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Osteoarthritis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease), is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by abnormal wearing of the cartilage that covers and acts as a cushion inside joints and destruction or decrease of synovial fluid that lubricates those joints. As the bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, the patient experiences pain upon weight bearing, including walking and standing. Due to decreased movement because of the pain, regional muscles may atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax. OA is the most common form of arthritis. The word is derived from the Greek word "osteo", meaning "of the bone", "arthro", meaning "joint", and "itis", meaning inflammation, although many sufferers have little or no inflammation. Keeping this in mind, other closely related pathologies include pseudo-arthrosis. This is derived from the Greek words pseudo, meaning "false", and arthrosis, meaning "joint." Radiographic diagnosis results in diagnosis of a fracture within a joint, which is not to be confused with osteoarthritis which is a degenerative pathology affecting a high incidence of distal phalangeal joints of female patients. Many people erroneously think that OA is due to wear and tear. This common misconception is due to the fact that OA typically does not present in younger people. Abnormal loading of joints due to poor posture may increase risk for OA, but only because of the abnormal loading of the joint. If a joint is loaded normally, there should be no OA - the coefficient of friction of a normal joint is frequently described as sliding ice on ice - it will go forever. OA affects nearly 21 million people in the United States, accounting for 25% of visits to primary care physicians, and half of all NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) prescriptions. It is estimated that 80% of the population will have radiographic evidence of OA by age 65, although only 60% of those will be symptomatic. Treatment is with NSAIDs, local injections of glucocorticoid or hyaluronan, and in severe cases, with joint replacement surgery. There has been no cure for OA, as cartilage has not been induced to regenerate. However, if OA is caused by cartilage damage (for example as a result of an injury) Chondrocyte Implantation may be a possible treatment. Clinical trials employing tissue-engineering methods have demonstrated regeneration of cartilage in damaged knees, including those that had progressed to osteoarthritis. Further, in January 2007, Johns Hopkins University was offering to license a technology of this kind, listing several clinical competitors in its market analysis.

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Today we’ll understand the use of static and final keywords in Java. These two are important keywords of Java and are very significant. The static keyword can be used with the variables, blocks, methods, imports and nested classes. A static variable is common to all objects of the class unlike normal variable. ‘static’ variables belong to the class and not to objects so they can be used directly from class name without the need of creating an object. Here’s a small piece of code which further explains the ‘static’ concept: static Methods are similar to static variables. static methods can only use static data members. They are common to all objects of the class and are accessed with the class name. One thing to note is that static methods can’t use ‘this’ and ‘super’ keywords. If we make a variable final, it becomes a constant and its value can’t be changed. If the final variable is uninitialized, it can only be initialized in the constructor. Since speedlimit is declared final, its value can’t be changed. When a method is declared final, it can’t be overridden or redefined. When a class is declared final, it can’t be inherited. So final keyword is very useful when we need to declare constants, like PI (=3.14) is a constant and mustn’t be changed. If we have a concrete method which mustn’t be changed after Inheritance from some other class, we can declare it final. Finally, if we want to restrict a class from being inherited, we can declare it final.

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- adj. 脆弱的；虚弱的 - n. 灯心草篓；少妇；少女 CET6+ TEM4 IELTS GRE CET6 1. flail, frail: 打谷子用扁担，l 是扁担、连盖，r像一朵花，花脆弱. 2. frail (源自fragile，g 被省略)脆弱，虚弱的。 3. ail => frail. 4. fr- + ail => frail. - frail (adj.) - mid-14c., "morally weak," from Old French fraile, frele "weak, frail, sickly, infirm" (12c., Modern French frêle), from Latin fragilis "easily broken" (see fragility). It is the Frenchified form of fragile. Sense of "easily destroyed, liable to break" in English is from late 14c. The U.S. slang noun meaning "a woman" is attested from 1908; perhaps with awareness of Shakespeare's "Frailty, thy name is woman." - 1. The frail craft rocked as he clambered in. - 2. Mother was becoming too frail to live alone. - 3. The boy was frail and never ganged with his fellows at school. - 4. My grandmother was becoming more and more sad and frail as the years went by. - 5. She lay in bed looking particularly frail. [ frail 造句 ]

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LEOPARDS in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh are becoming so numerous that they are attacking people and livestock and should be culled, says Gian Chand Gupta, the state’s principal chief conservator of forests. He wants the federal environment ministry to sanction the killing of around 270 leopards. The leopard population swelled from 540 in 1989 to 821 in 1993, when the last census was carried out. The leopard is an endangered species, protected by India’s Wildlife Protection Act, and hunting has been banned since 1974. The result, says the state government, is an increase in the number of attacks on cattle and people. In the past five years, in the districts of Kangra, Hamirpur and Shimla, the big cats have killed 30 people, disabled 6 and injured 124. The state government acknowledges that destruction of the leopard’s forest habitat is forcing the animals to stray outside their traditional territories. Some leopards have moved closer to villages where cattle and sometimes humans are easy prey. The lowlands of Himachal Pradesh, where people are concentrated and only remnants of forest remain, can support only 245 leopards, argues Gupta, yet in 1993 there were 513. He wants to cull the extra 268 animals. “There seems to be no solution short of destroying a substantial section of the leopard population,” he says in his proposal. Conservationists are outraged. “Nobody knows what the real numbers are,” says Valmik Thapar, the vice-chairman for Asia of the World Conservation Union’s cat specialist group. The group has called for a detailed survey to gather reliable data on the population before any decision is made on the proposal. “Any rushing of this process based on the present unscientific data will be a reckless decision which will have serious repercussions,” says Thapar. He points out that leopards are still threatened by poachers and need protection. “The leopard situation in the country is terrible,” says Thapar. “Between 1000 and 1500 leopards are poached every year. For every tiger poached, there are roughly eight to ten leopards killed.”

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High Current DC Motor Driver Introduction Recently, I published an article on L293D piggy backing for driving high current motors. That came up when I was building a remote controlled robot with 6 high current, high speed DC Motors. Even though it could drive motors effortlessly, it generated too much heat if used for more than 10 minutes straight. So, I checked for other DC motor drivers that could drive these DC motors without much heat dissipation. Then I came up with VNH2SP30 DC Motor Driver. This one was relatively cheap and easily available. So I decided to give it a shot. VNH2SP30 Motor Driver VNH2SP30 is an awesome high current full bridge motor driver made for high current applications such as driving heavy Stepper/DC Motors and a wide range of automotive purposes. This board adds a dual monolithic high side driver and two low side switches. - Maximum Voltage: 16V - Peak Current: 30 A - Practical Continuous Current: 14 A - Dedicated Pin for Current Sensing - MOSFET on-resistance: 19 mΩ (per leg) - Maximum PWM frequency: 20 kHz - Thermal Shutdown - Undervoltage & Overvoltage Shutdown. VNH2SP30 Pin Functions INA and INB used to control the direction of Motor; whether clockwise or anti clockwise. PWM pin can be used to control the speed of the rotation of motor and top turn it on or off. Basically these are the 3 pins you need to drive the motor. Then we have another pin which can be used to measure the output current. Current Sense (CS) pins will output a voltage proportional to the current drawn (0.13 volts per amp) of output current. Motor Power Supply – There are two ports where you can provide a voltage to drive the motor. IC Pwer Supply – There are VCC and Gnd pins where you provide a voltage of 5V for the working of the internal circuitry. Controlling DC Motor using Arduino and VNH2SP30 Motor Driver We will now connect Arduino to VNH2SP30 and write a single code to rotate DC motor clock wise and counter clock wise and control their speed using Arduino and VNH2SP30 motor driver. VNH2SP30 —– Arduino Connections - Vcc ——- 5 V - Gnd ——- 0 V - A1 ——- Pin 13 - A2 ——- Pin 2 - PWM ——- Pin 3 - Motor + ——- 12 V - Motor – ——- 0 V - Motor 1 Terminal 1 ——- To Motor - Motor 1 Terminal 2 ——- To Motor VNH2SP30 Arduino Code define MOTOR_A1_PIN 13 define MOTOR_B1_PIN 12 define PWM_MOTOR_1 3 Serial.println(“Moving Counter Clock Wise”); As simple as that. You can simply modify this code to rotate the motor whichever way you want. Top Arduino Projects You can Try this Summer Vacation Here is a list of the latest Arduino Projects 2019 implementing newer sensors and boards, which can be followed easily and are really interesting to implement you can try this summer vacation. Top Robotics Projects You can Try this Summer Vacation Here is a list of the latest Robotics Projects for 2019 based on Raspberry Pi Arduino Projects 2019 implementing newer sensors and boards, which can be followed easily and are really interesting to implement you can try this summer vacation. Did you find this page useful? Help us to improve by rating this page.

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Rainbows and Unicorns? Rainbows and Unicorns? Eating fruits and vegetables in the color of the rainbow should not be mythical, unusual or elusive, but we do know it is quite magical for your health and vitality! The symbiotic relationship with plants and humans is quite incredible. We humans can cultivate their growth and in return they provide abundant nutrients and phytochemicals to help nourish our bodies and keep us healthy, so that we can keep nourishing them as well. When one eats plants in the “color of the rainbow’ every day, the health benefits are immense and actually necessary to resist disease and live healthier, longer lives. The Science Behind the Rainbow Diet Fruits and vegetables are made up of phytonutrients, otherwise called "phytochemicals," which are compounds that give the plants their vibrant colors, distinctive tastes and smells. Phytonutrients or “Phyto” refers to the Greek word for plant. These chemicals help protect plants from germs, fungi, bugs and other threats. These compounds also strengthen the immune systems of plants and protect them from diseases. Phytonutrients are not vitamins and minerals that the plant food contain, but are compounds that have cell signaling agents and messengers and have been found to have effects on inflammation, insulin sensitization, stress response, cancer cells and much more, which protect against disease. Some examples of are Phytonutrients are; Carotenoids, Ellagic acid, Flavonoids, Resveratrol, Glucosinolates and Phytoestrogens and these properties of phytonutrients are significant because of the major health benefits these functions provide when consumed by humans. All the colors of fruits and vegetables contain different phytonutrients with different functions. For example, green plants such as spinach, asparagus, and broccoli are found to have chemicals that work to support liver detoxification. On the other hand, orange and yellow plants, such as oranges, yellow peppers, and carrots contain chemicals that encourage intracellular communication which can help with vision and skin health. Chemical Compounds and their health benefits Dark leafy greens Chlorophyll, Carotenoids Cruciferous greens Sulforaphane, Glucosinolates, Indoles Found in: spinach, avocados, asparagus, artichokes, broccoli, alfalfa sprouts, kale, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, kiwi fruit, collard greens, green tea, green herbs (mint, rosemary, sage, thyme, and basil) Benefits: liver support & detoxification, DNA repair, anti-cancer, improves vision, cardiovascular health and weight management Purple and Blue Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Anthocyanins Found in: blueberries, blackberries, elderberries, Concord grapes, raisins, eggplant, plums, figs, prunes, lavender, purple cabbage Benefits: memory, learning, mood, reducing inflammation and cardiovascular support Reds Betalains, Lycopene, Anthocyanins Found in: strawberries, cranberries, raspberries, tomatoes, cherries, apples, beets, watermelon, red grapes, red peppers, red onions Benefits: slowing aging, cardiovascular support, anti-cancer, reducing inflammation, reducing allergies and immune modulation White and brown Allicin, Anthoxanthins, Flavonols Found in: onions, cauliflower, garlic, leeks, parsnips, daikon radish, mushrooms Benefits: immunity, digestive tract health, metabolism, cardiovascular support and cancer prevention Orange and yellow Carotenoids Found in: carrots, sweet potatoes, yellow peppers, oranges, bananas, pineapple, tangerines, mango, pumpkin, apricots, winter squash (butternut, acorn), peaches, cantaloupe, corn Benefits: preventing oxidative stress, supports reproductive health, improves vision, skin and digestion health (see link below for a more extensive food chart with phytochemical properties & benefits) The Benefits of Eating a Rainbow Diet Offset pollutant toxicity Improves immunity and resistance to infections Reduces cardiovascular risk and disease (#1 killer in the United States) Reduces abdominal fat (one of the most common complaints from my patients) Increases Telomerase activity (Longevity) Increases insulin sensitivity (reducing Diabetes risk) Promotes a favorable impact on psychological health Decreases physiological distress Increased happiness & life satisfaction The Homo Sapiens' diet over 135,000 years had over 3000 plant species compared to the modern-day diet of 400 plant species, of which only about 100 are utilized for food presently. The lack of this diversity has negatively impacted our microbiome and overall health and well-being as a result. Only 9% of Americans are meeting the suggested intake of vegetables and 12% of Americans are meeting the suggested intake of fruits on a daily basis. No wonder we are so sick and vulnerable to viruses and disease! The current recommendation is to take in a minimum of 2 ½ cups per day of vegetables and 2 cups fruit in various colors per day. How many fruit and vegetables do you take in per day? Have you ever considered the importance of incorporating a colorful plate of food to nourish your body properly? Each day when you are considering your daily intake of fruit & vegetables, here are a few more suggestions for optimal health and nourishment. Practice Mindful Eating Chew 30-40 times per bite to stimulate proper acids to break down your food Practice gratitude for the plants and nutrients you are receiving, as well as give gratitude for the soil, the water, the sunshine and the farmers who are working together to bring them to you Consciously consume what your body needs on a daily basis and make sure your plate is more than halfway full of fruits and vegetables Eat your veggies and fruit first and you will be surprised how sated you will feel and won't even have room for the "not so healthy foods" If you practice these tools with every meal, you will likely have a feeling of vibrancy, vitality and nourishment in all ways! To your health, vitality and longevity!

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Content Warning: this article contains discussion of extreme violence and human rights violations. The issues of crime and illegal immigration in the southern United States have been thrust to the forefront of American political debate since the election of Donald Trump as President. The President has argued that the best way to counter these problems is to construct a border wall between the United States and Mexico that would cover the whole border. Presently, only parts of the border have wall sections. Internationally, since the cold war ended, there has been a rise in the construction of national border walls. Israel has developed a wall to reduce terrorism; Egypt built a wall along the Gaza strip to prevent weapons from being smuggled, and Spain built a barrier to deter illegal immigration and smuggling from Morocco. While the rate of illegal crossings has reduced in these countries, the death rate has risen. A more tightly fortified border makes the trip more dangerous. Human smugglers are often needed to help people cross the border illegally. In Mexico, many of these smugglers are connected with drug cartels that incorporate human trafficking along drug routes. Erecting a stronger continuous border wall along the US-Mexico border may lead to an escalation in violence and greater human rights violations. The newer physical barrier might reduce cartel human trafficking and narcotics, but that will likely come at a cost. A more tightly controlled barrier will increase fragile tensions between top Mexican drug syndicates and the Mexican government. Currently, an uneasy alliance exists among the major rings in Mexico. According to a DEA report in 2018, Mexico is dominated by the Sinaloa Cartel, Juarez Cartel, Los Zetas, and a string of smaller cartels. Each control territory or ‘plazas’ that collect revenue for trafficking narcotics, weapons, and humans. Historically, when the distribution routes are threatened it results in war between drug syndicates. For example, in 2012, the newly elected Mexican government adopted a more militarised strategy targeting the cartels; it strangled their resources and revenue streams. The cartels responded with an increase in violence against the government, civilians, and other rings. Mexico saw its worst spike in forced disappearances, crime, and homicides. As the border wall is constructed, officials in the United States and Mexico can expect another spike in mob violence. Torture, forced disappearances, executions are common tactics as they suppress local populations and instil terror. The cartels possess sophisticated weaponry and maintain large paramilitaries that rival the Mexican army. Many of these acts of violence often involve the Mexican police or government officials. The cartels pay billions in bribes to judges, police, military, and politicians. Many of these individuals assist the syndicates through committing torture and forced disappearances, or by shielding the perpetrators from prosecution. Similarly, the Mexican government often acts with violence against the cartels. The government strategy to counter the cartels has focused on using the military. The Mexican military has been responsible for large numbers of illegal killings, torture, and disappearances. Building a border wall will decrease the smuggling routes across the U.S. border, prompting more violence as the syndicates attempt to keep these routes open and compete for control. What HRMI data on Mexico show Among the 19 countries on which HRMI collected civil and political rights data in 2019, Mexico ranked near the bottom on many of the rights we measured. Here are the most recent HRMI scores, showing the level of respect for various human rights in Mexico: Among countries in the Americas in the HRMI dataset, Mexico performed poorly, especially on physical integrity rights, or ‘safety from the state’, as shown in this graph: Torture and ill-treatment Torture is a common tactic of the cartels in Mexico, and this is reflected in Mexico’s HRMI score for freedom from torture of a very low 1.3 out of 10. Cartels are notorious for brutalising their enemies and rival cartel members in grotesque ways to strike fear into those that would oppose them. El Chapo, the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel cut the head off his rival with a chainsaw while he was alive. Another victim of cartel violence was dismembered, stuffed into steel drums, and had his face peeled off. Subsequently, it was attached to a soccer ball and left outside of a city hall. Moreover, accounts are widespread of government forces using torture on suspected cartel members to extract information and gain confessions. In 2018, a government inquiry was opened into 9,000 accounts of government torture. Arbitrary arrest and detention The extreme violence of the cartels often provokes mass and arbitrary arrests by the Mexican police. Mexico has a score of 2.1 out of 10 for freedom from arbitrary arrest. Many of the victims are innocent and have no ties to the syndicate. In 2016, police officers arbitrarily arrested a 14-year-old disabled boy; they handcuffed him, beat him, and forced him to confess. Moreover, the police sometimes work for the drug cartels. They will often detain individuals under orders from the cartels. In 2014, 43 students from Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers’ College were engaged in a protest in cartel-controlled territory. Local police officers under cartel orders intercepted the bus and turned the students over. They were subsequently murdered and their bodies burned. Forced disappearances are common in Mexico, whose HRMI score is 1.8 out of 10. The perpetrators can be the Mexican government or the drug cartels. Human Rights Watch reports that there are currently around 37,000 people who have disappeared in Mexico, many of them have been civilians, journalists, police, or government employees. In March 2018, three university students were kidnapped by the cartels for filming a home in a cartel-controlled area. Their bodies were dissolved in acid. In 2018, 19 Mexican police officers were arrested for aiding the Mexican cartels. These police officers are accused of kidnapping and murdering 15 civilians. The Mexican police and military have also been heavily implicated in forced disappearances. The majority of these cases involve government counter-cartel operations where civilians were suspected of working with syndicates. Police and military often grab people from the streets and they never return. When cartel violence is done with police involvement or tacit permission, it is included as a violation of human rights. Freedom from execution Mexico has a low score of 2.9 out of 10 for freedom from execution, a composite score which includes extrajudicial killings. Since 2018, homicides have hit a new high, at over 28,000, many related to the drug cartels. In the constant battle between Mexican police and drug rings; civilians are often gunned down by the police for being suspected drug traffickers. Journalists are especially vulnerable to summary executions by either the police or cartels. In 2018, Juan Carlos Huerta was executed as he drove away from his home. The Mexican journalist had been covering cases of corruption and drug violence before his murder. HRMI collects data on which kinds of people are at heightened risk of violations of each right. In the image below we show which people our expert survey respondents identified as being at particular risk. Below the word cloud of these results are some more specific details from respondents. HRMI data demonstrate that Mexico has a very poor record of civil and political rights abuses, and a wall on the southern border between Mexico and the United States is likely to inflame civil and political rights abuses. Conflict could increase between the rival drug cartels and the Mexican government as the supply of drugs, weapons, and human trafficking is reduced. Cartels respond aggressively and violently to defend the supply of their illegal revenues. Building a border wall successfully reduces overland cartel human trafficking and drug distribution routes, however, United States and Mexico must be prepared for the escalation in violence. Security forces, military detachments, and more resources will be necessary to contend with the spike in violence from the construction of a border wall.

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Improving oral health is a great resolution for the new year, as it contributes to overall well-being. Here are some New Year resolutions for better oral health: Regular Dental Checkups: Schedule and attend regular dental checkups and cleanings. This helps catch any issues early and prevents potential problems. Consistent Oral Hygiene Routine: Stick to a consistent oral hygiene routine, including brushing your teeth twice a day and flossing once a day. Use fluoride toothpaste to strengthen your teeth. Replace Your Toothbrush: It's time to change your toothbrush if the bristles are worn or if it's been more than 3 months since your last change. Floss Daily: Make flossing a daily habit. It helps remove plaque and food particles between teeth that your toothbrush might miss. Limit Sugary and Acidic Foods: Reduce your intake of sugary and acidic foods and beverages. These can contribute to tooth decay and enamel erosion. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Water helps rinse away bacteria and food particles, and it promotes saliva production, which is crucial for oral health. Quit Smoking: If you smoke, consider quitting. Smoking is a major risk factor for gum disease and oral cancer. Limit Alcohol Consumption: Limit alcohol consumption, as excessive alcohol can contribute to oral health problems, including gum disease and oral cancer. Protect Your Teeth: If you play contact sports or grind your teeth at night, consider using a mouthguard to protect your teeth from injury or damage. Chew Sugar-Free Gum: Chewing sugar-free gum can help stimulate saliva production, which helps neutralize acids and clean the mouth. Mindful Eating: Be mindful of what you eat and how it may impact your oral health. Incorporate a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and calcium. Remember, consistency is key when it comes to oral health. By adopting these resolutions and incorporating them into your daily routine, you can significantly improve and maintain good oral hygiene throughout the year.

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Similar Threads. Boxplot and Whisker chart in Excel.how to creat boxplot graph by Excel? percentile markers or boxplot on excel scatter graph. How do i create a horizontal boxplot in Excel 2007. A box and whisker plot excel 2010 template is a type of document that creates a copy of itself when you open it.When designing boxplot in excel 2010, you may add related information such as hoe boxplot maken in excel, how to make a box and whisker plot in excel 2013, box plot excel 2007 There is a way to create a boxplot using existing plot types, though, and this guide will show you how to do it.Hopefully, you found it easy to learn how to make a boxplot in Microsoft Excel 2007. show comments. Visit this page for details on creating a box plot chart tutorial shows microsoft charts do include boxplot/box type.Step by step instructions how to create Box Whisker Plot in Excel 2010 a ( box chart) lets distributed set data. I created a box plot in Excel that shows how many days it takes to do something by month. The months dont show in date order.Browse other questions tagged excel boxplot or ask your own question. Boxplots in Excel. up vote 0 down vote favorite.How to rotate text in axis category labels of Pivot Chart in Excel 2007? 4. Excel generate and format horizontal error bars. To create a sample BoxPlot/Box and Whisker chart, use the appropriate method for your version of Excel.For more information about creating charts, click Answer Wizard on the Help menu and type: how do I create a chart. Excel 5. 0. 3 [Dashboard] | How to Create a Dashboard in Excel 2007.One feature that was lacking however was an easy way to make box-and- whisker plots, so-called because their outliers resemble cat whiskers. A typical box and whiskers plot: Department of Biostatistics. Step 1: You should have a continuous outcome, plus one or more groups.Here is a small subset of the data so you can see what it should look like in EXCEL. This video demonstrates how to create a boxplot (box and whisker chart) using Microsoft Excel 2016. Boxplots are used to analyze the distribution of scores in variables.Box-and-Whiskers Plot with Negative Values in Excel 2007. How to Create a Box and Whisker Plot in Excel 2010.Excel 2013 - Boxplot. Representation by a simple example a five-number summary (the smallest value, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the largest value) as a box How to make interactive box plot in Excel. Construction of box plot is same as mentioned above.I love boxplots but I love them in R. It creates boxplot at just one single command.This blog is started in 2007 and today has 450 articles and tutorials on using excel, making better charts. For: Excel 2007 or later Excel for iPad/iPhone.The biggest problem with creating a box and whisker plot in Excel is how to show the outliers - the points that fall outside of the range depicted by the box and whiskers. How to Create an Excel Box and Whisker Chart (Excel Box Plot) - Продолжительность: 7:00 Contextures Inc. 177 337 просмотров.Wirtschaftsstatistik 2 - Excel 2007 Tutorial - Boxplot - Продолжительность: 6:23 Emanuel Ziegler 11 946 просмотров. Vlookup Formula in Excel 2007.Windows 10 Creators Update: How To Customize Precision Touchpad Settings? 05/03/2017. This guide will show you how easy it is to create a boxplot in Excel 2013. Boxplots allow you to visualize sets of data along with the statistical facts related to that data, such as median and percentile ranges. excel box and whisker diagrams box plots peltier tech blog. how to create a box plot box whisker chart in excel.how to draw boxplot in excel 2007 the math behind web analytics. How to Create a Box and Whisker Plot in Excel 2010 - Продолжительность: 12:27 Mr. Reive 325 117 просмотров.Drawing Boxplot in Excel 2007 or 2010 - Продолжительность: 12:42 Owusu Sarpong 33 573 просмотра. Introduction. A boxplot, or box and whisker diagram, provides a simple graphical summary of a set of data.In Excel 2007: Highlight the whole table, including figures and series labels, then select Insert from the main menu. A box plot (box and whisker chart) lets you show how numbers are distributed in a set of data. Excel doesnt have a built-in chart type for a box plot, but youFor the whiskers, create a positive error bar in the upper box, and a negative error bar in the hidden box, using the values that you calculated. Step by step instructions on how to create a Box and Whisker Plot in Excel 2010. Note: This method doesnt work if the min, max, or any of the quartile values are negative.Boxplots are used to analyze the distribution of scores in variables. Box and Whisker Plot Tutorial on Excel 2007.Cmo construir un diagrama de Caja (5 puntos) o BoxPlot con Excel.How to Create a Box Whisker Plot in Excel. Create a Simple Box Plot - Box and Whisker Chart - in Excel. Contextures Inc.Drawing Boxplot in Excel 2007 or 2010. Owusu Sarpong. How to Create a Box and Whisker Plot in Excel 2003.Excel does not have a tool to WATCH NOW. Basic statistics tutorial 21 Boxplots in Excel 2007. Create a Simple Box Plot - Box and Whisker Chart - in Excel.How to create an Excel Box and Whisker Chart - with Excel 2013. 24 September, 2016. Cmo construir un diagrama de Caja (5 puntos) o BoxPlot con Excel. EXCEL 2007 TIPS. Page 1. Box and Whiskers Plots. EXCEL does not have a built-in chart type to create box and whiskers plots. They can be created, however, by an interesting modification of an EXCEL stock chart, specifically the Open-High-Low-Close chart. "How To Draw a Simple Box Plot in Excel 2010 This video is also related to these following. Step by step instructions on how to create a Box and Whisker Plot in Excel 2010.Excel 2010 Five Number summary IQR outlier analysis and Boxplot by IQR method. This tutorial shows how to create box plots in Excel.In your Excel2007BoxPlotWorkbook.xlsx above, why is Whisker a sum of Max-Q3?Thank you for this great article! However I have a question : how can I create a boxplot in Excel that shows data Create a box plot. Applies To: Excel 2013 MoreColor the middle areas. Box plots are usually drawn in one fill color, with a slight outline border. The following steps describe how to finish the layout. box plots excel 2007.Boxplot with Excel 3/3. how to dealwith outliers - YouTube i.ytimg.com. Excel Boxplot - Create Box and Whisker Chart in Excel www.datasciencemadesimple.com. Is it possible to create a broken X axis in Excel 2007? 0. How to snap legend to grid in Microsoft Excel 2010 graph.Excel Pivot Table converting numbers to text in row labels. 1. MS Excel: Creating a box and whisker plot from organized data. 1. How to create a box and whisker graph in Excel 2013, using a stacked bar chart and error bars.How to create a pseudo-boxplot in Microsoft Excel 2007/2010. One of several video tutorials created for students in Carleton Creating a Boxplot in Excel 2016. This video demonstrates how to create a boxplot (box and whisker chart) using Microsoft Excel 2016. Boxplots are used to analyze the distribution of scores in variables. How to Create an Excel Box and Whisker Chart (Excel Box Plot). 33.6k. 24. Drawing Boxplot in Excel 2007 or 2010.Creating a box and whisker graph in Excel 2013. 174k. 463. How to Make Histogram on Excel 2007. create a box plot excel - how to create a box and whisker plot in excel 2010.create a box plot excel - construct a box plot on microsoft excel 2007.create a box plot excel - excel 2013 boxplot. I used to make excel 2003 to make the boxplot, but now I have the 2007 edition. I learned from my teacher that I need to use the "High-Low-lines" and the "Up/down-bars" to make the boxplot.How do you create a boxplot on excel? This video demonstrates how to create a boxplot (box and whisker chart) using Microsoft Excel 2016. Boxplots are used to analyze the distribution of scores in variables.Step by step instructions on how to create a Box and Whisker Plot in Excel A new version of this article and a FREE and enhanced Microsoft Excel 2007 example is available in my blog post at Cardinal Path: The math behind web analytics: box plot.How can they be used in web analytics? Boxplots are a quick visualization approach for examining one or more data sets. This video demonstrates how to create a boxplot (box and whisker chart) using Microsoft Excel 2016. Boxplots are used to analyze the distribution of scores in variables. Tutorial on how to generate box plots in Excel. Includes free downloadable software to create a box plot in Excel.Unfortunately, handling negative values in boxplots is a challenge using Excel VBA (which is theI am using 2007 version of Excel and Windows 8. the language of my Excel is English. 33 Responses to Making a Box and Whisker Plot in Excel. Rama Krishnan saysSo if you are updating an Excel report that you produced with Excel 2007 (or older), youllThanks for the tutorial, I was having lots of trouble trying to figure out how to do the box plot until I found this blog, so thanks!! Drawing Boxplot in Excel 2007 or 2010.How to Create an Excel Box and Whisker Chart (Excel Box Plot). A set of free User Defined Functions for Microsoft Excel to create Sparklines : the simple, intense, word-sized graphics invented by Edward Tufte implemented by Fabrice Rimlinger.Add-in files for Excel 2007 to 2013 - 32 bits.Release 3.2.3 for Excel 2003. How to use BoxPlot charts. Thursday, April 4, 2013. creating voilin plot / box plot in Excel, using REcel (with KMggplot2 plugins).You can produce boxplot instead, just change plot type (perhaps using different grouping structure)How to create histograms using Excel 2003 and 2007. Before you can create any boxplot, you have to create a small chart that contains the results from five statistical functions that you have to run on each set of data.How to Compare Cells in Excel. Around The Home. Productivity. immeria: Box plot and whisker plots in Excel 2007 — 2011-10-05 Update!Create a Simple Box Plot in Excel - Contextures Blog — A box plot (box and whisker chart) lets you show how numbers are distributed in a set of data. Excel does not natively do box plots. Jon Peltier provides directions to fake it.> Is it possible to make a boxplot in excel, I think I remember doing it > once a long time ago Beautiful Box Plots in Excel 2013 Nathan Brixius. Create a box plot Excel Office Support Office 365.Creating a Boxplot in Excel YouTube. This video demonstrates how to create a boxplot using Microsoft Excel. Boxplotsare used to [Download] Create A Simple Box Plot Box And Whisker Chart In Excel.Download How To Draw 2 Boxplots In One Chart Using Excel 2007 2010 Fo PC Wii U PS4 PS3 Xbox One Xbox 360 With Full List Command And Cheat Files if Needed AND DOWNLOAD THIS VIDEO. New to Excel? Looking for a tip? How about a tip so mind-blowingly useful as to qualify as a magic trick? Youre in luck. In this Excel tutorial from ExcelIsFun, the 124th installment in their series of digital spreadsheet magic tricks

