonisation . Much of Ireland broke with the United Kingdom and the remnants of the Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations . The current head of the house is monarch of sixteen sovereign states . These are the United Kingdom ( where they are based ) , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , Jamaica , Barbados , the Bahamas , Grenada , Papua New Guinea , Solomon Islands , Tuvalu , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Belize , Antigua and Barbuda , and Saint Kitts and Nevis . As well as these separate monarchies , there are also three Crown dependencies , fourteen British Overseas Territories and two associated states of New Zealand . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 List of monarchs 3 Members 3.1 Descendants of | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=House_of_Windsor&oldid=819115522 | -1,565,431,458,245,687,300 | <P> The name was changed from Saxe - Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor in 1917 because of anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. During the reign of the Windsors , major changes took place in British society . The British Empire participated in the First and Second World Wars , ending up on the winning side both times , but subsequently lost its status as a superpower during decolonisation . Much of Ireland broke with the United Kingdom and the remnants of the Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations . </P> | 1917 | -1565431458245687239_1 | true | The House of Windsor is the royal house of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The dynasty is of German paternal descent and was originally a branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, itself derived from the House of Wettin, and it succeeded the House of Hanover as monarchs in the British Empire following the death of Queen Victoria, wife of Albert, Prince Consort. The houses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Windsor have provided five British monarchs to date, including four kings and the present queen, Elizabeth II. The name was changed from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor in 1917 because of anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. |
1 Background 2 List of monarchs 3 Members 3.1 Descendants of Elizabeth II 3.2 Family tree 4 Nations of which the House of Windsor is or was the ruling house 5 See also 6 Notes 6.1 Footnotes 6.2 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links Background ( edit ) `` A Good Riddance '' ; cartoon from Punch , Vol. 152 , 27 June 1917 , commenting on the King 's order to relinquish all German titles held by members of his family Edward VII and , in turn , his son , George V , were members of the German ducal House of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha by virtue of their descent from Albert , Prince Consort , husband of Queen Victoria , the last British monarch from the House of Hanover . High anti-German sentiment amongst the people of the British Empire during World War I reached a peak in March 1917 , when the Gotha G. IV , a heavy aircraft capable of crossing the English Channel , began bombing London directly and became a household name . In the same year , on 15 March , King George 's first cousin , Nicholas II , the Emperor of Russia , was forced to abdicate , which raised the spectre of the eventual abolition of all the monarchies in Europe . The King and his family were finally convinced to abandon all titles held under the German Crown and to change German titles and house names to anglicised versions . Hence , on 17 July 1917 , a royal proclamation issued by George V declared : Now , therefore , We , out of Our Royal Will and Authority , do hereby declare and announce that as from the date of this Our Royal Proclamation Our House and Family shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor , and that all the descendants in the male line of Our said Grandmother Queen Victoria who are subjects of these Realms , other than female descendants who may marry or may have married , shall bear the said Name of Windsor ... The name had a long association with monarchy in Britain , through the town of Windsor , Berkshire , and Windsor Castle ; the link is alluded to in the Round Tower of Windsor Castle being the basis of the badge of the House of Windsor . Upon hearing that his cousin had changed the name of the British royal house to Windsor and in reference to Shakespeare 's The Merry Wives of Windsor , German Emperor Wilhelm II remarked jokingly that he planned to see `` The Merry Wives of Saxe - Coburg - Gotha '' . George V also restricted the use of British princely titles to his nearest relations , and in 1919 , he stripped 3 of his German relations of their British titles and styles . List of monarchs ( edit ) Portrait Name From Until Relationship with predecessor King Edward VII 22 January 1901 6 May 1910 | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=House_of_Windsor&oldid=819115522 | -1,565,431,458,245,687,300 | <P> The name was changed from Saxe - Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor in 1917 because of anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. During the reign of the Windsors , major changes took place in British society . The British Empire participated in the First and Second World Wars , ending up on the winning side both times , but subsequently lost its status as a superpower during decolonisation . Much of Ireland broke with the United Kingdom and the remnants of the Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations . </P> | 1917 | -1565431458245687239_2 | true | In 1917, during World War I, the British royal family changed their name to Windsor. This decision was made in response to the anti-German sentiment among the people of the British Empire and the bombing of London by German aircraft. King George V issued a royal proclamation declaring that the House and Family of Windsor would be the new name for the royal family. This change was also influenced by the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, which raised concerns about the future of European monarchies. The name Windsor had a historical association with monarchy in Britain, as it was linked to the town of Windsor and Windsor Castle. Additionally, King George V restricted the use of British princely titles to his closest relatives and stripped three of his German relations of their British titles and styles. |
King Edward VII 22 January 1901 6 May 1910 Son of Queen Victoria King George V 6 May 1910 20 January 1936 Son of Edward VII King Edward VIII 20 January 1936 11 December 1936 ( Abdicated ) Son of George V King George VI 11 December 1936 6 February 1952 Queen Elizabeth II 6 February 1952 reigning Daughter of George VI Members ( edit ) Members of the House of Windsor on the balcony of Buckingham Palace , 15 June 2013 . Left to right : Prince Richard , Duke of Gloucester ; Lady Rose Gilman ; Prince Michael of Kent ; Princess Michael of Kent ; Lady Louise Windsor ; Prince Edward , Earl of Wessex ; James , Viscount Severn ; Sophie , Countess of Wessex ; Camilla , Duchess of Cornwall ; Prince Charles , Prince of Wales ; Queen Elizabeth II ; Princess Anne , Princess Royal ; Prince Andrew , Duke of York ; Prince Henry of Wales ; Catherine , Duchess of Cambridge ; Prince William , Duke of Cambridge ; Princess Eugenie of York ; Princess Beatrice of York ; Prince Edward , Duke of Kent ; Katharine , Duchess of Kent See also : List of members of the House of Windsor The 1917 proclamation stated that the name of the Royal House and all British descendants of Victoria and Albert in the male line were to bear the name of Windsor , except for women who married into other families . By early 1919 the living male - line British descendants of Victoria subject to British rule were King George V , his five sons , his daughter Princess Mary , his unmarried sister Princess Victoria , his uncle Prince Arthur , Duke of Connaught and Strathearn , his cousin Prince Arthur of Connaught , his cousin once removed Prince Alastair of Connaught , and his unmarried cousin Princess Patricia of Connaught . Prince Alastair and Princess Victoria died unmarried and childless . Princess Mary married into the Lascelles family , and Princess Patricia married Alexander Ramsay . Neither of the Prince Arthurs had any further children , meaning all subsequent members of the House of Windsor descend from the sons of George V . Two of George V 's sons , Edward VIII ( later Duke of Windsor ) and Prince John , had no children , so the entire present day members of the House of Windsor are descendants of the other three sons , Prince Albert , Duke of York ( later George VI ) , Prince Henry , Duke of Gloucester , and Prince George , Duke of Kent . Descendants of Elizabeth II ( edit ) Succession to the British throne -- family tree ( 2015 ) In 1947 , Princess Elizabeth ( now Queen Elizabeth II ) , heiress presumptive to King George VI , married Philip Mountbatten . He was a member of the House of Schleswig - Holstein - | [
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George VI , married Philip Mountbatten . He was a member of the House of Schleswig - Holstein - Sonderburg - Glücksburg , a branch of the House of Oldenburg , and had been a prince of Greece and Denmark . However , Philip , a few months before his marriage , abandoned his princely titles and adopted the surname Mountbatten , which was that of his uncle and mentor , the Earl Mountbatten of Burma , and had itself been adopted by Lord Mountbatten 's father ( Philip 's maternal grandfather ) , Prince Louis of Battenberg , in 1917 . It is the literal translation of the German battenberg , which refers to Battenberg , a small town in Hesse . Soon after Elizabeth became Queen in 1952 , Lord Mountbatten observed that because it was the standard practice for the wife in a marriage to adopt her husband 's surname , the royal house had become the House of Mountbatten . When Elizabeth 's grandmother , Queen Mary , heard of this comment , she informed British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and he later advised the Queen to issue a royal proclamation declaring that the royal house was to remain known as the House of Windsor . This she did on 9 April 1952 , officially declaring it her `` Will and Pleasure that I and My children shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor , and that My descendants , other than female descendants who marry and their descendants , shall bear the name of Windsor . '' Philip privately complained , `` I am nothing but a bloody amoeba . I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children . '' On 8 February 1960 , after the death of Queen Mary and the resignation of Churchill , the Queen confirmed that she and her children would continue to be known as the House and Family of Windsor , as would any agnatic descendants who enjoy the style of Royal Highness and the title of Prince or Princess . Still , Elizabeth also decreed that her agnatic descendants who do not have that style and title would bear the surname Mountbatten - Windsor . This came after some months of correspondence between the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and the constitutional expert Edward Iwi . Iwi had raised the prospect that the Royal child due to be born in February 1960 would bear `` the Badge of Bastardy '' if it were given its mother 's maiden name ( Windsor ) rather than its father 's name ( Mountbatten ) . Macmillan had attempted to rebuff Iwi , until the Queen advised the acting Prime Minister Rab Butler in January 1960 that for some time she had had her heart set on a change that would recognise the name Mountbatten . She clearly wished to make this change before the birth of her child . The issue did not affect Prince Charles or Princess Anne , as they had been born with the name Mountbatten , before the Queen 's accession to the throne . Prince Andrew was born 11 days later , on 19 February 1960 . Any future monarch can change the dynastic name through a similar royal | [
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19 February 1960 . Any future monarch can change the dynastic name through a similar royal proclamation , as royal proclamations do not have statutory authority . Family tree ( edit ) See also : Windsor British monarchs ' family tree ( show ) Family tree King George V Queen Mary King Edward VIII King George VI Queen Elizabeth Princess Mary , Princess Royal , Countess of Harewood | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=House_of_Windsor&oldid=819115522 | -1,565,431,458,245,687,300 | <P> The name was changed from Saxe - Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor in 1917 because of anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. During the reign of the Windsors , major changes took place in British society . The British Empire participated in the First and Second World Wars , ending up on the winning side both times , but subsequently lost its status as a superpower during decolonisation . Much of Ireland broke with the United Kingdom and the remnants of the Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations . </P> | 1917 | -1565431458245687239_7 | false | Prince Michael of Kent and Princess Michael of Kent are members of the British royal family. Prince Michael is the paternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, being a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary. Princess Michael, on the other hand, is an Austrian noblewoman by birth and a member of the German nobility by marriage. They have two children, Lord Frederick Windsor and Lady Gabriella Kingston.
Diana, Princess of Wales, was married to Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1996. Princess Diana was known for her charity work and her high-profile public life. Prince Charles later married Camilla, who is now known as the Duchess of Cornwall.
Princess Anne, the Princess Royal, is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She is known for her charitable work and her equestrian talents.
Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, is the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. He was married to Sarah, the Duchess of York, until their divorce in 1996. They have two daughters, Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie.
Prince Edward, the Earl of Wessex, is the youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. He is married to Sophie, the Countess of Wessex, and they have two children, Lady Louise Windsor and James, Viscount Severn.
The royal family took the name Windsor in 1917, during World War I, when King George V changed the name of the royal house from the German Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor, due to anti-German sentiment in the United Kingdom. This change was made to distance the royal family from its German heritage and to show solidarity with the British people during the war. |
Prince William , Duke of Cambridge Catherine , Duchess of Cambridge Prince Henry of Wales ( Prince Harry ) Princess Beatrice of York Princess Eugenie of York Lady Louise Windsor James , Viscount Severn Prince George of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Nations of which the House of Windsor is or was the ruling House ( edit ) At the creation of the House of Windsor , its head reigned over a unitary British Empire . Following the end of the First World War , however , shifts took place that saw the emergence of the Dominions as sovereign states , the first step being | [
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took place that saw the emergence of the Dominions as sovereign states , the first step being the issuance of the Balfour Declaration in 1926 , followed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act the next year , and the Statute of Westminster in 1931 . From then on , the House of Windsor became the royal house of multiple countries , a number that shifted over the decades , as some Dominions became republics and Crown colonies became realms , republics , or monarchies under a different sovereign . Since 1949 , two monarchs of the House of Windsor , George VI and Elizabeth II , have also been Head of the Commonwealth of Nations , comprising most ( but not all ) parts of the former British Empire and some states that were never part of it . In the chart below , the countries are differentiated between light green ( realms of the House of Windsor as Dominions ) , medium green ( present realms of the House of Windsor ) , and dark green ( former realms of the House of Windsor ) . 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2015 Antigua and Barbuda Australia The Bahamas Barbados | [
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One significant event in the history of the British monarchy was the decision to change the royal family's name to Windsor. This change took place in 1917 during World War I. At that time, there was anti-German sentiment in Britain, and it was decided that the royal family's Germanic name, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, should be replaced with a more English-sounding name. As a result, King George V declared that the royal family's surname would be Windsor, after the castle of the same name.
This decision had far-reaching implications for the royal family and for the countries that were part of the British Empire. The name Windsor has since become synonymous with the British monarchy and has been passed down through the generations. It is a symbol of the continuity and tradition of the royal family, and it is a reminder of the historical ties between Britain and its former colonies.
The decision to change the royal family's name to Windsor was a significant moment in the history of the British monarchy, and it continues to have relevance today. The name Windsor is now firmly established as part of the royal family's identity, and it is a reminder of the enduring legacy of the British Empire. |
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The Irish Free State, also known as Ireland, is a country in north-western Europe. It is a sovereign state with a parliamentary democracy. The capital and largest city is Dublin. Ireland is known for its lush green landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture.
Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is known for its beautiful beaches, reggae music, and vibrant culture. The capital and largest city of Jamaica is Kingston.
The Royal Family took the name Windsor in 1917. |
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Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south and southwest. The capital and largest city is Lilongwe.
Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta, is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. It lies 80 km (50 mi) south of Italy, 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia, and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya. The capital is Valletta.
The Royal Family took the name Windsor in 1917. |
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New Zealand is a country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, consisting of two main islands and numerous smaller islands. It is known for its breathtaking landscapes, including mountains, beaches, and fjords. The indigenous Maori culture is an integral part of New Zealand's identity, alongside its British colonial heritage.
Nigeria is a country in West Africa, known for its diverse culture, music, and art. With a population of over 200 million people, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. It is home to a wide range of ethnic groups, languages, and traditions, making it a vibrant and dynamic nation.
Pakistan is a country in South Asia, bordered by India, Afghanistan, Iran, and China. It is known for its rich history, diverse landscapes, and cultural heritage. With a population of over 220 million people, Pakistan has a mix of ethnicities, including Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, and Baloch.
The royal family took the name Windsor in 1917. |
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Saint Kitts and Nevis is a dual-island nation situated between the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. It's known for cloud-shrouded mountains and beaches. Many of its former sugar plantations are now inns or atmospheric ruins. The larger of the 2 islands, Saint Kitts, is dominated by the dormant Mount Liamuiga volcano, home to a crater lake, green vervet monkeys, and rainforest crisscrossed with hiking trails.
Saint Lucia is an Eastern Caribbean island nation with a pair of dramatically tapered mountains, the Pitons, on its west coast. Its coast is home to volcanic beaches, reef-diving sites, luxury resorts, and fishing villages. Trails in the interior rainforest lead to waterfalls like the 15m-high Toraille, which pours over a cliff into a garden. The capital, Castries, is a popular cruise port.
St Vincent and the Grenadines is a southern Caribbean nation comprising a main island, St. Vincent, and a chain of smaller islands. With yacht-filled harbors, chic private isles, and volcanic landscapes, it's known for its major sailing destinations such as reef-lined Bequia Island off Admiralty Bay, bordered by white-sand beaches like Princess Margaret. The main island is home to the capital, Kingstown.
Sierra Leone is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea to the northeast. Sierra Leone has a tropical climate, with a diverse environment ranging from savanna to rainforests, and a total area of 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi). The country has a population of 7,075,641 as of the 2015 census. |
Solomon Islands South Africa Tanganyika | [
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United Kingdom 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2015 See also ( edit ) British prince British princess Canadian Royal Family Succession to the British throne List of descendants of George V Notes ( edit ) Footnotes ( edit ) Jump up ^ After his abdication in 1936 , King Edward VIII became the Duke of Windsor . Jump up ^ In 1936 , virtually all of the functions of the monarch in the Irish Free State were removed , although the monarch was empowered to sign treaties and accredit diplomats when authorised to do so ( see Executive Authority ( External Relations ) Act 1936 ) . In 1937 , a new constitution created the office of President of Ireland to perform many of the functions of a head of state . In 1949 , the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 unambiguously severed links with the monarchy . In 1952 , Elizabeth II was the first head of the House of Windsor who did not refer to Ireland ( but instead to just Northern Ireland ) in her regal style . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ McGuigan , Jim ( 2001 ) . `` British identity and ' people 's princess ' '' . The Sociological Review . 48 ( 1 ) . doi : 10.1111 / 1467 - 954X. 00200 . Retrieved 7 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` No. 30186 '' . The London Gazette. 17 July 1917 . p. 7119 . Jump up ^ Carter , Miranda ( 2010 ) , George , Nicholas and Wilhelm : Three Royal Cousins and the Road to World War I , Random House , p. xxiii , ISBN 9780307593023 Jump up ^ `` Styles of the members of the British royal family : Documents '' . Heraldica. 30 November 1917 . Jump up ^ `` At the Court at Buckingham Palace , the 28th day of March , 1919 '' . London Gazette . His Majesty 's Stationery Office . 28 March 1919 . pp. Issue 31255 , Page 4000 . Retrieved 28 November 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Royal Styles and Titles -- 1960 Letters Patent Archived 23 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Brandreth , Gyles ( 2004 ) . Philip and Elizabeth : Portrait of a Marriage . p. 253 -- 254 . London : Century . ISBN 0 - 7126 - 6103 - 4 Jump up ^ Travis , Alan ( 18 February 1999 ) . `` Queen feared ' slur ' on family '' , The Guardian Archived 3 March | [
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, Alan ( 18 February 1999 ) . `` Queen feared ' slur ' on family '' , The Guardian Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine ... Retrieved 17 April 2014 Jump up ^ The Royal Family name Archived 30 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine. , Royal Household , retrieved 24 April 2016 Bibliography ( edit ) Longford , Elizabeth Harman ( Countess of Longford ) . The Royal House of Windsor . Revised ed . Crown , 1984 . Roberts , Andrew . The House of Windsor . University of California Press , 2000 . External links ( edit ) Royal Family name from royal.uk House of Windsor from royal.uk House of Windsor Tree from royal.gov.uk ( Lord Culloden & Albert + Leopold Windsor are missing ) Royal House House of Windsor Preceded by House of Hanover Ruling House of the United Kingdom 1917 -- present Incumbent Royal houses of Europe Nordic countries Denmark Knýtlinga Fairhair Estridsen Griffins Palatinate - Neumarkt Oldenburg Schleswig - Holstein - Sonderburg - Glücksburg Finland Bjelbo Mecklenburg Griffins Palatinate - Neumarkt Bonde Oldenburg Vasa Palatinate - Zweibrücken Hesse Holstein - Gottorp Romanov Norway Fairhair Knýtlinga Hardrada Gille Sverre Bjelbo Estridsen Griffins Palatinate - Neumarkt Bonde Oldenburg Holstein - Gottorp Bernadotte Schleswig - Holstein - Sonderburg - Glücksburg Sweden Munsö Stenkil Sverker Eric Bjelbo Estridsen Mecklenburg Griffins Palatinate - Neumarkt Bonde Oldenburg Vasa Palatinate - Zweibrücken Hesse - Kassel Holstein - Gottorp Bernadotte Iceland Fairhair Bjelbo Estridsen Griffins Palatinate - Neumarkt Bonde Oldenburg Schleswig - Holstein - Sonderburg - Glücksburg Britain and Ireland | [
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Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Azərbaycanca Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara Français Gaeilge 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Latviešu Magyar مصرى Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Português Română Русский Scots සිංහල Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt ייִדיש 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 7 January 2018 , at 15 : 03 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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The Purge : Election Year - wikipedia The Purge : Election Year The Purge : Election Year Theatrical release poster Directed by James DeMonaco Produced by Jason Blum Michael Bay Andrew Form Brad Fuller Sébastien K. Lemercier Written by James DeMonaco Starring Frank Grillo Elizabeth Mitchell Mykelti Williamson Music by Nathan Whitehead Cinematography Jacques Jouffret Edited by Todd E. Miller Production companies Platinum Dunes Blumhouse Productions Man in a Tree Productions Distributed by Universal Pictures Release date July 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 07 - 01 ) ( United States ) Running time 109 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $10 million Box office $118.6 million The Purge : Election Year is a 2016 American dystopian action horror film written and directed by James DeMonaco and starring Frank Grillo , Elizabeth Mitchell , and Mykelti Williamson . It is the sequel to 2014 's The Purge : Anarchy and is the third installment in The Purge franchise . Jason Blum and Michael Bay are among the film 's producers . The film was released on July 1 , 2016 , received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $118 million , becoming the second highest - grossing film of the series . A fourth film depicting the origins of the event , titled The First Purge , was released in July 2018 . Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Filming 4 Music 5 Release 5.1 Home Media 6 Reception 6.1 Box office 6.2 Critical response 7 Prequel 8 References 9 External links Plot ( edit ) A young Charlene ( aka `` Charlie '' ) Roan and her family are tied up by a masked purger . He taunts them with his `` purge playlist '' , and then tells them they will play a final purge game called `` Mommy 's Choice . '' He then proceeds to kill the rest of Charlie 's family and leaves her as the only survivor . Eighteen years later , Roan is a U.S. Senator campaigning for the U.S. Presidency , promising to end the annual purge nights . Former police sergeant | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Purge:_Election_Year&oldid=854484183 | -3,417,414,568,395,603,000 | <P> Navigating the hostile streets of Washington D.C. , Barnes and Roan attempt to seek shelter , but are ambushed by a gang of Purgers and taken captive . Before they can be executed , Joe and Marcos kill the gang , having seen the pair 's plight from the store 's rooftop . As they take shelter in the store , the teenage girls return with reinforcements . However , Laney runs over their leader and kills half the group . As the other Purgers threaten to break in , they leave for a safer hideout . The team is ambushed by Danzinger in a helicopter , and seeks refuge beneath an overpass wherein Barnes realizes they were tracked by the bullet lodged inside him , and manages to extract it . After a confrontation with a large number of Crips , the team helps their leader 's injured comrade . In return , the Crips plant the bullet in another area to divert the paramilitary team , which they later eliminate . </P> | Washington D.C. | -3417414568395603091_1 | false | The Purge: Election Year is a 2016 American dystopian action horror film written and directed by James DeMonaco and starring Frank Grillo, Elizabeth Mitchell, and Mykelti Williamson. It is the sequel to 2014's The Purge: Anarchy and is the third installment in The Purge franchise. The film takes place in Washington D.C. and follows U.S. Senator Charlene Roan as she campaigns for the U.S. Presidency, promising to end the annual purge nights. The movie was released on July 1, 2016, and received mixed reviews from critics, grossing over $118 million at the box office. |
