Datasets:
sohomghosh
/
FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
1
terms
stringlengths
1
156
definitions
stringlengths
3
4.2k
source
stringclasses
15 values
assigned_readability
int64
0
1
flesch_reading_ease
float64
-301.79
121
flesch_kincaid_grade
float64
-3.5
55.6
smog_index
float64
0
26.5
coleman_liau_index
float64
-33.81
51.4
automated_readability_index
float64
-6.9
65
dale_chall_readability_score
float64
0.1
35.3
linsear_write_formula
float64
-0.5
73
gunning_fog
float64
0.4
56
DWARF
A 15-year MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITY issued by the FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION. See also GNOME, MIDGET.
palgrave
0
21.56
12.1
0
15.91
12.8
14.54
5.25
13.67
E-MINI
An electronically traded EXCHANGE-TRADED DERIVATIVE contract with a denomination that is a fraction of a standard contract denom- ination, allowing retail or individual customers to participate. See also MINI.
palgrave
0
6
16
0
17.33
15.2
12.52
10.75
14.08
E-TICKET
See ELECTRONIC TICKET.
palgrave
0
34.59
9.2
0
11.15
11.5
9.05
1.5
14.53
EAD
See EXPOSURE AT DEFAULT.
palgrave
0
50.5
7.2
0
5.8
5.3
11.73
2
11.6
EAR
See EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RATE.
palgrave
0
33.58
9.6
0
8.7
7.7
11.73
3
21.6
EARNED SURPLUS
See RETAINED EARNINGS.
palgrave
0
59.97
5.6
0
11.15
11.5
14.31
0.5
1.2
EARNINGS-BASED MODEL
A quantitative VALUATION measure used to estimate the fair value of a company’s STOCK based on its ability to generate future earnings.The basic form of this process assumes a constant growth rate in earnings and is given as:where k is the DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO, r is the company’s COST OF CAPITAL, g is the estimated, and constant, growth rate.A changing growth coefficient requires estimates of the potential return on reinvested capital and its impact on dividend payouts from period to period. Since predicting earnings and dividends into infinity is challenging, a refine- ment of the model uses a combination of earnings and payout estimates over a specific time horizon, along with an estimate of TERMINAL VALUE.+where N is the number of periods over which earnings can be reason- ably estimated, TV is the estimated terminal value of the company. See alsoDISCOUNTED CASH FLOW VALUATION MODEL, DIVIDEND DISCOUNT MODEL.
palgrave
0
4.52
24.9
23.2
13.42
28
11.2
37
25.67
AMORTIZATION (EBITDA)
A commonly used measure of a company’s core operating profitability. By removing INTEREST, TAXES, DEPRECIATION, and AMORTIZATION, the analysis focuses on a company’s ability to gener- ate REVENUES and manage its production costs. See also EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES.where NI is net income, Divpref is preferred stock dividends, and CSO/S is the weighted average common stock shares outstanding (including those associ- ated with options and convertible bonds for a fully diluted calculation).
palgrave
0
21.43
16.3
18.6
15.84
18.3
13.06
19.5
20.68
EARNINGS RETAINED
In the United Kingdom, RETAINED EARNINGS.
palgrave
0
56.93
6.8
0
12.05
9.8
9.2
2
2.4
EARNINGS SURPRISE
An unexpected difference between the EARNINGS announced by a company and the CONSENSUS EARNINGS esti- mated by financial analysts. Earnings surprises may be positive or negative.
palgrave
0
24.44
13.1
0
15.3
12.8
10.96
11
15.97
EASY MONEY
A policy stance taken by a CENTRAL BANK or other monetary authority that permits INTEREST RATES to remain low, in order to foster economic growth through cheap BORROWING.
palgrave
0
34.6
15.4
0
12.25
16.6
11.79
20
19.77
EBIT
See EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES.
palgrave
0
48.47
8
0
11.07
8.3
11.83
3
9.07
EBITDA
See EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST, TAXES, DEPRECIATION, AND AMORTIZATION.
palgrave
0
-12.79
17
0
21.71
18.5
13.9
6
18.2
EBRD
See EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT.
palgrave
0
22.07
11.9
0
18.16
13.7
10.75
5.5
19.94
ECD
See EURO CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT.
palgrave
0
49.48
7.6
0
9.6
7.4
10.2
2.5
10
ECN
See ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK.