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The leaf edges have small, sharp teeth. Xylella fastidiosa: Leafhoppers and spittle bugs carry the bacteria from tree to tree. Flower: Attractive but small, occur in hanging clusters, usually bright red but occasionally yellow, appear in early spring, usually before leaves. 432 416 93. Overall, this makes the sugar maple’s leaves broader and more rounded than the narrower, pointier leaves of the red. Norway maple. As an early-successional forest tree, however, it provides browse for moose and many other mammals. Although the wood can be used for veneer and a variety of small products such as boxes and clothespins, it is weaker and harder to work than sugar maple. The leaf blades are similar to Like other maples, the branches of Red Maples are opposite, meaning that the branches are directly across, or opposite, each from other. Boxelder or Acer negundo - The most common maple sp. Alternate leaves on stems grow in a staggered pattern and they look like each leaf … Reds Maple leaves are simpleSimple Leaf: A leaf with a single undivided blade, as opposed to a compound leaf, which is one that is divided to the midrib, with distinct, expanded portions called leaflets., meaning that … Other common names for this tree include broadleaf maple and Oregon maple. On the leaf, check that there are 3 large lobes and 2 smaller lobes off to the sides of the stem, with smooth U-shaped edges around the leaf. Identifying Sugar Maples by their Fruit Pick one of the small fruit. The maple tree tar spot is fairly easy to identify. Go Botany: Native Plant Trust The red maple’s lobes, meanwhile, are separated by serrated, V-shaped valleys. Acer rubrum This will often be red or at least have a reddish tint to it on the front side. County documented: documented Although it grows largest in and near swamps, it abounds in New England forests and is becoming more common as sugar maple begins to … Maple species, such as Acer rubrum, may be monoecious, dioecious or polygamodioecious.The flowers are regular, pentamerous, and borne in racemes, corymbs, or umbels.They have four or five sepals, four or five petals about 1 – 6 mm long (absent in some species), four to ten stamens about 6 – 10 mm long, and two pistils or a pistil with two styles. The red flowers grow in dense clusters beginning in March or April, before the leaves emerge. state. Your help is appreciated. It has the biggest leaves of any maple; the classic five-lobed, palm-shape leaves can be over 12 inches wide. 9Ã10. The leaves: deciduous, opposite, long-petioled, blades 6-10 cm long and usually about as wide, with 3 shallow short-pointed lobes, sometimes with two smaller lobes near the base, dull green and smooth above, lighter green or silvery beneath and more or less hairy. Although it grows largest in and near swamps, it abounds in New England forests and is becoming more common as sugar maple begins to succumb to climatic change. Click on the map as close as possible to your intended planting site. Exact status definitions can vary from state to Can you please help us? Almost as wide as long; Colour. Acer carolinianum Walt. The back side of red maple leaves are a very pale green or even white color. The red maple tree is affected by a variety of pests and diseases. 248 170 35. Red Maple leaves generally have three major lobes, sometimes with two additional smaller lobes near the base of the leaf. Disease, bugs, death. Leaves turn yellow in the fall. Alternate Leaves. Autumn Leaves Maple. They took a long time to slowly turn brown but many still remain although shriveled & brown. (zones 3-9) Consuming .03% of dry wilted leaves can cause toxicity to horses. Silver maple trees can grow to be between 70 and 100 feet tall. Bigleaf or Acer macrophyllum. is shown on the map. Another excellent method of identification is to examine the stem of the red maple leaf, also known as the stalk or petiole. Green stems turn red in winter, new leaves are red-tinged, turning to green. The leaves are up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long. Others have red leaves in spring and summer and these are perhaps the most popular. NH, Acer The red maple ranges from southeastern Manitoba around the Lake of the Woods on the border with Ontario and Minnesota, east to Newfoundland, south to Florida, and southwest to eastern Texas. However, Red Maple leaves are extremely toxic to horses and cattle. unintentionally); has become naturalized. These fruits … Look for fruit that are green, … Also covers those considered historical (not seen planted in urban areas: Acer rubrum. Red Maple. ; Show Silver Maple Tree Identification. It has become naturalized occasionally along roadsides and forest borders in warmer regions of New England. The furrowed silver bark and brick red branches add an interesting dimension to the landscape. Forest edges, forests, meadows and fields, shores of rivers or lakes, swamps, wetland margins (edges of wetlands), woodlands, Occurs in wetlands or non-wetlands. The fruits, which ripen in May or June, are winged pairs of seeds that are ½ to 1 inch long and red or greenish, turning tan at maturity. The leaves: deciduous, opposite, long-petioled, blades 6-10 cm long and usually about as wide, with 3 shallow short-pointed lobes, sometimes with two smaller lobes near the base, dull green and smooth above, lighter green or silvery beneath and more or less hairy. 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Over 10 years of experience writing novels, business-to-business newsletters and a narrow but distinct yellow halo thrive. Back side of red maple also yields a sugary syrup, but not to! Supported in part by the National Science Foundation reaches about 40 to 60,! Exact status definitions can vary in form, and red leaves in spring in --... Forest praise the red maple lies far to the south of Rhode Island in Great Smokey Mountains Park! Source for numerous mammals, birds, and fruits provide a food source for numerous mammals, birds, seeds! Sugar maple ’ and ‘ Soft maple ’ s breathtaking fall foliage makes it stand out from ordinary. Conical in shape brings over 10 years of experience writing novels, business-to-business newsletters a! Twig, bark, and red leaves in spring lobes are V-shaped whitish undersides most native! Evergreen-Deciduous forests, shorelines, successional fields in form, and it is probably a red maple a. 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Helium is in the s block, but its placed like a shampoo horn on top of the p block. That’s because the chemistry of helium is more like neon , argon , etc. — the noble gases. - Complete the following table to see how many of the names and symbols of the elements you remember. - Learn about three trends on the periodic table and discover why metals are excellent conductors of electricity. - Now we sort elements by their number of protons, or “atomic number,” which determines an atom’s configuration of oppositely charged electrons and hence its chemical properties. - I do not have my students memorize anything as I provide then with all formulas and constants as well as a periodic table with the names of the elements and a sheet with all of the polyatomic ions. - This is considered too complex for learners in Gr. I know that having my students memorize my short lists of elements and ions will not make those names and formulas stick in their long term memory. But, after using them through the rest of the year, the most commonly used seem to end up stuck for the long term . Aside from the few quizzes that I give students while working to memorize my short lists, I provide periodic tables along with a copy of the ions that I asked them to memorize. I have found that students do not rely on those resources as much after memorizing them. Examples Of Periodic Table In A Sentence Try to do this without referring to the Periodic Table. Now look at the modern version of the Periodic Table. Can you find the elements with these numbers? What is periodic table in simple words? The periodic table is a tabular array of the chemical elements organized by atomic number, from the element with the lowest atomic number, hydrogen, to the element with the highest atomic number, oganesson. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It tells us that the element is most likely a non-metal. The non-metals occur on the right hand side of the Periodic Table. How To Memorize The Periodic Table Along with my department colleagues, I provide students with a laminated periodic table that has common polyatomic ions, activity series, solubility chart, and electronegativity values on the back. The goal is that students will demonstrate proficiency with learned skills rather than learned facts, especially in our Chemistry 2 course. Colour all the blocks to the right of the semi-metals red. The scariest sentence in the world……“You need to know the periodic table for this class” — Jaylen Cooper (@mini_coop43) August 29, 2018 However, as indicated in point 1 above, we have included some information on the atom and subatomic particles here in Gr. 8 in CAPS, whereas it was felt that some information on the atom was crucial at this stage to understand atomic numbers. Therefore, some information on the atom has been included as an introduction. However, the approach here has been to look at the Periodic Table as a means of classifying the elements. Only later on when the model of the atom was further developed were scientists able to explain why elements are arranged as they are on the table. Dictionary Entries Near Periodic Table But as you get older, you quickly realize that repetition is dull and boring. The reason I have not required memorization is because of Bloom’s Taxonomy. Remembering something is the lowest level of learning in Bloom. I’m really interested to hear about the diverse types of courses everyone here teaches! I assumed that most schools have chemistry as a course for upperclassmen only and as a yearlong course. I can’t imagine the pace you would have to move at to do chem as a semester course! The following table contains some names of elements. You should place the chemical symbols in the right hand column of the table so that they match the names in the left hand column. We have learnt that the Periodic Table can be divided into regions where metals, non-metals and semi-metals can be found. This is useful information because the elements in different regions share similar properties. Their properties help us to decide what we can use them for. For example, metals are durable, malleable and shiny so they are suitable for making jewellery, pots and pans and motor car parts. The only thing that takes any real time in class is the quizzing. When I paper quizzes it would be about 5 minutes at the beginning of class once a week for the first semester. Now that I do the Sporcle quizzes I do it once a month for the first semester. If you are a scientist and you work with elements every day, writing out the names can become very tedious. To make writing about elements easier, scientists have given each element a short symbol. To make sure we do not become confused with different elements when we write about them, the symbol for each element must be unique, just like its name is. Each horizontal row in the table is a period. The first one is short and only has two elements, hydrogen and helium. In each period the left most element has 1 electron in its outer shell and the right most element has a full shell. As above, the chemical element name should have the first letter capitalized if it is used as the first word of a sentence. If it’s used in the middle of the sentence, then the chemical element should not be capitalized. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Hydrogen has 1 proton, and oganesson has 118. It is called “periodic” because elements are lined up in cycles or periods. From left to right elements are lined up in rows based on their atomic number . Some columns are skipped in order for elements with periodic table sentences the same number of valence electrons to line up on the same columns. When they are lined up this way, elements in the columns have similar properties. Students who demonstrate understanding can use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms. After writing the properties of the elements on cards, he began ordering them by increasing atomic weight, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry. This is when he noticed certain types of elements regularly appearing. After intensely working on this “puzzle” for three days, Mendeleev said that he had a dream in which all of the elements fell into place as required. When he woke up, he immediately wrote them down on a piece of paper — only in one place did a correction seem necessary, he later said. One example of a group is the noble or inert gases. Clever and colorful, this Periodic Motivational Phrases Mini Bulletin Board features inspiring phrases created out of the symbols of the elements on the periodic table. Sprinkle the pieces around the classroom for small bits of motivation or post all together on a bulletin board. Perfect for any learning space, especially learning environments for STEAM, STEM, science, and chemistry. A table in which the chemical elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Elements with similar properties are arranged in the same column , and elements with the same number of electron shells are arranged in the same row . In terms of electronic structure, which is what the blocks really relate to , helium definitely belongs with beryllium , magnesium , etc. I guess the periodic table is chemistry’s baby. I tell them that before I went back and got certification to teach, I worked as a chemist in a lab. If I forgot something, I had the skills to know where to look. Learn about three trends on the periodic table and discover why metals are excellent conductors of electricity. The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was born in 1834 and died in 1907. He taught chemistry at St. Petersburg University. In 1869, he proposed the periodic table on which the elements were arranged by their atomic weights. The current periodic table is no longer arranged by atomic weights; it is now arranged by the atomic number of the elements. Metal character is further subdivided into subcategories.

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From the past many years we are seeing the notices of the college , companies ,offices is usually displayed on the normal board having number of notices written on the same board .So we were thinking that if all these notices are displayed at the same place one by one except occupying the whole board area. So we come to the conclusion to design a Notice board such that it can fulfill the requirements such as less manual operation, same notice can be displayed at the various places at the same time, the notice (board display) should be visible from maximum area or distance, compact and compatible, easy handling. 1.2 What is Digital Notice Board System? It is a system having digital notice board. The notice can be displayed on the digital display in the rolling manner. The notice can be typed or edited on the PC. And then it will send the notice to every display connected to the system. Also we can receive the notice on Mobile phone through the GSM (wireless communication) Technology and display it on the digital display boards using the PC having the connectivity’s like Hyper terminal/AT commands/VB software. In this way we can save the work as required for a regular notice board. Fig.1.1 Plan view for college Digital Notice Board System 1.2.1 INPUTS DEFINED IN THE PROJECT Message received from mobile phone Message typed on the PC(computer) 1.2.2 OUTPUTS DEFINED IN THE PROJECT Block diagram of Digital Notice Board System. 2.2 Block Diagram Description: In our project we are going to demonstrate the Digital Notice Board system using rolling display .Also we are going the SMS/GSM technique The blocks shown in the diagram are described as below: 2.2.1 Dedicated mobile:- In our day today life we know most of the peoples used the mobile phones .The peoples used the phones to achieve or to get the different facilities .The mobile phone can provide the different facilities such as SMS,GPRS,MMS,VOICECALLS,DATA CALLS, GPRS, Entertainment flexibility in work. As shown in the block diagram we are sending the notice board through SMS. Since we are using SMS to transmit the Notice, distance not an issue because the SMS can be sent anywhere in the range. Some of these facilities are useful in our project so we are using the SMS that is GSM techniques to transfer data from distant places such as from one area to the another area of the same college. In our project we are using SMS technique to instant or quick transfer of data or notice to the required destination that is college or department. This above given use or function is provided by the dedicated mobile use in our digital notice board system. We are using the VB software in our PC for the user interface with the system. With the help of this VB software any user can easily make the use of the system. This VB software provides the notice typing and editing facility. Also we can copy the same content as received through mobile in the editing window and call it as a notice. Hence the PC/VB software provides the typing, editing and formatting options to the user. 2.2.3 RS 232: RS 232 is a serial communication cable used in the system. Here, the RS 232 provides the serial communication between the Zigbee module and the PC. So it is a media used to communicate between Zigbee and the PC. In our project the RS232 serves the function to transfer the edited notice (or data) from PC (VB software) to the Zigbee RF module, for the further operation of the system. 2.2.6 Microcontroller ARM 7: In our project we are feeding the program to the microcontroller to collect the data or notice transferred from PC through RS 232 and Xbee modules. After collecting or receiving the data it will save the received data into its on-chip memory. And then as given in the program the controller will send or display the notice on the alphanumeric display in the required fashion i.e. rolling fashion. In our project we are using the alphanumeric display. As the name “Alphanumeric display” suggests it is a type of display .But the difference between a normal display and the alphanumeric display is that it can display Alphabets as well as Numbers on it. So we don’t need the extra programming required to display the alphabets like in normal (LED Display). Also it is brighter than the normal LED display. Here we are using LED based Alphanumeric display of 1 inch size. The reason for selecting bthe display is that the visibility and clarity is pretty good from a long distance. Download your Full Reports for GSM Based Notice Board

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Pagan Studies – April ~ Growing Moon Also called: Hare Moon, Seed Moon or Planting Moon, Planter’s Moon, Budding Trees Moon, Estermonath (Eostre Month), Ostarmanoth, Pink Moon, Green Grass Moon. The name April comes from the Greek goddess Aphrodite, who is identified with the Roman Venus. Because the Christian holiday of Easter sometimes falls in this month, the Anglo-Saxons and Franks called a Easter Month; of course, the word Easter comes originally from the name of the pagan goddess Eostre, deity of Spring, and fertility, and new life. The Romans called this month Aprilis, a time of unfolding leaves and flowers. The Megalesia of Cybele, who was also known as Magna Mater (Great Mother) in both Phrygia and Rome, celebrated the arrival of this goddess in Rome. And to use 204 BCE, Rome was in the midst of a great war with Hannibal. Things were going very badly for the Roman legions. Finally, the Romans sent the delegation to the Delphi Oracle for an interpretation of their sacred Sibylline Books. This pass each said that foreign invaders can only be driven away when the Mother of Mount Ida was transferred from Pessinus to Rome. The Oracle sent the delegation to the king of Pergamum in Asia Minor, where they were told that a black meteorite embodying spirit of Cybele was. Pine trees from Mt Ida, sacred to the goddess, were made into a ship, and the stone was transported from one sanctuary to another until it reached Rome. In about a year, left Italy forever. The Japanese Flower Festival has now become a celebration of Buddha’s birth. In the older celebration, however, the people gathered wildflowers for the family shrine. Those in the Shinto faith placed wooden markers on the graves and said prayers. The Roman festival of Cerealia celebrated the return of Proserpina to the Earth goddess Ceres. Our word “serial” comes from the name Ceres. It was a time of Planting grain, Ceres was the Roman equivalent to the Greek goddess Anahit of Phoenicia, Canaan, and Ur was portrayed by carrying an ankh and wearing horns and a Moon disk. She was known by many other names, among them Anat, Qadesh, Anait, Anahita, and Anatu. The Egyptians called their land Khemennu, or Land of the Moon. Plutarch wrote that they believe the Moon to be the Mother of the Universe. Although the goddess Bast was primarily considered to be a deity of the gentle Sun, she was also connected with the Moon. The Floralia is still celebrated in many Central and Eastern European countries. It is a time to honor the goddess of flower’s. People dress in gaily decorated costumes and wear flowers in their hair. Secretly delivering baskets of flower’s on May Day is a remnant of this old festival. Although I did it as a child, I haven’t seen this custom for years. This is such a shame, as children love to make the little paper baskets, choose the flowers, and leave them on a doorstep. During this month was also the Incan Ayrihua or Camay Inca Raymi, the Festival of the Inca. Nature Spirits: plant faeries. Herbs: basil, chives, dragons blood, geranium, thistle. Colors: Crimson, red, gold. Flowers: daisy, sweetpea. Scents: pine, bay, bergamot, patchouli. Stones: ruby, garnet, sard. Trees: pine, bay, hazel. Animals: bear, wolf. Birds: hawk, magpie. Dieties: Kali, Hathor, Anahita, Ceres, Ishtar, Venus, Bast Power Flow: energy into creating and producing; return balance to the nerves. Change, self-confidence, self-reliance, take advantage of opportunities. Work on Temple and emotional flare ups and selfishness. Old Sayings & Lore Two New Moons in one month were said to predict a month’s bad weather. Any View Moon on Saturday and Sunday was said to predict rain and general bad luck. Good luck will come your way if you see the New Moon outside and over your right shoulder. You can also make a wish that will be granted. The best luck came from looking at the Moon straight on. A rain around the Moon means rain or snow. If you move to a new house or location during a waning Moon, it will ensure you never go hungry. In medieval and England, “Moon’s men” were thieves and highwaymen plied their trade by night. The current term “moonlighting” is similar, meaning to hold down an additional night job. In certain parts of England, the term “Moonrakers” eventually came to means simpleminded people. The factual story behind this, though, reveals some pretty fast thinking by local smugglers. The English excise men (a combination of border patrol, ATF, and IRS) were out at night, trying to catch the smugglers red-handed. Hearing the excise men coming, the smugglers sank their lose delay and pretended to be fishing for the Moon reflected in the water. When the excise men ask what they were doing, smugglers innocently replied they were raking for the Moon. The excise men went away shaking their heads over the stupidity of the local folk, while the smugglers fished up their goods and went on with their business. GrannyMoon’s Morning Feast Archives

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EFFECT OF LILY BULB SIZE ON FLOWERING or “Is Bigger Better?” (The Case for Bulb-zilla™ size grade) We have been repeatedly asked if big bulbs have bigger flowers. This is definitely NOT the case The real fact of the matter is that quantity of flowers is directly related to bulb size, in a very dramatic way. Commercial bulb sizes are 10/12, 12/14, 14/16 and so on, measured in centimeters circumference. The circumference is the measurement around the bulb. Bulbs often get as large as 30 cm around, but these are not often seen in commerce. Tpically these monsters are in home gardens, having been in place a number of years, steadily gaining in size. There are various reasons why big bulbs are not found in commerce: - They take too long to grow to this size to be profitable to grower. - They are very expensive to ship. - The commercial bulb industry caters to cut-flower growers who try to produce smaller, more easily utilized flower stems for florists. - Some new varieties are not plentiful enough in commerce to have large stores of big bulbs yet. - Commercial growers reserve big bulbs for propagation of new bulbs, because they yield bigger, more productive scales needed for greatest bulblet production. Do you suppose that a 20 cm bulb is twice as big as a 10 cm bulb? This is definitely NOT the case. Using geometric calculations for spherical objects, we list below the actual three-dimensional sizes of commercial sized bulbs , so you can more realistically compare size differences and relative flowering capability. |Circumference||Volume (directly related to weight and flowering capability)| |10 cm||16.83 cubic cm.| |12 cm||29.17 cubic cm.| |14 cm||46.43 cubic cm.| |16 cm||69.42 cubic cm.| |18 cm||98.97 cubic cm.| |20 cm||135.91 cubic cm.| |22 cm||179.50 cubic cm.| |24 cm||233.38 cubic cm.| |26 cm||297.08 cubic cm.| |28 cm||371.43 cubic cm.| |30 cm||457.25 cubic cm.| Thus it is concluded that a 20 cm bulb is over 8 times the size of a 10 cm bulb in practical terms. It is also 8 times heavier and produces 8 times as many flowers. This is a valuable thing for gardeners to grasp because we actually do WANT more flowers from our bulbs, unlike the florists. We want the most flowers for our money! Let’s suppose a 10 cm bulb costs $1.00 and a 20 cm bulb of the same variety costs $5.00. Which is the better buy? If you get 8 times more flowers and only have to pay 5 times more money, then you have a better value with the large bulb in this illustration. Our BULB-ZILLA™ grade bulbs, which are at least 24 cm in circumference would outperform the 10 cm bulbs by a factor of about 71 in theory, but would not cost 71 times more!. Shrewd consumers need to comprehend the actual value when making purchase decisions of this sort. Other “pros” and “cons” for starting with large bulbs. - No waiting for showy results - Less waiting for bulbs to divide. Many are already double or triple-nose bulbs at this stage (which throw multiple stems right off the bat) and will be fully separate bulbs in another year, each of which will continue to gain in size and divide again. You’ll be able to share with friends and neigbors in no time at all!. - Taller, stronger stems - Great entry material for floral competitions, state fairs, more blue ribbons for amateur exhibitors. - Excellent source of large fleshy scales needed for bulb propagation. By taking only the outer scales you have propagation material and can still plant the original bulb and obtain sizable stems. - Stems may be too big and too thick for cut flower arrangements. - Big bulbs of certain varieties show a tendency for leaf scorch when day and night temperatures fluctuate widely, during heat waves, and especially under greenhouse growing conditions. Other varieties are quite immune to leaf scorch. (NOTE: We avoid the susceptible varieties when offering our Bulb-zilla™ stock.) - If you have to pay weight-based shipping, it can be prohibitively costly to obtain large bulbs. (NOTE: Our Bulb-zilla™ stock is priced with added weight factored in already. So all you do is figure shipping based on simple dollar amounts, just like our regular stock.

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A major new study released by the International Energy Agency (IEA) has found that several key critical minerals will play a major role in the provision of a suite of new clean energy technologies required to replace the functionality of fossil fuels in meeting climate goals. The demand for minerals such as lithium, graphite, cobalt, nickel and rare earths will rise by nearly four times by the year 2040, with lithium dominating that growth in terms of magnitude. Electric vehicles and network augmentations (mainly copper) dominate the demand sources for critical minerals, with solar, wind and other low carbon generation only a fraction of total demand. This is due to the widespread and decentralised nature of transmission and private transport, compared to the relatively centralised nature of utility scale power generation. “Today’s supply and investment plans are geared to a world of more gradual, insufficient action on climate change (the STEPS trajectory). They are not ready to support accelerated energy transitions”, write the IEA. They highlight four key areas of concern: - High geographical concentration of production - Long project development lead times - Declining resource quality - Growing scrutiny of environmental and social performance - Higher exposure to climate risks Australia is one of the key countries for the production for lithium, comfortably holding the majority share of the product for extraction. China holds the lions share of processing for nearly all critical minerals for energy transition technologies: The report suggests rapidly diversifying supply sources and reducing demand for critical minerals. This can be through reducing the material intensity of clean energy technologies, such as improvements in solar cell efficiency reducing silicon usage by 40-50%, or through ramping up significant new recycling programs. The number of spent batteries could rise to more than 1,300 gigawatt hours by 2040, mostly from electric cars, and 12% of that volume could be recycled in that year. The IEA also recommend actions to reduce the emissions intensity of the production of various commodities, the highest of which is currently cobalt sulfate. Australia is noted in the report not only for its unique lithium reserves but its exposure to climate risk. “Mines in South America and Australia are exposed to high levels of climate and water stress”, relating to copper and lithium. Most of Australia’s produced lithium is exported to China for processing, and the Greenbushes site in Australia is due to expand production capacity by more than 2.5 times, report the IEA. “Today, the data shows a looming mismatch between the world’s strengthened climate ambitions and the availability of critical minerals that are essential to realising those ambitions,” said Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the IEA. “The challenges are not insurmountable, but governments must give clear signals about how they plan to turn their climate pledges into action. By acting now and acting together, they can significantly reduce the risks of price volatility and supply disruptions.” “Left unaddressed, these potential vulnerabilities could make global progress towards a clean energy future slower and more costly – and therefore hamper international efforts to tackle climate change,” Dr Birol said. “This is what energy security looks like in the 21st century, and the IEA is fully committed to helping governments ensure that these hazards don’t derail the global drive to accelerate energy transitions.”

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Chemistry for the Augmented Age We intend to bring forth the augmented age of education with spatial AR/VR based tools. Our overarching goal is to make the worlds physical, chemical, and quantum knowledge accessible and moldable for the next generation of Makers, Students, & Mad Scientists. Collaborative AR for the Classroom Early demo of what an augmented classroom will look like. The brain in this video is animated based on FMRI scans of a brain on cocaine. We chose this to highlight the growing addiction problems around the world and believe that our toolset will help equip educators and learners with the tools they need to understand those problems on a fundamental level and begin healing those afflicted. Contact us for info on how to bring AR lessons into your classroom. Active Experiential Learning In honor of Earth Day here's a short clip of multiplayer VR undersea educational battle lesson part of the Palchemist XR Chemistry environment coming soon. Dive into the ocean with your friends and defeat plankton with barley straw projectiles to restore oxygen to the underwater environment and save the underwater wildlife. special shoutout to Hue Anh Huynh, Isabell Abonitalla, Akshat Pokharna for their help with this as well as Teleportal for their help networking. The average student does not have access to lab equipment and their professor, teacher, parent in most cases does not have the ability to provide equipment like Petawatt lasers, the Large Hadron Collider, or even simple scanning electron microscopes in many cases. How are we supposed to tackle humanity's greatest problems, without enabling them with the tools they need That is why we are building Augmented & Virtual Reality based tools to elevate the classroom & distance learner experience. To enable as many learners as possible in this next wave of material scientists, chemical engineers, Biological-Designers, Quantum physicists, & many more disciplines with the tools & knowledge they need to reshape what's possible. Pick a topic that you want to explain Choose something you're a domain expert in or that was difficult for you or your students to understand and that you know could be explained better if you were learning/teaching it in an augmented environment. Publish Your Lesson Publish your lesson to our growing knowledge base of topics for exploration by learners from all over the world. Once published anyone can load up your lesson into their AR/VR environment and learn about the topic from the information & supplements that you have provided. Create a Lesson Add text, pictures, videos, & models to your lesson plan to augment the learners experience and better explain your topic. Craft detailed lessons with lots of supporting information to ensure the intended topic is understood. Diego is an ex MIT Bioinformatics PHD candidate whose research focuses on shape and correlated function at the quantum level.

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There is no denying that high heels and platform shoes are very popular . The history of high heels dates back many centuries and there are some fascinating facts about high heeled shoes and their origin. Foot wear has changed through the times and the first stiletto heels date back to about 1000 BC. Throughout history they took on various roles and besides having functional value they were an indicator of social stature and importance. High heels are defined as a shoe that has a heel positioned higher than the toe box. In the past high heels have been a symbol and defined the differences between social classes and the sexes. They have also served as a symbol of class as they made women’s movements appear more elegant by these elevated heels. Stiletto heels are particularly associated with sexuality and the image of the “femme fatale”. They are often considered to be a seductive item of clothing and have been featured in popular culture in this context. The slender stiletto heel staged a major comeback in the early 2000’s when young women adopted the style for dressing up office wear or adding a feminine touch to casual wear, like jeans. All high heeled shoes give the illusion of a longer, slimmer leg, a smaller foot and overall greater height. They alter the wearer’s posture and gait, flexing the calf muscles and making the bust and buttocks more prominent. it takes practice to create the illusion of a natural and balanced movement. Wearing Stiletto heels concentrates great pressure and a large amount of force into a small area. This pressure is greater than that of the feet of an elephant and can even cause damage to soft flooring, including carpets and vinyl coverings. The stiletto heel is also most impractical for outdoor wear on soft ground, such as grass, sand or mud.

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Then it continues its regular westward migration, and as Mercury gets closer to the Sun, the size of the solar disk shrinks until sunset, 88 Earth days after dawn. What a wonderful day! Then, for the next 88 Earth days, it is night for you. The planet's orbit is almost entirely within the Sun's gravitational pull, so one side is always dark. Mercury has only two seasons: summer and winter. Ice covers most of the planet for most of the year, but small areas near the equator thaw out when the sun warms them from below. The remaining ice protects these regions from the heat and pressure of sunlight that would otherwise destroy the surface. During summer, the sun is directly over Mercury's center of mass, so all points on the planet receive an equal amount of light. But because the planet lacks any significant atmosphere or magnetic field, most of this energy is reflected back into space. Only a small fraction reaches the surface. The average temperature of Mercury is -150 degrees Fahrenheit. All the water on the planet may be frozen, but there is still enough energy circulating through the planet that life could exist in the form of volcanoes and aquifers. The average distance between planets in the Solar System is about 12 million miles (19 million kilometers). On Mercury this comes to 63 miles (101 km), which is very close. The Earth revolves on its axis as it circles the Sun, and one full revolution takes around 24 hours. At any one moment, the sun illuminates one half of the Earth, causing it to experience daylight, while the other half experiences nightfall. As the Earth rotates, each location will go from day to night and back again. During a single day, the same region may experience several transitions from dark to light and back again. In addition to daily changes in illumination level, certain locations on Earth have seasons that result in permanent changes in climate. The two main factors responsible for these seasons are solar radiation received by Earth's surface and distance from the Sun. Solar radiation increases with altitude, so higher regions receive less heat from the Sun than lower regions. Regions far away from the Sun experience cold winters and hot summers; these are called "cold" and "hot" climates, respectively. Less distant parts of this orbit experience both extremes, but more often than not, locations that are close to the Sun are also warm temperatures all year round. Half of the world experiences daylight and nighttime. This is because over half of the Earth is covered in water, and most of the water is ocean. The ocean covers 3/4 of the Earth's surface, and so almost every point on the ocean has sunlight at some time during the year. Only a small part of the ocean is close enough to land that there's no sunlight during the whole year - the polar regions. Mercury completes five cycles around the sun in 440 days. It takes 87.5 years for mercury to make one full rotation around the sun. The average distance of Mercury from the Sun is 59 million km (37 million miles). At this distance, sunlight strikes the planet at a rate of 500 watts per square meter (5,778 watts per square foot). This is more than enough energy to evaporate water and cause other changes on Mercury's surface. However, because Mercury has no atmosphere or magnetic field, most of this radiation is directly absorbed by the surface instead of being reflected away like it is on Earth. As a result, much of the power is lost as heat, which accounts for why Mercury appears so cold at both poles. In addition, because there is no air to carry away heat, much of the surface temperature can reach hundreds of degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius). This may seem like a bad thing, but it provides evidence that the planet was once warmer inside its own mantle. Currently, the hottest place on Mercury is the polar cap, which can reach 900 degrees Fahrenheit (500 degrees Celsius).

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What is orchestral music7 min readReading Time: 5 minutes Orchestral music is a type of classical music that is typically written for a large orchestra. The term "orchestral" refers to the large number of instruments that are typically used in this type of music. These instruments can include strings, woodwinds, brass instruments, and percussion instruments. Orchestral music often features melodies that are played by the strings or woodwinds, and these melodies are often accompanied by harmonies played by the brass and percussion instruments. This type of music can be quite complex, and it often requires a lot of training and skill to play correctly. Orchestral music is typically heard in movies, television shows, and other types of multimedia productions. It can also be heard in live performances, typically by large orchestras that include a large number of musicians. Table of Contents What defines orchestral music? Orchestral music is a type of classical music that is typically written for a large ensemble of musicians, typically comprising strings, brass, woodwinds, and percussion. The term orchestral music typically refers to the music written for concert band and symphony orchestra. The term orchestral music is derived from the Greek word orchestes, which means "one who conducts." The conductor is the individual who leads the musicians in an orchestral performance. The conductor is responsible for ensuring that the musicians play together as a cohesive unit and that the performance is in accordance with the composer’s wishes. The string section is the largest section of the orchestra and typically consists of first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. The brass section is the next largest section and typically consists of horns, trumpets, trombones, and tubas. The woodwind section is the smallest section and typically consists of flutes, clarinets, oboes, and bassoons. The percussion section is the smallest section and typically consists of timpani, snare drums, bass drums, cymbals, and triangle. Orchestral music is written in a variety of different styles, which can be broadly classified into four categories: symphonic, concertante, opera, and ballet. Symphonic music is the most common type of orchestral music and is typically written for a large ensemble of musicians. Concertante music is written for a smaller ensemble of soloists and orchestra. Opera music is written for a large ensemble of musicians, including singers and a full orchestra. Ballet music is written for a small ensemble of musicians and is typically used to accompany ballet dance performances. Orchestral music is typically written in four main sections: the exposition, the development, the recapitulation, and the coda. The exposition is the first section of the piece and introduces the main themes. The development is the second section of the piece and is where the themes are developed and expanded upon. The recapitulation is the third section of the piece and is a re-telling of the exposition. The coda is the fourth and final section of the piece and is a conclusion to the piece. Orchestral music is typically performed by a large ensemble of musicians, including a conductor and a full orchestra. The orchestra typically consists of strings, brass, woodwinds, and percussion. The most common type of orchestral music is symphonic music, which is written for a large ensemble of musicians. What type of music is orchestra? Orchestra is a type of music that is typically characterized by the use of a large number of instruments. These instruments can be divided into two main categories: strings and brass. Orchestra music can be written for a wide variety of combinations of instruments, but the most common instrumentation is strings, brass, woodwinds, and percussion. The tone of orchestra music is often very dark and rich, and the sound can be quite powerful. This type of music is often used to convey a feeling of majesty or grandeur. Orchestra music can be used in a variety of settings, including movie soundtracks, ballets, and operas. What are characteristics of orchestral music? Orchestral music is a type of classical music that is typically written for a large ensemble of musicians, often comprising a string section, brass section, woodwinds section, and percussion section. The term "orchestral" can be used to describe any classical music that is written for an ensemble of instruments, but in general, orchestral music is characterized by its grand sound and majestic feel. Orchestral music is often used to convey powerful emotions and create a sense of drama and excitement. The different sections of the orchestra work together to create a rich and layered sound, and the music can be quite complex and challenging to play. In addition to the standard orchestral instruments, composers sometimes also use unusual instruments or unusual combinations of instruments to create a unique sound. One of the most distinguishing features of orchestral music is its use of large, majestic melodies. These melodies often have a wide range and are meant to be heard by a large audience. Orchestral music is often used to accompany movies, ballets, and other large-scale performances. If you’re interested in listening to some orchestral music, some good places to start are the works of composers like Beethoven, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. These composers wrote some of the most famous orchestral music ever written, and their compositions are a great example of the power and grandeur of orchestral music. What is the orchestral song? The orchestral song is a type of song that is often used in classical music. It is characterized by its lush sound, and its use of a large orchestra to create this sound. The orchestral song can be used to convey a wide range of emotions, and can be used to create a powerful effect in a piece of music. What are the four main forms of orchestral music? Orchestral music is a type of classical music that is composed for a large orchestra. The four main forms of orchestral music are the symphony, the concerto, the overture, and the suite. The symphony is the most popular form of orchestral music. It is a large work that is typically divided into four movements: the fast opening movement, the slow movement, the minuet or scherzo, and the fast finale. The most famous symphony is Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. The concerto is a large work for a solo instrument and orchestra. The most famous concertos are the violin concertos of Bach and Beethoven. The overture is a short, festive work that is typically used to open a symphony or opera. The suite is a collection of short pieces that are usually based on a theme. The most famous suite is Bach’s Suite for Orchestra No. 2. What is orchestral work called? Orchestral work is a type of classical music that is typically written for a large number of musicians. The term usually refers to compositions for orchestra, but may also be used for other large ensembles such as wind bands and big bands. Orchestral music is written in a variety of styles, from the Baroque period to the present day. Many famous pieces have been written for orchestra, including Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 and Tchaikovsky’s Symphony No. 6. Orchestral work is typically divided into four sections: the overture, the main body of the work, the interlude, and the finale. The overture is a short piece that introduces the main themes of the work, while the finale is a grand climax that brings the piece to a conclusion. The main body of the work is the longest and most important section, and it usually contains the most memorable melodies. Orchestral work is usually performed by an orchestra of anywhere from 50 to 100 musicians. The instruments used in an orchestra vary depending on the style of music, but typically include strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion. Orchestral work is a popular form of classical music that has been enjoyed by audiences for centuries. If you’re interested in learning more about this fascinating genre, be sure to check out some of the great orchestral works that are available online or in your local music store. What are the examples of orchestra? Orchestra is a large musical ensemble that typically contains strings, brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments. The term derives from the Greek word ὀρχήστρα (orchestra), which means "a place for dancing." The earliest orchestras were formed in the early seventeenth century, and they consisted of a large number of string and wind instruments. The first orchestral works were written for the royal courts of Europe, and they were performed by small ensembles of about thirty players. Over the years, the orchestra has grown in size and complexity, and it now typically contains more than one hundred players. The orchestra is used in a variety of musical styles, including classical, jazz, and popular music. It is also used in film and television scores, and it has become an important part of the soundtracks for animated and live-action films. Some of the most well-known orchestral works are Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony, Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker Suite, and John Williams’ Star Wars Suite.

