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New electric cars must have audible warning system for pedestrians
All new EVs, hybrids and PHEVs must emit warning sounds below 12mph to alert pedestrians of their presence
All new electric cars, hybrids and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) must now be fitted with an Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS), which will activate at 12mph and below, emitting warning sounds to alert pedestrians and other road users of the vehicles' presence.
While it will be up to manufacturers to decide what specific form of noise their AVAS units emit, their sounds must be within a certain frequency range.
The sounds should also "be easily indicative of vehicle behaviour", with a "frequency shift" intended to indicate whether the car is accelerating or slowing. The systems should also "sound similar to the sound of a vehicle of the same category equipped with an internal combustion engine."
AVASs can emit between 56 and 75 decibels, depending on the car's power-to-weight ratio; 75 decibels is roughly akin to the loudness of a car with an internal combustion engine travelling at 65mph, heard from 25 feet away. Drivers will be allowed to deactivate AVAS systems "if judged necessary".
The AVAS rules apply to all new cars made from 1 July 2019, and all new electric and hybrid cars registered from July 2021.
The UK's adoption of EU rules on AVAS signifies, the Department for Transport says, that the government has "cemented its position as a global leader in the transition to zero emission transport". The DFT's roads minister, Michael Ellis, said the system would "give pedestrians added confidence when crossing the road."
Do you like the idea of electric cars making noise to improve safety? Have your say in the comments below... | <urn:uuid:1878d8e4-cd95-40b6-9773-67d784a084f6> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/car-news/107077/new-electric-cars-must-have-audible-warning-system-for-pedestrians | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655919952.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711001811-20200711031811-00517.warc.gz | en | 0.943585 | 362 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Charter Oak Health Center sits in Hartford's Frog Hollow neighborhood, one of the poorest in the city. In an area where the median household income hovers around $17,000, Lorraine Reardon sees health issues -- obesity, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol -- that are connected, at least partially, to poor diet.
Reardon started working at the center as a dietitian in 2002. She focused on people who were HIV-positive, or people with AIDS, but health center doctors began referring patients to her regardless of their diagnosis.
"A lot of people are trying to make ends meet with $200 a month," Reardon said.
So they buy mass quantities of processed foods with unpronounceable ingredients on the labels. The results of such a poor diet are fairly predictable. A recent study from Brookings Institution says that rich people live significantly longer than poor people, particularly poor women.
In short, money buys the rich a longer life.
The study says the life expectancy of a U.S. woman living in poverty is actually shrinking. The most affluent 10 percent of women have seen their life expectancy increase by a little more than three years. At the other end of the economic spectrum -- the poorest 10 percent -- the life expectancy of women has shrunk by a little more than two years. For the first time ever, parents can't expect their children to live longer than they did, and the findings are borne out in multiple other studies.
The public policy implications for this disparity are astounding. If the rich are living longer than the poor, it isn't fair to ask the poor to "bear the main burden of an aging society," says the Brookings study.
Raising the retirement age means postponing benefits for the people who need them most. And letting jobless benefits lapse (as Congress has done recently) and cutting the food stamp programs (they did that, too) don't help an already beleaguered population. If Congress wants to continue this culling of the herd, they can simply continue to do what they do.
It makes a sad kind of sense, doesn't it? The ultimate measure of well-being -- life expectancy -- would be shorter for people without access to good health care, and with limited resources to pursue a healthier lifestyle. For example, in the short-term, as Reardon sees among her clients, eating healthy costs more -- about $1.50 a day more per person, according to a Harvard School of Public Health study. Long-term, of course, eating healthy is far less expensive in health costs, but when you're scraping together money for this month's rent and tonight's dinner, long-term doesn't register.
The relationship between poverty and obesity is "complicated," according to the Food Research and Action Center, but studies consistently show that the risk of obesity is greater among women and children (particularly Caucasian ones) living in low-income households.
