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Rainbow (Local form/variety)
Also known as:
The Athabasca rainbow trout is a localized variety of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a fish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in the headwaters of the Athabasca river in Alberta, Canada. The Athabasca rainbow trout was considered as a form of the Columbia River redband trout (O. mykiss gairdneri) subspecies in the trout handbook of Robert J. Behnke (1992), but considered a separate, yet unnamed subspecies by L. M. Carl of the Ontario Ministry of Resources in work published in 1994. The Athabasca River is a tributary of the Mackenzie River system which flows north into the Arctic Ocean.
The Athabasca rainbow trout is one of the few native rainbow trout populations found in an Arctic Ocean watershed. Populations of either coastal rainbow trout (O. m. irideus) or Columbia River redband trout (O. m. gairdneri) exist in Peace and Liard river tributaries in the Mackenzie River system.
The Athabasca rainbow trout is being considered for "protected " species designation.
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Agriculture Secretary Vilsack Introduces a Framework and Map to Improve the Health of America's Watersheds
Watersheds on national forests and grasslands are the source of 20 percent of the nation's drinking water supply
WASHINGTON, June 3, 2011-- Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack today announced the release of a new map that characterizes the health and condition of National Forest System lands in more than 15,000 watersheds across the country. The U.S. Forest Service's Watershed Condition Classification Map is the first step in the agency's Watershed Condition Framework, and is the agency's first national assessment across all 193 million acres of National Forest lands. Vilsack made the announcement at a USDA event in Washington highlighting the United Nation's International Year of Forests.
"Clean, healthy forests are vital to our efforts to protect America's fresh water supply," said Vilsack. "Our nation's economic health, and the health of our citizens, depends on abundant, clean and reliable sources of freshwater. The Watershed Condition Framework and map will help provide economic and environmental benefits to residents of rural communities."
The map establishes a baseline that will be used to establish priorities for watershed restoration and maintenance. The national Watershed Condition Framework establishes a consistent, comparable, and credible process for characterizing, prioritizing, improving, and tracking the health of watersheds on national forests and grasslands. The Framework also builds added accountability and transparency into the Integrated Resource Restoration program which is included in President Obama's budget proposal for the next fiscal year.
The Framework uses three watershed condition classifications:
Class 1 watersheds are considered healthy.
Class 2 watersheds are relatively healthy, but may require restoration work.
Class 3 watersheds are those that are impaired, degraded or damaged.
Additional benefits to the Framework are the opportunities it provides to current and future partners in watershed restoration and maintenance. It also increases the public's awareness of their local watershed conditions and the role they can play in improving them. The Forest Service expects that as the map gains more widespread use, it will promote the department's "all-lands" approach to managing the nation's forest and landscapes.
"Watershed restoration is not new to the Forest Service, but we now have new capabilities to assess and prioritize where resources are most needed," said U.S. Forest Service Chief Tom Tidwell. "For the first time, we are laying out a process to allow data from local assessments to be collected, analyzed and evaluated to better understand existing conditions and the specific needs for restoration and maintenance at the national level."
The Forest Service, as custodian of national forests and grasslands—which contain nearly 400,000 miles of streams, 3 million acres of lakes, and many aquifer systems—provides drinking water for more U.S. residents than any other entity. The Forest Service manages habitat for more than 550 rare, threatened, and endangered aquatic species and provides water-related recreation to more than 130 million visitors each year. U.S. lakes and streams provide drinking water for one in five Americans.
The Framework integrates well with both the proposed Land Management Planning Rule and the agency's Climate Change Scorecard. All three efforts require working with the public and partners to assess, monitor, maintain and restore the health of forests and watersheds. The Framework assists by providing key data that will help to prioritize resources.
The Forest Service expects to have national and regional Watershed Condition Classification maps posted electronically on an agency Web site early next week, with an interactive mapping tool available by the end of the month, according to agency officials.
The mission of the U.S. Forest Service is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation's forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations. The agency manages 193 million acres of public land, provides assistance to state and private landowners, and maintains the largest forestry research organization in the world.
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice), or (202) 720-6382 (TDD).
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Chances are you spied someone with a black cross on their forehead on your way to work this morning - or even in your office or classroom.
So what's going on? Today, March 5, is Ash Wednesday. Learn about the religious day in this brief primer.
What is Ash Wednesday?
Ash Wednesday is the first day of the Lenten season, a period of 40-some days focused on spiritual purification and repentance. It is a day of fasting for Catholic, Anglican and Episcopalian churches. Ash Wednesday gets its name from the practice of the distribution of ashes upon the foreheads of Christians.
What do the black marks mean?
Those black marks are meant to be crosses, although as the day wears on they can look like black smudges. They are a mixture of ashes, Holy Water and, sometimes, olive oil. The ashes come from the palms used in the previous year's Palm Sunday, the Sunday before Easter that marks Jesus's entrance into Jerusalem where he was met with palm branches by believers. It's especially significant, because Jesus was greeted in Jerusalem as a hero and the Messiah by the mob and he would eventually be put to death by the hands of the Romans at the insistence of those people.
The ashes are meant to remind Christians about human mortality, while also showing the individual's desire for repentance and mourning of their own sins. As the priest or minister puts the ash on the body he, or she, says "Remember that thou art dust, and to dust thou shalt return" (Genesis 3:19) or "Repent, and believe the Gospel" (Mark 1:15).
Christians are encouraged to wear the ashes, which can be distributed on either their forehead or hand, until the ashes wear off as a public declaration of their faith.
What about that day of fasting business?
According to Catholic doctrine, believers between 18 and 59 in good health can choose to consume just one full meal on that day, or two smaller meals. Fasting as depicted in the Bible is to be done discreetly, so as not to draw attention to the person fasting. Fasting is not about showing off, instead it is a deeply personal endeavor and is to be between God and the person fasting only.
Do I have to be Catholic?
No. Many churches have their own Ash Wednesday service, which involves the imposition of the ashes, including Episcopalian, Anglican, Methodist and Lutheran churches. Typically this is found in high churches, or more traditional churches (the kinds with incense and a strictly followed liturgy), as opposed to the more contemporary low churches.
Ash Wednesday is generally not part of Baptist and Anabaptist churches, however, as the denominations do not typically participate in Lent.
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If you want to know what people would want to save in their houses in order of importance, machines that have hard drives in them always come among the top. For those who do not mention the hard drives as being a priority probably don’t have that drive in the burning house. In such cases, the victims of circumstances will always strive hard to ensure that they save the paper files they have stored data in them. Paper files and digital files are the most common ways which data is stored in this world.
Traditionally, paper has been the best way of storing data. Before paper, scrolls, reeds and tablets were some of the best ways of preserving information. After the revolution of the paper technology, paper has been used to store data. The main pro associated with paper storage is that paper is cheap and it can last long if it is not befallen by calamities. However, when calamities such as fire razes wherever the files are stored, rest assured of losing all the data. Paper also loses value after sometime since when oxidized, it loses its original color hence the aesthetics are interfered with. These led to the need for a more secure data storage method and that’s the digital system.
Digital stores can protect your photos, written data, audio data and visual data better than the paper data. In fact, it’s impossible for the paper storage system to store your audio-visual videos, something that’s possible with digital storage. These are data that are important for the rebuilding and the continuity of life for an individual and the generations to come.
In the event of fire or any other form of misfortune, it will be easier to rescue your hard drive since it is small and can easily be carried out of the house. It is also easier and faster to copy data from a digital storage facility to another or to paper than it is t copy from paper to paper and from paper to digital stores. Information can therefore be easily disseminated if you have the digital stores than the paper stores.
Just as it is possible for you to lose all your data in case of theft, fire, vandalism etc, it is also possible to lose the digital stores i.e. hard drives, CDs, DVDs, Flash disks among others through the same way. This necessitated for the need of a more advanced innovation to make data more secure than ever before.
Today, many IT companies do offer cloud computing facilities for the storage of massive data. The cloud computing is commonly referred to as a new computing paradigm. Clouding is essentially used for conducting work as well as non work related matters such as Gmail, Dropbox, Docs, Google among many more. It is now being adapted as the personal and organizational digital storage platform. Through this system, sharing documents, synchronization of digital materials amongst different devises and tagging among other useful functions that make your data and information to be more secure.
Clouding can only be done with digital data. It is therefore clear that if you want your data to be more secure, you shouldn’t store your data in the paper files. Save them on cloud by: first creating a digital file and then moving ahead to store them on cloud.
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Loneliness is an ‘urgent crisis’ and the UK should have a national strategy and ‘minister for loneliness’, according to a commission established by MP Jo Cox before she was murdered.
The final report of the Jo Cox Loneliness Commission was recently published and made these recommendations, and more, to help tackle the crisis.
Loneliness is a serious and large-scale problem. In the UK, over 9 million adults are often or always lonely. The issue has far-reaching consequences. Apart from the distress loneliness causes, it has serious consequences for health: doing as much damage to health as obesity or smoking 15 cigarettes a day. There are also economic consequences and it is estimated to cost employers £2.5billion a year.
Fortunately we have a growing body of scientific research on loneliness, well summarised recently, along with three moves to help you stop feeling lonely in Psychology Today.
One encouraging fact is that talking to people makes you feel better. We tend to under-estimate this and imagine that if we chat to strangers it will be a bad experience. But try it. Most people find they enjoy it much more than they expected.
It is also important not to fall for the idea that online relationships are an adequate substitute for face-to-face contact. The fact is that they just don’t do what face-to-face interactions can do. This is partly biological. Face-to-face interaction triggers much better endorphin release than going online.
Another striking fact is that most of us largely ignore our neighbours. Neighbours may not be close friends, but different kinds of contact can play different roles, and neighbours are an easy kind of social interaction, and a useful ingredient in our social mix.
There is also an element of altruism as well as self-interest in making better social contact with those around us. Most people want to be altruistic and believe they are. Simply talking to people does more good than we might have imagined, and makes us feel better too.
The Jo Cox commission calls for three elements in the battle against loneliness:
National leadership and strategy including a loneliness minister
Metrics that will enable us to measure progress in overcoming loneliness
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|Noah Webster's Dictionary|
1. (n.) The quality of being deep; deepness; perpendicular measurement downward from the surface, or horizontal measurement backward from the front; as, the depth of a river; the depth of a body of troops.
2. (n.) Profoundness; extent or degree of intensity; abundance; completeness; as, depth of knowledge, or color.
3. (n.) Lowness; as, depth of sound.
4. (n.) That which is deep; a deep, or the deepest, part or place; the deep; the middle part; as, the depth of night, or of winter.
5. (n.) The number of simple elements which an abstract conception or notion includes; the comprehension or content.
6. (n.) A pair of toothed wheels which work together.
Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Depth (22 Occurrences)
Matthew 13:5 Others fell on rocky ground, where they didn't have much soil, and immediately they sprang up, because they had no depth of earth. (WEB WEY DBY YLT NAS RSV)
Matthew 18:6 but whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him that a huge millstone should be hung around his neck, and that he should be sunk in the depths of the sea. (Root in WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)
Mark 4:5 Others fell on the rocky ground, where it had little soil, and immediately it sprang up, because it had no depth of soil. (WEB KJV WEY DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)
Romans 8:39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. (WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)
Romans 11:33 Oh the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out! (WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)
2 Corinthians 2:4 For with many tears I write to you, and in deep suffering and depression of spirit, not in order to grieve you, but in the hope of showing you how brimful my heart is with love for you. (See NIV)
Ephesians 3:18 may be strengthened to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, (WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)
Philippians 1:9 This I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and all discernment; (See NIV)
Genesis 7:20 The waters prevailed fifteen cubits upward, and the mountains were covered. (See NIV)
1 Kings 6:3 The porch before the temple of the house, twenty cubits was its length, according to the breadth of the house; and ten cubits was its breadth before the house. (See NAS)
Job 28:14 The depth saith, It is not in me: and the sea saith, It is not with me. (KJV WBS)
Job 38:16 Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou walked in the search of the depth? (KJV WBS)
Psalms 33:7 He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses. (KJV WBS YLT)
Psalms 68:22 The Lord said, "I will bring you again from Bashan, I will bring you again from the depths of the sea; (Root in WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)
Proverbs 8:27 When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set a compass upon the face of the depth: (KJV WBS)
Proverbs 25:3 As the heavens for height, and the earth for depth, so the hearts of kings are unsearchable. (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)
Isaiah 7:11 "Ask a sign of Yahweh your God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above." (WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS NIV)
Isaiah 44:27 Who says to the deep, Be dry, and I will make your rivers dry: (See NAS)
Ezekiel 34:18 Is it a little thing for you -- the good pasture ye enjoy, And the remnant of your pasture ye tread down with your feet, And a depth of waters ye do drink, And the remainder with your feet ye trample, (YLT)
Jonah 2:2 He said, "I called because of my affliction to Yahweh. He answered me. Out of the belly of Sheol I cried. You heard my voice. (See NAS NIV)
Jonah 2:3 For you threw me into the depths, in the heart of the seas. The flood was all around me. All your waves and your billows passed over me. (Root in WEB JPS ASV DBY)
Jonah 2:5 The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head. (KJV WBS)
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Scary Science or Brave New World?
APRIL 13, 1998: If it weren't scary enough that scientists have learned to clone sheep, they now believe they can clone humans, too.
Think of it: an entire team of Michael Jordans. Although there is no law against it, a wide range of clergy, scientists and other ethicists are very much opposed to the notion.
But hold on to your hats. The cloning of Arnold Schwarzenegger and Leonardo DiCaprio may be only the beginning. Recently, a pair of cell biologists applied for a patent on a technique that supposedly would accomplish the crossing of humans with other species.
That conjures up images of the half human-half horse centaurs of Greek mythology or University of Arkansas fans wearing those strange Razorbacks hats.
This sort of inter-species crossing already has been accomplished by scientists. They have successfully crossed a camel and a llama, yielding something called a "coma." Researchers crossed a goat and sheep and came up with a "geep."
Of course, it's long been known that you can cross a horse and a donkey to get a mulewhich are sterile, by the way. Lions and tigers have been mated in zoos to yield ligers.
But that pales in comparison to crossing people with chimpanzees. The offspring, which might be called "cheople," could be used for medical research, the scientists say. In the wrong hands, cheople could be used as slaves. Why not get cheople to clean the house and do the yard work? Ethics often go out the window when confronted with fast economic gain.
There is a suggestion, too, of crossing a human with a baboon to come up with a "humboon." They would be great for heart research but could also be put to work in sweatshops. Who knows?
Scientists might cross a person with a gorilla and come up with a "perilla," or would it be a "gorson"? These gorsons would be better than a good Doberman pinscher watchdog, but would it be fair to keep a human-ape chained up and eating out of a dog dish?
Perhaps the scariest proposal, and one that has been seriously suggested as having great scientific and medical research possibilities, is the combination of a human and a pig. Many organ systems in people are similar to those of swine. These "sweople" offspring might lead the way to prolonged life for humans.
Fortunately, the scientists applying for the patent say they won't use the techniques, and want only to prevent others from charging down this path to a brave new world. That's probably a good thing, since we humans seem to have difficulty solving the relatively simple problems that face us nowlike how to get the freeway fixed.
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© 1995-99 DesertNet, LLC . Salt Lake City Weekly . Info Booth . Powered by Dispatch
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“We Make a Life by What We Give”: The Impact of a High School Mentoring Program on the Perceptions and Academic Achievement of Black Males
Date of Award
Open Access Dissertation
This action research study describes how a high school mentoring program impacts the academic achievement and postsecondary planning of Black male students. It further explores the perception Black male students have on school and their White teachers. The theoretical frameworks that support this research are social bonding theory (SBT) and critical race theory (CRT). This study used a qualitative design through a survey to examine the following research questions: “How does a high school mentoring program impact the academic achievement and perception of school for Black male students?” The study further examined “How a high school mentoring program impacts the postsecondary planning for Black male participants?” Lastly, the study explored, “What perceptions do Black male students have of their White teachers?” There were eight mentees selected from a mentoring program of 40 students. Four alumni of the mentoring program were matched with the current participant sample. Collectively the 12 students were selected through a simple random sample. Data collection included surveys from participants, their parents, teachers, other faculty and staff, and community partners affiliated with the mentoring program and the participants. Results of this study identified several themes that showcase the positive impact of a high school mentoring program on Black male students. The results of this study also suggested that mentoring is a necessary intervention that aids Black male students in their pursuit of academic and postsecondary success. Furthermore, it highlighted that Black male students in a high school mentoring programs project high academic standards and an intent academic focus. The study emphasized how students in mentoring programs possess a positive perception of school. Black male students in high school mentoring programs saw their White teachers, overall, as understanding and supportive. They also reported constructive relationships with their White male teachers and ruptured relationships with their White female teachers.
Ross, B. R.(2022). “We Make a Life by What We Give”: The Impact of a High School Mentoring Program on the Perceptions and Academic Achievement of Black Males. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/7009
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Analyzing the Magnetic Field in the Solar Atmosphere
The magnetic field in the solar atmosphere exceeds the geomagnetic field strength by four orders of magnitude.
It greatly influences the processes of energy transport within the solar atmosphere, and dominates the morphology of the solar chromosphere and corona. Kinetic energy from convective motions in the Sun can be efficiently stored in magnetic fields and subsequently released - to heat the solar corona to several million degrees or to blast off coronal mass ejections.
The determination of the conditions in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere - chromosphere), including the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic field therein, is the main task within this PhD project. Knowing these accurately is essential for many things, understanding turbulent magnetoconvection, finding out how energy is loaded onto the magnetic field lines that is then transported up to the corona and deposited there, uncovering the secrets of how heavy prominences can stay suspended in the thin corona, or gaining new insights into the solar cycle and solar irradiance variations.
MPS has access to world leading facilities to measure these conditions: space-based observatories like Solar Orbiter or Hinode, the largest available ground-based solar telescopes and the balloon-borne Sunrise observatory, deliver maps of the emitted solar radiation, displaying details down to scales of about 70 km. For the ground-based observatories SLAM group members have recently built or are building our own, often highly novel instruments, which provide us with outstanding and unique data.
Solar Orbiter: the Sun up close
The Solar Orbiter space mission, launched in February 2020, is the first mission ever to leave the ecliptic plane with optical instrumentation on board. Circling along its highly eccentric orbit around the Sun, Solar Orbiter provides both imaging and in-situ measurements of our star from viewpoints that are not Earth-based, allowing for novel science and novel techniques to be developed. Your task will be to contribute in making such potentials a successful reality.
The Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (SO/PHI) is an imaging spectro-polarimeter which provides both full-disk and high resolution vector-magetograms, Dopplergrams and continuum images of the Sun. The SO/PHI instrument has been built by an international consortium led by MPS.
Reaching distances from the Sun as small as 0.28AU, SO/PHI provides high-resolution vector magnetograms of exceptional quality. The near-synchronous rotation of Solar Orbiter with the Sun in some parts of its orbit will allow SO/PHI to track solar features for longer time than ever done so far from Earth-bound observatories. Last but not least, the stereoscopic possibilities offered by combining SO/PHI with other observatories open the door to new methodologies for studying the solar magnetic and velocity fields at all scales with a totally new perspective.
As an example of the novel methodologies exploiting the SO/PHI unique orbit, the combination of SO/PHI with Earth-bound observatories now allows for the full, solely observation-based determination of the photospheric vector magnetic field. Spectropolarimetric reconstructions of the photospheric vector magnetic field are intrinsically limited by the so-called 180-degree ambiguity, meaning that the field component perpendicular to the line of sight can be measured in intensity and direction, but its orientation remains undetermined. So far, the removal of such an ambiguity had required assumptions about the properties of the photospheric field. With SO/PHI is now possible to observe the same region on the sun from two different vantage points and to determine the true orientation of the transverse magnetic field component solely based on observations.
Depending on your interests, you could help on a wide range of projects, from developing data analysis tools for SO/PHI to the analysis and exploitation of the first science data of one of the major instruments on board Solar Orbiter.
As the leader team supporting the operation and science exploitation of PHI, we can offer you a research program that suits your interests, develops your skills and competences, gives you the possibility of wide and international collaborations, and boosts your chances of your future career in solar physics by having a head start in Solar Orbiter exciting science phase!
Unlocking the Sun's secrets with unique data from the balloon-borne observatory Sunrise
Sunrise is a balloon-borne solar observatory developed under the leadership of MPS. The 1-meter telescope is the largest solar telescope ever to leave the ground, allowing for highest spatial resolution measurements (~50 km on the Sun) in UV wavelength bands not accessible with ground-based observatories.
Two successful flights at an altitude of 37 km around the north pole have delivered a wealth of high-quality data sets, which have already resulted in immense new insights into the working of the solar photosphere (the layers of the solar atmosphere just at the solar surface), including a number of breakthroughs. These are documented in well over a hundred mostly high-impact scientific publications, making Sunrise by far the most successful balloon-borne mission to date. Currently, preparations are ongoing for the third flight of the Sunrise observatory, which will be even more powerful thanks to three new instruments that are being built for it. These include a unique and novel spectropolarimeter to make optimal use of the UV wavelength band. These new instruments will greatly expand the capabilities of Sunrise, enabling it to unlock not just hidden secrets of the photosphere, but also of the solar chromosphere, the most mysterious part of the solar atmosphere.
A third flight of the observatory unfortunately was not successful. A technical failure prevented us to obtain the anticipated high-quality data. We are currently preparing for a new launch attempt, ideally in June 2024.
The student will therefore enter the project in its most exciting phase, being involved in the preparation for the flight, the development of the scientific observing plan, laying out the theoretical basis for the successful data analysis after the flight. The PhD student will be directly involved in the first analysis of these data and will have a good chance of making/participating in the first discoveries from the Sunrise III data.
Also, a PhD with the correct skills and starting in 2023 has a chance of attending the launch from ESRANGE in north Sweden (2024) and participating in the operations of Sunrise during its flight in the stratosphere.
The Sun in 4D: "How to capture the properties of the solar atmosphere fast enough?"
To study the dynamics of the continuously evolving solar atmosphere, it is necessary to obtain morphological information by imaging the solar surface on a time scale that is sufficiently small to effectively "freeze" the solar scene. With the European Solar Telescope - EST we expect to resolve solar structures of order 30 km which evolve at a time scale of seconds. While an image can be successfully recorded within this short time scale, only a small fraction of the information required for understanding the solar atmosphere is encoded in the image properties alone.
By analyzing in detail the strength, shape and the polarization state of the many spectral lines that are present in the solar spectrum, detailed information about the atmospheric stratification of temperature, vertical bulk motion, magnetic field strength and direction, encoded by atomic line transitions of the many elements that constitute the solar atmosphere, can be obtained. However, for a detailed analysis of the spectral properties of the Sun, a spectrograph with a high spectral resolution must be used.
There is currently no solar instrument in operation that can record spectral, polarization and spatial information within the limits of the short timescale of solar evolution that will be seen by the European Solar Telescope - EST, and with sufficient resolution and sensitivity. Present-day instruments are only able to capture all this information by scanning either spectrally or spatially which takes more time.
A new type of instrumentation is therefore needed for the EST. The Microlens-fed Hyperspectral Imager (MiHI) and the Helium Spectro-Polarimeter (HeSP), both under development at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, are examples of such new instruments that overcome this problem by recording the spectral information for each image pixel simultaneously. In order to accomplish this, the pixel must first be reduced in size to create enough space on the two-dimensional image sensor for the spectral information to be dispersed without overlap with the neighboring pixels. The microlens spectrograph uses an assembly of microlens arrays to reduce the pixel size and create space for the spectral information, while minimizing the loss of light. Then the light is dispersed in a spectrograph, forming an array of spectra on the detector.
A fair amount of data from MiHI is ready to be analyzed. A unique opportunity to work on unique data in an environment where both, instrumental and scientific expertise, meet on a daily basis.
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Myth leaves frogs in hot water
Frogs are extremely sensitive creatures, but some people still believe you can boil a frog without it noticing. Dr Karl hops on the cause against this cold-blooded practice.
If you have listened to enough presentations from motivational speakers, politicians, management consultants, environmentalists or even religious clergy, you will almost certainly have heard the tale told of the frog in hot water.
This engaging little parable claims that if you plunge a frog into boiling water, it will immediately jump out. But if you put the frog into room temperature water, and then slowly heat the water to boiling, the frog doesn't realise what's happening and gets cooked to death.
This neat, but gruesome, image is used to warn you against small, gradual changes usually imposed by the forces of evil, bringing you closer to the devil.
These microscopic changes will gradually and relentlessly whittle away your time, money, rights and freedom. Because each tiny change is so small, you more than likely don't notice.
In the USA, the extreme right use this example to accuse the left-wing federal administration of stealing their money, their privacy and their rights.
However, the American left also invoke the same image of the frog in water to illustrate their ever-growing financial dependence on right-wing Washington, and the ever-increasing use of surveillance technology to erode their privacy.
Economists use this parable in lectures in Economics 101. They claim that the average citizen doesn't notice any day-to-day economic changes, and is oblivious to any economic paradigm shifts.
But frogs aren't economists, they're sensitive creatures.
It's been recently discovered that some frogs talk with ultrasound. In ultrasound, the pitch or frequency of the sound is too high for the human ear to hear.
Fish and homing pigeons can see electromagnetic fields, ants can see polarised light, insects and rodents can smell pheromones, so why can't some frogs, somewhere on the planet, hear ultrasound?
They can, if they are the concave-eared torrent frog that lives in the Huangshan Hot Springs, west of Shanghai, in China.
There is a continuous torrent of water and sound in the mountainous environment of this concave-eared torrent frog.
It was recently discovered that these frogs can generate and hear sounds that are way up in the ultrasonic. They can generate and hear frequencies over 128 kHz. That's more than six-times better than a human can hear.
But even though some frogs have a great sense of sound, the myth insisted that they were lousy at detecting changes in temperature.
For example, environmentalists quote the boiling frog myth to show that the environment is continually being nibbled away in tiny bites. And while each bite is tiny, they add up to a huge mouthful.
A good example is the classic London pea-soup fog of the mid-20th century. In 1952, one single pea-soup fog killed 4000 Londoners, via respiratory distress.
Gwynne Dyer, commenting on fogs and frogs, wrote: "Drop a frog into a pot of boiling water, and he will promptly hop out again. Put him into cold water and bring it to the boil slowly, and he'll sit there until he dies. Londoners had grown used to the fogs, and didn't realise they were killing people because the victims weren't clutching their throats and falling over in the streets."
Dr Julie Jonassen, assistant professor of physiology at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center in Worcester, uses the frog story to discuss domestic violence: "If you take one bucket and bring the water to a boil and then throw the frog in it will immediately die. If you take the second frog and put it in the second bucket and slowly turn up the heat it will adjust to the temperature until it dies. This is also true in abusive relationships where the woman will leave early on if she is hit but in a longer relationship she will stay," she said.
Over time, many a Prince Charming has turned into a reptile, and domestic violence is a terrible thing. But quite separately, frogs can sense when the water gets dangerously hot, and I'll finish up on that, next time.
Published 30 November 2010
© 2017 Karl S. Kruszelnicki Pty Ltd
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Table of Contents
Bulimia Nervosa is not only complicated, but also distressing. People are prone to developing this eating disorder mainly because they feel pressured to maintain a certain body image. Uncontrolled episodes of overeating are typically associated with women and teens. However, people of all ages, genders and backgrounds are susceptible to developing bulimia. Historical records suggest that bulimia has been a real nuisance, plaguing people since the beginning of time. The first one to describe the illness was a wealthy person, from the Middle Ages. It was named and described in clinical terms by British psychiatrist Gerald Russell. It is believed that about 4% of people will have bulimia during their lifetime.
Bulimia Nervosa, which is commonly referred to as bulimia, is a serious and often fatal sickness, characterized by erratic eating habits. It falls into the eating disorder category. People suffering from this illness consume significant amounts of food in a short period of time. These individuals tend to have an obsession with body shape or weight. As a rule, patients with bulimia nervosa have social phobia and body image distortions. They are exposed all day long to images that reinforce anxiety with regard to their personal appearance. Bulimia is basically a mental illness, although at first glance it seems to be a body image and weight issue. Bulimia sufferers require therapeutic intervention.
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder where people overheat regularly. This is what is called binge eating. It involves two important aspects: eating too much in a short period of time and lacking a sense of control. The effects of bulimia on the human body are truly devastating. Binging food can possibly lead to stomach pain, tooth sensitivity, dehydration, hormonal imbalances, hair loss, etc. Bulimia has a negative impact on the person’s physical and emotional health. It is not thus surprising to understand that many patients fall into depression or even develop an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
There are two major subtypes of bulimia nervosa:
Bulimia behaviors are impulsive and they tend to overlap. It is important to stress that purging and non-purging bulimia is not to be confused with binge eating disorders.
The great majority of those with bulimia are women, but this does not mean that men cannot be affected. Eating disorders are not gender specific, which is the reason why it is not unusual for a man to have bulimia nervosa. They as well struggle with binge eating and the associated side effects. The fact is that male patients are not likely to manifest visible symptoms, not to mention seek professional help.
Bulimia nervosa symptoms include:
Those who recognize any of the aforementioned symptoms are recommended to address to a medical practitioner.
The process of detection requires becoming aware of symptoms and signs. The treatment provider will look for a combination of symptoms in order to confirm the diagnosis. The fact is that bulimia is hard to identify. The reason for this is that the manifestations listed earlier are common to other eating disorders as well. There is no routine screening for the illness, which makes things more difficult for the doctor. Another reason why the eating disorder is hard to diagnose is that patients usually hide their thoughts and way of action.
The medical practitioner conducts a physical examination for bulimia nervosa. The doctor will look for effects of an eating disorder, making sure to check the mouth, skin, and hair for issues. The trained professional may want to verify the heart, lungs, and blood pressure. A psychological evaluation is equally necessary in the case of bulimia nervosa. This assessment includes talking with the patient about eating habits and changes in food attitudes. The medical practitioner can categorize the illness as being mild or severe.
Although it can take a lot of time, bulimia nervosa can be managed. The doctor is an important part of the treatment and recovery process. What the medical practitioner does is discuss things over with the patient, provide additional information and nutritional counseling, and refer them to a trained specialist. The professional that treats the eating disorder is called a therapist. The eating disorder specialist’s role is to identify triggers and, of course, help the individual avoid binging food and vomiting.
Antidepressants are commonly used for treating bulimia, helping challenge dysfunctional thoughts. Examples include fluoxetine. Cognitive behavioral therapy is just as effective. This treatment is based on thoughts, emotions, and, naturally, behaviors. Due to the fact that sufferers of bulimia view themselves and their bodies in a negative way, special focus should be laid on changing ways of acting and the attitude toward eating. CBT addresses the main issues of bulimia nervosa, more precisely on how the symptoms occur at the present moment. Simply speaking, the focus is not on the “why”, but on the “how”.
For severe cases of bulimia nervosa, inpatient treatment is required. Choosing the most suitable treatment facility is the duty of the family. It is important not to forget that the medical condition can cause serious effects. What happens if the health issues are not addressed is that the damage can be irreversible. For instance, kidney failure is not reversible as is kidney injury. This is the reason why it is of paramount importance to prevent chemical imbalances from occurring or, at least, improving kidney function.
People with bulimia need to look after themselves. Otherwise, it is not possible to have a full recovery. It is advisable to not brush the teeth after purging as this will destroy the enamel. Most importantly, the individual has to make an effort to reach a normal weight. All thoughts negative or not, should be discussed with a therapist. Or with family and friends.
At present, researchers are looking for new ways to treat bulimia nervosa, alternative medicine being the focal point. The general opinion is that hypnotherapy is a good alternative treatment. Saying that hypnotherapy techniques cure the eating disorder is an exaggeration. It is sure though that entering a calm state of mind helps patients, in the sense that it helps individuals gain control over their actions. The Mayo Clinic warns that hypnotherapy is not to be considered a solution in itself. More precisely, it should accompany other treatment plans and patients should not expect miracles because they are not going to happen.
Most people do not realize that it is essential to diagnose and treat bulimia early. Early intervention can be life-saving. Surprising or not, bulimia nervosa has one of the highest mortality rates. Patients can die from cardiac arrest, seizure, pancreatitis, electrolyte imbalance, gastric rupture, depression, and so on. What is worse is that the person can go for a long time without realizing that they have serious health problems.
Developing bulimia nervosa is not a conscious choice, which explains why people having this illness do not comprehend its severity or the fact that they need to seek specialized attention. The point is that early detection and treatment can result in favorable outcomes. The future for people with this eating disorder is more positive than the one for people suffering from anorexia. During the course of the treatment, it is normal to expect relapses. This does not mean that the patient cannot be cured. Treatment takes time.
What causes bulimia nervosa?
Bulimia nervosa does not have an exact cause. As a matter of fact, specialists have no idea what causes the onset eating disorders in general. What can be said for sure is that it is not only one cause. The illness can be caused by a number of factors, like emotional, societal, or genetic. Emotional and societal causes refer to the unhappiness with one’s body or body weight. In today’s culture, a great emphasis is laid on image and individuals feel a pressure to look perfect. They typically have low self-esteem and this is not always obvious.
Genes may be responsible for the manifestation of bulimia. Studies have proved that some people have a genetic predisposition for developing an eating disorder. Last but not least, mention was made of trauma. A shocking event, like an accident or an abuse can trigger the apparition of bulimia nervosa. This is not a rule, but individuals who have gone through traumatic experiences are more likely to develop a medical condition. Treating the individual implies treating the trauma first.
It is difficult if not impossible to imagine what a person suffering from bulimia nervosa goes through. What is sure is that sick individuals manage to hide their state of affairs. While some of them keep the illness a secret from early school, others have problems at a late age. People with health problems experience strange feelings, such as anxiety, fear, weakness, neglect, etc. What is more, they have no power whatsoever over their medical condition until they get help.
Patients with bulimia end up leading a double life. They try to act normally in order to hide their suffering, as having bulimia is a stigma. The stigma is the reason why they refuse to get treatment. Therefore, when no one is looking they are eating significant quantities of food and purging them. Bulimics manage to go to school, even pursue a job or higher education. The signs of illness are only visible when it is too late.
Those who lead a normal life may find it hard to understand what it is like to live with bulimia nervosa. They can learn about the matter, yet ultimately they are not able to understand their feelings and emotions. The best that family members and close friends can do is providing support. When changes in behavior are evident, they should coax the person to seek attention right away.
Is there any way to prevent bulimia nervosa? There is no knowledge of a sure way to prevent this medical condition. However, measures can be taken in order to reduce the risk. This is how.
The support of the family is very important. Patients need permanent encouragement and support from loved ones. When they feel like they are loved and treasured, individuals do not feel the need to resort to extreme measures. They are happy just the way they are. As mentioned previously, bulimia nervosa is not about food and weight. It is a psychological matter and the underlying causes are anxiety and, in general, uncomfortable feelings.
Changing the way that body image is perceived in today’s society represents a step forward. Prevention is only possible when there is not much accent placed on how individuals look, how much they weigh, or what they eat. For most members of the society, regardless of age, sex, and religion, eating erratically has become commonplace. Many advocate for a paradigm shift. If things will change in future time, there is no way of knowing. What is sure, though, is that eating disorders like bulimia nervosa have come to be accepted and people are no longer shamed for being sick. On the contrary, they are offered means to get better.
Last updated on March 12th, 2019
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The History of the Stag Party: From Ancient Times to Contemporary Festivities
Stag parties, also known as buck’s nights, have a ancient tradition and have developed over the centuries. These festivities are an essential component of pre-wedding rituals, providing the future husband and his mates to forge a bond and say goodbye to bachelorhood. Allow us to delve into the fascinating history of the buck’s night, tracing its origins from ancient times to the contemporary celebrations.
Ancient Traditions: Spartan Feasts and Roman Bacchanalia
The source of buck’s nights can be traced to antiquity. In Sparta, classical Greece, fighters would gather for a feast called the “symposium” in honor of the soon-to-be groom. The kottabos involved raising a glass, games of libation, and festivity, serving as a figurative goodbye to the single life.
In the Roman Empire, buck’s nights took the form of Bacchanalia, which were unrestrained and rowdy parties dedicated to Bacchus, the god of wine and fertility. These festivities involved unbridled imbibing, dancing, and various forms of entertainment. It was believed that these festivities would bring good fortune and fertility to the future husband.