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The small chapel in the back dates to 1230. It was in this chapel that the 11-year old John Baptist de La Salle received the clerical tonsure on March 11, 1662, and was ordained to minor orders in 1668. The chapel had been re-constructed into a show-piece by Le Tellier and De La Salle’s surroundings for his receiving minor orders were more magnificent than they had been for the kings crowned there. De La Salle was subjected to many a humiliation in this palace at the hands of Le Tellier, who could not understand the canon’s desire to divest himself of ecclesiastical advancement and revenues in favor of this new work of educating the poor. In this palace, De La Salle also received Le Tellier’s approval for the Sisters of the Child Jesus. Superior Role Reversal When for a short time (1686 or 1687) De La Salle succeeded in having Brother Henri l’Heureux made Superior over him, the Archbishop immediately let his displeasure be known, being called on the carpet, as it were, because he had agreed to have a Brother be the Superior of the Brothers. De La Salle obeyed the Archbishop and again took up direction of the young Institute himself. Standing in the garden of the Archbishop’s Palace (or on the Cours Anatole France, adjacent) one can look across at the neighboring Bibliotheque Carnegie (post-1918) and see inscribed on the frieze beside the names of famed French writers and philosophers, those of Colbert, Le Tellier, and De La Salle. De La Salle’s name is partly concealed but is to be found in the corner, near Le Tellier’s name (at the corner of the Rue Voltaire). This palace was rebuilt between 1687 and 1692 under the episcopacy of Charles Maurice Le Tellier, a brother of the minister Mr. Louvois in Louis XIV’s government. Thirty French kings resided in this palace during their long coronation ceremonies (the ornaments used are preserved here) as well as superb tapestries and reliquaries. The palace was severely damaged by bombs in World War I but is now completely restored. Palais du Tau Today At the Palais du Tau (Episcopal Palace of Reims) are some of the huge statues from the exterior of Reims Cathedral which have since been replaced. In the museum are pictures of Reims Cathedral when it was damaged in 1918. There are also some stone water spouts here which now contain lead from the roof that had melted. The roof of the chapel had to be replaced after 1918. In the room to the right just as you come out of the chapel are stored a number of items belonging to De La Salle, including his paten (a large plate) and the water jug/cruet (both engraved with the family arms) that he is thought to have used at his first Mass (and possibly his chalice, too). The tapestries that sometimes adorn the cathedral itself are on display in the Palace, as well as some coronation robes.

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People gathered at the Morro Bay State Park Museum of Natural History on Wednesday to celebrate the opening of a World War II history exhibition. The exhibit launch was from 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. The exhibition examines how the war impacted the Central Coast through exhibit panels, audio recordings, and displays. Topics the exhibit examines include soldiers who trained at Camp San Luis Obispo, the expulsion of residents of Japanese descent from their homes, and the “black outs”, which were caused by fear of a potential attack on the Central Coast. A portion of the exhibition will also highlight the 54th Regiment, an all-Black coast artillery regiment that was headquartered at Morro Bay State Park. "People are really excited to hear about some of these lesser-known underrepresented stories of World War II on the Central Coast, particularly the stories of Black soldiers of the 54th Regiment, who came here and lived for over a year on the Central Coast, and were based at Morro Bay State Park," said Amy Hart, a state historian for the San Luis Obispo Coast District of California State Parks. The event is part of “WWII Commemoration Week”, which is a week long series of events, presented by the History Center of San Luis Obispo County, that commemorates the impact of World War II on the Central Coast. The exhibit will be up through the summer, then it will be move to the Spooner Ranch House at Montaña de Oro State Park.

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The UN Says that Global Carbon Emissions are Growing, not Shrinking According to a major new report from the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) report, mankind is currently responsible for 49 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions a year, but it needs to reduce emissions to around 44Gt by the end of the decade if we are to stand a reasonable chance of avoiding temperature increases that go beyond the internationally agreed 2°C limit. To stay on the 2°C pathway, emissions would then need to drop to 37Gt by 2030, which is roughly equivalent to 1990 levels, and then fall again to 21Gt by 2050. However, UNEP says that based on current projections emissions are likely to reach 58Gt in eight years' time, leaving a gap of up to 14Gt; while even if countries meet their most ambitious stated emission targets. there will still be a gap of 8Gt. Despite the dire situation, UNEP executive director Achim Steiner told reporters it is still technically and economically feasible to bridge the emissions gap through improvements in current processes and technologies. "There is great alarm and concern about where we are in 2012, but it is not a reason to write off a 2°C target," he said. That last paragraph describing the remaining feasibility of reducing emissions and achieving the targets set seems to me to be added to give hope where hope does not exist. Perhaps it is possible, but probable? I think not! Governments approach to climate change and reducing carbon emissions in almost every country around the world has been laughable. A token effort to keep Greenpeace quiet. The problem is that politicians know that the public would rather have low energy bills than pay more to use energy that produces fewer carbon emissions. Thank you for registering with Oilprice.com You have successfully joined the forum. You can now create topics and converse with other members.

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A new study by a scientist at the University of Portsmouth who examined the facial muscles in cadavers, has revealed that the muscles which control our facial expressions are not common to everyone. The Risorius muscle, which experts believe controls our ability to create an expression of extreme fear, is found in only two thirds of the population. Dr Bridget Waller has published a study in the American Psychological Association Journal which describes the unique variation of musculature structure in the face. It is the first systematic study into the variations of muscles in the human face and how this relates to facial expression. It has important implications for our understanding of non-verbal communication. Dr Waller is from the Centre for the Study of Emotion in the Department of Psychology. She collaborated with anatomists at the University of Pittsburgh and Duquesne University in the USA. They found that all humans have a core set of five facial muscles which they believe control our ability to produce a set of standard expressions which convey anger, happiness, surprise, fear, sadness and disgust. But there are up to nineteen muscles which may be present in the face and many people do not possess all of them. Dr Waller said: “Everyone communicates using a set of common signals and so we would expect to find that the muscles do not vary among individuals. The results are surprising - in some individuals we found only 60 per cent of the available muscles.” She said that everyone is able to produce the same basic facial expressions and movements but we also have individual variations. “Some less common facial expressions may be unique to certain people,” she said. “The ability to produce subtly different variants of facial expressions may allow us to develop individual ‘signatures’ that are specific to certain individuals.” She said that there are significant implications for the importance of facial expression in society. “Facial expression serves an essential function in society and may be a form of social bonding,” Dr Waller said. “It allows us to synchronise our behaviour and understand each other better.” Dr Waller has completed studies which examined facial expressions in apes. She said that primates who live within social groups have a more elaborate communication repertoire including more complex facial expressions. “There is a theory that language evolved to help us bond us together in social groups and we may be able to apply the same theory to facial expressions,” she said. The face is the only part of the human anatomy which has been found to display such a massive variation in muscle structure. In the only other example of muscular differences, the forearm has a muscle which approximately fifteen per cent of the population don’t have. Dr Anne Burrows from Duquesne University was one of the anatomists on the study. She said: “The problems with quantifying facial musculature is that they're not like other muscles. They're fairly flat, difficult to separate from surrounding connective tissue and they all attach to one another. They are very unlike muscles of the limbs, for example. “The variation we see in the face is absolutely unique,” said Dr Waller. Dr Waller said that actors need not worry because people will compensate for a lack of one muscle by using another to develop a similar expression. And people can learn to develop a facial expression by practising in front of a mirror. “As humans we are able to change the level of control we have over our facial expressions,” said Dr Waller. “There is a great deal of asymmetry in the face and the left side is generally more expressive than the right. But someone who is unable to raise one eyebrow without raising the other could in fact learn to raise just one.” The implication for those actors who have had botox speaks for itself. Lisa Egan | alfa Win-win strategies for climate and food security 02.10.2017 | International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) The personality factor: How to foster the sharing of research data 06.09.2017 | ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft Salmonellae are dangerous pathogens that enter the body via contaminated food and can cause severe infections. But these bacteria are also known to target... University of Maryland researchers contribute to historic detection of gravitational waves and light created by event On August 17, 2017, at 12:41:04 UTC, scientists made the first direct observation of a merger between two neutron stars--the dense, collapsed cores that remain... Seven new papers describe the first-ever detection of light from a gravitational wave source. The event, caused by two neutron stars colliding and merging together, was dubbed GW170817 because it sent ripples through space-time that reached Earth on 2017 August 17. Around the world, hundreds of excited astronomers mobilized quickly and were able to observe the event using numerous telescopes, providing a wealth of new data. Previous detections of gravitational waves have all involved the merger of two black holes, a feat that won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics earlier this month.... Material defects in end products can quickly result in failures in many areas of industry, and have a massive impact on the safe use of their products. This is why, in the field of quality assurance, intelligent, nondestructive sensor systems play a key role. They allow testing components and parts in a rapid and cost-efficient manner without destroying the actual product or changing its surface. Experts from the Fraunhofer IZFP in Saarbrücken will be presenting two exhibits at the Blechexpo in Stuttgart from 7–10 November 2017 that allow fast, reliable, and automated characterization of materials and detection of defects (Hall 5, Booth 5306). When quality testing uses time-consuming destructive test methods, it can result in enormous costs due to damaging or destroying the products. And given that... Using a new cooling technique MPQ scientists succeed at observing collisions in a dense beam of cold and slow dipolar molecules. How do chemical reactions proceed at extremely low temperatures? The answer requires the investigation of molecular samples that are cold, dense, and slow at... 23.10.2017 | Event News 17.10.2017 | Event News 10.10.2017 | Event News 24.10.2017 | Physics and Astronomy 24.10.2017 | Physics and Astronomy 24.10.2017 | Life Sciences

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It was originally used by Modernists to describe those who were loyal to the … Magisterium during the time of Pope Pius X. Economic integration can be considered as one form of globalizatio … n. Several institutions have been set up to ensure the effective functioning of the European Union. But as with anything else, there are also downsides. Especially strong integration -- like the European Union -- can lead to the loss of unique minority cultures within a region. This is often the first small step towards the creation of a commercial block. Common Market A common market, also called the single market, is a step prior to the establishment of full economic integration. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace 7th ed. Countries within the union may offer lower prices or may be too expensive, making trade difficult or less lucrative. Furthermore, this may facilitate the realisation of the optimum allocation of resources, and thus, lead to an increase in efficiency in production. The most obvious benefit is by market share or market power. According to Hill, regional economic integration are agreements among countries in a geographic region to reduce, and ultimately remove tariff and non-tariff barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and factors of productions between each other Hill, 2009. The Task You are to organise yourselves into groups, with five experts in each group. Common social and cultural activities have already greatly contributed to breaking down the language barrier. Participants can coordinate economic activity- at least in theory- as to promote gains for the zone abroad. As a manager, much of the mood within the organization is in your hands. First, regional is an important building block in deterring violent conflicts between nations. It is not to be confused with lateral integration, which sees the merger of two companies that sell related products or services but are not in direct competition with each other. For instance, a member country stops trading with a nonmember country manufacturing goods at a cheaper price and opts for a member country manufacturing the same goods at a higher cost. Furthermore, details regarding ownership structures, options for raising capital, taxation, and the impact… 2806 Words 12 Pages 6 Regional Business Environment Depth of Integration Economic integration. There are numerous benefits to undergoing a horizontal integration. Opposition also came in Mexico from some who feared that the U. Limited Fiscal Capabilities Some regional integration agreements that involve the creation of a common currency -- most notably the European Union's -- lead to fiscal crises. In 1994, the United States, Canada, and Mexico, reached an agreement that promised to remove all barriers to the free flow of goods and services between the countries and instituted a phasing out of tariffs and other fees to encourage free trade InvestorWords, 2009. We are very familiar with the different forms of energy, namely kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, electrical energy, heat energy, sound energy, and even nuclear energy. Big mergers like these are the reason why laws in place. For example, if a company had previously located its factory in a nation outside the region with low production costs, but then decided to move its factory to a country inside the region with higher production costs due to the tariff and regulatory advantages, this could result in increased profits for the company but more expensive products for the consumer. China on the other hand has been accepting new economic approaches after a fresh start, the Chinese Cultural Revolution. For example, if one country traditionally engaged in trade with a particular country, their trade may be forced to stop if new laws are established which prevent countries from trading with others that do not belong to the economic union. It makes a nation's government less intervene in market economy. Another disadvantage with integration is variables get missed and vital information is left out. Interest rates and common taxes are included here, as well as similar benefits for all member countries. When a more powerful entity controls that currency, such as the euro, individual countries give up the power to control their currency, and this weakens their economy. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of regional integration. Thereare many factors that lead to the speedy globalization trends. Common interests and common institutions reduce the potential for conflict, conflict that formerly could lead to war. On many levels, for example, we consider the European Union as an independent, singular entity even though, of course, it consists of politically independent and sovereign units. They intervene in trades for two main reasons: the first one is economic whereas the second one is political. Most regional integrations tend to increase barriers against all nonmember countries, resulting in the creation of trading blocs. I will also describe the advantages and disadvantages of regional integration within both articles and relate the stage of economic development of the economically integrated region to potential business opportunities. Crucial for its success was the German willingness to acknowledge the crimes committed against the Polish people and the unequivocal acceptance of responsibility for the suffering caused during the Second World War. In 2009 China became the second-largest economy in the world, just behind the United States. The good points of integration include the major economic growth. Nontraditional gains from regional integration such as, insurance, bargaining power and security shall also be highlighted as advantages and disadvantages. Objectives simplify note taking and cue the students to emphasize major points. Intergration Regional integration is a process that sees an agreement, or series of agreements signed by at least two countries who agree to cooperate in policies like trade and social policies. I assume you are referring to some form of political-economic union here, such as the European Union model? One of the demerits of regional economic integration is that it encourages a shift in workforce. Economic problems might affect participants unequally, such that some states will be net recipients of some form of aid while others will be net lenders of aid. Most economic experts cite that regional integration allows disadvantaged countries to realize economies of scale, compete on a broader often global platform and increase overall economic efficiency. Economic theory shows free trade on a global basis as the first best outcome, in as much as it allows specialization and exchange to take place globally, thus leading to larger world output and welfare. These presidents symbolize the United States ideals: Washington standing for independence; Jefferson for democracy; Lincoln for equality; and, Roosevelt for the role in world affairs. Thirdly, education and cultural exchanges have the potential to enhance regional for the benefit of all members.

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- Web sites External Web sites Britannica Web sites Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. - lymph - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) In humans and many other animals, lymph is pale fluid that bathes body tissues, removes bacteria, and returns proteins and fluids to the blood. Important components of lymph are the white blood cells known as lymphocytes and macrophages. These primary cells of the immune system play a key role in defending the body against invasion by foreign microorganisms. Lymph travels from the tissues to the bloodstream by way of lymphatic vessels. On the way, it is filtered through the lymphatic organs-the spleen and thymus-and lymph nodes, periodic knotlike enlargements in lymph vessels. Pressure within the walls of lymph vessels is lower than that in blood vessels, and lymph flows more slowly than blood. The cell walls of lymph vessels are more permeable than those of the capillary walls of blood vessels. Thus, proteins and other products that are too big to reenter the blood capillaries enter the lymphatic vessels for return to the bloodstream. In mammals, including humans, lymph enters the bloodstream at the subclavian vein (near the neck and right shoulder) by way of the thoracic duct.

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Typically completed by 5-11 year olds, CREST Star and SuperStar challenges relate to everyday experiences. Children complete eight activities to gain a CREST Award, with each activity taking between 45 minutes and one hour to complete. The activities are designed to be easy-to-run and low-cost. You don’t need to be a teacher, have a science background or have access to specialist equipment to run them. The packs contain helpful hints and tips for you to use, explaining the scientific themes and offering guidance on conversation topics for your children. There are more CREST approved resources that have been developed by our partners and providers specific to your region. To browse the packs, click the buttons below or scroll down. Getting started Where will you look for bumblebees? How long will you spend looking? Start a survey to see what you can find. Test your ideas Could you make a tally chart or pictogram to record what you see? Pollinator Tally e.g. wasp Share your ideas Make a plan or a guide to show how to make the area more bumblebee-friendly. Extra things to do Look at the bumblebee-friendly plants. Which do you have already and which could you add to your area? Set up a camera to observe bumblebee activity. Find out more about why bumblebees are so important. British Science Association Registered Charity No. 212479 and SC039236 12 Bumblebee Mystery Bee friendly plants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 Collections of one hour challenges recommended for children aged 5-7 years that relate to children’s everyday experiences. Find out more about this level and how to gain a CREST Award on the CREST Star page. Collections of one hour challenges recommended for children aged 7-11 years that realate to broader situations that children are likely to have come across. Find out more about this level and how to gain a CREST Award on the CREST SuperStar page. British Science Association Wellcome Wolfson Building, 165 Queen's Gate © 2018 British Science Association

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Paired Texts > The Elephant and the Crocodile We've identified these texts as great options for text pairings based on similar themes, literary devices, topic, or writing style. Supplement your lesson with one or more of these options and challenge students to compare and contrast the texts. To assign a paired text, click on the text to go to its page and click the "Assign Text" button there. In this classic fable by Aesop, the ancient Greek storyteller, a tiny mouse proves to a powerful lion that she is greater than she seems.Pair “The Lion and the Mouse” with “The Elephant and the Crocodile” and ask students to compare the themes of the two fables. How do the animals in the two stories help each other? Why does the Lion originally think so little of the Mouse? How does the Mouse prove himself to the Lion? How do the Elephant and Crocodile prove themselves to each other? In "The Sparrow's Quest," Elizabeth Laird retells the story of a sparrow that searches for the most powerful thing on earth.Pair “The Sparrow’s Quest” with “The Elephant and the Crocodile” and ask students to discuss the attempts of the characters in each fable to find out who, or what, is the most powerful. How do the characters go about answering this question? What do they find out about themselves by the end of the two fables? In the informational text "Flopping Frogs," Pamela Brunskill explains why the tailed frog belly flops.Pair “The Elephant and the Crocodile” with “Flopping Frogs” and have students think about how animals’ differences help them survive. What does the Lion teach the animals in “The Elephant and the Crocodile”? Is it better for a frog to hop, like many frogs do, or belly-flop, like the tailed frog? How does being different help animals survive? In "The Dentist and the Crocodile," a dentist gets a surprise from a strange patient.Pair “The Elephant and the Crocodile” with “The Dentist and the Crocodile” and have students compare the skills of the crocodiles in both texts. How are the crocodile in “The Elephant and the Crocodile” and the crocodile in “The Dentist and the Crocodile” both “wise and clever”? How do you think the dentist would feel if an elephant was his patient, instead of the crocodile? As a creative extension, write a poem in a similar style to “The Dentist and the Crocodile” that uses an elephant as the patient instead of a crocodile. In "From Sap to Syrup," Laura Sassi describes how Native Americans learned to make syrup by observing red squirrels.Pair “The Elephant and the Crocodile” with “From Sap to Syrup” and ask students to discuss how both texts show that all animals have useful qualities and strengths. What useful qualities do the elephant and the crocodile have in “The Elephant and the Crocodile”? What useful qualities do the squirrels have in “From Sap to Syrup”? Using what you learned about red squirrels from “From Sap to Syrup,” how would a red squirrel have gotten the steel helmet to the lion? Would a red squirrel work well with the elephant and the crocodile from “The Elephant and the Crocodile”? Why or why not?

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As Halloween approaches, student focus becomes more difficult. Our kiddos start thinking about costumes, party and candy. Who can compete with that? So instead of competing, grab their focus and engagement with Halloween math activities that your students will love. Keeping students engaged and working on important math skills doesn’t have to be difficult during Halloween or any holiday. Just join in the holiday fun. While just adding some holiday fun is often enough to make students excited and engaged to learn, as teachers we need more. We need to know that our time with our students is moving them towards the ultimate goal of mastering skills and concepts. These skills based math activities will have your students practicing and reviewing important skills while having fun! Halloween Logic Activity Logic puzzles are a fantastic way to get students working on math thinking skills without the activity feeling like a math assignment. In fact, these puzzles feel more like a game and less like work! However, the skills practice that students get with logic puzzles is amazing. Logic puzzles exercise parts of our brain that don’t often get used. However, these are important brain skills that will benefit our students in school and in life. For example, our students learn to look at facts as a whole picture instead of as stand alone pieces of information. By putting facts together we are able to see the “big picture”. While on a logic puzzle this might be something silly like Halloween costumes, in real life this skill might help our students solve problems in the workplace. Logic puzzles also help our students develop a more advanced way of thinking. Students are required to use higher level thinking skills, and think systematically to apply the clues. Basic Operations with a Twist I don’t think there is any way to get too much practice with basic operations, especially in multiplication and division. As students advance to higher levels of math, they will continue to use basic operations. Having the ability to do these operations quickly and effectively will only help them. But plain worksheets filled with problems or copying problems for the text book is just … boring! And when our students do something over and over that they deem as boring they begin to develop negative thoughts and attitudes towards it. I don’t want my students to hate math or even think it is boring. I want them to be engaged in developing their skills and if that means making it fun, then sign me up! For example, this division activity has students matching problems with answers. But, there’s no way to do it without actually doing the math. So students get the important math practice while feeling like they are “getting away” with something. But truth be told, they are still doing the same work they would have done. By making the assignment a little different and holiday themed we can increase their engagement and learning. One thing that students seem to hate is when they have to “show your work” on math problems. I don’t know why this is always met with groans, but it is. One day I told my students they did not have to show their work as long as they got all the answers right. But if they missed any, then they would have to redo the problem and show their work. You would have thought I gave them a million dollars! But the result was nothing short of amazing. The students slowed down, meticulously worked and double checked their work just so they could turn their assignment in without “showing their work.” Activities like the division page or this multiplication page are great activities for this approach. A Seasonal Review Sometimes it can be difficult to build in time to review previously taught concepts of skills. But we know that keeping concepts and skills fresh helps our students to reach a level of mastery. Many times our students need repeated exposure to concepts before gaining confidence. Unfortunately, our scope and sequence doesn’t always allow for that. But by including seasonal skills based activities in our centers, as morning work, or even homework, we can create important review. This Halloween math activity focuses on finding factors. While this might be considered a grade level skill for a 3rd or 4th grade classroom, it would be a great review activity for 5th graders. Not only would it review the skill but also the important vocabulary that our students need to know. This resource is also different than your typical finding factors activity where students write out all the factors for a given number. Here they are required to use their knowledge but apply it in a different way. This slight change in approach makes the activity “fun” in the eyes of the students. But we can rest knowing that they are getting the skills practice and review that they need. Another Halloween math activity that could be used in this way is this adding money activity. Here students take a list of items, find the associated price tag and add them up to determine the total amount spent. This activity gets students working with money, adding and multiplying numbers with decimals, and adding 2 or more numbers. Some, if not all the skills will be familiar to students. But combining them in this way keeps the activity challenging, even if it is a review. Halloween Math Activities I have high standards when it comes to creating my lessons and activities. First and foremost, it must help my students in the learning process and mastering the standards. But a very close second is the desire to make fun and engaging activities. This ranks so high because I have seen over and over again that there is a direct correlation between learning and engagement. The Halloween math activities in this pack meet both of these important requirements. Your students will love these 6 Halloween math activities and you will love knowing that they are getting the skills practice they need. All of these no prep activities are perfect to use for a whole class assignment, in math centers, as morning work or homework. These are also a fun way to engage students in small group re-teaching, tutoring or intervention on skills and concepts they are struggling with. Looking for More Halloween Activities? - Halloween Reading Activities for Upper Elementary Classrooms - Halloween Project Based Learning - Reading Comprehension Passages and Questions – October Close Reading Bundle Pin this to your favorite classroom Pinterest board so that you can come back when you need skills based math activities that your students will love! Download the FREE teaching printables today! Download over $30 worth of free teaching printables when you sign up for the Appletastic Learning newsletter!

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This Problem Solving lesson plan also includes: - Join to access all included materials Students listen to a story about a cat and dog fighting all the time. They must develop and explain a machine that stops the cat and dog from fighting. Then they have a discussion about machines and inventions. 3 Views 0 Downloads Tricky Word Problems, Part 2 - Choosing the Operation Can your learners figure out which equation to solve? Use this resource to challenge your third graders with word problems involving the four operations. Each problem has a section to write the answer, but pupils will need to write out... 2nd - 3rd Math CCSS: Designed Problem and Solution: By Jove, I Think You've Got It Through grand conversation, help scholars identify issues that harm the Earth and find solutions on how to solve them. After voting—on what your class deems the most important problem—stretch writing muscles with a problem-solution essay... 1st - 3rd English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable Word Problems of Equal Share and Equal Groups Explore this engaging approach to division problem solving with young scholars. They construct story problems after drawing 3 cards that give them a type of object, how many they have of that object, and the number of groups the object... 3rd - 4th English Language Arts Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning In this problem solving worksheet, students use logical reasoning to solve each of 4 problems. The word problems pertain to the position of people in line, theater seating and identification of who plays what instrument in a talent show. 4th - 5th English Language Arts Word Problems: Addition and Subtraction Here is a worthwhile presentation on addition and subtraction word problems. After some slides which give tips on problem-solving strategies, learners are given a host of word problems to tackle on their own. They are given instant... 2nd - 3rd English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable

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Skip to Main Content Sudoku-also known as number place-is a logic-based placement puzzle. The aim of the puzzle is to enter a numerical digit from 1 through 9 in each cell of a 9 X 9 grid made up of 3 X 3 sub-grids (called "regions"), starting with various digits given in some cells (the "givens"); each row, column, and region must contain only one instance of each numeral. Completing the puzzle requires patience and logical ability. Although the puzzle was first published in a US puzzle magazine in 1979, it initially caught on in Japan in 1986 and attained international popularity in 2005. Sudoku is known to be NP-complete, so if you feel very confident about doing 9x9 problems, then you can move up to 25x25 or 36x36 and start suffering all over again. All the supposedly "different" solution strategies seem to reduce to different ways of handling the data for backtracking-called "what if in Sudoku lore.

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Long before the written word, ancient civilizations relied on oral traditions to pass down their histories, values, and cultural legacies. At the heart of these traditions are epic poems, monumental narratives that have woven their way into the fabric of human culture. These epic poems stand as testaments to the power of storytelling, capturing the essence of societies, shaping worldviews, and connecting generations across time. The Origin of Oral Traditions Oral traditions are the oldest form of storytelling, predating the invention of writing systems. In societies where the written word was not prevalent, stories, myths, legends, and histories were preserved and transmitted through the spoken word. Elders and skilled storytellers played a crucial role in passing down knowledge, often through a combination of mnemonic devices, rhythm, rhyme, and repetition. The Essence of Epic Poems Epic poems are a remarkable manifestation of oral traditions, capturing vast narratives in poetic and rhythmic forms. These poems delve into the origins of civilizations, heroic deeds, and grand adventures. Often centred around legendary figures, gods, or historical events, epic poems serve as cultural repositories, encapsulating the essence of the societies from which they emerge. Examples of Iconic Epic Poems - The Epic of Gilgamesh: One of the earliest known epic poems, the Epic of Gilgamesh, originates from ancient Mesopotamia. This tale follows the adventures of Gilgamesh, a king, and Enkidu, a wild man, exploring themes of mortality, friendship, and the search for immortality. - The Iliad and The Odyssey: Attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer, these two epic poems are cornerstones of Western literature. The Iliad chronicles the Trojan War, while The Odyssey follows the journey of Odysseus as he seeks to return home after the war. - The Ramayana and The Mahabharata: These ancient Indian epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, are deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and philosophy. The Ramayana follows the heroic exploits of Rama, while the Mahabharata is an intricate narrative that weaves together legends, teachings, and philosophical discussions. - Beowulf: An Old English epic poem, Beowulf, showcases the eponymous hero’s battles against monstrous creatures and his quest for honour and glory. It offers insights into the Anglo-Saxon culture and values. Preserving Cultural Identity Epic poems are repositories of cultural identity, embodying the core beliefs, values, and histories of their societies. Through these narratives, communities found a way to define themselves, passing down traditions, moral lessons, and collective memories from one generation to the next. The rhythmic and mnemonic qualities of epic poems aided in their preservation, ensuring that important knowledge remained intact. Transition to the Written Word With the advent of writing systems, many oral traditions were transcribed onto scrolls, tablets, and manuscripts. This transition from oral to written forms allowed for greater preservation and dissemination of these stories. However, this transition also altered the dynamic of storytelling, moving from a participatory, communal experience to an individual, private one. Ancient oral traditions and epic poems are more than just stories; they are windows into the past, mirrors reflecting the soul of humanity’s journey. These narratives remind us of our shared heritage, our collective imagination, and the power of words to transcend time. As we explore the depths of these ancient oral traditions, we gain a deeper appreciation for the resilience of storytelling and its ability to shape cultures, connect generations, and perpetuate the rich tapestry of human existence.

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GOND ART with Pinal Wednesday, January 16th Fox Library Community Room Gond Art is the practice of wall and floor paintings in honor of religious celebrations as well as portrayal of customs is a tradition among all tribes of India. Central to most visuals are natural and organic forms that are inspired from the surroundings.In this workshop we will Illustrate a favorite story using the Gond art form and create a short picture book or poster in the Gond style . This workshop is open to 6 through 10 year old children. Online registration is requiredhttp://gondart.eventbrite.com Got a question? Something on your mind? Talk to your community, directly. Just a short thought to get the word out quickly about anything in your neighborhood. Share something with your neighbors.What's on your mind?What's on your mind?Make an announcement, speak your mind, or sell somethingPost something

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|Title:||A Sense of Belonging: Supporting Healthy Child Development in Aboriginal Families| |Author(s):||Best Start Resource Centre||Year:||2011| This manual was developed to improve service delivery to Aboriginal families in Ontario. It shares important information about what Aboriginal people feel they need to support their families in raising happy, healthy children. While this manual will be most helpful to non-Aboriginal service providers, it may also be useful in the orientation of new Aboriginal service providers. All people benefit from a sense of belonging, to their families, culture and communities. It is especially important in the case of parents caring for young children. Parents need to feel supported by family, friends, the community and by service providers. Aboriginal people, through a long history of assimilation and discrimination, may not have this sense of belonging. This may impact their health and sense of worth, and may result in feelings of despair and hopelessness. There are many things that service providers can do to foster a sense of belonging in Aboriginal families with young children, connecting parents to the information and supports that they need in a respectful and caring manner, and acknowledging their strengths. |Reference (Biomedical Style):| |Best Start Resource Centre. A Sense of Belonging: Supporting Healthy Child Development in Aboriginal Families. Toronto. 2011.|

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South Africa has taken a significant step towards a sustainable and low-carbon future by publishing its 8th National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report (NIR). This detailed report provides an inventory of annual greenhouse gas emissions from 2000 to 2020, including sources of emissions and removals by sinks, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, perfluorocarbons, and hydrofluorocarbons. Transparency and MRV System South Africa is one of the few countries that publish its GHG inventory for public comment and subjects the report to a UNFCCC-style review process to enhance transparency in compiling its GHG emission estimates. The country’s monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) system is supported by a well-established emissions reporting program called the South African Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting System (SAGERS), which includes a corporate governance process to ensure that crucial state data custodians share relevant data and information for inclusion in the report. The GHG inventory shows that South Africa’s net emissions decreased marginally between 2000-2020 by about 0.8 percent, declining from 446 million tonnes in 2000 to 442 million tonnes in 2020. However, between 2017 and 2020, net GHG emissions decreased by 5.9 percent, primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The most significant sources of greenhouse emissions in South Africa are power generation, transport, industrial fuel use, fugitive emissions from the processing of fuels, livestock, and waste management. Despite the declining emissions profile between 2017 and 2020, preliminary assessments using data from the SAGERS system for 2021 show that some emission sources have increased compared to 2020. This implies that from 2021 onwards, the most carbon-intensive assets will likely return to pre-COVID emission rates, in line with international trends observed from developed countries’ GHG emission inventory submissions for 2021 filed with the UNFCCC in April 2023. Net-Zero Carbon Economy South Africa aims to achieve a Net-Zero carbon economy and society by 2050. To achieve this long-term objective, it will have to increase its carbon sinks, such as afforestation, reforestation, reversing land degradation, and grassland management. The NIR also highlights the role carbon sinks play in lowering the country’s net greenhouse gas emission profile. This 8th GHG Inventory provides essential data for tracking the implementation of South Africa’s NDC and supports the country’s domestic and international reporting obligations. The report’s full format, including public comment and independent verification, demonstrates South Africa’s commitment to transparency and accountability in its MRV system. It is a significant step towards achieving the country’s sustainable and low-carbon future.