for the U.S. Presidency , promising to end the annual purge nights . Former police sergeant Leo Barnes is now head of security for Roan . The New Founding Fathers of America 's ( NFFA ) leader , Caleb Warrens and their candidate , Minister Edwidge Owens , view Roan as a threat ; in the guise of regaining the public 's trust , they revoke immunity for government officials to kill her on Purge night . Watching the presidential debate are deli owner Joe Dixon , his assistant Marcos , and former purger turned EMT Laney Rucker . A pair of teenage girls enters the store and shoplifts , only to be cornered by Joe . The girls mock Joe until Laney intervenes ; recognizing her as a famous ex-Purger , they leave peacefully . Joe receives a phone call stating the cost of his purge insurance has increased beyond his affordability . Joe decides to guard his store himself , despite Marcos and Laney 's pleas not to . At the same time , the country 's so - called `` Murder tourism '' booms the economy due to tourists visiting the United States to participate in the annual Purge nights . On the night of the purge , Joe guards his store and is joined by Marcos , and together they manage to repel an attack by the teenage girls . Laney and her partner Dawn patrol the city in an ambulance , providing medical care to the wounded . Roan decides to wait out the purge from her home rather than a secure location to secure the vote , and is accompanied by Barnes , Chief Couper , Eric , and additional security forces . However , a betrayal by Chief Couper and Eric allows a neo-Nazi paramilitary force led by Earl Danzinger to kill the security detail and invade the house . Barnes escorts Roan to safety , but is wounded in the process . He detonates a bomb in the house , killing Eric and Chief Couper . Navigating the hostile streets of Washington D.C. , Barnes and Roan attempt to seek shelter , but are ambushed by a gang of Purgers and taken captive . Before they can be executed , Joe and Marcos kill the gang , having seen the pair 's plight from the store 's rooftop . As they take shelter in the store , the teenage girls return with reinforcements . However , Laney runs over their leader and kills half the group . As the other Purgers threaten to break in , they leave for a safer hideout . The team is ambushed by Danzinger in a helicopter , and seeks refuge beneath an overpass wherein Barnes realizes they were tracked by the bullet lodged inside him , and manages to extract it . After a confrontation with a large number of Crips , the team helps their leader 's injured comrade . In return , the Crips plant the bullet in another area to divert the paramilitary team , which they later eliminate . The team arrives at an underground antipurge hideout run by Dante Bishop . Barnes discovers that Bishop 's group intends to assassinate the NFFA , in an effort to end the purge . A large group of paramilitary forces arrives at the hideout looking | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Purge:_Election_Year&oldid=854484183 | -3,417,414,568,395,603,000 | <P> Navigating the hostile streets of Washington D.C. , Barnes and Roan attempt to seek shelter , but are ambushed by a gang of Purgers and taken captive . Before they can be executed , Joe and Marcos kill the gang , having seen the pair 's plight from the store 's rooftop . As they take shelter in the store , the teenage girls return with reinforcements . However , Laney runs over their leader and kills half the group . As the other Purgers threaten to break in , they leave for a safer hideout . The team is ambushed by Danzinger in a helicopter , and seeks refuge beneath an overpass wherein Barnes realizes they were tracked by the bullet lodged inside him , and manages to extract it . After a confrontation with a large number of Crips , the team helps their leader 's injured comrade . In return , the Crips plant the bullet in another area to divert the paramilitary team , which they later eliminate . </P> | Washington D.C. | -3417414568395603091_2 | true | The events of the Purge Election Year take place in Washington D.C. Former police sergeant Leo Barnes is now head of security for Roan, who is running for the U.S. Presidency. The New Founding Fathers of America's (NFFA) leader, Caleb Warrens, and their candidate, Minister Edwidge Owens, view Roan as a threat and revoke immunity for government officials to kill her on Purge night. The story follows various characters as they navigate the hostile streets of Washington D.C. during the annual Purge night, including deli owner Joe Dixon, his assistant Marcos, former purger turned EMT Laney Rucker, and Roan herself. The events culminate in an underground antipurge hideout run by Dante Bishop, where a large group of paramilitary forces arrives, leading to a confrontation. |
in an effort to end the purge . A large group of paramilitary forces arrives at the hideout looking for Bishop . Barnes and Roan escape back to the streets and meet Joe , Marcos , and Laney , who had left the hideout earlier to return to Joe 's store . They board an ambulance . While fleeing the city , the ambulance is hit by Danzinger 's team . Roan is pulled from the van by the soldiers before Barnes can assist . Barnes leads the group and Bishop 's team to a fortified cathedral where the NFFA plans to sacrifice her . Before Roan can be killed by the NFFA , the group arrives and assassinates Warrens , causing a shootout that kills the entire congregation except Owens and another NFFA loyalist , Harmon James , who escape . Owens is caught by Bishop 's group , but Roan manages to persuade them to spare him . The remaining paramilitary forces arrive , killing Bishop and his team . Danzinger and Barnes engage in a melee which ends with the former 's death . As Roan and the team free the imprisoned purge victims , James emerges and kills a released prisoner . Joe shoots him , but is fatally wounded . Before dying , Joe asks Marcos to take care of his store . Two months later , Roan wins the election in a landslide , while Barnes is appointed the new Director of the Secret Service . Marcos and Laney renovate Joe 's store and continue to run it in his memory . A news report then states that NFFA supporters have staged violent uprisings across the country in response to election results . Cast ( edit ) Frank Grillo as Leo Barnes , former LAPD Police Sergeant turned Security Chief for Charlie Roan Elizabeth Mitchell as Senator Charlie Roan , former wife and U.S. Senator / presidential candidate running on an anti-Purge platform Christy Coco as Young Charlie Roan Mykelti Williamson as Joe Dixon Joseph Julian Soria as Marcos Dali Betty Gabriel as Laney Rucker Terry Serpico as Earl Danzinger , leader of a neo-Nazi paramilitary group Raymond J. Barry as Caleb Warrens , NFFA leader and President of the United States Edwin Hodge as Dante Bishop , an anti-Purge resistance fighter from the previous Purge films Kyle Secor as Minister Edwidge Owens , a pastor of a NFFA - affiliated cathedral Brittany Mirabilé as Kimmy Juani Feliz as Kimmy 's friend Kimberly Howe as Kimmy 's friend Ethan Phillips as Chief Couper Cindy Robinson as Purge Announcement Voice Liza Colón - Zayas as Dawn David Aaron Baker as NFFA Press Secretary Tommy Roseland Christopher James Baker as Harmon James Roman Blat as Uncle Sam Jamal Peters as Gang Leader with Dying Friend J. Jewels as Political Debater Matt Walton as Reporter # 1 Production ( edit ) On October 6 , 2014 , it was | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Purge:_Election_Year&oldid=854484183 | -3,417,414,568,395,603,000 | <P> Navigating the hostile streets of Washington D.C. , Barnes and Roan attempt to seek shelter , but are ambushed by a gang of Purgers and taken captive . Before they can be executed , Joe and Marcos kill the gang , having seen the pair 's plight from the store 's rooftop . As they take shelter in the store , the teenage girls return with reinforcements . However , Laney runs over their leader and kills half the group . As the other Purgers threaten to break in , they leave for a safer hideout . The team is ambushed by Danzinger in a helicopter , and seeks refuge beneath an overpass wherein Barnes realizes they were tracked by the bullet lodged inside him , and manages to extract it . After a confrontation with a large number of Crips , the team helps their leader 's injured comrade . In return , the Crips plant the bullet in another area to divert the paramilitary team , which they later eliminate . </P> | Washington D.C. | -3417414568395603091_3 | false | The events of The Purge: Election Year take place in Washington D.C. The film follows the story of former LAPD Police Sergeant turned Security Chief for Charlie Roan, Leo Barnes, and U.S. Senator and presidential candidate running on an anti-Purge platform, Charlie Roan. The plot involves a group of paramilitary forces arriving at a hideout in an effort to end the purge, leading to a series of events that ultimately culminate in a violent showdown in the nation's capital. The film features a cast including Frank Grillo, Elizabeth Mitchell, Mykelti Williamson, Joseph Julian Soria, and Betty Gabriel, among others. The production of the film began on October 6, 2014. |
Walton as Reporter # 1 Production ( edit ) On October 6 , 2014 , it was announced that James DeMonaco would be back to write and direct the third film , while producers Sebastian Lemercier , Blumhouse Productions ' Jason Blum , and Platinum Dunes partners Michael Bay , Andrew Form , and Brad Fuller , would also be back . On August 3 , 2015 , it was announced that Frank Grillo would return for the sequel to play Leo Barnes . On September 10 , 2015 , more cast was announced , including Betty Gabriel , Edwin Hodge , Kyle Secor , Joseph Julian Soria , Mykelti Williamson , and Elizabeth Mitchell . Filming ( edit ) Shooting began on September 16 , 2015 . Although a few scenes were filmed in Washington , DC , most of the movie was shot in Rhode Island , both in its capital Providence , and Woonsocket . The main streets of Woonsocket were transformed into the near - future Washington , DC . The NFFA - captured Catholic cathedral where Owens ' purge mass takes place , as well as the cathedral crypt scenes , were filmed at the St. Ann 's Church Complex . The Rhode Island State House stood in as the White House and its rotunda and some of its interiors such as the Press Room and basement were also used for filming . Numerous landmarks of both Woonsocket and Providence make cameos in the film . The Roan household was shot in another part of Woonsocket and some of the interiors were shot on a soundstage to allow more room for cameras and crew . Music ( edit ) Nathan Whitehead returned to compose the score , having done the music for the first two Purge films . The soundtrack was released on July 1 , 2016 , to coincide with the release of the film . Release ( edit ) Originally , the film was set to be released on Monday , July 4 , 2016 , to coincide with the Fourth of July , but was moved to Friday , July 1 . It was released in the United Kingdom on August 26 . Home media ( edit ) The Purge : Election Year was released on digital platforms on September 20 , 2016 and on Blu - Ray and DVD on October 4 , 2016 . A 4K UHD Blu - Ray release occurred on June 12 , 2018 . Reception ( edit ) Box Office ( edit ) The Purge : Election Year grossed $79.2 million in North America and $39.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $118.6 million , against a budget of $10 million . Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $44.8 million , when factoring together all expenses and revenues . In the United States and Canada , the film opened alongside The BFG and The Legend of Tarzan , and was projected to gross around $25 million in its opening weekend . The film grossed $3.6 million from Thursday night previews , outperforming both of its predecessors ( the original 's $3.4 million in 2013 and The Purge : Anarchy 's in $2.6 million in 2014 ) . In its opening weekend , the film grossed $31.4 | [
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The Purge : Anarchy 's in $2.6 million in 2014 ) . In its opening weekend , the film grossed $31.4 million , landing in between the $34 million debut for the first film and the $29 million opening for the second , and finished third at the box office behind Finding Dory ( $41.4 million ) and The Legend of Tarzan ( $38.6 million ) . The film grossed a total of $34.8 million over its four - day July 4 holiday frame . Critical response ( edit ) On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an `` rotten '' approval rating of 53 % based on 145 reviews and an average rating of 5.4 / 10 . The audience approval rating was lower at 48 % . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` It is n't particularly subtle , but The Purge : Election Year 's blend of potent jolts and timely themes still add up to a nastily effective diversion . '' On Metacritic , the film has a score of 55 out of 100 based on 31 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` B + '' on an A+ to F scale . A.O. Scott of The New York Times gave the movie a positive review , saying `` '' The Purge : Election Year '' takes itself just seriously enough to provide the expected measure of fun - a blend of aggression , release and relief . '' On the other hand , Alan Zilberman of the Washington Post gave the movie 1.5 stars out of 4 , saying `` Even DeMonaco seems bored by the sieges , escapes and gun battles . Silly one - liners are the only saving grace , and that 's because such acting veterans as Williamson know how to sell them . '' Film critic Christian Toto gave the movie a negative review saying `` Like its predecessors , `` Election Year '' wallows in violence . It adores it . The uglier , the better . And , of course , the cooler , the better . `` Election Year '' is like a feverish Daily Kos blog post brought to life . It 's crude but aimed directly at genre fans who can tolerate preaching as long as the blood keeps flowing . Prequel ( edit ) Main article : The First Purge In September 2016 , James DeMonaco , who wrote and directed every film in the series thus far , stated that the fourth Purge film would be a prequel to the trilogy . The film will reportedly show how the United States got to the point of accepting the Purge Night . On February 17 , 2017 , DeMonaco announced that a fourth installment is in development at Universal Studios . DeMonaco will write the script , while Jason Blum from Blumhouse Productions and Michael Bay , Brad Fuller , and Andrew Form from Platinum Dunes will return to produce the film with Sébastien K. Lemercier . The film was set for a July 4 , 2018 release date . On July 20 , 2017 , it was announced that Gerard McMurray will be directing the fourth film titled , The First Purge . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` The Purge : Election Year ( 15 ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Purge:_Election_Year&oldid=854484183 | -3,417,414,568,395,603,000 | <P> Navigating the hostile streets of Washington D.C. , Barnes and Roan attempt to seek shelter , but are ambushed by a gang of Purgers and taken captive . Before they can be executed , Joe and Marcos kill the gang , having seen the pair 's plight from the store 's rooftop . As they take shelter in the store , the teenage girls return with reinforcements . However , Laney runs over their leader and kills half the group . As the other Purgers threaten to break in , they leave for a safer hideout . The team is ambushed by Danzinger in a helicopter , and seeks refuge beneath an overpass wherein Barnes realizes they were tracked by the bullet lodged inside him , and manages to extract it . After a confrontation with a large number of Crips , the team helps their leader 's injured comrade . In return , the Crips plant the bullet in another area to divert the paramilitary team , which they later eliminate . </P> | Washington D.C. | -3417414568395603091_5 | false | The Purge: Election Year is a 2016 American dystopian action horror film directed by James DeMonaco. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $31.4 million, landing in between the $34 million debut for the first film and the $29 million opening for the second, and finished third at the box office behind Finding Dory and The Legend of Tarzan. The film grossed a total of $34.8 million over its four-day July 4 holiday frame.
Critical response to the film was mixed, with an approval rating of 53% on Rotten Tomatoes and a score of 55 out of 100 on Metacritic. A.O. Scott of The New York Times gave the movie a positive review, while Alan Zilberman of the Washington Post gave it a negative review. Film critic Christian Toto also gave the movie a negative review, stating that "Election Year" wallows in violence and adores it.
The film is set in Washington D.C. and is the third installment in the Purge series. It was announced that a fourth installment, titled The First Purge, would be a prequel to the trilogy, showing how the United States got to the point of accepting the Purge Night. The film was set for a July 4, 2018 release date and was directed by Gerard McMurray. |
Jump up ^ `` The Purge : Election Year ( 15 ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . August 11 , 2016 . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` 2016 Feature Film Study '' ( PDF ) . Film L.A. Inc . May 23 , 2017 . Retrieved July 4 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Purge : Election Year ( 2016 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Purge Series '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Kroll , Justin ( August 3 , 2015 ) . `` Frank Grillo to Return for ' Purge 3 ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . variety.com . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Hipes , Patrick ( September 10 , 2015 ) . `` ' Purge 3 ' Castings : Universal / Blumhouse Pic Gears Up With Additions '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Fleming Jr , Mike ( October 6 , 2014 ) . `` ' The Purge ' Scares Up Third Film With Director James DeMonaco '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Smith , Andy ( September 10 , 2015 ) . `` Movie ' The Purge 3 ' to film in R.I. '' The Providence Journal . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Filming for ' Purge 3 ' begins in Woonsocket '' . valleybreeze.com . September 16 , 2015 . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Heim , R.J. ( September 17 , 2015 ) . `` ' Purge 3 ' begins shooting in Rhode Island '' . turnto10.com . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Stone , Natalie ( January 8 , 2015 ) . `` ' The Purge 3 ' Gets 2016 Release Date '' . Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Purge : Election Year DVD Release Date October 4 , 2016 '' . DVDs Release Dates . Retrieved 2018 - 05 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` The Purge : Election Year DVD Release Date October 4 , 2016 '' . DVDs Release Dates . Retrieved 2018 - 05 - 04 . Jump up ^ The Purge : Election Year 4K Blu - ray , retrieved 2018 - 05 - 04 Jump up ^ Fleming Jr , Mike ( March 30 , 2017 ) . `` The Outliers Of 2016 : Smaller Movies With Big Profits '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Lang , Brent ( June 16 , 2016 ) . `` ' The BFG , ' ' The Legend of Tarzan ' Failing to Generate Much Box Office Heat '' . Variety . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( July 1 , 2016 ) . `` Box Office : ' The Purge 3 ' Expunges ' Legend of Tarzan , ' ' The BFG ' on Thursday Night '' . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Box Office Mojo '' . www.boxofficemojo.com . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Purge : Election Year ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Purge : Election Year reviews '' . Metacritic . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` CinemaScore '' . cinemascore.com . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Review : ' The Purge : Election Year ' Offers a | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Purge:_Election_Year&oldid=854484183 | -3,417,414,568,395,603,000 | <P> Navigating the hostile streets of Washington D.C. , Barnes and Roan attempt to seek shelter , but are ambushed by a gang of Purgers and taken captive . Before they can be executed , Joe and Marcos kill the gang , having seen the pair 's plight from the store 's rooftop . As they take shelter in the store , the teenage girls return with reinforcements . However , Laney runs over their leader and kills half the group . As the other Purgers threaten to break in , they leave for a safer hideout . The team is ambushed by Danzinger in a helicopter , and seeks refuge beneath an overpass wherein Barnes realizes they were tracked by the bullet lodged inside him , and manages to extract it . After a confrontation with a large number of Crips , the team helps their leader 's injured comrade . In return , the Crips plant the bullet in another area to divert the paramilitary team , which they later eliminate . </P> | Washington D.C. | -3417414568395603091_6 | false | "The Purge: Election Year" is a 2016 American dystopian action horror film directed by James DeMonaco. The film is set in Washington D.C. and follows the story of a senator who becomes a presidential candidate and is targeted for assassination on Purge Night. The film was well received by audiences and critics, and it was a commercial success at the box office. The Purge: Election Year was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 4, 2016. The film's setting in the nation's capital adds to the tension and political themes of the story. |
Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Review : ' The Purge : Election Year ' Offers a Campaign Platform of Blood Lust '' . The New York Times . Retrieved May 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` ' The Purge : Election Year ' : Horror franchise turns topical , yet toothless '' . Washington Post . Retrieved May 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` ' Purge : Election Year ' Shamelessly Slams Christians - Hollywood in Toto '' . www.hollywoodintoto.com . Retrieved 2018 - 07 - 28 . Jump up ^ Eisenberg , Eric ( September 29 , 2016 ) . `` This Is What The Purge 4 Will Be About '' . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` New ' Purge ' Movie Gets Summer 2018 Release Date '' . Hollywood Reporter . February 17 , 2017 . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Warning : The Next Purge Will Take Place on July 4 , 2018 '' . February 17 , 2017 . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Evry , Max ( July 20 , 2017 ) . `` The Purge 4 Director Will be Burning Sands ' Gerard McMurray '' . Retrieved April 29 , 2018 . External links ( edit ) Official website The Purge : Election Year on IMDb The Purge : Election Year at Box Office Mojo The Purge franchise Films The Purge The Purge : Anarchy The Purge : Election Year The First Purge Characters Dwayne Bishop Leo Barnes See also The Purge ( TV series ) Meet the Blacks ( parody of films ) Films by James DeMonaco Directed / written Staten Island The Purge The Purge : Anarchy The Purge : Election Year Written only Jack The Negotiator Assault on Precinct 13 Skinwalkers The First Purge Platinum Dunes Company founders Michael Bay Brad Fuller Andrew Form Films The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ( 2003 ) The Amityville Horror ( 2005 ) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning ( 2006 ) The Hitcher ( 2007 ) The Unborn ( 2009 ) Friday the 13th ( 2009 ) Horsemen ( 2009 ) A Nightmare on Elm Street ( 2010 ) The Purge ( 2013 ) The Purge : Anarchy ( 2014 ) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( 2014 ) Ouija ( 2014 ) Project | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Purge:_Election_Year&oldid=854484183 | -3,417,414,568,395,603,000 | <P> Navigating the hostile streets of Washington D.C. , Barnes and Roan attempt to seek shelter , but are ambushed by a gang of Purgers and taken captive . Before they can be executed , Joe and Marcos kill the gang , having seen the pair 's plight from the store 's rooftop . As they take shelter in the store , the teenage girls return with reinforcements . However , Laney runs over their leader and kills half the group . As the other Purgers threaten to break in , they leave for a safer hideout . The team is ambushed by Danzinger in a helicopter , and seeks refuge beneath an overpass wherein Barnes realizes they were tracked by the bullet lodged inside him , and manages to extract it . After a confrontation with a large number of Crips , the team helps their leader 's injured comrade . In return , the Crips plant the bullet in another area to divert the paramilitary team , which they later eliminate . </P> | Washington D.C. | -3417414568395603091_7 | false | "The Purge: Election Year" is a 2016 American dystopian action horror film directed by James DeMonaco. The film is the third installment in The Purge franchise and is set in Washington D.C. The plot revolves around a senator who becomes a target of a Purge Night assassination plot. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with some praising its topicality and others criticizing its lack of substance. The Purge: Election Year was released on July 4, 2018, and was directed by Gerard McMurray. The film is part of the larger Purge franchise, which includes other films such as The Purge, The Purge: Anarchy, and The First Purge. |
) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( 2014 ) Ouija ( 2014 ) Project Almanac ( 2015 ) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles : Out of the Shadows ( 2016 ) The Purge : Election Year ( 2016 ) Ouija : Origin of Evil ( 2016 ) A Quiet Place ( 2018 ) The First Purge ( 2018 ) Dora the Explorer ( 2019 ) Television series Black Sails ( 2014 -- 17 ) The Last Ship ( 2014 -- present ) Billion Dollar Wreck ( 2016 ) Jack Ryan ( 2018 -- present ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Purge:_Election_Year&oldid=854484183 '' Categories : 2016 films English - language films 2016 horror films 2010s action thriller films 2010s crime thriller films 2010s science fiction films American films American horror films American action thriller films American crime thriller films American science fiction horror films American sequel films Blumhouse Productions films Assassinations in fiction Dystopian films Nazism in fiction Action horror films Films directed by James DeMonaco Films produced by Michael Bay Films produced by Jason Blum Films produced by Andrew Form Films produced by Bradley Fuller Films set in 2022 Films set in 2040 Films set in Washington , D.C. Films shot in Rhode Island Platinum Dunes films The Purge ( film series ) Screenplays by James DeMonaco Social science fiction films Films about elections Films about fictional Presidents of the United States Universal Pictures films Death games in fiction Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Purge:_Election_Year&oldid=854484183 | -3,417,414,568,395,603,000 | <P> Navigating the hostile streets of Washington D.C. , Barnes and Roan attempt to seek shelter , but are ambushed by a gang of Purgers and taken captive . Before they can be executed , Joe and Marcos kill the gang , having seen the pair 's plight from the store 's rooftop . As they take shelter in the store , the teenage girls return with reinforcements . However , Laney runs over their leader and kills half the group . As the other Purgers threaten to break in , they leave for a safer hideout . The team is ambushed by Danzinger in a helicopter , and seeks refuge beneath an overpass wherein Barnes realizes they were tracked by the bullet lodged inside him , and manages to extract it . After a confrontation with a large number of Crips , the team helps their leader 's injured comrade . In return , the Crips plant the bullet in another area to divert the paramilitary team , which they later eliminate . </P> | Washington D.C. | -3417414568395603091_8 | false | The film "The Purge: Election Year" takes place in Washington, D.C. This 2016 horror film is part of the "Purge" film series and is set in a dystopian future. The movie is directed by James DeMonaco and produced by Michael Bay, Jason Blum, Andrew Form, and Bradley Fuller. It falls into the categories of action thriller, crime thriller, and science fiction. The plot revolves around a fictional presidential election and is known for its social science fiction elements. |
한국어 Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Português Română Русский 中文 7 more Edit links This page was last edited on 11 August 2018 , at 18 : 04 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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Constitution of South Africa - Wikipedia Constitution of South Africa Jump to : navigation , search South Africa This article is part of a series on the politics and government of South Africa Constitution ( show ) Bill of Rights Executive ( show ) President Jacob Zuma Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa Cabinet Shadow Cabinet Legislative ( show ) National Council of Provinces Chairperson Thandi Modise National Assembly Speaker Baleka Mbete Leader of the Opposition Mmusi Maimane Judiciary ( show ) Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng Deputy Chief Justice Bess Nkabinde ( Acting ) Courts Constitutional Court Supreme Court of Appeal President : Mandisa Maya High Court Magistrate 's courts Electoral Court Elections ( show ) General 1910 1915 1920 1921 1924 1929 1933 1938 1943 1948 1953 1958 1961 1966 1970 1974 1977 1981 1984 1987 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 Municipal 2000 2006 2011 2016 Referendums 1960 1983 1992 Political parties Administrative divisions ( show ) Provinces Districts Metropolitan municipality District municipality Municipalities ( list ) Foreign relations ( show ) Minister of Foreign Affairs Diplomatic missions Passport Related topics ( show ) Human rights Taxation Protests Repression Political assassinations Other countries Atlas The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . Since 1996 , the Constitution has been | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_1 | true | The Constitution of South Africa, written in 1994, is the supreme law of the country. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections. It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997, replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993. |
1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . Since 1996 , the Constitution has been amended by seventeen amendment acts . The Constitution is formally entitled the `` Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996 . '' It was previously also numbered as if it were an Act of Parliament -- Act No. 108 of 1996 -- but , since the passage of the Citation of Constitutional Laws Act , neither it nor the acts amending it are allocated act numbers . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Negotiations 1.2 Interim Constitution 1.3 Final text 2 Contents 2.1 Chapter 1 : Founding Provisions 2.2 Chapter 2 : Bill of Rights 2.3 Chapter 3 : Co-operative Government 2.4 Chapter 4 : Parliament 2.5 Chapter 5 : The President and National Executive 2.6 Chapter 6 : Provinces 2.7 Chapter 7 : Local Government 2.8 Chapter 8 : Courts and Administration of Justice 2.9 Chapter 9 : State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy 2.10 Chapter 10 : Public Administration 2.11 Chapter 11 : Security Services 2.12 Chapter 12 : Traditional Leaders 2.13 Chapter 13 : Finance 2.14 Chapter 14 : General Provisions 2.15 Schedules 3 Amendments 4 Previous constitutions 5 See also 6 Notes and references 7 External links History ( edit ) Negotiations ( edit ) An integral part of the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa was the creation of a new , non-discriminatory constitution ( Tswana , Sotho , Northern Sotho : molaotheo ; Afrikaans : grondwet ; Zulu , Southern Ndebele : umthethosisekelo ; Xhosa : umgaqo - siseko ; Swazi : umtsetfosisekelo ; Venda : ndayotewa ; Tsonga : vumbiwa ) for the country . One of the major disputed issues was the process by which such a constitution would be adopted . The African National Congress ( ANC ) insisted that it should be drawn up by a democratically elected constituent assembly , while the governing National Party ( NP ) feared that the rights of minorities would not be protected in such a process , and proposed instead that the constitution be negotiated by consensus between the parties and then put to a referendum . Formal negotiations began in December 1991 at the Convention for a Democratic South Africa ( CODESA ) . The parties agreed on a process whereby a negotiated transitional constitution would provide for an elected constitutional assembly to draw up a permanent constitution . The CODESA negotiations broke down , however , after the second plenary session in May 1992 . One of the major points of dispute was the size of the supermajority that would be required for the assembly to adopt the constitution : The NP wanted a 75 per cent requirement , | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_2 | false | The Constitution of South Africa was written in 1994, replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993. Since 1996, the Constitution has been amended by seventeen amendment acts. The Constitution is formally entitled the "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996." It was previously also numbered as if it were an Act of Parliament -- Act No. 108 of 1996 -- but, since the passage of the Citation of Constitutional Laws Act, neither it nor the acts amending it are allocated act numbers.