Medieval Celebrations: Feasts and Rituals
During the medieval period, stag parties evolved into more ceremonial and organized occasions. They were often organized the evening before the marriage, and relatives and close companions would participate. These observances featured elaborate banquets, where invitees would delight in exquisite food and beverages.
In addition to feasting, various rituals were carried out during medieval stag parties. One favored ritual was the “mock abduction,” where the groom would be “kidnapped” by his pals and taken to a alternative location. This act symbolized the groom’s transition from his single life to married life.
Victorian Era: Gentlemanly Celebrations
During the Victorian era, buck’s nights adopted a more elegant and gentlemanly nature. The emphasis shifted from rowdy revelry to sophisticated gatherings. Gentlemen would assemble for dinners, cigars, and brandy, engaging in intellectual discussions and sharing counsel on married life.
These bachelor parties were seen as an opportunity for experienced married men to guide the groom, providing guidance and support. The emphasis was on preparing the groom for the duties of marriage, rather than engaging in debauchery.
20th Century: The Rise of Contemporary Stag Parties
The 20th century witnessed a significant transformation in buck’s night traditions. As social norms evolved and individuals sought new ways to celebrate, stag parties began to incorporate various activities and themes. During the 1920s, the Prohibition era in the United States led to secretive celebrations in speakeasies, where unlawful alcohol was consumed.
In the mid-20th century, buck’s nights became more linked with male bonding and adventure. Activities such as hunting trips, fishing expeditions, or sports outings gained popularity. These outings allowed the bridegroom and his buddies to solidify their relationships while participating in shared interests.
Modern Era: Individualization and Travel Celebrations
In contemporary years, buck’s nights have become highly personalized and tailored to the future husband’s preferences. The modern era has seen the rise of destination stag parties, where groups of mates travel to thrilling locations to celebrate. Whether it’s a weekend getaway to Las Vegas, a beach celebration in Cancun, or an excitement-packed trip to a tropical location, the choices are limitless.
Furthermore, the contemporary stag party has become more inclusive, with co-ed celebrations and joint gatherings gaining recognition. Couples now have the choice to celebrate together, creating shared memories with their mates and loved ones. Additionally, themed parties and unique experiences such as spa retreats, cooking classes, or extreme sports activities have become popular, allowing the future husband and his guests to generate unforgettable moments.
Bringing It All Together
From ancient Spartan feasts to modern-day travel festivities, the past of the stag party is a testament to the ever-evolving essence of wedding traditions. As society and cultural norms change, so do these pre-nuptial festivities, adapting to reflect the choices and values of each era. Today, buck’s nights serve as a cherished tradition, allowing future husbands and their friends to gather, create lasting memories, and celebrate the joyous occasion of marriage.
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|YEREVAN – Help the rural communities to implement sustainable agriculture and eliminate the danger of chemical pollution in Ararat and Armavir regions. That is the main goal of the new project launched by Czech not-for profit organization Arnika and Armenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment (AWHHE). Project is focused on finding of technical solutions to eliminate several hot spots contamination by obsolete toxic pesticides caused by their improper management and storage, including so called persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It will also help Armenia to implement international Stockholm Convention.|
“Since 1960s, hundreds of tons of pesticides have been used in agriculture. We can still feel the consequences in a form of serious contamination of particular places,” says Lilik Simonyan, AWHHE executive director. “In our project, we wish to find the solutions at least for some of the most disturbing cases, and also show the alternative ways of environmentally responsible and economically modest agriculture. Although the pesticides that are on sale now, are not banned by Stockholm Convention, they also pose a risk on human health,” refers Mrs. Simonyan.
AWHHE expects solution to some of the most disturbing cases. „Placing the problem of obsolete pesticides hot spots in political agenda should be our main goal“, says Mrs. Lilik Simonyan. She also mentioned the organization?s disappointment with the current situation which is very unsatisfactory and in some cases has even worsened during last year. The conclusion of a recent visit to the most discussed burial site in administrative area of Yerevan , which constitutes a serious threat despite of years of lobbying, confirms these findings. This obsolete pesticides burial site will be one of the main cases to be solved in frames of the project.
Arnika will bring its expert skills regarding the real danger of the pesticides stored in selected hot spots or being still used, and experience with cleaning up similar burdens in the Czech Republic . “It is necessary not only to clean-up contaminated sites, but also to deal with the contamination responsibly, not to allow new risk to the public health and the environment”, says Jindrich Petrlik, executive director of Toxics and Waste program of Arnika. He stresses, that non-combustion technologies of the cleanup should be used, that don’t lead to another pollution of the environment.
Both, AWHHE and Arnika believe that only cooperation of the non-governmental organizations, regional authorities, municipalities, governmental bodies and experts can bring sustainable solutions. Project activities will also consist of educational programs for villagers and farmers. “It is essential to give the people as much possibilities to participate in decision making procedures as possible,” says Martin Skalsky of Arnika. In a similar case in Czech village Pozdatky, a close cooperation of all stakeholders lead to cleanup of broke down hazardous waste storage in several years.
A joint project of Arnika Association and Armenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment (AWHHE) is called „Scaling Up Experience in Improvement of Chemical Safety to Contribute to Poverty Reduction in Rural Armenia“. It is financed by European Union, Global Environmental Facility through UNDP, Global Greengrants Fund, International POPs Elimination Network, Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF). The start-up meeting of the project took place in Yerevan on March 29, 2010.
Armenian Women will organize seminars and workshops, to establish a network of Armenian civic associations and also to establish information center on chemical safety in Yerevan . This will enable the interested people to get information easily, and strengthen the cooperation among non-governmental sector with other parts of the society.
“Chemical contamination can debase the quality of water, soil, and other environmental compartments. This vicious cycle of dependency can be broken by raising awareness and promoting alternatives,” says Lilik Simonyan expert of the AWHHE on toxic chemicals. Due to lack of relevant information, citizens are not able to organize and fight for their rights, which should also be addressed by the project activities.
This workshop is organized with the financial assistance of the European Union . Its contents are sole responsibility of Arnika Association and Armenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.
Start-up meeting presentations
- Start up meeting
Elena Manvelyan, AWHHE
- Technologies for Obsolete Pesticides Destruction and Clean-up Methods
Jindrich Petrlik, Arnika – Toxics and Waste Programme
- Public Campaigns and Strategic Planning
Martin Skalsky, Arnika – Toxics and Waste Programme
- IPEN and its Approach to Obsolete Pesticides Stockpiles Problem
Jindrich Petrlik, Arnika – Toxics and Waste Programme
- Pesticides – Risk s for Environment and Our Health
Vendula Krcmarova, Arnika – Toxics and Waste Programme
- An Introduction, History of Use, Alternatives
Darina Havlikova, Arnika – Toxics and Waste Programme
- Week without pesticides
Lusine Nalbandyan, AWHHE
- May 31, 2011. Press release: International Conference to discuss problems related to contamination by toxic pollutants and pesticides in Armenia
- 30 November, 2010. Joint Press Release of the Arnika Association and Armenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment (AWHHE) organisation.
- Chemical Safety and the Rotterdam Convention
- IPEN General Assembly, 2010
- “Pesticides. Are They Really Necessary?” Film Presentation at UN House
- Prime Minister Visited Nubarashen Waste Burial Ground
- Mini-Hearing on Obsolete Pesticides in Eastern European Countries, the Caucasus and Central Asian countries
- Emergency Situation Around the Burial Site of Obsolete and Banned Pesticides in Armenia
- Czech experts discovered old DDT stocks in Armenia. Now, they want to help with solutions of old burden
- Pesticide residues and maximum residue level
Final report on the results of environmental sampling conducted in Armenia in July ? November 2010 as a part of the joint Czech?Armenian project “Scaling Up Experience in Improvement of Chemical Safety to Contribute to Poverty Reduction in Rural Armenia”
Round Table Presentations
- Nubarashen burial site
- Results of sampling and chemical analyses from several hot spots in Armenia
- POPs hot spots – evaluation of Arnika’s research at 5 sites in Armenia
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Teach students about Rhyme Scheme while encouraging them to become poets! This presentation offers students a chance to learn about and identify the different types of rhyme scheme in poetry. Students can also choose to write one of the following poems: Limerick, Haiku, Cinquain, Acrostic. Once students have written their poems, they can then insert the words that they used to describe spring into Word Art. They will be asked to visit wordart.com, add their words, and then change the shape of the world cloud to match their spring poems!
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Commonly found in many fruits, such as bananas and apples, pectinase in an enzyme that plays a key role in the digestive processes, and perhaps more importantly, in total physical well-being and anti-aging.
Pectin is a type of fiber that makes up the cell wall of many fruits and vegetables. It is composed of long polysaccharides that form a gelatinous substance in the plant cell wall and also between plant cells. It occurs primarily in the non-woody parts of plants, which, of course, are the parts that most likely to be consumed.
Pectin is a part of our diet because of its presence in the fruits and vegetables. It's also used extensively as a thickening agent in processed foods, particularly in jams and jellies. Pectinase, along with cellulase and hemicellulase, helps with the digestion of plant-based foods, increasing their nutritional and prebiotic value. Prebiotics provide the food in the digestive system that feeds probiotic microorganisms.
During the ripening process, plants generally use pectinase to hydrolyze (break down) the pectin in and between the cell walls, making the cell walls weaker, and therefore edible. This means that when you squeeze test an apple or tomato at the grocery store or, even better, before plucking it out of the garden, you are actually checking in part to see if pectinase has become more active indicating that the fruit is ripe and ready to eat.
Health Benefits of Pectinase
1. Promotes Growth and Health of Intestinal Microbiota
Animal research using apple pectin, a widely used type in food processing, demonstrated impressive effects on beneficial gut bacteria including an increase in production of specific short-chain fatty acids that provide ideal pH conditions for these bacteria. This is particularly promising since the human gut contains the same type of beneficial bacteria as noted in the research.
2. Provides Nourishment for the Colon Lining
In addition to helping provide a hospitable environment for beneficial bacteria, fatty acids like butyrate help to provide a large percentage of the fuel necessary for the colon. This can positively influence mucosal blood flow, intestinal motility, and the permeability of the gut. Maintaining these aspects of intestinal health are paramount to guarding proper absorption and helping to reduce the threat of absorption of potential allergens through the gut.
3. Increases Digestibility and Absorption of Plant Foods
Animal studies show that adding pectinase and other enzymes to livestock feed can aid the digestive process in animals, allowing them to better utilize nutrients and minerals. Using digestive enzymes in animal feed is a widespread commercial use, and theoretically, these results could apply to humans, as well.
How to Read the Units of Measurement for Pectinase
Currently, there is no standard published measure for pectinase according to the Food Chemical Codex (FCC) division of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). For some pectinase enzymes, pectinase activity is measured in AJDU's (Apple Juice Depectinizing Units), a measure of the hydrolysis of various hemicellulose polymers into short-chain molecules and ultimately to 5-carbon sugars. The higher the number, the more active the enzyme.
Where Can I Find the Best Source of Pectinase?
VeganZyme® contains a 100% vegan form of pectinase extracted from the fermentation of Aspergillus niger. It's non-GMO, kosher-certified, vegan, and gluten-free.
VeganZyme is the most advanced, full-spectrum systemic and digestive enzyme formula in the world. The formula contains digestive enzymes which help digest fats (lipids), sugars, proteins, carbohydrates, gluten, nuts and seeds, dairy, and other food sources.
VeganZyme may also be used as a systemic enzyme blend to break down excess mucus, fibrin, various toxins, allergens, as well as excess clotting factors throughout your body.
- Licht TR, et al. "Effects of apples and specific apple components on the cecal environment of conventional rats: role of apple pectin." BMC Microbiology. 2010;10,13.
- Selinger LB. "The rumen: a unique source of enzymes for enhancing livestock production." Anaerobe. 1996 Oct;2(5):263-84.
- Baran M, Kmet V, "Effect of Pectinase on Rumen Fermentation in Sheep and Lambs." Arch Anim Nutr. 1987;37(7-8),643-649.
†Results may vary. Information and statements made are for education purposes and are not intended to replace the advice of your doctor. If you have a severe medical condition or health concern, see your physician.
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Tag: "less" at biology news
Climate change plus human pressure caused large mammal extinctions in late Pleistocene
...f hunting that could have knocked off a species in less
than 500 years. Another suggestion, dubbed "sitzkrieg" after the term for a "sitting" war that shows slow or no progress, is that humans caused extinction through long-term habitat alteration. Barnosky and his colleagues found sparse evidence outside...
New study shows hope for treating inhalant abuse
...ed to expect toluene in a given location spent far less
time "seeking" toluene in that location after being treated with GVG than animals treated with a placebo. This elimination of conditioned place preference -- a model of craving in which animals develop a preference for a place where they have previou...
Researchers determine genetic cause of Timothy syndrome
...eart, but its role in other parts of the body were less
clear," said Keating. Studies of the pattern of activity of the gene for the channel in humans and mice revealed that it was expressed not only in heart muscle cells, but also in adult and fetal tissues of the brain, gastrointestinal system, l...
Belgian researchers explore revolutionary approach to angiogenesis
...a study in mice that the arterioles (blood vessels less
than 0.5mm in diameter) that feed tumours have the ability to contract in response to increases in pressure within their lumen (the space within the blood vessels). Equivalent sized blood vessels in healthy tissue can't do this. "What this means is t...
Chemical derived from vitamin-E shows early promise as cancer drug
...d that mice treated with aerosolized alpha-TEA had less
than half the number of lung micrometastases as untreated mice (an average of 31 versus 73 detected cancer cells or small clusters of such cells). In addition, 48 percent of nearby lymph nodes of those mice lacked any microscopic signs of cancer, tho...
Cancer vaccine based on pathogenic listeria bacteria shows promise targeting metastases
...e in the vaccinated mice, but with a thousand-fold less
toxicity than the wild bacteria. Cerus then took the genetically engineered listeria and inserted cancer antigens, again using a technique developed by Portnoy, then infused the vaccine into the mice. All showed tumor regression and reduced lung meta...
'Most recent common ancestor' of all living humans surprisingly recent
..., the most recent common ancestor would have lived less
than 1,000 years ago. He also introduced the "identical ancestors point," the most recent time -- less
than 2,000 years ago in the simplified model -- when each person was an ancestor to all or ancestor ...
Genetic differences might help distinguish thyroid cancers
...R) technology, which is far more available and far less
costly than microarray analysis. Other Ohio State researchers involved in the study were first author Micheala A. Aldred, Sandya Liyanarachchi, Natalia S. Pellegata, Sissy Jhiang, Ramana V. Davuluri and Albert de la Chapelle. ...
Far more men than women favor routine paternity testing at birth
...us. Previous studies have shown that generally less
that 1 percent of married women bear children fathered by men other than their husbands. The exceptions are studies conducted among women living in extreme poverty in the United States, Mexico and England, where the rate was as high as 10 percent. ...
UCSF scientist Joe Derisi named MaCarthur Fellow
... the microarray to studies of diseases that, while less
sensational in their debut, wreak havoc on people's lives. In collaboration with infectious disease specialist Don Ganem, MD, and pulmonologist Homer Boushey, MD, he is studying the viruses that may cause or exacerbate respiratory illnesses, includin...
Researchers devise potent new tools to curb ivory poaching
...n 300 miles and 80 percent were accurate to within less
than 600 miles. Accuracy was much greater among forest populations, which are more clearly defined because of terrain. The new method allows for speedy determination of where a particular ivory sample came from, Wasser said. That is important becaus...
Indiana University, EPA to study airborne PCBs
...t 10 times higher than PCB levels at the decidedly less
urbanized study site at Eagle Harbor on Michigan's...The scientists found that wild salmon tended to be less
contaminated. Another study, published last year in the National Institutes of Health journal Enviro...
Rice finds 'on-off switch' for buckyball toxicity
...ntified specific alterations that render them much less
toxic. "There are many cases where toxicity is desirable," said Vicki Colvin, CBEN director, professor of chemistry and chemical engineering, and the principal investigator for the research. "For example, we might want particles that kill cancer cell...
UCI scientists successfully target key HIV protein; breakthrough may lead to new drug therapies
...roved toxic to cells. He is now seeking to develop less
toxic compounds that will have high potencies against Nef without causing collateral damage. A key benefit of this achievement, he added, would be the development of therapies using smaller molecules, which can often be used in oral medications. Ther...
Females may be more susceptible to overindulge 'sweet tooth' cravings than males
...he temptation to overeat? And could exercise be a less
effective method of appetite suppression in women ...ke reduction associated with the exercise was much less
dramatic in the female rats, and unlike male rats, female rats exercised less
when sweet foods were...
Enzyme maintaining chromosome ends is linked to bone cancer recurrence, decreased survival
...nce a recurrence of the cancer after treatment and less
likely to survive if the cancer cells are expressing the telomerase gene. This finding, from investigators at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, appears in the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO). Osteosarcoma is the most comm...
Anthrax enzyme images reveal secrets of antibiotic resistance, suggest new drug design
...get within the enzyme structure that would be much less
likely to develop resistance to an antibiotic, the researchers say. "Until now, no one had produced images of sulfa drugs binding to DHPS," said Stephen White, Ph.D., chairman of the St. Jude Structural Biology department. "Without that kind of vis...
New fossil sheds light on old mystery
...ts concluded that the long, stiff neck was more or less
a consequence of growth patterns rather than a spe... to draw near its prey stealthily so it would have less
of a chance of being detected. "To a fish in murky water, Dinocephalosaurus' head would have initial...
A long-necked sea predator from China described in Science
...s almost twice as long as its trunk which measured less
than one meter in length. These findings appear as...e, the new fossil's long neck contains 25 somewhat less
elongated neck vertebrae. With relatively short and broad limbs containing few bones, Dinocephalosa...
Termites could hold the key to self-sufficient buildings
...services (e.g. heating and ventilation) and so use less
energy and other resources than conventional structures. Loughborough University is leading this innovative project, with funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). The initiative will include research in Namibia to...
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Surrealist Art: Objects and Meanings
Augustus LunnThis work picks up on the themes of disorientation and depopulated landscapes as well as hinting at a coastline structure. Of the four works featured here it is this one which illustrates the rapid response of British artists, being painted not long after the International Surrealist exhibition.
Lunn has constructed an impossible space with tilted perspectives, transparent and dislocated volumes, devices which deliberately leave the spectator disorientated and unsettled. One’s eyes circle round and round the spiral, centring on the mid-ground column in a vain struggle to make sense of the space, which the image continually prevents.
Lunn (1905 – 1986) was from Preston in Lancashire moving to Surbiton in 1918. He studed at Kingston College of Art, winning a scholarship to the Royal College of Art. He became a mural painter, restorer and teacher exhibing alongside many well known English artits such as Edward Wadsworth, and John Armstrong.
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If a tick bites you:
- Don’t squeeze, twist or squash it. Don’t burn it with a match or cover it with Vaseline.
- Use fine-point tweezers or a special tick-removing tool. Grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible. If you don’t have tweezers, protect your fingers with a tissue.
- Pull the tick straight out with steady, even pressure. Click here to view a tick’s mouth and why it is so important to pull out the tick correctly.
- Disinfect the bite area and wash your hands.
- Save the tick for testing (alive if possible) in a small bottle or plastic bag with a green leaf or damp piece of tissue.
- Label it with your name, date, site of bite and how long tick was attached.
If you’ve been bitten, you can send the tick to test and determine if the tick is carrying the pathogens that can lead to tick-borne illness to the following organizations:
Whether or not you find a tick, stay alert for symptoms of tick-borne illness. A bull’s-eye rash indicates Lyme disease, though not everybody with Lyme gets one. You might have a different rash or none at all. You may develop flu-like symptoms—fever, headache, nausea—or joint pain or dizziness. Consult a physician as needed.
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Basics of Load Testing
Testing is one of the main elements of application/system development. Testing ensures that your users can do what they want without getting frustrated. Without testing, you risk the presence of bugs and delayed response time causing frustration to your user. When your user is frustrated, it leads to a poor customer experience.
When your customer doesn’t have a great time with your application, good luck seeing him use his application one more time. Remember - your customers will never love a product that doesn’t perform as promised.
It may be harsh, but we live in a fast-moving world where your user’s experience is all that matters. If your user experience is not on point, your customer will move on to your competitor. That is exactly why testing is a lifelong process that you should be doing constantly. Stop testing and you lead your way to failure.
In this blog post, let’s take a look at what is Load testing and how it will help you develop a better application.
Table Of Contents
What is Load testing?
How is Load testing done?
What kind of questions can you answer with a load test?
What are the different kinds of performance tests out there?
What is Load Testing?
Load testing is the process of creating a simulation for an application or a system that you are developing. It is mostly down to products that are nearing completion ( software in the final stages of development ). Developers may also test old products when they have launched a new update or made some changes in the software.
How is Load testing done?
Developers use testing software that runs specific tests on your application/system under test. These software programs are designed to simulate the real-life application of the application after it is launched.
For example: Let’s say that you have SaaS software which you are creating for medium-sized organizations. You create this software with a maximum of 50 users simultaneously.
So your load test would mimic the usage patterns of 50 users for your application. After you run the testing software, you can get an idea if it can handle the load that you’ve designed it for.
If the application crashes anywhere before 50 users, you need to rework the application and its structure. Your developer team needs to identify the areas which might be problematic and rework them.
If your application runs smoothly at 50 users, you have matched your theoretical expectations with practical expectations. In simple words, it means that your application/system is ready to be released.
Here’s how a load test works in real-time
What kind of questions will be answered with a Load Test?
As a Developer or a project manager, here are some questions you can answer with a load test.
- What is the average response time for each user in my application?
- What is the maximum usage limit of my application?
- Is the current IT infrastructure sufficient to handle the predicted loads?
- What is the accuracy of the results generated by my application?
- How easy it is to maintain synchronization among users?
- Are there any places of bottlenecks in my application?
- Was the application stable under the current load metrics?
- Was the system lagging at any specific point of time?
- If it was, what was the function that predominantly caused that?
- If that function is irrelevant, how can we remove that?
- If that function is relevant to the application how can we make it better?
- Are there any page load issues with a high load?
And finally the most important question of all - Does my application satisfy the needs of my client or organization?
This is important because at the end of the day your well-designed applications and systems will be used to satisfy the needs of your end customer. To satisfy the needs, it must do what it is designed to do.
Let’s assume that you have a client who wants a notification to pop-up after a user has used the application for more than 5 minutes. This notification must pop-up for every single user. This client expects up to 2000 concurrent users for his application.
Concurrent users are a bunch of people who log in to an application, perform a very specific set of activities at the same time and log off. It is like a WhatsApp group where everyone logs on when a message is posted. After reading the message and maybe replying back to it, most of them will log off.
Now you will set up a load test that mimics the usage patterns of 2000 users logging in at the same time. You will then measure the precision of the ‘Pop - up’ in each test set and measure it accordingly.
What are the different kinds of performance testing models?
Apart from load testing, you have a bunch of live testing models for your applications and systems. Here is a list of some of the commonly used tests.
Baseline testing is a way to identify the working of your application in the baseline metrics. Baseline testing helps you figure out the performance of your system on very minimal loads. Once you record the readings on these minimal loads, you can add more stress to identify maximum loads and breaking points. The main goal of this test is that it gives you a reference on how a system performs under normal conditions.
Under load testing, you may increase the load from the baseline value and see how the system reacts to it. This is the test where you monitor factors like
- Response time
- Server conditions
- Overall performance
The goal of this test is to identify if you’re theoretical predictions match the practicality of your applications and systems. In summary, it helps you to identify if the system matches your theoretical predictions
Under stress testing, you need to identify the load where your system actually malfunctions or stops functioning. Yes, the goal of this test is to take your system to the point of no return and just break it. The goal of this test is to identify the load at which the system stops functioning. A more precise goal would be to identify the reason for the system breaking at this critical load.
Developers apply scalability for applications that are in the final stage of completion. It helps you identify how the performance of your application changes with frequent changes in load characteristics.
Let’s say that you have 2000 users and the system has a response time of 2.5 seconds. If 2000 new users log in to the system, the response time must still be at 2.5 seconds.
The performance of your system must also scale with a scaling load.
A load test will help you get past the most common problems with your application before it launches. It also helps you refine the system and make sure it meets the real-life needs of your clients or organizations. Load testing might be tedious, but it’s necessary to develop a successful application/system.
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In this day and age it is important to educate ourselves and our children about sex and sexuality no matter their age.
“A parent may consider their live-away college freshman a newly minted adult, but, biologically, teens remain in adolescence until about age 25. While their brains are still developing, they are more likely to take risks, use poor impulse control, and be self-conscious. These are all risk factors for unhealthy sexual decisions.”
Melanie Davis is the Our Whole Lives Program Associate in the Faith Development Office of the Unitarian Universalist Association.
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I Love My Car But I Love the Planet Too
Nowadays, being a self-proclaimed petrol head can land you in an awkward conversation about the environment. There is no denying that car fumes have a significant impact. After all, we’re all aware of the risks of outdoor pollution. However, it doesn’t mean that petrolheads should feel guilty about their love of driving and cars in general. You can love your car and the planet at the same time. More importantly, you don’t need to buy an electric vehicle to prove to your friends that you’re a conscientious driver. Here are some of the ways you can stop feeling guilty about your car.
You can choose to drive less whenever possible
First of all, having a car is not quite the same thing as driving it everywhere. You can make a conscious choice to drive less to reduce your impact on the environment. For instance, switching to public transports or using the cycling path for short distances can dramatically reduce your carbon footprint. You can also arrange a car-sharing schedule with co-workers so that you can actively share miles and reduce the number of cars on the road. In other words, owning a car doesn’t mean you can’t use it responsibly.
Changing your car is not always an option
While driving leads to high CO2 emissions, cars have more than one way of affecting the planet. The process involved in manufacturing vehicles is highly damaging – regardless of whether you own a diesel or an electric car. As a result, it’s fair to say that drivers who keep their vehicles for longer and look after their cars – from regular maintenance work to sct tuner improvements, for instance – are a positive force for the environment. Indeed, if all drivers were to keep their vehicles on the road for a few more years, car manufacturers could significantly reduce their production volumes.
Are we ready to use electric cars yet?
Even though more and more manufacturers have promised to go electric, it’s fair to say that drivers are not convinced by rechargeable vehicles. Indeed, an electric car will need to be recharged sooner than you’d need to refuel your petrol engine. As a result, it may not be suitable for long-distance commutes. Additionally, despite the increasing number of charging stations throughout the US, EV owners continue to struggle to find a charge point on their route. Many have to research the most suitable itinerary ahead of the journey to identify where public chargers are. Additionally, while it takes only a handful of minutes to refuel a petrol engine, charging an EV can take the whole night, making long journeys almost impossible. Petrolheads have not bought an EV because vehicles are not suitable for everyday use.
Are electric cars zero-emission cars?
Finally, it’s important to mention that charging an EV can have a negative impact on the environment. Indeed, depending on how the electricity is produced, the vehicle may not help to tackle climate change. In other words, less fumes may not be a good thing, after all, if the charging method is not green.
Should petrol heads feel guilty about driving their favorite cars? The answer is no. While you need to be more environmentally-aware in your choices, it’s fair to say that the EV revolution has still a long way to go. As for now, mindful petrol heads can be a positive force of change for a greener road behavior.
Tia, and TipsfromTia.com is trying to keep you looking good and
feeling good, from the inside out. If you’ve got a problem or a tip email me! Be sure to Like and share on Facebook or Follow on Twitter or Instagram.
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Each NPK is specially developed for a different stage in the plant’s life cycle similar to humans who need different diets at different stages in their life-cycle. We emphasize changing your spray formulation at each cycle. Each cycle in the plant life is different from growth to bloom to fruiting. Therefore it needs more or less different elements to complete its job at each cycle. Plant growth energies can be divided into two separate parts during its life cycle.
ANIONIC In this stage the plant is in the growth mode. It starts from the time the plant emerges from the seed to the point where the plant has matured or begins to flower. Higher nitrogen is needed to aid the plant in this stage.
Use = 10-8-8, 16-4-8, 15-0-15, 21-0-0, 20-4-4, 8-2-4, 28-0-0, 20-0-10, sc12-0-0, & 18-6-12
Young plants need growth right up until maturity, which is usually just before blooming, or bud-initiation stage. The plants at this stage need a higher NITROGEN NPK. The nitrogen element is needed for growth, along with a proportionate combination of PHOSPHORUS and POTASSIUM. By supplying the plant with extra nitrogen via foliar sprays, you are helping the plant in growth by supplying that extra nitrogen. This can mean quicker blooming and healthier plants.
CATIONIC This stage of the plant is from flowering to harvest. The plant is in production mode and no longer actively growing. Higher PHOSPHORUS and POTASH is needed in this stage.
Use = 6-14-6, 5-30-10, 0-25-0, 7-21-0,
9-18-9, 6-19-0, & 3-18-18
Once your plants have started to produce buds or blooms you have a plant that is matured and is ready for the production of your crop. This is where we change from higher nitrogen to a higher PHOSPHATE product. The idea being not to allow your fruit coming from the blossoms to grow too fast with high nitrogen. You want to be more concerned at this stage to form a fruit that contains higher pound solids and more body. Phosphate will supply the cells that are being formed at this stage to fill in with body, giving more weight and mineral value. Too much nitrogen at this stage will just make the cells grow and not form the body or mineral content, making the produce sour and shortening the shelf life. The right concentration of nitrogen, PHOSPHORUS, and potash is needed to give a complete balance in this stage.
(K) POTASH / POTASSIUM
Use = 3-18-18, 0-31-23, 0-0-15, 0-0-15, 0-0-25-17s, 10-10-10, Superhume/Seaweed®
Once your plants have produced fruit and that fruit has formed and begins to grow or mature. High POTASH with high PHOSPHORUS is needed with just the right combination of nitrogen to allow a good balance. This will help build quality in your crop.
Whatever plant stage you are in, you can pick the right product.
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HOME / CASE STUDY / ONGC&CONCOR
Case Study Empowerment
Due to poor quality of water and presence of chemical/bacteriological contamination, many water borne diseases are spread, causing untold misery, and in several cases even death, of people from underdeveloped regions. It has been proven time and again that these diseases negatively affect health and education especially of children living in rural areas. The need was to find a sustainable solution to this problem.
On the behest of the ONGC and CONCOR foundation, Walchand Plus in association with Bahubali Gulabchand Foundation, enabled the installation of water purifiers in 5 schools of Baksa District of Assam and encouraged children to make use of the facility provided. This initiative has helped children to access clean and safe drinking water.
Approximately 39000 children were impacted by the Swacch Vidyalaya program. This initiative also helped in integrating hygiene messages in daily school curriculum like morning assembly and prayers, & during social sciences classes. This will help to radically reduce spread of water borne diseases, thereby helping children and school authorities maintain a healthy and hygienic surrounding.
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The DP Physics HL course is both broad and pretty deep (heavy would be a better word) as well. The students would definitely agree it is challenging. So why would anyone choose to put themselves through Physics HL? A good question indeed. I mean Physics is a serious business with no time to play; Right? I cannot deny there is plenty a time when we are crunching through theory (always absolutely fascinating theory I must add), but without hands on activities the subject would be a trudge. At every opportunity we’ll find an excuse to perform demonstrations and practical investigations. This helps to reinforce students’ understanding and to develop their problem solving and analytical skills.
During recent lessons we have been concentrating on the magnetic effect of currents which lends itself to some great activities. Why would you want to know about magnetism? Before the start of the latest units most of the students were blissfully unaware of how vital the Earth’s magnetic field is for life on Earth. The fact is The Earth’s Magnetosphere: protects us from the solar wind which would strip away the atmosphere and expose us to extremely hazardous radiation. We have also learnt that moving charged particles experience a magnetic force when moving in a magnetic field. In fact they can even move in helical paths trapped along magnetic field lines. This is part of the explanation for one of World’s most amazing natural phenomena The Aurora Borealis i.e. The Northern Lights: The Science & Beauty of Auroras (its OK to be smart) ; How the Northern Lights are created:
I could continue to give you a lesson on electromagnetism but perhaps it would be best for you to see for yourselves what we get up to in Physics lessons by watching one or all of the video links below. Please bear in mind the students had just returned from their DP bonding trip and had no advanced warning. This was all videoed on Tuesday. I am grateful to Aryan Chowdhury for editing the videos and sharing it with me given his present workload. The Electromagnet ; Jumping Conductors ; Pink Floyd on a Balloon!
DP Physics & Maths teacher.
DP2 Physics Tuesday
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The ergonomic benefits of a standing desk in the workplace have become well understood in recent years. Now those in K-12 education have taken notice about the performance gains an adjustable height desk can offer students.
The trend emerged last fall as a select number of schools across the country began experimenting with standing desks. This year, at least one school in California’s Bay Area converted almost all of its classroom workstations to accommodate a standing position. This spring, a number of schools across Canada rolled out adjustable height workstations.
Standing desks are the hot item in forward-thinking school districts. So what advantages do standing desks offer students?
- Increased energy burn. Studies show that standing desks help kids at a healthy weight burn 15-25 percent more calories—and up to 35 percent more for obese children.
- Better focus. This especially holds true for students with ADHD, who according to the National Education Association, need to be in motion to learn.
These claims are backed lots of anecdotal evidence by educators, and by a good deal of research as well.
- One study published in September 2014 in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health looked at 480 students in Texas schools. A set of children were assigned standing desks at random. Researchers found those students expended more energy and had higher step counts compared to their seated counterparts.
- Standing up in a collaborative setting is found to improve group productivity, according to a 2014 Washington University study. Researchers found that standing increases group arousal while lessening group idea territoriality, both of which result in more information elaboration and enhanced group performance.
How are schools using standing desks?
- As a secondary workstation. For standing group work, an adjustable height flipper table suits the task. Flipper tables are typically adjustable between 26 and 34 inches high, with enough room for six to eight students to stand around. Tops flip back to allow for easy storage. Some flipper tables have electronics that raise and lower the table top. Others are operated mechanically.
- As a primary all–day desk. Schools that implement individual standing desks use them as the primary seat in a classroom. Some schools, like the San Rafael, Calif., school mentioned above, offer kids stools in case they get tired. A standing desk accommodates the wiggles—some models like the Safco AlphaBetter have built-in “fidget bars” that engage students’ legs in a standing position.
Childhood obesity and attention-related issues are two of the most common challenges facing educators in the modern classroom. As schools and administrators look for ways to address these issues, a standing desk provides a simple, fixed-cost solution. Expect to see adjustable height desks for schools become more commonplace in the years ahead.
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Worldviews Unit 2 – Thinkers is our second unit for Worldviews, a course designed for MYP Individuals and Societies. To view all 12 lesson resources for this unit in one place, follow this link; alternatively, access the Google Slides presentations that form the basis for the individual classes below.
You’ll also find a course management folder, which contains an assessment tracker to enable you to keep track of the progress of each student, and frame the feedback you give them for formative assessments.
To access the worldviews lessons, become a member of theoryofknowledge.net. If you need any help with this process, let us know, and we’ll provide swift support.
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The test subject sat looking inquisitively at the screen. After giving it a little thought, he pecked out groups of shapes in proper numerical order, starting with one rectangle, then selecting the group of two rectangles, then three, on up. The onlookers seemed delighted at the evidence that their subject could count.
That subject wasn't a toddler learning his numbers, nor was it a pet. The counting creature was an animal that's likely way smarter than your pet: a pigeon. (Of course, if you have a pet pigeon, you're not surprised at all.) The pigeon's just one example of an animal some humans eat that's probably smarter than your pet kitty or guinea pig.
If that's the case, maybe you're thinking we shouldn't be eating animals from this list because it's a waste of their brains. Well, when you see that the pig made the top 5 and you start thinking about bacon, you may change your mind.
Pulled pork, pork chops, bacon ... the list of pig-based foods that we eat goes on and on, but for some reason, we never really talk about pig brains. Why think about pig brains when we can be thinking about eating a ham sandwich? Turns out that pigs also have food on the mind, and they've shown how intelligent they can be when it comes to getting more of it.
For example, domestic pigs can learn quickly how to put mirrors to use, peering at the reflected images of their environment to find food. Scientists also have done tests showing that pigs can instantly learn to follow each other when they think another pig knows the location of food. Even better, the leading pig often will try to throw the follower pig off the trail, so that it won't have to share the food [source: Angier].
It's not just the hunt for food where pigs show off their smarts. Pigs can be trained to do all sorts of tricks – jump through hoops, close and open cages, play video games with joysticks and even herd groups of another very smart animal we eat as food – sheep.