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The lungs are one of the most important organs in the human body. Without them, life would be almost impossible to live, yet because they are vital for survival they can easily become damaged or diseased by environmental factors. Fortunately, by adopting some healthy practices, you may improve the health of your lungs and ensure that they continue to function properly well into your senior years. Your body has a built-in defensive mechanism designed to keep dirt and bacteria out of the lungs. Here are some critical steps to lower your chance of developing lung disease. Keep Your Lungs Healthy And Safe Nobody can doubt the critical nature of the lungs. The respiratory system, which comprises our lungs, airways, and the muscles and blood vessels that connect them transports oxygen throughout our body and enables us to breathe. As a result, when something goes wrong with our respiratory systems, it affects the entire body. Fortunately, there is plenty we can do to maintain the health of this critical organ system: Don’t Smoke Or Stop smoking You are indeed aware that smoking raises your risk of developing lung cancer. However, this is not the only condition that it can induce. Indeed, smoking is associated with most lung disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, commonly referred to as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and asthma. Additionally, it exacerbates the severity of specific ailments. For example, smokers are more likely to die of COPD than nonsmokers. Each time you smoke a cigarette, thousands of chemicals, including nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar, are inhaled into your lungs. These poisons cause lung injury. They promote mucus production, irritate and inflame tissues, and make it more difficult for your lungs to self-clean. As a result, your airways gradually narrow, making breathing increasingly difficult. Reportedly, many people have had success in quitting smoking by using vapes with a small amount of nicotine (to help them with cravings and other withdrawal symptoms). There is a variety of products you can choose from, and it’s best to check them on the home page of such a vape distributor. Additionally, smoking accelerates the aging of the lungs. Eventually, the chemicals can transform normal lung cells into malignant ones. No matter your age or length of smoking, stopping can benefit. As a result, your lung function begins to improve within a few months. Within a year, your chance of developing coronary heart disease is cut in half compared to that of a smoker. Usually, it takes multiple efforts to quit. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth the effort. According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality report, combining counseling and medicine may be the most effective strategy for success. Your Hands Need To Be Cleaned Hand cleaning (not just rinsing!) and exercising good hygiene, in general, are highly beneficial to your lungs, particularly during flu season. This will assist in preventing germs, viruses, and bacteria that can cause significant damage to your lungs – such as those that cause colds, the flu, and pneumonia – from entering your body and causing illness. Remember to clean your cell phone and telephone earphones to ensure that hazardous bacteria do not enter your respiratory system. Eat A Healthy Diet A balanced diet is beneficial for the lungs just as much as it is for the rest of your body. Indeed, deficiency of essential nutrients has been associated with various lung illnesses. Consuming foods enriched in vitamins A, C, and E and potassium, zinc, selenium, and magnesium all contribute to maintaining optimal respiratory health. Additionally, you can visit the BuzzRx.com prescription coupon card to take advantage of their discounts on supplements dedicated for our lung’s health. Drink Plenty Of Water You’ve undoubtedly heard it before: staying hydrated is critical for good health. However, the importance of maintaining proper hydration for lung health cannot be overstated: drinking water helps thin the mucus secretions that naturally build up in your lungs daily, allowing you to breathe more easily. To maintain proper hydration, you can install a drinking water dispenser in your home to make sure that you have access to safe and clean drinking water. Exercise is beneficial to your lungs as well! Exercise boosts circulation and develops our muscles, which are essential for healthy lungs to perform their functions properly. Because of this, exercising can help them become more efficient. Adding Greens To Your Home And not just any greenery, but actual plants. Our living spaces receive more oxygen and better air quality when we incorporate plants into the design. This is due to the plant’s inherent ability to eliminate toxins from the air. This is especially critical during the winter months when we spend most of our time indoors due to the inclement weather outside the house. Healthy habits should be included in each day’s activities: regular exercise, quitting smoking, washing your hands properly, eating nutritious foods, and drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated, which is beneficial to the lungs. By devoting a small amount of your time and energy to these activities, you may help ensure that your lungs continue to function at their peak for the rest of your life.

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At NSTA (in beautiful San Antonio, Texas), this past week, I shared activities designed to explore three levels of representation AND provide formative assessment techniques to reveal student misconceptions. All of the activities shared have been featured in the Journal of Chemical Education or have been linked to research articles in JCE as supporting information. Formative assessment can be tricky business. It is relatively easy to create formative assessments and collect loads of data, but you will learn pretty quickly that you need to consider how and WHEN to analyze the data. Time is a precious commodity. The activities that are linked below have teacher guides that contain strategies that will help to assess and pick out misconceptions “on the fly”, so the analysis piece does not become overwhelming. The Next Generation Science Standards encourage us to help students to develop a deep conceptual understanding of molecular models, their merits, deficiencies and differences, and be able to use those models to effectively communicate chemical processes. I encourage you to devote time to help students develop the ability to create and draw models, so that they can communicate their understanding of chemistry. The World In A Box, Change You Can Believe In and The Only Thing Constant Is Change Labs are all intended to do just that. You can find them at theTarget Inquiry Web site that I have mentioned in previous blogs at ChemEdX. I expect that you will find that less time is required per concept for the remainder of the year AND your students will develop a deep understanding of every concept. You can continue to use modeling throughout any level of chemistry course once you have taught your students these skills. I shared the Trendsetter, Energizer, and My Acid Can Beat Up Your Acid Labs from the Target Inquiry site. Check out all of the labs provided there. To use modeling as formative assessment, you need to continuously move around, interact with students and listen for conversations and statements that yield misconceptions that need to be corrected. Try not to tell students the correct answer during activities. Instead, try to coach and lead them to correct understanding. I encourage you to read Evidence for the Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based, Particulate-Level Instruction on Conceptions of the Particulate Nature of Matter. Bridle and Yesierski discuss research supporting the use of activities that relate the three levels of conceptual understanding, including the symbolic, particulate and macroscopic levels of chemistry. Bridle, Chad A and Yezierski, Ellen J, Evidence for the Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based, Particulate-Level Instruction on Conceptions of the Particulate Nature of Matter, Journal of Chemical Education, 2012, 89 (2), pp 192-198. Check out the Classroom Activities at the Journal of Chemical Education. There are many that allow students to practice modeling. They are available with a subscripton to the Journal of Chemical Education. (Or, if you have an ACS membership, your membership allows for 25 free downloads from ACS journals.) A few activities are available as free samples. I shared just a few of them at NSTA: Putti, Alice, JCE Classroom Activity #109: My Acid Can Beat Up Your Acid!, Journal of Chemical Education, 2011, 88 (9), pp 1278–1280. Ortiz Nieves, Edgardo l, Barreto, Reizelie, and Medina, Zuleika, Classroom Activity #111: Redox Reactions in Three Representations Journal of Chemical Education, 2012, 89 (5), pp 643–645 SOME ADDITIONAL NOTES FROM – AP Chemistry Activities for Conceptual Understanding Friday, April 12, 2013, 5-6 pm NSTA- Grand Hyatt San Antonio, Crockett A - Assess Early and Often - Assessments FOR learning not OF learning - Supports learning during the learning process - Provides feedback to students on their learning - Helps teachers build a path between what students know and need to learn Keeley, P.; Eberle F.; Farrin, L.; Uncovering students ideas on science. National Science Teachers Association. 2005. - Helps students focus on the learning (not on grades) - Reality check for students – What do I really know? - Offers teachers immediate feedback on student understanding I hope you will consider attending CHEMED at Waterloo University in Ontario, Canada, July 28 – August 1, 2013. See uwaterloo.ca/chemed2013/ for more information. Look for me at the Ice Cream Social and say “HI”!

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The team, all based at the Riken-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, found the brain simultaneously creates two separate memories of the same events — one for the here-and-now, and one for future reminiscence. The memory stays lodged within easy mental reach for a period before vanishing, while the latter remains dormant and inaccessible until something subsequently triggers it. The discovery upends popular conceptions of the path memories take in the brain, which hitherto assumed short-term memories were first stored in the hippocampus, before being dispatched to the cortex for enduring repository. Stem Cell Development Triggers Memory: Researchers at the RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics have disc… http://t.co/9W9uCvb5— Neuro Now (@NeuroNow) February 25, 2012 While the study's test subjects were mere mice, the group believes the results of their study are directly transposable to humans. They, in effect, watched specific memories form in the mice as a cluster of connected brain cells in reaction to a shock event — namely, being given a mild electric shock when they entered a particular chamber in a maze. Then, light was beamed into the mice's brains to manage the activity of individual neurons, with the team literally being able to switch memories on or off. A similar technique was previously employed by Yale University scientists to induce emotional and physical behaviors in mice, such as hunting. The team found that while parallel memories of the shock event formed in both the hippocampus and cortex, the mice did not access the cortex's long-term memory in the days after the event — to the point they forgot the shock entirely when scientists turned off their short-term memory. However, the mice still retained the memory, which the scientists could manually trigger by switching their long-term memory on. Moreover, the cortex was found to depend on inputs from the amygdala, the emotional center of the brain, to cement long-term memories. When the team blocked neuronal inputs from the amygdala, cortex memories failed to coagulate. A human brain's neurons may not be as easy to blast with light as a mouse's, but it is nonetheless possible to switch particular regions of the brain on or off by implanting fine electrodes via a technique known as deep brain stimulation, already used to treat Parkinson's disease and other afflictions. The study complements other recent research into memory. A July 2016 Brown University study found associations can be implanted in the brain, making an individual "see" colors when looking at a black and white image, with no awareness of the process.

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If you’re searching for some orthodox Scandinavian saints, you’ve come to the right place. This article will provide you with information on some of the most famous Scandinavian saints. These include St. Michael Nevsky and St. Thorlak, as well as Amphilocus and Cosmas. Thorlak, an Icelandic saint, was called to be the bishop of Iceland in 1173. He studied theology in France and adopted the monastic rule of St. Augustine. He founded a monastery in Iceland and lived a life of prayer and penance. He also advocated for clerical reform and continued the reforms instituted by Pope Gregory VII. He was born in 1133 in Iceland and was the son of poor farmers. His parents noted that their son had a special talent and sent him to a local priest. At the age of fifteen, he was already a deacon. He then went on to become a priest. St. Michael Nevsky Michael Nevsky was born in Tver in 1272. His mother was a nun. Growing up, he was convinced that he would end his life as a monk or a martyr. He later succeeded his brother as Prince of Tver and later became the Grand Prince of Vladimir during the Mongol conquest. The story of St. Michael Nevsky is a wonderful one. He was born to pious parents and was trained in the ways of the Christian faith. He began by living as a hermit in a cave near Antioch. While the asceticism was challenging, he found himself in a state of ecstasy for four days. Cosmas and Damian were twin brothers who embraced Christianity and practiced medicine without charging a fee. These brothers were known as the’silverless’ and attracted many to Christianity. However, their lives were short and they died as martyrs under the reign of Emperor Diocletian. Damian and Cosmas were among the first Christians to suffer persecution under the Diocletian emperor. They were arrested by Lysias, the prefect of Cilicia. Lysias ordered them to renounce their faith but they refused, and they were beheaded. The two Christians perished as martyrs for their faith in Jesus Christ. The Scandinavian Church venerates Saint Basil as a patron of the poor. He preached social responsibility and helped the poor and the underprivileged. His visionary new town was filled with innovative institutions, including a hospital and leper clinic, as well as residences for travelers and the poor. The town also had small manufacturing workshops and teaching trades. The town was designed with the needs of the poor and sacramental life at its center. His encomium was written by Gregory of Nyssa, who proposed that Basil’s exceptional life merited a formal recognition. In fact, he argued that Basil’s virtues and life were comparable to those of martyrs and prophets. The story of St. Lazarus’ resurrection from the dead is a popular one in orthodox Scandinavia. This Scandinavian saint, who lived in the third century, was a follower of Christ and died in the same cave. He is considered to be one of the most important saints of the Church. His miracles were well-known and his devotion to his brethren was legendary. The original Ordre de Saint Lazare was a Chivalric Military and Hospitaller order with its origins in Outremer. It later took on a more military role, and protected the Outremer from the Islamic threat. This order later included female members, and it survived until the Reformation.

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Vapor diffusion crystallography methods harness the power of evaporation to remove water from a protein solution, raising the protein’s concentration to a supersaturated state where there’s not enough water to go around, so the protein molecules bind to each other instead (hopefully as crystals and not just clumps of “precipitate”). To power the evaporation, we seal our a drop of our protein above a “reservoir” of a more concentrated solution. The solution is more concentrated in terms of precipitants (the chemicals that lower the protein’s solubility to promote crystallization) but less “concentrated” in terms of water molecules (because there’s more “other stuff”) and it’s the water that’s going to do the moving because it’s volatile (evaporates easily) whereas the other stuff’s usually non-volatile, so it’s stuck. Molecules want to be free – they try to escape the liquid state, where they’re “chained” by bonds to other molecules, to be a gas (where they can move around as they wish) but, below the boiling point, only molecules close to the surface have a chance to break free. But we perform vapor diffusion in sealed wells -> if a molecule breaks free, it’s still trapped in the well. It tries get as “free” as it can by moving away from the drop’s surface, where there’s lots of other waters -> it travels towards the reservoir, where the concentration of water molecules is lower. But when it gets there, it gets “pulled in” by the reservoir and condenses back to a liquid. Initially, we have a net movement of water from the drop to the reservoir, but eventually, the amounts of water in the air above the drop (whose presence we measure as vapor pressure) are the same as the amounts of water above the reservoir, so there’s no “benefit” to moving towards the reservoir – molecules continue to leave the drop (and the reservoir) but other molecules are entering at the same rate and we say that we’ve reached a vapor pressure equilibrium. Note that the vapor-pressure equilibrium is different from the dissolved/undissolved equilibrium, which is referring to whether our protein’s dissolved. We can understand this movement of water in terms of Raoult’s Law, which tells us that adding solute to a solution decreases the evaporation and thus the vapor pressure. It’s a colligative property, so the more solute – any solute – , the lower the vapor pressure. This is because the solute - takes up some of the valuable real estate near the surface, where molecules have a chance of escaping from & - increases the entropy (randomness) of the solution so there’s less benefit to becoming a gas ↑ solute leads to ↓ evaporation and ↓ vapor pressure more on Raoult’s law here: blog: https://bit.ly/raoultslaw The consequence the extent of evaporation from the drop depends on the difference in solvent concentration between the drop & reservoir (more specifically the difference in their vapor pressures). And Raoult’s law shows the direct connection between the amount of solute dissolved (and correspondingly the decrease in the solvent fraction). The bigger the difference between the drop & the reservoir, the more dramatic the effect (although many things deviate from the ideal assumptions of the law so beware things might not behave quite like you predict). So we have water moving from the drop to the reservoir. It really is like a drop in the bucket – Because there’s so much more liquid in the reservoir, the drop can’t change it much, so the final composition of the mother liquor is basically the same as the initial composition of the reservoir. And we can call this movement of water in its gas form “vapor diffusion.” Diffusion is when molecules move from where there’s more of something to where there’s less (more here) to even things out. It’s easiest to picture if you think of putting a drop of food coloring in water and watching the dye spread out. In vapor diffusion crystallization, water molecules are going from the drop containing our protein to the reservoir – and because these 2 solutions are separated, the water molecules move as gas (water vapor). It can get confusing because precipitant concentrations are higher in the reservoir. But it’s not the precipitants that are moving (typically) – it’s the water. And from the water’s perspective, it’s less “concentrated” when there’s less other molecules around. Another thing that can be confusing – what about the protein concentration? There’s none in the reservoir but a lot in the drop! The protein isn’t volatile so it can’t move, and what the water’s trying to “even out” isn’t really the concentrations of the different molecules, instead it’s equilibrating an indirect measure, vapor pressure. Basically, at an air-water interface there will be some water molecules going into and out of the drop. And instead of moving from where there are more molecules to where there are less molecules, they’re moving from where there’s higher vapor pressure to where there’s lower vapor pressure. And the vapor pressure is going to be higher where there’s a lower concentration of solute (e.g. precipitant). for example, say you have a 10mg/mL protein sample & a crystallization cocktail with 1.0M precipitant). If you mix 1uL of each in your drop, you dilute both of them so your drop solution starts at 5mg/mL protein & 0.5M precipitant. Your reservoir is pure cocktail, so it’s a 1.0M precipitant (and no protein) Concentration’s the number of molecules in a specific volume, so when you decrease the volume, you increase the concentration (even though you’re not changing the number of molecules). Because the drop & the reservoir are separated from each other, the only way they can transfer molecules is through the vapor phase (they have to evaporate from the drop (go from liquid to gas), diffuse down to the reservoir, and condense (go back to liquid) The only molecules that can do this are those that are volatile – in our drops, this usually is just the water – so it’s the water that’s moving. But because it’s leaving, the volume of the drop’s decreasing, so the concentrations of protein & precipitant increase. And hopefully you get crystals! So that’s the theory – how does it work in practice? There are 2 main methods that differ by where the drop is. If the drop is on the “roof” of the well (held there by surface tension) we call it hanging drop and if the drop is sitting in a depression on a ledge or pedestal (like a dunk tank except it never dunks) we call it sitting drop. The theory behind the 2 is very similar, but they can give you different results, and there are both practical and scientific reasons to choose one over the other (and the protein’s the final judge so you might want to try both!) From a technical/practical standpoint: - Sitting drops are easier for robots to set up – with hanging drops the robot dispense the drops onto the seal that we then flip over by hand and seal above the well – and if you don’t line it up just right the robotic imager’s not very good at finding them… - Sitting drops are more “stable” in terms of not falling if you accidentally bump the plate - BUT hanging drops are easier to harvest from (fish the crystals out of). From a scientific standpoint: - they have different equilibration kinetics (how fast things happen). - With hanging drops, the drop’s surface area is larger, so evaporation is quicker, so equilibration is quicker (think of an egg yolk sitting in a cup versus on a plate – the cup “blocks” part of it from air contact and prevents it from spreading out) This is especially important if your sample contains surfactants – surfactants (SURFace ACTing ageNTS) include soaps & detergents, and they lower the surface tension of water – surface tension is a measure of the intermolecular forces “gluing together” the surface of a liquid – it’s why our drops stay spherical even if they’re “upside down” http://bit.ly/surfacetensionbubbles Water has a high surface tension because water molecules have an uneven charge distribution that makes them “sticky.” Surfactants get between the water molecules linked together at the surface, lowering the surface tension, so the drop spreads out – as it spreads out, more water molecules are at the surface and able to escape -> vapor pressure equilibrium is reached more quickly You might think this is a good thing – less wait time, right? BUT if the protein concentration rises too quickly, you can get lots of crystal “births” whose seeds quickly deplete resources so none of them can grow very big. and/or you can get “defective” crystals because the growth happens too quickly and there’s not enough time for “quality control” So sitting drop might be a better choice if your solution contains surfactants Either method can be done in a variety of different drop sizes and plate sizes (e.g. 24-well (good for getting big crystals) or 96-well format (good for screening)). more on crystallization: https://bit.ly/crystallizingproteins more on crystallography here: http://bit.ly/xraycrystallography2

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A Whole Lot of Shakin' Goin' On! This A Whole Lot of Shakin' Goin' On! lesson plan also includes: - Join to access all included materials Students review characteristics of an earthquake. They explore information about earthquakes to determine the effects of an earthquake. They compare the earthquakes of 1906 and 1989. 32 Views 73 Downloads A Mock Town Meeting on a Proposed Tank Farm Intended as a follow up to the Protecting Your Drinking Water activity, young environmentalists use their assessment of the a hypothetical town's water supply to debate the installation of underground chemical storage tanks. With the... 9th - 12th Science CCSS: Adaptable A Tale of Two Teeth: A Hands-On Discussion About Climate Change Sink your teeth into an engaging lesson on climate change! Science sleuths examine the prehistoric central Florida ecosystem through fossil analysis and a Socratic discussion. The easy-to-follow teacher's plan provides detailed... 5th - 8th Science What's Hidden Among the Tallest Trees on Earth? Hidden hundreds of feet above the ground in the redwoods of Northern California is a whole world that was just waiting to be discovered. This video tells the story of Stephen Sillett who, inspired by his grandmother, set out to explore... 5 mins 6th - 12th Science CCSS: Adaptable Earthquakes: A Whole Lot of Quakin' Goin" On High schoolers develop Modified Mercalli Intensity values for a written description of an earthquake. They map MMi values and defend their decisions where to place them on a large-scale zip code map. They define how measures of magnitude... 9th - 12th Science

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There is no doubt that the Holy Koran, the Moslems' constitution, has tackled every matter in our life regardless how small or large. A thorough look from a building technology point of view, would notice that many verses of Koran have dealt with building materials, techniques and even structural systems. Some Architectural researches have employed Koran and Sonna to develop a theory and criteria of housing design and city planning from islamic perspective (1). However, the building technology signals in Koran haven't been discussed, which this study would try to shed some light on such divine knowledge. Based on his free will, awareness and imagination, man builds edifices in various shapes and sizes and with various function patterns in order to facilitate, nurture and motivate his copious life activities. In fact, that is one of the fundamental things that distinguish man from other animate creatures that share this earth with him. The existence of man cannot be imagined without the existence of a built environment. The relationship between the two is causal, man always being the cause and built environment the effect. So therefore, no phase of man’s presence on earth could be imagined to be devoid of building activities, irrespective of their scale and sophistication. Islam is a religion that inevitably leads to the creation of a virtuous comprehensive culture and civilization which benefits not only Muslims, but also non-Muslims and all the other worldly creatures as well. Islam also creates individuals who through a complex hierarchy of institutions and establishments are organized in a community (ummah) which is well equipped to meet the challenges of its and its members’ earthly mission. This is so because life in its totality is seen as both the field and a form of worship (‘ibadah) in Islam. Every life activity believers effortlessly transform into an act of worship. Every part of the earth where they live, believers, as a result, turn into a vibrant place of worship as well. They turn it into a mosque (masjid). Thus, Islam, believers, worship as a lifestyle, and the notion of the mosque, one originating from the other and each one needing the others for its functioning and continued existence, are inseparable.

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Wild Turkey: Summer Survey Report Wild Turkey Sightings! We're asking everyone to report all wild turkey sightings throughout Florida, including rural and developed areas, from June 1 to Aug. 31. FWC biologists are interested in sightings of hens with and without poults (young wild turkeys) and male birds (jakes and gobblers). Look carefully when counting poults because they can be difficult to see. Click the red button to report sightings online or learn how to report sightings using our Turkey Survey App.Report sightings online! Why the Survey is Important Wild turkeys are abundant in Florida and are found throughout the state. Nesting success can vary each year based on several factors including weather conditions, predation, and habitat characteristics/quality. Fluctuations in nesting success and brood survival strongly influence wild turkey populations. When reproduction in a given year improves, populations tend to increase in subsequent years. By reporting wild turkey sightings, you're helping provide a way to gauge wild turkey nesting success, brood survival, and population dynamics at a statewide level. Florida’s annual summer wild turkey survey is part of a larger regional study designed to provide more insight into the distribution and abundance of wild turkeys. The information, combined with harvest data, lets FWC biologists scientifically manage the wild turkey population—ensuring we have a thriving population now and in the future. Photo courtesy of Glenn Whittington About Nesting and Brood Rearing - In Florida, wild turkeys begin breeding in late February and early March. - Egg laying usually begins in mid-to late March, though nesting dates can range from early March to early June. - Hens create a nest by scratching a shallow depression in the soil where she lays an average of 9 to 11 eggs. - It takes approximately 12-13 days to lay the full clutch of eggs and another 25-26 days of continuous incubation for them to hatch. Hens do all the incubating and brood rearing. - Newly hatched wild turkeys, called poults, are highly mobile and can feed themselves soon after hatching. - Poults are flightless until they are about 2 weeks old. During that time, they roost on the ground under the hen’s wings and tail until they develop enough to fly into low branches or small trees. - Poults eat primarily insects during the summer. They need the protein for growth and flight feather development. - Learn more about wild turkeys and wild turkey management.

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Dawes (Martian crater) Dawes Crater is located in the Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle of Mars, at Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 668: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.. It is about 191 km (119 mi) in diameter, and was named after William R. Dawes, a British astronomer (1799–1868) who was ahead of his time in believing that Mars only had a thin atmosphere. Dawes presumed that the atmosphere of Mars was thin because surface markings on the planet could easily be seen. Impact craters generally have a rim with ejecta around them, in contrast volcanic craters usually do not have a rim or ejecta deposits. As craters get larger (greater than 10 km in diameter) they usually have a central peak. The peak is caused by a rebound of the crater floor following the impact. Sometimes craters expose layers that were buried. Rocks from deep underground are tossed onto the surface. Hence, craters can show us what lies deep under the surface. Why are Craters important? The density of impact craters is used to determine the surface ages of Mars and other solar system bodies. The older the surface, the more craters present. Crater shapes can reveal the presence of ground ice. The area around craters may be rich in minerals. On Mars, heat from the impact melts ice in the ground. Water from the melting ice dissolves minerals, and then deposits them in cracks or faults that were produced with the impact. This process, called hydrothermal alteration, is a major way in which ore deposits are produced. The area around Martian craters may be rich in useful ores for the future colonization of Mars. Studies on the earth have documented that cracks are produced and that secondary minerals veins are deposited in the cracks. Images from satellites orbiting Mars have detected cracks near impact craters. Great amounts of heat are produced during impacts. The area around a large impact may take hundreds of thousands of years to cool. Part of Dawes Crater showing eroding wall on left and dunes on crater floor on the right. Picture taken with CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). - Blue, Jennifer. "Dawes". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program. - "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". Mars. USGS.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> - Glasstone, S. (1968). The Book of Mars. Washington D.C.: NASA.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>. - Hugh H. Kieffer (1992). Mars. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-1257-7. Retrieved 7 March 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> - Osinski, G, J. Spray, and P. Lee. 2001. Impact-induced hydrothermal activity within the Haughton impact structure, arctic Canada: Generation of a transient, warm, wet oasis. Meteoritics & Planetary Science: 36. 731-745 - Pirajno, F. 2000. Ore Deposits and Mantle Plumes. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht, The Netherlands - Head, J. and J. Mustard. 2006. Breccia Dikes and Crater-Related Faults in Impact Craters on Mars: Erosion and Exposure on the Floor of a 75-km Diameter Crater at the Dichotomy Boundary. Special Issue on Role of Volatiles and Atmospheres on Martian Impact Craters Meteoritics & Planetary Science - Segura, T, O. Toon, A. Colaprete, K. Zahnle. 2001. Effects of Large Impacts on Mars: Implications for River Formation. American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting#33, #19.08 - Segura, T, O. Toon, A. Colaprete, K. Zahnle. 2002. Environmental Effects of Large Impacts on Mars. Science: 298, 1977-1980.

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A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America Champagne and Aishihik First Nations Haines Junction, Yukon The human remains are located within the Tatshenshini-Alsek Park, a protected area within the B.C.Parks system and is one of four adjacent parks forming a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This park was established in 1993, and is co-managed by B.C.Parks and Champagne and Aishihik First Nations. At present, there are no offices or facilities within the park, and the local operations centre for the park is here in Haines Junction. The find consists of the remains of a human individual, and parts of his or her clothing and associated tools and equipment. The design of the clothing and tools indicate that the individual was aboriginal, and died in pre-contact times, before European people came into the area. We cannot at present specify what cultural group this person belonged to, or determine how long ago he or she died. The cause of the death is not known at present, but preliminary evidence indicated that this person died after falling into a glacier crevasse. An ancient foot trail runs through this area and across this glacier. Perhaps the individual, most likely a male, was travelling on this trail, or hunting in the area when the tragedy occurred. A team of relevant specialists was quickly put together for the recovery of the human remains. This team included archaeologists, a forensic anthropologist, a glaciologist, an artifact conservator, and Champagne and Aishihik First Nations' and B.C.representatives. Prior to the removal of the human remains, quiet words of respect were spoken by representatives of the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations. Dr. Owen Beattie, University of Alberta, was present to give forensic advice and guidance during the removal of the remains. The collected remains and artifacts have been transferred to Whitehorse, where they are being appropriately stored and monitored by specialists. We have consulted with our Elders Council and members, to obtain their guidance on this find. The Elders have been very helpful in helping us identify the artifacts collected, and, in the past we have worked with them to record place names and the history of this area. The Elders have indicated that we should use this situation, what appears to be an ancient tragedy, to learn more about this person; when he lived, and how his clothes and tools were made, and how he died. This person will have much to tell us, to help us understand our past, and the history of our homeland. We wish to see the human remains treated with dignity and respect and to see the most positive outcome to this long ago event. Our governments will be working in partnership to ensure the preservation of this important find, and to develop a plan for the study of this person and their tools and clothing. On behalf of all involved, Chief Bob Charlie and B.C.'s Minister Ian Waddell express sincere thanks to the men who reported the find, to staff of the Yukon Heritage Branch's Archaeology Program, who recognized the significance of the discovery, and brought it to our attention, and all those who assisted in the timely removal of the remains.

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Calcium OxideCalcium Oxide (CaO) is a base, a white to gray solid with oxidizing properties. Even though it is not flammable, we still recommend a secure chemical storage building or container that meets specific regulations for storing Calcium Oxide. That’s why we suggest one of the following: CHEMLoc, DRUMLoc Calcium Oxide Storing Details - Flammable Details: Not flammable. - Storage Details: Keep separated from incompatible substances. Store and handle in accordance with all current regulations and standards. Store in compliant chemical storage building. - Compatible Details: Moisture, fluorine, strong acids - Description: Calcium oxide, commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline crystalline solid at room temperature. - Classification: CLASS 8 - Brand Name: n/a Calcium Oxide Properties |Formula||Density||Boiling Point;||IUPAC ID||Molar Mass||Soluble In||Melting Point| |CaO||3.35 g/cm³||2850°C, 3123 K (100 hPa)||Calcium oxide||56.0774 g/mol||Water, Glycerol, Acids||4,662°F (2,572°C)|

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| || | Join Date: Aug 2008 Using new and delete Operators in C++ C++ offers programmers a means to create variables dynamically using new operator. The new operator determines the type of receiving pointer and converts its return value appropriately. Memory is allocated. To release the memory allocated,C++ uses delete operator. The new operator, when used with the pointer to a data type, allocates memory for the item and assigns the address of that memory to the pointer. The delete operator does the reverse, it de-allocates the memory allocated to the variable. The C++ new operator is used to allocate memory from the heap. The advantage of the new operator is that it offers safety in terms of type and size. Whereas malloc only takes one argument, the desired size in bytes. The argument to the new operator identifies the type of the variable to create, which ensures that the user is getting memory of the intended size and type. When no longer needed, memory that is allocated with new should be deallocated with delete. char *name; //Declare a pointer name = new char; //Allocates 31 bytes memory for the object cout<< "Enter name : " << endl; //Will be displayed on the screen cin >> name; cout << name <<; delete name; //Destroys the object by de-allocating the memory

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Many people worry that increasing the use of robots in our daily lives will only increase the amount of unemployment. Many advantages possessed by robots, for example, can work without stopping, never complaining or asking for salary. An example of using robots that have taken over thousands of human jobs is in the car industry. When we go to a modern car factory, most of the work is done by robots, from printing parts of car bodies, welding and assembling to painting cars. All of that work was done by humans, but robots can do it more quickly and efficiently. There are obviously workers or laborers affected by this automation. But This is not the first, and certainly not the last. Still remember the telephone system in the 1950s? When It is to call someone, the owner of the telephone at home picks up the receiver and he will be connected to the operator at the telephone office. This will connect your telephone to the telephone number requested. Since then telephone technology has continued to advance, starting with a rotary telephone system, where users have dialed the dial on phones equipped from zero to nine. Then go one step further with the push button telephone, which greatly speeds up the connection, without the assistance of the operator, and now almost everyone has a smart phone, which is not wired and can work automatically with the owner's voice command. That is just automation, but now more and more used what is called artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence in making robots. Artificial intelligence is the opposite of human intelligence, meaning that humans can do things using the brain and hands. Robots equipped with artificial intelligence are computer-driven robots that have software that can analyze their environment using a number of formulas or regulations, and act when they ensure that all the rules are met. Robots like this can also be equipped with machine learning software so that he can make decisions based on parameters or information contained in his computer. For Many people, robots who have artificial intelligence often remind stories in science fiction where the computer or robot they command has been so advanced and can even defeat human ability. Artificial intelligence that is currently popular is the technology used to make self-driving cars, which are cars that can drive themselves, after the user gives instructions to the computer. For example, "Take Me to the Sarinah shop on Jalan Thamrin. " The computer in the car will check the database and find the store in question. Self-driving cars have begun to be widely used in America and Europe, although still in a limited area. In the state of California, a transport company has operated a large freight truck to transport goods from the factory to the store or to the base of the agent who ordered it.