An integral part of the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa was the creation of a new, non-discriminatory constitution for the country. One of the major disputed issues was the process by which such a constitution would be adopted. The African National Congress (ANC) insisted that it should be drawn up by a democratically elected constituent assembly, while the governing National Party (NP) feared that the rights of minorities would not be protected in such a process, and proposed instead that the constitution be negotiated by consensus between the parties and then put to a referendum.
Formal negotiations began in December 1991 at the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA). The parties agreed on a process whereby a negotiated transitional constitution would provide for an elected constitutional assembly to draw up a permanent constitution. The CODESA negotiations broke down, however, after the second plenary session in May 1992. One of the major points of dispute was the size of the supermajority that would be required for the assembly to adopt the constitution: The NP wanted a 75 per cent requirement. |
be required for the assembly to adopt the constitution : The NP wanted a 75 per cent requirement , which would effectively have given it a veto . In April 1993 , the parties returned to negotiations , in what was known as the Multi-Party Negotiating Process ( MPNP ) . A committee of the MPNP proposed the development of a collection of `` constitutional principles '' with which the final constitution would have to comply , so that basic freedoms would be ensured and minority rights protected , without overly limiting the role of the elected constitutional assembly . The parties to the MPNP adopted this idea and proceeded to draft the Interim Constitution of 1993 , which was formally enacted by Parliament and came into force on 27 April 1994 . Interim Constitution ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The Interim Constitution provided for a Parliament made up of two houses : a 400 - member National Assembly , directly elected by party - list proportional representation , and a ninety - member senate , in which each of the nine provinces was represented by ten senators , elected by the provincial legislature . The Constitutional Assembly consisted of both houses sitting together , and was responsible for drawing up a final constitution within two years . The adoption of a new constitutional text required a two - thirds supermajority in the Constitutional Assembly , as well as the support of two - thirds of senators on matters relating to provincial government . If a two - thirds majority could not be obtained , a constitutional text could be adopted by a simple majority and then put to a national referendum in which sixty per cent support would be required for it to pass . The Interim Constitution contained 34 constitutional principles with which the new constitution was required to comply . These included multi-party democracy with regular elections and universal adult suffrage , supremacy of the constitution over all other law , a quasi-federal system in place of centralised government , non-racism and non-sexism , the protection of `` all universally accepted fundamental rights , freedoms and civil liberties , '' equality before the law , the separation of powers with an impartial judiciary , provincial and local levels of government with democratic representation , and protection of the diversity of languages and cultures . The Bill of Rights , now in Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa , was largely written by Kader Asmal and Albie Sachs . The new constitutional text was to be tested against these principles by the newly established Constitutional Court . If the text complied with the principles , it would become the new constitution ; if | [
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Court . If the text complied with the principles , it would become the new constitution ; if it did not , it would be referred back to the Constitutional Assembly . Final text ( edit ) The Constitutional Assembly engaged in a massive public participation programme to solicit views and suggestions from the public . As the deadline for the adoption of a constitutional text approached , however , many issues were hashed out in private meetings between the parties ' representatives . On 8 May 1996 , a new text was adopted with the support of 86 per cent of the members of the assembly , but in the First Certification judgment , delivered on 6 September 1996 , the Constitutional Court refused to certify this text . The Constitutional Court identified a number of provisions that did not comply with the constitutional principles . Areas of non-compliance included failures to protect the right of employees to engage in collective bargaining ; to provide for the constitutional review of ordinary statutes ; to entrench fundamental rights , freedoms and civil liberties and to sufficiently safeguard the independence of the Public Protector and Auditor - General as well as other areas of non-compliance in relation to local government responsibilities and powers . The Constitutional Assembly reconvened and , on 11 October , adopted an amended constitutional text containing many changes relative to the previous text . Some dealt with the court 's reasons for non-certification , while others tightened up the text . The amended text was returned to the Constitutional Court to be certified , which the court duly did in its Second Certification judgment , delivered on 4 December . The Constitution was signed by President Mandela on 10 December and officially published in the Government Gazette on 18 December . It did not come into force immediately ; it was brought into operation on 4 February 1997 , by a presidential proclamation , except for some financial provisions which were delayed until 1 January 1998 . Since its adoption , the Constitution has been amended seventeen times ; these amendments are described in a separate section below . Contents ( edit ) The constitution consists of a preamble , fourteen chapters containing 244 sections , and eight schedules . Each chapter deals with a particular topic ; the schedules contain ancillary information referred to in the main text . Chapter 1 : founding provisions ( edit ) Main article : Chapter 1 of the Constitution of South Africa Chapter 1 enshrines in the constitution key national principles , defines the country 's flag and national anthem , and specifies the official languages and principles of government language policy . It defines South Africa as `` one , sovereign , democratic state '' based on principles of human rights , constitutional supremacy , the rule of law and universal adult suffrage . The chapter contains a supremacy | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_4 | false | The Constitution of South Africa was written in 1994. The process of creating the constitution involved the Constitutional Assembly engaging in a massive public participation program to solicit views and suggestions from the public. The final text was adopted on 8 May 1996 with the support of 86% of the members of the assembly. However, in the First Certification judgment delivered on 6 September 1996, the Constitutional Court refused to certify this text, identifying a number of provisions that did not comply with the constitutional principles. The Constitutional Assembly reconvened and adopted an amended constitutional text on 11 October, which was then certified by the Constitutional Court in its Second Certification judgment delivered on 4 December. The Constitution was signed by President Mandela on 10 December and officially published in the Government Gazette on 18 December. It came into force on 4 February 1997, except for some financial provisions which were delayed until 1 January 1998. Since its adoption, the Constitution has been amended seventeen times. The constitution consists of a preamble, fourteen chapters containing 244 sections, and eight schedules, with each chapter dealing with a particular topic. Chapter 1 of the Constitution enshrines key national principles, defines the country's flag and national anthem, and specifies the official languages and principles of government language policy. It defines South Africa as "one, sovereign, democratic state" based on principles of human rights, constitutional supremacy, the rule of law, and universal adult suffrage. |
supremacy , the rule of law and universal adult suffrage . The chapter contains a supremacy clause which establishes that all other law and actions are subject to the constitution . Chapter 2 : Bill of rights ( edit ) Main article : Chapter 2 of the Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2 is a bill of rights which enumerates the civil , political , economic , social and cultural human rights of the people of South Africa . Most of these rights apply to anyone in the country , with the exception of the right to vote , the right to work and the right to enter the country , which apply only to citizens . They also apply to juristic persons to the extent that they are applicable , taking into account the nature of the right . The rights enumerated are : Section 9 : everyone is equal before the law and has right to equal protection and the benefit of the law . Prohibited grounds of discrimination include race , gender , sex , pregnancy , marital status , ethnic or social origin , colour , sexual orientation , age , disability , religion , conscience , belief , culture , language and birth . Section 10 : the right to human dignity . Section 11 : the right to life , which has been held to prohibit capital punishment , but does not prohibit abortion . Section 12 : the right to freedom and security of the person , including protection against arbitrary detention and detention without trial , the right to be protected against violence , freedom from torture , freedom from cruel , inhuman or degrading punishment , the right to bodily integrity , and reproductive rights . Section 13 : freedom from slavery , servitude or forced labour . Section 14 : the right to privacy , including protection against search and seizure , and the privacy of correspondence . Section 15 : freedom of thought and freedom of religion . Section 16 : freedom of speech and expression , including freedom of the press and academic freedom . Explicitly excluded are propaganda for war , incitement to violence and hate speech . Section 17 : freedom of assembly and the right to protest . Section 18 : freedom of association . Section 19 : the right to vote and universal adult suffrage ; the right to stand for public office ; the right to free , fair and regular elections ; and the right to form , join and campaign for a political party . Section 20 : no citizen may be deprived of citizenship . Section 21 : freedom of movement , including the right to leave South Africa , the right of citizens to a passport and the right to enter South Africa . Section 22 : the right to choose a trade , occupation or profession , although these may be regulated by law . Section 23 : labour rights , including the right to unionise and the right to strike . Section 24 : the right to a healthy environment and the | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_5 | false | The Constitution of South Africa was written in 1994. It contains a supremacy clause which establishes that all other law and actions are subject to the constitution. Chapter 2 of the Constitution is a bill of rights which enumerates the civil, political, economic, social and cultural human rights of the people of South Africa. Most of these rights apply to anyone in the country, with the exception of the right to vote, the right to work and the right to enter the country, which apply only to citizens. The rights enumerated in Chapter 2 include the right to human dignity, the right to life, the right to freedom and security of the person, freedom from slavery, servitude or forced labor, the right to privacy, freedom of thought and freedom of religion, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly and the right to protest, freedom of association, the right to vote and universal adult suffrage, freedom of movement, the right to choose a trade, occupation or profession, labor rights, and the right to a healthy environment. |
and the right to strike . Section 24 : the right to a healthy environment and the right to have the environment protected . Section 25 : the right to property , limited in that property may only be expropriated under a law of general application ( not arbitrarily ) , for a public purpose and with the payment of compensation . Section 26 : the right to housing , including the right to due process with regard to court - ordered eviction and demolition . Section 27 : the rights to food , water , health care and social assistance , which the state must progressively realise within the limits of its resources . Section 28 : children 's rights , including the right to a name and nationality , the right to family or parental care , the right to a basic standard of living , the right to be protected from maltreatment and abuse , the protection from inappropriate child labour , the right not to be detained except as a last resort , the paramountcy of the best interests of the child and the right to an independent lawyer in court cases involving the child , and the prohibition of the military use of children . Section 29 : the right to education , including a universal right to basic education . Section 30 : the right to use the language of one 's choice and to participate in the cultural life of one 's choice . Section 31 : the right of cultural , religious or linguistic communities to enjoy their culture , practise their religion and use their language . Section 32 : the right of access to information , including all information held by the government . Section 33 : the right to justice in administrative action by the government . Section 34 : the right of access to the courts . Section 35 : the rights of arrested , detained and accused people , including the right to silence , protection against self - incrimination , the right to counsel and legal aid , the right to a fair trial , the presumption of innocence and the prohibition of double jeopardy and ex post facto crimes . Section 36 allows the rights listed to be limited only by laws of general application , and only to the extent that the restriction is reasonable and justifiable in `` an open and democratic society based on human dignity , equality and freedom . '' Section 37 allows certain rights to be limited during a state of emergency but places strict procedural limits on the declaration of states of emergency and provides for the rights of people detained as a result . Chapter 3 : co-operative government ( edit ) Chapter 3 deals with the relationships between organs of government in the three `` spheres '' -- national , provincial and local . It lays down a set of principles requiring them to co-operate in good faith and to act in the best interests of the people . It also requires them to attempt to settle disputes | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_6 | false | The Constitution of South Africa was written in 1994. It includes a number of sections that outline the rights of citizens, including the right to strike, the right to a healthy environment, the right to property, the right to housing, the rights to food, water, health care and social assistance, children's rights, the right to education, the right to use the language of one's choice, the right of access to information, the right to justice in administrative action by the government, the right of access to the courts, and the rights of arrested, detained and accused people. Additionally, the constitution allows for certain rights to be limited during a state of emergency, but places strict procedural limits on the declaration of states of emergency and provides for the rights of people detained as a result. Chapter 3 of the constitution deals with the relationships between organs of government in the three "spheres" -- national, provincial and local, requiring them to co-operate in good faith and to act in the best interests of the people. |
to act in the best interests of the people . It also requires them to attempt to settle disputes amicably before resorting to the courts . Chapter 4 : Parliament ( edit ) Chapter 4 defines the structure of Parliament , the legislative branch of the national government . Parliament consists of two houses , the National Assembly ( the lower house ) , which is directly elected by the people , and the National Council of Provinces ( the upper house ) , which is elected by the provincial legislatures . The Chapter defines the principles governing the election and dissolution of the houses , qualifications for membership of Parliament , quorum requirements , procedures for the election of presiding officers , and the powers and privileges and immunities of Parliament and its members . It lays down the process for enacting bills into law ; different procedures are provided for constitutional amendments , ordinary bills not affecting provincial matters , ordinary bills affecting provincial matters , and money bills . Chapter 5 : the President and National executive ( edit ) Chapter 5 defines the structure of the national executive and the powers of the President . It provides for the election and removal of the President by the National Assembly , and limits a President to two five - year terms . It vests in him or her the powers of the head of state and head of government ; it provides for the appointment of a Cabinet by the President ; and it provides for the accountability to Parliament of the President and Cabinet . Chapter 6 : provinces ( edit ) See also : Provincial governments of South Africa Chapter 6 establishes the nine provinces of South Africa and defines the powers and structure of the provincial governments . The boundaries of the provinces are defined by reference to Schedule 1A to the Constitution , which refers in turn to the boundaries of the metropolitan and district municipalities . In some respects , the chapter is a template which a province may modify to a limited extent by adopting its own provincial constitution . ( The only province so far to have done this is the Western Cape . ) The chapter provides for a unicameral legislature , a Premier elected by the legislature as head of the provincial executive , and an Executive Council appointed by the Premier as a provincial cabinet . The provincial government is given exclusive powers over certain matters , listed in Schedule 5 , and powers concurrent with the national government over other matters , listed in Schedule 4 . The chapter regulates the conflict between national and provincial legislation on the same topic , setting out the circumstances under which one or the other will prevail . Chapter 7 : local government ( edit ) Chapter 7 sets out a framework for local government . It requires municipalities to be established for the whole territory of South Africa , and | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_7 | false | The Constitution of South Africa was written in 1994. It outlines the structure of the national government, including the legislative branch, the national executive, provinces, and local government. The Constitution also defines the powers and responsibilities of the President, Parliament, and provincial governments. It emphasizes the importance of acting in the best interests of the people and settling disputes amicably before resorting to the courts. The Constitution establishes the principles governing the election and dissolution of the houses of Parliament, qualifications for membership of Parliament, and procedures for enacting bills into law. Additionally, it provides for the establishment of municipalities for the whole territory of South Africa. |
. It requires municipalities to be established for the whole territory of South Africa , and provides for three categories of municipalities , whereby some areas are governed by a single `` Category A '' municipal authority and others are governed by a two - level system with a larger `` Category C '' municipality containing multiple `` Category B '' municipalities . The municipalities are granted the power to administer certain matters listed in Schedules 4 and 5 , and the executive and legislative authority is vested in the municipal council . The chapter requires municipal elections to be held every five years . Chapter 8 : courts and administration of Justice ( edit ) Chapter 8 establishes the structure of the judicial system . It defines the hierarchy consisting of Magistrates ' Courts , the High Court , the Supreme Court of Appeal , and the Constitutional Court . It provides for the appointment of judges by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission and establishes a single National Prosecuting Authority responsible for all criminal prosecutions . Chapter 9 : state institutions supporting Constitutional democracy ( edit ) See also : Chapter nine institutions Chapter 9 creates a number of other commissions and offices to protect and support democracy and human rights . These are the Public Protector ( an ombudsman ) , the South African Human Rights Commission , the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural , Religious and Linguistic Communities , the Commission for Gender Equality , the Auditor - General , the Independent Electoral Commission and the Independent Communications Authority . Chapter 10 : public administration ( edit ) Chapter 10 lists values and principles for the administration of the civil service and establishes the Public Service Commission to oversee it . Chapter 11 : security services ( edit ) Chapter 11 establishes structures for civilian control of the Defence Force , the Police Service and the intelligence services . It makes the President the Commander - in - Chief of the defence force but places conditions on when and how it may be employed and requires regular reports to Parliament . The police service is placed under the control of the national government but gives provincial governments some power to administer and oversee policing . Chapter 12 : traditional leaders ( edit ) Chapter 12 recognises the status and authority of traditional leaders and customary law , subject to the Constitution . It allows for the creation of provincial houses of traditional leaders and a national council of traditional leaders . Chapter 13 : finance ( edit ) Chapter 13 deals with public finance . It establishes a National Revenue Fund , from which money may be appropriated only by an act of Parliament , and Provincial Revenue Funds , from which money may only be | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_8 | false | The Constitution of South Africa was written in 1994. It establishes the structure of the judicial system, defines the hierarchy of the courts, and provides for the appointment of judges by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. The Constitution also creates a number of commissions and offices to protect and support democracy and human rights, such as the Public Protector, the South African Human Rights Commission, and the Commission for Gender Equality. Additionally, it lists values and principles for the administration of the civil service and establishes the Public Service Commission to oversee it. The Constitution also establishes structures for civilian control of the Defence Force, the Police Service, and the intelligence services, and recognizes the status and authority of traditional leaders and customary law. Furthermore, it deals with public finance, establishing a National Revenue Fund and Provincial Revenue Funds. |
only by an act of Parliament , and Provincial Revenue Funds , from which money may only be appropriated by an act of the provincial legislature . It provides for an equitable distribution of national revenue to the provinces and municipalities , and grants provincial and local governments the powers to raise certain rates and taxes . It requires effective and transparent budgeting at all levels of government and gives the National Treasury the power to oversee budgetary processes . It places some restrictions on government procurement and government borrowing . The chapter establishes the Financial and Fiscal Commission , to advise government on financial matters , and the Reserve Bank , to oversee the currency . Chapter 14 : general provisions ( edit ) The final chapter deals with transitional and incidental provisions . In particular , the first part deals with international law , providing that existing agreements binding South Africa will continue to bind it , and that new agreements ( except those of a technical nature ) will only be binding once approved by Parliament . It also provides that customary international law applies in South African unless it conflicts with national law , and that the courts must , where possible , interpret national law to be consistent with international law . The remainder of the chapter contains a miscellaneous collection of provisions , allowing Parliament to enact Charters of Rights which expand on the Bill of Rights ; allowing recognition of the right of self - determination of communities within South Africa ; requiring public funding for political parties represented in national and provincial legislatures ; requiring that obligations imposed by the constitution be carried out without delay ; providing that some executive powers may be delegated by one organ of state to another ; defining certain terms used in the text of the constitution ; and , as the Constitution is published in all eleven official languages , providing that the English text is authoritative in the event of a conflict . Chapter 14 also repeals the Interim Constitution and refers to Schedule 6 to govern the process of transition to the new constitution . Finally , it gives the Constitution its formal title , `` Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996 , '' and defines the schedule for its commencement , under which the President set the date of commencement for most sections , although certain sections dealing with financial matters commenced only on 1 January 1998 . Schedules ( edit ) Schedule 1 , referred to in Chapter 1 , describes the national flag . Schedule 1A , referred to in Chapter 6 , defines the geographical areas of the provinces , by reference to maps published by the Municipal Demarcation Board defining the metropolitan and district municipalities . | [
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by the Municipal Demarcation Board defining the metropolitan and district municipalities . Schedule 2 contains the texts of the oaths or solemn affirmations to be sworn by political office - holders and judges . Schedule 3 describes the procedure for the election of the President by the National Assembly and the election of presiding officers by legislative bodies , as well as the formula whereby seats in the National Council of Provinces are to be allocated to political parties . Schedule 4 lists the `` functional areas '' over which Parliament and the provincial legislatures have concurrent competence to legislate . Schedule 5 lists the functional areas over which the provincial legislatures have exclusive competence to legislate . Schedule 6 details the transitional arrangements by which institutions existing under the previous constitution were converted into the institutions established by the new constitution . It provides for the continuation of existing laws and the assignment of their administration to the provincial governments where appropriate . It also provides for certain sections of the old constitution to continue in force despite its repeal , and subject to amendments listed in the schedule . It also includes temporary amendments to the Constitution 's own text which allowed the Government of National Unity to continue until the 1999 election . Schedule 7 lists the laws repealed by the new constitution , these being the interim constitution and the ten amendments made to it . Amendments ( edit ) Section 74 of the Constitution provides that a bill to amend the Constitution can only be passed if at least two - thirds of the members of the National Assembly ( that is , at least 267 of the 400 members ) vote in favour of it . If the amendment affects provincial powers or boundaries , or if it amends the Bill of Rights , at least six of the nine provinces in the National Council of Provinces must also vote for it . To amend section 1 of the Constitution , which establishes the existence of South Africa as a sovereign , democratic state , and lays out the country 's founding values , would require the support of three - quarters of the members of the National Assembly . There have been seventeen amendments since 1996 . Amendment Date of assent Date of commencement Brief description First 28 August 1997 4 February 1997 ( retroactive ) Provided that an Acting President need not swear the oath of office again if they had previously served as Acting President . Allowed the President of the Constitutional Court to designate another judge to administer the oath of office to the President or Acting President . Extended the cut - off date for deeds which could be considered for amnesty by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 6 | [