palgrave
0
-34.11
19
0
26.1
21.8
15.68
3
21.6
ECONOMIC CAPITAL
CAPITAL resources that a company allocates intern- ally to conduct its operations and support its RISKS (including FINANCIAL RISK and OPERATING RISK). Economic capital, which is a key measure of SOLVENCY, serves to absorb unexpected losses and allows a firm to continue its operations. Also known as MANAGEMENT CAPITAL. See also CAPITALALLOCATION, REGULATORY CAPITAL, RISK CAPITAL, TIER 1 CAPITAL, TIER 2 CAPITAL.
palgrave
0
21.9
14.1
16.2
14.15
13.1
11.28
13
13.94
ECONOMIC COST
(1) OPPORTUNITY COST. (2) The total cost of a project, including financial costs and opportunity costs.
palgrave
0
38.32
11.9
0
11.77
12.5
12.33
12
13.9
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Macroeconomic statistics released by gov- ernment authorities that provide an indication of the relative strength or weakness of the economy and key markets (including labor, finance/bank- ing, real estate/housing, construction, and so forth). Hundreds of statistics are released with varying frequencies and lags, and have different degrees of importance in shaping MONETARY POLICY and impacting financial markets. Those which are most closely watched by market participants include:Also known as INDICATOR, MACROECONOMIC INDICATOR.
palgrave
0
13.28
17.4
18.9
18.92
20.8
12.5
19.666667
18.49
ECONOMIC PROFIT
The difference between REVENUES and costs (includ- ing INTEREST, TAXES, and DEPRECIATION, as well as implicit costs, such as OPPORTUNITY COSTS). See also ACCOUNTING PROFIT, ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED.
palgrave
0
31.89
12.3
0
14.67
13.6
11.66
10.5
14.17
ECONOMIC VALUE
See ENTERPRISE VALUE.
palgrave
0
34.59
9.2
0
9.23
9.9
9.05
1.5
14.53
ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA)
A measure of a company’s value cre- ation performance, computed as NET OPERATING PROFIT AFTER TAX (NOPAT) minus the COST OF CAPITAL. A company has positive EVA when its NOPAT exceeds the weighted average cost of the capital applied to its operations. See also ACCOUNTING PROFIT, ECONOMIC PROFIT, MARKET VALUE ADDED.
palgrave
0
37.3
12.3
14.6
11.54
11.6
10.36
12.5
13.86
ECONOMICS
The area of study in social science concerned with scarce factors of production (including labor, land, CAPITAL) and the distribu- tion and consumption of goods and services. Major subbranches focus on MICRO and MACRO.
palgrave
0
54.22
9.9
0
12.82
12.7
12.37
11
11.51
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
The relative cost benefits that a company may obtain due to expansion within a market segment. This microeconomic the- ory centers on the decline in short- and long-term average costs that can be obtained by operating a larger operation more efficiently (e.g., through bulk discounts on raw material purchases, lower INTEREST costs from increased borrowing options, and so forth). Also known as SCALE EFFECT. See alsoDISECONOMIES OF SCALE.
palgrave
0
45.76
11.1
13.8
12.93
12.8
11.68
12
14.45
ECONOMY
A system involving all activities related to the production and distribution of goods and services.
palgrave
0
30.87
12.7
0
14.61
12.8
11.75
12.5
19.33
ECP
See EURO COMMERCIAL PAPER.
palgrave
0
33.58
9.6
0
8.7
7.7
11.73
2
11.6
ECU
See EUROPEAN CURRENCY UNIT.
palgrave
0
33.58
9.6
0
10.15
8.8
15.68
3
21.6
EDF
See EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND.
palgrave
0
8.2
13.1
0
14.5
12.4
15.68
3
21.6
EDGE ACT BANK
A US BANK, owned by a state or nationally chartered BANK, with an international business scope. Edge Act banks are author- ized to operate interstate branches, accept DEPOSITS from offshore sources, invest in foreign SECURITIES and projects, and grant foreign LOANS. See alsoINTERNATIONAL BANKING FACILITY.
palgrave
0
39.33
11.5
11.9
14.72
13.5
12.1
8.833333
12.22
EDI
See ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE.
palgrave
0
8.2
13.1
0
17.4
14.7
15.68
3
21.6
EDS
See EQUITY DEFAULT SWAP.