We usually think about eating the baby form of sheep, lamb, but people consume adult sheep as well, mostly in France, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, India, parts of China, Australia, and New Zealand [source: Apple]. We just call it mutton when it shows up on our dinner plate.
The tendency of sheep to follow their flock can leave people with the impression that these animals aren't the sharpest tools in the shed. Enter science to prove otherwise! Scientists have shown that sheep are at least as smart as rodents, monkeys, and in some tests, even humans. They recognize people, respond when you call their names and can react to the nuances of different facial expressions. Even cooler, these animals can form a mental map of their surroundings, and they show signs of being able to plan [source: Gray].
Taken individually, sheep show off their smarts much more so than when they're together in a flock. It's just rare that we encounter them alone, so we don't often get the chance to see them shine.
And now from the turf to the surf! Animals that might outsmart your pet aren't just found on land. Thought to be the world's smartest invertebrate, the octopus is a part of meals in countries across the Mediterranean and Asia, and is growing in popularity outside those regions as well [source: Bittman].
As tasty as this animal may be grilled with a squeeze of lemon, instead of eating it, we should be admiring it for its brain. The octopus brain is very complex, sharing features such as folded lobes and similar brainwave patterns with mammalian brains [source: Schweid]. Tales of octopuses opening jars, breaking out of cages and solving somewhat complex spatial problems abound. They take things apart, navigate their way through mazes and play. While that last point may sound silly, play actually demonstrates intelligence, showing just how well an animal can figure out and interact with its environment [source: Schweid].
A close cousin to the octopus with a very high brain-to-body-size ratio, the squid also swims onto this list. We're used to eating this cephalopod as calamari – fried, grilled or maybe folded into a seafood stew. As with an octopus (but not a human), the squid's brain is quite decentralized. In fact, three-fifths of it resides in the arms and tentacles, making individual tentacles able to act on their own [source: Williams]. However, the squid's brain is made of the same types of brain cells we have – neurons. Thanks to this shared cellular anatomy, we're actually able to learn a lot about ourselves by studying squid.
Squid are more difficult than octopuses to keep in the laboratory, but scientists have found that they too are good problem solvers, especially when it comes to escaping predators. And like humans, newborn squid use their brains to learn through a process of trial and error [source: Schwartz]. Perhaps the smartest part of a squid that scientists know the most about? Their skin. With thousands of color-changing cells called chromatophores just below the surface of their skin, squid can change color to blend into their backgrounds in the blink of an eye.
For the final animal on our list, we come back to the pigeon, better known on your dinner plate as squab. So maybe they aren't quite doing calculus, but these birdbrains actually are quite talented at math. The street pests can learn abstract rules about numbers, demonstrating an ability to count off shapes, rank them in ascending order, and perceive differences in numbers of groups of objects [source: Gorman].
Beyond math, pigeons have shown that they're able to recognize people who've been hostile toward them in the past and avoid them in the future [source: Gibson]. They can also recognize themselves in prerecorded videos [source: Toda and Watanabe]. Lastly, while you think these birds may be uncultured annoyances, they may be able to one-up you in museums, discriminating between Monet and Picasso paintings [source: Watanabe et al.]. Not bad for a bird you may order up to eat in a restaurant.
The two words mean very different things and are often used incorrectly. We'll clear up the confusion.
Author's Note: 5 Food Animals That Are Smarter Than Your Pet
I'd heard that pigeons were smart before, but it wasn't until I delved into researching this article that I truly got a good grasp of their intelligence. I'm not generally an animal hater – quite the opposite, actually. But pigeons are in another category altogether. Let's just say I'm not fond of them, to put it mildly. But now that I know how smart they are, I kind of feel like I should tip my hat to them. The birds are practically born with degrees in math and art history. Seriously?!?
- Angier, Natalie. "Pigs Prove to Be Smart, if Not Vain." The New York Times. Nov. 9, 2009. (Jan. 17, 2015) http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/science/10angier.html
- Apple, R.W. Jr. "Much Ado About Mutton, but Not in These Parts." The New York Times. March 29, 2006. (Jan. 17, 2015) http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/29/dining/29mutt.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
- Bittman, Mark. "Octopus Demystified." The Splendid Table. Dec. 12, 2000. (Jan., 17, 2015) http://www.splendidtable.org/story/octopus-demystified
- Borrell, Brendan. "Are Octopuses Smart?" Scientific American. Feb. 27, 2009. (Jan. 17, 2015) http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-octopuses-smart/
- Broad, William J. "Squids Emerge As Smart, Elusive Hunters of Mid-Sea." The New York Times. Aug. 30, 1994. (Jan. 18, 2015) http://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/30/science/squids-emerge-as-smart-elusive-hunters-of-mid-sea.html?pagewanted=1
- Gibson, Megan. "Pigeons Remember That You Hate Them, Will Probably Plot Revenge Later." Time. July 6, 2011. (Jan. 18, 2015) http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/07/06/pigeons-remember-that-you-hate-them-will-probably-plot-revenge-later/
- Gorman, James. "How Smart Is This Bird? Let It Count the Ways." The New York Times. Dec. 22, 2011. (Jan. 18, 2015) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/science/pigeons-can-learn-higher-math-as-well-as-monkeys-study-suggests.html?_r=2&
- Gray, Richard. "Sheep are far smarter than previously thought." The Telegraph. Feb. 20, 2011. (Jan. 17, 2015) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/8335465/Sheep-are-far-smarter-than-previously-thought.html
- Kluger, Jeffrey. "Not Birdbrains Anymore: Scientists Discover Pigeons Can Count." Time. Dec. 28, 2011. (Jan. 18, 2015) http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2103172,00.html
- Meyer, Fox. "How Octopuses and Squid Change Color." Smithsonian Institution. (Jan. 18, 2015) http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-news/how-octopuses-and-squids-change-color
- Schwartz, Mark. "Smart squid may unlock the secrets of how animals and people learn." Stanford University News Release. March 22, 2000. (Jan. 18, 2015) http://web.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/00/000323gilly.html
- Schweid, Richard. "Octopus." Reaktion Books. 2014.
- Toda, K.; Watanabe, S. "Discrimination of moving video images of self by pigeons." Animal Cognition. Vol. 11. pp. 699-705. October 2008.
- Watanabe, Shigeru; Sakamoto, Junko; Wakita, Masumi. "Pigeons' discrimination of paintings by Monet and Picasso." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Vol. 63. pp. 165-174. March 1995.
- Williams, Wendy. "Kraken: The Curious, Exciting and Slightly Disturbing Science of Squid." Abrams Image. 2011.
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Sprained Ankle Clinic
When someone sprains usually immediately think to go to Traditional Chinese Medicine and do massage to treat the sprained ankle. Is this mindset correct or how people justified who to see? what actually happens when we sprain?
Actually sprain occurs when the ligaments stretching (connective tissue) causing a partial tear / partial or happening stretch the muscles and tendons (connective tissue / fittest linkage connects muscle to bone), causing an inflammatory reaction. Sprains occur most often in the ankle / ankle, wrist, and finger joints.
Symptoms of Sprained Ankle
Symptoms that often arises are as follow:
- redness of the skin looks
- and of course will interfere with the function of the affected part.
So what needs to be massaged???
On medical treatment procedures, of course it is actually not recommended. Why is it so? because in the event of trauma to the muscles, ligaments and tendons, by doing the massage will only aggravate the condition of trauma and inflammatory processes to occur.
then what should we do to cope with sprains?
Handling sprains itself is actually very simple, the medical world is known as the RICE principle which I will try to describe one by one as follows:
R = Rest / break for a while due to excessive activity on the part of the sprain will lead to further complications, such as torn ligaments will get worse.
I = Ice, Remember to give a cold compress with ice instead of warm water in case of a sprain that just happened. Because when the injury took place would happen happen tear blood vessels that result in the release of the “content” of the blood vessels into surrounding tissues which lead to inflammation, blood vessels also widen (dilate) in response to inflammation. Giving ice compression aims to “constrict” the blood vessels widen, thereby reducing swelling. Do cold compresses 1-2 times a day for about 20 minutes no more. Because if it is too long will also interfere with blood flow.
Another case in a case that has long sprains occur / are characterized by chronic inflammation such as swelling, red color without pain, then the principle of warm compresses can be done.
C = Compression, suppression / compression on the injury to the fabric / elastic bandages that can be done to reduce swelling. In bandaging try not too tightly so that blood flow is not disturbed that it could hinder the healing process.
E = Elevation, lift the injured part higher than the heart anatomy. For example, if the ankle / injured your ankle then the part can be propped up with pillows as high above the heart to reduce swelling process.
Once the process is done then we just wait for 3-5 days for the swelling to reduce.
If you are experiencing sprained ankle, ideally is to get an X-ray to exclude the chance of fracture and to seek proper treatment to avoid recurrent sprain. We are dealing with a lot of sprained ankle problem and we are sprained ankle clinic in Singapore.
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Looking for sprained ankle clinic? Please contact us by calling (65) 64762106 or Schedule an Appointment here on our website. Our professional orthopedic specialist, Dr. Kevin Yip, has more than 20 years experience. Be assured that you will be receiving professional treatments that suit your needs. Consultations are covered by most insurance.
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Why more Canadians are leaving a gift to charity in their Wills
We are so very lucky. Supporters of Thames Talbot Land Trust (TTLT) are thoughtful individuals, who share a concern for nature protection and conservation and are committed to building a better future for all.
Often people think about contributing to the causes they care about with monthly donations or volunteering time, but there is a growing number of people who are going one step further to leave a gift to charity in their Wills. These people are ordinary Canadians who’ve realized they can make a powerful contribution that will last for generations to come, without taking away from the resources they or their families need.Read more
The Need to Plant Native Species
This article was written by Bipin Dhinsa.
People always ask: “What’s the difference between planting native plants vs non-native plants?” In short native plants change the world for the better.
The term “native plant” has several definitions. In general, a native plant is described as a plant that has existed in the region for thousands, if not millions, of years and has evolved with other plants and wildlife in the same region over that time. Native plants can include ferns, grasses, perennials, annuals, shrubs, vines, among others. Some may already be growing in your garden! Popular native garden plants include: New England Asters (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae), Black Eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta), Hop Trees (Ptelea trifoliata) and Elderberries (Sambucus canadensis).Read more
Carolinian Friends on the Berm
The following article was written by the Grade 8 Eco-Class at Kettle Creek Public School in Port Stanley to highlight Carolinian species at a site near and dear to their hearts called "The Berm". The Berm is located along the Lake Erie shoreline and is important regional habitat for a variety of species. We'd like to give a big thank you to the Grade 8 Eco-Class for sharing their work with us and high-fives all around for being such caring and passionate students for the protection of nature!
The Carolinian Zone may only make up 1% of Canada’s total land mass, yet it is bursting with more flora and fauna than any other ecosystem in the country. We who are privileged to live here in the most unique life zone must take care to acknowledge and respect that it is also the most endangered ecological zone in Ontario.
Did You Know?
“The Carolinian zone habitats and ecosystems include forests, tallgrass prairies and savannas, wetlands, shorelines, and other aquatic habitats. Fifty-eight of these ecosystem types is considered rare. Each of these ecosystems has a distinctive set of species”. Carolinian Canada
“The Berm”, the eastern headlands of the waterfront, is home to many Carolinian friends. Some of the following species you might have seen in the natural wetlands, others surveying the area for food, or migrating. The Berm has become part of our natural ecosystem.
Everyday, Katey Berzins, a Port Stanley resident, takes photos on the waterfront lands and shares them with the community. Katey’s pictures convey just how nature is around us and more important how key a healthy ecosystem is for not only clean air and water but our well-being.
The photos below are from Katey Berzins. Thank you Katey for sharing these amazing photos with us!Read more
Giving Tuesday: Strong Attachments to Bebensee Tract
Leading up to Giving Tuesday 2021, we are excited to present the stories of TTLT supporters and their relationships with our nature reserves. The final story that we are honoured to share is that of Lenore Patterson and her strong attachments to Bebensee Tract.
Giving Tuesday: Memories of Hawk Cliff Woods
Leading up to Giving Tuesday 2021, we are excited to present the stories of TTLT supporters and their relationships with our nature reserves. The second story we have the privilege to share is from Bob Johnstone highlighting the sights, sounds, and more that bring him back to Hawk Cliff Woods.
Giving Tuesday: Prescribing Joany's Woods
Leading up to Giving Tuesday 2021, we are excited to present the stories of TTLT supporters and their relationships with our nature reserves. First up is the story of Lynn Vander Vloet and her connection to Joany's Woods.
Stories from 20 Years: Just the Beginning
Many great stories begin with someone taking a chance, and that is how my story with Thames Talbot Land Trust began.
In April of 2019, I was fresh out of college with my post-graduate certificate and looking for the opportunity to gain traction in the environmental field.
Previously, I had struggled immensely to find an environmental job. After graduating university in 2017, I sent my resume and cover letter far and wide, but no one was interested in hiring someone who had no environmental work experience. After a year of no luck, enrolling in the Environmental Management and Assessment post-graduate certificate program at Niagara College was my next step, and as it came to an end, I wondered if I would have the same difficulties.Read more
Stories from 20 Years: Remebering Jane Bowles
To those long acquainted with TTLT, the name Jane Bowles is a familiar one but, to those newer to the organization, her legacy may be less well known. A passionate advocate for the Trust since its early years, she had a profound influence on its evolution that continues to be felt today.
Raised in Kenya by a botanist mother and a nature-loving father, Jane acquired her naturalist skills at an early age. She proudly told stories of birding with Roger Tory Peterson and hobnobbing with the Leakeys of anthropology fame. After graduating in Botany from the University of Aberdeen, she came to Canada to study the effect of recreational pressure on the sand dune ecosystems of Pinery Provincial Park, which led to her obtaining a doctorate in Plant Sciences.Read more
Schools Program Moving Forward
Oh, how time flies! It seems like yesterday that we were filling out an application for the Ontario Trillium Foundation (OTF) Grow grant to grow the Thames Talbot Land Trust’s (TTLT) Schools Program. The goal was to teach youth about ecosystem restoration and provide hands-on experiences to improve local natural areas (i.e TTLT nature reserves) and empower students to make a difference in their communities. June 2021 marks the third and final year of the OTF Grow grant, so we thought it would be a good time to reflect on all that the students have accomplished and what this means for TTLT’s Schools Program moving forward.Read more
Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina)
The dinosaur-like Snapping Turtle is under special concern status in Canada, which means that it may be threatened or endangered due to a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. They are Canada’s largest freshwater turtle, growing 20-36 cm in length and weighing between 4.5-16.0 kg. Snapping turtles have large black, olive, or brown shells, usually covered in algae. Their tails can be longer than their bodies and have dinosaur-like triangular crests.Read more
My Time at TTLT as a Co-operative Education Student
Hi, my name is Ryan Luksys, and I am a grade 11 student at Catholic Central High School (CCH) in downtown London. For the past month or so, I have been on a co-operative education placement with TTLT, and it has been an amazing experience. I have been able to do so many things and learn so much that I would never have been able to do in the classroom. From interacting with turtles, to plant identification and health assessment, TTLT has taught me so much and shown me what careers in the environment sector may be like so that I can plan for my future.
Here I am holding a snapping turtle and helping it cross the road.
Nature has always been important in my life. Whether I was building a tree fort in the woods with my friends, or fishing at the local pond, I enjoyed time spent in nature, so when I found out about the Environmental Leadership Program (ELP) that was offered at CCH, I knew that was the program for me. Sadly, that plan fell through because of conflicts with a program I was already in. I had to take another pathway, but I stayed in touch with the ELP teacher who recommended a few co-op placements, like TTLT. TTLT was one of the only organizations that was accepting co-op students, and that turned out to be a huge blessing, because most of the other kids in my co-op class only got to do online placements where they did desk work most days. I am so happy I was able to get out of the house and get my hands dirty while spending time in nature.Read more
Volunteering to Enhance Your Life and Career
I belong to a Facebook group called Wildlife Science Career Network where people who work in wildlife or conservation give online advice to newbies – like me. New graduates from conservation, wildlife, or environmental programs post often, and the one question I see the most begins with, “Help! Nobody will hire me. I have no experience. What can I do?” Guess what the most common answer is!
Volunteer. Volunteer. Volunteer.
New grads typically do not like this answer and reply, “I don’t have time”, or “Volunteering is for the privileged, I can’t work for free.”
I’m graduating this April with my Science degree. I do not want to be in the no-experience-boat, and I don’t want you to be either! To avoid the “no experience” dilemma, I will share with you what I know about volunteering and how it is affordable, does not take up a lot of time, and is not just for the privileged.Read more
Volunteer Spotlight: Julia Eastabrook
Julia Eastabrook: Former Staff, Current Volunteer, Forever Supporter
Julia’s story begins like many environmentally minded people, in the trees. As a child, Julia would explore the forest floor then oversee the woods by climbing the trees. As Julia grew older, she never lost her passion for nature and the environment, but also developed interests in the community and political issues.
Julia started working at TTLT in 2012 because “protecting nature and natural spaces is critical work”. Being involved with TTLT provided her the opportunity to be immersed in a network of environmentally conscious individuals with a lot of knowledge for nature. Julia described her experience as helping her to see “the forest for the trees. To understand how our ecosystem works and how it is interconnected.” Julia’s experiences also sparked her hobby of native plant gardening.Read more
Volunteer Spotlight: Cathy Hamel
Cathy’s story begins in Germany where a Canadian military couple were stationed and adopted her. They brought her back to Canada with them when she was 3 years old. “My dad always called me his souvenir of Germany.”
She spent her childhood years in North Bay and her teenage years in Niagara Falls. After studying Environmental Biology and Women’s Studies at University and a “short” 11-year stint working at Agriculture Canada, she became an autoworker for 30 years where she got heavily involved with the union. “Social activism led to much volunteering for various organizations, and I’d always been very interested in the natural world. I’ve been an avid birder since I was a teen and have belonged to various nature groups, so I was able to combine these two passions as a volunteer bird bander for Birds Canada for two seasons.”Read more
Volunteer Spotlight: Kaitlin Richardson
You may know Kaitlin Richardson as Thames Talbot Land Trust’s current President, but she is, and has been, a part of many environmental organizations in London, ON and surrounding areas in several capacities. Holding Bachelor and Master’s degrees in Environmental Science, as well as diplomas in Ecological Restoration and Rehabilitation and Environmental Assessment, Kaitlin strives to protect, steward, and restore nature for Ontario’s biodiversity and Species at Risk. Her passion has led to many years of experience within the environmental non-profit sector. In the past, she was the Stewardship Coordinator at TTLT, Project Manager at ReForest London, and an Urban Forestry technician at the City of London. She is currently a Conservation Biologist with the Nature Conservancy of Canada, and as well as being TTLT’s President, serves as chair of TTLT’s Property Management Committee (PMC), a committee that she has volunteered with for many years. Her passion for the environment also spills over into her spare time. “I’m often tending to my native plant garden, volunteering for environmental organizations, and taking long hikes to admire the local plants, birds, and turtles.”Read more
Conservation Spotlight: Enagagement
Along with protecting and restoring nature, here at TTLT we also nurture nature and nurture relationships with nature. Read about the launch of our revamped Volunteer Program, the success of a hybrid Biodiversity Boss program, and our journey into the world of webinars.
Volunteer Spotlight: Matthew Palarchio
Matthew Palarchio is one of Thames Talbot Land Trust’s newer and (probably) the youngest of our consistent supporters. His interest in the natural world started from a very early age. “When I was a boy, my mother took me on hikes in local natural areas of London, ON. I am also lucky to have a cottage on Lake Superior, where I spent the summers. In eighth grade, I had a little infatuation with trees, as I discovered that the forest was remarkably diverse. Into high school, I self-studied trees, so by the time I volunteered with TTLT in Grade 11, I could identify most trees in London’s natural areas, even when leafless.”Read more
Conservation Spotlight: Blain Farm Restoration
Welcome to Blain Farm, a 67-acre farm property with 1.3km of frontage along the Thames River on the edge of the Skunk’s Misery natural area. Thames Talbot Land Trust purchased the property in 2009 from Wilbert and Eleanor Blain, who’s family had farmed the land for over 70 years. TTLT recognized the importance both of agriculture in the area, and of the natural features of property, including a forested buffer along the river. This riverine forest serves as a natural corridor connecting the Thames River to the core of Skunk’s Misery, one of southwestern Ontario’s important natural areas.Read more
Volunteer Spotlight: Mick Dawdy
Mick Dawdy has had many different interests and hobbies over the years. In the 60s, reading science fiction was centre stage, followed by photography and sailing in the 70s and 80s, then micro computers in the 80s (necessitated by his role as a Professor at Fanshawe College). In the 90s, roller blading and martial arts captured his attention and in the current century, hiking, motorcycling, and off-roading in his Jeep occupy his time. At the age of 10, he began selling New Liberty magazines door-to-door, which inadvertently led him to a deep interest in chemistry. Depending on the amount of sales made, one could earn coupons that could be used to purchase a prize from the Prize Book. Mick ended up being quite the salesman and chose the ChemCraft Chemistry Set as his prize. He continued to fund this newfound interest through his teen years by delivering papers, doing drugstore deliveries, and babysitting. He would go on to pursue and complete a BA in math and economics, a MSc in computer science, and some work towards a PhD in Systems Engineering at Western University (more on that here).Read more
Conservation Spotlight: MeadowWoods
MeadowWoods is one of the newest additions to TTLT’s roster of nature reserves, with the official paperwork being signed this past September. Tucked in the southwest corner of Elgin County, MeadowWoods spans along 100 km of the Lake Erie shoreline as part of a larger coastal wildlife corridor. Its mixture of deciduous forest, wet meadow, and wetland provides ideal habitat for a variety of flora and fauna species, including the 200 species of migrant and resident birds, as well as many rare species.
Behind the Scenes: Attaching a Radio Transmitter to a Snapping Turtle
Ever wondered what it’s like to attach a radio transmitter to a Snapping Turtle? Allow us to show you through this series of captioned photos. All photos were generously provided by Cathy Hamel.
First, we need to find a turtle. Lucky for us, this lovely female Snapping Turtle just finished laying eggs, making her easy to spot. All we had to do was sit and wait until she left her nest.
Volunteer Spotlight - André Lachance
Nature and science have always been a part of André’s life in one form or another. André grew up in a suburb of Montreal. As a child, he found science to be extremely interesting, even though it wasn’t a strong feature of his elementary education. “My favourite subject was science, but the science class only lasted about 5 minutes late Friday.” At home, he would go to his basement “laboratory” where he would mix random chemicals and hope for something cool to happen. He jokes, “I did manage to release chlorine gas and sulfur oxide.”Read more
The Meadowlily Nature Preserve
Some land trusts are formed as people rally to protect a cherished natural area that is imperilled by development or some other threat. However, for the first two years of its existence, the Thames Talbot Land Trust (TTLT) was a landless land trust. It was an incorporated charity with a board of directors, by-laws, policies and several committees but – alas – no property to its name. It was a vision in search of its first tangible expression.
TTLT’s Mary Kerr with Carol and Rick Richardson at the dedication ceremony for the Meadowlily Nature Preserve (Photo credit: Dave Wake)
The Trust needed someone to take a leap of faith, someone to take a chance on an enthusiastic but young, and largely unproven, organization. Fortunately for TTLT, that someone – actually two “someones” – came along in the persons of Carol and Rick Richardson. For many years, Carol and Rick had enjoyed the charms of their 14.5-acre property on Meadowlily Road South in London. It featured several acres of mature hardwood forest, a meandering stream and an open meadow along the banks of the Thames River. Adding to its allure was the fact that it is situated directly across the road from the City of London’s Meadowlily Woods Environmentally Significant Area.Read more
Stories From 20 Years; Founding Member Profile – A.K. Betz
Grand visions are all well and good – even necessary – when launching a new organization, but there are some inescapable practical matters that soon also demand one’s attention. One of them, of course, is where the money is going to come from. Start-up costs abound, even for an all-volunteer organization, as the Thames Talbot Land Trust (TTLT) was in its early years. These include everything from the extraordinary – paying legal fees for incorporation – to the mundane – renting a post office box.
To fund this early phase of the Trust, a limited-time class of membership – termed Founding Member – was established. A Founding Member was any individual or organization contributing $1000 or more to the Trust during its first five years of existence. Fortunately for TTLT, nineteen individuals and three organizations answered the call, providing a firm financial footing from which to launch this bold undertaking.Read more
What Is It Wednesday: Milksnake
Name: Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum)
This week is our grand finale of our blog series “What is it Wednesday”, which will be featuring the Milksnake. The Milksnake can be found in Southern Ontario and Quebec with a northern range to Sault Ste Marie. This long, slender snake can reach a length of about 90 cm, while its body is no wider than its head. Being tan with reddish-brown blotches gives it a similar appearance to the Northern Watersnake, Eastern Foxsnake, Eastern Hog-nosed snake and Eastern Massasauga. Its key identifying features are the bold black outline around the blotches on its back and the V or Y shaped mark on its head. Having a similar appearance to the eastern Massasauga rattle snake comes in handy, as the Milksnake is able to use mimicry as a defense mechanism. When threatened the Milksnake will shake its tail, which creates a buzzing sound similar to a rattle snake’s while vibrating against dry vegetation. This defense mechanism isn’t always effective as raccoons, skunks, foxes and coyotes will still prey on them. The life span of a Milksnake in the wild is about 7-10 years. This isn’t very long considering that it takes them about 4 years to reach sexual maturity. Living in captivity they are known to live up to 20 years.Read more
What Is It Wednesday: Barn Swallow
Name: Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)
Barn Swallows are very distinguishable by the blue of their head, wings, and tail against the rusty cinnamon of their chest and belly. Their forked tail adorned with white spots is a dead giveaway while in flight, as is the fluidity of their wingbeats and their quick, acrobatic grace that allows them to make tight turns and dives in the blink of an eye. When perched, they tend to have what I like to call the hunched, grumpy stance. Their heads flatten into their body causing their neck to disappear, while their broad shoulders spread out. Very distinct and very cute.Read more
What is it Wednesday: Eastern Hog-nose Snake
Name: Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos)
The Eastern Hog-nosed snake is one of the most fascinating snakes in Ontario. The colours of the snake range from a grey and brown striped pattern to a blotchy yellow-orange and black, like that of the Fox snake, to a solid blue-grey, like the Blue Racer snake. The Eastern Hog-nosed snake also mimics the shape of the Massasauga Rattlesnake with a fat body and can reach lengths of about 1 meter long.
The Eastern Hog-nosed snake continues its mimicry of many other snakes in its multiple defense mechanisms. It’s first tactic is to lie motionless and depend on its camouflage to disguise itself. Failing this, it will puff out its neck, like a Cobra or Puff Adder, raise its head up and stand in a striking pose. Similar to a rattle snake, it will start to rattle its tail while holding its striking pose. Then it will strike, while keeping its mouth closed. This is all a bluff as its venom cannot affect anything larger than a small mammal. Its last tactic is to play dead. The snake will flip onto its back, exposing its belly and lie there with its mouth open and tongue hanging out. To top it all off, it will release a foul-smelling odour or even regurgitate its food. This is to deter predators that avoid rancid or decaying meals. It’s as if this snake is trying to take the identity of every other snake in the world.Read more
Stories From 20 Years; Mary Kerr
For many years, one of the hotspots of environmental activism and heritage protection in London was not in an elaborate board room but a modest home on Elworthy Avenue in the city’s Old South community.
A force of nature and a force for nature, Mary Elizabeth Kerr’s advocacy work began in the 1980s when she felt she needed to move from simply enjoying nature to actively working to protect it. Once Mary set her mind to something, there was no stopping her.Read more
What Is It Wednesday: Prothonotary Warbler
Name: Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea)
Prothonotary Warblers are a unique Carolinian Zone species. From head to belly, this bird is a bright golden-yellow with wings and a backside of olive-green and a dark blue-grey at its tail end. Compared to most other Warblers, they have unusually long bills and short legs. Their longer bills are essential for nest building - in North America, they are the only species of Warbler that creates its own nesting cavity by excavating dead or dying trees. They will also nest in pre-existing cavities made by Chickadees and Woodpeckers, natural cavities, and nest boxes. They sing a very clear and fast “Tsweet-tsweet-tsweet-tsweet”, which you will primarily hear in deciduous forests of the Carolinian Zone. Their foraging habits take place in the forest understory and on the ground, where they slowly hop around, looking for a tasty meal.Read more
What Is It Wednesday: Tulip Tree
Name: Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Also known as: Yellow Poplar (in terms of lumber)
Tulip Trees are fast-growing and are one of the taller trees that grow in southern Ontario. Most trees reach a height no greater than 20-30 m, but Tulip Trees, along with a few select others, reach heights of 35 m, sometimes greater. This majestic species can live up to 300 years, if given the time and room to grow. They are not related to Tulips (Tulips belong to the Lily family, whereas Tulip Trees belong to the Magnolia family), but somehow have leaves and flowers shaped like tulips. Odd, yes, but convenient for identification. The leaves of this tree grow to be 7 to 12 cm in length and are light green with 4 lobes that draw out the resemblance of a flat tulip. It’s 6-petaled flowers are yellow-green with an orange base. The flowers bloom in the summertime between May and June for at least a month but depending on the age and size of the tree, there may not be any flowers to be had. This is because it can take 15 years for a Tulip Tree to mature. Even once flowers are produced, they may still be out of sight as they tend to start blooming at the crown of the tree first before covering its whole length. Amazingly enough though, once a Tulip Tree starts producing flowers, they continue to do so every year for the rest of their (hopefully) long-lived life.Read more
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COVID-19 and GRIN Research
How is COVID-19 Impacting GRIN Disorder Research?
Our lives have changed in countless ways because of COVID-19 and social distancing requirements.
These regulations have also taken a toll on GRIN Disorder Research. Around the world, labs that aren’t focused on finding vaccines or treatments for COVID-19 have been shut down. Experiments are on hold and researchers have had to sacrifice some animals in order to keep veterinary and lab staff to a minimum.
We reached out to key GRIN researchers to ask how the shutdown is affecting their work.
The good news is that these researchers are doing everything they can to keep Coronavirus disruptions to a minimum. They’ve been able to maintain GRIN animal lines and have continued to make whatever progress they can while working from home. They're preparing to reopen their labs when it’s safe to do so. And they’re making plans to collaborate on clinical trials when restrictions are limited.
Here’s what they told us:
Amy Ramsey, University of Toronto, Canada
“Our laboratories are closed except to allow the maintenance of existing mouse lines. One of our mouse lines (GRIN1 Q536R) has been made and is waiting to be imported, but we are not allowed to receive them. We are also not allowed to perform any studies on mice except to genotype them. In fact, we were asked to cull animals before the shutdown to reduce the workload so we lost 72 cages of mice. This was tough psychologically. We have not furloughed any staff and have asked them to work from home. The graduate students remain busy with literature research, but the technical staff is unable to do very much from home. Our university is discussing different scenarios for reopening that would maintain social distancing, but we have not been given dates for reopening. I would say that we are still making progress, but it is certainly delayed (maybe we have lost 1.5 months out of the 2 months of shutdown). We have been able to maintain the colony of GRIN1 Y647S. We have ordered a third mouse line (GRIN1 M813T) to be made from a core facility but I believe the progress on that has completely stopped.”
Steve Traynelis, Emory University, USA
“Because our efforts on GRIN research require laboratory work, virtually all efforts are on hold. Emory closed all except ‘essential work’ which included covid-19 research, and long-range studies already started that involved, for example, animal lines. Thus, we were not able to continue new functional analyses of variants. Emory also mandated that all personnel get paid during the shutdown so that we don’t lose staff, so the grant that ends July 24 is continuing to be drawn down to cover personnel who were working on GRIN variants, despite minimal current efforts. It is unclear whether NIH will be able to use stimulus money to extend grants that were suspended but expensed. We are writing papers, organizing data, etc. from home, but this probably represents 20 percent effort. We have not lost any mouse lines and did generate the GRIN2B E413G line before the shutdown, but we cannot even genotype this line.”
Tim Benke, University of Colorado, USA
“All labs are shut down. The University is planning a phased re-opening in May. All work that can happen off site (home) is continuing. Because of this, we continue to enroll in the GRIN registry (contact [email protected]). Regulatory aspects of the study (altering the parameters of the study) have been slowed by COVID19 because our Review Board has been preoccupied (for example, allowing telehealth visits). Many clinical research studies are having to change their protocols due to COVID19; fortunately, we are continuing with our existing framework which did not require in-person visits. I am involved in 5 trials in non-GRIN disorders; these are all on hold.”
Graham Collingridge, University of Toronto, Canada
“My lab has been closed down for a few weeks now. The researchers are spending the time reading the literature, analyzing data and planning experiments for when we can return to work. I keep in touch on a daily basis with my research team via Zoom. There is minimal impact on our own research contribution so far, but it will start to cause delays if we cannot reopen the labs soon. We have been able to maintain our mouse colonies. This was a high priority for us.”
Ann Poduri, Boston’s Children’s Hospital, USA
“We are seeing patients and fielding inquiries remotely. As we hear of people who might want to enroll in the patient registry, we will certainly refer them to the study.”
Johannes Lemke, University of Leipzig, Germany
“As for the Covid-19 situation: So far, it did not negatively impact GRIN research in our institution.”
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Philippe de Mézières, Mézières also spelled Maizières (born c. 1327, Mézières, France—died May 29, 1405, Paris), French nobleman and author who championed Crusades to reconquer the kingdom of Jerusalem.
Born of poor nobility, Mézières was at first a soldier of fortune in Italy, serving Lucchino Visconti, lord of Milan, and then Andrew of Hungary, in Naples. Joining the Crusade led by Humbert II, he was knighted after defending Smyrna (modern İzmir, Turkey) against Turkish assault in 1346. When Humbert’s army disbanded, he made his way to Jerusalem, arriving in 1347. He conceived the idea of a new order of knighthood, Ordre de la Passion (“Order of the Passion”), whose members would be spiritually distant from worldly preoccupations and devoted to conquering the holy places. Although he later drew up a prospectus for this order, it never became a reality.
In 1347 Mézières went to Cyprus, where he found a kindred spirit in the son of the king of Cyprus, the future Peter I. He returned to France, again as a soldier of fortune. When Peter acceded to the throne of Cyprus in 1359, Mézières was made chancellor, and the two set off for Europe to win support for a new Crusade. The Crusade, finally launched against Egypt, culminated in the sack of Alexandria (October 1365). When Peter was assassinated in Cyprus in January 1369, Mézières was in Venice, where he remained until 1372. He then went to Avignon, where he worked to establish in western Europe the feast of the Presentation of the Virgin. He went to Paris and in 1373 was made a member of the royal council by Charles V and preceptor to his son, the future Charles VI. After the death of Charles V, he was compelled, with the other counselors of the late king, to retire. In 1380 he withdrew to the Celestine monastery in Paris, continuing to exert an influence on public affairs. Later he allied himself with Louis d’Orléans, brother of Charles VI.
Mézières’s major writings are the Vita Sancti Petri Thomasii (1659; “Life of St. Peter Thomas”), a biography of the legate; his prospectus on the Order of the Passion, Nova religio passionis (1367–68; revised and enlarged 1386 and 1396; “New Religion of the Passion”); and Le Songe du vieil pèlerin (1389; “The Old Pilgrim’s Dream”), an elaborate allegory containing autobiographical elements and advocating peace with England in the interests of the Crusades.
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Editor’s note: We invited Zubair Torwali, Executive Director of Idara Baraye Taleem-o-Taraqi, an organization that works to promote northern Pakistan’s languages, to tell us how the new Torwali language Android keyboard will help preserve the language.
Torwali, a Dardic language with around 80,000 speakers in the Swat Valley, is one of Pakistan’s 27 highly endangered languages. With mounting pressures to speak the dominant Pashto language, Torwali is neither used at the public schools nor part of the formal curriculum.
View of Bahrain, the main town of the Torwali community, in Pakistan’s Swat Valley. The town was built along the banks of the Swat River. (photo by Aftab Ahmad)
The Idara Baraye Taleem-o-Taraqi (IBT), which works to promote northern Pakistan’s languages (photo by Mujahid Torwali)
Brightly lit Bahrain by night (photo by Aftab Ahmad)
For a long time, Torwali had no written alphabet, and therefore, little in the way of a written tradition. Around a decade ago, however, a team of language activists associated with Idara Baraye Taleem-o-Taraqi designed a spelling system (orthography) for Torwali under the expert guidance of linguists and educationists from the Summer Institute of Linguistics. The orthography was adapted from Arabic, much like Urdu, Pakistan’s national language.