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for deeds which could be considered for amnesty by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 6 December 1993 to 11 May 1994 . Second 28 September 1998 7 October 1998 Extended the term of office of municipal councils from four to five years , and modified the schedule for the transformation of local government . Allowed the nomination of alternate members of the Judicial Service Commission to replace unavailable members . Allowed Parliament to assign additional powers to the Public Service Commission . Renamed the Human Rights Commission the South African Human Rights Commission . Third 20 October 1998 30 October 1998 Allowed the demarcation of municipalities partly in one province and partly in another . Effectively repealed by the 12th Amendment . Fourth 17 March 1999 19 March 1999 Clarified that elections to the National Assembly and the provincial legislatures may be called either before or after the term of office of the previous Assembly or legislature has expired . Modified the formula for the allocation to parties of seats in the National Council of Provinces . Allowed the chairperson and deputy chairperson of the Financial and Fiscal Commission to be part - time members . Passed as two separate acts because of the special procedures for provincial matters which applied to some of the changes . Fifth Sixth 20 November 2001 21 November 2001 Renamed Chief Justice to President of the Supreme Court of Appeal , and renamed President of the Constitutional Court to Chief Justice . Allowed an Act of Parliament to extend the term of office of a Constitutional Court judge . Permitted the President to appoint two Deputy Ministers from outside the National Assembly . Extended the powers of municipal councils to raise loans . Seventh 7 December 2001 26 April 2002 / 1 December 2003 Various amendments relating to the passage of financial legislation and the financial relationship between the provincial and national governments . Eighth 19 June 2002 20 June 2002 Allowed members of municipal councils to cross the floor , that is , to move from one political party to another without losing their seats . Effectively repealed by the 14th and 15th Amendments . Ninth 19 June 2002 20 June 2002 Provided for the re-allocation of seats in the National Council of Provinces after floor - crossing in provincial legislatures . The Loss or Retention of Membership of National and Provincial Legislatures Act , 2002 , which would have allowed floor - crossing in the National Assembly and provincial legislatures , was declared unconstitutional by | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_11 | true | The South African Constitution was written in 1994. This was a significant time in the country's history, as it marked the end of apartheid and the beginning of a new era of democracy. The constitution was a key part of the transition to a more inclusive and equitable society, and it continues to shape the country's political and legal landscape to this day. |
- crossing in the National Assembly and provincial legislatures , was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court . Effectively repealed by the 14th and 15th Amendments . Tenth 19 March 2003 20 March 2003 Allowed floor - crossing in the National Assembly and provincial legislatures . Effectively repealed by the 14th and 15th Amendments . Eleventh 9 April 2003 11 July 2003 Renamed the Northern Province to Limpopo Province . Modified the procedure for national government intervention in dysfunctional provincial governments . Expanded the powers of provincial governments to intervene in dysfunctional municipalities . Twelfth 22 December 2005 1 March 2006 Redefined the boundaries of the provinces in terms of the district and metropolitan municipalities , and repealed the provisions inserted by the 3rd amendment which allowed for cross-boundary municipalities . The community of Matatiele , which had been transferred from KwaZulu - Natal to the Eastern Cape , challenged the amendment before the Constitutional Court , which ruled that the KwaZulu - Natal Legislature had not allowed for the necessary public participation before approving the amendment . The court 's order was suspended for eighteen months and Parliament re-enacted the changes in the 13th Amendment . Thirteenth 13 December 2007 14 December 2007 Re-enacted the transfer of Matatiele from KwaZulu - Natal to the Eastern Cape . Fourteenth 6 January 2009 17 April 2009 Repealed the floor - crossing provisions added by the 8th , 9th and 10th Amendments , making it impossible for a legislator to cross the floor without losing his or her seat . Passed as two separate acts because of the special procedures for provincial matters which applied to some of the changes . Fifteenth Sixteenth 25 March 2009 3 April 2009 Transferred the Merafong City Local Municipality from North West province to Gauteng , reversing a change made by the 12th Amendment . Seventeenth 1 February 2013 23 August 2013 Declared the Chief Justice to be head of the judiciary . Allowed the appointment of an acting Deputy Chief Justice . Extended the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court over non-constitutional matters . Removed the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Appeal over appeals from the Labour and Competition Appeal Courts . Restructured the High Courts as divisions of a single High Court of South Africa . Previous constitutions ( edit ) The South Africa Act 1909 , an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , unified four British colonies | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_12 | false | The Constitution of South Africa was written in 1994. It has undergone several amendments since then, including the 14th and 15th Amendments which effectively repealed the floor-crossing provisions in the National Assembly and provincial legislatures. The 11th Amendment, passed in 2003, renamed the Northern Province to Limpopo Province and modified the procedure for national government intervention in dysfunctional provincial governments. The 12th Amendment, passed in 2005, redefined the boundaries of the provinces in terms of the district and metropolitan municipalities and repealed the provisions inserted by the 3rd amendment which allowed for cross-boundary municipalities. The 13th Amendment, passed in 2007, re-enacted the transfer of Matatiele from KwaZulu-Natal to the Eastern Cape. The 14th Amendment, passed in 2009, repealed the floor-crossing provisions added by the 8th, 9th and 10th Amendments, making it impossible for a legislator to cross the floor without losing his or her seat. The 15th Amendment, passed in 2009, transferred the Merafong City Local Municipality from North West province to Gauteng, reversing a change made by the 12th Amendment. The 17th Amendment, passed in 2013, declared the Chief Justice to be head of the judiciary, allowed the appointment of an acting Deputy Chief Justice, extended the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court over non-constitutional matters, removed the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Appeal over appeals from the Labour and Competition Appeal Courts, and restructured the High Courts as divisions of a single High Court of South Africa. |
Africa Act 1909 , an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , unified four British colonies -- Cape Colony , Transvaal Colony , Orange River Colony and Natal Colony -- into the Union of South Africa , a self - governing Dominion . The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act , 1961 transformed the Union into a Republic , replacing the Queen with a State President , but otherwise leaving the system of government unchanged . The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act , 1983 created the Tricameral Parliament , with separate houses representing white , coloured and Indian people but without representation for black people . The figurehead State President and executive Prime Minister were replaced by an executive State President . The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1993 or Interim Constitution was introduced at the end of apartheid to govern the period of transition . It introduced universal adult suffrage , constitutional supremacy and a bill of rights . See also ( edit ) Law of South Africa Public Protector Constitution Constitutional law Constitutional economics Constitutionalism Notes and references ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` The Constitution : The certification process '' . Constitutional Court of South Africa . Retrieved 13 October 2009 . Jump up ^ Act 5 of 2005 . ^ Jump up to : Barnes , Catherine ; de Klerk , Eldred ( 2002 ) . `` South Africa 's multi-party constitutional negotiation process '' . Owning the process : Public participation in peacemaking . Conciliation Resources . Retrieved 19 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Goldstone , Richard ( 1997 ) . `` The South African Bill of Rights '' . Texas International Law Journal . 32 : 451 -- 470 . Jump up ^ Certification of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996 ( 1996 ) ZACC 26 , 1996 ( 4 ) SA 744 , 1996 ( 10 ) BCLR 1253 ( 6 September 1996 ) , Constitutional Court ( South Africa ) Jump up ^ Certification of the Amended Text of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa ( 1996 ) ZACC 24 , 1997 ( 2 ) SA 97 , 1997 ( 1 ) BCLR 1 ( 4 December 1996 ) , Constitutional Court ( South Africa ) Jump up ^ The last section is numbered 243 , but a section 230A was inserted after section 230 by the Sixth Amendment . Jump up ^ S v Makwanyane 1995 ( 3 ) SA 391 ( CC ) . Jump up ^ Christian Lawyers Association v Minister of Health 1998 ( 4 ) SA 1113 ( T ) . Jump up ^ s 36 ( 1 ) . External links ( edit ) Wikisource has original works on the topic : Constitutional documents of South Africa South African Government Information : Constitution Department of Justice and Constitutional Development : The Constitution Constitutional Court of | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_13 | false | The Africa Act 1909 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that unified four British colonies into the Union of South Africa. The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961 transformed the Union into a Republic, replacing the Queen with a State President. The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983 created the Tricameral Parliament, with separate houses representing white, coloured, and Indian people but without representation for black people. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 or Interim Constitution was introduced at the end of apartheid to govern the period of transition. It introduced universal adult suffrage, constitutional supremacy, and a bill of rights. The constitution of South Africa was written in 1994. |
of Justice and Constitutional Development : The Constitution Constitutional Court of South Africa The history of the Constitution The text ( hide ) Constitution of South Africa Chapters 1 : Founding Provisions 2 : Bill of Rights 3 : Co-operative Government 4 : Parliament 5 : President and National Executive 6 : Provinces 7 : Local Government 8 : Courts and Administration of Justice 9 : State Institutions supporting Constitutional Democracy 10 : Public Administration 11 : Security Services 12 : Traditional Leaders 13 : Finance 14 : General Provisions Schedules Amendments First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth Previous South Africa Act 1909 Constitution Act , 1961 Constitution Act , 1983 Interim Constitution , 1993 Related Constitutional Court Chapter nine institutions Negotiations to end apartheid Citation of Constitutional Laws Act Text of the Constitution South Africa articles History Timeline ( nl ) Years Early history Cape Colony Orange Free State Transvaal First Boer War Second Boer War Great Depression World War II Apartheid Border War Since 1994 By topic Economy Military Geography Districts Earthquakes Estuaries Forests Islands Lakes Mountain ranges Municipalities National parks Populated places Provinces Rivers Wildlife Politics Constitution Courts Elections Foreign relations | [
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Constitution Courts Elections Foreign relations Government Human rights Law Parliament Political parties President State security and intelligence Minister Co-ordinating committee ( NICC ) Intelligence agency ( NIA ) Communications centre ( NCC ) Communications security ( COMSEC ) Secret Service ( SASS ) Intelligence academy ( SANAI ) Law enforcement Department of Police Police Service Criminal intelligence ( SAPS ) Special Task Force National Intervention Unit NFDD Municipal Police Independent Complaints Directorate Department of Correctional Services Biometrics use Military Department of Defence Defence Force Air Force Army Navy Military Health Service Special Forces Commando System Intelligence Economy Agriculture Communications Economic history Energy Foreign trade Mining industry Rand ( currency ) Stock exchange Taxation Tourism Trade unions Transportation Water and sanitation Society Crime Education Feminism Health Healthcare Immigration Intersex Languages LGBT Racism Religion Sexual violence Social movements Xenophobia Culture Architecture Art Cinema Cuisine Flag HIV / AIDS Homelessness Literature Media Music Public holidays Sports Demographics Asian Indian Chinese Bantu Ndebele Pedi Sotho Swazi Tsonga Tswana Venda Xhosa Zulu Coloured Cape Coloured Cape Malay Griqua Khoisan White Afrikaner British Outline Index | [
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Outline Index Portal Constitutions in Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde ( Cabo Verde ) Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea - Bissau Ivory Coast ( Côte d'Ivoire ) Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla / ( see also plazas de soberanía ) ( Spain ) Madeira ( Portugal ) Mayotte / Réunion ( France ) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha ( United Kingdom ) Western Sahara Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 '' Categories : Constitution of South Africa 1996 in South African law Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from November 2012 Use South African English from November 2012 All Wikipedia articles written in South African English Articles containing Afrikaans - language text Articles containing Xhosa - language text Articles containing Swazi - language text Articles containing Venda - language text Articles containing Tsonga - language text Articles needing additional references from December 2016 All articles needing additional references Interlanguage link template link number Talk | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_16 | false | The Constitution of South Africa was written in 1994. This document outlines the sovereign states, states with limited recognition, and dependencies and other territories in Africa. It provides a comprehensive index of the constitutions of various African countries, including Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde (Cabo Verde), and many others. Additionally, it includes information on states with limited recognition such as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and Somaliland, as well as dependencies and other territories like the Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla, Madeira, Mayotte, Réunion, Saint Helena, Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha, and Western Sahara. This article is a valuable resource for anyone seeking information on the constitutions of African countries. |
Contents About Wikipedia Languages Afrikaans Esperanto Français ગુજરાતી Italiano עברית Latina 日本 語 Norsk Novial Polski Português Русский Українська Xitsonga Edit links This page was last edited on 12 September 2017 , at 17 : 12 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_South_Africa&oldid=800297285 | -3,174,481,707,146,948,600 | <P> The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the country of South Africa . It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic , sets out the rights and duties of its citizens , and defines the structure of the government . The current constitution , the country 's fifth , was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections . It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18th December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997 , replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993 . </P> | 1994 | -3174481707146948605_17 | false | The Wikipedia page about the Constitution of South Africa does not contain the specific information about when the constitution was written. However, the constitution was written in 1994. For more detailed information about the Constitution of South Africa, please refer to the full Wikipedia article. |
Motte - and - bailey castle - wikipedia Motte - and - bailey castle Jump to : navigation , search `` Motte '' redirects here . For other uses , see Motte ( disambiguation ) . A motte - and - bailey castle is a fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork called a motte , accompanied by an enclosed courtyard , or bailey , surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade . Relatively easy to build with unskilled , often forced , labour , but still militarily formidable , these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards , spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France , into the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century . The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales following their invasion in 1066 . Motte - and - bailey castles were adopted in Scotland , Ireland , the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries . By the end of the 13th century , the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification , but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries . A reconstruction of the English city of York in the 15th century , showing the motte and bailey fortifications of Old Baile ( left ) and York Castle ( right ) Contents ( hide ) 1 Architecture 1.1 Structures 1.1. 1 Motte 1.1. 2 Bailey 1.2 Construction and maintenance 2 History 2.1 Emergence of the design 2.2 Initial development , 10th and 11th centuries 2.3 Further expansion , 12th and 13th centuries 2.4 Conversion and decline , 13th -- 14th centuries 2.5 Today 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Bibliography Architecture Structures Plan of Topcliffe Castle in England , an archetypal motte - and - bailey design . Castle Pulverbatch in England was built in the 11th or 12th century and abandoned by 1202 . This DEM shows the motte just left of centre , with the bailey to the right ( north - east ) of it . A motte - and - bailey castle was made up of two structures , a motte , a type of mound -- often artificial -- topped with a wooden or stone structure known as a keep ; and at least one bailey , a fortified enclosure built next to the motte . The term `` motte and bailey '' is a relatively modern one , and is not medieval in origin . The word `` motte '' is the French version of the Latin mota , and in France the word motte was initially an early word for a turf ; it then became used to refer to a turf bank , and by the 12th century was used to refer to the castle design itself . The word `` bailey '' comes from the Norman - French baille , or basse - cour , referring to a low yard . In medieval sources , the Latin term castellum was used to describe the bailey complex within these castles . One contemporary account | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Motte-and-bailey_castle&oldid=824295549 | 1,777,603,712,749,426,200 | <P> The earliest purely documentary evidence for motte - and - bailey castles in Normandy and Angers comes from between 1020 and 1040 , but a combination of documentary and archaeological evidence pushes the date for the first motte and bailey castle , at Vincy , back to 979 . The castles were built by the more powerful lords of Anjou in the late 10th and 11th centuries , in particular Fulk III and his son , Geoffrey II , who built a great number of them between 987 and 1060 . Many of these earliest castles would have appeared quite crude and rustic by later standards , belying the power and prestige of their builders . William the Conqueror , as the Duke of Normandy , is believed to have adopted the motte - and - bailey design from neighbouring Anjou . Duke William went on to prohibit the building of castles without his consent through the Consuetudines et Justicie , with his legal definition of castles centring on the classic motte - and - bailey features of ditching , banking and palisading . </P> | 979 | 1777603712749426176_1 | false | A motte-and-bailey castle is a type of fortification that was built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards. The design was introduced into England and Wales following the Norman invasion in 1066 and was later adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. The motte-and-bailey castle was relatively easy to build with unskilled labor, but still militarily formidable. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries. The first motte-and-bailey castle was built in 979. |
was used to describe the bailey complex within these castles . One contemporary account of these structures comes from Jean de Colmieu around 1130 , describing the Calais region in northern France . De Colmieu described how the nobles would build `` a mound of earth as high as they can and dig a ditch about it as wide and deep as possible . The space on top of the mound is enclosed by a palisade of very strong hewn logs , strengthened at intervals by as many towers as their means can provide . Inside the enclosure is a citadel , or keep , which commands the whole circuit of the defences . The entrance to the fortress is by means of a bridge , which , rising from the outer side of the moat and supported on posts as it ascends , reaches to the top of the mound . '' At Durham Castle , contemporaries described how the motte - and - bailey superstructure arose from the `` tumulus of rising earth '' with a keep rising `` into thin air , strong within and without '' with a `` stalwart house ... glittering with beauty in every part '' . Motte The motte and bailey defences of Launceston Castle in England . Mottes were made out of earth and flattened on top , and it can be very hard to determine whether a mound is artificial or natural without excavation . Some were also built over older artificial structures , such as Bronze Age barrows . The size of mottes varied considerably , with these mounds being 3 metres to 30 metres in height ( 10 feet to 100 feet ) , and from 30 to 90 metres ( 98 to 295 ft ) in diameter . This minimum height of 3 metres ( 9.8 feet ) for mottes is usually intended to exclude smaller mounds which often had non-military purposes . In England and Wales , only 7 % of mottes were taller than 10 metres ( 33 feet ) high ; 24 % were between 10 and 5 metres ( 33 and 16 ft ) , and 69 % were less than 5 metres ( 16 feet ) tall . A motte was protected by a ditch around it , which would typically have also been a source of the earth and soil for constructing the mound itself . A keep and a protective wall would usually be built on top of the motte . Some walls would be large enough to have a wall - walk around them , and the outer walls of the motte and the wall - walk could be strengthened by filling in the gap between the wooden walls with earth and stones , allowing it to carry more weight ; this was called a garillum . Smaller mottes could only support simple towers with room for a few soldiers , whilst larger mottes could be equipped with a much grander building . Many wooden keeps were designed with a bretasche , a square building that overhung from the upper floors of the building , enabling better defences and a more sturdy structural design . The early 12th - century chronicler Lambert of Ardres described the wooden keep on top of the motte at the castle of Ardres , where the `` first storey was on the surface of the ground , where were cellars and granaries , and great boxes , tuns , casks , and other | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Motte-and-bailey_castle&oldid=824295549 | 1,777,603,712,749,426,200 | <P> The earliest purely documentary evidence for motte - and - bailey castles in Normandy and Angers comes from between 1020 and 1040 , but a combination of documentary and archaeological evidence pushes the date for the first motte and bailey castle , at Vincy , back to 979 . The castles were built by the more powerful lords of Anjou in the late 10th and 11th centuries , in particular Fulk III and his son , Geoffrey II , who built a great number of them between 987 and 1060 . Many of these earliest castles would have appeared quite crude and rustic by later standards , belying the power and prestige of their builders . William the Conqueror , as the Duke of Normandy , is believed to have adopted the motte - and - bailey design from neighbouring Anjou . Duke William went on to prohibit the building of castles without his consent through the Consuetudines et Justicie , with his legal definition of castles centring on the classic motte - and - bailey features of ditching , banking and palisading . </P> | 979 | 1777603712749426176_2 | false | The term "motte and bailey" was used to describe the bailey complex within these castles. One contemporary account of these structures comes from Jean de Colmieu around 1130, describing the Calais region in northern France. De Colmieu described how the nobles would build "a mound of earth as high as they can and dig a ditch about it as wide and deep as possible. The space on top of the mound is enclosed by a palisade of very strong hewn logs, strengthened at intervals by as many towers as their means can provide. Inside the enclosure is a citadel, or keep, which commands the whole circuit of the defences. The entrance to the fortress is by means of a bridge, which, rising from the outer side of the moat and supported on posts as it ascends, reaches to the top of the mound." At Durham Castle, contemporaries described how the motte-and-bailey superstructure arose from the "tumulus of rising earth" with a keep rising "into thin air, strong within and without" with a "stalwart house...glittering with beauty in every part".
Mottes were made out of earth and flattened on top, and it can be very hard to determine whether a mound is artificial or natural without excavation. Some were also built over older artificial structures, such as Bronze Age barrows. The size of mottes varied considerably, with these mounds being 3 metres to 30 metres in height (10 feet to 100 feet), and from 30 to 90 metres (98 to 295 ft) in diameter. This minimum height of 3 metres (9.8 feet) for mottes is usually intended to exclude smaller mounds which often had non-military purposes. In England and Wales, only 7% of mottes were taller than 10 metres (33 feet) high; 24% were between 10 and 5 metres (33 and 16 ft), and 69% were less than 5 metres (16 feet) tall. A motte was protected by a ditch around it, which would typically have also been a source of the earth and soil for constructing the mound itself.