palgrave
0
50.5
7.2
0
5.8
5.3
15.68
2
11.6
EEA
See EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA.
palgrave
0
33.58
9.6
0
10.15
8.8
15.68
3
21.6
EEC
See EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY.
palgrave
0
-34.11
19
0
17.4
14.7
15.68
4
31.6
EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RATE (EAR)
The INTEREST paid or received as a per- centage of the PRINCIPAL, restated from its contracted compounding rate (e.g., continuous, monthly, quarterly) to an annual rate, allowing for comparison. EAR, which excludes any fees paid or received, can be computed as:r= (1 + (i / n))n − 1where i is the nominal rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year. Also known as ANNUAL EQUIVALENT RATE, EFFECTIVE INTEREST RATE. See also ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE.
palgrave
0
44.24
11.7
16.2
10.44
12
10.53
14.75
16.59
EFFECTIVE INTEREST RATE
See EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RATE.
palgrave
0
33.58
9.6
0
8.7
7.7
11.73
3
21.6
EFFECTIVE RATE
The actual INTEREST RATE a BANK charges on a LOAN, after taking into account fees and COMPENSATING BALANCE requirements. See also YIELD TO MATURITY.
palgrave
0
42.38
10.3
0
11.3
9.1
10.15
7.5
13.13
EFFECTIVE SPREAD
The actual difference between the BID and OFFER of a SECURITIES transaction, incorporating the direction of price movements. See also QUOTED SPREAD, REALIZED SPREAD.
palgrave
0
33.92
11.5
0
15.18
12.5
8.84
8.5
13.13
EFFECTIVE TAX RATE
For an individual or a company, the actual income TAX paid divided by net taxable income before taxes. The effective tax rate may be different than the STATUTORY TAX RATE as a result of adjustments, gross- ups, and deductions. See also AVERAGE TAX RATE, MARGINAL TAX RATE.
palgrave
0
47.08
10.6
14.1
9.34
9.1
9.12
11.5
13.94
EFFECTIVE YIELD
See YIELD TO MATURITY.
palgrave
0
50.5
7.2
0
2.9
2.9
11.73
2
11.6
EFFICIENT FRONTIER
In the CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL, a bound- ary defined by INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS that provide INVESTORS with the maximum possible RETURN for a given level of RISK. See also CAPITAL MARKET LINE, SECURITY MARKET LINE.
palgrave
0
36.79
12.5
0
11.77
11.8
10.37
12.25
11.57
EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS
A theory stating that financial mar- kets reflect all publicly available information, suggesting that all INVESTORS have an equal opportunity to earn a given minimum RETURN, and that itRANDOM WALK.Additional reference: Fama (1970).
palgrave
0
12.6
19.7
0
16.89
23.5
13.89
24.5
22.9
EFFICIENT PORTFOLIO
A PORTFOLIO that gives an INVESTOR the highest EXPECTED PORTFOLIO RETURN amongst all FEASIBLE PORTFOLIOS with the same degree of RISK. See also EFFICIENT FRONTIER.
palgrave
0
50.33
9.3
0
13.62
11
11.84
8.25
13
EFP
See EXCHANGE FOR PHYSICAL.
palgrave
0
50.5
7.2
0
8.7
7.7
7.78
2
11.6
EFT
See ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER.
palgrave
0
50.5
7.2
0
14.5
12.4
15.68
2
11.6
EFTA
See EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION.
palgrave
0
15.64
12.3
0
14.24
11.2
10.2
3.5
18
EIB
See EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK.
palgrave
0
33.58
9.6
0
13.05
11.2
11.73
3
21.6
ELBOW
An area of the YIELD CURVE that is deemed to be financially attractive (i.e., CHEAP) and where profits can be generated by simply ROLLING DOWN THE CURVE.
palgrave
0
60.99
11.5
0
9
14.2
10.82
16.5
15.24
ELECTRICITY SWAP
An OVER-THE-COUNTER SWAP involving the exchange of fixed and floating electricity prices based on the average level of a recognized electricity pool or pricing index; transactions are often settled monthly or quarterly (to coincide with billing cycles), on a physical or finan- cial basis. Also known as POWER SWAP. See also POWER OPTION.
palgrave
0
45.05
11.4
13.6
12.64
12.8
11.07
12.166667
12.36
ELECTRONIC BANKING
A computerized service offered by many BANKS and financial institutions that allows clients to conduct essential BANKINGtransactions (e.g., ACCOUNT balance inquiries, fund transfers, bill paying) via computer. See also ELECTRONIC TRADING.