Torwali needs four special phonemes (distinct units of sound) which are not in Urdu:
/ɶ/; /ɕ/; /ʐ/; /ʂ/
represented in Torwali writing as
“ݜ", “ڙ” , “ڇ”, “ٲ”
In the Swat Valley, people primarily use Android smartphones to get access to the Internet and interact on social media.There are special keyboards for writing Torwali on computers, but only a few people in the Swat Valley have access to PCs. The question is then, how can people write in Torwali on their smartphones to communicate in their own language?
Wanting to make a specific Torwali script keyboard on Android smartphones, we contacted Google and worked with engineer Richard Sproat. Richard had experience building Tibetan and Khmer keyboards, and he helped us build a Torwali keyboard into the Android Gboard keyboard. So now anyone with an Android phone running Jellybean or higher will be able to type in Torwali. To turn it on, just go to Settings in Android and then choose Languages & input > Virtual keyboard > Gboard > Languages > Torwali. (If you don’t have Gboard already, you can always download it from the Google Play Store here.)
Now people in the Swat Valley can use the keyboard to text their friends and family or update their status on social media. Endangered languages like Torwali can only be maintained by linking them with modern information technology, and a Gboard keyboard for Torwali is one step toward that goal.
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Australia is a unique and diverse country in every way - in culture, population, climate, geography, and history. Australian culture is as broad and varied as the country's landscape. Australia is multicultural and multiracial and this is reflected in the country's food, lifestyle and cultural practices and experience. Australia has an important heritage from its indigenous people, which plays a defining role in the cultural landscape. This diversity of influences creates a cultural environment in Australia that is lively, energised, innovative and outward looking.
As of December 2014, Australia's population was approximately 23.6 million people. The most populous states are New South Wales and Victoria, with their respective capitals, Sydney and Melbourne. Australia is an island continent and the world's sixth largest country (7,682,300 sq km). The country is lying between the Indian and Pacific oceans and is approximately 4,000 km from east to west and 3,200 km from north to south, with a coastline 36,735 km long. Canberra is Australia's capital city. With a population of approximately 380,000 people and situated in the Australian Capital Territory, Canberra is roughly half way between the two largest cities Melbourne and Sydney.
Australia has 19 listed World Heritage properties. Australia is also famous for its landmark buildings including the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Australia follows a Westminster system of government and law inherited from the British who originally colonised the country.
Australia has, in recent years, become one of the most preferred destinations of Indian students for pursuing higher studies, and every year the number of students are increasing. The low cost of living and tuition fees and excellent lifestyle and weather are the major reasons for the popularity of Australia as a study abroad destination. India continues to be the second-largest source country for international student enrolments in Australia.
Australia has seven of the top 100 universities in the world! In fact, with over 22,000 courses across 1,100 institutions, Australia sits above the likes of Germany, the Netherlands and Japan, ranking eighth in the Universitas 2012 U21 Ranking of National Higher Education Systems.
Currently, this ‘land of kangaroos’ houses the third largest number of international students in the English-speaking world after the US and the UK. The other added advantages for this country in the Asia Pacific Rim include paid internships while studying. All these factors have made Australia one of the most popular locations for international students. It is home to approximately 38,4000 international students from over 140 countries in disciplines at every level of education, including short-term English language courses, Bachelor and Masters Degrees right through to Doctoral.
Australia has five of the 30 best cities in the world for students based on student mix, affordability, quality of life, and employer activity – all important elements for students when choosing the best study destination. And with more than A$200 million provided by the Australian Government each year in international scholarships, we’re making it easier for you to come and experience the difference an Australian education can make to your future career opportunities.
This country holds the reputation for adopting new technologies at a faster rate in comparison to most other countries. Most courses and training undertaken by international students in Australia are covered by Australian Qualification Framework (AQF); a system of learning that is authorized by the Australian government. It links Australian schools, vocational and higher education qualifications into a simple coherent structure of 15 nationally-recognized education and training awards
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Endangered Species in Santa Cruz County - Fish
This category includes 3 species...
- Coho Salmon
"Coho smolts generally migrate to the open ocean in the spring of their second year. ..."
- Steelhead Trout
"Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) belong to the family Salmonidae which includes all salmon, trout, and ..."
- Tidewater Goby
"The Tidewater Goby is a small, 2-inch long, bottom-dwelling fish with large fins, a ventral ..."
Browse by Status Key
E — Endangered
T — Threatened
CH — Critical Habitat
PE — Taxa proposed for listing as endangered
PT — Taxa proposed for listing as threatened
PCH — Critical habitat which has been proposed
C — Candidate species for which the Fish and Wildlife Service has on file sufficient information on the biological vulnerability and threats to support proposals to list as endangered or threatened
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The fall cankerworm is a common native pest of hardwood trees in North America. Therefore it is not surprising that this insect is found in Pennsylvania’s forests. This pest is in the insect family Geometridae. The larval stage of members in this family are called inchworms, loopers, or measuringworms. Common trees that this species prefers to feed on are ash, basswood, beech, black cherry, red maple, sugar maple, red oak, and white oak. It will also feed on the leaves of apple, birch, boxelder, dogwood, elm, hickory, and many other hardwoods. This pest gets its name because adults are active in late fall even though larvae feed in the spring. There is also a spring cankerworm, however, the adult stage of this species is active in early spring, and this insect is not as common as the fall cankerworm. Nearly every year, the fall cankerworm causes at least some small areas of defoliation in the forest. In Pennsylvania there have been four major outbreaks of this pest since 1932. The first was in 1953 in the southeastern part of the state. There was a statewide outbreak in 1959. An outbreak occurred from 1964 to 1967 in the northcentral part of the state and again from 1975 to 1977 in the same area.
Image 1 - Fall Cankerworm Larvae
J.H. Ghent - USDA Forest Service; UGA0488031b
Image 2 - Fall Cankerworm Adult
J.H. Ghent - USDA Forest Service; UGA2252047b
* These images are copyrighted by The University of Georgia and the individual photographers or organizations.
Mature larvae (Image 1) are about 25 mm long and can vary between light green and dark brownish-green. The light green caterpillars have white lines running down their body from the head to the tip of the abdomen. The dark brownish-green caterpillars have a black stripe the length of their back. When more dark colored caterpillars are seen, it may be a sign of a heavy infestation. Larvae have three pairs of legs on their thorax and three pairs of prolegs on their abdomen. The first pair of prolegs, when looking back from the head, is much smaller than the last two pairs. The pupa can be found just beneath the surface of the ground and is wrapped in a silken cocoon. The male moths (Image 2) have a 25-35 mm wingspread with brown glossy forewings crossed with irregular white bands. The females (Image 3) are brownish-gray, wingless, and 10-12 mm long. Eggs resemble a vase and are less that 1 mm in diameter. They are dark grayish-brown with a dot and a ring on top.
Image 3 - Fall Cankerworm Adult Female Alsophila pometaria (Harris) J.H. Ghent - USDA Forest Service UGA0488030b
This pest has one generation per year. Larvae hatch from late April to early May, that occurs the same time as leaves begin to emerge from the buds on host trees. During a major infestation, larvae can eat the leaves as fast as they grow. Larvae reach maturity in 5 to 6 weeks after hatching. Once mature, larvae lower themselves from the tree canopy on a silken thread. Once on the ground, they spin a cocoon made of silk and soil particles. The pupal stage is inside this cocoon. This species will remain in this stage until freezing temperatures occur from late October to early December. The wingless female simply climbs the nearest tree and mates with the male. Once mated, females lay about 100 eggs in compact rows in a single layer on smaller twigs and branches. This pest spends the winter in the egg stage.
Young larvae begin feeding on the area in between small veins on the leaf. However, once larvae are mature, they consume the leaf entirely leaving only the midrib and major veins. This pest often defoliates an entire tree. If defoliation occurs two years in a row, the tree can die, especially if it has been stressed by drought or poor site conditions. Outbreaks normally occur for a period of one to two years. Infestations can be a nuisance in public use areas, especially when the mature larvae are silking out of the tree. On windy days larvae can be blown onto people beneath the infested trees.
Monitoring for this species should begin in early May when young larvae have started feeding. If there is a significant population, a registered insecticide may be applied according to label directions when small larvae are feeding. Weather is also a factor in regulating this pest. Cool, wet spring weather has an adverse effect on its populations. There are also some natural enemies of this species. One is the tiny wasp, Telenomus alsophilae, that is an egg parasitoid. Another is the ground beetle, Calosoma frigidum, that feeds on larvae. On shade trees it is possible to place a sticky band around the trunk in late fall in order to capture females before they lay their eggs. This method, however, does not always work, especially if there are unbanded infested trees nearby.
Pesticides are poisonous. Read and follow directions and safety precautions on labels. Handle carefully and store in original labeled containers out of the reach of children, pets, and livestock. Dispose of empty containers right away, in a safe manner and place. Do not contaminate forage, streams, or ponds.
Authored by: Gregory A. Hoover, Sr. Extension Associate and Timothy R. Haydt, Undergraduate Student, Forest Science
Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences research, extension, and resident education programs are funded in part by Pennsylvania counties, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Visit Penn State Extension on the web: http://extension.psu.edu
Where trade names appear, no discrimination is intended, and no endorsement by Penn State Cooperative Extension is implied.
This publication is available in alternative media on request.
The Pennsylvania State University is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to programs, facilities, admission, and employment without regard to personal characteristics not related to ability, performance, or qualifications as determined by University policy or by state or federal authorities. It is the policy of the University to maintain an academic and work environment free of discrimination, including harassment. The Pennsylvania State University prohibits discrimination and harassment against any person because of age, ancestry, color, disability or handicap, national origin, race, religious creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or veteran status. Discrimination or harassment against faculty, staff, or students will not be tolerated at The Pennsylvania State University. Direct all inquiries regarding the nondiscrimination policy to the Affirmative Action Director, The Pennsylvania State University, 328 Boucke Building, University Park, PA 16802-5901; Tel 814-865-4700/V, 814-863-1150/ TTY.
© The Pennsylvania State University 2013
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Flu + Coronavirus = Flurona. What you need to know about co-infection experts are watching
The name conjures images of cheap cable horror flicks – think “Sharknado” – but flu-COVID dual infections are real. More cases are likely. And they’re not nearly as terrifying as flying sharks – especially for people who are vaccinated against one or both.
Texas Children’s Hospital announced this week that tests confirmed a child was infected with influenza A and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The patient was not hospitalized and is recovering at home, the hospital said. No other details were given.
“This is one confirmed case and, of course, we’ll be working with our colleagues across the country to see if there are more cases and whether we will see a distinct pattern in these cases,” Dr. Jim Versalovic, pathologist-in-chief and COVID-19 command center co-leader at the hospital, told reporters Monday.
COVID updates to your inbox:Get the latest on cases, treatments, news and more. Sign up here.
The announcement comes a few days after Israel reported its first confirmed “flurona” case in an unvaccinated pregnant woman at the Beilinson Hospital in Petah Tikva, the Times of Israel reports.
Health experts expect to see more “flurona” amid rapidly rising flu and coronavirus cases, the latter being driven by the highly contagious omicron variant. And this isn’t the first time health care providers have seen co-infections of the flu and COVID-19, as well as other viruses.
Texas Children’s Hospital was also the first children’s hospital in the U.S. to report a co-infection of COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, in the summer. Versalovic said dozens of children with co-infections required hospitalization.
But there's no specific treatment or vaccine for RSV, so experts speculate children with "flurona" may experience better outcomes.
“I expect to see plenty of co-infections (of flu and COVID-19) going forward, but I don’t see anything that suggests it makes COVID infections worse,” said Dr. Frank Esper, a physician at the Cleveland Clinic Children’s Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases. “Those are two viral pathogens that we actually have medicines for.”
In addition to lifesaving vaccines to prevent severe illness, he said, health care providers are prepared to treat the infections simultaneously with Tamiflu and remdesivir.
Immunocompromised people are vulnerable to these infections, but co-infections are more likely to occur in young children, experts say, because their immune system is still unfamiliar with many common viruses.
“Hands down, the No. 1 predisposition for having more than one virus at the same time is your age, and it’s really children under 5,” Esper said. “They all have virus running rampant and swap them like trading cards.”
Cold viruses make up the most commonly seen co-infection cases, Esper said, whereas co-infections with influenza are observed less frequently.
“There are certain pathogens that don’t like to dance with anyone, and influenza is one of them,” he said. “When the body gets infected (with the flu virus), it really starts flooding the whole system with a lot of immune components that prevent viral infection,” making it harder for other pathogens to enter the body and cause illness.
Co-infections involving the flu may be rarer than other viruses, but health experts still expect to see rising cases of “flurona” as the U.S. approaches peak flu activity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, only about 43% of children 6 months to 17 years have been vaccinated for the flu as of Dec. 4.
Not 2020 again?:Tell that to parents where COVID cases, test shortages are closing schools.
Vaccine resistance 'pretty proportional':Skeptics doubted vaccines long before COVID, despite health gains
Texas Children’s Hospital said it has diagnosed more than 90 flu cases since Thanksgiving. Meanwhile, weekly COVID-19 cases have doubled amid the spread of the omicron variant.
“During the weekend, we shattered prior records that were established during the delta surge in August,” Versalovic said. “Just in a span of two to three weeks, we saw the tremendous impact of omicron overtaking delta.”
It’s still unclear if “flurona” causes more severe disease, but health experts don’t want to take any chances. They urge Americans to get vaccinated against both viruses as soon as possible.
The flu vaccine is available to children over 6 months, and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is available to children 5 and older.
“Influenza vaccination is the best preventive measure against getting infected and preventing some of the serious influenza associated complications,” said Dr. Gregg Sylvester, chief medical officer at Seqirus, an influenza vaccine manufacturer headquartered in New Jersey. “A flu vaccine is the best way to protect yourself and those around you from the virus.”
Follow Adrianna Rodriguez on Twitter: @AdriannaUSAT.
Health and patient safety coverage at USA TODAY is made possible in part by a grant from the Masimo Foundation for Ethics, Innovation and Competition in Healthcare. The Masimo Foundation does not provide editorial input.
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Obama Official: With Republicans, The Way Politics Are Today, There Would Still Be Slavery (Video)
When the Civil War ended, and after Republican President Abraham Lincoln liberated the slaves in the south, Democrats initiated Jim Crow laws to punish blacks. Democrats discriminated against blacks. In fact, the KKK, was founded as the the terrorist wing of the Democrat Party.
The Ku Klux Klan assassinated many Republicans including Republican Representative James M. Hinds (December 5, 1833—October 22, 1868) of Little Rock. Hinds represented Arkansas in the United States Congress from June 24, 1868 through October 22, 1868.
But, since when do facts matter with liberal Democrats?
MSNBC host Chuck Todd got a chuckle out of a White House official saying,
“With this Republican, the way politics are today, there would still be slavery.”
Via Weekly Standard:
They all thought it was funny.
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Recently, the Department for Education (DfE) has released a strategy to improve education and attainment through the use of education technology (EdTech). The DfE will set out £10 million in budgets and plans to support innovation and use tech to increase attainment in schools, colleges, and universities.
All information and quotations are from this document.
The aims of the strategy are:
“to support and enable the education sector in England to help develop and embed technology in a way that cuts workload fosters effciencies [sic], removes barriers to education and ultimately drives improvements in educational outcomes. In parallel, we will support the development of a vibrant EdTech business sector in the UK to provide proven, high-quality products that meet the needs of educators and foster a pipeline of fresh ideas.”
The DfE also wants to address the barriers to good use of technology in education. The key ways they intend to do this is through addressing:
- a need for modern infrastructure in schools with slow internet connections and outdated devices and networks.
- increasing the digital capabilities and skills including:
- Confidence and skills to use tech efficiently within schools.
- Supporting leadership staff to instigate change and empower teachers and lecturers to be confident users of EdTech.
- a need for digital procurement capabilities to allow education providers to make the right choices in selecting and buying EdTech products and services.
- addressing concerns about privacy and data security and how education providers and students are being protected.
They also aim to secure digital infrastructure for schools and EdTech suppliers. They intend to this by addressing poor internet connectivity and aiming for all schools to have access to modern broadband infrastructure, and reducing cost and increasing flexibility by encouraging education providers to move to cloud-based hosting rather than local hosting.
The plan also details how the DfE plans to help develop digital capabilities and skills for education providers.
The DfE intends to support education leaders to develop a vision for EdTech. They will support teachers and education providers through continuing professional development and understanding what works for schools and the education industry as a whole. In addition, the DfE has been supporting the BESA LearnEd programme, which is a roadshow of workshops for teachers. It is bringing together the EdTech industry and education providers in a series of eight accredited workshops across the country, running until summer of 2019. If successful, the DfE intends to continue these workshops in the 2019/2020 academic year.
The plan also contains strategies for supporting effective procurement. These include: helping schools and trusts to get the best value when purchasing tech and facilitating a better online marketplace for EdTech.
With GDPR and the ever-changing tech environment, digital security and safety are important to both EdTech suppliers and education providers. The DfE has published a data protection toolkit for schools and has published guidance for EdTech suppliers developed by the National Cyber Security Centre.
As well as being a world leader in education, the DfE wants the UK to become a world leader in EdTech. They want to support a world-leading EdTech business sector:
“A Vibrant UK EdTech business sector is essential to ensure we realise the ambitions of this strategy. As the sector continues to grow and mature, our aim is to ensure a pipeline of innovation and encourage scale-up for proven products and services which are evidence-based and focussed on the needs of teachers, lecturers, education leaders, and students.”
The DfE also has strategies in place to help tackle challenges that EdTech businesses have through:
- raising awareness of the importance and benefits of using EdTech in the schools, colleges, and universities.
- helping education providers improve the procurement practice, and better understand their procurement options, which help aggregate demand and cuts sales costs for companies.
- exploring how to facilitate a better marketplace where schools, colleges, and other education providers can buy EdTech with confidence, and making it more efficient and effective for businesses to enter the market.
With the goal of supporting innovation in the sector, the DfE has also devised a set of “EdTech challenges”. This is intended to create a culture of schools, colleges, and universities in England better-equipped to use and realise the benefits of EdTech, and where EdTech businesses are able to innovate and grow. The five broad areas that the DfE has determined the challenges should focus on include:
- admin processes: reducing and optimising “non-teaching” tasks.
- assessment processes: making assessment more effective and efficient
- teaching practices: supporting improved access, inclusion, and educational outcomes.
- continuing professional development: supporting teachers, lecturers, and other education providers in developing more flexibly when it comes to using EdTech in the classroom.
- learning throughout life: helping those outside of formal education systems to gain lifelong skills, and supporting decisions about work and further study.
These challenges will build upon existing high-quality EdTech products and services. In addition, they will hopefully encourage the industry to fill gaps where relevant tech or services do not already exist. They also want research bodies and industry to help undertake a robust evaluation to determine the positive or negative impact of tech on education. Finally, they want best practice in regards to EdTech to be shared more widely within education and industry.
The DfE believes that:
“It is only by working in partnership, by breaking down the barriers between industry and users, that we can hope to realise these major systemic opportunities. These challenges act as a call to industry, academia, and educators to help demonstrate just what is possible when using technology…We look forward to hearing from industry and researchers how to best measure the impact of technology and to promote progress against these challenges.”
The strategy concludes: “…technology has the potential to transform educational experiences and education provider administration, helping teachers and lecturers spend more of their time on the things that make a real difference to student outcomes.”
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\flˈɛm], \flˈɛm], \f_l_ˈɛ_m]\
Definitions of PHLEGM
- 2006 - WordNet 3.0
- 2011 - English Dictionary Database
- 2010 - New Age Dictionary Database
- 1913 - Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
- 1919 - The Winston Simplified Dictionary
- 1920 - A practical medical dictionary.
- 1899 - The american dictionary of the english language.
- 1894 - The Clarendon dictionary
- 1914 - Nuttall's Standard dictionary of the English language
- 1874 - Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language
- 1846 - Medical lexicon: a dictionary of medical science
- 1916 - Appleton's medical dictionary
- 1871 - The Cabinet Dictionary of the English Language
Sort: Oldest first
By DataStellar Co., Ltd
By Oddity Software
By Noah Webster.
By William Dodge Lewis, Edgar Arthur Singer
By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop
By Daniel Lyons
By William Hand Browne, Samuel Stehman Haldeman
By Nuttall, P.Austin.
By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H.
One of the four natural humours of the ancients, which, according to them, was cold and moist, as atrabilis was cold and dry. It predominated, especially, in winter. Pituita was afterwards applied to every aqueous or excrementitious humour, such as the saliva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum, &c. The terms phlegm and pituita are no longer used in physiology, - the different humours having received particular names; but the vulgar still use phlegm to designate a stringy mucus, expectorated, or rejected by vomiting. The ancient chymists gave the name ‘phlegm’ to aqueous, insipid, and inodorous products obtained by subjecting moist vegetable matters to the action of heat.
By Robley Dunglison
By Smith Ely Jelliffe
Word of the day
Kingdom Of Saudi arabia
- a kingdom occupying most of Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy an absolute monarchy occupying most of Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy
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| 0.837416 | 498 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Citronella grass is one of the most effective natural ways to repel and fight mosquitoes and different insects and pests. It is widely used in making of different natural and even chemical insect repellent products. But, it is not only an efficient mosquito repelling tool, citronella grass will also look great in any home or garden. So here are tips on how you can plant, grown and take care of citronella grass in your home.
Besides citronella grass being successful at repelling mosquitoes and insects, it has other valuable features. Citronella grass is a great ingredient in medicine, as it relieves migraines, tension, and even depression. Not only that, citronella oil can be a great help when trying to reduce fever or as a muscle relaxer. Overall, it has many antispasmodic, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal features which are widely used in medicine. And citronella grass is also a valuable substance, which is widely used in the production of cleaning products.
Growing citronella grass
1. Weather and temperature requirements
Although citronella grass is very beneficial in many spheres, taking care of it is very easy and does not require a lot of effort. It can be planted indoors and outdoors, but if you live in a climate zone where you experience harsh winters, then during the cold seasons the plant should be taken indoors before the first frost. Therefore, although the citronella grass is considered to be quite an adaptable plant, exposing it to long periods of cold weather can damage the plant greatly.
2. Soil requirements
As these plants are tolerable and can adapt to various circumstances and weather conditions quite well, the only requirement for the soil is to be well draining. As citronella grass needs to be watered and fertilized often, the soil has to absorb a lot of liquids. But, it will grow the best in a moist loamy soil.
3. Sun requirements
The citronella plants can be placed in direct sunlight and are tolerable to it. But they do prefer and will grow better in a slightly shaded area, which receives six to eight hours of sunlight per day. So, even if you are growing the citronella plant indoors, you should make sure that the sun rays can reach the plant every day, or as often as possible. The best places for citronella grass are near the patio wall, or in locations where it will be surrounded by trees or shrubs. If you notice that the citronella grass looks scorched or withered you might want to consider moving it to an area with more natural shade.
Citronella grass plant care
As citronella grass naturally is found in humid regions it requires a lot of water. If you expose it to direct sunlight for the majority of the day, you will need to water the plant more often. Similarly, if you are keeping the plant indoors, the dry air might be causing the citronella grass to dry out faster, so it will need more water. Therefore, if you have a lot of sunlight or if the air is comparably dry you will have to water the grass plant as often as once a day.
Citronella grass plant is not considered to be invasive and will not spread all over your backyard once planted, as it reproduces from seed and through division, rather than by grass runners. But, despite it, it is still an aggressive grower and can uproot other plants growing nearby. So if you are planting the grass outdoors, it is advised to plant it in a grass container or in an enclosed area.
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The estimation of the test involves visual appreciation of the surface of the fabric (number of absorption points on the surface). The repellency of a garment worn in foul weather conditions is very important. The Spray Test method is used for determining the resistance of any fabric, which may or may not have been given a water resistant/ repellant finishing surfacing wetting by water. A good repellency will increase the comfort during use. The repellency tends to decrease during washing, so a re-impregnation of a water repellent product is advised.
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The New York Times recently ran a story that sheds some encouraging light on the early diagnosis and detection of Alzheimer’s disease. As of today, the official position of both the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association is that Alzheimer’s disease can be divided into three distinct phases. The final stage is marked by the development of dementia. The middle stage is marked by the emergence of mild problems that do not interfere with daily functions. And the earliest stage, the stage that was most recently discovered, has no noticeable symptoms, but it is marked by preliminary changes in the brain.
What does this mean to the future of Alzheimer’s? That researchers have found ways to detect Alzheimer’s disease early on, well before symptoms become problematic, is quite promising. But as it now stands, scientists have yet to take this research to the next logical level, which is preventing the full onset of the disease for those who have been diagnosed early. Nevertheless, this glimpse of hope has caused many renowned scientists to recommit themselves to the cause of finding a cure for this debilitating disease.
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October is Cyber Security Awareness Month. To help you protect yourself while online, the Wisconsin Better Business Bureau and the National Cyber Security Alliance have shared these tips from the Department of Homeland Security:
Stop. Before you use the Internet, take time to understand the risks and learn how to spot potential problems.
Think. Take a moment to be certain the path ahead is clear. Consider how your actions online could impact your safety, or your family’s.
Connect. Enjoy the Internet with greater confidence, knowing you’ve taken the right steps to safeguard yourself and your computer.
In addition, BBB recommends the following:
- Click with caution. Only open emails, attachments, and links from people you know. Use anti-virus software regularly and enhance email filters to block threats. Watch out for unsolicited emails that contain misspellings or grammatical errors.
- Don’t believe what you see. It’s easy to steal the colors, logos and headers of an established organization. Hover over any links to see where they lead. Malicious emails may look identical to legitimate websites, but come from a different sender.
- Safeguard your information. Don’t reveal personal or financial information in an email, and do not respond to email solicitations for this information. Be wary of any urgent instructions to take specified action such as "Click on the link or your account will be closed."
- Verify email requests. If you are unsure whether an email request is legitimate, contact the company directly using information provided on an account statement, not information provided in an email.
- Keep software updates current. Having the latest operating system, software, web browsers, anti-virus protection and apps are the best defenses against viruses, malware, and other online threats.
- Visit StaySafeOnline.org for more information
Single digit temps around the area caused problems in the Fox Valley Saturday morning.
The frigid temperatures forced some area communities to cancel their weekend Christmas celebrations. But New London braved the cold for its annual Holiday of Wonder Parade.
Maybe it's the weather. Maybe it's all of the injuries, but many Packers fans are saying "no thanks," to this weekend's Packers game.
With only a little snow on the ground in places, snowmobilers are ready for more. In the Lakewood area, trails are not yet open, but clubs are gearing up for an early start to the season.
Marinette Marine is preparing to christen one of its Littoral Combat Ships.
A survey of local businesses looked at employee numbers and overall outlook for the coming year.
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The Gilgit – Baltistan have the unique distinction of being the converging point of three of the mightiest mountain ranges in the world, namely, the Himalaya, Karakorum and Hindukush. These ranges have many of the world’s highest peaks and the world’s largest concentration of glaciers outside the Polar Regions. In the Karakorum’s alone 30 peaks soar over 24,000 feet (7,500 m) and culminate in the 28,250 feet (8,612 m) high K-2, second only to Mt. Everest in elevation. Sheer rock walls and ravines, plunging thousands of vertical feet down to the rivers flowing below, mark the scenery.
This astounding landscape is the result of the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Eurasian plate in this region about 40 million years ago; which is quite recent in geological history. The youth of the Gilgit-Baltistan is reflected in their jagged peaks and continually rising elevations. Nanga Parbat is rising at a geologically dizzying rate of 7 mm per year, which is one of the highest in the world.
These lofty mountains and valleys boast a spectrum of wildlife such as the snow leopard, brown bear, Marco Polo sheep, Himalayan ibex, Astore markhor, golden marmot, woolly flying squirrel and other species, some of which are rare or endangered. Substantial deposits of various minerals and semi-precious stones add to the natural wealth of the region.
Glacial and snow melts are the source of fresh water in this arid region. Water flows into the valleys in the form of nullahs (streams) and makes human existence possible.
The remoteness and limited accessibility of the Gilgit-Baltistan until now have meant that people here have had a high dependence on the natural environment, without access to many modern facilities. Traditional modes of living ensured harmony between the natural environment and human beings. But growing population, greater communication links and infrastructural and developmental interventions are changing traditional lifestyles and increasing the pressure on natural resources.
Amazingly, one of the wonders of modern infrastructure is found precisely in this very tough terrain. The 800 km long Karakoram Highway (KKH) or Shahrah-e-Resham, completed in 1980, starts in the federal capital Islamabad and runs through Kohistan and the Gilgit-Baltistan, past all the way north to the Chinese border at the Khunjerab Top. Most of the way it follows the ancient Silk Route to China and Central Asia. This highway has dramatically opened up the Gilgit – Baltistan, not only facilitating trade and commerce with both down-country Pakistan and China, but also bringing in a greater number of outsiders. The uniqueness of the region still remains, but its inaccessibility is no more.
In addition to the trading importance of Gilgit and its environs, its location at the doorstep of China and Central Asia, with Afghanistan and India also close by, makes it a very strategic area culturally and geopolitically. The people of this area not only share the mountainous terrain with their neighbors to the north and west, but also ethnicity, history, religion, culture and languages. Faces in Gilgit reflect the kaleidoscope of ethnic groups that make up the population of the entire Gilgit-Baltistan. Its geopolitical importance was evident during the British era when the Gilgit Agency was a vital arena in the Great Game politics between Britain and Russia. Today it is still an important strategic link between Pakistan and China and the Muslim countries of Central Asia. The valleys and mountains of the Gilgit-Baltistan present exceptional challenges and opportunities.
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All four canonical Gospels tell us that Joseph of Arimathea buried Jesus out of personal piety and secret discipleship. Evangelists of the present day use the Empty Tomb as proof of a bodily resurrection of Jesus – but what if the Tomb burial tradition is wrong? Other traditions exist – here they are…
The Gospel of Mark 15:42-47. It was Preparation Day (that is, the day before the Sabbath). So as evening approached, Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent member of the Council, who was himself waiting for the kingdom of God, went boldly to Pilate and asked for Jesus’ body. Pilate was surprised to hear that he was already dead. Summoning the centurion, he asked him if Jesus had already died. When he learned from the centurion that it was so, he gave the body to Joseph. So Joseph bought some linen cloth, took down the body, wrapped it in the linen, and placed it in a tomb cut out of rock. Then he rolled a stone against the entrance of the tomb. Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where he was laid.
The Gospel of Peter 21-34. And then they plucked the nails from the hands of the Lord and laid him upon the earth: and the whole earth was shaken, and there came a great fear on all. Then the sun shone forth, and it was found to be the ninth hour. And the Jews rejoiced, and gave his body unto Joseph to bury it, because he had beheld all the good things which he did. And he took the Lord and washed him and wrapped him in linen and brought him unto his own sepulchre, which is called the Garden of Joseph. Then the Jews and the elders and the priests, when they perceived how great evil they had done themselves, began to lament and to say: Woe unto our sins: the judgement and the end of Jerusalem is drawn nigh. But I with my fellows was in grief, and we were wounded in our minds and would have hid ourselves; for we were sought after by them as malefactors, and as thinking to set the temple on fire. And beside all these things we were fasting, and we sat mourning and weeping night and day until the Sabbath. But the scribes and Pharisees and elders gathered one with another, for they had heard that all the people were murmuring and beating their breasts, saying: If these very great signs have come to pass at his death, behold righteous he was. And the elders were afraid and came unto Pilate, entreating him and saying: Give us soldiers that we (or they) may watch his sepulchre for three days, lest his disciples come and steal him away and the people suppose that he is risen from the dead, and do us hurt. And Pilate gave them Petronius the centurion with soldiers to watch the sepulchre; and the elders and scribes came with them unto the tomb, and when they had rolled a great stone to keep out (al. together with) the centurion and the soldiers, then all that were there together set it upon the door of the tomb; and plastered thereon seven seals; and they pitched a tent there and kept watch. And early in the morning as the Sabbath dawned, there came a multitude from Jerusalem and the region roundabout to see the sepulchre that had been sealed.
The Secret Book of James. The Lord answered and said: “What is your merit when you do the will of the Father if it is not given to you by him as a gift, while you are tempted by Satan? But if you are oppressed by Satan and are persecuted and you do the Father’s will, I say that he will love you and will make you equal with me and will consider that you have become beloved through his providence according to your free choice. Will you not cease, then, being lovers of the flesh and being afraid of sufferings? Or do you not know that you have not yet been mistreated and have not yet been accused unjustly, nor have you yet been shut up in prison, nor have you yet been condemned lawlessly, nor have you yet been crucified without reason, nor have you yet been buried in the sand, as was I myself, by the evil one? Do you dare to spare the flesh, you for whom the spirit is an encircling wall? If you contemplate the world, how long it is before you and also how long it is after you, you will find that your life is one single day and your sufferings, one single hour. For the good will not enter the world. Scorn death, therefore, and take concern for life. Remember my cross and my death and you will live.”
Epistula Apostolorum (Ethiopic). He of whom we are witnesses we know as the one crucified in the days of Pontius Pilate and of the prince Archelaus, who was crucified between two thieves and was taken down from the wood of the cross together with them, and was buried in the place called [the place of the skull], to which three women came, Sarah, Martha, and Mary Magdalene. They carried ointment to pour out upon his body, weeping and mourning over what had happened. And the approached the tomb and found the stone where it had been rolled away from the tomb, and they opened the door and did not find his body.
The main things to notice:
In the Gospel of Peter Jesus’ enemies took him down from the Cross, not Joseph. In fact the highlighted Joseph segment seems to interrupt the story and is possibly an interpolation by an Orthodox scribe.
In The Secret Book of James Jesus is said to have been buried in sand, contradicting the honorable tomb burial in Mark.
In the Epistula Jesus is taken off the Cross with the thieves and by implication buried with them. This would grossly contradict the Orthodox version of events.
There’s two more versions of the tradition, but they’re in some surprising places. More next time.
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en
| 0.985514 | 1,266 | 2.75 | 3 |
Explore how contemporary artists have responded to changes in culture and technology by refashioning or rejecting photography’s conventions.This is the second of two exhibitions in the Julien Levy Gallery to feature photographs made since roughly 1970, a period during which photography emerged as a key medium of contemporary art. View more objects in the exhibition >> By the 1960s, photography had established pictorial traditions and standards of craftsmanship. But cultural changes, new technologies, and the rise of Conceptual art compelled many artists to revise or reject these conventions. Gerhard Richter, for example, manipulated seemingly ordinary snapshots to expose the fictional nature of even the most convincing photographic scenes. Robert Rauschenberg injected a Pop sensibility in works that reflect our increasingly mediated and image-saturated world. Cindy Sherman, Zhang Huan, and others have since explored these issues from many intriguing angles. For all of its mediated fictions, photography is also intensely immediate and sensual, bringing us into electrifying contact with bodies, emotions, and social realities. Artists such as William E. Parker and Paul Cava explore the medium’s expressive, even erotic potential, sometimes combining photography with paint and ink. Others, including Dawoud Bey and David Goldblatt, use the camera to document and reveal alternative histories of overlooked or marginalized subjects. And artists such as An-My Lê harness a deep awareness of history and popular culture to confront the complexities of contemporary life.
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HTML <keygen> tag
When writing in HTML, the <keygen> tag is used to designate a key-pair generator field used within <form> tags. Upon submission, the public key is sent to the server while the private key is stored locally. They are useful for adding security to forms. The following sections contain information about the <keygen> tag, including an example of it in use, as well as related attributes and browser compatibility.
Note: The <keygen> tag belongs to a group of tags called form elements.