A keep and a protective wall would usually be built on top of the motte. Some walls would be large enough to have a wall-walk around them, and the outer walls of the motte and the wall-walk could be strengthened by filling in the gap between the wooden walls with earth and stones, allowing it to carry more weight; this was called a garillum. Smaller mottes could only support simple towers with room for a few soldiers, whilst larger mottes could be equipped with a much grander building. Many wooden keeps were designed with a bretasche, a square building that overhung from the upper floors of the building, enabling better defences and a more sturdy structural design. The early 12th-century chronicler Lambert of Ardres described the wooden keep on top of the motte at the castle of Ardres, where the "first storey was on the surface of the ground, where were cellars and granaries, and great boxes, tuns, casks, and other. |
of the ground , where were cellars and granaries , and great boxes , tuns , casks , and other domestic utensils . In the storey above were the dwelling and common living - rooms of the residents in which were the larders , the rooms of the bakers and butlers , and the great chamber in which the lord and his wife slept ... In the upper storey of the house were garret rooms ... In this storey also the watchmen and the servants appointed to keep the house took their sleep '' . Wooden structures on mottes could be protected by skins and hides to prevent them being easily set alight during a siege . Bailey The bailey was an enclosed courtyard overlooked by the motte and surrounded by a wooden fence called a palisade and another ditch . The bailey was often kidney - shaped to fit against a circular motte , but could be made in other shapes according to the terrain . The bailey would contain a wide number of buildings , including a hall , kitchens , a chapel , barracks , stores , stables , forges or workshops , and was the centre of the castle 's economic activity . The bailey was linked to the motte either by a flying bridge stretching between the two , or , more popularly in England , by steps cut into the motte . Typically the ditch of the motte and the bailey joined , forming a figure of eight around the castle . Wherever possible , nearby streams and rivers would be dammed or diverted , creating water - filled moats , artificial lakes and other forms of water defences . In practice , there was a wide number of variations to this common design . A castle could have more than one bailey : at Warkworth Castle an inner and an outer bailey was constructed , or alternatively , several baileys could flank the motte , as at Windsor Castle . Some baileys had two mottes , such as those at Lincoln . Some mottes could be square instead of round , such as at Cabal Trump . Instead of single ditches , occasionally double - ditch defences were built , as seen at Berkhamsted . Local geography and the intent of the builder produced many unique designs . Construction and maintenance Building a motte , from the Bayeux Tapestry Various methods were used to build mottes . Where a natural hill could be used , scarping could produce a motte without the need to create an artificial mound , but more commonly much of the motte would have to be constructed by hand . Four methods existed for building a mound and a tower : the mound could either be built first , and a tower placed on top of it ; the tower could alternatively be built on the original ground surface and then buried within the mound ; the tower could potentially be built on the original ground surface and then partially buried within the mound , the buried part forming a cellar beneath ; or the tower could be built first , and the mound added later . Regardless of the sequencing , artificial mottes had to be built by piling up earth ; this work was undertaken by hand | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Motte-and-bailey_castle&oldid=824295549 | 1,777,603,712,749,426,200 | <P> The earliest purely documentary evidence for motte - and - bailey castles in Normandy and Angers comes from between 1020 and 1040 , but a combination of documentary and archaeological evidence pushes the date for the first motte and bailey castle , at Vincy , back to 979 . The castles were built by the more powerful lords of Anjou in the late 10th and 11th centuries , in particular Fulk III and his son , Geoffrey II , who built a great number of them between 987 and 1060 . Many of these earliest castles would have appeared quite crude and rustic by later standards , belying the power and prestige of their builders . William the Conqueror , as the Duke of Normandy , is believed to have adopted the motte - and - bailey design from neighbouring Anjou . Duke William went on to prohibit the building of castles without his consent through the Consuetudines et Justicie , with his legal definition of castles centring on the classic motte - and - bailey features of ditching , banking and palisading . </P> | 979 | 1777603712749426176_3 | false | The first motte and bailey castle was built in 979. The castle consisted of a motte, which was a raised earthwork mound, and a bailey, which was an enclosed courtyard surrounded by a wooden fence and another ditch. The motte was often topped with a wooden or stone structure, while the bailey contained various buildings such as a hall, kitchens, a chapel, barracks, stores, stables, forges, or workshops. The castle's economic activity was centered in the bailey. The motte and bailey design varied in different castles, with some having more than one bailey, multiple mottes, or unique double-ditch defenses. The construction of mottes involved various methods, including building a mound first and placing a tower on top of it, building a tower on the original ground surface and burying it within the mound, or building a tower first and adding the mound later. The construction of artificial mottes required piling up earth by hand. |
, artificial mottes had to be built by piling up earth ; this work was undertaken by hand , using wooden shovels and hand - barrows , possibly with picks as well in the later periods . Larger mottes took disproportionately more effort to build than their smaller equivalents , because of the volumes of earth involved . The largest mottes in England , such as Thetford , are estimated to have required up to 24,000 man - days of work ; smaller ones required perhaps as little as 1,000 . Contemporary accounts talk of some mottes being built in a matter of days , although these low figures have led to suggestions by historians that either these figures were an underestimate , or that they refer to the construction of a smaller design than that later seen on the sites concerned . Taking into account estimates of the likely available manpower during the period , historians estimate that the larger mottes might have taken between four and nine months to build . This contrasted favourably with stone keeps of the period , which typically took up to ten years to build . Very little skilled labour was required to build motte and bailey castles , which made them very attractive propositions if forced peasant labour was available , as was the case after the Norman invasion of England . Where the local workforce had to be paid -- such as at Clones in Ireland , built in 1211 using imported labourers -- the costs would rise quickly , in this case reaching £ 20 . A cross-section showing the layers within the motte at York Castle ; `` A '' marks the 20th - century concrete underpinnings of the motte ; the low walls enclosing the base of the motte are a 19th - century addition . The type of soil would make a difference to the design of the motte , as clay soils could support a steeper motte , whilst sandier soils meant that a motte would need a more gentle incline . Where available , layers of different sorts of earth , such as clay , gravel and chalk , would be used alternatively to build in strength to the design . Layers of turf could also be added to stabilise the motte as it was built up , or a core of stones placed as the heart of the structure to provide strength . Similar issues applied to the defensive ditches , where designers found that the wider the ditch was dug , the deeper and steeper the sides of the scarp could be , making it more defensive . Although militarily a motte was , as Norman Pounds describes it , `` almost indestructible '' , they required frequent maintenance . Soil wash was a problem , particularly with steeper mounds , and mottes could be clad with wood or stone slabs to protect them . Over time , some mottes suffered from subsidence or damage from flooding , requiring repairs and stabilisation work . Although motte - and - bailey castles are the best known castle design , they were not always the most numerous in any given area . A popular alternative was the ringwork castle , involving a palisade being built on top | [
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The type of soil in the area also influenced the design of the motte, with clay soils supporting steeper mottes and sandier soils requiring a more gentle incline. Additionally, layers of different sorts of earth, such as clay, gravel, and chalk, were used alternatively to build strength into the design. Defensive ditches were also an important aspect of motte-and-bailey castles, with wider ditches allowing for deeper and steeper sides, making them more defensive.
Although motte-and-bailey castles were a popular design, they required frequent maintenance due to issues such as soil wash, subsidence, and damage from flooding. Despite these challenges, they were considered "almost indestructible" from a military standpoint.
The first motte-and-bailey castle is believed to have been built in 979, marking the beginning of a popular era of castle construction in medieval Europe. |
area . A popular alternative was the ringwork castle , involving a palisade being built on top of a raised earth rampart , protected by a ditch . The choice of motte and bailey or ringwork was partially driven by terrain , as mottes were typically built on low ground , and on deeper clay and alluvial soils . Another factor may have been speed , as ringworks were faster to build than mottes . Some ringwork castles were later converted into motte - and - bailey designs , by filling in the centre of the ringwork to produce a flat - topped motte . The reasons for why this decision was taken are unclear ; motte - and - bailey castles may have been felt to be more prestigious , or easier to defend ; another theory is that like the terpen in Netherlands , or Vorburg and Hauptburg in Lower Rhineland , raising the height of the castle was done to create a drier site . History Emergence of the design Bayeux Tapestry scene depicting an attack on Château de Dinan The motte - and - bailey castle is a particularly northern European phenomenon , most numerous in Normandy and Britain , but also seen in Denmark , Germany , Southern Italy and occasionally beyond . European castles first emerged in the 9th and 10th centuries , after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes and local territories became threatened by the Magyars and the Norse . Against this background , various explanations have been put forward to explain the origins and spread of the motte - and - bailey design across northern Europe ; there is often a tension among the academic community between explanations that stress military and social reasons for the rise of this design . One suggestion is that these castles were built particularly in order to protect against external attack -- the Angevins , it is argued , began to build them to protect against the Viking raids , and the design spread to deal with the attacks along the Slav and Hungarian frontiers . Another argument is that , given the links between this style of castle and the Normans , who were of Viking descent , it was in fact originally a Viking design , transported to Normandy and Angers . The motte - and - bailey castle was certainly effective against assault , although as historian André Debord suggests , the historical and archaeological record of the military operation of motte - and - bailey castles remains relatively limited . An alternative approach focuses on the links between this form of castle and what can be termed a feudal mode of society . The spread of motte - and - bailey castles was usually closely tied to the creation of local fiefdoms and feudal landowners , and areas without this method of governance rarely built these castles . Yet another theory suggests that the design emerged as a result of the pressures of space on ringworks , and that the earliest motte - and - baileys were converted ringworks . | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Motte-and-bailey_castle&oldid=824295549 | 1,777,603,712,749,426,200 | <P> The earliest purely documentary evidence for motte - and - bailey castles in Normandy and Angers comes from between 1020 and 1040 , but a combination of documentary and archaeological evidence pushes the date for the first motte and bailey castle , at Vincy , back to 979 . The castles were built by the more powerful lords of Anjou in the late 10th and 11th centuries , in particular Fulk III and his son , Geoffrey II , who built a great number of them between 987 and 1060 . Many of these earliest castles would have appeared quite crude and rustic by later standards , belying the power and prestige of their builders . William the Conqueror , as the Duke of Normandy , is believed to have adopted the motte - and - bailey design from neighbouring Anjou . Duke William went on to prohibit the building of castles without his consent through the Consuetudines et Justicie , with his legal definition of castles centring on the classic motte - and - bailey features of ditching , banking and palisading . </P> | 979 | 1777603712749426176_5 | false | The motte-and-bailey castle design emerged in the 9th and 10th centuries in northern Europe, particularly in Normandy and Britain. It was also seen in Denmark, Germany, Southern Italy, and occasionally beyond. The design was a response to the fall of the Carolingian Empire, which resulted in the division of territory among individual lords and princes, and the threat of attacks from the Magyars and the Norse. There are various explanations for the origins and spread of the motte-and-bailey design, with some emphasizing military reasons for its rise, while others focus on the feudal mode of society. The first motte-and-bailey castle was built in 979. |
of space on ringworks , and that the earliest motte - and - baileys were converted ringworks . Finally , there may be a link between the local geography and the building of motte - and - bailey castles , which are usually built on low - lying areas , in many cases subject to regular flooding . Regardless of the reasons behind the initial popularity of the motte - and - bailey design , however , there is widespread agreement that the castles were first widely adopted in Normandy and Angevin territory in the 10th and 11th centuries . Initial development , 10th and 11th centuries Reconstructed keep at Saint - Sylvain - d'Anjou , France The earliest purely documentary evidence for motte - and - bailey castles in Normandy and Angers comes from between 1020 and 1040 , but a combination of documentary and archaeological evidence pushes the date for the first motte and bailey castle , at Vincy , back to 979 . The castles were built by the more powerful lords of Anjou in the late 10th and 11th centuries , in particular Fulk III and his son , Geoffrey II , who built a great number of them between 987 and 1060 . Many of these earliest castles would have appeared quite crude and rustic by later standards , belying the power and prestige of their builders . William the Conqueror , as the Duke of Normandy , is believed to have adopted the motte - and - bailey design from neighbouring Anjou . Duke William went on to prohibit the building of castles without his consent through the Consuetudines et Justicie , with his legal definition of castles centring on the classic motte - and - bailey features of ditching , banking and palisading . By the 11th century , castles were built throughout the Holy Roman Empire , which then spanned central Europe . They now typically took the form of an enclosure on a hilltop , or , on lower ground , a tall , free - standing tower ( German Bergfried . ) The largest castles , known in German as Hohenburgen , had well - defined inner and outer courts , but no mottes . The motte - and - bailey design began to spread into Alsace and the northern Alps from France during the first half of the 11th century , spreading further into Bohemia and Austria in the subsequent years . This form of castle was closely associated with the colonisation of newly cultivated areas within the Empire , as new lords were granted lands by the emperor and built castles close to the local gród , or town . Motte - and - bailey castle building substantially enhanced the prestige of local nobles , and it has been suggested that their early adoption was because they were a cheaper way of imitating the still more prestigious hohenburgen , but this is usually regarded as unlikely . In many cases , bergfrieds were converted into motte and bailey designs by burying existing castle towers within the mounds . Reconstructed keep at Lütjenburg , Germany In England , William invaded from Normandy in 1066 , resulting in three phases of | [
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, Germany In England , William invaded from Normandy in 1066 , resulting in three phases of castle building in England , around 80 % of which were in the motte - and - bailey pattern . The first of these was the establishment by the new king of royal castles in key strategic locations , including many towns . These urban castles could make use of the existing town 's walls and fortification , but typically required the demolition of local houses to make space for them . This could cause extensive damage : records suggest that in Lincoln 166 houses were destroyed , with 113 in Norwich and 27 in Cambridge . The second and third waves of castle building in the late - 11th century were led by the major magnates and then the more junior knights on their new estates . Some regional patterns in castle building can be seen -- relatively few castles were built in East Anglia compared to the west of England or the Marches , for example ; this was probably due to the relatively settled and prosperous nature of the east of England and reflected a shortage of unfree labour for constructing mottes . In Wales , the first wave of the Norman castles were again predominantly made of wood in a mixture of motte - and - bailey and ringwork designs . The Norman invaders spread up the valleys , using this form of castle to occupy their new territories . After the Norman conquest of England and Wales , the building of motte - and - bailey castles in Normandy accelerated as well , resulting in a broad swath of these castles across the Norman territories , around 741 motte - and - bailey castles in England and Wales alone . Further expansion , 12th and 13th centuries A vliedburg motte in the Netherlands Having become well established in Normandy , Germany and Britain , motte - and - bailey castles began to be adopted elsewhere , mainly in northern Europe , during the 12th and 13th centuries . Conflict through the Low Countries encouraged castle building in a number of regions from the late 12th century to the 14th century . In Flanders , the first motte and bailey castles began relatively early at the end of the 11th century . The rural motte - and - bailey castles followed the traditional design , but the urban castles often lacked the traditional baileys , using parts of the town to fulfil this role instead . Motte - and - bailey castles in Flanders were particularly numerous in the south along the Lower Rhine , a fiercely contested border . Further along the coast in Friesland , the relatively decentralised , egalitarian society initially discouraged the building of motte and bailey castles , although terpen , raised `` dwelling mounds '' which lacked towers and were usually lower in height than a typical motte , were created instead . By the end of the medieval period , however , the terpen gave way to hege wieren , non-residential defensive towers , often on motte - like mounds , owned by the increasingly powerful nobles and landowners . On | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Motte-and-bailey_castle&oldid=824295549 | 1,777,603,712,749,426,200 | <P> The earliest purely documentary evidence for motte - and - bailey castles in Normandy and Angers comes from between 1020 and 1040 , but a combination of documentary and archaeological evidence pushes the date for the first motte and bailey castle , at Vincy , back to 979 . The castles were built by the more powerful lords of Anjou in the late 10th and 11th centuries , in particular Fulk III and his son , Geoffrey II , who built a great number of them between 987 and 1060 . Many of these earliest castles would have appeared quite crude and rustic by later standards , belying the power and prestige of their builders . William the Conqueror , as the Duke of Normandy , is believed to have adopted the motte - and - bailey design from neighbouring Anjou . Duke William went on to prohibit the building of castles without his consent through the Consuetudines et Justicie , with his legal definition of castles centring on the classic motte - and - bailey features of ditching , banking and palisading . </P> | 979 | 1777603712749426176_7 | false | Motte-and-bailey castles were first built in England in 1066 by William the Conqueror after the Norman invasion. The first wave of castle building was led by the new king, who established royal castles in strategic locations, often resulting in the demolition of local houses to make space for them. The second and third waves of castle building were led by major magnates and junior knights on their new estates. In Wales, the first wave of Norman castles were predominantly made of wood in a mixture of motte-and-bailey and ringwork designs. The Norman invaders spread up the valleys, using this form of castle to occupy their new territories. After the Norman conquest of England and Wales, the building of motte-and-bailey castles in Normandy accelerated as well, resulting in a broad swath of these castles across the Norman territories, with around 741 motte-and-bailey castles in England and Wales alone.
Motte-and-bailey castles began to be adopted in other parts of northern Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries. Conflict through the Low Countries encouraged castle building in a number of regions from the late 12th century to the 14th century. In Flanders, the first motte-and-bailey castles began relatively early at the end of the 11th century. The rural motte-and-bailey castles followed the traditional design, but the urban castles often lacked the traditional baileys, using parts of the town to fulfill this role instead. Motte-and-bailey castles in Flanders were particularly numerous in the south along the Lower Rhine, a fiercely contested border. Further along the coast in Friesland, the relatively decentralized, egalitarian society initially discouraged the building of motte and bailey castles, although terpen, raised "dwelling mounds" which lacked towers and were usually lower in height than a typical motte, were created instead. By the end of the medieval period, however, the terpen gave way to hege wieren, non-residential defensive towers, often on motte-like mounds, owned by the increasingly powerful nobles and landowners. |
, often on motte - like mounds , owned by the increasingly powerful nobles and landowners . On Zeeland the local lords had a high degree of independence during the 12th and 13th centuries , owing to the wider conflict for power between neighbouring Flanders and Friesland . The Zeeland lords had also built terpen mounds , but these gave way to larger werven constructions -- effectively mottes -- which were later termed bergen . Sometimes both terpen and werven are called vliedburg , or `` refuge castles '' . During the 12th and 13th centuries a number of terpen mounds were turned into werven mottes , and some new werven mottes were built from scratch . Around 323 known or probable motte and bailey castles of this design are believed to have built within the borders of the modern Netherlands . The Bass of Inverurie in Scotland , a large mid-12th century motte - and - bailey castle In neighbouring Denmark , motte - and - bailey castles appeared somewhat later in the 12th and 13th centuries and in more limited numbers than elsewhere , due to the less feudal society . Except for a handful of mote and bailey castles in Norway , built in the first half of the 11th century and including the royal residence in Oslo , the design did not play a role further north in Scandinavia . The Norman expansion into Wales slowed in the 12th century but remained an ongoing threat to the remaining native rulers . In response , the Welsh princes and lords began to build their own castles , frequently motte - and - bailey designs , usually in wood . There are indications that this may have begun from 1111 onwards under Prince Cadwgan ap Bleddyn , with the first documentary evidence of a native Welsh castle being at Cymmer in 1116 . These timber castles , including Tomen y Rhodywdd , Tomen y Faerdre , Gaer Penrhôs , were of equivalent quality to the equivalent Norman fortifications in the area , and it can prove difficult to distinguish the builders of some sites from the archaeological evidence alone . Motte - and - bailey castles in Scotland emerged as a consequence of the centralising of royal authority in the 12th century . David I encouraged Norman and French nobles to settle in Scotland , introducing a feudal mode of landholding and the use of castles as a way of controlling the contested lowlands . The quasi-independent polity of Galloway , which had resisted the rule of David and his predecessors , was a particular focus for this colonisation . The size of these Scottish castles , primarily wooden motte and bailey constructions , varied considerably , from larger designs such as the Bass of Inverurie to smaller castles like Balmaclellan . The motte ( left ) and bailey ( right ) of Clough Castle in Ireland Motte - and - bailey castles were introduced to Ireland following the Norman invasion of Ireland that began between 1166 and 1171 under first Richard de Clare and then Henry II of England , with the occupation of southern and | [
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under first Richard de Clare and then Henry II of England , with the occupation of southern and eastern Ireland by a number of Anglo - Norman barons . The rapid Norman success depended on key economic and military advantages ; their cavalry enabled Norman successes in battles , and castles enabled them to control the newly conquered territories . The new lords rapidly built castles to protect their possessions ; most of these were motte - and - bailey constructions , many of them strongly defended . Unlike Wales , the indigenous Irish lords do not appear to have constructed their own castles in any significant number during the period . Between 350 and 450 motte - and - bailey castles are believed to remain today , although the identification of these earthwork remains can be contentious . A small number of motte - and - bailey castles were built outside of northern Europe . In the late - 12th century , the Normans invaded southern Italy and Sicily ; although they had the technology to build more modern designs , in many cases wooden motte - and - bailey castles were built instead for reasons of speed . The Italians came to refer to a range of different castle types as motta , however , and there may not have been as many genuine motte - and - bailey castles in southern Italy as was once thought on the basis of the documentary evidence alone . In addition , there is evidence of the Norman crusaders building a motte and bailey using sand and wood in Egypt in 1221 during the Fifth Crusade . Conversion and decline , 13th -- 14th centuries The stone shell keep and chemise on top of the motte at Gisors in France Motte - and - bailey castles became a less popular design in the mid-medieval period . In France , they were not built after the start of the 12th century , and mottes ceased to be built in most of England after around 1170 , although they continued to be erected in Wales and along the Marches . Many motte - and - bailey castles were occupied relatively briefly ; in England many had been abandoned or allowed to lapse into disrepair by the 12th century . In the Low Countries and Germany , a similar transition occurred in the 13th and 14th centuries . One factor was the introduction of stone into castle building . The earliest stone castles had emerged in the 10th century , with stone keeps being built on mottes along the Catalonia frontier and several , including Château de Langeais , in Angers . Although wood was a more powerful defensive material than was once thought , stone became increasingly popular for military and symbolic reasons . Some existing motte - and - bailey castles were converted to stone , with the keep and the gatehouse usually the first parts to be upgraded . Shell keeps were built on many mottes , circular stone shells running around the top of the motte , sometime protected by a further chemise , or low protective wall , around the base . By the 14th century , a number of motte and | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Motte-and-bailey_castle&oldid=824295549 | 1,777,603,712,749,426,200 | <P> The earliest purely documentary evidence for motte - and - bailey castles in Normandy and Angers comes from between 1020 and 1040 , but a combination of documentary and archaeological evidence pushes the date for the first motte and bailey castle , at Vincy , back to 979 . The castles were built by the more powerful lords of Anjou in the late 10th and 11th centuries , in particular Fulk III and his son , Geoffrey II , who built a great number of them between 987 and 1060 . Many of these earliest castles would have appeared quite crude and rustic by later standards , belying the power and prestige of their builders . William the Conqueror , as the Duke of Normandy , is believed to have adopted the motte - and - bailey design from neighbouring Anjou . Duke William went on to prohibit the building of castles without his consent through the Consuetudines et Justicie , with his legal definition of castles centring on the classic motte - and - bailey features of ditching , banking and palisading . </P> | 979 | 1777603712749426176_9 | false | Motte-and-bailey castles were first built in 979 under the rule of Richard de Clare and then Henry II of England. The rapid Norman success depended on key economic and military advantages, with their cavalry enabling Norman successes in battles, and castles enabling them to control the newly conquered territories. The new lords rapidly built castles to protect their possessions, with most of these being motte-and-bailey constructions, many of them strongly defended. Unlike Wales, the indigenous Irish lords do not appear to have constructed their own castles in any significant number during the period. Between 350 and 450 motte-and-bailey castles are believed to remain today, although the identification of these earthwork remains can be contentious. A small number of motte-and-bailey castles were built outside of northern Europe. In the late-12th century, the Normans invaded southern Italy and Sicily; although they had the technology to build more modern designs, in many cases wooden motte-and-bailey castles were built instead for reasons of speed. The Italians came to refer to a range of different castle types as motta, however, and there may not have been as many genuine motte-and-bailey castles in southern Italy as was once thought on the basis of the documentary evidence alone. In addition, there is evidence of the Norman crusaders building a motte and bailey using sand and wood in Egypt in 1221 during the Fifth Crusade.