In Connecticut, according to the National Women's Law Center, 32 percent of female-headed families live in poverty. Reardon sees clients who eat sugary, fatty foods because that's cheap. "Processed foods are simply low in nutrition value, high in fat, salt and sugars with chemical preservatives and additives -- in other words, a recipe for a health disaster," she said. Sometimes, she is able to convince clients to eat healthy only when their children are -- as they inevitably will be -- affected by a poor diet.
"Adults sometimes don't get serious until a health challenge occurs, or if their children are dealing with, say, an obesity issue," Reardon said. "Parents will be concerned for their children."
Foodshare visits the center on Mondays, and then Reardon offers dietary classes on Wednesdays to teach clients how to prepare certain fresh produce. Simply distributing recipes in a handout is not enough.
"We're dealing with a lower literacy rate, so it's not like you can hand people pamphlets and figure you're done," said Reardon.
Susan Campbell is a former columnist at the Hartford Courant and is now communications/development director at Partnership for Strong Communities, a Hartford-based nonprofit. She can be reached at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:3e2360b6-058a-4b70-a810-b11b31c35af6> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.newstimes.com/health/article/Life-spans-shorter-among-poor-5480875.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657124236.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011204-00022-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970821 | 864 | 2.71875 | 3 |
The Hygiene Hypothesis: Too Clean for Our Own Good?
The tiny eggs of pig whipworms may be key in slowing down Type 1 diabetes, and preventing it altogether in children at risk of the disease.
At 16, Karin Hehenberger was a rising star on the international tennis circuit. Playing for the Swedish National team, she was competing, in her own words, “almost professionally.” Then Type 1 diabetes came calling, derailing her tennis career and changing the course of her life. Today, armed with both Ph.D. and M.D. degrees, a new kidney from her father and a transplanted pancreas, she is diabetes-free. Dr. Hehenberger is also determined to help others either cope with or avoid what she could not- the unexplained onset and destructive power of autoimmune diseases.
Dr. Hehenberger is Chief Medical Officer of a Massachusetts-based company called Coronado Biosciences (www.coronadobiosciences.com). Coronado’s senior management team looks like it should be attached to a much bigger company. Its recently appointed CEO, Dr. Harlan Weisman, was Chief Science and Technology Officer for Medical Devices and Diagnostics at drug behemoth Johnson and Johnson until late in 2012. The company’s science, along with the therapeutic products it has in development, are built around a logical extension of a relatively recent theory known as the Hygiene Hypothesis.
Originally put forward by Dr. David Strachan in the British Medical Journal in 1989, the hygiene hypothesis observed that hay fever and eczema, both autoimmune conditions, were less common in children from large families. Presumably, this happened—or didn’t happen—because children from large families had been exposed to more infectious agents through their siblings, unlike those without siblings. Transported from its allergic roots, the hygiene hypothesis has since been used by Dr. Joel Weinstock, of Tufts University, to explain a rising tide of autoimmune conditions ranging from Crohn’s disease to multiple sclerosis to Type 1 diabetes, in both developed and rapidly developing countries. Not surprisingly, Dr. Weinstock is a member of Coronado’s Scientific Advisory Board.
Worms to the Rescue
Here’s the theory in a nutshell: Obsessed with cleanliness and hygiene, developed parts of the world have done such a good job of purifying water; pasteurizing milk; inoculating against smallpox, measles, mumps and other infectious diseases; and generally promoting germ-free environments, that our immune systems are left with little to do, and forget or stop doing what centuries of evolution had taught them. So they turn on us, destroying healthy cells and promoting autoimmune conditions like diabetes and multiple sclerosis. In addition, lack of exposure to parasites and resulting vulnerability to autoimmune diseases may be passed on to our children while they are in the womb. This might explain why diagnoses of Type 1 diabetes, for example, have increased significantly in very young children over the past 30 years.
The solution: re-expose our bodies to parasitic pathogens in measured doses, to “reset” our immune systems, and get them to do what they should be doing, which is killing foreign parasites. The principle is similar to that of inoculation, whose preventive effects are well known.
Coronado’s efforts focus on using TSO, an acronym for Trichuris suis ova, or the eggs of a pig whipworm, to retrain the body’s defense mechanisms. TSO is tiny, observable using only high magnification. Retrieved from pig stools and sanitized, they can be distilled into a saline solution that trial subjects drink. The liquid is both odorless and tasteless.