Username: <input type="text" name="uname"><br>
Encryption: <keygen name="secure">
Within an HTML tag, an attribute dictates certain aspects of an HTML element. Attributes are made up of a name and value pair; all tags support standard attributes. The following table shows all of the current unique HTML attributes for the <keygen> tag, as well as a description of each.
|autofocus||Designates that an <keygen> element should be the first thing focused when the page loads|
|challenge||Designates that the value of the <keygen> element should be double checked upon submission|
|disabled||Designates that the <keygen> element is disabled|
|form||Designates the form(s) an <keygen> element belongs to|
|keytype||Designates the security algorithm to be used with the key|
|name||Designates a name for the <keygen> element|
Additional form elements
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| 0.687295 | 323 | 3.203125 | 3 |
This classic text by Fei Xiaotong, China's finest social scientist, was first published in 1947 and is Fei's chief theoretical statement about the distinctive characteristics of Chinese society. Written in Chinese from a Chinese point of view for a Chinese audience, From the Soil describes the contrasting organizational principles of Chinese and Western societies, thereby conveying the essential features of both. Fei shows how these unique features reflect and are reflected in the moral and ethical characters of people in these societies. This profound, challenging book is both succinct and accessible. In its first complete English-language edition, it is likely to have a wide impact on Western social theorists.
Gary G. Hamilton and Wang Zheng's translation captures Fei's jargonless, straightforward style of writing. Their introduction describes Fei's education and career as a sociologist, the fate of his writings on and off the Mainland, and the sociological significance of his analysis. The translators' epilogue highlights the social reforms for China that Fei drew from his analysis and advocated in a companion text written in the same period.
Gary G. Hamilton is Professor of Sociology at the University of Washington. Wang Zheng is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of California, Davis.
"A lucid and fascinating work about Chinese society and values. Fei's account of how China differs from the West is every bit as telling now as it was when this book was first published almost half a century ago."—Orville Schell
"What are the fundamental characteristics of Chinese society and how does it differ from the West? In From the Soil, China's foremost sociologist offered his insights, based on fieldwork in China and residence in the West, into this fascinating question. Vivid and clearly written, it has long been a classic of Chinese sociology, widely read by Chinese. It is wonderful finally to have it available in English."—David Arkush, University of Iowa
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Scientific Investigations The Nature of Scientific Research Science Builds on Good Observations May be done by observing and reflecting on what other scientists have done May be done by one’s own careful and thoughtful observations (seeing what others do not see)
Related searches for Science Investigations PowerPoint
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
The Nature of Scientific Research
Can you think like a scientist?
Test your own powers of observation next →
Look at these five trees closely. How many testable hypotheses can you generate?
Students can create multiple hypotheses from this picture. Have them work in groups to come up with some, check for accuracy and testability.
What does this mean?
Why is it true?
A possible explanation for an observation or a scientific problem. . .
Science is a Cyclic Process: Have them work in groups to come up with some, check for accuracy and testability.
Design Test of Hypothesis
How do we test and control what happens in our experiments so the results can be trusted?
Plant with copper added
Plant with no copper added
Students can easily plot their results on to a graph!
Let’s find out what happens when we conduct the tests!!
Wright brothers Wilbur (R) and Orville (at controls) with their 1903 airplane “Kitty Hawk” on first flight lasting twelve seconds. Location: Kitty Hawk, NC, US Date taken: December 17, 1903
Experiments should be repeated, and similar results should occur each time for the results to be found as valid.
1.Test subject may be insensitive or too sensitive to the variable you expose it to.
2. Way of exposing variable to test subject may not be
3. Dose may not be adequate.
4. Time of exposure may be too short or too long.
5. Too few test subjects could produce results that are not representative of a larger group.
OBSERVATION Have them work in groups to come up with some, check for accuracy and testability.: What is happening?
QUESTION: What would happen if .....?
HYPOTHESIS: ________ should happen if...…
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES: _________or _________ or _________ should happen if ..…
EXPERIMENT: Collect the data.
RESULTS: What actually happened?
CONCLUSION: The hypothesis was correct/incorrect because.....
The process of research can involve several steps. These levels are summarized below.Science is a Way of Knowing
Look at this picture and develop a hypothesis that is being tested.
Consequences of Scientific Evidence Have them work in groups to come up with some, check for accuracy and testability.
Make science fun and safe!!
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en
| 0.915466 | 631 | 3.6875 | 4 |
A revolutionary air-cleansing poem has removed more than two tons of pollution from the environment as part of a project which could be used to fight pollution in cities across the world.
In Praise of Air, the world’s first air-cleansing poem, has been produced by scientists and writers at the University of Sheffield.
The catalytic poem, by award-winning writer Simon Armitage who is Professor of Poetry in the University’s School of English, has been printed on specially treated material developed by scientists at the University which is capable of purifying its surroundings through catalytic oxidation.
The poem, which has been on display on the University of Sheffield’s Alfred Denny building since May 2014, has now reached the end of its exhibition in Sheffield and the project team has estimated that it has removed over two tons of nitrogen oxide from the surrounding environment.
The team now hope the poem and its air-cleansing technology can be replicated on billboards and artwork in towns and cities across the world to help tackle pollution.
Professor Joanna Gavins, who leads the project from the University of Sheffield’s School of English, said: “We all know that pollution is a major problem for the world’s urban areas but so far we as a society haven’t fully adopted any long-term solutions to tackle the problem.
“Scientists, such as my colleagues in Sheffield, are developing technologies to help us clean the environment but it’s the arts and humanities that can help raise awareness of environmental issues and inspire people to adopt altruistic pro-environmental behaviours.
“Since the poem was installed in 2014 we’ve been inundated with positive and supportive comments from the community and passers-by. It also generated interest from people all over the world and received worldwide media coverage. We’ve had lots of comments from people who feel it has not only made an impact on the environment but added another cultural landmark to the city.”
Professor Tony Ryan, who developed the pollution-busting technology at the University of Sheffield’s Department of Chemistry, added: “This poem has shown how science and the arts and humanities can work together to address the very serious issue of poor air quality in our towns and cities.
“The poem is printed on a material that can mitigate the pollution caused by our addiction to driving and could cut disease and help save lives.
“The project has been really well received both in Sheffield and all over the world. If we could replicate this in every urban area in the UK then we could have much better air quality.”
The team behind the poem is now developing other public poems on environmental issues.
They have also been working with Northern Flags, one of the UK’s leading companies in flag design, manufacture and printing, and Pureti who manufacture photocatalytic products, to explore the potential of developing air-cleansing signs that could be used in places such as fuel station forecourts and roadside advertising boards.
The poem’s exhibition in Sheffield was a temporary project to demonstrate its potential impact and has now ended because planning permission has expired.
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en
| 0.971273 | 658 | 3.234375 | 3 |
What is the relationship between sound and place? How do we experience the everyday sounds of our acoustic environment? What stories can sound tell? This course invites students to engage with Princeton’s soundscape. We will explore a range of topics in sound studies–including acoustic ecology, sound maps, sonification, and historical soundscapes–as well as study, perform, and experience sound art and experimental music that engages with notions of place. Students will make field recordings and work on creative final projects (individual or collaborative) developed in consultation with the instructor.
Sample reading list:
Brandon LaBelle, Background Noise: Perspective on Sound Art
Jean-Francois Augoyard and Henry Torgue, eds., Sonic Experience: A Guide to Everyday Sounds
R. Murray Schafer, Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment
Jonathan Sterne, ed., The Sound Studies Reader (excerpts)
Readings, listening responses, fieldwork, a brief essay, and creative projects.
Prerequisites and Restrictions:
Open to all — a background in music is not required. Students of all backgrounds are encouraged to apply.
Course activities will include discussion/debate of readings and listening, performances of experimental music, sound-walks, field trips to sound installations, and studio time.
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https://arts.princeton.edu/courses/sound-and-place/
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en
| 0.860173 | 266 | 2.828125 | 3 |
1. Title: Rama Setu, Vedic Traditions and struggle to protect the world heritage
Rama Setu is an abiding cultural tradition of not only Bharatam but of many countries of the world. Rama Setu embodies the quintessence of Valmiki's statement: 'Ramo vigrahavaan dharmah.' Setubandhanam becomes a tirthasthanam in the Vedic tradition of remembering the pitr-s and offering pitr-tarpanam on Ashadha amavasya day every year. The ongoing struggle to protect this world heritage has been long, protracted and tough. Active support of world citizens will make a difference and this struggle to protect an abiding, sanatana tradition will succeed.
Rama Setu tradition is a continuum of Vedic traditions defining dharma in action. Two messages are conveyed in such a definition: 1. determination and samarthyam can find solutions even to bridge the ocean; 2. to establish dharma and to fight against a-dharma, the effort is imperative. Skandapurana is emphatic that three s'ivalingas were installed by Sri Rama, one at Rameshwaram (Dhanushkodi end), one at Tirukkedeeshwaram (Talaimannar end) and the third in the middle of the Setu. Setubandhanam becomes a tirthasthanam in the Vedic tradition of remembering the pitr-s and offering pitr-tarpanam on Ashadha amavasya day every year.
2. Title: Ongoing attack on Hindu symbols: Sarasvati, Vedic language and cultural traditions
The discovery of over 2000 archaeological sites on the banks of Vedic River Sarasvati and the possibility of identifying Vedic people from new discoveries such as those in Bhirrana provide a challenge to all researchers to unravel the language spoken by the creators of the Sarasvati civilization. There is an ongoing attack from some in Western academia, on Hindu symbols including svastika and the denial of the Vedic River Sarasvati whose ancient channels have been emphatically, scientifically identified. This state of academic denial is pathetic and is governed by a compulsive motive to establish Aryan supremacy through invasion or migration scenarios. Such Aryan Invasion/Migration Theories are in fact the myths. Sarasvati is not a myth but a reality and will flow again in North-west India thanks to the brilliant effort of scholars, researchers, scientists and engineers of Hindusthana.
Title 3: Sarasvati, Vedic language and cultural traditions
The discovery of over 2000 archaeological sites on the banks of Vedic River Sarasvati and the possibility of identifying Vedic people from new discoveries such as those in Bhirrana provide a challenge to all researchers to unravel the language spoken by the creators of the Sarasvati civilization. I have posited that mleccha was the lingua franca and mlecchita vikalpa was the writing system of the civilization evidenced by nearly 4000 epigraphs containing 'signs' and 'pictorial motifs' -- most of which are hieroglyphs. The resource of an Indian Lexicon providing comparative lexemes from over 25 ancient languages of Bharatam including Vedic provide a framework for testing the mleccha spoken by Yudhisthira in his conversations with Khanaka and Vidura and the mlecchita vikalpa mentioned by Vatsyayana as one of the three arts: 1. des'a bhaashaa jnaanam; 2. akshara mushthika kathanam; and 3. mlecchita vikalpat (correctly interpreted as cryptography). Given the fact that many mleccha word occur in the Vedic texts (words which cannot be explained by Indo-European constructs), it is possible to provide a framework for language studies of ancient Bharatam and of Vedic times, which integrate language as a medium of cultural expression by a community of speakers, rejecting the language family metaphor. Many ancient texts clearly refer to mleccha as a 'language' or 'dialect'. The framework for a Sarasvati Hieroglyph Dictionary was presented.
Metaphors of Sarasvati civilization in a cultural continuum
Rama Setu – heritage
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en
| 0.914652 | 893 | 3.234375 | 3 |
A Glimpse into the Past — Then and Now at La Silla Observatory
ESO turns 50 this year, and to celebrate this important anniversary, we will be showing you glimpses into our history. Once a month throughout 2012, a special “then and now” comparison Picture of the Week will show how things have changed over the decades at the La Silla and Paranal observatory sites, the ESO offices in Santiago de Chile, and the Headquarters in Garching bei München, Germany.
Our first stop on this journey through time is at La Silla, the first of ESO’s observatory sites. The historical image was taken in the late 1960s or early 1970s from the dome of the ESO 1.52-metre telescope, which had its first light in 1968. A second photograph, taken in the present day, shows how much the observatory has changed over the decades.
In the historical image, we can see the ESO 1-metre telescope in the foreground on the right, with the Grand Prism Objectif telescope (GPO) just peeking out from behind. The third telescope in this photo is the Schmidt 1-metre telescope, on the left. Behind it, at a higher level, are the water tanks of the observatory.
Moving through time to the present-day, we can see how much La Silla has evolved, with many more telescopes on the site. The ESO 3.6-metre telescope and the adjacent Coudé Auxiliary Telescope now stand out on the highest peak. The angular enclosure of the New Technology Telescope (NTT) is just to the left, next to the water tanks. The 15-metre-diameter dish of the Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) watches the horizon on the far right.
The new photograph was taken from a slightly different position on top of the ESO 1.52-metre telescope building, so the GPO is now hidden behind the ESO 1-metre telescope in the foreground. The white dome that is just visible behind the 1-metre is the Danish 1.54-metre telescope. In the centre of the photo we now see the silvery dome of the MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope.
Although some telescopes at La Silla, such as the ESO 1-metre and 1.52-metre, and the SEST, are no longer in operation, others are still doing front-line astronomy. The ESO 3.6-metre telescope hosts the HARPS instrument, the world’s leading exoplanet hunter (see eso1134 for some recent results). The NTT has been used to help explain the formation of massive stars (see eso1029). Both telescopes provided vital data which led to the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe — a discovery for which the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded. The MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope has also produced a treasure trove of data from breathtaking wide-field images to studies of gamma-ray bursts, the most explosive events in the Universe.
- The historical image
- The present-day image
- More about La Silla
- Press release on the occasion of the 40th anniversary, in 2009, of La Silla’s inauguration
- ESO timeline
About the Image
|Release date:||3 January 2012, 15:00|
|Size:||5926 x 2156 px|
About the Object
|Type:||• Unspecified : Technology : Observatory|
• X - La Silla
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en
| 0.887112 | 759 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The Calcutta Collectorate Building on Clive Street (now Netaji Subhas Road), at the North Western corner of Dalhousie Square (now Binay Badal Dinesh Bagh or BBD Bagh), is one of the many unfortunate victims of Calcutta’s (Kolkata) unplanned and uncontrolled green drive. Large trees have been planted at random along the pavements of many of the city’s streets, which completely blocks of the view of the architectural marvels behind them.
When the English bought the villages of Kalikata, Sutanuti and Gobindapur from Sabarna Roychowdhury in 1698, and established their factory here, they also had to take over the tasks of tax collection and policing. For this task, a European collector or zamindar was appointed who would have a native as his deputy. During the tenure of John Zephaniah Holwell, the “black zamindar” was the notorious Gobindram Mitter (or Gobindaram Mitra) who was famously rich and, legend says, the first native in the town to have a horse carriage. Gobindram Mitter was the man who built Chitpur’s famous “Black Pagoda”, a “nava ratna” or nine turreted temple that was so huge, it was used as a navigational aid by ships on the Hooghly. It was knocked down by a cyclone in 1820, and its ruins can still be seen.
Constructed in 1892, just 10 years after Writers’ Building acquired its present Greco-Roman look, when Sir Charles Elliot was Lt.-Governor of Bengal; the Collectorate Building was path-breaking for its time. In terms of architectural style, it was a harbinger of what we now know as the Edwardian style. The arched entranceway opens up to a central courtyard, with the building rising two storeys above it. The rooms on the 1st and 2nd floors are recessed, the broad veranda being an Indian improvisation to shield the occupants from the stifling heat of the summer months. And you see that sloping roof with the black tarred fabric on it? That is called a Mansard roof. Because of the steep angle of the roof, and the windows poking out from it, it creates and extra floor of habitable space, although given that the tarred fabric absorbs light and heat, in the summer months the temperature in this space, called a garret, must be absolutely unbearable. On the two corners of the building are seen two beautiful towers, with their tops painted silver. I don’t know if there is any specific name for these towers, but they seem to have some resemblance to the tower atop the main dome of the Nizam Palace. The mansard roof, with its meter high metal railing lends the Collectorate Building some architectural uniformity with its neighbours in Dalhousie Square, although it is somewhat eclipsed by both Writers’ and the GPO. There was a proposal in 1973 to demolish the building and erect in its place an 18 storey skyscraper. The good citizens of Calcutta (Kolkata) would have none of it, and the furore forced the government to shelve the project.
|The Calcutta Collectorate (left), dwarfed by the Soviet style RBI (centre) and Greco-Roman Writers' Building (right)|
THE COLLECTORATE AND THE BLACK HOLE
The current Collectorate Building was built on the site of the old one and occupies 2 bighas, 11 cottahs and 5 chittacks of land. But before either of the Collectorates was built, this was the site of the Old Fort William of Calcutta. The Old Fort William was constructed between 1696 and 1706 and it housed the East India Company’s factory, the Governor’s mansion, living quarters for the employees or factors of the company, and various offices and godowns. Along the Eastern curtain wall of the fort, roughly where the Collectorate stands today, was a room known as the Black Hole. The Black Hole was a military prison about 18 feet by 14 feet, and was completely bricked up, save for two very small, barred windows (hence the name).
|Inside the Calcutta Collectorate|
In 1756 Incensed by the Fort’s Governor, the arrogant and foolish Roger Drake’s refusal to halt additions of new fortifications to Fort William, the Nawaab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula, attacked Calcutta, and the fort fell. What then happened, on the night of 20th June, 1756, is a matter of great controversy. Drake had fled the fort, and was then replaced by John Zephaniah Holwell. Siraj-ud-Daula ordered the captured European survivors to be confined for the night. While there is nothing out of the ordinary about such and order, it is likely that these instructions filtered down through several subordinates, and hence its actual meaning was lost somewhere in the chain of command. Holwell claims that 146 people were forcibly driven into the Black Hole Prison, and in the night, through heat and suffocation, 123 of them died. Many eminent Historians argue that this event did not occur at all. However, Holwell did erect a monument to the dead just outside the site of the Black Hole prison, which eventually fell into disrepair and was dismantled. Its place was taken by a replica built under orders of Lord Curzon, in 1901. That too had to be ultimately removed to the grounds of the St. John’s Church, due to energetic protests by Indian freedom fighters, led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.
Over time, the Old Fort William was dismantled and new buildings rose in its place. On his way to India, Lord Curzon was reading Busteed’s account of the 1756 conflict, and decided to have the position of the old fort marked. Historian C.R. Wilson in 1891, using a 1753 map of Calcutta drawn by Lt. Wells, traced the bastions, curtain walls, and finally the Black Hole prison of the old Fort William. The map may be seen below. Please note its unorthodox orientation; North is to the right.
|The empty spot where a plaque used to be|
Curzon had 10 plaques placed at various points around the Dalhousie Square area, marking the bastions and walls of the fort, most of which are gone today, making the job of locating the exact position of the Black Hole a difficult one. The Black Hole would have been in what is now a garbage dump between the GPO and the Collectorate Building. On the North East corner of the GPO, was a plaque which said “BEHIND THE GATEWAY AND IMMEDIATELY ADJOINING THIS SPOT IS THE SITE OF THE BLACK HOLE PRISON IN OLD FORT WILLIAM”. This tablet has been removed and is believed to be inside the Philatelic Museum, located behind the GPO. If we proceed further North on Charnock Place (now Netaji Subhas Road), there is a gap in the ornamentation on the walls of the Collectorate. Here used to be a tablet which read “SIXTEEN FEET BEHIND THIS WALL WAS THE ENTRANCE OF THE EAST GATE OF OLD FORT WILLIAM THROUGH WHICH THE BODIES OF THOSE WHO PERISHED IN THE BLACK HOLE WERE BROUGHT AND THROWN INTO THE DITCH ON THE 21st OF JUNE, 1756”. This tablet is missing, and its present location is unknown.
Coming back to the garbage dump between the Collectorate and the GPO, according to Wells’ map, this is where Southern end of the Black Hole would have been. Curzon had the area paved with black polished marble, and protected by a railing. Above it was placed a marble tablet, which read, “THE MARBLE PAVEMENT BELOW THIS SPOT WAS PLACED HERE BY LORD CURZON, VICEROY AND GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA, IN 1901 TO MARK THE SITE OF THE PRISON IN OLD FORT WILLIAM KNOWN AS THE BLACK HOLE IN WHICH 146 BRITISH INHABITANTS OF CALCUTTA WERE CONFINED ON THE NIGHT OF THE 20TH JUNE, 1756, AND FROM WHICH ONLY 23 CAME OUT ALIVE”. This tablet has been removed, and no information is available about its present whereabouts. But some enterprising fellow has marked the position of the Black Hole of Calcutta on Google Maps! The following “then and now “style comparison should make the exact position of the Black Hole abundantly clear.
Access to the Black Hole is out of the question for outsiders today, and given its present state, even insiders would want nothing to do with it. Even though it is a contentious issue with debates still raging on the internet and in academic circles about whether or not the events of 20th June, 1756 happened at all, the government would do well to clean the place up and put up markers and fences around the spot for tourists and urban explorers. Unlikely you say? I can only hope.
- by Deepanjan Ghosh
SUGGESTED FURTHER READING
- St. John's Church and the Holwell Monument
- The Black Hole of Calcutta
- Portuguese Church and the grave of a Black Hole survivor
- I am grateful to Brian Paul Bach for his help with this post. Brian has written several books, including a scholarly volume on Calcutta entitled “Calcutta’s Edifice”. Check out his Goodreads page here, and his blog here.
- Lt. Wells’ map courtesy http://astoundingbengal.blogspot.in/
- Black Hole postcard courtesy http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/
Calcutta’s Edifice – Bach, Brian Paul
European Calcutta – Banerjea, Dhrubajyoti
Echoes from Old Calcutta - Busteed, Henry Elmsley
Calcutta Old and New - Cotton, Sir Harry Evan Auguste
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Species: Cardinalis cardinalis Order: Passeriformes
Chrissy Bowker of Texas asks, “What’s this animal?”
The bird in the picture above is none other than a young Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis. This one in particular is very young, presumably a recent fledgling from the nest. Hatchlings leave the nest about 10 days after hatching and look similar in coloration to adult females, with the exception of having a dull colored beak. The Northern Cardinal is a primarily granivorous (though they will eat insects), passerine bird thats range extends from Canada, the eastern half of the US, down to Texas, and parts of Mexico. Its most identifiable characteristics are its vibrant red coloration in males, black mask, visible crest, and its notable cheer-cheer-cheer song. It’s primarily a woodland bird and a common backyard bird. Fun Fact: They used to be a popular caged pet until the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 was put into effect.
Listen to a Northern Cardinal call and song here:
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Paper on The Bermuda Triangle
The Bermuda triangle is also known to many as “the devil’s triangle”. It is a stretch of the Atlantic Ocean bordered by a line from Florida to Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and back to Florida. It is considered one of the largest mysteries though it is not really a mystery. This term was initially used by Vincent H. Gaddis in his article for Argosy Magazine at around 1964. His writing spoke about the numerous planes and ships that disappeared in the great sea with no explanation.
However, he was not the first individual to arrive at such a conclusion. Other writers such as George X. who wrote articles on Fate Magazine had also noted the rise in strange accidents in the region. However, his argument was not primarily based on the occurrences in the Bermuda triangle. An insight on the triangle and the incidences relating to it will be discussed in this document.
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It was until 1969 that a book, ‘’Limbo of the Lost’’ by John Wallace was published. It specifically shared about the events of the triangle. After two years, a documentary by the name, “The Devils Triangle” was also released (Jackson & Riordan, 2007). Its reception was overwhelming; it permanently registered as the legend within popular culture. However, several books and articles that were produced thereafter suggested that the mysterious disappearances were owed to aliens. The species (aliens) were perceived as technologically advanced and lived either under the sea or in space. Based on past and current events, the phenomenon noted in the Bermuda triangle includes a glowing green fog and white water caused by satellite scanning (Church & Hillier, 2009).
The earliest tale linked to the Bermuda triangles was the “flight 19” mystery that dated back to December 5th 1945. At the time, five avenger members were routinely lifted from Navel Air station in Florida at a round 2pm in the afternoon. The flight had a commander by the name Charles Taylor and a couple of students. The mission was aimed at practicing bombing runs due East to Hens and chicken Shoals. On accomplishing the mission, it was required that there be additional flights for 11 miles East, followed by a turn to the North for 73 miles, and back to the base. The described cycle would take a triangle path over the sea (DeMolay, 2007).
Shortly after takeoff, Robert Cox picked up radio transmission from the pilot, Taylor and complained of failure in the compasses and gave the flight’s location as Florida Keys. Cox advised him to fly Toward Miami if Tailor was sure of his position. At the time, planes depended solely on their starting point based on the flight’s speed, the distance covered, and the direction taken up. Assuming that a pilot miscalculated the figures, they would get lost because there are no landmarks in the sky capable of telling one what positions they are in.
However, a number of modifications have been made such that one can tell their current position by use of GPS (Global Positioning Satellites). This means that it is almost unrealistic to get lost when one uses the right equipment properly. Seemingly, Tailor got confused at some point because he rarely flew East of the Bahamas, which is where he flew to that day. On lifting, the pilot headed towards the South instead of the East, which was the beginning to the deadly results. The more he steered towards the North with an aim of getting out of the keys, the further he travelled out to the sea. In fact, Taylor ignored a suggestion from one of the students aboard that they fly West (Stone, 2011).
As time went by, the weather became unfavorable and darker. Luckily, at about 5.50pm, his team on the ground received a signal of the flight’s weakening signal. This confirmed that the plane was East of Smyrna beach in Florida. However, the communications were too poor and an effort to send a signal to the flight could not be passed. As more hours passed by, a boat and two planes were dispatched in an effort to rescue and direct the crew back to base. However, the signal was lost with the last transmission from flight 19 being registered at 7.04pm.
The above saga is still a mystery today in spite of the investigations conducted by the marine team. However, Taylor’s mother strongly stood against the results, which were later termed as ‘’happening due to unknown reasons”. In 1991, Avengers were found off the coast of Florida although examinations proved that the crew was not from flight 19. Unfortunately, their resting place is still a secret of the Bermuda triangle.
Clearly, numerous inexplicable disappearances and occurrences have occurred in the given area. All rationales that have been brought forth up to date have not satisfied the materialistic parameters of the science behind the triangle (Miller, 2009). There is no statistics presented that would fully account for the mysterious happenings in the course for thousands of years.
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Himalia is the largest of Jupiter’s irregular satellites; smaller moons, non-spherical in shape and with irregular, non-circular orbits, unlike the larger Galilean Moons, which are more planet-like bodies. It has a prograde orbit (i.e. it orbits in the expected direction, the same way as the planet rotates and the larger moons orbit), and may be part of a collisional family that includes other such moons (i.e. they may have originated from a common source-body, broken up in a collision event).
The Galilean Moons are thought to have formed at the same time as Jupiter, part of a circum-planetary disc that formed alongside the giant planet in the same way that the planets are thought to have formed in a circum-solar disk around the young Sun. However the irregular orbits of the smaller moons suggests that they originated elsewhere in the Solar System, and were later captured by Jupiter. The most likely origins for such objects would be the Outer Asteroid Belt, which is close to Jupiter, or the Kuiper Belt which is beyond the orbit of Neptune, but the source of the majority of comets, which fall into the Inner Solar System when their orbits are disturbed by close encounters with other bodies.
In a paper published on the arXiv database at Cornell University Library on 5 September 2014, Michael Brown of the Division of Geological andPlanetary Sciences at the California Institute of Technology and Alyssa Rhoden of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, describe the results of a spectrographic study of the surface Himalia carried out from the Keck Observatory on 26 and 28 November 2013, and the implications of the results of this.
The spectrographic analysis did not reveal any close similarity between Himalia and bodies of either the Outer Asteroid Belt or the Kuiper Belt, both of which tend to be rich in water ice and hydroxide compounds. Nor does Himalia appear similar to the rocky bodies of the Inner Asteroid Belt. Instead it has a spectrographic profile previously seen only in three bodies, 52 Europa, 31 Euphrosyne and 451 Patientia (collectively known as the ‘Europa-like Asteroids'), all of which are located in the Middle Asteroid Belt.
The precise nature of the surface of the Europa-like Asteroids is uncertain; it does not conform exactly to any known surface material, and is likely to be intermediate between those of the bodies of the Inner and Outer Asteroid Belts, probably consisting of a mixture of rock and ice particles (other bodies in the Middle Asteroid Belt show different intermediate spectrographic profiles, making the situation slightly more complex than it immediately seems).
This is a surprising finding, as there seems to be no obvious relationship between the orbits of Himalia and the Europa-like Asteroids. However the known sample size of these objects is very small, and the discovery of other bodies with similar spectrographic profiles could potentially resolve this riddle. Brown & Rhoden suggest that spectrographic studies of the Jupiter Trojan Asteroids, which are closer to Himalia and also currently thought to derive from the Kuiper Belt or possibly the Outer Asteroid Belt, might potentially produce similar objects.
The 3 June 2010 Jovian Impactor. A small but growing number of observations of bolide impacts on other worlds in the Solar System have been made. The most notable of these are the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 into the Jovian atmosphere in 1994 and the July 2009 impact of a similar but unnamed body with the same planet. In addition a number of smaller events have been recorded in recent years, on the Moon, Mars and Jupiter.
The nature and origin of the July 2009 Jovian Impactor. In 2009 the remains of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 were observed impacting the Jovian atmosphere, the first time a body had been directly observed colliding with a planet other than the Earth, and the first time a comet had ever been seen impacting a planet. At the time this was thought to be an extremely rare event, possibly happening as infrequently as once every 500 years...
Ripples in the rings of Jupiter. Although fainter and considerably less famous, the planet Jupiter has a system of rings similar to that of Saturn, between the orbits of the small moons Metis and Adriastea. In 1996 the Galileo spacecraft observed a series of ripples within these rings, with material...
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Teeny little video cameras called minirhizotrons snapped these photos of wetland plant roots. The cameras will help scientists anticipate how the plants might respond to climate change.
Minirhizotrons give scientists at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory a technological boost by allowing them to study living roots, especially the really small ones, without harming the plants. By tracking the life and death of roots in their real-life soil environments, with a few manipulations here and there, scientists can better understand what effects increasing temperatures and carbon dioxide levels will have on wetland ecosystems.
The specific wetlands in question are bogs, which are carbon-rich, but nutrient-poor environments. In other words, bogs collect a lot of carbon deep in their soil due to large buildups of dead plant matter. However, their soils don’t have a lot of nutrients to give back to living plants, making them tricky places for plants to grow.
Roots are responsible for transporting water and nutrients to the rest of the plant. So, in bogs, they have to work extra hard to keep plants alive.
Scientists will use the minirhizotrons in one of Minnesota’s black spruce bogs to track how roots react to their climate-change-mimicking manipulations.
Bogs cover only 3 percent of the Earth’s surface. So, why should we care what happens to them?
Because they store nearly one-third of our terrestrial carbon. Thus, if the planet continues to warm, scientists predict these bogs will dry out and release tons of carbon into the atmosphere, exacerbating warming.
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Noah Smith highlights a worrying — if not unexpected — trend: Chinese coal usage is approaching that of the rest of the world combined.
Take a look at this chart, from the Guardian's Adam Vaughn:
If China and the other developing nations cook the world, the world is cooked, no matter what America or any other country does. China et al. can probably cook the world without our help, because global warming has "threshold effects" (tipping points), and because carbon stays in the air for thousands of years.
Bottom line: We will only save the planet if China (and other developing countries) stop burning so much coal. Any policy action we take to avert global warming will be ineffective unless it accomplishes this task.
Focusing on coal use distorts the picture somewhat. One of the reasons western nations don't use as much coal is because its extraordinarily polluting in ways unrelated to its carbon emissions. Particulates from burning coal cause all manner of respiratory problems, and the radiation levels around coal plants are frequently higher than they are around nuclear plants.
It's not surprising, therefore, that countries that can afford to — or which value the health of their populations more than China does — have largely switched energy generation to other fossil fuels, particularly gas (and that was true even before the shale gas boom in the US). We also can't ignore that other major sources of CO2, like transport and aviation, remain dominated by the West. OECD nations are responsible for two thirds of automobile emissions, and that is expected to stay relatively stable until 2050 at least.
So there's actually a fair amount which the West needs to do to tackle climate change. It's certainly not the case, for instance, that if China and India got their houses in order then we could carry on as before.
But neither is the opposite the case. Smith is correct: without action from the developing world, the developed world's fight against climate change is moot. But I'm not sure that presents as deadly a proposition as he thinks.
For one thing, it remains the case now that China exports goods and services — but mainly goods — worth $200bn a month. A carbon tax levied by the recipients of those exports would impose a massive incentive on the country to cut emissions. Smith is right that the developing world economy is growing, but that's just an argument for moving quickly.
More problematically, the "one thing" that Smith thinks would work — "develop[ing] renewable technologies that are substantially cheaper than coal, and giv[ing] these technologies to the developing countries" — falls prey to the problem of all that tempting energy underground. Cheap renewables in China are just as likely to be used to boost energy production as to replace fossil fuels. And having renewable technologies which are cheaper than coal is quite a long way off, particularly ones which are scaleable to the extent that they can replace Chinese production.
But what I've been told is that the Chinese state isn't necessarily adverse to following the lead of the West in cutting carbon emissions, so long as its clear that we actually are doing it to fight climate change. That's an argument for installing carbon capture and sequestration technology, for instance, because that's something which has no other purpose. Of course, such technology needs to improve its efficiency — both in how much carbon it can scrub, how long it can store it, and how much it costs to do — but to do so would send an unequivocal message that the fight was one we wanted part of.
The worst thing of all would be to use the argument that that "there's no point in us acting without them" to sit back and wait for developing nations to make the first move. Because it's just not going to happen.
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A high-speed humidity sensor based on a nanostructured chiral sculptured thin film (CSTF) was fabricated and tested. The sensing principle is based on the shift of the central wavelength of the circular Bragg regime of the CSTF caused by adsorption and desorption of water vapor in the void regions of the CSTF. Spectral changes due to varying relative-humidity (RH) levels in the ambient environment were measured by a spectrometer. The CSTF sensor exhibited excellent reversibility and reproducibility from 40% to 100% RH. Moreover, the adsorption time of the sensor was measured to be as low as ∼140 ms, making it promising for many high-speed humidity-sensing applications.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
- Metals and Alloys
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Materials Chemistry
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We do not want to exaggerate, but sometimes students forget that they have libraries in their study houses that may have the books they need to consult for their theses. With the overwhelming advance of the Internet, a bookshelf full of books may seem like a thing of the past. However, libraries are still there to help us and safeguard a patrimonial and cultural knowledge that should not go unnoticed.
It would be worth asking ourselves how many times we look for a material in digital before a physical copy. That could tell us a lot about our reading habits. However, we must bear in mind that not all books, magazines, documents … are digitized.
It depends on the knowledge or appreciation you have of a work. Although it is possible to find works with more than two millennia old, the same does not happen with one that was edited just five years ago, not to mention the most current ones.
Of course, how up-to-date the library is or will not be decisive, but the important thing is not to dismiss it as an excellent option to find sources of information for our thesis.
WHERE TO BEGIN?
You may have a subject for your thesis, but you still do not have a bibliography to advance in the process of your research. We can enter a library with an idea and leave with a specific work topic and support material.
Large libraries, in general, are organized by areas of knowledge. Upon entering we will find a room of natural sciences, one of social sciences, medicine, humanities and so on.
Next, we have to evaluate the library catalog. This will surely be distributed in such a way as to facilitate the search of the users. The most recommendable thing is to start the revision by subject, because by author it is done when you know exactly what you are going to look for. Although, it could be the case that the student knows the writer but not the name of his work and vice versa.
When we search by subject area, we must use the keywords that enclose the idea or research topic. For example, if our intention is to study “the process of creation and composition of books in the Middle Ages”, placing a sentence like that in the catalog search engine, may not give us any results. Therefore, we must deal with key words such as: “books in the Middle Ages”, “medieval book market”, history of the book “or” history of the edition “. Now, if the student has prior knowledge, even if it is superficial, he can use more specific terms: “illuminated books” or “medieval miniatures”.
In principle, this mechanism can be enough to find what we need. However, some libraries have more complex catalogs, of several subdivisions by authors and subjects. Magazines and other periodicals could be in a separate catalog, in separate rooms or building. In such a way that, before searching, it is important to learn about the functioning of the library.
THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC REPERTORIES
Some libraries have manuals or journals that contain the most recent information on the most relevant acquisitions or publications by subject. These materials serve to be attentive to the news. Also, we can build our first bibliography from these repertoires.
In the first exploratory search in the library you will not read all the materials you get at once. You must concentrate your efforts on putting together a first draft of references. Check the index of the books or magazines that you think you can use and review their own bibliographies. Thus, you will be able to notice which sources are common to all the results and, in this way, to come up with obligatory reference texts, classic in the matter and the subject to be developed.
Copy all the reference lists. In addition, you can prepare bibliographic records to have at hand the data of the materials when you need to consult them.