palgrave
0
30.36
12.9
0
19.66
17.9
15.1
11.25
15.23
ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER (EFT)
The transfer of cash through an electronic mechanism, such as an interbank wire system or a retail point-of- sale system, rather than a physical CHECK or DRAFT.
palgrave
0
60.99
11.5
0
10.74
15.4
9.65
17.5
16.73
ELECTRONIC LIMIT ORDER BOOK (ELOB)
An electronic platform that operates as a form of electronic EXCHANGE, posting standard LIMIT ORDERS and, in some instances, also managing MARKET ORDERS HIDDEN ORDERS. An ELOB aggregates BIDS and OFFERS submitted buyers and sellers, posting varying degrees of price and volume information without attribution to the buyer or seller; as bids and offers are queued in the ELOB, price assumes prior- ity, followed by time.
palgrave
0
29.52
17.3
0
13.53
20.3
11.73
20.5
17.44
ELECTRONIC PORTAL
An integrated electronic interface where a sponsor- ing FINANCIAL INSTITUTION or EXCHANGE provides clients with access to a broad range of market information, research, quotes/pricing, analytics, and/ or EXECUTION.
palgrave
0
8.2
19.3
0
18.92
23.3
14.33
23.5
22.63
ELECTRONIC TRADING
Any form of TRADING that is routed and executed through an electronic platform, such as an ALTERNATIVE TRADING SYSTEM or ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK, rather than through a physicalBROKER or MARKET MAKER on an EXCHANGE floor. Electronic trading exists in various ASSET classes, including STOCKS, BONDS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, and COMMODITIES, and can be executed between platforms or through elec- tronic capabilities on exchanges. See also ELECTRONIC BANKING.
palgrave
0
32.22
14.2
15
16.48
17.7
10.71
15.333333
14.25
ELEPHANT
A large institutional client, such as a PENSION FUND, MUTUAL FUND, HEDGE FUND, CORPORATION, or sovereign entity, that FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS court in order to generate NEW ISSUE, CORPORATE FINANCE, or INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT business. See alsoELEPHANT HUNTING.
palgrave
0
27.83
13.9
0
16.76
16.7
12.86
15
20.53
ELEPHANT HUNTING
A process where FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS attempt to win business or MANDATES from large institutional clients. Elephant hunting generally requires continuous communication with clients on deal-related ideas and a certain amount of pro-bono work in support of the ideas. See also ELEPHANT.
palgrave
0
40.65
11
11.9
16.23
13.7
10.86
8.166667
12.31
ELIGIBILITY
The characteristics that define ELIGIBLE PAPER.
palgrave
0
-10.76
16.3
0
18.78
14.5
11.83
4
15.73
ELIGIBLE LIABILITY
A BANK LIABILITY, such as an interbank or retail DEPOSIT, that attracts a regulatory RESERVE.
palgrave
0
30.87
12.7
0
11.53
10.9
10.7
10.5
14
ELIGIBLE PAPER
Short-term financial instruments (such as GOVERNMENT BILLS, CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKER’S ACCEPTANCES, or BANK-en- dorsed corporate obligations) that can be used for collateralized borrowing in the REPURCHASE AGREEMENT market or through CENTRAL BANK mecha- nisms, such as the DISCOUNT WINDOW.
palgrave
0
22.42
20.1
0
18.98
28.9
12.73
30
25
ELIGIBLE RESERVES
In the United States, cash held in a BANK plus funds held in the bank’s name at the FEDERAL RESERVE.
palgrave
0
85.02
6.4
0
5.63
7.6
8.58
11
10
ELIGIBLE SECURITIES
SECURITIES that BANKS are allowed to purchase, hold, and TRADE on a direct basis, including GOVERNMENT BONDS and AGENCY SECURITIES. Those ruled ineligible under regulations must often be traded through a separately incorporated and regulated subsidiary.
palgrave
0
19.37
15
0
16.76
16.1
11.55
13.5
14.98
ELOB
See ELECTRONIC LIMIT ORDER BOOK.
palgrave
0
49.48
7.6
0
9.6
7.4
10.2
2.5
10
EMBARGO
Prohibition on TRADE with another country either generally (all goods and services) or specifically (targeted goods and services). An embargo, which is one manifestation of SOVEREIGN RISK, may arise as a result of trade disputes, political constraints, REGULATIONS, or national security issues.