TSO is a promising therapy because they never enter the bloodstream, cannot multiply in human subjects, and are digested and discarded after a few weeks.
The worms appear to have three major impacts on the immune system. They cause changes that activate regulatory T-cells, which reduces immune response, and they seem to prevent activation of “effector” T-cells that, left unchecked, will destroy healthy cells they see as foreign. They also seem to reestablish the normal microbiome in the stomach which help maintain intestinal health. With the permission of both the FDA and European Medicines Agency, Coronado is studying TSO as a potential treatment for various autoimmune conditions.
So far, early trials have shown positive responses in patients with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis. The next planned round of trials will continue to test TSO therapy on these diseases, as well as psoriasis and autism, while trials in subjects either recently diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes or at risk of developing Type 1 should begin later this year in two U.S. locations and one overseas.
Prolonging the “Honeymoon Period”
People at risk of developing Type 1 diabetes can be reliably identified by blood tests showing the presence of specific auto-antibodies. Screening is primarily focused on children and adolescents, particularly those whose parents or siblings have the disease, and is being done right now in programs under the guidance of TrialNet (www.diabetestrialnet.org). Presence of only one auto-antibody does not guarantee that a child will eventually become a Type 1, but there are mathematical formulas for assessing an individuals risk.for becoming Type 1 since there are more auto-antibodies in the serum as blood sugar starts to increase. The way Coronado and other companies are planning to measure the effect of any therapy, including TSO, is to monitor the subjects over a long period, while also working to identify so-called surrogate markers, which may help to speed up the timeline for regulatory approval..
The effects of TSO therapy in recently diagnosed Type 1s will be somewhat more straight forward to measure. Many people with Type 1 diabetes go through a “honeymoon period,” in which beta cells that have survived the first onslaught of the immune system continue to produce insulin. Introducing a therapy like a bi-weekly drink of TSO-laden saline solution might prolong the honeymoon, and create a more stable metabolic situation. The hoped-for result would be reducing the amount of external insulin needed, potentially delaying full dependence on injections for years, and perhaps preventing some of the late-stage complications often associated with long-standing diabetes. In a very optimistic scenario, the TSO solution might even preserve some beta cells long enough for an artificial pancreas or a biological cure to become a reality.
Assuming it is shown to be effective over the next several years of trials, the only drawback to TSO therapy is that no one knows what might happen if or when patients stop their bi-weekly doses. In that sense, a cynic might observe that all we are doing is substituting one therapy for another. True enough, but for Type 1 patients, even the sharpest needles and the most minimal discomfort from injected insulin are very far away from living with a normal pancreas. Karin Hehenberger has seen both sides, and we know which one she prefers. | <urn:uuid:68985466-b598-4b75-adc0-7a69ed4bf2f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://insulinnation.com/treatment/cure-insight/the-hygiene-hypothesis-too-clean-for-our-own-good-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320545.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625170634-20170625190634-00143.warc.gz | en | 0.949959 | 1,481 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Goals and objectives of B.A. English
About the Department
The department of English believes in rendering quality education along with the moral values to the students. It emphasizes on basic understanding of English language and hence encourages students coming from vernacular medium to develop and improve their English language. Various assignments, projects and activities given here sharpen their speaking, writing and communication skills allowing them to articulate their thoughts and ideas in spoken and written form.
The department offers mixture of literature and language. The literary genres and theories included here not only develop their critical thinking but also help students to explore any literary piece of work with broader perspectives. They understand social, political, historical, cultural impact on writers and their work. The department has also introduced a paper on Indian Writing in English which familiarize students with some prominent Indian writers and their works.
As we aim at building language competency, we offer electives like phonetics and translation that give a better understanding of aspects of the language. Regular sessions in the well-equipped language lab helps students to practice and improve their language.