If yours are not the cards, you can always photocopy the bibliographies and archive those materials to keep an appropriate record.
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While intermittent fasting isn’t new, it’s gained popularity again with recent research. The idea of focusing on when you eat instead of what you eat is a welcome diet approach for some people. Studies show that intermittent fasting can have many beneficial effects including lowering blood glucose and reduced insulin resistance and reduced insulin requirements. Other health benefits adding to the list are weight loss, decreased inflammation, cancer risk reduction, lower cholesterol and blood pressure, brain health, and anti-aging.
What is intermittent fasting?
There are several different ways to fast, but the three most common forms are:
- Daily time-restricted eating, or sometimes called the 16:8 plan, is fasting 16 hours and eating during an 8-hour period. For example, eating only during 12:00-8:00 p.m.
- Every other day or alternate-day fasting is eating one moderate-sized meal in the middle of the fast day and regular meals on the non-fasting day. An example of this is eating a meal around 500 calories between 12-2 p.m. on the fast day.
- Two days per week, or sometimes called the 5:2 plan is eating one moderate-sized meal on the two fast days. For example, eating one meal around 500 calories daily twice per week and eating regular meals 5 days per week.
How it works
To understand more about intermittent fasting, I went to a leading researcher in this topic, Mark Mattson, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins Medicine neuroscientist. His recent review article on intermittent fasting describes the science and practical applications.
Mattson describes the benefits of intermittent fasting are from metabolic switching. During fasting, glucose is depleted and the liver converts fatty acids to ketones to be used for energy instead of glucose. So, the switch is going from glucose to ketones. Ketones are produced 8-12 hours after the start of fasting. “Elevation of ketones is a marker of the metabolic switch, but animal studies suggest beneficial cellular responses beyond ketones” states Mattson. So even if someone is not in ketosis, there are still benefits of fasting.
I asked Mattson if there is a preferred time for fasting. “We don’t know the answer to that yet, but it’s clear that skipping breakfast can be healthy”, replied Mattson. While more research is needed, there could be a benefit of fasting from carbohydrates while including some protein and fat.
Not all studies show that intermittent fasting is superior to a low-calorie diet for weight loss. Mattson commented, “It depends on the calorie restriction and the intermittent fasting regimen. Research does support that people maintain body weight loss well with intermittent fasting and that it enhances the loss of fat.”
What are the risks?
The immediate risk is hypoglycemia for people with diabetes who take diabetes medication such as insulin and sulfonylureas. While drinking water is encouraged during fasting, dehydration could be a risk if you are used to drinking with meals. Adequate nutrient intake is also a concern if food choices are unhealthy when not fasting.
Some side effects of intermittent fasting may include intense hunger, headaches, irritability, weakness, and nausea. Mattson says it can take up to a month to adapt to a new eating pattern and feel the benefits.
Currently, Mattson doesn’t recommend intermittent fasting for people with type 1 diabetes. Other people who should not follow intermittent fasting include women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, older frail adults, young children, and people with eating disorders.
ADA does not recommend IF as a therapy for diabetes. According to ADA’s nutrition therapy Consensus Report, the studies reviewed showed that intermittent fasting may result in weight loss but didn’t improve A1C.
The bottom line
Intermittent fasting is not for everyone. Talk with your healthcare provider before trying any form of fasting, especially if you take diabetes medication. Some medications may need to be adjusted and increased glucose monitoring depending on your hypoglycemia risk. Intermittent fasting can be safe and effective for people with diabetes when medically monitored.
Mattson advises people interested in intermittent fasting to ease into it. He recommends narrowing the time window of eating. For example, for one month fast for 10 hours, then next month increase to 12 hours. This all depends on your daily routine and preferences.
Intermittent fasting isn’t a pass to eat unhealthy food when you do eat. It’s important to still follow a healthy nutrient-dense diet because you are eating less often. Remember to stay hydrated and drink more water than normal to make up for the loss of fluids from foods.
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Joy of Apex
This novel study is geared toward students in Grades 5 and 6. The unit consists of nine lessons focused on Joy of Apex by Napatsi Folger. Through dynamic activities, the book study addresses common yet sensitive life events as it explores the life of Joy Magnussen, a young girl of ten growing up during a parental separation.As they participate in reading, writing, oral communication, comprehension, and reflection activities, students will become more knowledgeable on the main topics of study: Family, Growing Up, and Friendship. Through discussion and short – answer activities, students will address family dynamics and marital separation from the perspective of the characters in the book. In a series of comprehension and research activities, they will analyze the challenges and growth the characters experience, and develop a deeper understanding of friendship and the act of growing up. They will engage in a series of language activities, in which they will analyze text features and the parts of a story, and learn about parts of speech and sentence structure. Students are further encouraged to draw on their own life experiences through journal reflections.
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A broad collection of tables and charts covering health and safety in the U.S. construction industry, as well as considerable economic and training data.
Section 3: Payroll and Nonemployer (without Payroll) Establishments in the Construction Industry
The construction industry consists almost entirely of small establishments. In 2002, of the 710,307 establishments with payroll, about 79% had fewer than 10 employees (chart 3a). The largest payroll establishments in the industry, which have 500 or more employees, were well under 1% of the total, although they employed 8.4% of the industry's payroll employees. Payroll establishments were less than 26% of all construction establishments in 2002, but produced more than 91% of the dollar value of business done in the construction industry.The U.S. Census Bureau's definition of "establishment" for nonemployer (known as "without payroll," see Glossary) is one that has no paid employees, has annual business receipts of $1,000 or more ($1 or more in the construction industry), and is subject to federal income taxes. The Census Bureau excludes establishments from this category if they have receipts above a predetermined cutoff of $1 million for corporations and partnerships and $2 million for service-type industries, assuming that they have paid employees. (For sole proprietorships, the Census Bureau's cutoff varies greatly depending upon industrial classification.)
Each distinct business income tax return filed by a nonemployer business is counted as an establishment. Nonemployer businesses may operate from a home address or a separate physical location. Nonemployers are typically self-employed individuals and they are not surveyed in the Economic Census. Instead, administrative data are compiled from the annual business income tax returns filed with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and maintained in the Census Bureau's Business Register. The nonemployer statistics have been released as an annual data series since 1998, separate from the Economic Census reports.
The Census Bureau counted 2.07 million nonemployer establishments in construction in 2002, a 9.6% growth from 1.89 million in 1997. About 92% of nonemployer establishments in construction are sole proprietorships or self-employed (see chart book page 20), and the rest are small corporations (5.5%) and partnerships (2.6%) without paid employees. The dollar value produced by nonemployer establishments totaled $115.3 billion, accounting for 8.7% of the total value produced in the construction industry.
Many specialty trade contractors (NAICS 238) have no paid employees. For instance, in 2002, 84% of 748,100 building finishing contractors (NAICS 2383) were nonemployer establishments. In residential construction (NAICS 2361), about 70% of 574,487 establishments had no paid employees (chart 3b) and produced almost $36 billion in 2002 (chart 3c).
The proportion of nonemployer establishments varies by state. In 2002, establishments without payroll made up 80% or more of all construction establishments in the following nine states (in decreasing order): Tennessee (at 86%), Texas, Mississippi, Arkansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia (chart 3d).
3a. Number and percentage of construction establishments and employees, by establishment size, 2002 (Payroll establishments)
|Establishment size (number of employees)||Number of establishments||% of all establishments||Total number of employees||% of all employees|
|1 to 9||562,457||79.19%||1,756,859||24.42%|
|10 to 19||78,917||11.11%||1,046,853||14.55%|
|20 to 99||60,274||8.49%||2,316,454||32.20%|
|100 to 499||8,074||1.14%||1,465,900||20.38%|
|500 or more||585||0.08%||607,004||8.44%|
Note: All charts - Because some classifications have changed with the adoption of the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), numbers provided cannot be directly compared with charts in The Construction Chart Book, Third Edition, which used the 1997 NAICS system.
Chart 3a - Data covers the private sector only. Figures may not add up to totals because of rounding. In 2002, payroll establishments totaled 710,307, with 7.2 million employees.
Chart 3b - Number for each category is a combination of establishments with and without payroll. Percent in parentheses for each category represents the percentage "without payroll" (or nonemployer) establishments. Data are matched at the four- or five-digit NAICS level.
Chart 3d - Total of 2,071,317 nonemployer establishments, ranged from 57% to 86% by state.
Chart 3a - U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Construction Subject Series, Table 4, October 2005 (EC02-23SG-1), http://www.census.gov/prod/ec02/ec0223sg1t.pdf (Accessed November 2007).
Chart 3b - U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Summary Statistics, http://www.census.gov/econ/census02/data/us/US000.HTM (Accessed November 2007) for payroll. U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Core Business Statistics Series, April 2005 (NS02-00A-1), http://www.census.gov/prod/ec02/ns0200a01.pdf (Accessed November 2007) for nonemployer.
Chart 3c - U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer statistics, http://www.census.gov/epcd/nonemployer/ (Accessed November 2007).
Chart 3d - U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Geographic Area Series, Construction, http://www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide/EC02_23.HTM (Accessed November 2007) for payroll. U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, http://www.census.gov/epcd/nonemployer/ (Accessed November 2007) for nonemployer.
Back to Table of Contents
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How many inches in a cm?
When you want to convert 16.6 centimeters into the equivalent of inches, first you need to know how many inches 1 centimeter is equal to.
This is how I will be specific: one centimeter equals 0.3937 inches.
Facts about centimeter
A centimeter is a common unit of length in the metric system.
It equals to 0.01 meter.
This unit is used in CGS system, maps, home repaire and all areas in our life.
A single centimeter is roughly equivalent to 39.37 inches.
What is Inch?
The inch is a unit of length in the UK and the US customary systems of measurement. An inch is equal to 1/12 of a foot or 1/36 yard.
How to convert 1 cm to inches?
For 1cm to inches conversion, multiply 1cm using a conversion factor 0.3937.
This allows you to easily convert 16.6cm into inches.
Therefore, 1 cm to inches = 1 x 0.3937 = 0.3937 inches.
This information will help you answer the following questions easily and clearly.
- What is one centimeter into inches?
- What is cm into inches conversion?
- How many inches equals 1 cm?
- What does 1 cm equal to in inches?
How to convert 16.6 cm to inches?
You have fully understood cm to inches by the above.
This is the formula:
Value in inches = value in cm × 0.3937
So, 16.6 cm to inches = 16.6 cm × 0.3937 = 6.53542 inches
This formula can be used to answer the related questions:
- What is the formula to convert 16.6 cm to inches?
- How do I convert inches from cm?
- How to change cm to inches?
- How to measure cm into inches?
- What is 16.6 cm equal to in inches?
|16.2 cm||6.37794 inches|
|16.25 cm||6.397625 inches|
|16.3 cm||6.41731 inches|
|16.35 cm||6.436995 inches|
|16.4 cm||6.45668 inches|
|16.45 cm||6.476365 inches|
|16.5 cm||6.49605 inches|
|16.55 cm||6.515735 inches|
|16.6 cm||6.53542 inches|
|16.65 cm||6.555105 inches|
|16.7 cm||6.57479 inches|
|16.75 cm||6.594475 inches|
|16.8 cm||6.61416 inches|
|16.85 cm||6.633845 inches|
|16.9 cm||6.65353 inches|
|16.95 cm||6.673215 inches|
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Spinal implant assists paraplegics to exercise
By Karen Sprey
November 30, 2010
Paraplegics may soon find it easier to exercise their leg muscles through activities such as cycling and rowing, thanks to a tiny microchip implanted in the spinal canal. Dubbed the Active Book because of its booklike appearance, the microchip combines electrodes and a muscle stimulator in one unit the size of a child's fingernail.
Although this is not the first time electrodes and stimulators have been implanted in paraplegics, this latest device is the first to combine the electrodes and muscle stimulator in one unit, so that more nerves can be stimulated and better function achieved.
A team of engineers from University College London, as well as Freiburg University and the Tyndall Institute in Ireland, used laser processing technology to cut tiny electrodes from platinum foil. The electrodes were folded into a 3D shape resembling a book, and the "pages" were closed in around the nerve roots and micro-welded to a hermetically sealed silicon chip.
"The work has the potential to stimulate more muscle groups than is currently possible with existing technology because a number of these devices can be implanted into the spinal canal," said project leader Professor Andreas Demosthenous. "Stimulation of more muscle groups means users can perform enough movement to carry out controlled exercise such as cycling or rowing."
The device could also help improve other muscle function such as stimulating bladder muscles to help overcome incontinence, improving bowel capacity and suppressing spasms.
The Active Book will be made available for pilot studies in 2011.Share
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By Hallebeth Jones
“True leaders always practice the three R’s Respect for self, Respect for others, Responsibility for all their actions.”
"Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other."
John F. Kennedy
“A true leader has the confidence to stand alone, the courage to make tough decisions and the compassion to listen to the needs of others. He does not set out to be a leader but becomes one by the equality of his actions and the integrity of his intent.”
"If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader."
John Quincy Adams
"Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower."
Steve Jobs, Apple co-founder
"Do not follow where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail."
Ralph Waldo Emerson
"The very essence of leadership is that you have to have vision. You can't blow an uncertain trumpet."
Theodore M. Hesburgh
“A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way.”
“A genuine leader is not a searcher for consensus, but a molder of consensus.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
"A good objective of leadership is to help those who are doing poorly to do well and to help those who are doing well to do even better."
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We started talking about this in another thred, and 603 had the idea that someone should make a post where people could talk about adding LEDs to projects.
So I thought I would start with the basics.
Places to Buy:
The two most comment trypes of LEDs you are most likly going to see or uses are 3mm and 5mm. You can pick them up at radio shack or online. They are also the type you will see in most flashlights, or even the solar powered lamps for your yard.
You will need to know a couple things before you start hooking up your LEDs.
Your source voltage (1.5v, 9v, 12v, ect.). IE the battery you are using for power. AA battery is 1.5v a computer power source is 5v. All of them say on them somplace how much thier voltage is. Even on transformers (power bricks) you might have from an old printer or cell phone will say power in power out. Power out would be your source voltage.
You will need to know the Voltage Drop Across or Forward Voltage for the LED. This is the amount of voltage to get the LED to work correctly. The information can normally be found on-line or on the LED package. If you don't know the exact voltage rating of the led, you can use the following values as guide lines.
Standard Red: 1.7
Super Bright Red: 2.2
Standard Green: 2.2
High Intensity Blue: 4.5
High Intensity White: 4.5
Disired LED Current. Amout of current that the led uses when powered up properly. 3mm and 5mm LEDs usually operate in the range of 20 - 30 mA. 20 mA is usually a good value to go with.
With these three numbers you can uses the calculator to figure out what type of resistor you will need.
Why do you need a resistor? Well, if you notice most of the LEDs uses around 3V or less. So if you plug a 9v into a 3mm Red that needs only 1.7V it will glow bright for about half a second and then start smoking. Resistors reduce the ammount of voltage that gets to the LED.
So lets do a quick calculation: You have a 9v Battery and one Super Blue LED you want to uses. So we know our voltage, 9. And the VDA for this moddel is 3.6V. Current we want is 20mA. So the resistor we need is 330 omhs. The calculator is great when you have a large collection of LEDs all running off one power source.
BUT it is important to remember how you will be turning them on and off. If you don't want them to all come on at once, or you have different switches for each one, then you want to calculate based on how many are coming on with that one switch. Its just a good rule of thumb.
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| 0.931151 | 613 | 2.859375 | 3 |
|The Promise of Increased Unemployment|
Fiscal contractions raise both short-term and long-term unemployment, as shown in Chart 3, but the impact is much greater on the latter. Long-term unemployment refers to spells of unemployment lasting more than six months. Moreover, within three years the rise in short-term unemployment due to fiscal consolidation comes to an end, but long-term unemployment remains higher even after five years.
Fiscal consolidations thus add to the pain of those who are likely to be already suffering the most—the long-term unemployed. This is a particular worry today since the share of long-term unemployed increased in most Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries during the Great Recession. And even in countries where it did not increase—such as France, Germany, Italy, and Japan—the share had already been very high even before the recession.
Job loss is associated with persistent earnings loss, adverse impacts on health, and declines in the academic performance and earnings potential of the children of displaced workers (see “The Tragedy of Unemployment,” in F&D, December 2011). These adverse effects are exacerbated the longer a person is unemployed.
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I’ve been traveling so this one is from the archives. Enjoy! – AB
What are primes?
A prime number is a positive integer with exactly two different divisors. For example, 2 is prime, as 1 and 2 divide it. The same is true for 3, 5, and 7. But 6 is not prime as it has four divisors 1, 2, 3 and 6.
On first glance, we may think that primes are not so useful. After all, we don’t use primes in daily life. Or do we? Read on!
First, we provide a few basic and not so basic facts about primes.
- A handy fact: to determine that a number n is prime, check for prime divisors at most √n. For example, we can quickly determine that 83 is prime by checking that 2, 3, 5 and 7 are not divisors.
- Every number is a product of primes. For example, 26 = 2• 13, and this is called a prime factorization. Prime factorizations are unique up to the order of the factors. This is one of the simplest reasons why primes matter: in a sense, they form an infinite periodic table of elements from which all other numbers are built. If you know a numbers prime factorization, then it tells you something fundamental about that number. Depending on the work you are doing, it may be better to represent 12,397 as 7 2 • 11 • 23.
- At the time of writing this blog, the largest prime that we know is 274,207,281 − 1, a number with over twenty two million digits. Of course, there are much larger primes. In fact, most primes are larger than this tiny number! As Euclid proved over two thousand years ago, there are infinitely many primes.
- If you look at how they are dispersed on the number line, then the primes are ubiquitous. According to the Bertrand–Chebyshev theorem: if you take an integer n and double it to form 2n, then you know there is always a prime between n and 2n.
- Primes don’t seem to arise according to any fixed pattern that we know. However, long clumps of them do appear in certain kinds of patterns. An arithmetic progression is a sequence of integers of the form an+b. For example, 3, 5, and 7 appear as 2n+3, where n = 0, 1, and 2. A breakthrough result of Ben Green and Terrance Tao from 2004 showed that arbitrarily long, finite sequences of primes are contained in arithmetic progressions.
- There are fast algorithms to check if a number is prime. Agrawal, Kayal, and Saxena proved in 2002 that deciding if a number is prime or composite is in polynomial time. However, we don’t know the computational complexity of finding the prime factorization of an integer.
Primes also have beautiful density patterns as exhibited by the prime number theorem and the Ulam spiral. Check out this video on the density of primes.
Why are primes important to security?
Primes matter in real life. You can’t hide from the primes. Each time you use your bank card or do on-line shopping, primes are likely lurking in the background.
The science of encoding and transmitting secure data is called cryptography. Cryptography has an ancient past, but in the last century mathematicians developed sophisticated cryptographic algorithms that are very hard to crack.
Cryptography algorithms like RSA and others rely on so-called trapdoor functions; that is, functions easy to compute in one direction but not in the reverse. For example, prime factorization is a trap door: if I give you two primes, then it is easy to compute their product. However, if I give you a large number that is the product of two primes like 2997 -1, then it extremely tough to find the two primes.
Many other applications in computer science and engineering use primes. For example, random number generators and error correcting codes exploit properties of primes.
Why are primes interesting to mathematicians?
To put it bluntly, mathematicians don’t understand primes as well as would like.
Primes are the bread and butter of number theory, and in that field, there are many deep, unsolved problems them. One of the simplest to state of these is the Goldbach conjecture: each even integer greater than 2 is a sum of two primes. For example, 8 is 3+5, and 26 is 23+3. The Goldbach conjecture has been open since the 18th century.
We don’t understand gaps between primes very well. The Twin Prime Conjecture states that there infinitely many primes p so that p+2 is also prime. In other words, we can find infinitely many examples of primes with gap 2. In 2013, Yitang Zhang announced that he could prove there were infinitely many primes with gap less than 70 million. That gap may seem ridiculously large, but it was a major breakthrough. Using his techniques, Terrance Tao and others have reduced the gap down to 246.
Another deep unsolved problem connected to primes is the Riemann hypothesis, which is more technical to state. Define the Riemann zeta function (or just zeta function) at value s as the infinite series:
The zeta function can take complex values, and is defined if the real part of s is greater than 1; for example, at s=1 it is the divergent harmonic series. At s=2, it has value π2/6.
There are infinitely many zeroes (that is, solutions of the equation ζ(s)=0) of the zeta function, such as the negative even integers, and these are called trivial zeroes. The zeta function also has complex number zeroes. The Riemann hypothesis claims that the real part of any non-trivial zero of the zeta function is 1/2. In other words, all the non-trivial zeroes live on the critical line z = 1/2 in the complex plane.
While the Riemann hypothesis appears unrelated to primes on the surface, many conjectures about primes rely on its validity. One consequence has to do with the distribution of primes numbers. When I recently interviewed Barry Mazur (whose book on primes and the Riemann hypothesis came our recently; Barry is one of the leading number theorists), he gave his perspective on this connection. We close with his words.
“Draw a graph (on one standard-size page) that charts the number of primes less than x, and where the range is for values of x between 1 and, say, 40, and it looks like the most randomly constructed staircase. And now draw one where the range is for values of x between 1 and, say, 100,000 primes and you get a strikingly smooth graph! Looking at primes from afar, their erratic turbulence disappears. That is the perplexity: from afar the graph of primes is so smooth, while from near it looks disorganized and complicated. The Riemann hypothesis continues the grand project begun by Gauss of explaining exactly how smooth that progression of primes is.”
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It seems the general public just can't make up its mind about the existence of man-made climate change. Rather than steadily increasing or decreasing over the last decade, the U.S. public's concern over our warming planet has jumped up and down, according to Gallup polls. But what exactly is driving this seesawing of opinions on climate change?
The level of public concern about this global issue is mostly influenced by the mobilization efforts of political leaders and advocacy groups, new research shows.
"Public opinion regarding climate change is likely to remain divided as long as the political elites send out conflicting messages on this issue," lead researcher Robert Brulle, a professor of sociology and environmental science at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said in a statement.
To come to their conclusions, Brulle and his colleagues aggregated data from 74 separate national surveys conducted between January 2002 and December 2010. The surveys asked 84,086 respondents to gauge the level of threat they attributed to climate change (some of the surveys used different words to describe the phenomenon, such as global warming and the greenhouse effect). The researchers used this information to create a "climate change threat index," which assigned a numerical value to the public's concern for each quarter of the year.
Next, they developed a list of measures to evaluate the five factors they believed should account for the changing levels of concern: extreme weather events, public access to accurate scientific information, media coverage, positions of political elites and efforts by advocacy groups.
For example, to examine the influence of advocacy, the researchers counted the number of stories on climate change in environmental and conservative magazines, as well as the number of New York Times mentions of Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth," between 2002 and 2010.
The researchers also looked at several additional control variables that could possibly influence public concern about the environment, such as the unemployment rate and the gross domestic product (if the public is highly concerned with these economic issues, they would be less likely to worry about climate change).
After plugging all this information into computer models, they found that access to scientific information has a minimal effect on the public's opinion about climate change, while weather extremes have no noticeable effect whatsoever (which slightly contrasts with a 2011 study). Media coverage seems to exert an important influence, but the researchers conclude that this coverage is inextricably tied to other factors, such as political opinions and the state of the economy.
With the critical factors now in hand, the researchers sought to create a narrative to explain the major shifts in public opinion -- which occurred in 2004, 2007 and 2010, where 26 percent, 41 percent and 28 percent of Gallup poll respondents, respectively, stated they "worried a great deal" about climate change. (Since 1990, this percentage has never gone higher than 41 percent, and has only once gone below 26 percent, when it dropped to 24 percent in the late 1990s.)
Between 2006 and 2007, the researchers note, key Republicans and Democrats worked together to advocate climate change legislation. Around the same time, "An Inconvenient Truth" hit theaters and subsequently earned an Academy Award, while the economy remained relatively stable.
But starting in 2008, Republican anti-environmental voting increased progressively, hitting its peak in 2010. Additionally, media coverage of Al Gore's documentary faded, and the 2008 financial collapse caused unemployment to increase and the GDP to decline.
The researchers conclude that any communication strategy to raise awareness about climate change must be coupled with a broader political strategy.
"Political conflicts are ultimately resolved through political mobilization and activism," the researchers write in their study, published online Feb. 3 in the journal Climate Change. "Further efforts to address the issue of climate change need to take this into account."
- Earth in the Balance: 7 Crucial Tipping Points
- Top 10 Surprising Results of Global Warming
- Blue Marble: Looking Back at Earth From Space
Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Home Page > Picture Archives >> Convolvulaceae > Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea natans, Ipomoea repens, Ipomoea reptans, Ipomoea sagittifolia, Ipomoea subdentata
Kangkong, river spinach, swamp cabbage, water convolvulus, water morning glory, water spinach
Ipomoea aquatica is a semiaquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots and leaves. It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, although it is not known where it originated. This plant is known in English as water spinach, river spinach, water morning glory, water convolvulus, or by the more ambiguous names Chinese spinach, Chinese Watercress, Chinese convolvulus, swamp cabbage or kangkong in Southeast Asia. Occasionally, it has also been mistakenly called "kale" in English, although kale is a strain of mustard belonging to the species Brassica oleracea and is completely unrelated to water spinach, which is a species of morning glory. It is known as phak bung in Thai and Laotian, ong choy in Cantonese, kongxincai (空心菜) in Mandarin Chinese, rau muống in Vietnamese, kangkong in Tagalog, ကန်စွန်း, gazun in Myanmar, trokuon (ត្រកួន) in Khmer, kolmou xak in Assamese, kalmi saag in Hindi, kalmi shak in Bengali, Thooti Koora in Telugu, kangkung in Indonesian, Malay and Sinhalese and hayoyo in Ghana. In Suriname (South-America) it's known as dagoeblad or dagublad.
QNHG (Qatar Natural History Group) and associated people, for a possibility to participate in their field excursions and to learn about local nature.
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After decades of sailors trying to reach India with thousands of lives and dozens of vessels lost in shipwrecks and attacks, Gama landed in Calicut on 20 May 1498. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the Columbian Exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, human populations including slaves , communicable diseases, and culture between the Eastern and Western hemispheres, in one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. JPY (Japanese Yen) Latest News, Analysis and Forex. Tps: Latest JPY market news, analysis and Japanese Yen trading forecast from leading.
- He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.
- The governing structure of the church is based on the traditional parishes which are gathered into dioceses presided over by a bishop. After the Wright brothers historic flight, how long did it take for man to walk on the moon? Need Facebook Who Wants To Be A Millionaire answers, solutions and cheats? Consult our quick reference chart. En help us grow more Millionaire cheats!
- One of the rarer of the seven cases is the locative, only marked in proper place names and a few common nouns. Thank you for your continued support of Deadspin. Ve a swell evening. Sclaimer: You are leaving a Gizmodo Media Group, LLC website and going to a third party site.
- After the conquest, Mehmed made Constantinople the Ottoman Empire's new capital. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it Beijing, constructed the Forbidden City, and restored the Grand Canal and the primacy of the imperial examinations in official appointments.
Top Patriots Pen Essay Contest Examples Of Pronouns Tips!
His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous; however, his enemies, especially the popes, prevailed, and his dynasty collapsed soon after his death.
- But the number of the ungodly has so much grown in power that there is no place left in the world which they have not tried to corrupt with their most wicked doctrines; and among others, Elizabeth, the pretended queen of England and the servant of crime, has assisted in this, with whom as in a sanctuary the most pernicious of all have found refuge.
- This gold also gave the coinage its name—the guinea. Bushs presidential library is located on the campus of what Texas universityAMReal estate listings often describe a home requiring repairs as being in need of whatthe Indy 500 were converted from miles to kilometers, it would be called the what805Introduced in the 50s, the first Swanson frozen TV dinners were ready to eat in how many minutes?
- On a football field, the 50-yard line is located how many feet from either teams goal line? As a result of Augustine's mission, the church in England came under the authority of the Pope.
- The Indian numerals are traditionally thought to have been adopted by the Persian and Arab mathematicians in India, and passed on to the Arabs further west.
- Shes a whathellbender is a variety of what animalof the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World was built firstAT GIZAStretching from Georgia to Maine, the Appalachian Trail does not pass through which of these statesCAROLINAA popular story involving Christopher Columbus features the explorer standing what object on its endEGGWhich of these common automobile features was invented by a womanWIPERBefore breaking into Hollywood, Ronald Reagan worked as a radio sportscaster, calling games for what MLB teamCUBSThe alligator is naturally found in the United States and what other countryDisneylands ride Its a Small World, animatronic dolls sing the title song in all but which of these languagesof these playthings is produced by combining boric acid and silicone oilPUTTYWhat world landmark features 56 pits called Aubrey Holes, which were once filled with cremated bonesa high school student, Lethal Weapon producer Joel Silver helped invent which of these gamesFRISBEEWhich of these brands of sweets is credited as being the first individually wrapped penny candyROLLSWhat prolific author holds a 2010 Guinness record for Most Entries on The New York Times Best-Seller ListPATTERSONWhich of these international cities is not currently the capital of its countryCITYThe Census 2010 questionnaire was available in all but which of these languagesdefinition, an anchorite has retired into seclusion usually for what reasonBELIEFSLongtime congressman Henry Waxmans distinctive grooming has earned him what cheeky nicknameMUSTACHE OF JUSTICEIn the context of the classic 1961 novel Catch-22, Catch-22 is a whatREGULATIONWhich of these countries has an element named after itartist depicted his close friends furniture in the 1888 painting Paul Gauguins ArmchairVAN GOGHHeld annually in February, what country celebrates National Pisco Sour Day, in observance of their national drinkto Doris Roberts, Everybody Loves Raymond doesnt air in what country because her character is too stronghe was famous, which of these actors played a roid-raging high school football player on a 1994 after-school specialAFFLECKWhat weather term was coined in a 1939 dissertation by Antarctic explorer Paul SipleCHILLAs of 2011, only Vermont and what other U. Scoville scale, used to measure the zing of chili peppers, rates which of these peppers the hottestnot anchoring NBC Nightly News, what newsman frequently spoofs himself of TVs 30 RockWILLIAMSOn an 80s TV series, a plucky orphan named Penelope Brewster was better known as whatto the popularity of Harry Potter, what word was added to the Oxford English dictionary in 2003politician who suddenly changes his public position on an issue is commonly said to have whatthe Winter Olympics, females are not allowed to compete in which of these disciplinesJUMPINGWhat sport does Jose Canseco play professionallythe French for half-cup, a demitasse is commonly a small serving of whatStrait of Magellan runs primarily through which of these countries1557 mile long Ganges River flows through what countryINDIACape Agulhas, and not the nearby Cape of Good Hope, is the southernmost point of what continentpants are named for a picturesque resort island located off the coast of what countryis the name of the dog who has appeared alongside Sailor Jack on Cracker Jack packages since 1918to Central and South America, the bushmaster is a type of what animalstores were temporarily converted into Kwik E-marts to promote the release of what movieSIMPSONS MOVIEBy definition, a chiropodist is a specialist who treats disorders of the whatof the sports most famous players, Prince William captained what team at the University of St. The Lady of the Lake. E Lady of the Lake. R Walter Scott, Bart. Ited with Notes. Lliam J. Lfe, A. Formerly Head Master of the High School.
- Armys Old Guard music corps is known as the whatAND DRUM CORPSWhat is Yuri Gagarins claim to fameMAN IN SPACENot quite as American as apple pie, what came in second on the American Pie Councils 2008 survey of favorite flavorsis the punch line to the math joke, What does trigonometry have in common with a beachGENTSA Food Wine magazine article titled Cook Like a Pit Master presents tips on preparing what kind of foodto ruin the occasional reputation, Page Six is a famous gossip column in what U. Marine Corps motto is often shortened to Semper Fi, a phrase in which Fi is short for whatmost of the 1988 movie Working Girl, Melanie Griffiths character had what occupationtitle of a 1955 Marilyn Monroe film suggests that spouses itch to stray after how many years of marriagetown of Riverside, Iowa claims to be the future birthplace of what fictional characterJAMES KIRKIn 1984 David Stern became the commissioner of what sports professional leaguebit of folk wisdom warns that when you point a finger at someone, how many fingers are pointing back at youby Garry Shandling, which of these iconic 90s TV characters was a neurotic late-night TV hostSANDERSWhich of these fictional characters are described as being three apples tallbirthplace of actress Portia de Rossi, Geelong is a port city located whereits TV ads, which brand of cat food is known for featuring a fluffy white cat eating from a crystal gobletFEASTAccording to official lore, whose birth was greeted by a double rainbow over sacred Mt PaektuJONG IIWhat film critic gives out Golden Thumb awards to his annual Overlooked Film FestivalEBERTIn 1839, what inventor first vulcanized rubberGOODYEAROutraging conservationists, who said A tree is a tree, how many more do you need to look atREAGANIn what language do written questions begin with an upside-down question markcountry is said to have cultivated the worlds first orange carrot, in honor of their king William of OrangeDisneys Operation Dumbo Drop, U.
He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats.
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Scientists have appealed to the World Health Organisation to publicly condemn homeopathy as a treatment for serious diseases, such as HIV/Aids.
British scientists have appealed to the World Health Organisation to publicly condemn homeopathy as a treatment for serious diseases, such as HIV/Aids, TB and malaria.
The researchers, many of whom have worked in developing countries, called on the WHO to act amid fears that vulnerable patients are dying after turning to homeopathic preparations instead of effective medicines.
The WHO works with national organisations that promote homeopathy and other alternative medicines in their public health programmes.
Homeopathy practitioners have opened clinics throughout Asian and sub-Saharan Africa and offer to treat patients with HIV, malaria, influenza and childhood diarrhoea, none of which have been shown to respond to homeopathy. Many patients are told that conventional drugs work only temporarily and that homeopathic preparations are cheap and effective alternatives with fewer side effects.
“Those of us working with the most rural and impoverished people of the world already struggle to deliver the medical help that is needed. When homeopathy stands in place of effective treatment, lives are lost,” the scientists write in an open letter to the organisation.
Homeopathic medicines are made by repeatedly diluting preparations with water until there is no trace left of the original compound. The overwhelming medical opinion is that homeopathic treatments are no more effective than placebos.
“The WHO’s strategy is very unclear on homeopathy and that is shocking. They are supposed to be articulating evidence-based medicine, but their stance is very wishy-washy,” said Dr Daniella Muallem, a biophysicist at University College London, who signed the letter.
“Homeopathy is cheap, but there is no evidence that it works for these diseases, and the way they are being sold by practitioners is dangerous and completely unethical. There are medicines that do work and we should be advocating trying to get those to people,” Muallem added.
According to WHO estimates, 33-million people were living with the HI virus at the end of 2007, and during that one year, two million people died of Aids, including 270 000 children. Two-thirds of the world’s HIV cases are in sub-Saharan Africa.
The organisation recorded 247-million cases of malaria and nearly one million deaths in 2006. A child dies of the disease every 30 seconds.
In the letter, early career medics and researchers from the Voice of Young Science network highlight homeopathy projects in Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Ghana and Botswana that all offer to treat patients with HIV, malaria, diarrhoea or the flu.
“Many people in developing countries urgently need access to evidence-based medical information and to the most effective means of treating these dangerous diseases. The promotion of homeopathy as effective or cheaper makes this difficult task even harder. It put lives at risk, undermines conventional medicine and spreads misinformation,” the letter says.
Raymond Tallis, emeritus professor of geriatric medicine at Manchester University, said: “The catastrophic consequences of promoting irrational and ineffective treatments for serious illnesses have been demonstrated in South Africa, where Thabo Mbeki’s policies have led to an estimated 365 000 unnecessary premature deaths. The prospect of replicating this reckless behaviour elsewhere in developing countries by advocating homeopathic treatments for Aids and other potentially lethal conditions is appalling.” - guardian.co.uk
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Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Expedition is considered to be one of the most important exploration events in U.S. history. President Thomas Jefferson knew the importance of exploring the new land area that had just been bought from the French in the Louisiana Purchase.
Jefferson selected Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition, and Lewis wanted William Clark to help him lead. The amount of land in the Louisiana Purchase almost doubled the size of the United States, and the expedition would take over two years.
Exploring the new land involved a lot of dangers, including horrible weather, rough terrain, treacherous waters, disease, near starvation, and both hostile and friendly Native Indians. The team traveled over 8,000 miles, mapping out the geography, keeping journals of animals, plants, and other ecological information, as well as including everything that they could about this new North American uncharted area.