palgrave
0
16.32
16.2
0
16.13
17.4
11.07
16.5
18.88
EMBEDDED OPTION
An OPTION that is incorporated into a STRUCTURED NOTE or OVER-THE-COUNTER SWAP to provide the INVESTOR or ISSUER with a lower funding cost, unique speculative payoff, or customized RISK MANAGEMENT solution. Also known as EMBEDDO.
palgrave
0
36.79
12.5
0
13.74
13.6
12.17
12.25
13.86
EMBEDDO
See EMBEDDED OPTION.
palgrave
0
34.59
9.2
0
7.32
8.3
14.31
1.5
14.53
EMBEZZLEMENT
The fraudulent appropriation of ASSETS that have been entrusted by the LEGAL OWNER, generally through secretive or deceptive measures. See also FRAUD.
palgrave
0
34.93
11.1
0
14.77
11.7
11.36
7.5
15.31
EMERGING CURRENCY
See EXOTIC CURRENCY.
palgrave
0
9.21
12.7
0
7.32
8.3
14.31
2.5
27.87
EMERGING MARKET
A market or economy that is in the initial stages of commercial progress, and which is subject to both development and profit opportunities and increased RISK levels.
palgrave
0
44.07
13.8
0
12.65
16.5
11.41
17.5
16.73
EMISSIONS
Any gases emitted in the furtherance of productive processes, and which may be subject to control through a CAP AND TRADE system, allowing for TRADING between countries and companies.
palgrave
0
33.58
15.8
0
13.7
18.2
11.06
19.5
18.5
EMISSIONS TRADING
The TRADING of emissions allowances between com- panies, or ASSIGNED AMOUNT UNITS across borders, for those participating in a CAP AND TRADE mechanism.
palgrave
0
48.13
12.3
0
14.51
16.5
11.64
13.5
12.68
EMPLOYEE BUYOUT
The ACQUISITION of a PUBLIC COMPANY by an employee-led group that leads to a controlling or majority stake in the outstand- ing EQUITY. The buyout may be financed through the collective resources of employees as well as external financing obtained from a BANK or other finan- cial institution. See also MANAGEMENT BUYOUT.
palgrave
0
45.46
11.2
14.6
11.89
11.7
10.87
12.666667
15.38
EMS
See EUROPEAN MONETARY SYSTEM.
palgrave
0
8.2
13.1
0
13.05
11.2
15.68
3
21.6
EMTN
See EURO MEDIUM-TERM NOTE.
palgrave
0
75.88
3.7
0
7.25
7.7
11.73
1
1.6
EMU
See EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION.
palgrave
0
33.58
9.6
0
11.6
10
15.68
3
21.6
ENCUMBRANCE
A real property CLAIM that passes with TITLE, often used in collateralized FINANCING; the BORROWER encumbers the property by granting the lending BANK a LIEN. The encumbrance does not impact ownership trans- fer, but it can reduce the MARKET VALUE and marketability of the property.
palgrave
0
40.18
13.2
0
12.94
14.7
10.72
16.25
16.11
ENDOGENOUS LIQUIDITY
LIQUIDITY and LIQUIDITY RISK that are spe- cific to a firm and the actions it takes in managing its ASSETS, LIABILITIES, and OFF-BALANCE SHEET ACTIVITIES. See also ASSET LIQUIDITY RISK,ASSET-FUNDING LIQUIDITY RISK, EXOGENOUS LIQUIDITY.
palgrave
0
11.92
15.8
0
15.37
15
11.45
14
12.68
ENDORSER
The party signing a NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT; once the endorser signs the instrument, ownership is transferred to the BENEFICIARY. See also ENDORSEMENT.
palgrave
0
26.98
12.1
0
15.75
12.7
10.92
7.75
15.63
ENDOWMENT ASSURANCE POLICY
In the United Kingdom, a form of INSURANCE that provides a lump sum payment to the BENEFICIARY, either on an agreed date or with the death of the INSURED. The policy, which has SAVINGS features that accumulate value, can also be used to secure a residen- tial MORTGAGE (i.e., ENDOWMENT MORTGAGE).