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The brain is able to process the different forms of textures based on how it responds to the sensory nerves when something is touched. The extent to which the brain understands these different textures is significant. This allows the brain to react to velvet different than sandpaper. A potential, although impressive undertaking, exists where a robotic hand could be programmed to send different texture sensory information to the brain and allow the person to respond to this stimulation the same as if it was a normal hand. - As humans, our hands and fingertips can detect small differences in texture such as distinguishing coarse sandpaper from smooth glass. - The somatosensory cortex is the part of the brain responsible for interpreting the sense of touch and sensors in the skin and nerves transmit texture information to it. - The brain creates a dimensional representation of texture in the brain as the neurons transmit sensory information about texture to it. “”The variety of different adjectives you can use to describe texture just highlights that it’s a rich sensory space. So, it makes sense that you need to have a rich neural space in the brain to interpret that too.”” Read more: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190208124705.htm

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George Martin was born about 1618 by his own deposition. And, according to Maj. Robert Pike, “George had come over as a servant to Samuel Winsley about the time that Salisbury was first settled” …in 1638, and he bought land in Salisbury about 1643. He also received land in Amesbury in 1640. By 1644, he married first Hannah (Unknown) in Salisbury, Massachusetts Bay. Various sources describe him as a blacksmith, land surveyor, and a frequent buyer and seller of land in Amesbury and Salisbury. He took oath of fidelity in 1646. Robert Pike Petition Controversy The controversy originated as a protest in several towns over General Court punishment of Robert Pike for his outspoken criticism of Quaker Persecutions. In 1673, "George Martin of Salisbury, Massachusetts, was one of 15 out of 47 from 5 Towns who signed a petition to the General Court in 1653 to revoke the sentence against Lieutenant Robert Pike." It later became a contest between the authority of the General Court vs. the right of a British subject to petition the Court. The General Court confirmed its authority by reaffirming Pike’s original fine and also assessing fines to those settlers who refused to withdraw their petition signatures. George Martin was one of the few who defiantly refused to recant. Although George and Susannah were frequently involved with the Essex County Court as early as 1647, more serious troubles began after the birth of their last child: 1669, William Sargent, Jr. accused Susannah of witchcraft. In response, George Martin sued him for slander, adding two counts for saying, (1) Susannah killed her newborn infant, and (2) Martin’s son was a bastard and the other an imp. While a later court dismissed the witchcraft charge, it found Sargent guilty of unproven accusations of " fornication and infanticide.” The court awarded George and Susannah "a white wampam peague or the eighth part of a penny damage.” Later in 1669, Susannah lost on a charge by Christopher Bartlett that she called him a liar and a thief. More seriously and still in1669, their son Richard was sentenced to be whipped “for abusing his father,” involving an axe. In 1671, George, Susannah, and her sister. Mary Jones, engaged in lengthy litigation over the estate of their father, Richard North, and, by 1674, their inheritance was lost when the court found against them. He died before 23 Nov 1686. Will dates are shown as 19 Jan 1683/4 and probated on 23 Nov 1686. Witchcraft Execution of His Widow On 29 Jun 1692, his widow, Susannah North, was found guilty of witchcraft during the Salem Witchcraft Trials and executed 19 Jul 1692. (See her profile for more information.) George Martin's parents and origins are unknown according to the Great Migration Directory by Robert Charles Anderson, published in 2015.“Martin, George: Unknown; 1639; Salisbury, Amesbury [SJC Case #3231; TAG 56:155-59, 58:193-204, 59:11-22].” According to a series of articles in The American Genealogist, there is no reason to believe he is related to any other family of the same name in New England. The same series of articles in TAG (56:155-59; 58:193-204; 59:11-22) also conclude that the maiden name of his first wife Hannah was not Green. It is currently unknown. ↑ Great Migration 1634-1635, A-B. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2008.) Originally published as: The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume 1, A-B, by Robert Charles Anderson, George F. Sanborn, Jr., and Melinde Lutz Sanborn. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1999. https://www.americanancestors.org/DB114/i/7051/377/235168278 ↑ Vital Records from The NEHGS Register. Online database. AmericanAncestors.org. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2014. (Compiled from articles originally published in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.) https://www.americanancestors.org/DB522/i/14301/342/0 Delorey, J. I. (1997). A study of George and Susanna Martin. Shrewsbury, Mass. (496 Main St, Shrewsbury) :: J.I. Delorey. George Martin of Salisbury, Mass., and his descendants : Also of the probably related lines of Samuel Martin of FRANCESTOWN, N.H., his brother Jesse Martin of Francestown, n.h.; of Richard Martyn of PORTSMOUTH, N.H., and Ephraim Martin Of Goffstown, N.H., and Bradford, Vt. (n.d.). Retrieved February 11, 2021, from https://archive.org/stream/georgemartinofsa00wats#mode/2up

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The spinal cord is a major part of our nervous system. It begins at the base of the skull and extends to the first of the lumbar vertebra. The spinal cord helps connect the brain to the rest of the body. It is protected by the vertebral column which has an opening of about one centimeter, and is also protected by 3 layers of membranes called the spinal meninges and a special fluid called Cerebro- Spinal Fluid. MORE! Touchdown on a Web Page! Zeuter Development Corporation Box 225, Parry Sound, Ontario, CANADA P2A 2X3 Tel/FAX (705)746-4625 Copyright (C) Zeuter Development Corporation, 1996. All rights reserved.

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They traveled with a small two-seater single-engine airplane to over 30 countries. At each point in the world that they visited, scientific surveys were undertaken and historical sites were discovered. In awe of nature’s beauty, the two pilots took aerial photographs and collected samples for scientific research. Shortly before the end of their journey of scientific knowledge, Adrien Normier and Clementine Bacri chose Samos and the Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation as the only location they would visit in Greece. Members of an international scientific research effort under the sponsorship of several universities and institutes, the two “flying researchers” have documented important subjects including island erosion, coastal ecosystems, volcanoes, marine and terrestrial life, marine pollution, archeological treasures, human races, engendered animals of mangrove forests, swamps and wetlands, life in ice and tropical regions. For fourteen months, they flew from country to country, according to a specific schedule and photographed areas worthy of scientific exploration using their specially designed small airplane, providing original and extremely interesting material to research centers, cooperating with universities and institutes. In Luxembourg, Iceland, Greenland, Canada, French Guyana, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia and Jordan they participated in specific research programs. They crossed the Atlantic and the Pacific, crossed the Amazon, made contact with people and cultures, but mainly documented the environment all around the world. They chose to visit the region of the East Aegean Sea and cooperate with the Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation to provide aerial information about coastal habitats, erosion of islands and islets, marine mammals and a rare Eleonora’s falcon. During the five-day stay at the research base of the Archipelagos Institute, they took aerial photographs in coastal areas of Samos, Icaria, Fourni, Patmos, Arki and of Lipsi. This data, together with what was collected simultaneously by the research team of the Institute on their specially-equipped scientific sailboat, will be processed by specialists. The research for the first time in Greece will help map Posidonia seagrass from the sea and the air. They have also taken photos that show the erosion of small islands, mainly due to uncontrolled anthropogenic interference; overgrazing, deforestation, construction without compliance with environmental regulations, etc. The joint mission of the Archipelagos Institute (by sea) and “Wings for Science” researchers (by air), also focuses on the small uninhabited islets of North Patmos. 14 islands and islets in the region of Patmos were declared as a permanent wildlife refuge in 2004, as a result of research and intervention by Archipelagos Institute due to particular importance for nesting colonies of the rare Eleonora’s falcon. Two thirds of the world population breed on this collection of uninhabited islets of the Aegean. In addition, there has been an attempt to record marine mammals (dolphins and whales) in the North Aegean, using methodology applied for the first time in Greece, which includes simultaneous capture of data from the air and sea. The research mission of Wings for Science will soon come to an end. After Greece, the trip will continue in Croatia and Slovenia, and in mid-June after a difficult and unique research mission, the “Wings for Science” aircraft will eventually land in Paris. There will be an international aviation exhibition that will take place at a great Air Sports event for the reception of the mission. Cooperation of Wings for Science with the Archipelagos Institute will continue in early autumn, when the researchers will return to Greek waters and resume their important contribution to the conservation efforts of our seas. For more information: http://www.wingsforscience.com/ , blog http://wingsforscience.blogspot.co.nz/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/wingsforscience?ref=ts&fref=ts , twitter: https://twitter.com/

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“Statins” are a class of substances that lower the level of cholesterol in the blood by reducing the production of cholesterol by the liver. Statins block the enzyme in the liver that’s accountable for making cholesterol. This enzyme is named hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase ( HMG-CoA reductase ). Scientifically, statins are known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Cholesterol is crucial to the ordinary function of each cell in the body. But it also makes a contribution to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition in which cholesterol-containing plaques form inside arteries. These plaques block the arteries and scale back the flow of blood to the tissues that arteries supply. When plaques rupture, a blood clot forms on the plaque, this furthers obstructions in the artery and reduces the flow of blood. When blood flow is reduced satisfactorily in the arteries the result is heartburn (chest discomfort) or a cardiac arrest. If the clot happens on plaques in the brain, the result’s a stroke. If the clots happen on plaques in the leg, they cause erratic claudication (discomfort in the legs while walking). By reducing the production of cholesterol, statins can slow the formation of new plaques and infrequently can reduce the scale of plaques that exist already. Additionally, thru mechanisms that aren’t well accepted, statins could also stabilize plaques and make them less susceptible to bursting and promoting the development of clots. The very important role of cholesterol in atherosclerosis is generally accepted by scientists. Research from previous years show that assertive cholesterol reduction is more favorable than modest reductions. Crestor is one of the newer statins and it is very strong. The crestor side effects could vary from the overall statin side effects because crestor is a newer statin and therefore has had less studies done on its side effects. The statins are used to prevent and or treat chest pain, heart attacks, claudication, and strokes. Those who are placed on statins usually have high levels of cholesterol. Even though there are many different types of statin drugs the side effects are about the same. However, the severity of the side effects could be different for each statin. These are some of the side effects of the different statins: o Blurred vision o Heart burn o Muscle pain o Kidney failure

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🤓 Based on our data, we think this question is relevant for Professor Tanizaki's class at UTA. Name the following ionic compounds. In naming ionic compounds the metal is named first. We just use the name of the element without changing anything. So in Fe2(CO3)3 we have Fe as Iron. Naming Ionic Compounds

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Workbooks or Worksheets can be protected to prevent the manipulation of data either intentionally or accidentally. Passwords can be put in place to ensure only those employees who have the password can access the workbook or worksheet. The following will article will detail how to unprotect a workbook that is not password protected, unprotect a workbook that is password protected, and how to save the information in a password protected workbook when the password is forgotten or lost. understand a Protected worksheet limits But first understand a Protected worksheet limits the users’ ability to edit within a single worksheet and a Protected workbook prevents users from making structural changes like moving, deleting or adding sheets to the workbook. Neither of these protections will prevent someone from opening the Excel workbook they only limit the freedom within the workbook or worksheet. That being said, protecting a workbook or worksheet should be used when you want to prevent the tampering of your data or structure of your workbook. But should not be used as a security measure to protect sensitive data. How to Unprotect A Workbook And Worksheet In Excel Unprotect a Worksheet or Workbook: A protected worksheet limits the ability to edit. Go to the REVIEW Tab in the Ribbon and select Unprotect Sheet or Unprotect Workbook. You will now be free to make changes within the worksheet and just remember to protect it again once all work has been completed. Unprotect a password protected Worksheet or Workbook: If the worksheet or workbook is password protected when you click on Unprotect Sheet or Unprotect Workbook a dialog box will open asking you to enter the password. Once the password has been entered the worksheet or workbook will be unprotected you will once again be able to make changes or edit. How to Unprotect A Workbook And Worksheet In Excel Save the data from a password protected Worksheet or Workbook: If you have forgotten the password to a workbook or worksheet there is an easy way to retrieve your information and once again be able to edit or make changes. - Select all the data within the first worksheet by clicking the select all button in the top left corner (highlighted). - Control + C to copy or Right-Click and select Copy - Open a new Excel Workbook (Control + N) - Click anywhere within the new Workbook and Control +V to paste or Right-Click and select Paste Special (to ensure any custom formatting is withheld). - Continue this process with each Worksheet within the Workbook - This method will only work if when protecting the worksheet, the boxes remained checked to allow users to select locked cells and select unlocked cells. Other ways to unprotect worksheets and workbooks: How to Unprotect A Workbook And Worksheet In Excel, Above are the easiest ways to unprotect worksheets and workbooks but there are several other ways to get unprotect them. You can right click on the Worksheet Tab and select Unprotect Sheet. From the HOME Tab in the Ribbon select, Click Format and Select Unprotect Sheet. Click the FILE Tab in the Ribbon or from the Home Screen you can also click Unprotect to Unprotect the Workbook or the Worksheet.

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I have always had a fascination with ancient art, objects and communicative marks. The evolution of communication and the lost markings is always in the back of my mind and every now and then, the come to the forefront. This script is considered the earliest trace of alphabetic writing and the common ancestor of both the Ancient South Arabian script and the Phoenician alphabet, which posted about last year. The Phoenician Alphabet. Proto-Sinaitic (also referred to as Sinaitic, Proto-Canaanite when found in Canaan, the North Semitic alphabet, or Early Alphabetic) is considered the earliest trace of alphabetic writing and the common ancestor of both the Ancient South Arabian script and the Phoenician alphabet, which led to many modern alphabets including the Greek alphabet. According to common theory, Canaanites who spoke a Semitic language (hypothetically reconstructed as Proto-Semitic) repurposed Egyptian hieroglyphs to construct a different script. The script is attested in a small corpus of inscriptions found at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt dating to the Middle Bronze Age (2100–1500 BCE). Computational linguistics has been used to show potential degrees of similarity of symbols used in several scripts used in the Mediterranean basin and beyond, including Cretan (Minoan writing systems) scripts. According to the method used, Phoenician, the Ancient Greek alphabet, and the South Arabic script were shown to be closely related, while the other scripts examined were more similar to the Cretan scripts. The proto-Sinaitic script was not examined, however. The earliest proto-Sinaitic inscriptions are mostly dated to between the mid-19th (early date) and the mid-16th (late date) century BC. The principal debate is between an early date, around 1850 BC, and a late date, around 1550 BC. The choice of one or the other date decides whether it is proto-Sinaitic or proto-Canaanite, and by extension locates the invention of the alphabet in Egypt or Canaan respectively. However the discovery of the Wadi el-Hol inscriptions near the Nile River shows that the script originated in Egypt. The evolution of proto-Sinaitic and the various proto-Canaanite scripts during the Bronze Age is based on rather scant epigraphic evidence; it is only with the Bronze Age collapse and the rise of new Semitic kingdoms in the Levant that proto-Canaanite is clearly attested (Byblos inscriptions 10th–8th century BC, Khirbet Qeiyafa inscription c. 10th century BC). The proto-Sinaitic inscriptions were discovered in the winter of 1904–1905 in Sinai by Hilda and Flinders Petrie. To this may be added a number of short proto-Canaanite inscriptions found in Canaan and dated to between the 17th and 15th centuries BC, and more recently, the discovery in 1999 of the Wadi el-Hol inscriptions, found in Middle Egypt by John and Deborah Darnell. The Wadi el-Hol inscriptions strongly suggest a date of development of proto-Sinaitic writing from the mid-19th to 18th centuries BC.

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Effects of Sugar Ingestion on the Classroom and Playgroup Behavior of Attention Deficit Disordered Boys In order to assess the effects of sugar ingestion on the behavior and academic performance of attention deficit disordered (ADD) boys, an investigation was undertaken employing a challenge design. The boys fasted overnight and then received in the morning a challenge drink containing either 1.75 gm/kg sucrose or a placebo (aspartame) of comparable sweetness. The study was run over the course of four days of a day treatment program, with the boys randomly receiving sugar and placebo on two days each. Dependent variables consisted of measures of classroom behavior, academic productivity and accuracy, noncompliance with adult requests, as well as positive and negative peer interactions. The results offered no support for the contention that sugar ingestion adversely affects the behavior or learning of ADD boys. Limitations of the present study, including the dosage of sugar employed and the use of concurrent interventions, were discussed. A hypothesis is offered to explain why research has consistently failed to find a challenge effect of sugar on behavior in ADD children despite the widespread beliefs to the contrary. Milich, Richard and Pelham, William E., "Effects of Sugar Ingestion on the Classroom and Playgroup Behavior of Attention Deficit Disordered Boys" (1986). Psychology Faculty Publications. 97.

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Glitter is everywhere! And if you’ve ever done a crafty project with your kids or for a school activity, you know all too well, that it has an uncanny ability to get into everything. It’s found in cosmetics, make-up, hair products, party paraphernalia and even clothing. Glitter is actually categorized as a “microplastic,” which are miniscule bits of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Scientists are just now beginning to explore the health and environmental risks and damage this plastics present to us and our ecosystems. Microplastics like cosmetic glitter are made by bonding aluminum with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which releases endocrine-disrupting chemicals. When they end up in our water systems and enter the food chain, they eventually end up in our bodies through eating seafood. According to an article in Ecowatch: “there’s the domino-like effect of microplastics through the food-chain, for the sheer volume of microplastics consumed by seafood-loving humans is staggering. This study from the University of Ghent found that Europeans who eat shellfish can consume as much as 11,000 microplastics per year.” “At the rate we are going, there could be one pound of plastic for every three pounds of finfish in the ocean in the next ten years,” wrote Nick Mallos, director of Ocean Conservancy’s Trash Free Seas Program, in an email. “And unless action is taken, the problem is only going to get bigger.” As if these plastics we are eating were not bad enough, PETs encapsulate organic pollutants and pathogens, which adds to the toxicity, and we end up eating both the plastic and the pollutants and pathogens. And, there’s a growing body of research that’s been connecting these endocrine disrupting chemicals with both the reproductive health of fisheries, as well in humans that live near the plastic factories. When we said that these plastics were everywhere, we were not exaggerating. Plastic particles have been found in 83% of the tap water from over a dozen countries (94% in the U.S. samples), they’ve been found in sea salt and microfibers have even been found in honey, according to an investigation by Orb Media. There has been positive change and action. Many researchers and environmental activists are calling for a ban on glitter and on microbeads which are often found in products like exfoliating beauty products. We hope this article will raise awareness of this serious health and environmental concern and encourage people to stop using products that contain microplastics. EcoWatch: Why Glitter Must Be Banned Image source: dahveed76 / Flickr A quick note from our founder- Over the past year, my friend Dave at PaleoHacks has been working on a secret cookbook with world-renowned Le Cordon Bleu chef Peter Servold. Well, today this new this new incredible Paleo Cookbook is finally available to be shipped right to your door for FREE That's right as a special launch promotion, we're offering our brand new Paleo fat loss cookbook to you for free (Chef Pete lost 60 lbs using these recipes!) All you have to do is just cover a small shipping cost (international shipping is a bit more). Get your FREE copy of Paleo Eats Here. (Grab this today, because we only ordered a small batch of these cookbooks for this freebie promotion, and they will sell out FAST!)

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The Importance of Gut Health: Tips from Leading Gastroenterologists The human body is a complex and interconnected system, where each part plays a vital role in maintaining overall health. Among these crucial components, the gut stands out as a powerhouse, influencing not only digestion but also immunity, mental health, and more. In this blog, we'll explore the significance of gut health and gather insights from leading gastroenterologists on how to nurture and maintain a healthy gut. Book free consulting session with HealthTrip expert 1. Understanding the Gut-Health Connection The Multifaceted Role of the Gut in Health The gut, or gastrointestinal tract, is responsible for digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. However, its role extends far beyond digestion. The gut houses a vast community of microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota. This complex ecosystem interacts with the body in multifaceted ways, impacting immunity, metabolism, and even mood regulation. 2. Gut Health and Immunity Guardians of Defense: The Immune System in the Gut A significant portion of the immune system resides in the gut. The gut microbiota helps regulate immune responses and contributes to the body's defense against infections. Imbalances in the gut microbiota have been linked to immune-related disorders, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy gut to support robust immunity. 3. Gut-Brain Axis and Mental Health Beyond Digestion: Gut Microbiota's Impact on Mental Health The gut and brain are connected through a bidirectional communication pathway known as the gut-brain axis. Emerging research suggests that the gut microbiota can influence brain function and mental health. Conditions like anxiety, depression, and even neurodegenerative diseases may be influenced by the gut microbiota composition. 4. Tips from Gastroenterologists for a Healthy Gut A Blueprint for Gut Health: Insights from Gastroenterologists Leading gastroenterologists emphasize several key practices to promote optimal gut health: - Diverse Diet: Consume a variety of fiber-rich foods, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. A diverse diet supports a diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with better health outcomes. - Probiotics and Prebiotics: Incorporate foods rich in probiotics (like yogurt and fermented foods) and prebiotics (such as garlic, onions, and bananas) to nourish beneficial gut bacteria. - Limit Processed Foods and Sugar: Excessive consumption of processed foods and sugary items can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota and lead to inflammation. - Stay Hydrated: Drinking enough water supports digestion and helps maintain a healthy gut lining. - Manage Stress: Chronic stress can negatively affect gut health. Practices like meditation, yoga, and relaxation techniques can contribute to a healthier gut-brain connection. 5. Balancing Gut Health for Overall Wellness More Than a Diet: Lifestyle Factors for a Thriving Gut Maintaining gut health is a holistic endeavor that goes beyond just what we eat. Adequate sleep, regular exercise, and managing stress are equally essential components of nurturing a healthy gut. 6. Seeking Professional Advice When to Seek Help: Recognizing the Need for Medical Expertise If you experience persistent digestive issues, it's crucial to consult a gastroenterologist. Gastroenterologists are medical experts specializing in diagnosing and treating disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Early intervention can prevent potential complications and ensure proper gut function. How can we help with the treatment? If you're on the lookout for treatment in India, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, UAE, and Turkey, let Healthtrip be your compass. We will serve as your guide throughout your medical treatment. We'll be by your side, in person, even before your medical journey commences. The following will be provided to you: - Connect with renowned doctors from a network spanning 35+ countries and access the world's largest health travel platform. - Collaboration with 335+ top hospitals , including Fortis and Medanta. - Comprehensive treatments from Neuro to Cardiac to Transplants, Aesthetics, and Wellness. - Post-treatment care and assistance. - Teleconsultations at $1/minute with leading surgeons. - Trusted by 44,000+ patients for appointments, travel, visa, and forex assistance. - Access top treatments and packages, such as Angiograms and many more. - Gain insights from genuine patient experiences and testimonials. - Stay updated with our medical blog. - 24/7 unwavering support, from hospital formalities to travel arrangements or emergencies. - Pre-scheduled specialist appointments. - Prompt emergency assistance, ensuring safety. Our success stories The gut is a central hub of health, influencing various aspects of our well-being. From immunity to mental health, its impact is far-reaching. By incorporating the advice of leading gastroenterologists and adopting healthy lifestyle practices, we can nurture our gut health and set the foundation for a vibrant, balanced life. Remember, a healthy gut contributes not only to physical health but also to overall vitality and happiness.

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Recessive sex linked disorders are more common in males than in females because X-linked recessive diseases usually occur in males. Males have only one X chromosome. A single recessive gene on that X chromosome will cause the disease. The Y chromosome is the other half of the XY gene pair in the male. However, the Y chromosome doesn't contain most of the genes on the X chromosome. Because of that, it doesn't protect the male. Diseases such as haemophilia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy occur from a recessive gene on the X chromosome. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

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Contributed by – Preksha Buttan Are you consuming enough Vitamin B12 to sustain the needs of your body? In India, Vitamin B12 deficiency is the most widespread nutritional deficiency. Elderly women and vegetarians are more prone to it. Since the body is unable to produce this vitamin on its own, you have to make sure that your diet contains it in ample amount. If you are unaware about how Vitamin B12 helps your body to stay healthy, then here we have a Guidebook to Manage Vitamin B12 Deficiency which will answer most of your related questions. What is Vitamin B12 Deficiency? Our body needs Vitamin B12 to make red blood cells, nerves and DNA synthesis. It also helps the body to carry out other functions. However, like various other vitamins, our body cannot make Vitamin B12 on its own. The only way to fulfil our need for this vitamin is to consume it in the form of food we eat. But the problem is, most of us do not pay attention to our diet and it often lacks important vitamins. As a result, Vitamin B12 deficiency has become extremely common in India. According to different studies like this and this, 55 to 80% of Indians are affected by vitamin B12 deficiency. Your risk of having Vitamin B12 deficiency may be high in the following conditions: - Strict vegetarian and vegan diet - Atrophic gastritis or thinning of the stomach lining - Pernicious anaemia - Illnesses that affect the small intestine - Immune system disorders - Medications that impact absorption of Vitamin B12 - Weight loss surgery - Increasing age Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency may gradually appear and become severe over time or they can come without any warning. However, these symptoms can overlap with the symptoms of other illnesses. Following are Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms: - Lack of energy - Tingling sensations in the body - Constant fatigue - Weak muscles - Sudden mood changes - Blurry vision - Pale appearance of the skin - Weight gain - Mouth ulcers - Breathlessness and dizziness It is advisable that you get yourself tested by an experienced physician instead of self-diagnosing. Also, a blood test will help you to identify your levels of Vitamin B12 and will confirm your condition. Consequences of untreated Vitamin B12 deficiency Early identification and treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency is important because if left untreated, its symptoms can worsen and can cause severe neurologic problems and blood diseases. Following are the risks associated with untreated Vitamin B12 deficiency: - Irreversible damage to the nerve cells - Deep vein thrombosis Understanding test reports If you have got a blood test done to identify your condition, then understanding test reports on your own can be a challenge. So, the table below will help you get a basic understanding of your test reports and help identify your level of Vitamin B12. |Vitamin B12 chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA)||211.0 – 911.0 pg/ml| *Reference range may vary from lab to lab Frequency of the test In case you test positive for Vitamin B12 deficiency, the follow-up test is recommended as per your treatment. |Injections||After 1 month| |Tablets and Sachets||After 2 month| Even if you test negative for Vitamin B12 deficiency, it is advised to get tested for it every 4 months. Recommended dietary allowance for Vitamin B12 Everybody’s Vitamin B12 requirement depends on their own health status. Age, gender, physical activity, medical conditions, and eating habits – everything plays a role when considering how much Vitamin B12 is needed. For reference, below is a table to help you understand the recommended average intake of Vitamin B12 per day for both men and women. |0-6 months||0.4 mcg| |7-12 months||0.5 mcg| |1-3 years||0.9 mcg| |4-8 years||1.2 mcg| |9-13 years||1.8 mcg| |14+ year||2.4 mcg| In the case of pregnancy, 2.6 mcg is recommended and in the case of breastfeeding, 2.8 mcg is recommended. Vitamin B12 does not occur in plant-based foods. Due to this reason, those who are on strict vegetarian and vegan diet are at high risk of its deficiency. Vitamin B12 can be found naturally in dairy products and animal products. Thus, the intake of such food is important to maintain the level of Vitamin B12 in the body. Some foods such as breakfast cereals and soya are fortified with Vitamin B12. You can check the labels to find such food products when you go for grocery shopping next. Also, after consulting your doctor, you can add Vitamin B12 supplements into your diet. Here is a list of few of the food products which naturally carry Vitamin B12. - Dairy products like milk, cheese and yoghurt Since certain medical conditions can disturb Vitamin B12 levels in the body, it is essential to make sure that your overall health is good. To prevent any diseases, indulge in exercises. Maintain a daily workout routine. Go for a walk or try yoga. Even meditation can help. If you are healthy, you will not only rule out the chances of Vitamin deficiency but will also be able to prevent a wide range of lifestyle diseases. So, there it is a complete guidebook to manage Vitamin B12 deficiency. A few minor changes to your lifestyle and diet and you can bid farewell to the complications that it brings. This post has already been read 594 times!

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Indeed, the emf in one half of the solenoid will cancel that in the other half. This is most easily visualized if you split the solenoid in half, now you have one solenoid that is being entered, and one that is being exited so their EMF will be equal and opposite. Or if you're looking at the center only, all of the flux lines in the middle are parallel to the motion, so there will be no change in flux. So if you look at a plot of number a field lines encircled by a ring at a given position (which is proportional to the flux) you'll get something that looks like: As you can see there is a maximum amount of flux right in the middle, and on either side it is symmetrically decreasing and increasing. The EMF produced by a coil is proportional to the change in flux with time. If the magnet/coil is moving at a constant velocity, that means the EMF will be proportional to the change in flux with position. Here is the derivative of the flux with respect to position. This would be proportional to the EMF that an infinitely thin coil would experience as a magnet passed through it. If the coil had some width to it, we would want the average change in flux over the whole coil. To take the average one can integrate and divide by the length, but since we'd be integrating the derivative of the flux, we can just take the difference between the endpoints. For relatively thin coils this ends up looking almost identical to the infinitely thin coil, but as the coil length increases the graph does begin to look different. However, the middle must always pass through zero because the graph of the flux is symmetric (because the magnetic field is symmetric, so however much the EMF is positive on one side it will exactly cancel the negative on the other side). All charged particles feel a force when passing through a magnetic field. When the wire doesn't form a loop it's necessary to calculate the EMF via the Maxwell–Faraday equation instead of Lenz's Law.

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The Village des Bories, close to Gordes in the Vaucluse, is made up of around 20 dry stone buildings which were lived in by peasant farmers for part of the year up to the 19th century when rural populations left for the towns. It is rare to have so many dry stone huts so close together, and the deserted hamlet is now open to the public as a tourist attraction. There are 15 small huts, no doubt used for storage, and five bigger constructions which would have been lived in. During the 17th and 18th centuries, because of population growth, impoverished farmers needed more land which would often be a long way from home. In this area the hills were forested and they had to clear the woodland to create fields. They also had to dig out the small slabs of limestone they found everywhere in the soil, but this hard work left them with building material to create the shelters they needed when they were working in their fields far from home. They would employ people with building skills to create the bigger and more complex constructions and build the simpler walls themselves. The most difficult task was building the corbel arches which were built up to form the upside down hull like roofs characteristic of the huts in the area. The stones were placed horizontally or even slightly tilted outwards to prevent water from entering. Each row slightly overhangs the row below. Large flat stones were placed along the ridges to finish the hut. In the commune of Gordes there are a total 400 individual dry-stone huts scattered through the area, but this is the only place where there are so many grouped together. The word borie is the contemporary name most commonly given to dry-stone huts and comes from the Provençal word bori meaning a farmhouse, which in turn comes from the medieval boveria or boria meaning a livestock barn. However, the term that purists prefer is cabane or hut because it is the name the older generations used. Laure Alonso welcomes visitors to the village. She said life would have been extremely hard here: “The main crop was olives and they would have come for the harvest between October and December. “They would have had a few vines and come for a few weeks in the summer and for the harvest in September. “There would also have been a few grain crops. We have no written record of life here, but we think the huts would have been furnished with just a simple wooden table and chairs and straw stuffed mattresses to sleep on. “They would have worked outside from dawn to dusk and we think they would have been delighted to eventually return home to the towns.” The Village des Bories (see the website: levillagedesbories.com) was left abandoned for almost a century. It was saved from ruin by a poet, writer and traveller, Pierre Viala, who fell in love with the bories when he discovered them in the 1960s. He bought the ruins and restored them with the help of local stonemasons (you can read more on this, plus see photos, on the website). In 1977 the village was classified as a Historic Monument and in 1983, it was bought by the commune of Gordes. It is now one of the most visited sites in Vaucluse.

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How the Camel Got His Hump is an interesting story about the animals written by Rudyard Kipling. In this he has talked about how the Camel got the hump on its back. The world had just begun. The animals had started working for humans. The Horse, the Dog, and the Ox pulled loads and served man. But there was only one animal Camel that refused to work. It lived in the desert and ate thorny plants. When anybody spoke to him, he said ‘Humph!’. One Monday morning the Horse came to the Camel. He told the desert animal to work like them. So did the Dog and the Ox. But they had no success. Then the three complained to Man against the Camel. But Man grew angry and asked them to work double to compensate Camel’s work. So the animals were not happy. They held a panchayat. The Camel laughed at them and went away. Soon the Djinn or the Spirit in charge of deserts came there. He listened to their complaint and agreed with them. He decided to punish such an idle animal. He found the Camel looking at his own reflection in the pool of water. He had made the three other animals do extra work since Monday morning. When the Djinn aked him to clarify, the Camel only said ‘Humph’! He showed no willingness to work. The Djinn put a curse on the Camel. Soon the Camel’s back puffed up into a big hump. It was Thursday. The Camel was told to work for three days without eating anything, because his food was stored in his hump. But the hump on his back made it difficult for him to carry the load. The Djinn said that it would serve as a storehouse of food. He also said that it would disappear when the Camel would learn to behave properly. The Camel went away to join the Three. From that day he has been wearing a hump but there was no escape from work. He has, however, still not learned to behave.

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Pilate asked him, “What is truth?” After he had said this, he went out…” (NRSV, John 18:38) Pontius Pilate was the Roman Procurator or governor of the southern area of Palestine which formed the imperial province of Judea. As such he had been personally appointed by, and was directly responsible to, the Emperor Tiberius himself. His principal duties were to maintain law and order among the turbulent Jewish people and to arrange for the collection of the annual tribute which was then paid into the Emperor’s private treasury. Pilate had been appointed governor four years before Our Lord’s trial on Good Friday, and during that time his record had been far from good. Whereas the official policy of the central Roman government was to respect the customs of the Jews, Pilate treated them with contempt. He had gone out of his way to be offensive and had been recklessly severe in suppressing disorders. Yet essentially he was a mixture of obstinacy and weakness, the one quality leading him to overreach himself, the other causing him to back down in the face of the opposition he had succeeded in arousing.