- President Jefferson had a former relationship with Meriwether Lewis when he was his 27-year-old personal secretary. Jefferson knew of Lewis’ history as part of the Virginia state militia that assisted in putting down the Whiskey Rebellion as well as his role as U.S. Army Captain. Jefferson had a calm confidence in Lewis’ abilities, education, and knowledge to do the job on this expedition.
- William Clark had served with Lewis in the regular Army after he had joined the state militia in Kentucky. Clark held a commission as lieutenant of infantry under President George Washington. Due to serving together, Lewis knew well that Clark was dependable and would make an excellent co-leader.
- The importance of the Louisiana Purchase meant that the size of the United States had almost doubled. Little was known about the far west areas, as ownership had changed hands a few times. France had originally claimed ownership, but after the French and Indian War turned over some of Louisiana to Spain and the rest to Great Britain. In 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte became the leader of France, and he wanted the old territory back. He knew the benefits of trade along the Mississippi River and the value of the port at New Orleans.
- King Charles IV of Spain gave the Louisiana Territory back to France in 1802, but he also revoked America’s port access. This nearly caused a war until President Jefferson, and James Monroe got Bonaparte to sell the 827,000 square miles known as the Louisiana Territory for $15 million. What few know is that Bonaparte actually sold the Port of New Orleans for $10 million and threw the rest of the land in for an additional $5 million.
- Jefferson worked with Congress to finance an expedition to survey the lands and gather as much information as possible. He knew that the population of the United States was growing and it needed places for expansion and successful farming.
- Preparing for such a vast expedition was almost daunting. Lewis had studied botany, zoology, medicine, and astronomy, and he used his skills to look through as many of the existing maps as possible. Both Lewis and Clark led the expedition equally, and they each had particular skills to offer as the trip was planned.
- The trip was going to cover areas starting at the Mississippi River, then west to the Rocky Mountains, then from the southern area of the Gulf of Mexico to the northern Canadian border. They wouldn’t include what is now Texas and part of California because Spain still owned that land area.
- President Jefferson called the expedition the “Voyage of Discovery,” and referred to the members of the expedition as the “Corps (KOR) of Discovery.” Jefferson knew that this would be one of the most challenging expeditions that had ever happened in the United States, and after Congress approved the funding, Lewis and Clark and their team members set out to explore the newest areas of the U.S.
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P4C is centred on nurturing philosophical enquiry. The aim is to help children to become more willing and able to question, reason, construct arguments, and collaborate with others. It is intended to lead to improved self-confidence, as well as cognitive improvement and academic attainment. Pupils participate in group dialogues focused on philosophical issues. These are prompted by a stimulus (a story or video) and are based around a concept such as ‘truth’, ‘fairness’, or ‘bullying’.
The evaluation found evidence that P4C had a positive impact on pupils’ Key Stage 2 (KS2) progress in reading and maths. Gains in KS2 were greater in all subjects for pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM). However, results on the Cognitive Abilities Test (a different outcome measure not explicitly focused on attainment) showed mixed results. Pupils who started the programme in Year 5 showed a positive impact, but those who started in Year 4 showed no evidence of benefit.
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Function of the oil deodorization line.
Oil deodorization line is used to extract odorants from oil. Odorants are substances that impart unwanted flavor and smell to the finished oil product. Deodorization lines come in both cyclic and continuous operation designs.
Deodorization Line: Description
With the pump H6д the refined freezed-out oil is pumped from the unit E4д through heat-exchanger T9д. There it is heated up to the necessary temperature and constantly moved through the coils of deodorizer E7д lower section. In this part oil is heated to the needed temperature and flows to the tank of final heating E6д.
In the tank of final heating the oil is heated up to temperature 230-245°С with high-pressure steam under vacuum at barbotage of direct steam for distillation of the most volatile components and intensification of heat exchange. The steam generator ПГ12д of closed cycle is used for generating direct steam.
The heated oil is pumped to thinly-pellicle section of E7д deodorizer. Due to the developed mass exchange surface, created by special structured packing, the oil contacts with steam in the thin pellicle that intensifies the removal of fatty acids and other undesirable components and minimizes the consumption of steam.
After the thinly pellicle column oil moves through two conditioning sections the deodorizer E7д, where it is subjected to influence of high temperature, direct steam and deep vacuum.
In the deodorizer E7д lower section plant oil is cooled during barbotage of direct steam at the expense of heating of incoming oil. With the pump H8д the oil is moved out of E7д section through the heat exchanger, where it is cooled by incoming oil. Then in the heat exchanger T10д the oil is cooled once again with circulating water. The oil is transferred through one of the police filters (Ф11.1д or Ф11.2д) and moves for storage.
Vacuum system is a four-stage steam jet ejector block PB16d with two mixing condensers.
For reduction of vacuum system and barometric well dirtying the vapors from deodorizer move to E13d scrubber. In this scrubber the vapors are sprayed by means of cooled deodorization distillate with the aim of condensation of fatty acids. With the help of pump H14д fatty acids are pumped from the unit through heat exchanger T15д, where they are cooled by water. They circulate on contour E13д-H14д-T15д-E13д. The surplus of fatty acids is pumped out to the storage tank.
We manufacture high quality oil deodorization lines for all plant oil production processes. Our oil deodorization lines are easy to use, reliable, strong, and durable. They are designed to provide you with stable uninterrupted operations with the least maintenance costs. They are also quite easy to use.
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The little molecules that could: a story about microRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
There are many biological processes occurring in nature with dynamic complexity: neurogenesis is one such process. The special topic of “microRNAs in Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) and Neurogenesis” in Frontiers in Neuroscience discussed diverse roles microRNAs (miRNA) play in neurogenesis through a series of review articles and original research articles. This editorial serves to highlight these appealing articles, which build a comprehensive story about the many different roles miRNA molecules play in NSCs and neurogenesis.
Neurogenesis involves the generation of newborn neuronal cells from NSCs and progenitor cells in the mammalian brain. The main steps of neurogenesis include NSC self-renewal, neural progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal commitment, migration, maturation, and integration (Shi et al., 2010). Neurogenesis is highly active during development when new neurons are formed and integrated into the growing brain. Neurogenesis continues to occur in the brain throughout adulthood within two discrete adult neurogenic niches, the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1994; Eriksson et al., 1998).
In recent years, much attention has been focused on the impact miRNAs have on the process of neurogenesis. miRNAs are single-stranded, non-coding molecules that typically range between 21 and 24 nucleotides in length. They are post-transcriptional regulators that are endogenously expressed and bind to complementary sequences of messenger RNA targets. miRNAs regulate multiple processes including: development, cell proliferation and differentiation, growth and neurogenesis (Ambros, 2004; Bartel, 2004). Though small in length, miRNAs control gene expression through targeting many downstream targets. In a recent review, miRNAs are introduced as an important player in the regulation of embryonic stem cells and neurogenesis (Kawahara et al., 2012). Emphasis is placed on components of miRNA biogenesis, such as Dicer, Drosha, DGCR8, Lin-28, and other related proteins involved in neurogenesis; some of which have been linked to cancer, fragile × syndrome, and nervous system disorders (Kawahara et al., 2012). The review written by Lang and Shi highlighted the dynamic roles that miRNAs play in multiple steps of neurogenesis including: NSC proliferation, self-renewal, neuronal differentiation, maturation, and dendritic spine morphogenesis (Lang and Shi, 2012). This review covered key miRNA regulators in neural development and adult neurogenesis. It summarized the role of miR-9, miR-124, miR-137, miR-184, and let-7 in NSC proliferation and differentiation, miR-125b and miR-128 in neuronal differentiation and maturation, and miR-132, miR-134, miR-138 in dendritic spine morphogenesis (Lang and Shi, 2012).
Switching gears from neuronal differentiation, Barca-Mayo and Lu discussed miRNAs important for glial-lineage fate specification with an emphasis on the fine-tuning of oligodendrocyte development (Lu and Barca, 2012). The authors elaborated on the roles of miRNAs, particularly miR-219, miR-338, and miR-138, in regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. Also highlighted in this article is a discussion concerning the potential use of miRNAs as disease biomarkers for nervous system diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, owing to a greater stability of miRNAs in comparison to messenger RNAs (Lu and Barca, 2012).
As discussed by Schouten et al., miRNAs have been implicated in aging-associated cognitive decline, synapse formation, and the effects of circulating levels of steroid hormones (Schouten et al., 2012). Within this framework, the ability of newborn neurons to functionally integrate into hippocampal circuits could be partly attributed to the activity of miR-132. Furthermore, the authors gave a compelling account of miRNAs in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, along with their effects on target genes and the potential influence these interactions have on neural development disorders, such as Rett syndrome and autism.
A discussion concerning neurogenesis would not be complete without taking a look at the epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression important for NSC maintenance and fate specification. In their review, Jobe et al. explored the ability of non-coding RNAs to “crosstalk” with other epigenetic mechanisms—namely DNA methylation and histone modification. The authors paid particular attention to the contributions of epigenetic mechanisms to NSC regulatory networks in adult neurogenesis (Jobe et al., 2012). Furthermore, this review raises a discussion concerning how neuronal activities, inflammation, stress, and diseases lead to changes in epigenetic states.
While there are many tools offering a “straight-forward” approach to miRNA transcriptional profiling, such as miRNA arrays, PCR, and Northern blotting, functional studies on miRNA remain technically challenging (Akerblom et al., 2012). For instance, Dicer knockout studies suggest critical roles for miRNA in neurogenesis, but the results are difficult to interpret because knockout of Dicer affects all miRNAs, not just the miRNAs of interest. In addition, the stability of mature miRNAs makes conditional Dicer knockout studies difficult to control temporally. This being said, in their review, Akerblom et al. discussed examples taken from studies done on critical regulatory miRNAs in neurogenesis, including miR-124, miR-9, and Let-7 family members (Akerblom et al., 2012).
In an interesting original research article, Chen and Wichterle performed conditional knockout of Dicer in motor neuron progenitors in order to elucidate a role for miRNAs in the regulation of post-mitotic neurons and fate specification of different motor neuron subtypes in each segment of the developing spinal cord (Chen and Wichterle, 2012). Their studies revealed that the requirement for Dicer function in motor neurons is subtype-specific and that miRNAs are important for proper motor pool specification and the maintenance of motor neurons (Chen and Wichterle, 2012).
In another original research article included in this series, a miRNA sponge was used to block the silencing activity of miR-9 to study the functional role of miR-9 (Otaegi et al., 2012). The authors demonstrated that blocking endogenous miR-9 allows for stronger expression of FoxP1 and a mild reduction in Lhx3-expressing motor neurons, suggesting the involvement of miRNAs in the fine-tuning process of motor neuron subtype identity specification (Otaegi et al., 2012).
Using miRNA genome-wide array profiling combined with bioinformatics analysis, Gao et al. identified a collection of miRNAs dynamically regulated by the zinc-finger protein, REST, during neuronal differentiation of primary mouse NSCs. In this study, the authors found that REST is critical for the proper expression of certain miRNAs under varying differentiation conditions, which in turn, provides insight into the REST-regulated stage-specific expression of miRNAs during NSC-neuronal differentiation (Gao et al., 2012). Studies such as these help us to unfold the role that miRNAs play in neurogenesis.
In conclusion, the study of neurogenesis is a poignant area of study, particularly because of the difficulties associated with modeling human brain diseases and injuries. Studies of key molecules that regulate the dynamic interactions in the brain, particularly miRNAs, present an opportunity to control and fine-tune NSC populations and cell fate conversion, as they are capable of intricate balance and regulation. Together, these articles reflect a sophisticated and exciting story of the dynamic roles miRNAs play in NSCs and neurogenesis. Further elucidation of the roles of small non-coding RNAs in brain development will serve as a powerful tool in brain disease modeling and therapeutics.
We thank Drs. C. Fitzsimons, Q. R. Liu, J. Hsieh, and T. Sun for comments, C. Roberts for editing the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH NINDS R01 NS059546, RC1 NS068370, and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine TR2-01832.
Chen, J.-A., and Wichterle, H. (2012). Apoptosis of limb innervating motor neurons and erosion of motor pool identity upon lineage specific dicer inactivation. Front. Neurosci. 6:69. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00069
Schouten, M., Buijink, M. R., Lucassen, P. J., and Fitzsimons, C. P. (2012). New neurons in aging brains: molecular control by small non-coding RNAs. Front. Neurosci. 6:25. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00025
Citation: Asuelime GE and Shi Y (2012) The little molecules that could: a story about microRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis. Front. Neurosci. 6:176. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00176
Received: 03 October 2012; Accepted: 21 November 2012;
Published online: 07 December 2012.
Edited by:Angelique Bordey, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Reviewed by:Angelique Bordey, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Francesca Ciccolini, University of Heidelberg, Germany
Benedikt Berninger, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
Copyright © 2012 Asuelime and Shi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
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Below is an article that was presented during this year’s Nationals at the beginning of the event. This year’s theme is Moo Do Jaseh and this article gives a description of what that is and what the true purpose of our art is. This article was researched by D.K. Jang Sa Bom Nim. Earlier this year, I went to Santa Barbara and Sa Bom Nim Jang dictated his research to me and I compiled it into essay form. This final copy was reviewed by Sa Bom Nim Jang and approved. All of the beautiful calligraphy was written by Sa Bom Nim Jang.
The Purpose of Soo Bahk Do
Soo Bahk Do is our moo do, or martial art. The “art”, or “Do”, is a language of the spirit and body, therefore, “moo do” is our language of spirit and body through martial training. It’s not what moo do is that’s important, but how we express it that matters.
Many practitioners believe Soo Bahk Do translates to “hand strike way”. This is an inaccurate translation and does little to describe our art by labeling it as merely a form of attack. Soo Bahk Do is not defined as a method to strike with the hands, rather Soo Bahk Do is a tool to strengthen our spiritual and physical language and improve overall personal well-being.
The term “Soo” does mean “hand” but the hand is a representation of the human body. Look at Figure 1 to see the seal script for the term “Soo” (Seal script is an older style of Chinese writing and the first writing style that used the term Soo Bahk). It is a representation of the human body with a head, spinal cord, and tail (tailbone). The two horizontal lines symbolize the arms and legs. Placing a real hand upside down, each finger represents one of the 5 main branches of the nervous system:
- The middle finger represents the spine.
- The index and ring fingers represent the legs.
- The thumb and little finger represents the arms.
The term “Bahk” has many meanings including to tangle, twist, turn over, pound, or change. An example would be a farmer turning over the soil which is a form of cultivating the earth. Another example would be a smith who works with metal by pounding and folding it to produce something of value. Every translation has one thing in common: Bahk is a term to improve or cultivate. The symbol on the left is the same symbol for “Soo” showing a human change. Just as a farmer and smith put forth tremendous effort and hard work to achieve the desired result, we as Moo Do In (Martial Art Practitioners) must give sincere effort as well. Physical cultivation will only come after intense physical conditioning as you pound, twist, and change your body. The same process is required for a spiritual change. Only after you are exposed to life’s challenges and successfully overcome them by choosing the path of virtue can you achieve spiritual refinement.
“Do” is an abstract term that is roughly translated as a spiritual way or path. The left side of the character signifies a road or path and the right side stands for head. Do can be expressed and observed through our actions.
Therefore, Soo Bahk Do really means the way of the art of human well-being. Our destination is to improve every aspect of the self. We need to keep every part of our self healthy. There are three distinct areas that we should concentrate to improve:
- Our skin, muscles, and bones relate to our external, physical health. In order to strengthen our body, we need to apply a scientific method. This is accomplished in the do-jang as we improve our strength, endurance, flexibility, and technique. We strengthen and improve our physical body through Weh-Kong.
- Our internal health relates to how we eat, sleep, and breathe. Training in both Moo Pahl Dan Kuhm and Moon Pahl Dan Kuhm (Standing and Sitting 8 Pieces Brocade) will improve the health of the internal organs through Ki-Kong breathing and an understanding of O-Haeng. Our internal health is closely coupled with O-Haeng, O-Ki, and the related 5 internal organs: Kidney, Liver, Heart, Lung, and Spleen. Regretably, few Moo Do In understand the relationships of O-Haeng, but is a vital component to the training of Nae-Kong 內功 (sincere internal effort).
- Our spirit, or ma’ulm, relates to our heart or soul. It is not intellectual, but spiritual. Enhanced intellect is only beneficial as long as it is applied to cultivate one of these three distinct areas: Weh-Kong, Neh-Kong, or Shim-Kong. The value of the 8 Key Concepts, for example, is much more than a standard for improved martial technique. Courage, concentration, endurance, honesty, humility, and others are principles that need to be engraven in your ma’ulm, and revealed in your every action—both in and out of the do-jang. This is Shim-Kong 心 功 (sincere spiritual effort) training.
All three work together to find well-being. The composite gives us good health and longevity. Soo Bahk Do is the vehicle to improve each of these three aspects of our selves and that is the purpose of Soo Bahk Do.
Kohn Kyung means sincere effort. In order to improve yourself in these three areas, it’s important that you have sincere effort. Kong 功is another term that translates to effort and is the basis for the terms Shim-Kong, Nae-Kong, and Weh-Kong. Only by exercising sincere effort in cultivating the soul, breath and internal organs, and the physical body, will a Soo Bahk Do practitioner succeed in the purpose of Soo Bahk Do.
Soo Bahk Do gives us various tools to accomplish its purpose of “rejuvenation and prolonging of life beyond the normal span”:
- Um Yang is balance, which stands for harmony.
- Ship Sam Seh which comprises Pal Gwe and Oh Haeng (not to be confused with the Song of Ship Sam Seh).
- Chil Sung
- Yuk Ro (pronounced Yoong-no)
Each of these is an important tool, or asset needed to be connected to the history, culture, and philosophy of Soo Bahk Do. They are much more than mere lists or terms to memorize, but have great significance and application in your moo do training in and out of the dojang. If you cannot apply these principles in both your training and personal life, you cannot connect to the art. As the Song of Ship Sam Seh states: “Failing to follow [these principles] attentively, you will sigh away your time.”
Do Jang & Do Bok
The Do-jang is the place where we train Soo Bahk Do. Not so long ago, nature was the dojang since there were no formal dojangs with beautiful, painted walls; soft mats or polished wood floors; modern kicking bags and plush targets; or air conditioning and heating. The dojang was outside with whatever conditions Nature was willing to give you.
Even then, there was still a sense of do-jang, called do ryang, which is a Buddhist term. In Buddhism, outside of the main temple structure, there was a do ryang, or place of awakening. Traditionally, the monks would clean the dirt around the do ryang before they became monks. This was a way for them to clean their ma’ulm and connect with the Buddha.
The term do-jang comes after World War II where formal structures were erected called do-jang. “Jang” has two parts. The first is “place” and the second is “change” . Do-jang is the place to change your “do” or your “ma’ulm”. See figure 2 for the calligraphy. It is the place to cultivate your soul and improve self well-being through sincere effort in Weh-Kong, Nae-Kong, and Shim-Kong training. It is not just a place to memorize your forms or learn new martial techniques. Both of these are additional tools used to improve the self.
In the do-jang, we need to wear do-bok. Do-bok means wearing your soul (ma’ulm). When we wear our do-bok in the do-jang, we are reminded that we are here to try and change and improve our ma’ulm and that my ma’ulm is visible to others through my actions. The way you put on your do-bok or the way you care for your do-bok will say much about your ma’ulm.
Moo Do Jaseh
The physical expression of Soo Bahk Do is moo do jaseh. We know that moo do is a language (spiritual or physical language). Jaseh is a posture. We need a good posture of both physical and spiritual. Ja means manner and beauty. Seh means aspect or strength.
Manner (Ja) means:
- A way of doing something or the way in which something is done or happens.
- A way of acting, bearing, or behavior.
- Socially correct way of acting.
Aspect (Seh) means:
- A way that something can be viewed by the mind.
- Appearance to the eye.
Moo Do Jaseh is a physical manifestation of your ma’ulm. Therefore, the way you perform the moo do jaseh will determine how close you are to the art of Soo Bahk Do. The way you present a Chun Gul Jaseh, for example, is a manifestation of your ma’ulm. Likewise, the way you wear your do bok will say a lot about who you are as a person. A dirty, wrinkled do bok will tell a different story than a clean, crisp one. Moo Do Jaseh is everything in our training including the way you tie your belt and the way you communicate with your juniors, seniors, and the general public. Moo Do Jaseh is manifested through your walk, your tone of voice, your words, and your actions.
From a spiritual perspective, all ethical behavior is proper moo do jaseh and can be summarized by the term Duk Haeng—Virtuous Action. Moo Do Jaseh should be made manifest in our every action. If this is the case, then every action will reflect our philosophy. As we practice and become accustomed to acting with proper Moo Do Jaseh, everything we do becomes ceremonious, not as a result of vain repetition, but as a result of sincere, consistent, and natural effort. Actions become ceremony as we tie our belt, ironing our do bok, clean the dojang, and help each other. When all of these things become ceremonial, you become more than a martial artist. You become an artisan of Soo Bahk Do. The art defines you and you contribute to the definition of the art. When you become an artisan, everything you do becomes a serenading stage, full of beauty. This is true mastery.
Soo Bahk Do and Moo Duk Kwan
Soo Bahk Do is more than just an activity to learn to get in shape and practice self defense techniques. It is a set of Korean principles that are available to help better ourselves and those around us. True moo do comes from seeking to learn and to apply these principles and then sharing these ideologies amongst each other as those before us have done in order to preserve this legacy of learning. The Moo Duk Kwan is an organization founded by the late founder, Grandmaster Hwang Kee to do just that. It facilitates the movement of ideas and principles and allows us to connect with people of similar passion. Our Moo Duk Kwan pride should come from our proper application of Moo Do Jaseh in our members, which will make a positive change in the societies in which they live.
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A minute usually refers to a unit for measurement of time, but also refers to a unit of angle in astronomy.
Around 2400 BC, the ancient Sumerians, who used six as their mathematical base, divided a circle into 360 degrees, with each degree subdivided into another 60 parts, and so on.
The Romans called these units minute prima, or first small part, and secunda minuta, or second small part.
This system was perfect for round clock faces, and that’s why we use minutes and seconds as divisions of time.
In ancient astronomy, a minute can also mean a unit of time equal to 1/60th of a day, or 24 minutes.
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Close-up View of Vesta's South Pole Region
In this image, obtained by Dawn's framing camera, a peak at Vesta's south pole is seen at the lower right. The grooves in the equatorial region are about six miles wide (10 kilometers). The image was taken on July 24, 2011, from a distance of about 3,200 miles (5,200 kilometers). The Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. It is a project of the Discovery Program, managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. UCLA is responsible for overall Dawn mission science. Orbital Sciences Corporation of Dulles, Va., designed and built the Dawn spacecraft.
The framing cameras have been developed and built under the leadership of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, with significant contributions by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin; and in coordination with the Institute of Computer and Communication Network Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany. The framing camera project is funded by NASA, the Max Planck Society and DLR. More information about Dawn is online at http://www.nasa.gov/dawn .
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA
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We start off with a song that is famous as the face of the US Civil Rights Movement, We Shall Overcome. As is the case with most folk songs, the origins of this song are also majorly murky. Originating from the gospel traditions of both blacks and whites in the late 1800s, the first appearance of We Will Overcome in print was in 1901 and is attributed to Rev. Charles Tindley of Philadelphia, a man credited to composing over 50 hymns and lyrics. A more recent development of the song began in 1946 when Lucille Simmons, on strike against the American Tobacco Company, sang a slow version of We Will Overcome on a picket line. From here it passed on to folk singer Pete Seeger, famous as founder of The Almanac Singers and later The Weavers. Pete claims to have changed the lyric from We Will to We Shall, and also added some other verses.
Subsequently the song was taken up as the anthem of the Civil Rights Movement. Another folk singer, Joan Baez, helped bring the song to a wider audience through her participation in marches and most importantly the 1969 Woodstock festival (The same Joan Baez whose rendition of Blowin’ In The Wind features in Forrest Gump). Lyndon Johnson used the phrase in his address of Congress on March 15, 1965 after attacks on Civil Rights activists. Martin Luther King Jr. used the phrase in his last speech before assassination. In India the song or rather the tune gained mileage when Hum Honge Kaamyaab, a Hindi translation of the song by renowned poet Girija Kumar Mathur became popular, particularly in schools. School-goers from the 80s would invariably have sung this song on some occasion or the other! The song also started making lot of appearances in popular culture. One prominent instance that I can recollect is the cult comedy Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro. A Bengali translation was also made, by Bengali folk singer Hemanga Biswas and later re-recorded by Bhupen Hazarika, by the name Amra Karbo Joy. More recently in 2006, Bruce Springsteen released an album We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions which featured his version of the song among other 14 songs by Pete Seeger. The album also notched up that year’s Grammy for the Best Traditional Folk Album.
One might think that over time the song is slowly being forgotten, but that is hardly the case as can be seen from the way banners featuring “We Have Overcome” were raised when Obama got elected. There could hardly have been an expression better describing such a historic occasion! Over the years, We Shall Overcome, in short, has remained just that – a non-belligerent expression of suffering and determination. Check out the videos below and I am sure you would find the song still capable of giving you that feeling of elation and inspiration. And on the eve of the Independence Day, that is indeed one feeling that you should be having.
- A.Song.A.Day – Scarborough Fair
- A.Song.A.Day – Aicha
- Padma Awards 2013 – Winners from the musical category
- Preview out for Rashid Ali’s debut album produced by A R Rahman
- A.Song.A.Day – For What It’s Worth
- Times Of India’s Independence Day Present – Full Version of Jana Gana Mana
- Blood Money – Music Review
- A.Song.A.Day – Raindrops Keep Fallin’ On My Head
- Monkemoner Station – Music Review (Bengali Album)
- Colonial Cousins Once More – Music Review (Indipop Album)
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What is it?
A palpitation (pall-pih-ta-shun) is a pounding or racing feeling in your heart. You may feel that your heartbeat is not normal. You may feel a "flip-flopping" sensation or a flutter in your chest. Palpitations may be upsetting but are usually not a serious problem.
Anxiety (ang-zi-ih-t), not enough sleep, some medicine, or caffeine may cause palpitations. Nicotine in cigarettes or exercising too hard may be other causes. Heart disease, thyroid problems, or other diseases may also cause this problem.
Signs and Symptoms:
You may feel like your heart is "skipping beats," "fluttering in your chest," or "racing." Or you may feel like your heart is jumping or throbbing in your chest. Palpitations may be serious if you feel dizzy, light-headed, short of breath, or faint (pass out).
Your physician will listen to your heart. Blood and heart tests may be done. You may need to change medicines if your medicine is causing the palpitations. Sometimes medicine may be used to prevent palpitations.
Herbs and Supplements:
Before taking any herbs or supplements, ask your caregiver if it is OK. Talk to your caregiver about how much you should take. If you are using this medicine without instructions from your caregiver, follow the directions on the label. Do not take more medicine or take it more often than the directions tell you to. The herbs and supplements listed may or may not help treat your condition.
Other ways of treating your symptoms : Other ways to treat your symptoms are available to you.
Talk to your caregiver if:
SEEK CARE IMMEDIATELY IF:
You have the right to help plan your care. To help with this plan, you must learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. You can then discuss treatment options with your caregivers. Work with them to decide what care may be used to treat you. You always have the right to refuse treatment.
1. Bleecker ER & Engel BT: Learned control of cardiac rate and cardiac conduction in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med 1973; 288(11):560-562.
2. Xia Y, Guo XQ, Zhang AZ et al: Inhibitory effect of analogous electro-acupuncture on experimental arrhythmia. Acupunct Electrother Res 1985; 10(1-2):13-34.
Last Updated: 4/4/2014
Copyright © 1984- Thomson Micromedex. All rights reserved.
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Literature is but a poor trick, you will say, when it busies itself to make words pass for things ; and yet I am far from thinking this subordinate service unimportant. The secondary services of literature may be classed under the name of Rhetoric, and are quite as important in letters as iron is in war. An enumeration of the few principal weapons of the poet or writer will at once suggest their value.
Writing is the greatest of arts, the subtilest, and of most miraculous effect ; and to it the education is costliest. On the writer the choicest influences are concentrated, — nothing that does not go to his costly equipment : a war, an earthquake, revival of letters, the new dispensation by Jesus, or by Angels ; Heaven, Hell, power, science, the Neant, exist to him as colors for his brush.
In this art modern society has introduced a new element, by introducing a new audience. The decline of the privileged orders, all over the world ; the advance of the Third Estate ; the transformation of the laborer into reader and writer has compelled the learned and the thinkers to address them. Chiefly in this country, the common school has added two or three audiences: once, we had only the boxes; now, the galleries and the pit.
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The state has directed all school districts in Florida to keep schools closed through the end of the school year due to concerns over the coronavirus. More information is available on our Coronavirus Information page.
Computing, Concept Understanding & Problem Solving
Middle school mathematics provides students with essential skills to prepare them for life outside the classroom setting. Mathematics instruction involves helping students learn important topics and skills with lasting understanding and proficiency through balancing the teaching of computation, conceptual understanding, and problem solving in a classroom centered around student engagement and discussion on rich mathematical tasks.
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https://www.sdhc.k12.fl.us/doc/316/middle-school-mathematics/about/middlemath-about/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347409171.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20200530102741-20200530132741-00402.warc.gz
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en
| 0.93965 | 113 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Working together to improve the quality of life for persons with physical disabilities!
Although, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has made great strides with the disability rights movement, the true purpose of the ADA is yet to be fully realized. There is still a big gap between the theory behind the disability rights movement and the application of its promise.
People with physical disabilities still face oppressive marginalization including physical barriers to schools and adequate housing. Barriers to healthcare include an inability to access proper health care, health care provider misinformation, stereotypes about disability, and lack of appropriate provider training. Economically, their earnings and income are typically lower for
people with disabilities and their poverty rates are much higher than those who have no disability. Furthermore, inadequate transportation, limited ability to handle the activities of daily living and problems integrating within their community also cause additional barriers for persons with disabilities.
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<urn:uuid:d9ba6747-fde4-489e-b6c4-82bfc3a844af>
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CC-MAIN-2017-34
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http://www.disabilitypartnerships.org/the-need.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886103579.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817151157-20170817171157-00321.warc.gz
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en
| 0.967855 | 176 | 3.5 | 4 |
In honor of famed Mexican painter Frida Kahlo’s birthday this week, we are sharing ways you can expose your kids to Frida’s life and art. One of the most fun ways to learn her history is through the Frida’s World storybook app.
Instead of overwhelming users with Frida’s personal life details, this app focuses on her art and its impact. It inspires kids to use art to express themselves, no matter their circumstances. It celebrates Frida’s unique style and her positive attitude, all while showcasing her art with visual replicas.
Not only will you read about Frida herself, but you will learn a few artistic terms and techniques. Listen to the story in English or Spanish, and then give your child a chance to be an artist for a moment by coloring and saving his/her own “paintings.”
Find Frida’s World in iTunes
Available for iPhone and iPad
Recommended for ages 4-10
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<urn:uuid:14194473-06f3-4075-ae26-30546bbc2584>
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CC-MAIN-2014-10
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http://spanglishbaby.com/finds/fridas-world-storybook-app/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011129529/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091849-00039-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.916987 | 207 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Sheriff's departments enforce the law at the county level. State police, like the name says, work for state governments. That doesn't mean state police outrank or give orders to the county cops. The two have separate spheres of authority, though they may work together.
A sheriff has the authority to enforce the law anywhere within their county. If a city or town has its own police force, the sheriff normally lets city cops deal with crimes and emergencies within that jurisdiction. The sheriff and their deputies are responsible not only for law enforcement but courtroom security, county jails and serving legal documents such as subpoenas or eviction notices. Some city governments pay the sheriff's department for services rather than set up their own police force.
State troopers' primary job is to patrol the state highways and roads. Georgia state police, for example, investigate traffic crashes, assist motorists and help other agencies enforce traffic laws. Like sheriffs and deputies, troopers have the authority to make arrests. They also help investigate criminal cases that stretch across local jurisdictions throughout the state.
Unlike state troopers, county sheriffs are elected officials. The requirements for serving as a sheriff are typically set in the state constitution and state laws. In North Carolina, for instance, a sheriff:
- Must be at least 21-years-old.
- Not a lawyer or a member of the state general assembly.
- They've lived in the county for at least a year before running.
- They have no felony convictions.
Sheriff's deputies must complete 602 hours of law-enforcement training. They don't have to meet this requirement when they get the job but must do so within the first year of hiring. Deputies must be at least 21, with a high-school diploma or equivalent and a valid driver's license. They can't have a felony on their record.
North Carolina State Police require you to be at least 21 and no older than 39 when you start training. You need good health and at least a high-school diploma or equivalent. Applicants have to be willing to work anywhere in the state. State trooper can't have any crimes on their record worse than a misdemeanor. Troopers are hired by the state, whereas deputies are hired by the county sheriff.
Law-enforcement salaries vary widely across the country. The most recent federal figures put the South at the lowest level, with salaries ranging from $31,430-to-$45,700. The West Coast is at the top with earnings of $66,440-to-$96,660. The government does not break down figures by types of law enforcement jobs.
In Virginia, for example, state police pay qualified recruits $44,290 a year. as of 2018. This goes up to $48,719 a year after graduating the state police academy. The state provides troopers with uniforms and a take-home car. Virginia sheriff salaries are also set by the state, as the county position is established by the state constitution. Pay ranges from $61,457-to-$144,617 depending on various factors such as:
- The sheriff's responsibilities in a given county.
- Whether the sheriff has completed an accreditation program.
- The size of the county.
Some sheriffs receive more than the state-set salaries because they serve in multiple jurisdictions, or because their county pays extra.
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<urn:uuid:e570a319-4a5b-4bdd-bcf2-f9f97ec41588>
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CC-MAIN-2020-10
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https://work.chron.com/difference-between-state-trooper-sheriff-22502.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146176.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20200225233214-20200226023214-00554.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959148 | 681 | 2.703125 | 3 |
In Windows XP and the earlier Windows versions, there was only one Administrator account, and most single users used it as their main account. But Windows Vista and later, i.e., Windows 10 and Windows 8/7, have another built-in Administrator account, what may be referred to as a secret hidden super built-in Administrator account. It is hidden & turned off by default, and is similar to the ‘root’ account in Unix.
The use of the Administrator account is being phased out in Windows Vista, and there’s seldom a need to use it, instead of another administrator account. On installation of Vista, the Administrator account is disabled; but if you upgrade from Windows XP and Administrator is the only active local administrator account, then Administrator remains enabled. In this situation, it is placed in Approval Mode, for purposes of UAC. Since it is not subject to UAC prompts and runs with full administrative privileges, it’s rather risky, to run it on a regular basis. Any application could then have full control of the computer. So I suggest using it sparingly, only when you need to perform several administrative and don’t want to be bothered by UAC prompts. Initially, this ‘super’ Administrator account does not have a password, a serious vulnerability for a full-fledged administrator account. Best to assign a strong password to this account at the earliest opportunity.
Disable or Enable built-in Administrator account
To enable, activate or turn on this built-in Administrator account, type CMD in the search box. CMD will appear at the top. Right-click on it to ‘Run as administrator’.
To enable this built-in Administrator account, type this command & hit Enter:
Net user administrator /active:yes
To disable this built-in Administrator account, type this command & hit Enter:
Net user administrator /active:no
If you decide that you need a password for the administrator’s account that you are going to activate or if you are unable to activate it with a blank password run the following commands:
Net user administrator P@$$w0rd
Net user administrator activate:yes
You will get a message: The command completed successfully. (Where P@$$w0rd has been taken as an example password)
Switch user and log on using this password.
Alternatively, you may also type secpol.msc in the search box and hit Enter. This will bring up the Local Security Policy.
In the left side click on Local Policies > Security Options. Now on the right side, you will see the first entry as Accounts:Administrator Account – Disabled.
Right-click on it > Click Properties > Enable. Close.
You can also use our Ultimate Windows Tweaker for Windows 10 to easily enable or disable this built-in Administrator Account.
And why would you want to operate this account?
- You don’t want to be ‘annoyed’ by UAC.
- This ‘super’ administrator account has elevated privileges. This means that you can run CMD with unrestricted access to the command line.
- You need to carry out some serious troubleshooting.
- You have locked out your main account by accident, and you want a backdoor entry.
Learn to create a new hidden Administrator User Account in Windows 10.