palgrave
0
54.05
12.1
0
9.64
14
9.24
15.75
14.91
ENDOWMENT MORTGAGE
In the United Kingdom, a form of residential MORTGAGE where the final PRINCIPAL balance is secured by an ENDOWMENT ASSURANCE POLICY.
palgrave
0
33.24
13.8
0
13.11
14.2
11.45
15.5
17.92
ENGLISH AUCTION
An AUCTION MARKET technique applied in certain marketplaces where the price of a SECURITY being sold is publicly announced at each stage, allowing parties to submit higher BIDS. When no further bids are received, the orders are filled. See also DUTCH AUCTION.
palgrave
0
65.73
7.6
8.8
11.53
10
10.35
7
8.46
ENTERPRISE VALUE
A measure of the value of a firm, typically computed as the sum of expected future net CASH FLOWS, DISCOUNTED back to the pre- sent at a firm-specific DISCOUNT RATE. Enterprise value can be computed via:where NCFt is the expected net cash flow at time t, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods. Also known as ECONOMIC VALUE. See alsoACCOUNTING VALUE.
palgrave
0
63.19
8.5
12.6
7.89
8.3
9
11
12.05
ENTERPRISE ZONE
A special area designated by a government authority that accords TAX benefits and special exemptions to those establishing a business in the area. The enterprise zone is designed to use such incentives to increase employment and stimulate economic growth.
palgrave
0
34.76
13.3
0
14.68
14.5
11.49
15.25
18.06
ENTREPRENEUR
A creative, RISK-taking, individual that develops a new business concept or product, or expands into new markets in order to generate profits.
palgrave
0
23.77
15.4
0
13.29
15.5
11.9
15
14.25
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
An AUDIT performed on a company by a quali- fied organization that focuses specifically on adherence to environmental standards or laws. The audit may be undertaken for legal, regulatory, or man- agerial purposes.
palgrave
0
20.89
14.4
0
13.16
12.6
12.11
13.25
17.51
EONIA
See EURO OVERNIGHT INDEX AVERAGE.
palgrave
0
49.48
7.6
0
10.76
8.4
13.36
2.5
10
EPS
See EARNINGS PER SHARE.
palgrave
0
92.8
1.3
0
4.35
4.1
11.73
1
1.6
EPS BOOTSTRAPPING
A CORPORATE FINANCE practice where an acquirer buys a company with a low PRICE/EARNINGS RATIO through a STOCK SWAP in order to boost the post-acquisition EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS) of the newly formed group and create a rise in the stock price.
palgrave
0
45.77
17.3
0
10.69
22.1
11.36
25
19.66
EQUILIBRIUM PRICING MODEL
A theoretical mathematical model that attempts to establish market-clearing price levels (i.e., where SUPPLY and DEMAND for ASSETS meet and the market clears). Equilibrium models, such as the CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL, are difficult to calibrate to actual markets and are therefore used primarily for theoretical purposes. Also known as ABSOLUTE PRICING MODEL.
palgrave
0
19.67
14.9
15
15.14
15
11.66
13.166667
14.63
EQUITABLE CONTROL
A theoretical concept in CORPORATE GOVER- NANCE where managers obtain or receive power from diffuse SHAREHOLDERS and act in the best interests of the firm.
palgrave
0
37.64
14.2
0
12.94
15.8
11.82
16.5
16.4
EQUITABLE INTEREST
An ownership interest in ASSETS that is conveyed via TITLE and which is considered fair and just by the courts but which may not represent a strict legal right, e.g., the interests of a BENEFICIARY in a TRUST are of an equitable nature. See also EQUITY.
palgrave
0
56.59
11.1
0
8.48
11.4
10.61
15.5
16.16
EQUITAS
A vehicle established in 1996 to REINSURE, on a mandatory basis, the LIABILITIES of NAMES operating through LLOYD’S OF LONDON.
palgrave
0
25.8
14.6
0
12.88
13.8
13.31
15
18
EQUITY
(1) In INSURANCE, the concept of pricing fairness across CON- TRACTS. PREMIUMS must be set according to the loss expectations within RISK classifications; those with the same risk characteristics should face thesame premium and should not be subject to any discriminatory pricing. (2) See CAPITAL, COMMON SHARES, COMMON STOCK, STOCK. (3) A beneficial interest in a specific ASSET. (4) A concept of RIGHTS , separate and apart from legal rights, which may be conveyed via an EQUITABLE INTEREST.