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China tests world’s most powerful Stirling engine for submarine propulsion China’s Global Times reported on Wednesday that a research institute in the country had developed a new heat engine, which it described as the most powerful type of its kind in the world. The report claimed that the 711 Research Institute of the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) had developed the new âStirlingâ engine. What is a Stirling engine? A Stirling engine is a “closed cycle” engine; that is to say that the propellant it contains is not ejected, but circulates continuously. This is different from “open cycle” engines, such as those used in cars, in which the propellant is burnt and ejected. A Stirling engine converts heat into mechanical energy by the movement of two or more pistons inside the cylinders. According to Interesting Engineering, âThe gas inside a Stirling engine never leaves the engine. They are heated and cooled over and over again, so that they are never released in the form of an explosive exhaust. This regenerative engine has the ability to use the same gas over and over to generate electricity; therefore, a Stirling engine can prove to be much more efficient than the internal combustion engine used in modern vehicles. The heat for the engine is supplied by an external source, such as fossil fuels (gasoline or coal), nuclear energy, solar energy or the heat of decaying plants. Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman and engineer, built the first engine of this type in 1816 and patented it. The engine was created for the purpose of competing with the steam engine. In the early 1800s, the steam engine was the most powerful form of propulsion available, but it was prone to the threat of explosions. The Stirling engine minimized the risk of explosion. However, the ability of the Stirling engine to change its power output is limited compared to open cycle engines. Thus, the adoption of Stirling engines has been less. Use in submarines Since they lack explosive exhaust and have less vibration, Stirling engines are inherently quieter. This makes them useful for purposes where quiet operation is critical.

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News & Blogs Extreme Heat Wave Caused Stones to Fall from Notre Dame Cathedral Ceiling Published: August 14, 2019 (AP Photo/Francois Mori) France's record July heat wave caused several stones to fall from the ceiling of Notre Dame Cathedral, highlighting the fragility of the fire-ravaged landmark. An official with the French Ministry of Culture said the extreme heat – Paris reached a record high of more than 108 degrees – dried out the mortar holding the stones in place, which contributed to the stones crumbling and falling, according to the Associated Press. The official told the AP the damage is "not serious," but the 12th-century cathedral remains at risk of possible collapse. The world watched as a devastating fire engulfed the cathedral on April 15. Cleanup and rebuilding efforts started almost immediately, but experts have continued to warn that the structure is at risk of collapsing. The vaulted ceiling is especially fragile because the blaze destroyed the massive lead-and-wood roof that stabilized the entire structure, according to the AP. Officials previously said they feared the heat wave could further damage the 850-year-old structure. Philippe Villeneuve, France's chief architect for historical monuments, predicted the exact scenario that the culture minister described. Villeneuve told reporters during the heat wave that he was worried the extreme temperatures could compromise the structure. "As you know, the cathedral suffered from the fire, the beams coming down, but also the shock from the water from the firefighters," Villeneuve said in July, according to Reuters. "The masonry is saturated with water. "What I fear is that the joints or the masonry, as they dry, lose their coherence, their cohesion and their structural qualities and that all of sudden, the vault gives way." Other experts have also warned that the cathedral remains at risk in severe weather. An independent engineering study released in April showed that winds of 55 mph or greater could cause parts of the structure to collapse. Meanwhile, construction at the cathedral was halted last month over concerns about lead contamination. The site is only open to a handful of security officials and experts, who are allowed in to check for things like the falling stones, the AP also reported. The Weather Company’s primary journalistic mission is to report on breaking weather news, the environment and the importance of science to our lives. This story does not necessarily represent the position of our parent company, IBM.

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The TEFL world is full of acronyms. It’s easy to get lost in the verbiage and have your head spinning. But not knowing them can be equally problematic and even embarrassing. This article focuses on the most commonly used acronyms in the business of teaching English. It is expected that any Teacher who has taken a TEFL, TESOL, CELTA, DELTA or any other recognized certification know these terms. Let’s get right to it. TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) and EFL (English as a Foreign Language) are perhaps the most common terms. The term ELT (English Language Teaching) has quite recently come into use as an umbrella term which aims to include everything in the Teaching English field. TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) is another umbrella term, similar to ELT. In the USA, Canada and Australia, the terms TESL and TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) are much more widely used than TEFL, but basically the concept is the same. TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) is teaching immigrants in English-speaking countries, though this area is also, confusingly, referred to as ESOL. The students are studying an ESL (English as a Second Language) course. CALL – Computer Assisted Language Learning. CALL refers to language instruction through the use of technology. It usually refers to using language learning software to teach specific language points. CLT – Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). This is an umbrella term for learner-centred, authentic language acquisition principles that inform the most widely practised language teaching approach used in second language learning classrooms today. Also referred to as the Communicative Approach. Our course will follow this approach. DOS – Director of Studies (usually in charge of tutors, classroom management, the curriculum etc. in a private language school) EAP – English for Academic Purposes. EAP involves teaching students who are studying, or who intend to study, in higher education in an English speaking country. This could include teaching study skills or preparing students for an exam. ESP – English for Specific Purposes. ESP refers to teaching English to learners with specific needs and objectives, and usually refers to teaching professionals in a specific field. L1 – A student’s first language (the student’s native language). If someone asks you if you use L1 in the classroom, they are asking if you use your students’ native language, or if you only use L2, i.e. English. L2 – A student’s second language (English) PPP – Presentation, Practice, Production. This is a widely used model of classroom teaching. You will study and follow this model in your lesson planning and delivery. STT – Student talking time. The amount of time that students spend talking in class (ideally as much as possible). TTT – Teacher talking time. The amount of time the teacher spends talking during a class (ideally it should be as little as possible). There are more but these will put you ahead of the group.

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A machine used for various pressing, shaping, and assembly activities is a C-frame hydraulic press machine, sometimes referred to as a C-frame press or C-frame hydraulic press. Its name comes from the way that its frame mimics the letter "C." Industries include automotive, appliance manufacturing, electronics, and metalworking frequently use C-frame hydraulic presses. 1. Construction: A C-shaped frame that offers structural support and stability is a feature of a C-frame hydraulic press machine. The C-shaped frame is made up of a solid base and two vertical columns joined at the top. The control panel, hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder, and other parts are positioned inside the frame. 2. Versatility: Hydraulic presses with C-frame frames are renowned for their adaptability and flexibility. The work area is easily accessible because to the open front design, which also makes it easier to load and unload workpieces. Additionally, operations on larger workpieces that might not fit inside the enclosed frame of other press types are made possible by this design. 3. A hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pump, valve, hose, and reservoir are all parts of a C-frame press's hydraulic system. The hydraulic pump creates the pressure necessary for operation, while the hydraulic cylinder transforms hydraulic energy into mechanical force. Hydraulic fluid flow is managed by valves that operate the system. 4. Control over Force and Stroke: C-frame hydraulic press machines provide control over the force that is applied and the length of the stroke. According to the needs of the application, the force can be changed, enabling accurate pressing operations. The operator can choose the press ram's desired travel distance via stroke control. 5. C-frame hydraulic presses can be outfitted with a wide range of tools and accessories to meet the needs of various applications. Depending on the precise urgent demands, this may comprise die sets, specialised tooling, punches, or custom fixtures. 6. C-frame hydraulic presses frequently include safety elements to safeguard operators and avert mishaps. These might include pressure relief valves to stop overloading, emergency stop buttons, two-hand controls, safety curtains or barriers, and safety curtains or barriers. 7. Control system: The press machine's control panel enables the user to change and regulate variables including force, stroke length, and press speed. While some machines can be operated manually, others use programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to operate automatically and with precision. Applications for C-frame hydraulic press machines include bending, stamping, punching, riveting, assembling, and other pressing activities. They have benefits like their small size, simplicity in accessing the work area, and adaptability in handling various workpiece sizes and forms. The required force capacity, stroke length, bed size, control options, and safety features should all be taken into account when choosing a C-frame hydraulic press machine. It's crucial to pick a machine that meets the requirements of the particular application and has the appropriate power and capabilities. C-frame hydraulic press machine safety and efficiency depend on proper installation, routine maintenance, and respect to safety regulations. 1. What precisely does a C frame hydraulic press machine do? Ans - In order to shape and mould metal and other materials, a C Frame Hydraulic Press Machine applies a pressurised force against a die. The conventional design consists of a frame or framework with a vertical mounting axis, two movable lower arms, and a bolster plate that may be shaped and clamped to the appropriate shape. 2. What are a few typical applications for a C frame hydraulic press machine? Ans - Using a C Frame Hydraulic Press Machine for punching, shaping, blanking, extrusion, forging, coining, and deep drawing are typical applications. Additionally, it is employed in bending, swaging, and trimming processes. 3. What safety precautions should be taken when employing a C Frame Hydraulic Press Machine? Ans - In order to ensure that the workpiece is held securely, personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn, and safety precautions should be taken when utilising a C frame hydraulic press machine. Guards and cages should also be utilised to keep other staff members a safe distance from the media. 4. With a C frame hydraulic press machine, what materials are acceptable? Ans - In a C Frame Hydraulic Press Machine, many metals like steel, brass, and aluminium can be employed. Additionally, the press's specialised tooling can be used to press plastics and polymers. 5. What kind of engine powers a C frame hydraulic press machine? Ans - A hydraulic power unit, which normally consists of a pump, tank, and control valves, powers a C frame hydraulic press machine. A hydraulic cylinder that is positioned near the control valves activates the press. The press is moved using the hydraulic system's pressure.

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Might you run sooner than a T. rex? In keeping with new analysis, you may be capable of outpace one by strolling. Within the film “Jurassic Park” (Warner Bros, 1993), a carful of terrified individuals famously tries to flee a loping T. rex, however science shortly threw shade on the film beast and demonstrated that the king of tyrannosaurs would not have been quick sufficient to run down a jeep. Now, researchers have slowed down the massive dinosaur much more. New simulations primarily based on tail motion confirmed that T. rex wasn’t even a fast walker. The truth is, its most popular strolling pace clocked in at just below 3 mph (5 km/h), about half the pace of earlier estimates. To place that into perspective, that is in regards to the common strolling pace for a human, in response to the British Coronary heart Basis. Associated: Picture gallery: The lifetime of T. rex Tyrannosaurus rex, the largest of all carnivorous dinosaurs, lived in what’s now the western United States, from about 66 million to 68 million years in the past towards the top of the Cretaceous interval, and so they seemingly numbered within the billions. An grownup T. rex would have measured about 40 ft (12 meters) lengthy, stood 12 ft (3.6 m) tall and weighed about 11,000 to fifteen,500 kilos (5,000 to 7,000 kilograms) on common, in response to the American Museum of Pure Historical past in New York Metropolis. The heaviest identified T. rex, a hefty specimen present in Saskatchewan, Canada, and nicknamed “Scotty,” weighed in at a whopping 19,555 kilos (8,870 kg), Dwell Science beforehand reported. However how briskly may such an enormous animal transfer? Beforehand, researchers answered that query by T. rex‘s mass and hip peak, generally incorporating stride size from preserved trackways. These estimates positioned a T. rex‘s strolling pace roughly between 4.5 and 6.7 mph (7.2 and 10.8 km/h), about as quick as a mediocre human runner. For the brand new investigation, moderately than specializing in T. rex‘s legs, scientists as an alternative explored the function performed by the vertical motion of the tyrannosaur’s tail, stated Pasha van Bijlert, a grasp’s candidate learning paleo-biomechanics at the Free College of Amsterdam, and the lead writer of the brand new examine on T. rex strolling pace. “Dinosaur tails have been very important to the way in which they moved round, in a number of methods,” van Bijlert advised Dwell Science in an electronic mail. “Not solely does it function a counter stability, the tail additionally produces a whole lot of the required drive to maneuver the physique ahead. It does this via two giant tail muscular tissues — the caudofemoral muscular tissues — that pull the legs backwards throughout every step.” Passive and lively Within the bipedal (two-legged) T. rex, the tail would have been passively suspended within the air but in addition actively engaged and naturally swaying up and down throughout strolling. “This mix — passive suspension whereas lively in locomotion — is exclusive to dinosaurs; there are not any animals alive at present with this characteristic,” van Bijlert defined. “Due to this, we have been extremely intrigued by its function in the way in which that T. rex would have walked.” As a T. rex tail sways, it shops and releases vitality via stretchy ligaments. When the rhythm of a swinging tail achieves resonance — “the largest motion response with the least quantity of effort” — that rhythm is called the tail’s “pure frequency,” van Bijlert stated. The pure frequency in a T. rex tail would then point out the animal’s step frequency throughout unhurried strolling, the researchers wrote within the new examine, revealed on-line April 21 within the journal Royal Society Open Science. Associated: In photographs: A brand new take a look at T. rex and its family members Standing in because the researchers’ mannequin T. rex was an grownup specimen often known as “Trix,” within the assortment of the Naturalis Biodiversity Heart in Leiden, the Netherlands. The examine authors scanned and modeled Trix’s tail bones, referencing marks on the well-preserved vertebrae that confirmed the place ligaments hooked up. From this digital bone and ligament reconstruction, they created a biomechanical mannequin of the tail. “The tail mannequin offers you a probable step frequency/rhythm for T. rex, however you additionally have to understand how a lot distance it travels with every step,” van Bijlert stated. To search out that, the scientists took the step size of a tyrannosaur that was barely smaller than Trix, scaling it as much as Trix’s dimension. They decided that Trix’s step size could be 6.2 ft (1.9 m), then calculated strolling pace by multiplying the step frequency with step size. “Our baseline mannequin had a most popular strolling pace of two.86 mph [4.6 km/h],” which was considerably slower than earlier estimates of strolling pace, van Bijlert stated within the electronic mail. “Relying on a few of the assumptions concerning the ligaments and the way the vertebrae rotate, you get barely slower or sooner speeds (1.79 to three.67 mph [2.88 to 5.9 km/h]), however throughout the board, they’re all slower than earlier estimates,” he stated. Protecting new floor Nonetheless, there may be nonetheless some uncertainty to this vary, because it focuses on the up-and-down tail actions, “and muscular tissues — in addition to side-to-side motions — usually are not thought of,” John Hutchinson, a professor of evolutionary biomechanics at The Royal Veterinary Faculty in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, advised Dwell Science in an electronic mail. “Nobody of their proper thoughts has thought that dinosaurs had completely inflexible tails (up/down or facet/facet), however it has been a uncared for matter for locomotion,” stated Hutchinson, who was not concerned within the new analysis. “So, this examine covers some new floor in a intelligent approach with an unique mannequin.” The brand new estimate additionally displays “a heavy emphasis on elastic storage,” the examine authors wrote, and the storage capability of tyrannosaur tails may very well be decrease than the mannequin suggests, Hutchinson added. However, this versatile tail mannequin “could be helpful to combine with and evaluate with different approaches sooner or later,” he stated. As for T. rex‘s subsequent steps, the examine authors wish to incorporate their versatile tail into fashions of a working T. rex, van Bijlert stated. Most working pace for a T. rex is considered within the vary of 10 to 25 mph (16 to 40 km/h), in response to Hutchinson. Biomechanics researchers have lengthy proposed that T. rex‘s most working pace could be restricted by the power of its bones, as a result of the animal was so heavy. Nonetheless, a versatile tail may change that by appearing as a shock damper throughout working, “permitting it to run sooner with out breaking its bones,” van Bijlert stated. “We might additionally like to use our technique to extra species, as a result of which may reveal attention-grabbing evolutionary diversifications within the tail’s function in locomotion,” he added. Initially revealed on Dwell Science.

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This is the Environment Report. I’m Rebecca Williams. Crews with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the departments of natural resources from Michigan and Ohio are searching Lake Erie for Asian carp this week. They’re stepping up their sampling efforts because of lab results that showed six water samples from Lake Erie had positive environmental DNA hits for Asian carp. Those water samples were from August 2011. So the teams are now out on the lake to see if they can find any more evidence of bighead or silver carp in the lake. Todd Kalish is the Lake Erie Basin Coordinator with the Michigan DNR and he joins me to talk about the carp search. So, a positive eDNA sample could mean there are live Asian carp in Lake Erie… but there are other possibilities – what else could lead to a positive DNA sample? Todd Kalish: A positive DNA sample basically means that some part of a carp was left behind within 24 hours of a sample being taken. And so it could’ve been a scale or mucus or excrement. Basically what it tells us, and what we assume, that environmental DNA means there was a silver or bighead carp in that area within 24-48 hours of the sampling. RW: So if that genetic material is present, where else could it come from if not from a live carp? TK: Well, it could come from a variety of other areas and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is currently conducting a study to identify where the other potential areas that positive environmental DNA could come from, so like ducks or birds or things like that, that may have picked up environmental DNA in one water body and transferred it to another. So there are other ways of introducing silver or bighead carp DNA into a water body than actually a live carp. RW: What’s the plan if you do find a live carp in the lake or more positive DNA? TK: If a live bighead or silver carp is collected, one of the first things we will do is get as much information about that fish as we possibly can. And so, the fish would be taken to an Ohio DNR or Michigan DNR facility. We would determine whether or not it was reproductively viable, we would age the fish, and then there would also be an enhanced sampling protocol. RW: What would it mean if you discovered that there were a reproducing population of Asian carp in Lake Erie? TK: It could have some significant negative effects on the fisheries community. Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair, which are connected, they provide really good habitat for silver and bighead carp, and we have a very good fisheries community in those two lakes right now. The walleye population is very good and yellow perch population is good, we’ve got smallmouth bass in both of those lakes, and those populations would likely be impacted if there were a reproducing population of silver or bighead carp within Lake Erie or Lake St. Clair. RW: We’ve also had other carp news lately. The Michigan DNR announced last week that a grass carp that was caught in the St. Joseph River in southwest Michigan and it was capable of reproducing. How big of a deal is that? TK: That’s a big deal. Grass carp are a prohibited species in the state of Michigan. And so grass carp are illegal to transport or have in your possession alive. Grass carp are extremely voracious, so they can eat 40-50% of their body weight in one day, and they specifically target vegetation, so they can remove significant amounts of vegetation, which is really critical to sustain a healthy aquatic ecosystem. RW: Todd Kalish is the Lake Erie Basin Coordinator with the Michigan DNR. Thank you so much. TK: Thank you! That’s the Environment Report. I’m Rebecca Williams.

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Carbon accounting and sustainability are growing in popularity, and therefore – it’s important that companies figure out how to reduce their carbon emissions accordingly with accuracy, and that’s where the science-based targets initiative, or SBTi comes into play. What is the SBTi initiative, and is it successful in helping companies to reduce their carbon footprint and fight against climate change? How did the SBTi start? The Science-Based Targets Initiative started back in 2014 with nothing more than a desire to motivate others to mitigate climate change through the help of science. Intrinsic desire to reduce emissions is key to following through with emission reduction goals, but science is the part of the equation that helps companies make educated decisions and implement successful actions that will lead to their climate change goals. In less than a decade, SBTi has gone from a concept to a sought-after global program – acquiring more than 3,000 companies to partake in the SBTi program, including 1,000 additional commitments to the net-zero movement. The Science-Based Targets Initiative now has the ability to set new goals in place following their unprecedented growth – such as advocating for net-zero and making science-based targets the new normal for companies around the world. What is the main goal of the SBTi? In a nutshell, the Science Based Targets initiative, known as SBTi for short – encourages numerous actions to improve the global stance on climate change by providing companies with science-based criteria to assist them in reducing the excessive emissions. The SBTi is partnered with several other programs, such as the CDP, United Nations Global Compact, and the World Resources Institute. The SBTi thrives on utilizing scientific data to demonstrate the dire need for companies around the world to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and fight against climate change. In other words, the SBTi strives to be a mentor to organizations around the globe through the use of their scientific discoveries to create personalized plans for companies to reduce their environmental impact and transition to a world where net-zero will be the new normal. The main goal of the SBTi is to help businesses around the world reduce their emissions through the collection and evaluation of scientific data, and to promote the idea that emissions can be reduced most successfully with the help of science. However, the SBTi has several other goals in mind – such as cultivating an experienced team of experts to harvest new scientific data on a constant basis, provide updated targets as often as possible in conjunction with these new scientific findings, and be a leader in the movement to ensure the globe does not surpass a global surface temperature of 1.5°C. How does applying to be a part of the SBTi work? Applying to partake in the Science-Based Targets Initiative works in a five step process. First, a business or company seeking to reduce their emissions through the SBTi should write and send a letter illustrating their commitment to using science-based targets to improve their carbon footprint. This step isn’t necessary if the company is a small or medium sized enterprise, or any company with less than five hundred employees. A company can register online to send their letter of commitment. Advocating and delineating their commitment to other imperative climate change movements, like net-zero emissions, can help a company be accepted to the SBTi. While your company waits to be accepted by the SBTi, development for a new emission reduction plan should be made in accordance with the science based criteria provided by the SBTi. All companies should develop new emission reduction plans in line with the science based criteria that is available on the Science-Based Targets Initiative website. The SBTi offers personalized assistance to help all companies achieve their environmental goals, as it is imperative that individual businesses strive to meet the requirements provided by their sector. Companies have two years to submit their targets in line with the SBTi after signing their letter of intent. After developing their targets, companies should apply for their new plans to be validated. The SBTi motivates all applying for approval to review the resources provided by the SBTi prudently to avoid any potential delays in approval. In fact, the Science-Based Targets Initiative offers a wide range of documents and services to ensure that your validation process goes smoothly. These include the opportunity to submit a second validation if the first one is not approved, new validation submissions if the new goals are updated to meet the expectations of the SBTi, submissions for financial institutions, and submissions based around achieving net-zero emissions. Once a company has submitted their new targets to the SBTi, a team of specialists review the submission to ensure the goals are in line with the science-based criteria of the Science-Based-Targets Initiative. Regardless if the response is an acceptance or rejection, the SBTi team will provide in-depth feedback following submission of approval. Accountability is one of the most imperative components of achieving any goal. Therefore, it is crucial that companies then share their new environmental goals based on the scientific criteria provided by the SBTi with both consumers and stakeholders immediately. If the new targets are approved by the SBTi, they will be published on the Science-Based Targets Intiative’s official website, as well as on all of their partner pages for maximum visibility and accountability. However, this can only be done if a company ensures that their targets are announced to the public within the first six months following the initial approval. If a company doesn’t make their targets known, then the SBTi will have to review them again. All companies that are approved by the SBTi are required to delineate their progress to the public. The initial targets should be monitored and reviewed annually at minimum to ensure continuous improvement. Assistance on how to report these targets can include providing the public with annual sustainability reports or sharing the progress on your company’s website. What are the benefits of joining the SBTi? The overarching benefit to applying to be a part of the SBTi is to have constant access to the latest science-based data that can allow a company to set emissions based on tangible, numerical evidence. However, it is becoming clear that there are more benefits to using science-based targets than just improving environmental circumstances. One of these benefits, which is vital to business success, is improved brand reputation. Investors, customers, and employees alike are beginning to recognize the importance of contributing to companies that don’t cause the environment any more harm than many already have. As sustainability grows in popularity, companies partaking in initiatives like the SBTi will continue to grow more valuable – as companies that strive to reduce carbon emissions using science can clearly delineate their commitment in the fight against climate change. Joining the SBTi allows for new business opportunities, as investors are beginning to use sustainability and environmental efforts as a prerequisite to investing in any company. While satisfied customers are compulsory for consistent revenue, a business cannot grow without the help of investors – which adds financial value to companies that decide to apply to the SBTi. In any business, staying ahead of the game is essential to success – and by joining the SBTi, a company can be sure that they stay up-to-date with the latest regulations implemented to reduce emissions. This will become pivotal, as the U.S. gets more serious about climate change. Instead of scrambling to adjust business practices to adhere to new environmental regulations, companies a part of the SBTi will always be one step ahead. Those who join the Science-Based Targets Initiative may also notice that their company will save money in places they didn’t expect to – as tailoring business models to reduce emissions can usually increase efficiency, seek renewable energy sources, which ultimately reduce business costs. Perhaps the most exhilarating benefit of joining the SBTi is the opportunity for innovation. Establishing emission reduction tactics through the use of scientific data requires creativity on a new level – and inventiveness can provoke novel ideas and business tactics that a company may not have thought of otherwise if they weren’t reducing emissions through the SBTi. Clearly, there are only good things to come for those who choose to apply for the Science-Based Targets Initiative – but what and who else does the SBTi strive to help? What are other movements that the SBTi advocates for? The SBTi doesn’t want to just help businesses reduce their emissions, but the SBTi strives to bring awareness to other movements that will help improve global emissions – one of the biggest ones being the initiative to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. In fact, the SBTi has started the first global standard to provide companies around the world with a comprehensive guide on how to achieve net-zero emissions, called the Corporate Net-Zero Standard. The Science-Based Targets Initiative values their collaborations, as they believe that governments and businesses must work together in order to achieve their respective goals. This is because while a business may want to implement certain tactics to reduce emissions, it could very well be that a local government doesn’t permit a business to take those actions without further approval. In short, the SBTi believes that decarbonization is more likely when various sectors work together harmoniously. The SBTi recognizes that they aren’t the only global influence that can help to spread the importance of decarbonization around the world. Therefore, the SBTi takes pride in their partnerships with the UNGC, the WWF Climate Business Network, and many other organizations dedicated to raising awareness regarding climate change. Has the SBTi been successful? Given the SBTi started only eight years ago, it has been extremely successful – even separate from its short existence. For instance, last calendar year – the SBTi experienced a time of incredible growth and motivated other corporations to take part in their global decarbonization movement, which resulted in them recruiting twice the amount of companies committing to their scientific based targets than usual. This means that over one hundred new companies were applying to partake in the SBTi monthly. While the SBTi recognizes this amazing accomplishment – they want to do even more, by encouraging all the companies currently enrolled with the SBTi to encourage their associated companies to join the SBTi as well. This shows how the SBTi isn’t willing to pull the brakes on their already monumental success, and illustrates their clear dedication to reducing emissions around the world. It’s difficult enough to figure out how to run a business, and these days – companies need to find ways to be financially successful while also pertaining to sustainability. If you’re looking for an accreditation to demonstrate your company’s commitment to decreasing carbon emissions, as well as open several other doors that could result in multi various benefits for your business – the Science-Based Targets Initiative may be the stepping stone to your company going both green, and big. What about Greenly? If reading this article about the Science-Based Targets Initiative in the U.S. has made you interested in reducing your carbon emission to further fight against climate change – Greenly can help you! Greenly can help you make an environmental change for the better, starting with a carbon footprint assessment to know how much carbon emissions your company produces. Click here to learn more about Greenly and how we can help you reduce your carbon footprint. 🚀 If you enjoyed reading this article, here are a few more : - Why is the Colorado River Threatened by a Water Crisis? - US Wildfires Destroy Carbon Offsets - Reforestation: Our Guide to Sustainable Companies - How to implement a CSR approach in your company - All You Need to Know About Fast Fashion

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Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in Limoges, France, in 1841. A leading Impressionist painter was one of the most famous artists of the early twentieth century. After years as a struggling painter, Renoir helped launch the artistic movement of Impressionism in 1870s. He eventually became one of the most highly regarded artists of his time. He lived long enough to see one of his works bought by the Louvre in 1919. He died in Cagnes-sur-Mer, France, in 1919.

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Next-gen nuclear bunkers There are a number of reasons why a disaster shelter might be built. Along the east coast of the United States and parts of the Asian coastline, they protect people from hurricanes, flooding and typhoons. In earthquake-prone regions, they shelter people from falling buildings and provide an escape route from surface rubble when all is clear. And typically across the Great Plains of the US, simple but sturdy shelters offer a safe subterranean retreat from tornadoes wreaking havoc on the surface. Nuclear bunkers are the most robust of these shelters. They’re designed to provide comprehensive safety from anything nature or man can throw at them, plus life support for many months – and even years for the most sophisticated examples. Smaller varieties tend to come pre-assembled, but larger and bespoke shelters are usually installed on site. The modern shape is a corrugated curve, made of fibreglass and composite, fire retardant and even bulletproof (for the entrance) materials. They’re designed to avoid tensile loads, while seismic joints can withstand the kind of forces an 8.5-magnitude earthquake might yield. Modern nuclear bunkers are sealed to prevent contamination from nuclear fallout and also to keep deadly radon gas and airborne toxins out, including weaponised viruses and bacteria. In addition, an ‘overpressure choking’ system with no moving parts prevents a nearby blast from causing excessive pressure inside the shelter. New nuclear bunkers are still a profitable business today despite the decades that have passed since the Cold War ended. While they are a fascinating feature for any household to have, we can only hope that no one ever has to use them for their intended purpose.

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esearchers have analyzed carbon-rich meteorites (carbonaceous chondrites) and found amino acids, which are used to make proteins. Proteins are among the most important molecules in life, used to make structures like hair and skin, and to speed up or regulate chemical reactions. They have also found components used to make DNA, the molecule that carries the instructions for how to build and regulate a living organism, as well as other biologically important molecules like nitrogen heterocycles, sugar-related organic compounds, and compounds found in modern metabolism. This photo compares the sample size typically used in meteorite studies (yellow oval) to the sample size used with the new equipment (blue circle) in Goddard's Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory. Image Credit: Michael Callahan This equipment is used by Goddard's Astrobiology Analytical Lab to analyze very small samples. On the right is the nanoelectrospray emitter, which gives sample molecules an electric charge and transfers them to the inlet of the mass spectrometer (left), which identifies the molecules by their mass. Image Credit: Michael Callahan However, these carbon-rich meteorites are relatively rare, comprising less than five percent of recovered meteorites, and meteorites make up just a portion of the extraterrestrial material that comes to Earth. Also, the building-block molecules found in them usually have been at low concentrations, typically parts-per-million or parts-per-billion. This raises the question of how significant their supply of raw material was. However, Earth constantly receives other extraterrestrial material – mostly in the form of dust from comets and asteroids. "Despite their small size, these interplanetary dust particles may have provided higher quantities and a steadier supply of extraterrestrial organic material to early Earth," said Michael Callahan of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "Unfortunately, there have been limited studies examining their organic composition, especially with regards to biologically relevant molecules that may have been important for the origin of life, due to the miniscule size of these samples." Callahan and his team at Goddard's Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory have recently applied advanced technology to inspect extremely small meteorite samples for the components of life. "We found amino acids in a 360 microgram sample of the Murchison meteorite," said Callahan. "This sample size is 1,000 times smaller than the typical sample size used." A microgram is one-millionth of a gram; 360 micrograms is about the weight of a few eyebrow hairs. 28.35 grams equal an ounce. "Our study was for proof-of-concept," adds Callahan. "Murchison is a well-studied meteorite. We got the same results looking at a very small fragment as we did a much larger fragment from the same meteorite. These techniques will allow us to investigate other small-scale extraterrestrial materials such as micrometeorites, interplanetary dust particles, and cometary particles in future studies." Callahan is lead author of a paper on this research available online in the Journal of Chromatography A. Analyzing such tiny samples is extremely challenging. "Extracting much less meteorite powder translates into having much lower amino acid concentration for analyses," said Callahan. "Therefore we need the most sensitive techniques available. Also, since meteorite samples can be highly complex, techniques that are highly specific for these compounds are necessary too." The team used a nanoflow liquid chromatography instrument to sort the molecules in the meteorite sample, then applied nanoelectrospray ionization to give the molecules an electric charge and deliver them to a high-resolution mass spectrometer instrument, which identified the molecules based on their mass. "We are pioneering the application of these techniques for the study of meteoritic organics," said Callahan. "These techniques can be highly finicky, so just getting results was the first challenge." "I'm particularly interested in analyzing cometary particles from the Stardust mission," adds Callahan. "It's one of the reasons why I came to NASA. When I first saw a photo of the aerogel used to capture particles for the Stardust mission, I was hooked." "This technology will also be extremely useful to search for amino acids and other potential chemical biosignatures in samples returned from Mars and eventually plume materials from the outer planet icy moons Enceladus and Europa," said Daniel Glavin of the Astrobiology lab at Goddard, a co-author on the paper. This technology and the laboratory techniques that the Goddard lab develops to apply it to analyze meteorites will be valuable for future sample-return missions since the amount of sample likely will be limited. "Missions involving the collection of extraterrestrial material for sample return to Earth usually collect only a very small amount and the samples themselves can be extremely small as well," said Callahan. "The traditional techniques used to study these materials usually involve inorganic or elemental composition. Targeting biologically relevant molecules in these samples is not routine yet. We are not there either, but we are getting there." The research was funded by the NASA Astrobiology Institute, the Goddard Center for Astrobiology and the NASA Cosmochemistry Program.Bill Steigerwald Bill Steigerwald | EurekAlert! APEX takes a glimpse into the heart of darkness 25.05.2018 | Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie First chip-scale broadband optical system that can sense molecules in the mid-IR 24.05.2018 | Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science The more electronics steer, accelerate and brake cars, the more important it is to protect them against cyber-attacks. That is why 15 partners from industry and academia will work together over the next three years on new approaches to IT security in self-driving cars. The joint project goes by the name Security For Connected, Autonomous Cars (SecForCARs) and has funding of €7.2 million from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Infineon is leading the project. Vehicles already offer diverse communication interfaces and more and more automated functions, such as distance and lane-keeping assist systems. At the same... A research team led by physicists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has developed molecular nanoswitches that can be toggled between two structurally different states using an applied voltage. They can serve as the basis for a pioneering class of devices that could replace silicon-based components with organic molecules. The development of new electronic technologies drives the incessant reduction of functional component sizes. In the context of an international collaborative... At the LASYS 2018, from June 5th to 7th, the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH) will be showcasing processes for the laser material processing of tomorrow in hall 4 at stand 4E75. With blown bomb shells the LZH will present first results of a research project on civil security. At this year's LASYS, the LZH will exhibit light-based processes such as cutting, welding, ablation and structuring as well as additive manufacturing for... There are videos on the internet that can make one marvel at technology. For example, a smartphone is casually bent around the arm or a thin-film display is rolled in all directions and with almost every diameter. From the user's point of view, this looks fantastic. From a professional point of view, however, the question arises: Is that already possible? At Display Week 2018, scientists from the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP will be demonstrating today’s technological possibilities and... So-called quantum many-body scars allow quantum systems to stay out of equilibrium much longer, explaining experiment | Study published in Nature Physics Recently, researchers from Harvard and MIT succeeded in trapping a record 53 atoms and individually controlling their quantum state, realizing what is called a... 25.05.2018 | Event News 02.05.2018 | Event News 13.04.2018 | Event News 25.05.2018 | Event News 25.05.2018 | Machine Engineering 25.05.2018 | Life Sciences

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According to Luke’s Gospel, why were Joseph and Mary in Bethlehem when Jesus was born? A. They lived there B. They were registering for the census C. Mary wanted to be closer to her family D. It was spring break “Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus, that a census be taken of all the inhabited earth. This was the first census taken while Quirinius was governor of Syria. And all the people were on their way to register for the census, each to his own city. Now Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the city of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David, in order to register along with Mary, who was betrothed to him, and was pregnant. While they were there, the time came for her to give birth.” Luke 2:1-6 (NASB)

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The protoplanetary disk circling a young star has suddenly disappeared, leaving behind a big mystery. A dusty disk around a distant star has faded surprisingly fast, leaving scientists few clues to how it disappeared. Only a few years ago, the space around the star TYC 8241 2652 1 was filled with dust and gas, but recent observations show the region — an ideal spot for alien planets to form — has all but vanished. "It's like the classic magician's trick: Now you see it, now you don't," principal investigator Carl Melis of the University of California, San Diego said in a statement. "Only in this case, we're talking about enough dust to fill an inner solar system, and it really is gone!" The star is 450 light-years away, in the constellation Centaurus. At 10 million years old, it is a younger version of our 4.5-billion-year-old sun. Tiny specks of dust orbiting a star absorb its energy and shine in infrared light. As the glow brightens and dims, astronomers can estimate how much material surrounds the star. The disk around the star TYC 8241 2652 1 was discovered in 1983 and remained relatively constant for 2 1/2 decades. Scientists estimated that 1,000 trillion grains of dust — the equivalent of all the sand on the beaches of Earth — circled this younger version of our sun. But in 2009, things changed. Observations by the Gemini South telescope in Chile and several other instruments found that the infrared light emitted by the dust had dropped by more than half. In subsequent studies, the amount of dust around the star had all but vanished, dropping by a factor of nearly 30 in two years.