Motte-and-bailey castles became a less popular design in the mid-medieval period. In France, they were not built after the start of the 12th century, and mottes ceased to be built in most of England after around 1170, although they continued to be erected in Wales and along the Marches. Many motte-and-bailey castles were occupied relatively briefly; in England many had been abandoned or allowed to lapse into disrepair by the 12th century. In the Low Countries and Germany, a similar transition occurred in the 13th and 14th centuries. One factor was the introduction of stone into castle building. The earliest stone castles had emerged in the 10th century, with stone keeps being built on mottes along the Catalonia frontier and several, including Château de Langeais, in Angers. Although wood was a more powerful defensive material than was once thought, stone became increasingly popular for military and symbolic reasons. Some existing motte-and-bailey castles were converted to stone, with the keep and the gatehouse usually the first parts to be upgraded. Shell keeps were built on many mottes, circular stone shells running around the top of the motte, sometime protected by a further chemise, or low protective wall, around the base. By the 14th century, a number of motte and |
chemise , or low protective wall , around the base . By the 14th century , a number of motte and bailey castles had been converted into powerful stone fortresses . A reconstruction of England 's Carisbrooke Castle as it was in the 14th century , showing the keep built atop the motte ( top left ) , and the walled - in bailey below Newer castle designs placed less emphasis on mottes . Square Norman keeps built in stone became popular following the first such construction in Langeais in 994 . Several were built in England and Wales after the conquest ; by 1216 there were around 100 in the country . These massive keeps could be either erected on top of settled , well established mottes , or could have mottes built around them -- so - called `` buried '' keeps . The ability of mottes , especially newly built mottes , to support the heavier stone structures , was limited , and many needed to be built on fresh ground . Concentric castles , relying on several lines of baileys and defensive walls , made increasingly little use of keeps or mottes at all . Across Europe , motte - and - bailey construction came to an end . At the end of the 12th century the Welsh rulers began to build castles in stone , primarily in the principality of North Wales and usually along the higher peaks where mottes were unnecessary . In Flanders , decline came in the 13th century as feudal society changed . In the Netherlands , cheap brick started to be used in castles from the 13th century onwards in place of earthworks , and many mottes were levelled , to help develop the surrounding , low - lying fields ; these `` levelled mottes '' are a particularly Dutch phenomenon . In Denmark , motte and baileys gave way in the 14th century to a castrum - curia model , where the castle was built with a fortified bailey and a fortified mound , somewhat smaller than the typical motte . By the 12th century , the castles in Western Germany began to thin in number , due to changes in land ownership , and various mottes were abandoned . In Germany and Denmark , motte - and - bailey castles also provided the model for the later wasserburg , or `` water castle '' , a stronghold and bailey construction surrounded by water , and widely built in the late medieval period . Today In England , motte - and - bailey earthworks were put to various uses over later years ; in some cases , mottes were turned into garden features in the 18th century , or reused as military defences during the Second World War . Today , almost no mottes of motte - and - bailey castles remain in regular use in Europe , with one of the few exceptions being that at Windsor Castle , converted for the storage of royal documents . The landscape of northern Europe remains scattered with their earthworks , and many form popular tourist attractions as part of the European heritage industry . See also List of motte - and - bailey castles Castles in Great | [
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See also List of motte - and - bailey castles Castles in Great Britain and Ireland List of castles in France List of castles in Germany List of castles in Belgium List of castles in the Netherlands List of castles in Denmark Mueang for similar fortifications of the same era in Southeast Asia Notes Jump up ^ Ringworks require an inner scarp , or sloping face ; this means that the interior space is always less than a flat - topped motte of equivalent height and width . In - filling ringworks certainly occurred later , and may have been the initial step as well . Jump up ^ There has been some debate over the absence of indigenous Irish castle building . Irish castle specialist Tom McNeill has noted that it would appear very strange if the indigenous Irish lords had not adopted castle technology during their long struggle with the Anglo - Norman nobility , but there is no significant archaeological or historical evidence to show such construction . References Jump up ^ `` Castle Pulverbatch motte and bailey castle with outer bailey , 100m NNW of Brook Cottage '' , National Heritage List for England , Historic England , retrieved 28 July 2017 Jump up ^ Besteman , p. 212 . ^ Jump up to : King ( 1991 ) , p. 38 . Jump up ^ Lepage , p. 34 . Jump up ^ Pounds , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Toy , p. 53 . Jump up ^ Kenyon , p. 13 citing Armitage 1912 : pp. 147 - 8 . Jump up ^ Toy , p. 52 ; Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 24 . Jump up ^ Kenyon , pp. 9 - 10 . Jump up ^ Toy , p. 52 . ^ Jump up to : Besteman , p. 213 . Jump up ^ Kenyon , p. 4 , citing King ( 1972 ) , pp. 101 - 2 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 29 . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , p. 55 . ^ Jump up to : DeVries , p. 209 . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , pp. 53 - 4 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 30 . ^ Jump up to : DeVries , p. 211 . Jump up ^ Meulemeester , p. 105 ; Cooper , p. 18 ; Butler , p. 13 . ^ Jump up to : Pounds , p. 17 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 24 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 1989 ) , p. 23 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 26 . ^ Jump up to : DeVries , p. 212 . Jump up ^ Liddiard ( 2005 ) , p. 42 . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , pp. 50 -- 51 . ^ Jump up to : Pounds , p. 18 . Jump up ^ Pounds , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 2004 ) , p. 110 ; Cooper , p. 15 . Jump up ^ Kenyon , p. 7 . Jump up ^ Pounds , p. 20 . Jump up ^ McNeill , pp. 39 -- 40 . Jump up ^ Kenyon , p. 11 . Jump up ^ Kenyon , p. 10 . Jump up ^ Pounds , p. 21 . Jump up ^ Cooper , p. 76 ; Butler , p. 17 . | [
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Jump up ^ Pounds , p. 21 . Jump up ^ Cooper , p. 76 ; Butler , p. 17 . Jump up ^ Van Houts , p. 61 . Jump up ^ Pounds , p. 17 ; Creighton , p. 47 . Jump up ^ Creighton , p. 47 . ^ Jump up to : Pounds , p. 14 . Jump up ^ Pringle , p. 187 ; Toy , p. 52 . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , p. 34 . Jump up ^ Debord , pp. 93 - 4 . Jump up ^ Nicolle , p. 33 ; Kaufmann and Kaufmann , p. 109 . Jump up ^ Nicholson , p. 77 ; Kaufmann and Kaufmann , p. 109 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 1962 ) , pp. 28 - 9 ; Debord , p. 95 . Jump up ^ Lepage , p. 35 ; Collardelle and Mazard , pp. 72 - 3 . ^ Jump up to : King ( 1991 ) , p. 37 . Jump up ^ DeVries , p. 202 . Jump up ^ Kaufmann and Kaufmann , p. 109 ; Nicolle , p. 33 . Jump up ^ DeVries , pp. 203 - 4 . Jump up ^ Héricher , p. 97 . Jump up ^ DeVries , p. 204 . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , p. 35 . Jump up ^ Kaufmann and Kaufmann , p. 109 . Jump up ^ Purton , p. 195 . Jump up ^ Purton , pp. 195 - 6 ; Collardelle and Mazard , pp. 71 , 78 ; Jansen , p. 195 ; Kaufmann and Kaufmann , p. 110 . Jump up ^ Collardelle and Mazard , pp. 71 , 78 ; Jansen , p. 195 ; Kaufmann and Kaufmann , p. 110 ... ^ Jump up to : Purton , p. 196 . Jump up ^ Liddiard ( 2005 ) , p. 17 ; Creighton ( 2005 ) , p. 48 . Jump up ^ Liddiard ( 2005 ) , p. 18 ; Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Liddiard ( 2005 ) , p. 19 ; Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 22 ; Pounds ( 1994 ) , p. 208 . Jump up ^ Liddiard ( 2005 ) , pp. 18 , 23 . Jump up ^ Liddiard ( 2005 ) , p. 25 . Jump up ^ Pettifer , p. xiii . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , pp. 139 - 141 . Jump up ^ Liddiard ( 2005 ) , p. 23 ; King ( 1991 ) , p. 47 . Jump up ^ Besteman , p. 217 ; Kenyon , p. 8 . ^ Jump up to : Meulemeester , p. 103 . Jump up ^ Meulemeester , p. 102 . Jump up ^ Besteman , p. 219 . ^ Jump up to : Besteman , p. 215 . Jump up ^ Besteman , p. 217 . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , p. 39 ; Besteman , p. 216 . Jump up ^ Nicholson , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Besteman , p. 216 . Jump up ^ Stiesdal , pp. 210 , 213 ; Kenyon , p. 8 . Jump up ^ Ekroll , p. 66 . Jump up ^ Pettifer , p. xiv . ^ Jump up to : King ( 1991 ) , p. 130 . Jump up ^ Pettifer , p. xiv . Jump up ^ Simpson and Webster , p. 225 . Jump up ^ Simpson and Webster , p. 225 ; Tabraham , p. 11 . Jump up ^ Simpson and Webster , p. 231 . Jump up ^ Tabraham , p. 16 . Jump up ^ McNeill , p. 17 . Jump up ^ Carpenter , pp. 220 - 1 . Jump up ^ Carpenter , p. 221 ; | [
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, p. 17 . Jump up ^ Carpenter , pp. 220 - 1 . Jump up ^ Carpenter , p. 221 ; O'Conor , pp. 173 , 179 . Jump up ^ McNeill , pp. 74 , 84 . Jump up ^ McNeill , p. 84 . Jump up ^ O'Conor , p. 173 . Jump up ^ Purton , 180 . Jump up ^ Pringle , p. 187 . Jump up ^ Pringle , p. 190 . Jump up ^ Pounds , p. 21 ; Châtelain , p. 231 . Jump up ^ Pounds , pp. 20 - 1 ; Kenyon , p. 17 ; Meulemeester , p. 104 . Jump up ^ Nicholson , p. 78 ; Kaufmann and Kaufmann , p. 109 . Jump up ^ Liddiard ( 2005 ) , p. 53 ; King ( 1991 ) , p. 62 . Jump up ^ Brown ( 1962 ) , p. 38 . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , pp. 62 - 65 Jump up ^ Hulme , p. 213 ; King ( 1991 ) , p. 36 . Jump up ^ Bradbury , p. 121 . Jump up ^ Kaufmann and Kaufmann , p. 111 . Jump up ^ King ( 1991 ) , p. 94 . Jump up ^ Besteman , p. 214 ; Kenyon , p. 8 . Jump up ^ Stiesdal , p. 214 . Jump up ^ Collardelle and Mazard , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Jansen , p. 197 . Jump up ^ Creighton , pp. 85 - 6 ; Lowry , p. 23 ; Creighton and Higham , p. 62 . Jump up ^ Robinson , p. 142 . Bibliography Armitage , Ella S. ( 1912 ) The Early Norman Castles of the British isles . London : J. Murray . OCLC 458514584 . Besteman , Jan. C. ( 1984 ) `` Mottes in the Netherland , '' in Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . XII . pp. 211 -- 224 . Bradbury , Jim . ( 2009 ) Stephen and Matilda : the Civil War of 1139 - 53 . Stroud , UK : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7509 - 3793 - 1 . Brown , R. Allen . ( 1962 ) English Castles . London : Batsford . OCLC 1392314 . Brown , R. Allen . ( 1989 ) Castles From the Air . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 32932 - 3 . Brown , R. Allen . ( 2004 ) Allen Brown 's English Castles . Woodbridge , UK : Boydell Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 84383 - 069 - 6 . Butler , Lawrence . ( 1997 ) Clifford 's Tower and the Castles of York . London : English Heritage . ISBN 1 - 85074 - 673 - 7 . Carpenter , David . ( 2004 ) Struggle for Mastery : The Penguin History of Britain 1066 -- 1284 . London : Penguin . ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 014824 - 4 . Châtelain , André. ( 1983 ) Châteaux Forts et Féodalité en Ile de France , du XIème au XIIIème siècle . Nonette : Créer . ISBN 978 - 2 - 902894 - 16 - 1 . ( in French ) Colardelle , Michel and Chantal Mazard. ( 1982 ) `` Les mottes castrales et l'évolution des pouvoirs dans le Alpes du Nord . Aux origines de la seigneurie , '' in Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . XI , pp69 -- 89 . ( in French ) Cooper , Thomas Parsons. ( 1911 ) The History of the Castle of York , from its Foundation to the Current Day with an Account of the | [
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) The History of the Castle of York , from its Foundation to the Current Day with an Account of the Building of Clifford 's Tower . London : Elliot Stock . OCLC 4246355 . Creighton , Oliver Hamilton . ( 2005 ) Castles and Landscapes : Power , Community and Fortification in Medieval England . London : Equinox . ISBN 978 - 1 - 904768 - 67 - 8 . Creighton , Oliver Hamilton and Robert Higham. ( 2003 ) Medieval Castles . Princes Risborough , UK : Shire Publications . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7478 - 0546 - 5 . Debord , André. ( 1982 ) `` A propos de l'utilisation des mottes castrales , '' in Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . XI , pp91 -- 99 . ( in French ) DeVries , Kelly . ( 2003 ) Medieval Military Technology . Toronto , Canada : University of Toronto Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 921149 - 74 - 3 . Ekroll , Oystein. ( 1996 ) `` Norwegian medieval castles : building on the edge of Europe , '' in Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . XVIII , pp65 -- 73 . Héricher , Anne - Marie Flambard. ( 2002 ) `` Fortifications de terre et résidences en Normandie , '' in Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . XX pp87 -- 100 . ( in French ) Hulme , Richard . ( 2008 ) `` Twelfth Century Great Towers - The Case for the Defence , '' The Castle Studies Group Journal , No. 21 , 2007 - 8 . Jansen , Walter . ( 1981 ) `` The international background of castle building in Central Europe , '' in Skyum - Nielsen and Lund ( eds ) ( 1981 ) . Kaufmann , J.E. and H.W. Kaufmann. ( 2004 ) The Medieval Fortress : castles , forts and walled cities of the Middle Ages . Cambridge , US : Da Capo . ISBN 978 - 0 - 306 - 81358 - 0 . Kenyon , John R. ( 2005 ) Medieval Fortifications . London : Continuum . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8264 - 7886 - 3 . King , D.J. Cathcart . ( 1972 ) `` The field archaeology of mottes in England and Wales : eine kurze übersichte , '' in Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . V , pp. 107 -- 111 King , D.J. Cathcart . ( 1991 ) The Castle in England and Wales : An Interpretative History . London : Routledge . ISBN 0 - 415 - 00350 - 4 . Lepage , Jean - Denis. ( 2002 ) Castles and Fortified Cities of Medieval Europe : an illustrated history . Jefferson , US : McFarland . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7864 - 1092 - 7 . Liddiard , Robert . ( ed ) ( 2003a ) Anglo - Norman Castles . Woodbridge , UK : Boydell Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 85115 - 904 - 1 . Liddiard , Robert . ( 2005 ) Castles in Context : Power , Symbolism and Landscape , 1066 to 1500 . Macclesfield , UK : Windgather Press . ISBN 0 - 9545575 - 2 - 2 . Lowry , Bernard . Discovering Fortifications : From the Tudors to the Cold War . Risborough , UK : Shire Publications . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7478 - 0651 - 6 . McNeill , Tom . ( 2000 ) Castles in Ireland : Feudal Power in a Gaelic World . London : Routledge . | [
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The first motte and bailey castle was built in 979, marking a significant milestone in the history of medieval fortifications. This event laid the foundation for the development of castles in England and Wales, shaping the landscape and power dynamics of the time. The construction of motte and bailey castles played a crucial role in feudal power and the defense of territories, making them a key feature of medieval Europe.
The history of castle building is a rich and complex subject, with influences from various regions and cultures. From the fortifications of Normandy to the castles of Ireland, each location has its own unique story to tell. The evolution of castle architecture and technology is also explored in detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of the medieval fortress.
For those interested in delving deeper into the world of castles, there are numerous resources available, including books such as Castles and Landscapes: Power, Community and Fortification in Medieval England and The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages. These publications offer valuable insights into the historical, architectural, and cultural significance of castles, making them essential reading for enthusiasts and scholars alike. |
McNeill , Tom . ( 2000 ) Castles in Ireland : Feudal Power in a Gaelic World . London : Routledge . ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 22853 - 4 . De Meulemeester , Johnny . ( 1982 ) `` Mottes Castrales du Comté de Flandres : État de la question d'apr les fouilles récent , '' Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . XI , pp101 -- 115 . ( in French ) Nicolle , David . ( 1984 ) The Age of Charlemagne . Oxford : Osprey . ISBN 978 - 0 - 85045 - 042 - 2 . Nicholson , Helen J. ( 2004 ) Medieval Warfare : theory and practice of war in Europe , 300 - 1500 . Basingstoke , UK : Palgrave Macmillan . ISBN 978 - 0 - 333 - 76330 - 8 . O'Conor , Kieran. ( 2002 ) `` Motte Castles in Ireland , Permanent fortresses , Residences and Manorial Centres , '' in Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . XX , pp173 -- 182 . ( in French ) Pettifer , Adrian. ( 2000 ) Welsh Castles : a Guide by Counties . Woodbridge , UK : Boydell Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 85115 - 778 - 8 . Pounds , Norman John Greville. ( 1994 ) The Medieval Castle in England and Wales : a social and political history . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 45828 - 3 . Pringle , Denys . `` A castle in the sand : mottes in the Crusader east , '' in Château Gaillard : études de castellologie médiévale . XVIII , pp187 -- 190 . Purton , Peter . ( 2009 ) A History of the Early Medieval Siege , c. 450 - 1200 . Woodbridge , UK : Boydell Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 84383 - 448 - 9 . Robinson , John Martin . ( 2010 ) Windsor Castle : the Official Illustrated History . London : Royal Collection Publications . ISBN 978 - 1 - 902163 - 21 - 5 . Skyum - Nielsen , Niels and Niels Lund ( eds ) ( 1981 ) Danish Medieval History : New Currents . Københavns , Denmark : Museum Tusculanum Press . ISBN 978 - 87 - 88073 - 30 - 0 . Simpson , Grant G. and Bruce Webster . ( 2003 ) `` Charter Evidence and the Distribution of Mottes in Scotland , '' in Liddiard ( ed ) ( 2003a ) . Stiesdal , Hans . ( 1981 ) `` Types of public and private fortifications in Denmark , '' in Skyum - Nielsen and Lund ( eds ) ( 1981 ) . Tabraham , Chris J. ( 2005 ) Scotland 's Castles . London : Batsford . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7134 - 8943 - 9 . Toy , Sidney. ( 1985 ) Castles : Their Construction and History . ISBN 978 - 0 - 486 - 24898 - 1 . Van Houts , Elisabeth M.C. ( 2000 ) The Normans in Europe . Manchester : Manchester University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7190 - 4751 - 0 . ( hide ) Fortifications Ancient history Abatis Agger Broch Burgus Castellum Castra Castros Circular rampart City gate Crannog Ditch Defensive wall | [
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rampart City gate Crannog Ditch Defensive wall Dun Faussebraye Gatehouse Gord Hillfort Limes Oppidum Palisade Pincer gate Promontory fort Rampart Ringfort ( Rath ) Refuge castle Schwedenschanze Stockade Sudis Trou de loup Vallum Wagon fort ( Laager ) Vitrified fort Medieval history Advanced work Albarrana tower Alcazaba Alcázar Arrowslit Barbican Bartizan Bastion Battery tower Battlement Bent entrance Bergfried Bretèche Bridge castle Bridge tower Butter - churn tower Caltrop Castle Chamber gate Chartaque Chashi Chemin de ronde Chemise Cheval de frise Citadel Coercion castle Concentric castle Corner tower Counter-castle Curtain Drawbridge Enceinte Embrasure Flanking tower Fortified buildings ( church , house ) Ganerbenburg Gate tower Gabion Glacis Guard tower Gulyay - gorod Gusuku Half tower Hoarding Inner bailey Keep Kremlin ( Detinets ) Landesburg L - plan castle Machicolation Merlon Moat Motte - and - bailey Murder - hole Neck ditch Outer bailey Outwork Peel tower Portcullis Postern Reduit Ringwork Quadrangular castle Shell keep Shield wall Toll castle Tower castle Tower house Turret Wall tower Bailey ( or ward ) Watchtower Witch tower Yett Modern history 18th century and earlier Abwurfdach Bastion Blockhouse Breastwork Canal Caponier Casemate Cavalier Counterguard Counterscarp Couvreface Coupure Covertway Crownwork Device fort Entrenchment Flèche Gorge Hornwork Lunette Orillon Ostrog Place - of - arms Polygonal fort Presidio ( Spanish America ) Punji sticks Ravelin | [
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fort Presidio ( Spanish America ) Punji sticks Ravelin Redan Redoubt Retrenchment Sandbag Scarp Sconce Schanze Sea fort Station Star fort Tenaille 19th century Barbed wire Barbette Border outpost Bunker Coastal artillery Gun turret Land mine Martello tower Outpost Trench warfare Sangar Wire obstacles 20th century Admiralty scaffolding Air raid shelter Anti-tank trench Barbed tape Blast shelter Blast wall Border barrier Buoy Bremer wall Concertina wire Defensive fighting position British `` hedgehog '' road block Czech hedgehog Dragon 's teeth Electric fence Fallout shelter Fire support base Flak tower Hardened aircraft shelter Hesco bastion Main Line of Resistance Revetment Sentry gun Spider hole Submarine pen Tunnel warfare Underground hangar By topography Cave castle Hill castle Hill fort Hillside castle Hilltop castle Island castle Lowland castle Marsh castle Moated castle Promontory fort Ridge castle Rocca Rock castle Spur castle Water castle By role Coercion castle Counter-castle Ganerbenburg Hunting lodge Imperial castle Kaiserpfalz Landesburg Lustschloss Ordensburg Refuge castle Toll castle Urban castle By design Bridge castle Circular rampart Concentric castle L - plan castle Motte - and - bailey castle Quadrangular castle Ringfort Ringwork Tower castle See also : Category Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Motte-and-bailey_castle&oldid=824295549 '' Categories : Feudalism Castles by type Motte - and - bailey castles Hidden categories : Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism Good articles Articles with French - language external links | [
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vandalism Good articles Articles with French - language external links Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Gaeilge Italiano Latina Limburgs Magyar മലയാളം Nederlands Nedersaksies 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenščina ไทย Українська 20 more Edit links This page was last edited on 6 February 2018 , at 14 : 22 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith - Wikipedia Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith `` Star Wars III '' redirects here . For the third film released , see Return of the Jedi . For the video game , see Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith ( video game ) . Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith Theatrical release poster by Drew Struzan Directed by George Lucas Produced by Rick McCallum Written by George Lucas Starring Ewan McGregor Natalie Portman Hayden Christensen Ian McDiarmid Samuel L. Jackson Christopher Lee Anthony Daniels Kenny Baker Frank Oz Music by John Williams Cinematography David Tattersall Edited by Roger Barton Ben Burtt Production company Lucasfilm Ltd . Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date May 15 , 2005 ( 2005 - 05 - 15 ) ( Cannes ) May 19 , 2005 ( 2005 - 05 - 19 ) ( United States ) Running time 140 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $113 million Box office $848.8 million Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas . It is the sixth entry of the Star Wars film series and stars Ewan McGregor , Natalie Portman , Hayden Christensen , Ian McDiarmid , Samuel L. Jackson , Christopher Lee , Anthony Daniels , Kenny Baker , and Frank Oz . A sequel to The Phantom Menace ( 1999 ) and Attack of the Clones ( 2002 ) , it is the third installment in the Star Wars prequel trilogy . The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars . The Jedi Knights are spread across the galaxy , leading a massive war against the Separatists . The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi - Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous , leader of the Separatist Army . Meanwhile , Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine , the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and , unknown to the public , a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious . Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order , the Republic , and Anakin himself . Lucas began writing the script before production of Attack of the Clones ended . Production of Revenge of the Sith started in September 2003 , and | [
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The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars. The Jedi Knights are spread across the galaxy, leading a massive war against the Separatists. The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous, leader of the Separatist Army. Meanwhile, Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine, the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and, unknown to the public, a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious. Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order, the Republic, and Anakin himself.