The objectives of teaching English Language to the students are to equip them to use language in an efficient and effective manner. The idea is to empower an average student in such a way that learning English becomes a pleasurable endeavor. It is with this aim in mind that the new topics and text books have been chosen for English Language Program. The focus of the new text books is two-fold: to teach finer nuances of language, Linguistics, Phonetics and Phonology through an integrated approach;and to teach composition through activity-based, not rule-based approach. For this reason, we have consciously chosen topics and text books that de-emphasize literature and re-set our focus on the study of language.
- An improved intellectual flexibility along with an added understanding of human values.
- Remarkable interpreting skills with the understanding of the various literary forms, theories, methods and culture.
- Proficiency in the use of English language while making their base of literature stronger.
- Polished analytical skill that will make provisions for the students for their research and professional environment.
Upon completion of the prescribed program of study in Communication Skills, the students should be able to:
- To help students understand the process and cycle of communication with the understanding of the NOISE (Communicative Hindrances.
- It is also desirable for the students that they can differentiate to understand general and technical communication so as to make use of language in wider perspective through different levels of communication.
- To develop the ability of the learners to locate main ideas and supporting ideas in a listening excerpt.
- To enable them to understand different accents of English
- To develop the sub-skills of listening
- To Enrich their thinking power by literature of English.
Scope of Program
The committed and curious faculty members of English department expect their students to replicate the same qualities with an open mind to explore and enjoy new theories, ideas and concepts.
The students with these qualities open doors of opportunities for themselves. The papers that we offer here enhance their speaking and writing skills which help them to express themselves better. Having strong and clear background of literature and base of the language, the graduates have various fields to go for after getting the degree. After their master’s degree, students can practice profession of teaching, journalism, public relations, content writing, hotel management, fashion designing, social work etc. English graduates can opt for administrative jobs in civil and defense service too. They can also opt for some newly emerging jobs like a translator /transcription or editor as their learning here will make them competent with language. The field of art and drama is where these students can contribute remarkably as they have proper background and understanding of its theories and have studied some of the classic plays.
Along with this, the constant guidance of the teachers will help them shaping their career and future.
Dr Shivangi Oza
Ph.D (English Literature)
Dr. Jay Ranpura
Ph.D (English Literature)
Mr. Nishant Dave
MA (English Literature), B.Ed Exp. Ph.D (pursuing)
Mr. Hardik Joshi
MA (English Literature), Ph.D (pursuing)
Mr. Nilesh Helaiya
Ms. Jayana Gajjar
MA (English Literature) SLET
Mr. Ashok Khuman
MA (English Literature), SLET
Academic Expansion from 1988 Onwards.
[cool-timeline layout=”horizontal” show-posts=”10″ order=”DSC” category=”schools”] | <urn:uuid:1f1bad9b-2d7d-4572-9e32-faa11513209a> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://newsite.atmiyauni.ac.in/humanities-and-sciences/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511002.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002164819-20231002194819-00286.warc.gz | en | 0.939376 | 1,030 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Iowa Past to Present Online Teacher's Guide
Browse the links on this page or select a chapter from the list below for related content and classroom resources.
Chapter 1: The Changing Land
The history of Iowa is more than just the story of the people who have lived here. It is also the story of the land itself. We do not often think of the land as changing much, because in the lifetime of one person, changes are too small to notice. Yet over thousands of years, small changes can make a big difference.Explore the resources on this page to find out more about ideas in the chapter:
- Pathways: Find related articles and make connections with other ideas in Iowa history.
- Artifacts: View related images, videos and more.
- Side Trails: Explore more on this topic on other websites.
Classroom Resources and Lesson Plans
- Iowa Past to Present Teacher Guide: Chapter 1
- Popular Topics in Iowa Geology and Geologic History, Iowa Geological & Water Survey, Iowa Department of Natural Resources
- Introduction to Exploring the Prairie, Camp Silos, Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area
- The Land and The Built Environment, Prairie Voices Curriculum Guide, State Historical Society of Iowa
- Iowa Pathways Quest and Challenges
The Iowa Pathways Quest and Challenges are a collection of tasks that support students as they make and interpret connections among the people, places, events, and ideas of Iowa. Worksheets that model the thinking and research process are provided, as well as rubrics to aid you and your students.