palgrave
0
23.94
19.5
0
13.07
23.3
11.9
27
21.63
EQUITY ACCOUNTING
A form of ACCOUNTING where a company records the relevant portion of the undistributed earnings and RESERVES of an AFFILIATE in which it holds an ownership interest, typically in relation to the percentage of its EQUITY ownership stake. This concept generally applies when the ownership stake is less than 50% but more than 20% (i.e., influence but not control).
palgrave
0
33.07
16
0
12.2
17.6
11.52
22.25
19.94
EQUITY ANALYST
An INVESTMENT ANALYST working for a BANK or other FINANCIAL INSTITUTION that is responsible for analyzing the financial state and prospects of a PUBLIC COMPANY and developing estimates of future EARNINGS PER SHARE and STOCK PRICE targets, with a view toward offering a recommendation on whether to buy, sell, or retain a position in the com- pany’s SHARES. See also CREDIT ANALYST.
palgrave
0
31.55
16.6
0
12.66
18.4
11.03
22.5
19.5
EQUITY BRIDGE
See BRIDGE EQUITY.
palgrave
0
59.97
5.6
0
3.43
5.2
9.05
1.5
14.53
EQUITY CALL SWAP
An OVER-THE-COUNTER SWAP involving the exchange of a floating INTEREST RATE for potential gains from the appreciation on an EQUITY INDEX (which may take the form of a single COMMON STOCK, a BASKET, or a broad market index). The equity call swap can be viewed as a long- dated CALL OPTION with a PREMIUM paid over time via the floating rate. See also EQUITY DERIVATIVE, EQUITY INDEX SWAP, EQUITY PUT SWAP.
palgrave
0
47.42
12.5
14.6
9.35
12.5
8.37
15.833333
13.42
EQUITY DERIVATIVE
An EXCHANGE-TRADED DERIVATIVE or OVER-THE- COUNTER DERIVATIVE with an UNDERLYING reference based on COMMON STOCKS, BASKETS, and market indexes. An equity derivative can be structured as an equity OPTION, equity FUTURE, equity forward, EQUITY CALL SWAP, EQUITY INDEX SWAP, EQUITY PUT SWAP, or EQUITY WARRANT. See alsoCOMMODITY DERIVATIVE, CREDIT DERIVATIVE, CURRENCY DERIVATIVE, INTEREST RATE DERIVATIVE.
palgrave
0
2.14
17.5
18.6
17.75
17.6
10.29
16.5
13.14
EQUITY FINANCE
The general class of STOCK LOANS and SHARE-based REPURCHASE AGREEMENT transactions.
palgrave
0
51.85
8.8
0
18.95
15.3
11.36
7.5
11.67
EQUITY INDEX SWAP
An OVER-THE-COUNTER SWAP involving the exchange of a floating INTEREST RATE for potential gains from the appre- ciation or depreciation of an EQUITY INDEX (which may be a COMMONSTOCK, a BASKET, or a broad market index). The equity index swap can be viewed as a long-dated OPTION with a PREMIUM paid over time via the float- ing rate. Also known as EQUITY SWAP. See also EQUITY CALL SWAP, EQUITY DERIVATIVE, EQUITY PUT SWAP.
palgrave
0
52.9
10.4
14.2
9.4
10.4
8.65
12.875
11.7
EQUITY-LINKED POLICY
A type of INSURANCE POLICY where the PREMIUMS paid by the INSURED are invested in EQUITIES. The SURRENDER VALUE of a standard equity-linked policy depends on the RETURNS achieved by the equity PORTFOLIO. Policies are also available with a minimum guaran- teed ASSET value, to reduce the RISK to the insured. Also known as EQUITY-LINKED ENDOWMENT POLICY, EQUITY-LINKED LIFE INSURANCE POLICY.
palgrave
0
39.03
11.6
14.9
12.58
11.7
10.61
11.875
12.68
EQUITY OPTION
An EXCHANGE-TRADED or OVER-THE-COUNTER OPTION involving a single STOCK. VANILLA and COMPLEX OPTIONS can be bought and sold on a broad range of stocks, and may be traded concur- rently with the DELTA-equivalent amount of SHARES as a HEDGE. See alsoCOMMODITY OPTION, CURRENCY OPTION, INDEX OPTION, INTEREST RATE OPTION.
palgrave
0
46.47
10.8
11.9
12.82
12.6
10.25
10.5
10.6