Lucas began writing the script before production of Attack of the Clones ended. Production of Revenge of the Sith started in September 2003.
The film was released on May 15, 2005, at the Cannes Film Festival and on May 19, 2005, in the United States. It had a budget of $113 million and grossed $848.8 million at the box office. The running time of the film is 140 minutes.
Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith received generally positive reviews from critics and audiences, praising its action sequences, visual effects, and performances. It was also nominated for several awards, including an Academy Award for Best Makeup.
Overall, the film is a significant part of the Star Wars franchise and is known for its portrayal of the fall of Anakin Skywalker and the rise of Darth Vader. |
of Attack of the Clones ended . Production of Revenge of the Sith started in September 2003 , and filming took place in Australia with additional locations in Thailand , Switzerland , China , Italy and the United Kingdom . Revenge of the Sith premiered on May 15 , 2005 , at the Cannes Film Festival , then released worldwide on May 19 , 2005 . The film received generally favorable reviews from critics , especially in contrast to the mixed reviews of the previous two prequels : praise was directed towards its action sequences , mature themes , musical score , visual effects , and the performances of McGregor , McDiarmid , Oz , and Jimmy Smits ; criticism was aimed at the film 's screenplay , inconsistent tone , and Christensen 's performance . Revenge of the Sith broke several box office records during its opening week and went on to earn over $848 million worldwide , making it , at the time , the third - highest - grossing film in the Star Wars franchise , unadjusted for inflation . It was the highest - grossing film in the U.S. in 2005 and the second - highest grossing film worldwide , behind Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire . The film also holds the record for the highest opening day gross on a Thursday , making $50,013,859 . Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 2.1 Cameo appearances 3 Production 3.1 Writing 3.2 Art design 3.3 Filming 3.4 Visual effects 3.5 Deleted scenes 3.6 Music 4 Releases 4.1 Leaked workprint 4.2 Rating 4.3 Home media 4.4 3D re-release 5 Reception 5.1 Critical response 5.2 Box office 5.3 Accolades 6 Themes 7 Other media 7.1 Novelization 7.2 Video game 8 See also 9 References 9.1 Works cited 10 External links Plot ( edit ) Three years after the Battle of Geonosis , the galaxy is in a state of civil war . During a space battle over Coruscant , Jedi master Obi - Wan Kenobi and Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker lead a mission to rescue the kidnapped Supreme Chancellor Palpatine from the cyborg Separatist commander , General Grievous . After infiltrating Grievous 's flagship , the Invisible Hand , the Jedi battle Count Dooku , whom Anakin eventually executes at Palpatine 's urging . Grievous escapes the battle - torn cruiser in the last remaining escape pod , and the Jedi are forced to crash - land the Invisible Hand on Coruscant . There , Anakin reunites with his wife , Padmé Amidala , who reveals that she is pregnant . While initially excited , Anakin begins to have prophetic visions of Padmé dying in childbirth , and his worry steadily grows . Palpatine appoints Anakin to the Jedi Council as his representative and informant , | [
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The plot of Revenge of the Sith takes place three years after the Battle of Geonosis, during a state of civil war in the galaxy. Jedi master Obi-Wan Kenobi and Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker lead a mission to rescue Supreme Chancellor Palpatine from the cyborg Separatist commander, General Grievous. After a space battle over Coruscant, Anakin reunites with his wife, Padmé Amidala, who reveals that she is pregnant. Anakin begins to have prophetic visions of Padmé dying in childbirth, causing his worry to steadily grow.
Revenge of the Sith is known for its action sequences, mature themes, musical score, visual effects, and the performances of the cast. However, it also received criticism for its screenplay, inconsistent tone, and certain performances. The film's release was accompanied by a novelization and a video game, and it was later re-released in 3D. |
. Palpatine appoints Anakin to the Jedi Council as his representative and informant , but the Council declines to grant Anakin the rank of Jedi Master and orders him to spy on Palpatine , causing Anakin 's faith in the Jedi to diminish significantly . Palpatine tempts Anakin with secret knowledge of the dark side of the Force , including the `` power to save his loved ones from dying '' . Meanwhile , Obi - Wan travels to Utapau , where he finds and kills General Grievous , and Yoda travels to Kashyyyk to defend the planet from Separatist invasion . Palpatine eventually reveals to Anakin that he is the Sith Lord , Darth Sidious , saying that only he has the knowledge to save Padmé from dying . Torn between staying loyal to the Jedi Order and saving Padmé 's life , Anakin reports Palpatine 's treachery to Mace Windu , who confronts and subdues Palpatine , severely disfiguring him in the process . Fearing that he will lose Padmé , Anakin intervenes on Palpatine 's behalf and severs Windu 's hand , allowing Palpatine to throw him out of a window to his death using force lightning . Anakin pledges himself to Palpatine , who dubs him Darth Vader . Palpatine issues Order 66 for the clone troopers to kill the remaining Jedi , and dispatches Vader along with a band of clones to kill everyone in the Jedi Temple on Coruscant . Vader then massacres the remaining Separatist leaders hiding on the volcanic planet Mustafar , who are not expecting his arrival . Meanwhile , Palpatine addresses the Galactic Senate ; transforming the Republic into the Galactic Empire and declaring himself Emperor . Having survived the chaos , Obi - Wan and Yoda return to Coruscant and learn of Anakin 's betrayal . Unable to convince Padmé about Anakin 's turn to the dark side , Obi - Wan secretly stows aboard Padmé 's ship when she travels to Mustafar , where she implores Anakin to abandon the dark side and run away with her . Upon witnessing Obi - Wan present , Vader chokes Padmé into unconsciousness in a fit of rage , thinking that she brought Obi - Wan to kill him . Obi - Wan engages Vader in a deadly lightsaber duel over a river of lava and ultimately defeats Vader , severing both of his legs and his remaining organic arm , and leaves him at the bank of a lava river where he is horribly burned . On Coruscant , Yoda battles Palpatine until their duel reaches a stalemate . Yoda then flees with Alderaan Senator Bail Organa while Palpatine , sensing that his new apprentice is in danger , travels to Mustafar . On the asteroid Polis Massa , Obi - Wan regroups with Yoda , and Padmé gives birth to a twin son and daughter , whom she names Luke and Leia before dying shortly after . On Mustafar , Palpatine finds a horribly burnt Vader still alive . After returning to Coruscant , Vader 's mutilated body is treated and covered in a black armored suit . When Vader asks about his wife , Palpatine explains to Vader that he himself killed Padmé in his rage , | [
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Vader asks about his wife , Palpatine explains to Vader that he himself killed Padmé in his rage , devastating him and leaving him in pain . Meanwhile , Obi - Wan and Yoda conceal the newborn twins from the Sith , as they are the galaxy 's only hope for freedom . Yoda exiles himself to the swamp planet Dagobah , while Vader and the Emperor oversee the construction of a huge space station . Bail Organa adopts Leia and takes her to Alderaan , while Obi - Wan delivers Luke to his uncle Owen and aunt Beru Lars on Tatooine , where Obi - Wan intends to watch over Luke from a distance until the time is right to challenge the Empire . Cast ( edit ) Hayden Christensen as Anakin Skywalker , later Darth Vader , in Revenge of the Sith . Ewan McGregor as Obi - Wan Kenobi : Obi - Wan is a General for the Galactic Republic and is a Jedi Master who sits on the Jedi Council . He often travels and performs missions with his best friend and former Padawan , Anakin . Hayden Christensen as Anakin Skywalker / Darth Vader : Anakin is a recently - knighted Jedi and hero of the Clone Wars . Upon learning of his wife 's pregnancy , he begins to have recurring visions of her dying in childbirth . Because similar visions accurately foretold his mother 's death , he swears that he will do whatever it takes to save her , and in his determination , he falls to the Dark Side of the Force and becomes the evil Darth Vader . While many assume that James Earl Jones is the uncredited , briefly heard voice of Darth Vader at the film 's conclusion , Jones , when specifically asked if he had supplied the voice , either newly or from a previous recording , told Newsday , `` You 'd have to ask Lucas about that . I do n't know '' . However , the commentary on the DVD release states that , while the voice will always be uncredited , any true Star Wars fan `` should know the answer '' . Natalie Portman as Padmé Amidala : Padmé is Anakin 's secret wife ; she has recently become pregnant with twins . As Senator of Naboo , she is deeply concerned about Palpatine 's growing power , and her husband 's increasingly disturbing behavior . Ian McDiarmid as Supreme Chancellor Palpatine / Darth Sidious : As the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic , Palpatine enacted the start of the Clone Wars against the Separatists . As a result , the Senate has voted him vast emergency powers , effectively turning him into a dictator . By this time , he becomes a sort of mentor to Anakin , manipulating him into distrusting the Jedi . In reality , Palpatine is the Sith Lord Darth Sidious , who finally steps from the shadows to destroy the Jedi Order and the Republic it serves , and lure Anakin to his side . Frank Oz as the voice of Yoda : The Jedi Council 's wise old leader . He is a friend and mentor to many Jedi . He plays a major role in the Battle of Kashyyyk . Samuel L. Jackson as Mace Windu : Windu is a Jedi Master who | [
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in the Battle of Kashyyyk . Samuel L. Jackson as Mace Windu : Windu is a Jedi Master who sits on the Jedi Council and is also a Jedi General in the Clone Wars . Matthew Wood as the voice of General Grievous : Grievous is a fearsome cyborg and General of the Separatists ' droid army . He is responsible for kidnapping Palpatine at the beginning . He is also skilled in lightsaber combat , having been trained by Count Dooku , wielding two green and two blue lightsabers taken from Jedi he has killed . Jimmy Smits as Senator Bail Organa : Bail Organa is a Senator in the Galactic Republic and friend to the Jedi , who grows concerned at Palpatine 's growing power . Anthony Daniels as C - 3PO : C - 3PO is Padmé Amidala 's personal protocol droid , created by Anakin Skywalker . Kenny Baker as R2 - D2 : R2 - D2 is Anakin Skywalker 's former astro - droid and C - 3PO 's counterpart . Silas Carson as Nute Gunray / Ki - Adi - Mundi : Gunray is the Viceroy of the Trade Federation , who distrusts Grievous and dares to question his leadership . Ki - Adi - Mundi is a Jedi Master who sits at the Jedi Council and General in the Clone Wars . Temuera Morrison as Commander Cody / Clone Troopers : Cody and the clone troopers are part of the army for the Republic . As seen in Attack of the Clones , they are the clones of the bounty hunter Jango Fett . Christopher Lee as Count Dooku / Darth Tyranus : He is a Sith apprentice to Darth Sidious , Leader of the Separatists , and Grievous ' superior . Peter Mayhew as Chewbacca : Chewbacca is a Wookiee who is friendly with Yoda , and fights alongside him in the Battle of Kashyyyk . It was announced in 2004 that Gary Oldman had been approached to provide the voice of General Grievous ; however , complications arose during contract negotiations after Oldman learned the film was to be made outside of the Screen Actors Guild , of which he is a member . He backed out of the role rather than violate the union 's rules . Matthew Wood , who ultimately voiced Grievous , disputed this story at Celebration III , held in Indianapolis . According to him , Oldman is a friend of Rick McCallum , producer of the Star Wars prequel trilogy , and recorded an audition as a favor to him , but was not chosen . Wood , who was also the supervising sound editor , was in charge of the auditions and submitted his audition anonymously in the midst of 30 others , under the initials `` A.S. '' for Alan Smithee . Days later he received a phone call asking for the full name to the initials `` A.S. '' An internet hoax said John Rhys - Davies was considered for the role . Cameo appearances ( edit ) Lucas makes an appearance at the Coruscant Opera House as a blue - faced being named Baron Papanoida ; he can be seen outside Palpatine 's box . It marks Lucas ' only appearance in any of the Star Wars films . His three children also | [
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's box . It marks Lucas ' only appearance in any of the Star Wars films . His three children also appear in cameos : his son , Jett , as a young Jedi - in - training named Zett Jukassa who is killed defending the Jedi Temple against clone troopers ; his daughter , Amanda , as a character called Terr Taneel , seen in the security hologram ; and daughter Katie as a blue - skinned Pantoran named Chi Eekway , visible when Palpatine arrives at the Senate after being saved by the Jedi , and talking to Baron Papanoida at the Opera House ( she also has a brief speaking role in one of the deleted scenes where Padmé is meeting in secret with other senators ) . When Anakin , Obi - Wan , and Palpatine arrive via shuttle to the Senate docks after crash landing on Coruscant , the Millennium Falcon can be seen landing on one of the lower platforms as the shuttle approaches . New Zealand actress Keisha Castle - Hughes appeared as Queen Apailana of Naboo . She is seen during the funeral scene . Much of the crew also make cameos in the film . Nick Gillard , the stunt coordinator , plays a Jedi named Cin Drallig ( his name spelled backward , without the k ) . Jeremy Bulloch ( who played Boba Fett in the original trilogy ) , appeared in a speaking role as Captain Colton , the pilot of the Rebel Blockade Runner Tantive IV . Production ( edit ) Writing ( edit ) Lucas stated that he conceived the Star Wars saga 's story in the form of a plot outline in 1973 . However , he later clarified that , at the time of the saga 's conception , he had not fully realized the details -- only major plot points . He began working on the screenplay for Episode III even before the previous film , Attack of the Clones , was released , proposing to concept artists that the film would open with a montage of seven battles on seven planets . Michael Kaminski , in The Secret History of Star Wars , surmises that Lucas found flaws with Anakin 's fall to the dark side and radically re-organized the plot . For instance , instead of opening the film with various Clone Wars battles , Lucas decided instead to focus on Anakin , ending the film 's first act with his killing of Count Dooku , an action that signals his descent to the dark side . A significant number of fans speculated online about the film 's subtitle ; rumored titles included Rise of the Empire , The Creeping Fear ( which was also named as the film 's title on the official website on April Fool 's 2004 ) , and Birth of the Empire . Eventually , Revenge of the Sith also became a `` guessed title '' that George Lucas would later announce to be true . The title is a reference to Revenge of the Jedi , the original title of Return of the Jedi ; Lucas changed the title scant weeks before the premiere of Return of the Jedi , declaring that Jedi do not seek revenge . Since Lucas refocused the film on Anakin , he had to sacrifice certain extraneous plot points relating to | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith&oldid=865926124 | -3,191,478,901,559,978,000 | <P> The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars . The Jedi Knights are spread across the galaxy , leading a massive war against the Separatists . The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi - Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous , leader of the Separatist Army . Meanwhile , Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine , the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and , unknown to the public , a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious . Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order , the Republic , and Anakin himself . </P> | three years after the onset of the Clone Wars | -3191478901559977909_6 | false | Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 film directed by George Lucas. The film features Lucas' only appearance in any of the Star Wars films, as well as cameos from his three children. New Zealand actress Keisha Castle-Hughes also appeared in the film as Queen Apailana of Naboo. Many of the crew also make cameos in the film, including Nick Gillard, the stunt coordinator, and Jeremy Bulloch, who played Boba Fett in the original trilogy.
The film's production involved a significant amount of writing and reorganization of the plot. Lucas began working on the screenplay for Episode III before the previous film, Attack of the Clones, was released. He made significant changes to the plot, focusing more on Anakin's descent to the dark side. The film's subtitle, Revenge of the Sith, was a reference to the original title of Return of the Jedi, Revenge of the Jedi. Lucas changed the title to Revenge of the Sith, as Jedi do not seek revenge.
Revenge of the Sith takes place three years after the onset of the Clone Wars. |
Lucas refocused the film on Anakin , he had to sacrifice certain extraneous plot points relating to Attack of the Clones . Lucas had previously promised fans that he would explain the mystery behind the erasure of the planet Kamino from the Jedi Archives . However , Lucas abandoned this plot thread in order to devote more time to Anakin 's story , leaving the matter unresolved on film . As a compromise , Lucas permitted author James Luceno to explain the mystery of Kamino 's erasure and the origins of the Clone army in his expanded universe novel Labyrinth of Evil . Lucas had originally planned to include even more ties to the original trilogy , and wrote early drafts of the script in which a 10 - year - old Han Solo appeared on Kashyyyk , but the role was not cast or shot . He also wrote a scene in which Palpatine reveals to Anakin that he created him from midichlorians , and is thus his `` father '' , a clear parallel to Vader 's revelation to Luke in The Empire Strikes Back , but Lucas ejected this scene as well . Another planned scene by Lucas that was written during the early development of the film was a conversation between Master Yoda and the ghostly Qui Gon - Jinn , with Liam Neeson reprising his role as Jinn ( he also hinted his possible appearance in the film ) . However , the scene was never filmed and Neeson was never recorded , although the scene was present in the film 's novelization . Also , Neeson finally reprised the role in an episode of Star Wars : The Clone Wars in 2011 . After principal photography was complete in 2003 , Lucas made even more changes in Anakin 's character , sharpening Anakin 's motivations for turning to the dark side . Lucas accomplished this `` rewrite '' through editing the principal footage and filming new scenes during pick - ups in London in 2004 . In the previous versions , Anakin had myriad reasons for turning to the dark side , one of which was his sincere belief that the Jedi were plotting to take over the Republic . Although this is still intact in the finished film , by revising and refilming many scenes , Lucas emphasized Anakin 's desire to save Padmé from death . Thus , in the version that made it to theatres , Anakin falls to the dark side primarily to save Padmé . Art design ( edit ) After the screenplay 's earliest draft was submitted , the art department began designing the various ways that each element could appear on screen . For the Kashyyyk environment , the art department turned to the Star Wars Holiday Special for inspiration . Over a period of months , Lucas would approve hundreds of designs that would eventually appear in the film . He would later rewrite entire scenes and action sequences to correspond to certain designs he had chosen . The designs were then shipped to `` pre-visualization '' to create moving CGI versions known as `` animatics '' . Ben Burtt would edit these scenes with Lucas in order to previsualize what the film | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith&oldid=865926124 | -3,191,478,901,559,978,000 | <P> The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars . The Jedi Knights are spread across the galaxy , leading a massive war against the Separatists . The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi - Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous , leader of the Separatist Army . Meanwhile , Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine , the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and , unknown to the public , a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious . Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order , the Republic , and Anakin himself . </P> | three years after the onset of the Clone Wars | -3191478901559977909_7 | false | Revenge of the Sith is a film that underwent significant changes during its production. Director George Lucas refocused the film on Anakin, sacrificing certain plot points related to Attack of the Clones. He had originally planned to include more ties to the original trilogy, such as a 10-year-old Han Solo appearing on Kashyyyk, and a scene in which Palpatine reveals to Anakin that he created him from midichlorians. However, these scenes were ultimately not included in the final film.
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In terms of art design, the art department began designing various elements after the screenplay's earliest draft was submitted. For the Kashyyyk environment, the department turned to the Star Wars Holiday Special for inspiration. Lucas approved hundreds of designs, which were then turned into moving CGI versions known as "animatics." These designs played a significant role in shaping the final look of the film.