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<urn:uuid:22b6f58a-b50b-45b8-9d04-b4e798dfe17b>
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CC-MAIN-2020-05
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https://www.thewindowsclub.com/activate-windows-super-administrator-account
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251705142.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20200127174507-20200127204507-00084.warc.gz
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en
| 0.895478 | 696 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Everist Genomics Offers Real-Time Heart Monitoring Smartphone Software
November 14, 2011 — Everist Genomics announced plans to commercialize its CardioDefender diagnostic system. It is the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and CE mark-registered smartphone echocardiogram (ECG) system to provide hospital-quality heart rhythm monitoring outside of the hospital setting. The system incorporates several capabilities enabling physicians to diagnose and treat potentially life-threatening arrhythmias that might otherwise be missed.
CardioDefender is the first system to deliver mobile, real-time, beat-by-beat, and quantitative heart monitoring and automated reporting by combining patented analytical smartphone software with a Bluetooth device and electrodes. The electrodes—which are attached to the patient's skin—transmit heart rhythm data to the Bluetooth device, which then transmits it to the smartphone. The software analyzes the data, which data is sent to a cardiac monitoring center; the center keeps an encrypted record of the data that can be reviewed by physicians.
Physicians are also able to receive arrhythmia alerts via their smartphone, tablet, laptop or desktop computer. In the event of a significant arrhythmia, the system will automatically transmit an alert to the patient's physician while the event is occurring.
The Joint Committee of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) recommends everyone over 40 years of age should be examined for potential heart arrhythmias. In the United States alone, more than 4 million people a year suffer from recurrent arrhythmias warranting a physician's care. About 780,000 people are admitted to the hospital for arrhythmias annually.
Arrhythmias are a very common event—almost everyone occasionally experiences minor arrhythmias that don't require medical attention. In contrast to these benign cases, however, some arrhythmias result in sudden cardiac death (SCD). In fact, most cases of SCD are caused by a specific type of arrhythmia known as ventricular fibrillation.
Ventricular fibrillation accounts for 75-80 percent of all SCDs in the United States. This type of arrhythmia also is often the first expression of coronary artery disease (CAD). It is responsible for approximately 50 percent of deaths from CAD, often within the first hour after the onset of a heart attack or coronary syndrome.
Identifying patients at risk of ventricular fibrillation remains a significant challenge. Although research shows the risk of ventricular fibrillation is greater among people with a history of cardiac events, only a small percentage of total ventricular fibrillation events actually occur in these patients. Identification of other types of heart arrhythmias also represents a major challenge as many arrhythmias occur without any signs or symptoms.
Conventional methods for monitoring and diagnosing arrhythmias have included hospital-based ECG systems, portable ECG recorders and Holter monitors, each of which present significant limitations. Hospital-based ECG monitoring, for example, typically limits the observation period to a few days, despite the fact people with intermittent arrhythmias rarely experience them at the hospital or doctor's office.
On the other hand, ECG recorders and Holters enable physicians to monitor patients' heart rhythm data remotely; such devices do not provide real-time, beat-by-beat, quantitative heart rhythm monitoring.
Moreover, portable ECG recorders and Holters are generally limited to less than 4 hours or 6 events of actual event recording time. Furthermore, these devices cannot simultaneously transmit heart rhythm data to monitoring centers while recording new data.
Following FDA approval and European CE Mark registration last year, CardioDefender has already been deployed at more than 150 medical facilities in the United States for post-approval commercial evaluation. Between January and October of this year, the number of patient days of heart rhythm monitoring performed with CardioDefender grew from fewer than 5,000 to more than 18,000 patient days per month.
This novel diagnostic system complements the AngioDefender diagnostic device for assessing endothelial function.
The company plans to make the CardioDefender system commercially available to international markets in January 2012.
For more information: www.everistgenomics.com
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<urn:uuid:7f825aa9-61df-499c-be70-65ee18f70775>
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CC-MAIN-2014-10
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http://www.dicardiology.com/article/everist-genomics-offers-real-time-heart-monitoring-smartphone-software
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999652921/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060732-00040-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.916481 | 888 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Jumping head first into a research project is a surefire recipe for stress and confusion. But if you're a newbie, how do you know where to begin, let alone where to go from there? Library instruction expert McAdoo has penned a primer specifically tailored to novice researchers, offering beginning-to-end guidance for every step of the research process, from planning and preparing to conducting and writing. Structured in a way that's easy to digest, McAdoo shows students* what research is and what it entails, the stages of research, and the elements of a term paper; * the essential steps in preparing for research, and how to understand the assignment;how libraries and librarians can help; * pointers for selecting a research topic and appropriate information tools; * strategies for conducting searches that will save time and effort, from using keywords to constructing more sophisticated searches; * how to understand, read, and evaluate search results; * the dos and don'ts of conducting research ethically, including how to cite sources and how and why to avoid plagiarism; and* guidance for shaping research results into quality writing.
Students will appreciate the book's clear and concise language regarding the research process, while teachers, faculty, YA staff, and academic librarians will find it a valuable tool for information literacy.
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<urn:uuid:dfe5dc54-1c09-45e0-a765-b33dec0b203f>
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://www.booknest.ie/The-Students-Survival-Guide-to-Research_9780838912768
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943695.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230321095704-20230321125704-00544.warc.gz
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en
| 0.916782 | 268 | 3.21875 | 3 |
We hear a lot about second hand smoke and asbestos, but we should also be aware of other sources of pollutants common in your home or office.
Includes molds, bacteria, viruses, pollen, animal dander and particles from dust mites
Come from sources such as fuel burning stoves, furnaces, fireplaces, heaters, and water heaters, using gas, oil, coal, wood, or other fuel.
A naturally occurring radioactive gas, can enter the home through cracks in the foundation floor and walls, drains, and other openings.
A common chemical, found primarily in adhesive or bonding agents for many materials found in households and offices, including carpets, upholstery, particle board, and plywood paneling.
- The Environmental Protection Agency lists poor indoor air quality as the fourth largest environmental threat to our country.
- The prevalence rate of pediatric asthma has increased from 40.1 to 69.1,—a 72.3 percent increase. Asthma is the sixth ranking chronic condition in our nation and the leading serious chronic illness of children in the U.S.
- Common housing problems or failures that occur in our homes include: musty odors and mold growth, window condensation, structural rot, peeling paint, back-drafting appliances, damp basements and ice dams, or build-up of ice on the roofs edge, and high utility costs.
4 Steps to Improve Your Indoor Air Quality
- Step 1: Install a properly designed heating and air system that includes proper ventilation and placement. The additional investment of a good air cleaner/purifier can further extend the benefits of healthier air.
- Step 2: Make sure your water heater is a sealed combustion, power ventilated or condensing unit. Older units should be tested and properly located to prevent distribution of contaminents from use.
- Step 2: Turn on the AC. Most pollutants are water-soluble, and as air conditioners remove water from the atmosphere, which in turn remove the pollutants.
- Step 3: Install a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter. You can make the air conditioner even more effective with a disposable HEPA filter. You will also want to make sure you change these filters on a regular basis.
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<urn:uuid:f85eed3d-2609-46b6-85fe-775f6a6a0d41>
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://acrepairencino.com/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320215.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624031945-20170624051945-00252.warc.gz
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en
| 0.904768 | 463 | 2.875 | 3 |
Written, Lengthy and Detailed Constitution
Our Constitution is written, lengthy and detailed. Written constitution is that which is based on written laws duly passed by a representative body elected for this very purpose. In other words, a written constitution is an enacted constitution. An unwritten constitution, on the other hand, is an evolved constitution. It is primarily based on unwritten conventions, traditions and practices. The Constitution of the U.S.A. is another example of a written constitution and that of England of an unwritten one. The Constitution of India is an elaborate document and is the most voluminous Constitution in the world. Our Constitution originally consisted of 395 Articles and eight Schedules. During the last forty-three years of its operation, seventy-six Amendments have been made to the Constitution. Two new Schedules have also been added, resulting in a further increase in its size and volume. An important reason for the extraordinary volume of the Constitution is that it contains detailed provisions regarding numerous aspects of governance. This was done to minimize confusion and ambiguity in the interpretation of the Constitution, another reason for its unusual lengthy is the incorporation of the good points of various constitutions of the world. The vastness of our country and its peculiar problems has also added to the bulk of the Constitution. Thus, for example, the Indian Constitution envisages laws for the governance of the States too. Detailed provisions regarding the working of the Union Government and the State Governments have been given with a view to avoiding any constitutional problem which the newly-born Democratic Republic might experience in the working of the Constitution.
Partly Rigid and Partly Flexible Constitution
A flexible constitution is that which can be amended like an ordinary law of the country, i.e. by a simple majority of Parliament. On the other hand, a rigid constitution is the one which prescribes a difficult procedure for its own amendment. The Constitution of the U.S.A. is the best example of rigid constitution because it can be amended only if a proposal for constitutional amendment is passed by a two-third majority in each House of the Congress (the US Parliament) and ratified by at least three-fourths of the federating states. The Constitution of Great Britain, on the other hand, is highly flexible. This is so because it can be amended by a simple majority of its Parliament, much like the ordinary laws of the country. The Indian Constitution is neither very flexible nor very rigid. Some provisions of the Constitution can be amended by a simple majority of Parliament, like ordinary laws of the land while most of the provisions can only be amended by a two-thirds majority of Parliament For very important provisions of the Constitution, such as the manner of election of the President and the extent of the legislative powers of the Union and the States, an amendment passed by a two-thirds majority of Parliament should also be ratified by at least one-half of the State legislatures. The Indian Constitution thus combines the flexibility of the British Constitution and the rigidity of the American Constitution. Jawaharlal Nehru, while justifying this nature of the Constitution, said,
“0ur Constitution is to be as solid and permanent as we can make it, yet there is no permanence in a constitution. There should be a certain amount of flexibility. If you make anything rigid and permanent, you stop the nation’s growth, the growth of a living vital organic people.”
Partly Federal and Partly Unitary
Our Constitution declares India a Union of States (federation). It prescribes dual set of governments-the Union Government and the State Governments. The subjects of administration have also been classified into three lists-the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List. Whereas subjects of national importance like currency, defense, railways, post and telegraph, foreign affairs, citizenship, survey and census have been assigned to the Union Government and placed under the Union List, subjects of local importance like agriculture, law and order, health and entertainment have been assigned to the States and form a part of the State List. Both the Union Government and the State Governments operate within the spheres of their authority. The Union Parliament and the State Legislatures enjoy co-equal powers to make laws in regard to the Concurrent subjects. These subjects are of common importance such as marriage and divorce, adoption, succession, transfer of property, preventive detention, education, civil and criminal law, etc. However, if there is a conflict between a Union law and a law passed by one or many State Legislatures, the law made by the Union Parliament would prevail over the State law. The Indian Constitution possesses other features of a federation too, for example, supremacy of the constitution. This means that the Union and the State Governments both operate within the limits set by the Constitution. Both the governments derive authority from the Constitution itself. Similarly, in all federal countries, the authority of the Court is a well established fact. This means that in case of a dispute between the Union Government and State Governments or between two or more State Governments, the verdict of the Court will be final. Not only this, the Supreme Court is given the responsibility of interpreting the Constitution in case of dispute or confusion. The Supreme Court of India is the guardian of the Constitution and fulfils its role as a Federal Court too. The Indian Constitution, though federal in form, has a strong unitary bias. The Central Government possesses extensive powers compared to the State Governments. The exercise of these powers by the Centre gives the Constitution the strength of a unitary government. Let us look at those provisions of the Indian Constitution that make it partly unitary. The Union Government can supersede the authority of the States both in the normal and abnormal times. The President of India can declare three different types of emergency. During the operation of an emergency, the powers of the State Governments are greatly curtailed and the Union Government becomes all in all. Even in normal times, the Union Parliament can legislate upon a subject given in the State List, if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by a two-thirds vote that such legislation is necessary in the national interest. Moreover, the Indian Constitution, unlike the US Constitution, does not provide for double citizenship, division of public services or of the judiciary. Similarly, the States in India do not enjoy the right to secede from the Union nor do they enjoy equality of representation in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha). Another unitary feature of our Constitution is that it gives Union Parliament the power to alter the boundaries of the existing States or to carve out new States out of the existing ones. It is on account of these features that the Indian Constitution is said to be federal in form but unitary in spirit.
The Constitution of India adopts Parliamentary system of government at the Centre and in the States. In such a system of government, the executive power is wielded by the Council of Ministers which is collectively responsible to the legislature. The Ministers continue in office so long as they enjoy the confidence of a majority of Members in the legislature. The moment they lose this confidence, a vote of no-confidence is passed against them and they have to resign forthwith. The responsibility of the executive to the legislature is also ensured by the right of the Members of the legislature to put questions to the Ministers. The Members may table adjournment motions and call attention motions against the policies pursued by the Government. The Ministers are duty-bound to answer all such questions and satisfy the Members of the legislature.
Certain rights are considered basic or fundamental as they provide suitable conditions for the material and moral uplift of the people. The Indian Constitution guarantees a number of such rights to the citizens of India. The Fundamental Rights of India conferred by the Constitution are:
- The Right to Equality;
- The Right to Freedom;
- The Right against Exploitation;
- The Right to Freedom of Religion;
- Cultural and Educational Rights; and
- The Right to Constitutional Remedies.
The Right to Property was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights by the Forty-fourth Constitution Amendment Act, 1978. The fundamental rights as envisaged in the Constitution of India are justiciable.
Directive Principles of State Policy
The Directive Principles of State Policy constitute another distinctive feature of our Constitution, These Principles embody certain ideals and objectives which should be kept in mind by the Union and State Governments while making laws and implementing policies. The implementation of these directives was not made compulsory due to the paucity of resources. The framers of the Constitution expected that as and when the future Governments would mobilise resources, they would do their best to implement these directives. Equitable distribution of wealth, employment for all, protection of health, compulsory education for children up to the age of fourteen and the establishment of village panchayats are some such principles. The Directive Principles of State Policy are non-justifiable. No legal remedy can be sought in a court of law ft the Government fails to follow or implement any of these principles. In other words, the Directive Principles are non-justifiable rights of the citizen. However, these principles are considered important in the governance of the country. It becomes a moral duty of every government to follow them and realise the purpose behind them. Several amendments to the Constitution, together with some judgments of the Supreme Court have paved the way for the implementation of the Directive Principles.
Independence of the Judiciary
Our Constitution has taken special care to establish an independent and impartial judiciary. The judges of the Supreme Court and the State High Courts have been provided security of service. Once appointed, their salaries and allowances cannot be altered to their disadvantage by the Government during the course of their tenure. Nor can they be dismissed before the age of their retirement except in case of proven misconduct supported by a resolution of Parliament passed by a two-thirds majority. Security of service of judges is in keeping with the dignity and prestige of the highest judicial organs of the country. This provision has been made in the Constitution to keep the judges independent and immune from the control and influence of the Executive. The judges can exercise their discretion in the dispensation of justice even if their decisions go against the Government. The Supreme Court and the State High Courts are also the guardians of the rights and liberties of the citizens and protect them against arbitrary action on the part of all government agencies.
In a country like India, with diverse cultural traditions and languages, it is essential to declare one language as the national language, symbolic of the unity of the different regions of the country. The Constitution declares Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the country. Besides, each State is authorised to adopt a regional language for all or some of its official purposes. English has also been allowed to be used along with other languages for official purposes.
Adult Franchise and Joint Electorates
The Constitution provides for Universal Adult Franchise. The citizens of India who are 18 years of age and above have been granted the right to vote irrespective of any qualification pertaining to education, possession of property or payment of income tax. The adoption of Universal Adult Franchise was indeed a very daring step taken by the Constituent Assembly in view of the fact that large sections of our people are illiterate. The manner and the orderliness, with which Indian masses have exercised their right to vote during ten general elections and many State Legislative Assembly elections, speak eloquently of the political maturity of our people. The Constitution has replaced the system of communal representation (introduced by the British in 1909) by that of joint electorates. The country is divided into territorial constituencies. From each constituency, members of different communities jointly elect a common candidate. The system of joint electorates promotes communal harmony and goodwill and discourages communal politics. To bring the Scheduled Castes and Tribes at par with the other communities of the country, some seats have been reserved for them in the Union Parliament, State Legislatures and local bodies. There are reserved parliamentary and assembly constituencies from where only the members of the Scheduled Castes or Tribes can contest elections.
Establishment of a Welfare State
The Preamble to the Constitution, as modified by the Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976 and the Directive Principles of State Policy aim at the establishment of a Welfare State in India. Keeping in view the inherent spirit of the Constitution, the successive governments at the Centre have been pursuing a policy of democratic socialism. Nationalization of banks and general insurance, fixation of ceiling on urban and rural lands and abolition of privy purses of the rulers of the erstwhile native States, implementation of various poverty alleviation programs are some of the measures which have been taken to remove gross inequalities of wealth and to usher in an era of social and economic equality.
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<urn:uuid:92128749-ca37-48be-b638-d9ef01db9d57>
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CC-MAIN-2014-10
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http://www.kish.in/salient_features_of_indian_constitution/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999664205/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060744-00016-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.95355 | 2,579 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Along U.S. Highway 50 west of Fallon, a historical marker designates the site of old Ragtown/Leeteville. Although neither survives today, they were of paramount importance to early-day Nevada travelers. At the end of America's westward push, Ragtown was little more than a seasonal tent city, born each spring and torn down each fall by enterprising men hoping to profit from the transcontinental wagon-train trade. California-bound emigrants, weary from their crossing of the dreaded Forty-Mile Desert, found their first water, grass, shade, and rest along the banks of the Carson River. Local lore says the townsite was named for the ragged clothing of those pioneers, washed in the river and hung to dry on every bush and tree around.
In 1855, travelers Jules Remey and Julius Brenchley reported the station consisted of "three huts, formed of poles covered with rotten canvas full of holes." It soon changed. Asa Kenyon, pioneer Churchill County settler, purchased the property the year before the Remey-Brenchley journal account. He farmed along the rich bottomlands of the Carson River and built the first permanent, wooden-framed structure that became his general store.
Kenyon and his family owned and operated the station along the Overland Road for many years. Ragtown remained an overland station after the Simpson route was surveyed and adopted in 1860. Dan DeQuille reported in his 1861 Washoe Rambles, "we were now heading for the ancient and well-known city of Ragtown.The whole town is owned by Mr. Asa Kenyon."
At one time there was a cemetery at Ragtown that held 200 graves. Hazards of the trail took many lives: cholera, fever, and exhaustion were among the most prominent ailments. The graves were marked by log chains, wagon tires, or whatever was at hand. All was lost in the flood of 1861–62 that obliterated everything in the area.
The Ragtown post office was established on May 14, 1864, and was active until May 29, 1867. It flourished again between 1884 and 1887. Kenyon served as postmaster.
An Order of Sale of Real Estate filed in Churchill County in July 1891 transferred the property at Ragtown from Catherine Kenyon, widow of Asa, to James Leete, who had come to Churchill County about 1882. With the change of ownership the property came to be known as Leeteville.
The Leetes ranched as well as operated the old stage station and trading post for many years. It was the only stopping place between the county seat, Stillwater, and the communities of Wadsworth or Virginia City, depending on the road westward. The Leeteville post office was established January 28, 1895, with Esther M. Leete serving as postmistress. Although the post office passed into antiquity on June 15, 1907, the district is still known by the name of Leeteville. The interchange of Highway 50 to Fernley and Highway 50A to Silver Springs and Carson City carries the name Leeteville Junction.
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Keratoderma with woolly hair – JUP, DSP, DSC2 and KANK2 genes
Keratoderma with woolly hair includes a group of related diseases that affect the skin and hair, manifesting signs and symptoms that overlap, and in many cases affected people are at greater risk of manifesting life-threatening heart problems. Affected people have unusually thick, dry, fine and well curly hair. In addition, hair is also scarce in some cases. The texture of woolly hair normally affects only the hair of the scalp and is present from birth. Other signs and symptoms include palmoplantar keratoderma and cardiomyopathy. Unlike the other characteristics of this disease, the signs and symptoms of cardiomyopathy may not appear until adolescence or later. Complications of cardiomyopathy may include arrhythmia, heart failure and sudden death.
Recently, this disease has been classified into four types, based on the underlying genetic cause. Type I, also known as Naxos disease, is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, and a form of cardiomyopathy called arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Type II, also known as Carvajal syndrome, manifest alterations in hair and skin similar to type I, but is related to a different form of cardiomyopathy, called dilated cardiomyopathy of the left ventricle. Type III also has signs and symptoms similar to those of type I, including ARVC, although hair and skin abnormalities are often milder. On the other hand, type IV is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly and thin hair, as well as abnormal nails. Unlike types I, II and III, type IV does not appear to cause cardiomyopathy.
This process is due to mutations in the JUP (junction plakoglobin), DSP (desmoplakin), DSC2 (desmocollin 2), and KANK2 (KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 2) genes. The JUP, DSP and DSC2 genes encode components of desmosomes, which are found in the membrane that surrounds certain cells, including skin and heart muscle cells. These structures contribute to cell adhesion, which provides resistance and stability to tissues. In addition, they play a role in other important cellular functions, including chemical signaling pathways, cell differentiation and apoptosis. For its part, the KANK2 gene, unlike the JUP, DSP and DSC2 genes, encodes a protein that regulates steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs), whose function is to help activate certain genes. SRC plays an important role in tissues throughout the body, including the skin.
The DSC2 gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q12.1), encodes the desmocolin-2 protein. This protein is found in many tissues, although it seems to be particularly important in the heart and skin muscle. Desmocolin-2 is an important component of desmosomes. Mutations identified in the DSC2 gene related to type III of this disease result in the synthesis of an abnormal desmocolin-2 protein that alters the structure of desmosomes, preventing cells from adhering to each other effectively. It is believed that poor connections between cells make the skin, hair and heart muscle more fragile. Over time, these tissues become damaged, which probably underlies the skin, hair and heart problems that occur in people with keratoderma with woolly hair type III. In addition, it is likely that abnormal cell signaling may also contribute to cardiomyopathy in people with this disease.
The DSP gene, located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p24.3), encodes the desmoplakin protein. This protein is found mainly in heart and skin cells, where it is an important component of desmosomes. Mutations identified in the DSP gene in people affected by type II of this process, lead to the synthesis of an abnormally short version of the desmoplakin protein. The abnormal protein alters the structure of desmosomes, which makes cell adhesion difficult. Poor connections between cells make the skin, hair and heart muscle more fragile, which underlies the skin, hair, and heart problems that occur in type II keratoderma with woolly hair. It is believed that abnormal cell signaling may also contribute to cardiomyopathy in affected people.
The JUP gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q21.2), encodes the plakoglobin protein. This protein is found mainly in the heart and skin cells, where it is part of the adherent junctions and desmosomes. Both structures provide resistance and stability to the tissues. In addition, plakoglobin also plays a role in signaling inside cells as part of the Wnt pathway. Wnt signaling controls the activity of certain genes and regulates interactions between cells. This signaling pathway is involved in many aspects of development, including the normal development of the heart, skin and hair. The mutations described result in the synthesis of an abnormally short version of the plakoglobin protein, which cannot interact properly with other desmosomal proteins, which alters the structure of desmosomes. As a consequence, the cells don’t adhere to each other effectively. These poor connections between the cells make the skin, hair and heart muscle more fragile. Over time these tissues become damaged, which causes skin, hair and heart problems that occur in people with woolly type I keratoderma. In addition, these mutations are likely to impair Wnt signaling, which it seems to cause heart muscle cells to be replaced with fat cells over time. This abnormal signaling can influence the development of ARVC in affected individuals.
The KANK2 gene, located on the short arm of chromosome 19 (19p13.2), encodes a protein called the SRC interaction protein (SIP). SIP regulates steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs), which play a critical role in the activation of certain genes. Inside the cells, SIP aggregates bind to SRC in the cytoplasm. With this, SIP prevents these proteins from entering the nucleus to activate genes. In this way, SIP helps control the activity of genes. SIP is found in many organs and tissues, including the skin and kidneys. However, little is known about its specific functions in various parts of the body. At least 1 mutation in the KANK2 gene has been identified in people with keratoderma with woolly hair type IV. The identified mutation replaces the amino acid alanine with the amino acid valine at position 670 in SIP (Ala670Val or A670V). It is believed that this mutation affects a region of SIP that is essential for its interaction with SRC, which ultimately causes changes in gene activity. However, it is not clear how this mutation affects hair and skin growth, or why its effects appear to be limited to these tissues.
Most cases of keratoderma with woolly hair are inherited with an autosomal recessive pattern, which means that both copies of the gene in each cell must have mutations for the alteration to be expressed. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disease have a copy of the mutated gene, but usually do not show signs and symptoms of the disease.
Tests performed in IVAMI: in IVAMI we perform the detection of mutations associated with keratoderma with woolly hair, by means of the complete PCR amplification of the exons of the JUP, DSP, DSC2 and KANK2 genes, and their subsequent sequencing.
Recommended samples: non-coagulated blood obtained with EDTA for separation of blood leukocytes, or a card with a dried blood sample (IVAMI can mail the card to deposit the blood sample).
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safer internet day 2019
Today is Safer Internet Day 2019 and if you are on twitter you'll find the has tag #SaferInternetDay trending. The idea behind this campaign is the promote a safer internet for all and has built-up some momentum. What caught my eye was the press release that focused on how younger people use the internet. What stood out to me was the third bullet point:
Figures show a mismatch between young people?s attitudes to online sharing, and their actions
So why did this catch my attention. Well, if you dig a little deeper you will see a paradox ...
... young people are using the internet as a safe space to understand and navigate topics they're nervous to ask about, with 67% saying it's easier to learn about them online. Encouragingly, the internet has helped almost half (46%) through a difficult time ... Young people have a strong sense of right and wrong online, with an overwhelming 84% believing everyone has a responsibility to respect others. However, in practice almost half (48%) admit their peers don't always think before they post. 36% of young people are sharing screenshots of other peoples' photos, comments or messages at least weekly. Half of young people (51%) think their friends should ask for permission before tagging them or sharing a photo or video of them, while 37% think their parents should ask. Furthermore, 27% are likely to read a friend's messages without their permission. Young people are also not asking permission before posting, despite 81% knowing when and how to ask. Consequently, in the last year over half of young people (52%) said someone they know shared a photo or video of them without asking.
The inst-generation (Generation Z aged between 3-23) have a black and white view of the world and use social media to make their voices heard. However, there are contradictions to their behaviour; they see the internet as a safe place, but willing breach each others privacy. Don't get me wrong, there are many they do not and it is not restricted to Gen-Z as I know plenty of Gen-X that abuse social media and use the internet to do the most ridiculous things!
So what is the answer .... I my humble opinion, it is education as most people that use the internet have no idea of the technology that they are using. In fact there is a questionnaire I would encourage you to do, as a first step to understanding the general principles of privacy and how to treat others with respect.
This is so important in part of how childcare providers can help! If you would like any information we would of course be delighted to help out, although we've seen some great examples from some of our clubs, like Stony BizKids [link to twitter] who ran a Internet Safety poster competition for their children, with some really excellent posters!
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TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
Medicine in the east has been developed very differently than in the west. It can be traced back more than 4000 years and is closely linked with nature and philosophy.
For example the 5 elements all relate to many things in life - the seasons, emotions, foods etc. You can see how the ancient doctors came to realise our innate connections with nature.
The 5 elements and their relationships
The energy of life - chi - is what determines our physical and mental health. Chinese medicine aims to harmonise the balance of energy and bring about good health.
Yin/Yang are the opposites of energy that represent harmony.
Among the conditions commonly treated are:
Back Pain and Sports Injuries
Headache and Migraine
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (cfs)
A longer list is here, as all ailments are treated.
Please call/email for more information.
Diagnosis is done through the pulse and tongue. This can reveal much about your current and past health. The mark of a good acupuncturist is having the pulse taken. So-called ‘medical acupuncture’ typically done by GP’s or western doctors do not do this, and it is inferior to proper Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
The Way to Health
I use integrative methods combining diet and supplements (such as pro/pre-biotics) to strengthen the body when there is no illness, and harmonise energy to clear disease. Health in the west is suffering as little attention is paid to the body all the time we are healthy (though this is improving!). Chinese medicine emphasises disease prevention - this is why many Chinese will have regular treatments while they are healthy - to keep the body and immune system strong.
The most well-known aspect of Chinese medicine is stimulating specific points on the body.
There are over 400 acupuncture points where the body’s vital energy - Chi - meets and can be affected. When blockages or slow flow of this energy is cleared, then harmony is attained and health is improved.
The existence of these points has been scientifically proven as acupuncture points have a higher electrical resistance than other areas of the skin
There are 12 channels (plus 8 extra channels) called meridians along which the energy flows. They each relate to the internal organ they pass through.
How it Works
Acupuncture in a western sense works by stimulating the flow of blood, oxygen and nutrients.
It clears blood stagnation which is a main factor in pain and normal function of the body.
It stimulates the nervous system, releasing natural painkilling hormones.
Treatment improves the health of the organs and therefore the whole body. It stimulates the body’s ability to heal itself, without toxins and without side-effects.
What to Expect
The needles I use are extremely thin - like a human hair (1/4 mm) and are painless! They are nothing like what you may be used to in hospital. I use the best quality Chinese needles (Hwato) and are used once and thrown.
In clinic, I commonly use acupuncture for pain, injury, arthritic conditions and so on. It can show a quicker benefit than herbal medicine and can often be used with herbs. Many problems like insomnia and stress can be helped with ear needles.
Acupuncture in Pregnancy
There are a few points and moxibustion that work wonders in an overdue pregnancy (after the 40th week.). These are mostly on the feet and one by the thumb.
I have also helped many mothers where the baby is not in the correct position (breech birth) - even at a late stage where the midwife was adamant the baby could not turn round!
Cupping is a suction treatment on the body, similar to having an intense massage in a very localised area on the body.
Cups are placed on muscular areas and through vacuum, sucks the skin. Traditionally, bamboo cups were left on until bruising occurs. But I do something different - leaving glass cups on for a short time and repeating. This has the same effect but without leaving obvious bruise marks!
The treatment releases tension in the muscles, clears toxins in the blood and unblocks and increases the circulation of the blood. In TCM theory it clears stagnation of chi and invigorates associated organs.
Muscle tension in the shoulders through stress or long periods typing can be relieved. With our more sedentary lifestyle, these days, for example, sitting at the desk can cause lower leg problems like stabbing pains and sensitive muscles. Clearing the stagnation and promoting circulation of blood is helpful for these symptoms.
Similarly, it is excellent in sports recovery and aching muscles. I regularly treat Rugby players with cupping. Michael Phelps and the US & Russian swimming teams are big fans.
Cupping has long been used in the East and was also was developed in the West through very different philosophies but for similar purposes. Another use in the West was to clear symptoms of flu or a chest infection by placing cups on the back over the tips of the lungs.
Ear Seed Plasters
Ear acupuncture is a very useful tool for many common problems. It is a condensed version of body acupuncture, with over 100 points on the ear representing all parts of the body. Theoretically, every ailment can be treated with just the ear!
Commonly, I use about 5 different points on each ear for:
General pain relief
Headache / Migraine
Lose weight / Gain weight therapy
A few needles are left in place, then replaced with a tiny seed (or magnetised ball) and covered with tape so that the stimulation on that point continues.
Auriculotherapy requires specialised TCM training and I received this qualification from Beijing, China.
Moxibustion is a traditional heat treatment with some amazing abilities. Moxa is actually a leaf from the mugwort plant, prepared and dried. When burnt, the heat and more importantly the nature property of the herb treats ‘cold’ stagnation of blood and chi. This means it is great for arthritic conditions, stiffness, aches and pain, poor circulation and bruising.
I use 2 methods: pure moxa is rolled into a cone, burnt over an acupuncture point and removed when heat is felt. This is to clear stagnation of energy in that meridian, strengthening and stimulating the organ.
Another way is to use a moxa stick. This is like a large cigar packed with rolled moxa leaves. The stick is lit and held near the skin, warming the problem area.
Moxibustion is especially effective for breech birth in late pregnancy (up to 38 weeks). Combining with acupuncture I have successfully treated this many times, as well as when the baby is overdue - certain points will induce contractions.
(3) Electrical Resistance of Acupuncture Points - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838801/
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ReseñaLinguistic Anthropology: A Reader is a comprehensive collection of the best work that has been published in this exciting and growing area of anthropology, and is organized to provide a guide to key issues in the study of language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice.
Revised and updated, this second edition contains eight new articles on key subjects, including speech communities, the power and performance of language, and narratives
Selections are both historically oriented and thematically coherent, and are accessibly grouped according to four major themes: speech community and communicative competence; the performance of language; language socialization and literacy practices; and the power of language
An extensive introduction provides an original perspective on the development of the field and highlights its most compelling issues
Each section includes a brief introductory statement, sets of guiding questions, and list of recommended readings on the main topics
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Python Pete is not a snake's best friend
The puppy is learning to sniff out the abandoned and fruitful pet serpents that enjoy the Everglades.
Published March 20, 2005
EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK - Visitors to the Everglades expect or even hope to encounter some scary swamp creatures.
But a 20-foot snake draped across a two-lane road?
That's a postcard moment wildlife officials want to erase.
The Burmese pythons increasingly seen by tourists are not native to the Everglades. But the Asian reptiles are multiplying in troubling numbers, competing with native, endangered species for food and crossing the paths of startled tourists.
But now help is on the way, in a beagle puppy named Python Pete, who's being trained to sniff out the creatures so they can be captured and killed.
In a recent training session, wildlife biologist Skip Snow dragged a 6-foot python in a mesh bag in a twisting path through tall grass to lay down a scent.
Pete plunged after the trail, intent on his reward: a treat and a tug at his favorite toy, a small stuffed animal.
"He just loves doing it. It's a big game for him," said caretaker and wildlife technician Lori Oberhofer.
Oberhofer sought out a beagle to become her daily sidekick at Everglades National Park after working on a research project in Guam, where U.S. Agriculture Department officials use the breed to find invasive brown tree snakes in airport cargo. Customs officials also take advantage of the dog's sensitive snout to track down harmful pests, fruits and vegetables at airports.
Like his counterparts at airports, Pete already can tell the difference between bananas, socks and snakes. Oberhofer tests him by hiding those objects in plastic containers and asking the puppy to pick out the python. Only one answer will net him a treat and a toy session.
To make sure Pete does not become a snack for a big snake or alligator, Oberhofer keeps him on a short leash during training and says he will never roam free in the wilderness.
Burmese pythons are not poisonous. But their size makes them a threatening presence in the Everglades, where they have no predators. Tourists have seen the reptiles attacked by large alligators only to escape.
"They do have a nasty bite and they clearly do have the tools to injure if not kill someone," Snow said. He added that the larger reptiles seen stretched across roads could cause a traffic accident. Some tourists have gotten out of their cars to move what they thought was a large branch from the road, only to be alarmed when a huge snake slithered away.
The size of the Burmese python is one reason wildlife officials think pet owners dump them in South Florida's vast swamplands.
The snakes are a popular pet, especially as hatchlings that can curl harmlessly around an owner's wrist.
But when they grow to 20 feet or more with jaws that can overtake a basketball, Burmese pythons become challenging to house and feed. More than 50 were removed from the park from the mid 1990s to 2003.
That number jumped to 61 in 2004. And in January, park officials took out 15 Burmese Pythons, the equivalent of a snake every other day.
A skinny, 2-foot python curled around Oberhofer's arm on a recent morning reveals why the numbers are multiplying.
The snake was recently discovered as a hatchling, proving that the species is breeding. Necropsies on captured snakes show they also are thriving on a diet of rabbits, rats and squirrels, as well as the storks and other birds.
The smaller eastern indigo snake, which is listed as a threatened species, depends on that same food supply in the Everglades.
While other nonnative creatures threaten to displace native species, wildlife officials want to focus on the Burmese pythons because their numbers still are small enough that they might be eradicated.
Park officials also are aiming a new educational campaign at pet stores and importers with the slogan "Don't let it loose."
"We want pet owners to realize if they take on the responsibility of a pet, they should keep that pet for life," Snow said. He encouraged those who cannot keep a pet to find someone to adopt it or return it to the store.
At the park, visitors who spot a Burmese python can call a "python hotline" to describe where they saw it. From there, Pete will pick up the trail.
[Last modified March 20, 2005, 01:06:08]
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