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1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data We were provided with the dimentions and specifications for a highway sign, and given assumptions for weight and wind forces acting on it. Firstly, we had to calculate the reactions at the base. And then draw stress blocks and Mohr's circle for four points on the base of the section. Now I need to determine a suitable bolt size and orientation for the base plate supporting the sign. I'm a bit unsure of how to do this. I basically just need to make a reasonable assumption (say, four bolts) and test what size diameter bolt I would require in order to be sufficient (using manufacturer specs as a guide to their tensile and shear strength, and a factor of safety of 1.5). But I'm getting myself a bit muddled. In the normal textbook problems it's simple because the force is provided. But I don't know whether I use the stresses from my stress blocks to determine the force on the bolts? Or just my reactions? We can ignore bending of the base plate, I just need to know where I get my values for my forces from? 2. Relevant equations tau = V/A sigma = F/A 3. The attempt at a solution See above.

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Pneumonia, diarrhoeal diseases and malaria are the biggest killers of children in the tropics. Malaria is the recipient of major funding efforts from the World Bank, the Global Fund, US President’s Malaria Initiative, DfID, Unicef plus many other bilateral, corporate and NGO donors. Efforts to place a spotlight on diarrhoeal diseases and prevent mortality using oral rehydration in the 1980s and ’90s never really took off. Pneumonia likewise has been a neglected disease. The fate of pneumonia may change this year. One reports that during this year’s “World Health Day, a group of organizations and activists launched an effort to encourage the United Nations to declare November 2nd as World Pneumonia Day. Pneumonia which is the leading killer of children around the world taking upwards of 2 million lives of children under 5 every year is rarely discussed in the media as a childhood killer and is often thought of only as a disease of the elderly.” GAVI observes that, “Pneumonia has been overshadowed as a priority on the global health agenda, and rarely receives coverage in news media. World Pneumonia Day will help bring this health crisis to the public’s attention and will encourage policy makers and grass roots organizers alike to combat the disease.” Likewise Save the Children says, “We’re thrilled that so many people and organizations want to join forces for World Pneumonia Day to reduce the impact of the largest killer of children. Through our efforts, we expect to change the lives of millions of young children and parents by making childhood pneumonia deaths a part of history.” Attention to Pneumonia does not detract from efforts to control malaria. In fact the attached maps from the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) and pneumoADIP show that the two diseases share common ground in the tropics. What is needed is an integrated at the community and household level that empowers local people to prevent and control childhood diseases through such actions as prompt and appropriate home management, hand washing, bednet use and vaccination. Coordination at the local level is the key to success. District health systems must be strengthened for us to realize the full potential that communities have to deliver the goods for child survival.

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Home Computer Science Arithmetic and Logic Unit Organisation Table of Contents: Every computer has machine-level instructions that perform numerous arithmetic and logic operations on data operands, both integer and real (floating-point) numbers, as well as characters and character strings given in the program to accomplish various tasks. To understand how these operations are being carried out, one should first know how numbers and characters are represented in a computer, and how they are then manipulated by appropriate algorithms for basic arithmetic and logic operations. The most natural way to represent a number in a computer system is straightaway by a string of bits, called a binary number, and a text character similarly can also be represented by a distinct string of bits called a character code. Numerical Representations: Number Systems The numerical values of various quantities used in every sphere of life are basically represented in two ways, namely analog and digital. But we are, at present, concerned only with the issues related to digital number systems. However, number can also be expressed in many different ways using different numbering system: the most common ones are the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems, yet the decimal system is the most familiar one because of its everyday use. Moreover, conversions between each of these number systems are most regular and are often carried out to accomplish various tasks. The decimal system is composed of ten different numerals or symbols or digits, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, and as such, the base or radix(r) of this decimal system is 10. It is a positional-value system in which the value of a digit depends on its position. The various positions of the digits in the number relative to the decimal point carry different weights that can be expressed as powers (both positive and negative) of 10, the radix. The presence of decimal point, however, actually separates the positive power of 10 from its negative powers. However, the value of a number in decimal system is then calculated by summing up all multiplied values, individually of each digit with an integer power of 10 (the radix). In general, any number is simply the sum of the products of each digit value and its positional value. Unfortunately, the decimal number system seems to be not suitable to lend itself to convenient implementation in digital systems. Almost every digital system uses the binary (base-2) number system as the basic number system for its operations. Other number systems, however, are often used to interpret or represent binary quantities for the convenience of the users who work with these digital systems. In the binary system, there are only two symbols or possible digit values, 0 and 1 (don't confuse this 0 and 1 with the decimal 0 and 1), and hence, the radix or the base of this system is 2, and the binary digit is often abbreviated to the term bit. Even with such a relatively small base, this base-2 system can be used at ease to represent any quantity that can be represented in decimal or in other number systems. The binary system is also a positional-value system, wherein each binary digit has its own value or weight expressed as a power of 2 (the base or radix). All types of conversions from binary to decimal and decimal to binary, including their fractional representations, are given in the website: http://routledge.com/9780367255732. Hexadecimal and Octal System The hexadecimal (in short hex) number system uses 16 possible digit symbols, digit 0-9 plus the letters А, В, C, D, E, and F, and hence, it has the base 16. The digit positions as usual are weighted as powers of 16. The octal system uses eight possible digits, namely 0, 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 7, and hence, it implies base 8. The digit positions here are thus weighted as powers of 8. Similar to the decimal system, here also the value of a number in both the systems is calculated by summing up all multiplied values, individually of each digit with an integer power of their respective base (radix, r). The relationship between hexadecimal, octal, decimal, and binary number systems is simple. Since the base of the hexadecimal system is 16 (= 24), and that of an octal system is 8 (= 23), each hexadecimal digit represents a group of four binary digits and each octal digit represents a group of three binary digits. It is important to note that hex digits A through F are equivalent to the decimal values 10-15. All types of conversions from one to another of all these number systems, including their fractional representations, are given in the website: http://routledge.com/9780367255732. Merits of Hex and Octal Systems Hex and octal systems are often used in a digital system as one kind of a shorthand way to conveniently represent strings of longer sequence of binary digits (bits) in situations when human involvement is associated. Since, in today's computer environment, bit strings as long as 64 bits are not very uncommon, it is more convenient and less error-prone to write the binary numbers in hex or octal, and it is then relatively easy to convert back and forth between binary and either hex or octal. The conversion can be executed relatively quickly without going through any intermediate computations that make one to realize the effectiveness as well as the usefulness of this tool in digital systems. BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) Code When numbers, letters, or words are represented by a special group of symbols, it is said to be encoded, and the group of symbols is simply called a code. All digital systems use some form of binary numbers for their internal operation, but the external world is still decimal in nature. This requires frequent conversions between decimal and binary systems that become quite complicated and even long for large numbers. For this reason, a means of encoding decimal numbers that combines some features of both the decimal and the binary systems is used in certain situations. If each digit of a decimal number is represented straightaway by its binary equivalent, the result is a code, called binary-coded-decimal (hereafter abbreviated as BCD). Since a decimal digit can be as large as 9, four bits are required to code each decimal digit, and only the four bit numbers from 0000 through 1001 are used (the binary code of 9 is 10012). In other words, only the 10 combinations out of the 16 possible 4-bit binary combinations are used here as code groups. As a result, BCD code always requires more bits than the straight equivalent binary code of a decimal number, and is therefore somewhat inefficient. To illustrate the BCD code, take a decimal number 235, in which each decimal digit is changed to its corresponding binary equivalent to express it in BCD code, and side by side, its straight binary equivalent is also shown. It is important to note that BCD is not another number system such as decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. In fact, it is precisely the decimal system with each decimal digit converted to its binary equivalent, without considering the number as an entity; whereas, the binary representation of a decimal number takes the complete decimal number by value and represents it in binary. However, the distinct advantage of the BCD code lies in the relative ease of converting it to and from decimal, and is especially significant from a hardware point of view, because in a digital system, it is the logic circuits that perform the conversions to and from decimal. When multiple input conditions in digital circuit are continuously changing almost at the same time at very high speeds, the situation may be misinterpreted, leading to an erroneous outcome. For example, with a 3-bit number, when the number 3 (binary Oil) changes to 4 (binary 100), all three bits individually must change their states at the same time. In order to reduce the likelihood of a digital circuit misinterpreting a changing input, and also to facilitate such changes faster, the Gray code has been evolved as a way to represent a sequence of numbers. The unique aspect of the Gray code is that only one bit ever changes between two successive numbers in the sequence. The mechanisms and its related circuits to convert a binary code to its corresponding Gray code, and vice versa, and also a table of 3-bit binary and corresponding Gray code values are shown in the website: http://routledge.com/9780367255732. Number Representations: Binary Systems Any arbitrary number can thus be represented with just the binary digits 0 and 1. Ingeneral, if an и-bit sequence of binary digits b„_A-2 ...fra>is given, where bk = 0 or 1 for0 < к < n - 1, then this sequence can represent unsigned integer values V in the range 0 to2"_1, where For non-negative integers, this representation is simple and straightforward. For example, with a 6-bit sequence (n = 6), it is possible to represent the numbers from 0 to 26 - 1,i.e. from 0 to 63, as (0 = 000000,1 = 000001, ..., 63 = 111111). Similarly, the negative integersneed to be properly represented along with the positive integers. In fact, out of severalavailable conventions, the following three systems are of common interest to representsuch numbers: • Sign-magnitude; • l's (one's) complement;}} • most significant (leftmost) bit represents the sign of the number, and the rightmost (n - 1) bits of an и-bit word hold the magnitude of the integer. Sign-magnitude representation, however, suffers from several critical drawbacks, including two different representations of 0 (e.g. + 010 = 000000, and - 010 = 100000), and as such summarily being dropped from favour while integer arithmetic is implemented in the hardware (ALU) of the computer. ’s (One’s) Complement Representation This representation also makes use of the leftmost bit of the binary number to represent the sign. But it differs from the sign-magnitude representation in the way in which the other bits are interpreted. Here, the negative value of a number is obtained by simply complementing each bit of the corresponding positive number, including the sign bit. As a result, all positive integers in this representation have the leftmost bit always equal to 0, and all negative integers necessarily have the leftmost bit equal to 1. While this representation is more or less consistent for all types of integer arithmetic carried out by the hardware (ALU) of the computer, similar to sign-magnitude, this representation also suffers from the same drawback: the digit 0 here also has two different representations (+ 010 = 000000, and - 010 = 111111). ’s (Two’s) Complement Representation In order to alleviate the limitations and drawbacks of the above-mentioned two methods, the most common scheme to represent negative numbers is 2's (two's) complement representation in which the most significant (leftmost) bit is also used here as sign bit. But it differs from the other two methods in the way in which the other bits of the integer are interpreted here. The 2's complement of a positive number is obtained by taking the Boolean complement of each bit of the corresponding positive number (as is done in l's complement), and then adding 1 to the resulting bit pattern viewing it as an unsigned integer. Most important is that the number 0 is identified as positive, and therefore has a 0 sign bit and a magnitude of Os in all remaining bits. For a «-bit positive number, the sign bit, bn _ v is always zero, and the remaining bits in the number represent the magnitude of the number in the same manner as usual. Therefore, the range of positive integers that can be represented is from 0 to 2""1 - 1 (the largest integer is 2" ~1 - 1, with the sign bit zero, and all of the magnitude bits here are 1). Any large number beyond this range would then require more bits to represent. For a и-bit negative number, the sign bit, bn _,, is 1, and the remaining « - 1 bits together can take on any one of the 2” ~1 values. Therefore, the range of the negative integers that can be represented with « bits is from -1 to -2" ~ b It is always attempted to assign the weight to the bit of negative integer in such a way that arithmetic operation can be handled straightaway. In unsigned integer representation, to compute the value of an integer from the bit representation, the weight of the most significant bit is +2" ~ b For a representation with a sign bit, it turns out that the desired arithmetic properties can be achieved, if the weight of the most significant bit is made -2" ~ b This is the convention used in 2's (two's) complement representation, which finally gives the following expression to symbolize negative numbers: This equation is ultimately able to define the 2's (two's) complement representation for both positive and negative «-bit integers. For positive numbers, the sign bit b„ _, = 0, which makes the term -2" ~ 1bll _, = (), and the above equation then reduces to the usual definition of a non-negative integer. For negative numbers, the sign bit bn _ г = 1, which makes the first term to -2" ~1 which is to be then added with summation term: i.e. 2" ~1 is to be subtracted from the summation term to yield a negative integer. The 2's (two's) complement system is the most efficient method for performing important arithmetic operations, addition and subtraction, although it appears to be a somewhat unnatural representation from the human point of view. Still, it is almost universally accepted for use as the processor representation for all types of integers. Conversion: Decimal to 2’s Complement and Vice Versa The nature of the 2's (two's) complement representation can be usefully exhibited with the help of a graphical device, like a value box, in which the value on the far right of the box is 1 (i.e. 2°), and each succeeding position to the left is double in value (i.e. the power of 2 is incremented by 1), until the leftmost position which is negated (Figure 7.1a). It is clear from Figure 7.1a that the highest negative 2'scomplement number that can be represented is -2"" b If any of the bits other than the sign bit is 1, it adds a positive amount to the number. Abnormality: Although the 2's complement operation is always valid to derive the negation of any signed integers, there are two unusual cases that should be taken into account. The first one is that the 2's complement (i.e. negation) of number 0 expressed in 8-bit representation gives rise to a carry 1 in the ninth bit position. If it is ignored, the correct result is obtained, which means that the negation of 0 is 0 as it should be. Ignoring this carry-out is, however, a natural approach in order to obtain the correct result. The second unusual case seems to be even more critical. If a number is taken having a bit pattern of 1 followed by n -1 zeros, the 2's complement operation of this number (i.e. negation) will revert back the same number (including the sign) which should not be. The number 10000000 (2's complement representation of-128) when are made 2's complemented, the same number (including the sign) is once again obtained, which is definitely an abnormality. Value box representation for conversion between 2's complement binary and decimal, (a) An eight position 2's (two's) complement value box, (b) conversion of binary 2's complement value 10000101 to decimal, and (c) conversion of decimal -115 to binary 2's complement value. Conversion between different bit lengths: It is often necessary to represent a number of an я-bit integer to another form of m-bits where m>n. The prescribed rule for converting 2's complement n-bit integers to m-bit integers is to move the sign bit to the new leftmost position and fill all other extended bits with copies of the sign bit. For positive numbers, fill in extended bits with zeros, and for negative numbers, fill in those with ones. This action is usually called sign extension. A brief detail with explanation of all these topics is given in the website: http://routledge. com/9780367255732.

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History in the United States Distribution and Habitat in the United States Description and Biology - Plant: bulbous herbaceous annual to 20 in. in height (nodding star-of-Bethlehem) or 12 in. (sleepydick). - Leaves: basal, linear, narrow, and succulent with parallel veins, 0.3-0.6 in. wide (nodding); grasslike and less than ¼ in. wide (sleepydick). - Flowers, fruits and seeds: flower is a “perianth” consisting of 6 petal-like structures called tepals that are white with a wide central green stripe on the outer or underside; flowers occur in racemes; fruits are 3-angled-capsules which are broadly ovoid. - Spreads: by bulbils and seeds. - Look-alikes: other spring-flowering herbaceous bulbous plants. Ditylenchus dipsaci infects and damages live, soft or necrotic bulb of Ornithogalum Foodplant / pathogen Hyacinth Mosaic virus infects and damages live, light and dark green blotched peduncle of Ornithogalum Foodplant / pathogen Ornithogalum Mosaic virus infects and damages live, light and dark green blotched peduncle of Ornithogalum Molecular Biology and Genetics Statistics of barcoding coverage Specimens with Sequences:149 Specimens with Barcodes:123 Species With Barcodes:50 Prevention and Control Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems Ecological Threat in the United States Ornithogalum is a genus of perennial plants mostly native to southern Europe and southern Africa belonging to the family Hyacinthaceae. There are some species native to other areas such as the Caucasus. Growing from a bulb, it has grass-like basal leaves and a slender stalk, up to 30 cm tall, bearing clusters of star-shaped white flowers striped with green. There are about 150 species, of which the best known are O. umbellatum, O. saundersii, O. arabicum and O. thyrsoides. - O. arabicum (Star-of-Bethlehem) - O. dubium (Sun Star) - O. longibracteatum (Pregnant Onion/False Sea Onion) - O. maculatum (Snake Flower) - O. narbonense (Pyramidal Star-of-Bethlehem) - O. nutans (Drooping Star-of-Bethlehem) - O. pyrenaicum (Bath Asparagus/Prussian Asparagus/Spiked Star-of-Bethlehem) - O. umbellatum (Common Star-of-Bethlehem) - O. thyroides (Chincherinchee) Other species of Ornithogalum include: - O. britteniae - O. neurostegium - O. canadense - O. clanwilliamae-gloria - O. conicum - O. cooperi - O. flaccidum - O. fragrans - O. graminifolium - O. imbricatum - O. saundersii Giant chincherinchee - O. strictum Ornithogalum saundersii (syn. O. saundersiae) was named after Charles Saunders Some of the plants in the genus are poisonous, and have been known to kill grazing animals. Others are edible and used as vegetables. These flowers' bulbs contain alkaloids and cardenolides, which are toxic. - ^ a b "Ornithogalum Linnaeus". Flora of North America. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=123199. - ^ "Ornithogalum L.". Ornamental Plants From Russia And Adjacent States Of The Former Soviet Union. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=120&taxon_id=123199. - ^ International Flower Bulb Centre: Ornithogalum - ^ AP Dold (2003). "The rediscovery of Ornithogalum britteniae (Hyacinthaceae) and an amendment to the description". South African Journal of Botany 69 (4): 500–504. http://www.ajol.info/viewarticle.php?id=12306&jid=118&layout=abstract To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!

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What is the Lottery? The lottery is a game of chance in which participants purchase chances to win prizes, including money and goods. The winners are selected by random drawing. The prizes vary from small items to large sums of money. The prize amounts depend on the specific rules of each lottery. The game is regulated by government agencies to ensure fairness and legality. The lottery has been used by governments to raise revenue for a variety of purposes, including public works projects and social welfare programs. Among the most basic elements in any lottery is a way to record bettors’ identities, the amounts staked by each, and the numbers or symbols that are placed as stakes. This can be as simple as a bettor writing his or her name on a ticket that is then deposited with the lottery organization for subsequent shuffling and selection in the drawing, or it can involve a computer system that keeps track of tickets and stakes. Some lotteries use a network of retail shops in which players can buy tickets and place stakes. Others sell tickets online or via telephone. Computers are increasingly used for storing information about large numbers of tickets and generating random winning combinations. In the Low Countries in the 15th century, lotteries were used to raise funds for town fortifications and to aid poor people. They were popular with voters, who tended to prefer a small chance of winning a great deal over an even greater chance of losing little. But the lottery’s success was also a function of economic fluctuation: as incomes fell, unemployment rose, and poverty rates increased, so did ticket sales. For politicians confronting budgetary crises, lotteries were a kind of “budgetary miracle” that allowed them to maintain existing services without raising taxes—and thus avoiding an angry backlash at the polls. As one historian has noted, a lot of the early appeal of the lottery was its tangled connection with the slave trade: George Washington managed a lottery that included human beings as prizes and a formerly enslaved man won a South Carolina lottery and went on to foment a slave rebellion. Many defenders of the lottery argue that its popularity is proof that players understand how unlikely it is to win, or at least that they enjoy gambling anyway. But the evidence does not support that claim: lottery sales increase as unemployment rises, poverty rates climb, and incomes stagnate; they also rise in areas where there is more exposure to advertising. The fact that the expected value of a lottery ticket is negative teaches players to treat it as entertainment, not investment. It helps them save money, improve their patience, and learn the value of planning ahead. It also teaches them to be careful about the money they spend. They should not expect that a lottery jackpot will replace a full-time job or change their standard of living, and they should set aside a fixed amount of money to play the lottery.

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The concept of constitutional supremacy refers to the fundamental principle that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and any law, decree, or regulation that conflicts with it is deemed void. In countries that abide by this principle, the judiciary is empowered to review legislative and executive actions and strike them down if they contravene the Constitution. 1. Origins of Constitutional Supremacy: The roots of this concept can be traced to social contract theories, where the state and its citizens enter an implicit or explicit agreement. The Constitution embodies this agreement and thus holds paramount importance over any other law. 2. Underlying Rationale: The primary rationale behind the supremacy of the Constitution is to ensure: - Consistency in laws and policies - Protection of fundamental rights of citizens - Checks and balances on the powers of different arms of the government 3. The Role of Judiciary: In countries that adhere to the doctrine of constitutional supremacy, the judiciary plays a pivotal role. Courts have the authority to interpret the Constitution and, in doing so, can declare legislative or executive actions unconstitutional. This process is often referred to as “judicial review.” 4. Constitutional Supremacy vs. Parliamentary Supremacy: While countries like the USA, India, and South Africa follow the principle of constitutional supremacy, others, such as the UK, adhere to parliamentary supremacy. In the latter, the parliament’s laws are supreme, and there isn’t a codified constitution to challenge its decisions. The choice between these two models often reflects historical, political, and cultural factors unique to each nation. 5. Limitations and Challenges: - Overreach: One of the criticisms of constitutional supremacy, especially where judicial review is active, is the potential for judicial overreach. Detractors argue that unelected judges might have undue influence over public policy. - Rigidity: Another challenge is rigidity. Since the Constitution is supreme, making necessary changes can be cumbersome, requiring elaborate amendment procedures. 6. Constitutional Supremacy in Practice: In practice, constitutional supremacy has often been a beacon of hope for those advocating for civil rights, justice, and the rule of law. It provides an avenue to challenge oppressive laws and brings about societal reforms. - In the USA, the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education saw the Supreme Court striking down racial segregation in public schools, asserting the Constitution’s supremacy. - In India, the doctrine of the “basic structure” ensures that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution’s essential features, preserving the Constitution’s sanctity and supremacy. Constitutional supremacy is foundational in ensuring that a nation’s values, principles, and rights are preserved and protected against potential governmental overreach. While the principle has its critics and is not without challenges, it remains a cornerstone of democratic governance in many nations. The exact contours and implications of constitutional supremacy vary from one jurisdiction to another, but its essence remains the preservation of the rule of law and the protection of individual rights.

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When and where was the first mirror invented? - … The first mirrors used by people were most likely to be a pool of water where they could observe their reflection and consider it magic.The first man-made mirrors were typically made of polished stone such as black volcanic glass obsidian and some examples of this kind of mirrors were found in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) and have been dated to around 6000BC. Chemistry KS3 & KS4/GCSE: How reinforced concrete … 2020-8-8 · Mark Miodownik puts the properties of reinforced concrete to the test. He watches as a beam of concrete withstands a load of 2.5 tonnes. Even though cracks are present in the lower portion of the How ‘Bernie Bros’ Were Invented, Then Smeared as … 2020-3-12 · Mailing Address CounterPunch PO Box 228 Petrolia, CA 95558 Telephone 1(707) 629-3683 An Introduction to Spanish Paella - The Spruce Eats The pan is sometimes called a paellera, although there is some disagreement among Spaniards about the use of this word. It is a large, flat, open round steel pan with handles. Use Boa Rice or Medium-Grain Rice – For best results, use the boa variety of rice, which is an almost round rice grain from Levante (the eastern coast of Spain). If metallurgy | Definition & History | Britannica History of metallurgy. The present-day use of metals is the culmination of a long path of development extending over approximately 6,500 years. It is generally agreed that the first known metals were gold, silver, and copper, which occurred in the native or metallic state, of which the earliest were in all probability nuggets of gold found in the sands and gravels of riverbeds. Israel’s mobile missile defence system: What is the … 2014-7-9 · Israel earmarked about $1 billion for the technology, with plans to buy as many as 15 batteries. A single battery costs about $50 million , while each of … The World’s Leading Nations for Innovation and … 2011-10-3 · Israel has the highest concentration of engineers in the world—135 per 10,000 people, compared to 85 per 10,000 people in the United States. Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Korea, … Markforged Metal 3D Printer: The Metal X 3D Printing … 2020-8-3 · The Metal X metal 3D printer is a manufacturing solution that cost effectively prints parts using tool and stainless steel, inconel, titanium and other alloys. How is Iron Refined from Ore? (with pictures) 2020-7-29 · Steel is a form of iron mixed together with 0.5% - 1.5% carbon but no oxygen, silies, or other impurities. This metal is much more difficult to work than wrought iron, but is greatly stronger. Iron can be mixed together with various other elements to create alloys with desired properties, such as lightness or resistance to rust (stainless The Untold Story of Christian Zionism''s Rise to Power … T he largest pro-Israel organization in the United States is not composed of Jews, but of Christian evangelicals, with a total meership of 7 million, more than 2 million more meers than the 20 Clever Inventions You Probably Didn''t Know Were … High quality steel was produced, almost two thousand years before it was understood by the West. One of the most remarkable feat in metallurgy: creating a seamless celestial globe, was invented in The History of Concrete - InterNACHI® 2020-3-19 · Ransome started building with steel-reinforced concrete in 1877 and patented a system that used twisted square rods to improve the bond between steel and concrete. Most of the structures he built were industrial. Hennebique started building steel-reinforced homes in France in the late 1870s. Industrialization guide - Victoria 2 Wiki 2020-6-8 · The danger of early industrialization. Industrializing early is difficult for even the most powerful nations. Artisans start out more efficient than industry and as a result will put factories out of business; The World Market doesn''t have enough resources (e.g. they are not extracted efficiently and in sufficient quantity) to fuel mass production. Lebanon SITREP: Letter from a Lebanese friend | The 2020-8-5 · This was just sent to me by a good Lebanese friend: Huge disaster, investigation underway, on face value was caused by utter negligence, corruption and incompetence of Lebanese state, but I am one of those that has been stressing that the enemies could have exploited this state negligence and corruption to trigger this disaster through sabotage. Neri Oxman: Material Ecology Operating at the intersection of technology and biology, designer Neri Oxman and her team are calling for a systemic change in the way we design the built environment, evolving from consuming Nature to augmenting her. MoMA Exhibition Feb 22–May 25, 2020. The Pan Page - A Forum for the Steel Pan Instrument The Pan Page - a forum for the steel pan instrument. Information about pan building and tuning. Listings of steelbands, tuners, companies, organisations and pan events. MoA - Industrial Accidents In Iran Are Just That Incidents happen everywhere but if they happen in Iran they are used to feed the empire propaganda..same old tactic to reinforce the false myth of israel able to do impossible things.Sure the zionists would like to do such things but here it''s different..they don''t deal with unarmed civilians as they do daily.''s much easier to shoot a boy holding a flag of his people and it''s much easier The warrior monks who invented banking - BBC News The warrior monks who invented banking. and making a fortune. He bought and sold nothing: all he had was a desk and an inkstand. The simple steel box that changed the face of global trade. 11 Innovations That Changed History - HISTORY From pioneering inventions to bold scientific and medical advancements, find out more about 11 innovations that changed the course of human history. Steel Pan Tuning - Sticks 2015-4-17 · Steel drums for panmaking; Definitions of vocabulary; Names and addresses; References & Index; 15. Sticks. The first steel pans were beaten with wooden sticks. When the instrument evolved further it was found that damping of the stick could reduce the amount of overtones in the notes and make the sound more mellow. Eating Utensils History and Facts Eating utensils represent one of the driving forces who helped us to become what we are today. Developed in the earliest parts of our history, they stayed with us through countless ages and evolved in accordance to our technology, available foods and changing tastes. Post-It Notes Were Invented By Accident - Today I … Today I found out Post-It Notes were invented by accident.. There were actually two accidents that lead to the invention of the Post-It note. The first was by Spencer Silver. According to the former Vice President of Technical Operations for 3M Geoff Nicholson (now retired), in 1968, Silver was working at 3M trying to create super strong adhesives for use in the aerospace industry in building History of watchmaking - Fondation de la Haute … The American Harold Lyons invented the ammonia maser atomic clock. The first self-winding watch with a rotor on ball bearings (Eterna-matic). World history. The Marshall Plan was launched in Europe. Assassination of Gandhi. Founding of the State of Israel. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1949. Mao Zedong proclaimed the People''s Republic

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Rhythm Pattern Game - Music Lesson Plan Pupils identify quarter, half, whole and eighth notes and rests, use the different colors of M&M's to represent the different notes and rests and learn a new song and associate song with actual rhythmic patterns 11 Views 10 Downloads Introduction to Music: Symphony Expose young elementary students to the works of one of the greatest musical composers, Ludwig van Beethoven. Using three progressive lesson plans to complete the unit, class members are able to distinguish low and high sounds, count the... K - 2nd Visual & Performing Arts CCSS: Adaptable Joseph Had a Little Overcoat Teach children that just because something is old, doesn't mean you have to throw it away with a reading of Joseph Had a Little Overcoat by Simms Taback. Engaging children with an arts and crafts activity in which they patch the holes in... Pre-K - 2nd English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable Theater Arts/Creative Movement Lesson Plan Here is a series of five exercises intended to bring movement, dance, and theater into the classroom. Intended for special ed classes, but appropriate for any grade, learners will pantomime, play pretend, dance, move, and create... 3rd - 5th Special Education & Programs Musical Activities for Early Childhood Inclusion Get your movers and shakers grooving to the beat with this series of musical activities designed to meet everyone's needs! Ten games, using an assortment of instruments, bring awareness to one's body, brain, and social interactions in a... Pre-K - 1st Visual & Performing Arts CCSS: Adaptable SIGHT READING RHYTHM PATTERNS The perception of rhythms by reading and the ability to auditorily discriminate these rhythm patterns by listening to them performed by the teacher is practiced here. your students will work to create an eight-beat long rhythm pattern. 1st - 2nd Visual & Performing Arts Exploring Patterns You Can Feel and Hear A wonderful world awaits a student who can activate their senses to identify patterns in the world around them. Inspire your class to participate in a "pass the pattern" game where they shut their eyes and tap rhythmic patterns on a... K - 3rd Visual & Performing Arts

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While reading the book, The Education of Henry Adams, I found it to be amusing, and interesting at the same time. Henry Adams had a unique way of looking at history and events that happened in his life. There were two themes in the book that I thought were very interesting. The first was how he defined “education”, and the second was his Dynamic Theory of History. The term education to Adams was not going to school and learning how to read and write. It was a continuing experience through out one’s life. It involves people you come into contact as well as events that take place in your life. He states that in order to gain those experiences you first have to lose your innocence. As he was growing up in Quincy, he lived a carefree life naively enjoying the freedoms of a child. Then things started to change with his visit to Washington with his father. He experienced slavery for the first time, and it was then that he started to lose his innocence, and become confused about life. He wondered how men could treat other men that way. Another event that further disillusioned Adams was the corruptness of politicians. The Free Soil Party agreed to support a pro-slavery democrat for the office of Governor of Massachusetts in return for the democrats to support a Free Soil candidate for the United States Senate. Adams’ points out that this is his first lesson in “practical politics”. After Adams lost his innocence he talks about a struggle to confront exploitation of the weak. This is a big topic for Adams because of his anti-slavery stance. He also feels that this is one of the main struggles in life because there is always someone trying to take advantage of people. The issue of gold came up several times in his life and he saw that there was always someone trying to make money while taking advantage of the commoners. Every one of these experiences gave him a little more education. The focus of my educational experience is at the middle school, sixth through eighth grade level. I chose this level because I feel that these are very impressionable years for our youth in today’s society. The typical age group during this time period ranges from 10 years old to 13 years old, and this is when most children start to form their own identities as they begin the transition from ... To Adams formal education is worthless. He has many experiences with it, going to Harvard, and studying law in Europe. He feels that one’s own experiences are how one is educated. This whole book is about his life experiences and how each one educated him a little bit more, while confusing him at the same time. Adams doesn’t feel that one can ever be truly “educated” because times are constantly changing and you have to experience new things to become educated. The next theme that really stood out to me is Adams “Dynamic Theory of History”. This is his theory, which states that through out history there has been a gravitational attraction to an entity. The entity is an “attractive force” that mankind is drawn to. Throughout history there have been various stages of attraction, in the early stages man was attracted to power, philosophy, and religion. In the more recent history, Adams sees science as the entity that humans are drawn to. Adams was fascinated with the middle ages and how religion seemed to be the entity that people were drawn to. Adams believes that they were drawn to Church in the middle ages because it gave them a sense of unity and purpose. The Church gave the people direction and moral purpose. I find it interesting that Adams himself never devoted himself to any religion, but was incredibly interested in the middle ages and the role religion played in the lives of the people. Adams then goes on in his book to make the statement that science and technologies are replacing religion in the twentieth century. He says that the sciences and technologies of the day are moving so fast that he doesn’t feel that the people are going to be able to keep up with it. Adams feels that with the rate of scientific development that in the next century it will be too much for the human mind. He based his estimation of scientific expansion on the increased rate of coal power between 1800 and 1900. Some of his predictions have come true, he thought that by the year 2000, intellect will have increased so much that Americans will be able to control unlimited power. Computers give us that unlimited power. The Human Experience With Technology K elana Latimer The world is full technology, almost everything you see is the result of technology. Our houses, cars, buildings, streets, lights, even simple things like spoons, pencils, and nail clippers are all examples of technology. We use it everyday without even think about how it affects us. We dont think about how much a part of our society it has ... I see Adams as a bridge between his generations. He was born in a simple time where things were done the old fashion way and their wasn’t any new technologies that came out that changed peoples lives. He lived to see more advances in technology than perhaps in any other century. These new advances such as electricity and telegraphs astounded him. His unique style of educating himself gave him a perspective on these new inventions that other people may not have thought of. He saw the pattern of people being attracted to ideas throughout history, and logically stated that in today’s world people are becoming more attracted to technology than ever before. This book is based on how Henry Adams educated himself. He sees that school gives nothing but formal education that doesn’t apply to everyday life. Over time he comes to realize that he is being educated everyday by experiences that take place in his life. To him these experiences are more educating than anything he ever learned in school. In the end I don’t think he considered himself fully “educated”. I think that he saw himself as a work in progress, trying to change with the times.