Overall, Revenge of the Sith underwent numerous changes and revisions throughout its production, ultimately resulting in the film that was released to theaters. |
animatics '' . Ben Burtt would edit these scenes with Lucas in order to previsualize what the film would look like before the scenes were even filmed . The pre-visualization footage featured a basic raw CGI environment with equally unprocessed CGI characters performing a scene ( typically an action sequence ) . Steven Spielberg was also allowed to assist both the art and pre-visualization department 's designs for several action sequences in Revenge of the Sith . Later , the pre-visualization and art department designs were sent to the production department to begin `` bringing the film out of the concept phase '' by building the various sets , props and costumes . To determine the required sets , Lucas analyzed each scene with the staff to see which moments the actors would come in most contact with the set , warranting the set to be constructed . Filming ( edit ) Although the first scene filmed was the final scene to appear in the film ( shot during the filming of Attack of the Clones in 2000 ) , principal photography on the film occurred from June 30 , 2003 to September 17 , 2003 , with additional photography occurring at Shepperton Studios and Elstree Studios in London from August 2004 to January 31 , 2005 . The initial filming took place on sound stages at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney , although practical environments were shot as background footage later to be composited into the film . These included the limestone mountains depicting Kashyyyk , which were filmed in Phuket , Thailand ( they were later damaged by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami ) . The production company was also fortunate enough to be shooting at the same time that Mount Etna erupted in Italy . Camera crews were sent to the location to shoot several angles of the volcano that were later spliced into the background of the animatics and the final film version of the planet Mustafar . While shooting key dramatic scenes , Lucas would often use an `` A camera '' and `` B camera '' , or the `` V technique '' , a process that involves shooting with two or more cameras at the same time in order to gain several angles of the same performance . Using the HD technology developed for the film , the filmmakers were able to send footage to the editors the same day it was shot , a process that would require a full 24 hours had it been shot on film . Footage featuring the planet Mustafar was given to editor Roger Barton , who was on location in Sydney , Australia cutting the climactic duel . All other footage was forwarded to lead editor Ben Burtt at Skywalker Ranch in California . Hayden Christensen says Lucas asked him `` to bulk up and physically show the maturity that had taken place between the two films '' . The actor says he worked out with a trainer in Sydney for three months and ate `` six meals a day and on every protein , weight gain supplement that man has created '' to go from 160lbs. to 185lbs . Christensen and | [
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gain supplement that man has created '' to go from 160lbs. to 185lbs . Christensen and Ewan McGregor began rehearsing their climactic lightsaber duel long before Lucas would shoot it . They trained extensively with stunt coordinator Nick Gillard to memorize and perform their duel together . As in the previous prequel film , McGregor and Christensen performed their own lightsaber fighting scenes without the use of stunt doubles . The speed at which Vader and Obi - Wan engage in their duel is mostly the speed at which it was filmed , although there are instances where single frames were removed to increase the velocity of particular strikes . An example of this occurs as Obi - Wan strikes down on Vader after applying an armlock in the duel 's first half . Revenge of the Sith eventually became the first Star Wars film in which Anakin Skywalker and the suited Darth Vader were played by the same actor in the same film . As Christensen recounted , it was originally intended to simply have a `` tall guy '' in the Darth Vader costume , but after `` begging and pleading '' Christensen persuaded Lucas to have the Vader costume used in the film created specifically to fit him . The new costume featured shoe lifts and a muscle suit . It also required Christensen ( who is 6 feet 1 inch or 1.85 metres tall ) to look through the helmet 's mouthpiece . In 2004 , Gary Oldman was originally approached to provide the voice of General Grievous ; however , complications arose during contract negotiations after Oldman learned the film was to be made outside of the Screen Actors Guild , of which he is a member . He backed out of the role rather than violate the union 's rules . Matthew Wood , who voiced Grievous , disputed this story at Celebration III , held in Indianapolis . According to him , Oldman is a friend of producer Rick McCallum , and thus recorded an audition as a favor to him , but was not chosen . Wood , who was also the supervising sound editor , was in charge of the auditions and submitted his audition anonymously in the midst of 30 others , under the initials `` A.S. '' for Alan Smithee . Days later , he received a phone call asking for the full name to the initials `` A.S. '' Visual effects ( edit ) The post-production department began work during filming and continued until weeks before the film was released in 2005 . Special effects were created using almost all formats , including model work , CGI and practical effects . The same department later composited all such work into the filmed scenes -- both processes taking nearly two years to complete . Revenge of the Sith has 2,151 shots that use special effects , a world record . As the DVD featurette Within a Minute illustrates , the film required 910 artists and 70,441 man - hours to create 49 seconds of footage for the Mustafar duel alone . Members of Hyperspace , the Official Star Wars Fan Club , received a special look into the production . | [
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of Hyperspace , the Official Star Wars Fan Club , received a special look into the production . Benefits included not only special articles , but they also received access to a webcam that transmitted a new image every 20 seconds during the time it was operating in Fox Studios Australia . Many times the stars , and Lucas himself , were spotted on the webcam . Deleted scenes ( edit ) During the process of shaping the film for it 's theatrical release , Lucas and his editors dropped many scenes , and even an entire subplot , from the completed film . Lucas excised all the scenes of a group of Senators , including Padmé , Bail Organa , and Mon Mothma ( Genevieve O'Reilly ) , organising an alliance to prevent the Chancellor from receiving any more emergency powers . Though this is essentially the Rebel Alliance 's birth , the scenes were discarded to achieve more focus on Anakin 's story . The scene where Yoda arrives on Dagobah to begin his self - imposed exile was also cut , but is featured in a deleted scene in the DVD release , although McCallum stated he hopes Lucas may add it to the release if Lucas releases a six - episode DVD box set . Many scenes concerning Jedi deaths during the execution of Order 66 were cut . The deaths of Barriss Offee and Luminara Unduli were either cut from the film or not filmed in the first place . Bai Ling filmed minor scenes for the film playing a senator , but her role was cut during editing . She claimed this was because she posed for the June 2005 issue of Playboy , whose appearance on newsstands coincided with the film 's May release . Lucas denied this , stating that the cut had been made more than a year earlier , and that he had cut his own daughter 's scenes as well . Music ( edit ) Main article : Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith ( soundtrack ) The music was composed and conducted by John Williams ( who has composed and conducted the score for every episode in the Star Wars saga ) , and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and London Voices . The film 's soundtrack was released by Sony Classical on May 3 , 2005 , more than two weeks before the film 's release . A music video titled A Hero Falls was created for the film 's theme , `` Battle of the Heroes '' , featuring footage from the film and was also available on the DVD . The soundtrack also came with a collectors ' DVD , Star Wars : A Musical Journey , at no additional cost . The DVD , hosted by McDiarmid , features 16 music videos set to remastered selections of music from all six film scores , set chronologically through the saga . This album was chosen as one of Amazon.com 's Top 100 Editors ' Picks of 2005 ( # 83 ) . Releases ( edit ) Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith charity premieres took place in Seattle , Los Angeles , Chicago , Washington D.C. , Boston , Denver , Atlanta , San Francisco , and Miami on Thursday , May | [
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Chicago , Washington D.C. , Boston , Denver , Atlanta , San Francisco , and Miami on Thursday , May 12 , 2005 ; and on May 13 , 2005 , there were two additional charity premiere screenings in George Lucas 's hometown of Modesto. The official premiere was at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival ( out of competition ) on May 16 . Its theatrical release in most other countries took place on May 19 to coincide with the 1999 release of The Phantom Menace ( the 1977 release of A New Hope and the 1983 release of Return of the Jedi were also released on the same day and month , six years apart ) . The global outplacement firm Challenger , Gray & Christmas claimed one week before the premiere that it may have cost the U.S. economy approximately US $ 627 million in lost productivity because of employees who took a day off or reported in sick . Grauman 's Chinese Theatre , a traditional venue for the Star Wars films , did not show it . However , a line of people stood there for more than a month hoping to convince someone to change this . Most of them took advantage of an offer to see the film at a nearby cinema , ArcLight Cinemas ( formerly the `` Cinerama Dome '' ) . On May 16 , the Empire Cinema in London 's Leicester Square hosted a day - long Star Wars marathon showing of all six films ; an army of Imperial stormtroopers `` guarded '' the area , and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra gave a free concert of Star Wars music . Leaked workprint ( edit ) A copy of the film leaked onto peer - to - peer file sharing networks just hours after opening in theaters . The film was a time - stamped workprint , suggesting it may have come from within the industry rather than from someone who videotaped an advance screening . Eight people were later charged with copyright infringement and distributing material illegally . Documents filed by the Los Angeles District Attorney allege that a copy of the film was taken from an unnamed Californian post-production office by an employee , who later pleaded guilty to his charges . The illegal copy was passed among seven people until reaching an eighth party , who also pleaded guilty to uploading to an unnamed P2P network . Shortly after the above - mentioned print was leaked , it was released in Shanghai as a bootleg DVD with Chinese subtitles . The unknown producer of this DVD also chose to include English subtitles , which were in fact translated back into English from the Chinese translation , rather than using the original English script . This resulted in the subtitles being heavily mis - translated , often causing unintentional humor . For example , in the opening crawl the title is mis - translated as Star War : The Third Gathers - The Backstroke of the West . One error that recurs several times in the subtitles is that the phrase `` it seems '' ( 好 象 ) was rendered as `` good elephant '' . `` Jedi Council '' is rendered as `` Presbyterian Church '' , and the mis - translation also caused the word | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith&oldid=865926124 | -3,191,478,901,559,978,000 | <P> The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars . The Jedi Knights are spread across the galaxy , leading a massive war against the Separatists . The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi - Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous , leader of the Separatist Army . Meanwhile , Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine , the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and , unknown to the public , a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious . Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order , the Republic , and Anakin himself . </P> | three years after the onset of the Clone Wars | -3191478901559977909_11 | false | Revenge of the Sith, the third installment of the Star Wars prequel trilogy, premiered in Chicago, Washington D.C., Boston, Denver, Atlanta, San Francisco, and Miami on May 12, 2005. Additional charity premiere screenings took place in Modesto on May 13, 2005, and the official premiere was at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival on May 16. The film was released in most other countries on May 19, coinciding with the 1999 release of The Phantom Menace. The global outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas estimated that the film may have cost the U.S. economy approximately US $627 million in lost productivity due to employees taking a day off or reporting in sick. Grauman's Chinese Theatre did not show the film, but a line of people stood there for over a month hoping to convince someone to change this. The film was leaked onto peer-to-peer file sharing networks just hours after opening in theaters, and a copy of the film was taken from an unnamed Californian post-production office by an employee, who later pleaded guilty to his charges. The leaked workprint was also released in Shanghai as a bootleg DVD with Chinese subtitles, resulting in heavily mis-translated subtitles and unintentional humor. |
'' is rendered as `` Presbyterian Church '' , and the mis - translation also caused the word `` fuck '' to replace `` work '' four times in the subtitles . Darth Vader 's cry of `` Noooooooo ! '' ( 不要 ) is rendered as `` Do not want '' . This last translation error would later be popularized as an internet meme . In 2016 , YouTube user GratefulDeadpool uploaded a fan edit of Revenge of the Sith in which the cast 's voices were dubbed to match the bootleg subtitles . Rating ( edit ) Revenge of the Sith is the first Star Wars film to receive a PG - 13 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) , officially for `` sci - fi violence and some intense images '' , namely for the scene in which Darth Vader is set aflame by lava and molten rock . Lucas had stated months before the MPAA 's decision that he felt the film should receive a PG - 13 rating , because of Anakin 's final moments and the film 's content being the darkest and most intense of all six films . Some critics , including Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper , later responded that children would be able to handle the film as long as they had parental guidance , hence a `` PG rating '' . All previously released films in the series were rated PG . The PG - 13 rating had not existed when the films in the original trilogy were released ; however , the original trilogy 's films were later re-submitted to the MPAA due to changes in the re-released versions and once again received PG ratings . When Revenge of the Sith was released in Canada , it was given a PG rating in most provinces , excluding Quebec , where it was rated G. In the United Kingdom it received a 12A rating by the British Board of Film Classification ( BBFC ) . In Australia , the film was rated M for mature audiences by the Australian Classification Board ( ACB ) . Home media ( edit ) The film was released on DVD and VHS on October 31 , 2005 in the UK and Ireland , on November 1 , 2005 in the United States and Canada on DVD and on November 3 , 2005 in Australia . It was also released in most major territories on or near the same day . The DVD was a two - disc set , with picture and sound mastered from the original digital source material . The DVD included a number of documentaries including a new full - length documentary as well as two featurettes , one which explores the prophecy of Anakin Skywalker as the Chosen One , the other looking at the film 's stunts and a 15 - part collection of web - documentaries from the official web site . Like the other DVD releases , included is an audio commentary track featuring Lucas , producer Rick McCallum , animation director Rob Coleman , and ILM visual effects supervisors John Knoll and Roger Guyett . Six deleted scenes were included with introductions from Lucas and McCallum . An Xbox game demo for Star Wars : Battlefront II along with a trailer for the Star Wars : Empire at War PC game was featured on the second disc . | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith&oldid=865926124 | -3,191,478,901,559,978,000 | <P> The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars . The Jedi Knights are spread across the galaxy , leading a massive war against the Separatists . The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi - Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous , leader of the Separatist Army . Meanwhile , Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine , the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and , unknown to the public , a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious . Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order , the Republic , and Anakin himself . </P> | three years after the onset of the Clone Wars | -3191478901559977909_12 | false | Revenge of the Sith is the first Star Wars film to receive a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), officially for "sci-fi violence and some intense images", namely for the scene in which Darth Vader is set aflame by lava and molten rock. The film was released on DVD and VHS on October 31, 2005 in the UK and Ireland, on November 1, 2005 in the United States and Canada on DVD and on November 3, 2005 in Australia. It was also released in most major territories on or near the same day. The DVD was a two-disc set, with picture and sound mastered from the original digital source material. The DVD included a number of documentaries including a new full-length documentary as well as two featurettes, one which explores the prophecy of Anakin Skywalker as the Chosen One, the other looking at the film's stunts and a 15-part collection of web-documents from the official website. Like the other DVD releases, included is an audio commentary track featuring Lucas, producer Rick McCallum, animation director Rob Coleman, and ILM visual effects supervisors John Knoll and Roger Guyett. Six deleted scenes were included with introductions from Lucas and McCallum. An Xbox game demo for Star Wars: Battlefront II along with a trailer for the Star Wars: Empire at War PC game was featured on the second disc. |
with a trailer for the Star Wars : Empire at War PC game was featured on the second disc . Also , a special two - pack exclusive , sold only at Wal - Mart stores , included another bonus DVD , The Story of Star Wars . This release is notable because , due to marketing issues , it was the first Star Wars film never to be released on VHS in the United States . However , the film was released on VHS in Australia , the U.K. and other countries in the world . The DVD was re-released in a prequel trilogy box set on November 4 , 2008 . The Star Wars films were released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on Blu - ray Disc on September 16 , 2011 in three different editions . On April 7 , 2015 , Walt Disney Studios , 20th Century Fox , and Lucasfilm jointly announced the digital releases of the six released Star Wars films . Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Revenge of the Sith through the iTunes Store , Amazon Video , Vudu , Google Play , and Disney Movies Anywhere on April 10 , 2015 . 3D re-release ( edit ) On September 28 , 2010 , it was announced that all six films in the series were to be stereo - converted to 3D . The films would be re-released in chronological order beginning with The Phantom Menace on February 10 , 2012 . Revenge of the Sith was originally scheduled to be re-released in 3D on October 11 , 2013 ( later pushed up to October 4 , 2013 ) . However , on January 28 , 2013 , Lucasfilm announced that it was postponing the 3D release of episodes II and III in order to `` focus 100 percent of our efforts on Star Wars : The Force Awakens '' and that further information about 3D release plans would be issued at a later date . The premiere of the 3D version was shown on April 17 , 2015 , at Star Wars Celebration Anaheim . Reception ( edit ) Critical response ( edit ) On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 79 % based on 288 reviews , with an average rating of 7.3 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` With Episode III : Revenge of the Sith , George Lucas brings his second Star Wars trilogy to a suitably thrilling and often poignant -- if still a bit uneven -- conclusion . '' On Metacritic , the film has a score of 68 out of 100 , based on 40 critics , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average `` A -- '' grade on an A+ to F scale . Most critics have considered the film to be the best of the prequel trilogy , with a few even calling it the best of the entire Star Wars saga . A.O. Scott of The New York Times concluded that it was `` the best of the four episodes Mr. Lucas has directed '' , and equal to The Empire Strikes Back as `` the richest and most challenging movie in the cycle '' . In a 2007 summary of the 100 Best Science - Fiction Films on Rotten Tomatoes , Revenge of the Sith was placed 51 out of 100 , making it | [
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- Fiction Films on Rotten Tomatoes , Revenge of the Sith was placed 51 out of 100 , making it the only Star Wars prequel film to earn a rank on that list . Jonathan Rosenbaum , a critic who disliked A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back , gave the film a positive review , saying that it had a `` relatively thoughtful story '' . Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun - Times gave the film three - and - a-half out of four stars , writing `` If ( Lucas ) got bogged down in solemnity and theory in Episode II : Attack of the Clones , the Force is in a jollier mood this time , and Revenge of the Sith is a great entertainment . '' In 2012 , Glittering Images art critic Camille Paglia praised the film , comparing some of its scenes to works by modern painters and calling it `` the greatest work of art in recent memory '' . Paglia explained that the film 's finale ... has more inherent artistic value , emotional power , and global impact than anything by the artists you name . It 's because the art world has flat - lined and become an echo chamber of received opinion and toxic over-praise . It 's like the emperor 's new clothes -- people are too intimidated to admit what they secretly think or what they might think with their blinders off . Episode III epitomizes the modern digital art movement , more so than other piece from the last 30 years . I had considered using Japanese anime for the digital art chapter of the book , but it lacked the overwhelming operatic power and yes , seriousness of Lucas 's Revenge of the Sith . Though many critics and fans viewed Revenge of the Sith as the strongest of the three prequels , some viewers thought it was more or less on par with The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones . Much of the criticism for the film was directed towards the dialogue , particularly the film 's romantic scenes , and for Christensen 's performance ( which won him his second Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor ) . Critics and fans criticised lines such as `` Hold me , Ani . Hold me , like you did by the lake on Naboo ... where there was nothing but our love ... '' . Critics have claimed this demonstrated Lucas 's weakness as a writer of dialogue , a subject with which Lucas openly agreed when receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute . Some American conservatives criticized the film , claiming it has a liberal bias and is a commentary on the George W. Bush administration and the Iraq War . Some websites went so far as to propose a boycott of the film . Lucas defended the film , stating that the film 's storyline was written during the Vietnam War and was influenced by that conflict rather than the war in Iraq . Lucas did say , however , that `` The parallels between Vietnam and what we 're doing in Iraq now are unbelievable '' . Box Office ( edit ) The film was released in 115 countries . Its worldwide gross eventually reached $849 million -- | [
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The film was released in 115 countries . Its worldwide gross eventually reached $849 million -- making it the second most financially successful film of 2005 , behind Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire . The film earned an estimated $16.91 million from 2,900 midnight screenings in North America upon its release . In total , it earned a record $50 million on its opening day . It was surpassed the following year by Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest , which earned $55.5 million on its opening day . With only the May 19 earnings , the film broke four box office records : midnight screenings gross ( previously held by The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King , $8 million ) , opening day gross ( Spider - Man 2 , with $40.4 million ) , single day gross ( Shrek 2 with $44.8 million ) and Thursday gross ( The Matrix Reloaded with $37.5 million ) . Its single day and opening day gross records were later surpassed by Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest on July 7 , 2006 , when that movie grossed $55.5 million on its opening day , and its midnight screening gross was broken by The Dark Knight on July 18 , 2008 with $18.5 million . It still retains its record for Thursday gross , however . According to box office analysis sites , the film set American records for highest gross in a given number of days for each of its first 12 days of release except for the seventh and eighth , where the record is narrowly held by Spider - Man 2 . On its fifth day , it became the highest - grossing film of 2005 , surpassing Hitch ( $177.6 million ) . The film earned $158.5 million in its first four - day period , surpassing the previous four - day record held by The Matrix Reloaded ( $134.3 million ) , and joining Spider - Man , The Matrix Reloaded and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as one the only films to make $100 million in three days . In eight days , it reached the $200 million mark ( a record tied with Spider - Man 2 ) and by its 17th day , the film had passed $300 million ( surpassing the record of 18 days of Shrek 2 ) . It was eventually the third - fastest film ( after Shrek 2 and Spider - Man ) to reach $350 million . The film ended its run in American theaters on October 20 , 2005 , finishing with a total gross of $380,270,577 . It ranks 29th in all - time domestic grosses and is the highest - grossing U.S. of 2005 , outgrossing second - place The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe by nearly $90 million . The film sold an estimated 59,324,600 tickets in the US . International grosses that exceeded $460 million include those Australia ( $27.2 million ) , France and Algeria ( $56.9 million ) , Germany ( $47.3 million ) , Italy ( $11.3 million ) , Japan ( $82.7 million ) , Mexico ( $15.3 million ) , South Korea ( $10.3 million ) , Spain ( $23.8 million ) , and the United Kingdom and Ireland ( $72.8 million ) . Accolades ( edit ) Following the release | [
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and Ireland ( $72.8 million ) . Accolades ( edit ) Following the release of Revenge of the Sith -- the completion of the original and prequel Star Wars series -- on June 9 , 2005 , George Lucas was presented with the 33rd American Film Institute Lifetime Achievement Award . The institute honored his `` astonishing contributions to the art and technology of filmmaking , as well as the impact of the epic Star Wars series '' . Despite being the prequel trilogy 's best reviewed and received film , it received fewer award nominations than the previous films . It became the only Star Wars film not to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects ; however , it was nominated for Best Makeup ( Dave Elsey and Nikki Gooley ) , losing to The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe . It also won `` Favorite Motion Picture '' and `` Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture '' awards at the People 's Choice Awards , `` Hollywood Movie of the Year '' award at the Hollywood Film Festival , Empire Awards ( Sci - Fi / Fantasy Film ) , and the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie - Action . It also was nominated for Best Score Soundtrack Album at the 48th Grammy Awards in 2006 . As did every film of the original trilogy , the film won the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . Williams also won Best Music . The film was nominated for ten Saturn Awards overall , including Best Director and Best Writing for Lucas , Best Actor for Christensen , Best Actress for Natalie Portman and Best Supporting Actor for Ian McDiarmid . The film did , however , receive the fewest Golden Raspberry Awards nominations : only one , for Christensen as Worst Supporting Actor , which he won . ( The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones received seven nominations each , with one and two wins , respectively . ) It is the only Star Wars prequel not to receive a Razzie nomination for `` Worst Picture '' . Christensen further won the `` Best Villain '' award at the MTV Movie Awards . Themes ( edit ) See also : Star Wars sources and analogues Throughout Revenge of the Sith , Lucas refers to a wide range of films and other sources , drawing on political , military , and mythological motifs to enhance his story 's impact . Perhaps the most media coverage was given to a particular exchange between Anakin and Obi - Wan , which led to the aforementioned controversy : `` If you 're not with me , then you 're my enemy '' , Anakin declares . Despite Lucas ' insistence to the contrary , The Seattle Times concluded , `` Without naming Bush or the Patriot Act , it 's all unmistakable no matter what your own politics may be . '' McDiarmid , Lucas , and others have also called Anakin 's journey to the dark side Faustian in the sense of making a `` pact with the devil '' for short - term gain , with the fiery volcano planet Mustafar representing hell . Midway through the film , Lucas intercuts between | [
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The film also received nominations for the Grammy Awards and won the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film. Additionally, it received the fewest Golden Raspberry Awards nominations, with Hayden Christensen winning the Worst Supporting Actor award. Revenge of the Sith is known for drawing on political, military, and mythological motifs to enhance its impact, with particular attention given to Anakin's journey to the dark side and the symbolism of the fiery volcano planet Mustafar.
Overall, Revenge of the Sith is a significant film in the Star Wars series, receiving both critical acclaim and various awards and nominations. |
fiery volcano planet Mustafar representing hell . Midway through the film , Lucas intercuts between Anakin and Padmé by themselves , thinking about one another in the Jedi Temple and their apartment , respectively , during sunset . The sequence is without dialogue and complemented by a moody , synthesized soundtrack . Lucas ' coverage of the exterior cityscapes , skylines and interior isolation in the so - called `` Ruminations '' sequence is similar to the cinematography and mise - en - scène of Rosemary 's Baby , a film in which a husband makes a literal pact with the devil . As with the previous film and its allusions to The Empire Strikes Back , some deliberately placed references have been made to draw allusions with Return of the Jedi ( Episode VI ) . The title is similar in style to Episode VI 's planned `` Revenge of the Jedi '' . Some dialogue is mirrored in both films especially the line `` I can feel your anger ! '' spoken by Palpatine , who also orders his personal entourage / bodyguards to `` Leave us '' at important moments in both films . Both films feature lightsaber duels before Palpatine with similar imagery and dialog ; Count Dooku 's tacit encouragement of Anakin 's hate and anger is analogous to Darth Vader attempts to play on Luke 's fear of loss by taunting him with threats against Leia . In Vader 's earlier identity as Anakin , his own fear of the loss of Padmé is what draws him to the dark side . Prior to settling on the Ewoks as the main helpers , the Wookiee race was originally planned to be in Return of the Jedi . Anakin 's decision to save Palpatine over Master Windu parallels the decision he would eventually make as Darth Vader to save Luke from Palpatine in Return of the Jedi . Other media ( edit ) Novelization ( edit ) Main article : Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith ( novel ) The film 's novelization was written by Matthew Stover . It includes much more dialogue than the film , including : a conversation between Count Dooku and Darth Sidious , where the reader learns Palpatine lied to Dooku about what the Empire would truly be ; a conversation between Mace Windu and Obi - Wan Kenobi where Obi - Wan expresses self - doubt about whether he is the right Jedi to battle General Grievous ; and a conversation between Anakin and Palpatine in which Palpatine promises to give Anakin anything he wants -- whether it be a new speeder or the star system Corellia . The novel includes many minor details . For example , during the Battle of Coruscant , Anakin 's callsign is Red 5 , a reference to Luke 's callsign in the climactic battle of A New Hope , and one of the Republic capital ships is commanded by Lieutenant Commander Lorth Needa , who becomes Captain Needa in The Empire Strikes Back . There are also references to the Star Wars : Republic comic book series , such as the Battle of Jabiim ( Volume 3 ) . In addition to this , the siege of the Jedi Temple is much more | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith&oldid=865926124 | -3,191,478,901,559,978,000 | <P> The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars . The Jedi Knights are spread across the galaxy , leading a massive war against the Separatists . The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi - Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous , leader of the Separatist Army . Meanwhile , Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine , the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and , unknown to the public , a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious . Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order , the Republic , and Anakin himself . </P> | three years after the onset of the Clone Wars | -3191478901559977909_17 | false | Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith is a film that takes place three years after the onset of the Clone Wars. The movie features a sequence without dialogue and is complemented by a moody, synthesized soundtrack. The cinematography and mise-en-scène of the film have been compared to the style of Rosemary's Baby. Additionally, deliberate references have been made to draw allusions with Return of the Jedi, including similar dialogue and imagery. The film's novelization, written by Matthew Stover, includes much more dialogue than the film and provides additional details about the Battle of Coruscant and the siege of the Jedi Temple. |
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