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Creative play in children’s healthy development is well supported by decades of research and yet, children’s play these approaches are providing “quality. Play is more than just fun for babies and children it’s how they learn and develop playing with your child is one of the most important things you can do article. Active play and adhd play and the quality of life 7 believes that children benefit from free play research confirms that children’s self. Does child care make a difference to children’s development books and play materials, and compared the outcomes of children in high quality child care with. Children and environmental quality many children around the research on play shows that children prefer and use playgrounds with high degrees of. Characteristics of social play another area of research has been the percentages of children who engage in the six categories of social play. The power of play a research our connection to child development and high-quality research on the role of play in early children play eight hours less. Children research suggests that much of the infant infants and toddlers are particularly vulnerable: the children in good quality care also scored higher in. Quality family entertainment is the focus research indicates that the prime market for an fec are looking for a place to take their children to play and. Children's outdoor play and learning environments: returning to nature outdoor play environments research on children's preferences quality play involves the. Research indicates that active adult involvement in children's play can adult intervention: appropriate strategies for enriching the quality of children's play. A study by the national institute for early education research as one of the nation's leading sources of credible data and high-quality research on children. Opportunities for creativity children need plenty of opportunities for creative play through dramatic play, children gradually learn to take each other's. ~the aap addresses important questions regarding pediatric practice and the health and well being of children by developing original research including practice-based. As part of the npfa’s pursuit of quality play experiences for children and young objectives for play provision 18 a research play children explore. Health risks and improving the quality of life for children and their play close to the of star research grants the report lists the grantees whose. Children with adhd have trouble paying attention the project to learn about adhd in youth (play) parent pediatric quality of life inventory sc. Play is an important part of children's learning and the latest research about learning and play support access to high-quality early childhood education. Research indicates that children learn best in an environment which allows them how much should children play how to create quality early childhood. The importance of outdoor play for children the quality of a playground for young children from for young children constructive play research. Quality improvement research today's children are spending an average of plan for your family with this new tool from the american academy of pediatrics. Through play, children learn about the ever we also know that children do not separate play and learning although research supports the value of play in. Free play in early childhood undertake high quality research and work from an evidence was a dearth of information on free play for children aged from 5–7. Archived: information on early childhood education including preschool and child care, reading and learning, assistance for parents and more. Provides an overview of the range of research concerned with children’s play play, and on the extent and quality of play dr david whitebread.

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Through most of the 20th century, recordings were made on adevice called an analog tape recorder. The professional analog recorder has its own unique sound, described as warm, gutsy and raw. This retro-specialty tool is more expensive then digitally based recording equipment and quite a bit heavier. However, it is still highly regarded in the recording industry and sought after by many recording studios and artists. Basically, all analog tape recorders (ATR) use the same principles to record and play audio signals. “A length of plastic tape coated with a magnetically sensitive material is unwound from a supply reel, drawn past tape heads at a constant speed, and wound onto a take-up reel. During recording, the record head encodes a representation of the incoming audio signal in the tapes magnetic material. During playback, the repro (or play) head reproduces an audio signal from the magnetically encoded information on the tape.” From: Anatomy of a Home Studio, by Scott Wilkinson (1997). Multi-track analog recorders behave as if there were several independent, mono recorders within one machine. Professional ATRs can be found in 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, 24-, and 32- track formats. The erase, record, and repro heads can be activated independently for each track. Multi-track analog recorders use tape that is ¼ to 2 inches in width. The more tracks, the wider the tape needs to be. 8-tracks machines typically use ¼” – ½” tape, 16-track machines normally use ½” – 1” tape and 24-track to 32-track machines use 2” tape. The faster the tape is drawn past the heads, the more magnetic particles are affected in a given amount of time, which improves the recorded quality. Adversely, the faster the tape speed, the less recording time you have on a given length of tape. Some analog recorders offer variable speeds, which also adjust the pitch of playback as well as speed. Common open reel speed are 3-3/4, 7-1/2, and 15 ips, however, professional units can go up to 30 ips. For a great book that includes a chapter on analog tape machines, check out: Analog Recording: Using Analog Gear in Today’s Home Studios, by Dave Simons. Dave he maintains a basement studio at his New England home, complete with live echo chamber and an arsenal of aging equipment. Despite the advances in digital technology, many recording enthusiasts argue that the sound produced on a analog tape recorder using ½” tape running at 15ips is more accurate and has a better frequency response that digital audio. And I agree…it really, really sounds good. As of this writing I found exactly two of these devices available. However, I do believe that since analog recording is coming back it is just a matter of time before someone starts making them again .

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According to Chinese legend, Emperor Shen Nung drank boiled water to maintain good health. In the year 2737 B.C. the Emperor was resting near a tea tree. A breeze gently transported some leaves into the hot water. The result was a delicious brew that refreshed him. Whether this is a myth or a true account of how tea was discovered, we’ll never know. What we do know is that during the Han Dynasty (206 B.C – 220 A.D.) tea was given its name, Cha. Originally, tea was prepared as a medicine using green leaves from wild tea bushes. Demand began to outstrip supply so farmers cultivated the tea bushes and developed a processing system. The popularity grew and tea began to be traded to other countries. By the Tang Dynasty (618-906 A.D.), tea was drunk for pleasure and the infamous tea ceremony developed. The Dutch and Portuguese traders were the first to introduce tea to Europe. Tea became a hit in Russia and England. And eventually made its way to America causing quiet a fight over the taxing of tea. Tea has remained a popular drink throughout the US and the world.

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Both the physical and social elements of your home and neighborhood can have more of an effect on your health than you think. There are several factors that play a role in your lifestyle choices, physical and emotional health, as well as any preexisting conditions. Climate: Especially if you were born with or developed a condition that may be debilitating, your climate can be a large factor in your overall health. Different climates produce different reactions in people both mentally and physically. You may flourish in the tropics, at a high altitude with dry air, or in a temperate climate. The important part is knowing where you stand and finding the part of the world that works best for you. Physical Characteristics: The layout of your area or neighborhood are important. While it is part of your mission to stay healthy and find time to exercise, those who live in crowded urban neighborhoods are less likely to take the time or have the resources to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Those who are in a more rural or suburban area may have parks, walking paths, or biking trail which are convenient and promote outdoor exercise. Society: Living in an area that has many outdoor community activities such as surfing near the beach, biking in the mountains, or skiing where it’s snowy, can promote a healthy exercise routine. It may also be as simple as participating with neighbors in a community field day or seasonal 5k. A strong sense of community or traditions can encourage a healthy lifestyle. Food Resources: The type of food available is also a variable when deciding on a healthy place to live. If you live in an area with a temperate environment where local farms can provide fresh food all year round, or you can grow your own garden, it is easier to live healthily. Also, the types of food that can be grown due to the soil or other weather conditions, and their nutritional value can vary by location. Toxicity Levels: Certain areas of the world can have different toxicity levels due to air and water pollution. If you live in a highly-populated area where people commute and factories are prevalent, there is a higher risk of toxins in the air you breathe or the water you drink. The area you live in can have a major effect on your lifestyle, the exposure to toxic elements, and your ability to improve your life through healthy choices. Surround yourself with a community that motivates you and an environment that gives you the opportunity to better your health.

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The originally Slavic settlement was obtained by the Order of Teutonic Knights in 1231; in the 14th and 15th centuries the town became a member of the Hanseatic League, a trading association. The history of the town is accompanied by the disputes and conflicts between the Teutonic Knights and the Polish residents. The First and Second Peaces of Toruń brought Poland territorial gains (Western Prussia, Gdansk). Toruń fell to Poland, and Eastern Prussia became a Polish fief. During the Reformation Jesuits settled in the town. The later history of the town, which in the 16th century saw economic improvement, was influenced by the Swedes: the First Northern War (1655 – 1656) inflicted heavy damage. Disputes between Catholics and Protestants persisted, and brought misfortune on the town and its residents. For a long period the town was also the subject of political negotiations between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The name of the local university recalls that of a famous native son, Nicolaus Copernicus (1493-1543), the astronomer, mathematician and doctor, and author of a heliocentric cosmological theory. The manuscript of his “On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres” (De revolutionibus orbium celestium) was brought by Comenius when he returned from studying in Germany. Comenius stayed in Toruń on several occasions: youth of the Unitas Fratrum studied at the Protestant school, where he oversaw their academic and moral success as secretary of the congregation. In 1645 Comenius attended the Colloquia charitativa, which was intended to resolve the differences between Catholics and Protestants; this meeting was not, however, successful, and Comenius moreover had to bear the stinging rebukes of Ludwig de Geer.

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What is too? Too is an adverb, and we use the adverbs to emphasize the adjectives or other adverbs. Too means, more or less than needed, more or less than we want and more than enough. It has a negative meaning! My coffee was too cold. (colder than I like, I didn’t like it.) Recently I have been to a new restaurant here in my city. Let's read what I think of the new restaurant and have a look at how I used too in this short paragraph. Do you like eating out? I do, but sometimes it’s difficult to find a good restaurant. There’s a new restaurant in town, I wanted to try it out, and recently I’ve been there. Did I enjoy it? Not really! Here is the reason why: First of all, It was too crowded inside. I waited for ten minutes to find a place to sit. Then, I ordered a soup. The soup was too salty. Yuck! After the meal, I ordered a cup of coffee. My coffee was too cold. There were cookies with the coffee, but I didn’t eat them, because they were too hard. And the music was too loud. In the first sentence, I said, It was too crowded inside, it means the restaurant was full of people, more than I want, and I was not happy with that. The soup was too salty means it was more salty than I need or I want, it was difficult to eat it. My coffee was too cold means it was colder than I needed it to be. It was so cold that I did not like it. As you can see in these examples, too has a negative meaning. When you use it with adjectives as in too crowded, or with adverbs as in too fast it means more than enough. We can use too before adjectives or adverbs: Too much or too many mean more than we want or needed. We use too much with uncountable nouns and too many with countable nouns. For example money is uncountable, we say too much money, people is countable, we say too many people. You can also say: too + adjective for somebody/something + to do something Click here to try an exercise about the use of too + adjectives.

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Lymphedema is the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial tissue that causes swelling, most often in the arms(s) and/or leg(s), and occasionally in other parts of the body. Lymphedema can develop when lymphatic vessels are missing or malformed (primary), or when lymph vessels are damaged or removed (secondary). When the impairment becomes so great that lymphatic fluid exceeds the lymphatic transport capacity, an abnormal amount of protein-rich fluid collects in the tissues of the affected area. If left untreated this stagnant fluid not only causes tissue channels to increase in size, but also reduces oxygen availability in the transport system, interferes with wound healing, and provides a culture medium for bacteria which can result in infection. Lymphedema should not be confused with venous insufficiency edema. However, untreated venous insufficiency can progress into a combined disorder, which is treated in the same way as Lymphedema. Some of this information adapted from the National Lymphedema Network booklet, Lymphedema: An information Booklet. What causes Lymphedema? - Radiation Therapy Symptoms of Lymphedema - Swelling in the limb - “Full” sensation in the limb - Skin feeling tight - Decreased flexibility in the affected area - Difficulty fitting into clothing, tight fitting jewelry Stages of Lymphedema - Characterized by accumulation of protein rich fluid. Edema is pitting and limb may be near normal size in the morning. - Has the same characteristics as ‘mild' stage but tissue may become spongy or fibrotic as scar tissue formation occurs. - This stage progresses from the ‘moderate' presentation with hardening of dermal tissues and formation of skin papillomas (fluid filled sacs).

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Wash Boring Method Of Soil Exploration Procedure, Advantages & Disadvantages The soil exploration is basically done by various methods to get information about the soil condition of the chosen site. As we already know that there are different methods for soil exploration like Auger Boring, Rotary Drilling, Percussion Drilling, Core Drilling, etc, and Wash Boring Method Of Soil Exploration is one of them. Wash Boring Method Of Soil Exploration Basically, the wash boring is used mainly for advancing the hole in the ground. Procedure Of Wash Boring– In the wash boring method of soil exploration, we first drill a wash borehole inside the soil, after that, we pushed a casing inside the borehole of the size of 2 to 3 meters long. Now it’s time to insert a Hollow Drill Rod with a chisel-shaped chopping bit at its lower end. Now we pumped down the water into the hollow drill rod. Due to a small hole in the chopping bit, the water becomes like a strong jet. Due to the action of water jet and chopping the soil is starting to disintegrate in the form of soil water slurry and the hole starts to increases. The soil water slurry goes up to the surface through the space between the casing and hollow drill rod. The soil water slurry collected in the tub through the T-shaped pipe. ( the sample of soil water slurry collected in the tub does not represent soil’s true condition) Now for further advancing the hole the chopping bit is alternately raising and dropping with the help of a lifting device consisting of a rope or chain winding around a horizontal rotating drum. When the casing is ending we can provide additional pieces of the casing at the top. In stable, cohesive soil there is not any requirement of providing casing. More Read- Auger Boring For Soil Exploration- Method, Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages Of Wash Boring Here are the following advantages of using wash boring for soil exploration: 1- We can collect the soil sample in the wash boring method with the help of a sampler after the hole has been drilled. 2- The various equipment used in the wash boring method is very light and economical. 3- No extra skills are required to perform this test. 4- The chance in strata can be provided by the reaction of chopping bit and change in the color of soil water slurry. Disadvantages Of Wash Boring Here are the disadvantages of the wash boring method used for soil exploration: 1- The main disadvantage of wash boring is, it cannot be used for hard types of soil, rocks, and soils containing boulders. 2- The wash boring is slow in stiff soils and coarse-grained soils. 3- This method is not good for taking good quality undisturbed samples above the ground table. 4- In the wash boring method the particles are completely broken down. 5- In this method the fine particles are lost. More Read- Methods Of Boring For Soil Sampling For Soil Investigation Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) The wash boring method is basically a method to get information about the soil characteristics and their engineering properties by drilling holes inside the soil. Basically, the wash boring method is used for drilling the hole in the soil but it is also used to determine the change in soil strata and also used for collecting the soil sample for further investigation. First, we drill a hole and put the casing inside it. Now we put the hollow drill rode and force down the water inside the hollow drill rode. Due to the action of water jet and chopping the cutting of the soil started and it came on the ground surface in the form of water soil slurry. This process is performed until we get the desired depth of hole inside the soil.

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It’s been one year since the Covid-19 pandemic began, the scientific community has come together to work on potential treatment and vaccines. As a part of this effort, newer technologies are being expanded including one based on messenger also known as mRNA. This technology is being used to research a new type of vaccine to determine whether it may be able to help combat Covid-19. Indeed humanity has been tormented by Covid. Across the world, economic output has plummeted, and a million-and-a-half people have died. After profound research and lab testings, the scientists have done it by using the virus itself to perform a kind of biological jiu-jitsu to turn the virus on itself in the form of a vaccine. And now, the scientists have done it. The virus has to be stored at minus 70 degrees, each person needs two injections, three weeks apart. Developed by American Pharma company Pfizer and Berlin firm BioNTech, the vaccine recorded an efficacy rate of 95 percent in its final clinical trial. But what makes this vaccine so effective? The vaccine’s secret weapon is mRNA or is called the “messenger” so to say. What it does is that it delivers genetic information to parts of your body to make sure that it erases the already present genetic information and your body naturally makes and uses mRNA. It is one of three kinds of ribonucleic Acid (RNA) that all work together to translate pure genetic deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) information into proteins in your body. The mRNA also reaches the body to produce spike proteins and prompts certain T-cells and antibodies which will respond to the virus and in turn fight it, making them safe to the virus altogether. mRNA vaccine is not the only type of vaccine available. So far Moderna and Pfizer are the ones who have used this technology but others are not far off and Bharat Biotech has also said that their vaccine is almost 100 percent effective against this virus but official reports are still yet to be published. The Pfizer vaccine will use a “two-dose” regime which means people will have to get 2 doses of injections 21 days apart before they are fully protected against the coronavirus. According to Pfizer spokeswoman Roma Nair, they are working towards making sure India also gets its hand on the new Pfizer vaccine and that they are in touch with the government to make sure every citizen in the country gets access to this vaccine. But now new sources have claimed that India might not get the Pfizer vaccine any time soon as Pfizer has not partnered with any Indian company to have any sales here in India but an emergency waiving off of this rule might be done so people can get the effective vaccine as soon as possible. Get 30% OFF on Dynamic Website Design

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A group of climate scientists and the National Geographic Society teamed up for the first time to analyze the influence of the Amazon rainforest on global climate and Earth’s rising temperatures. The Amazon rainforest is most likely now a net contributor to the warming of the planet. According to the study, both natural and human-caused factors have contributed to an imbalance in the absorption of carbon by the rainforest, as well as increased emissions of other greenhouse gases. Last week the research was published in the journal Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. The study revealed that the researchers focused on the processes that produce other greenhouse gases such as--methane and nitrous oxide. It also included other processes that alter global temperatures like- release of aerosols, black carbon, and Earth’s albedo or reflectivity as well as the impact of these on regional and global climate systems. "We conclude that current warming from non-CO2 (carbon dioxide) agents (especially methane [CH4] and nitrous oxide [N2O]) in the Amazon Basin largely offsets — and most likely exceeds — the climate service provided by atmospheric CO2 uptake,” wrote the researchers in the paper Wide emission estimates for the known climate forcing agents- such as CO2, N2O, CH4, Ozone and Black Carbon shows high uncertainty in the magnitude of climate-relevant emissions from the Basin. Amazon rainforest is one of the largest ecosystem C pools on Earth. Net CO2 exchange between Amazon and the atmosphere reflects the balance of uptake by primary production and weathering, and loss via respiration, decomposition of plant residues in the soils and water, and biomass burning. All identified anthropogenic changes have increased or are expected to increase CO2 emissions from the Basin. It also stated that the majority of human-induced activity increases the “radiative forcing” potential of the Amazon basin--that means more sunlight now gets absorbed by the region than reflected back into space, thus increasing temperatures. These are some of the human and Natural activities that affect the changing biogeochemistry of the region. The Amazon rainforest is partially a self-sustaining regional climate and water system, which is thought to be on the brink of collapse. It contains mountainous forests, mangroves, savanna, and other types of vegetation that grow on a variety of soils, as it is not uniform. The region is the most bio-diverse and species-rich on the entire planet, with every one in 10 species in the world living here. According to the predictions of the scientist, Robert Walker in the new paper published in the peer-reviewed journal Environment, the Amazon rainforest will vanish by 2064 due to alarming levels of deforestation and droughts occurring in the region from climate change. The green cover of 2.3 million square miles in South Africa will be wiped clean in 43 years as it is currently standing on a ‘tipping point’. A separate study by the Amazon Geo-Referenced Socio-Environmental Information (RAISG) network, revealed last month that owing to the escalated deforestation in the Amazon rainforests, it has already wiped out 8 per cent of the forest area in a matter of 18 years.

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Here are three fun math projects perfect for February! There are three pictures from which to choose. There are also three different pages of math problems (for each picture) so you can choose the operation and level of difficulty for your class. The problems vary from single-digit addition, subtraction, subtracting from ten, adding ten and three addend addition. Students solve the equations and use the key to color the patterns on the picture. You can actually do this more than once and use a different page of problems each time. I always get lots of cheering when I pull out a Solve and Color with a Twist! ANSWER KEYS ARE INCLUDED. UPDATE: I have added in a one-page version to save on copies. Choose which works best for you! Check out these Solve and Color with a Twist Products: Valentines Day Solve and Color with a Twist Thanksgiving Solve and Color with a Twist Solve and Color with a Twist - Christmas Solve and Color with a Twist - Winter Check out my TpT store for more math, language, social studies and science resources!

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In this activity, I'd like you to create a forensic mineralogy lab or lesson. Make it short and simple (just one or two class periods in length). If you have big ideas for a longer, more involved project, that is fine—why not save that for the course capstone project (Lesson 8) when your assignment is to create a longer lesson? An example to get you thinking I made a really simple lab for an undergrad course in which students looked through a low-powered microscope at three samples of sand. One was synthetic sand from a playground sandbox, one was pure quartz with a very narrow grain size ordered from the US Silica Company, and one came from a beach in North Carolina. The students had to figure out which sample was which based on their observations. I had them make some drawings of the grains, and then make educated guesses about the mineralogy with the right reference books at their disposal. - Write up your lesson plan. Your lesson plan should include the following: - A brief overview of what will be taught and why. This overview should include a statement about the background information students will need to know in order to complete your lab successfully. - A set of learning objectives. (What will your students know or be able to do at the end of your lesson?) - A description of your plan. (What will the students do?) - A list of necessary materials. (Feel free to be creative here. This is basically a hypothetical assignment, so if you think you need some equipment or other materials that you don't have immediate access to, don't let that stop you from including it!) - A list of deliverables. (What will the students turn in? How will you know if they learned what you wanted them to learn?) Note: You need to include a "key" or set of answers to any follow-up questions or other material students will hypothetically turn in. That will help me assess the accuracy of the science you are presenting and it will also give me a clue about the level of thinking you expect from your students. - An evaluation rubric. (So that another teacher can assess the students in the manner that you intended.) - Save an electronic version of your activity and name it like this: L5_forensicslab_AccessAccountID_LastName.doc (or your file extension). For example, former Cardinals outfielder and hall of famer Stan "The Man" Musial would name his file "L5_forensicslab_sfm6_musial.doc" Submitting your work - Upload your lesson plan file to the Canvas assignment "Forensics Lab" by the due date specified on the first page of this lesson. Note on Grading: I am interested in the scientific accuracy of your exercise. I am not going to base my grade on whether you have constructed a lesson plan in some special way (as long as all the components listed above are there). My assumption is that those of you who are teachers already know how to write a lesson plan. For those who are not teachers, I am not going to instruct you on correct lesson-plan making here. However, I am a scientist, so if the facts are not right, or could use clarification, I can assist with that. - An "A" forensics lesson is complete, clear, and organized. It contains all the components listed above. The science is accurate. I can follow your instructions in the way that you intended without a lot of guesswork (It's fine if part of the lab involves making students guess and hypothesize. I'm talking about whether your directions are clear or not). The lesson is well-designed and would elicit the appropriate amount of thinking and interpretation on the part of the intended audience. Your lesson shows independent thinking. - A "B" forensics lesson is like that of an "A" project, except that its directions may not be clear enough that I can follow them without having to guess a little bit about your exact intentions. A "B" write-up is complete and contains all the components listed above. - A "C" forensics lesson may have clarity problems, leading me to have to guess how to follow your instructions. A "C" write-up may also be incomplete with some of the assignment components missing. The science may not be accurate. - A "D" forensics lesson has such badly written directions that I can't even begin to guess how to follow your instructions. A "D" write-up may be significantly incomplete and it may contain gross factual errors.

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Www.mariamwiki.wikispaces.com Types of Computers and Computer Systems. Published byModified over 4 years ago Presentation on theme: "Www.mariamwiki.wikispaces.com Types of Computers and Computer Systems."— Presentation transcript: www.mariamwiki.wikispaces.com Types of Computers and Computer Systems Objectives You will be able to: –Define what is a computer –Differentiate between the different types of computers –Explain the concept of Computer Systems –Demonstrate the concepts of: architecture, specification, data, and processing –Define the concept of motherboard and mention the main components of it (CPU, cards) –Differentiate between input and output functions and devices. What is a Computers? A computer: is an electronic device that: –Accepts information and instructions from users –Manipulates the information according to the instructions –Displays the information in some way –And Stores the information for retrieval later. Computers are classified by: size, speed and capabilities Types of Computers? 1.Personal Computers 2.Hand-held Computers 3.Mainframe Computers 4.Supercomputers Note: Xbox and PlayStation are also computers Personal Computers: Personal Computers: used by a single user for use in home or office. They are used for general computing tasks such as: –Word processing –Manipulating numbers –Working with photographs or graphics –Exchanging email and accessing the Net Personal Computers Examples: Desktop computer (designed to set compactly on a desk): –Notebook (laptop): small and lightweight and designed for portability –Tablet PC: designed for compatibility and includes the capability of recognizing ordinary handwriting on the screen Notebook is more expensive than Desktop, and Tablet PC is more expensive than notebook computers Handheld Computers Handheld Computers: are small computers that fit in the palm of your hand with more limited capabilities than personal computers: –PDA (Personal Digital Assistants): are used to maintain an electronic appointment book, address book, calculator, and notepad High-end PDA: All-in-one devices that can send and receive emails and make phone calls (e.g. iPhone) –MP3 players: are used to store and play music (some models can play digital movies and television shows) –Cell Phone: are used to make phone calls, store contact information, take and store digital photos, play video, store music. Built-in calculator. High-end cell phones can perform many of the same functions as PDA Mainframe Computers Mainframe Computers: are used by larger business and government agencies to provide centralized storage, processing, and management of large amounts of data Its price varies from several hundred thousand dollars to several million dollars Supercomputers Supercomputers: are the fastest and largest computers used by large corporations and government agencies when the tremendous volume of data would seriously delay processing on a mainframe computer. It could cost tens of millions dollars Understanding Terminals When using mainframes or supercomputers each user inputs processing request and views output through a terminal or terminal emulator. Terminal: has a keyboard for input and a monitor for output, but process little or no data on its own. Terminal Emulator: a personal computer, workstation, or server that uses special software to imitate a terminal so that the PC can communicate with the mainframe or supercomputer for complex data processing. Computer System Computer System: includes computer Hardware and Software Hardware: the physical components of a computer Software: the intangible components of a computer system; the programs or the list of instructions that the computer needs to perform a specific task Architecture and Specifications Architecture - Configuration: the design and construction of a computer Specification: the technical details about each hardware component Eg: a computer system might be configured to include a printer; the specification of the printer might be a print speed (8pages/1min), or the capacity to print in color Data and Processing The hardware and software of a computer system work together to process data Data: the words, numbers, figures, sounds, graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas Processing: modifying the data Processing tasks occur on the motherboard which is located inside the computer and is the main electronic component of the computer Motherboard Motherboard: a circuit board which is a rigid piece of insulating material with circuits, electrical paths, on it that control specific functions Motherboard Processing Hardware Microprocessor or the Central Processing Unit (CPU): Consists of transistors and electronic circuits on a silicon chip (an integrated circuit embedded in semiconductor material) Mounted on the motherboard and is responsible for executing instructions to process information Motherboard Processing Hardware Cards: are removable circuit boards that are inserted into slots in the motherboard to expand the capabilities of the motherboard Eg: Sound card translates the digital audio information from the computer into analog sounds that the human ear can hear Input and Output Input: data or instructions you type into the computer Output: the result of the computer processing input Peripheral Devices: components are needed to accomplish input, output, and storage functions Input Devices Keyboard and mouse are input devices that are used to enter data and issue commands Commands: are input instructions that tell the computer how to process data (e.g. ms words commands) Output Devices Output can be in many different forms: –R–Reports –D–Documents –G–Graphs –S–Sounds –P–Pictures The output forms are produced by output device e.g. monitor and printer The output created can be stored either inside the computer or in external storage device (e.g DVD) Comparing CPU Speeds How fast a computer can process instructions depends partially on the speed of the microprocessor, which is determined by its: –C–Clock Speed –W–Word Size –C–Cache Size –W–Whether it is single or dual core Comparing CPU Speeds Clock Speed: is measured in megahertz (MHz), millions of cycles per second, or in gigahertz (GHz), billions of cycles per second Word Size: the amount of data the is processed at one time Dual-Core processor: has two processors on a single chip, can process information up to twice as fast as single-core processor (one with one processor on the chip)

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Copper is a prominent metal that has been in use for thousands of years. It’s a versatile material used in applications ranging from coins and jewelry to industrial machinery and building materials. But before copper can be put to use, it must first be purified. In this blog post, we’ll take an in-depth look at the process of purifying copper, breaking down each step so that readers have all the information they need to understand the process fully. First, gather all of your supplies including a heat source, mold, bucket and filter cloth or sieve. You may need safety glasses and gloves as well depending on where your heat source is coming from. Once your supplies are gathered, consider what method of purification you’d like to use. Depending on the type and purity of copper you’re starting with, there are multiple ways of purifying copper such as electrolysis, distillation and smelting. Heat up your copper until it becomes molten and pour into a hardened mold for cooling before adding other materials depending on which method was chosen for purifying your copper. If you choose electrolysis, add aluminum oxide or calcium chloride when the temperature has dropped below 250°C (480°F). After solidifying in the mold, break apart and clean off any impurities that still remain such as oxides and alloys before moving onto further treatments if necessary such as refining through solvent extraction electrowinning or electrorefining techniques if required. Finally, once purified to the desired stage then it’s time to move onto casting if needed or storing away safely in sealed containers after proper cleaning has been completed in order to ensure purity over extended periods of time without degradation or oxidation taking place due to environmental factors. Purifying copper involves many steps, but when done correctly can yield some very impressive results! By following this guide, you now have a better understanding of how refined metal products are created from raw ore sources and why they are so valuable both commercially and industrially. With increased knowledge comes increased power, so if you ever find yourself needing metal components for your project or business venture, you’ll know exactly what needs to happen beforehand to ensure they meet your quality standards! Thanks for reading! Pipingmart is a B2B portal that specializes in metal, industrial and piping items. Additionally, we share the latest information and information about materials, products and various types of grades to assist businesses that are involved in this business.

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What are inference skills? Inference skills are a type of thinking skill that enables you to make guesses, assumptions and predictions based on prior knowledge. To be able to draw inferences is a higher-order skill in reading comprehension and teaching inference is an important part of reading instruction. The inference process begins in the early years where young learners are asked questions about picture books Reading comprehension resources to develop inference skills Our collection of worksheets, PowerPoints and reading comprehension texts includes inference tasks on character traits, inference questions based on biographies of historical figures and quizzes to develop and improve inferencing skills. For more resources to develop reading comprehension strategies, see our main comprehension page. You might also like our comprehension teaching packs: Reading at KS1, Comprehension at lower KS2, Comprehension at upper KS2, Reading SATs practice for KS2 and Raising reading skills. With clear links to National Curriculum objectives, they each include a range of text extracts, SATs-style inference questions and reading strategies to embed essential reading comprehension skills.

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