Iowa Past to Present Chapter Listing
This online teachers guide was developed as a companion to the textbook Iowa Past to Present: The People and the Prairie (Revised 3rd Ed.); written by Dorothy Schwieder, Thomas Morain, and Lynn Nielsen; published by University of Iowa Press. Select a chapter from the list below to find related content and classroom resources.
- Chapter 1: The Changing Land
- Chapter 2: American Indians, The Earliest People in Iowa
- Chapter 3: Many Flags over Iowa
- Chapter 4: Pioneers on the Prairie
- Chapter 5: Pioneer Life on the Prairie
- Chapter 6: Rivers, Trails, and Train Tracks, Transportation in the 1800s
- Chapter 7: A Nation Divided
- Chapter 8: Settlers from Many Lands
- Chapter 9: Providing a Government
- Chapter 10: Schools for a New State
- Chapter 11: Keeping Faith on the Frontier
- Chapter 12: Experiments in Community Living
- Chapter 13: Life on the Farm—Iowa Style
- Chapter 14: New Inventions Bring Change
- Chapter 15: Business and Industry in Iowa
- Chapter 16: Word War I and Hard Times After
- Chapter 17: Depression, Changing Times, and World War II
- Chapter 18: A Time of Many Changes
- Chapter 19: Iowa in the World | <urn:uuid:e286b4dd-2187-4afe-a027-a4d34eeb8001> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000361 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1404776416489.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20140707234016-00072-ip-10-180-212-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891353 | 604 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Industrial pollution may seem like a modern phenomenon, but in fact, an international team of researchers may have discovered what could be the world's first polluted river, contaminated approximately 7,000 years ago.
In this now-dry riverbed in the Wadi Faynan region of southern Jordan, Professor Russell Adams, from the Department of Anthropology at the University of Waterloo, and his colleagues found evidence of early pollution caused by the combustion of copper. Neolithic humans here may have been in the early stages of developing metallurgy by learning how to smelt.
The research findings, published in Science of the Total Environment, shed light on a turning point in history, when humans began moving from making tools out of stones to making tools out of metal. This period, known as the Chalcolithic or Copper Age, is a transitional period between the late Neolithic or Stone Age and the beginning of the Bronze Age.
"These populations were experimenting with fire, experimenting with pottery and experimenting with copper ores, and all three of these components are part of the early production of copper metals from ores," said Adams. "The technological innovation and the spread of the adoption and use of metals in society mark the beginning of the modern world."
People created copper at this time by combining charcoal and the blue-green copper ore found in abundance in this area in pottery crucibles or vessels and heating the mixture over a fire. The process was time-consuming and labour-intensive and, for this reason, it took thousands of years before copper became a central part of human societies.
Many of the objects created in the earliest phase of copper production were primarily symbolic and fulfilled a social function within society. Attaining rare and exotic items was a way in which individuals attained prestige.
As time passed, communities in the region grew larger and copper production expanded. People built mines, then large smelting furnaces and factories by about 2600 BC.
"This region is home to the world's first industrial revolution," said Adams. "This really was the centre of innovative technology."
But people paid a heavy price for the increased metal production. Slag, the waste product of smelting, remained. It contained metals such as copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, and even arsenic, mercury and thalium. Plants absorbed these metals, people and animals such as goats and sheep ate them, and so the contaminants bioaccumulated in the environment.
Adams believes the pollution from thousands of years of copper mining and production must have led to widespread health problems in ancient populations. Infertility, malformations and premature death would have been some of the effects. Researchers have found high levels of copper and lead in human bones dating back to the Roman period.
Adams and his international team of researchers are now trying to expand the analysis of the effects of this pollution to the Bronze Age, which began around 3200 BC. The Faynan region has a long history of human occupation, and the team is examining the extent and spread of this pollution at the time when metals and their industrial scale production became central to human societies. | <urn:uuid:afb77001-f58b-4809-a392-da38c2920ba0> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-12/uow-rmh120216.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825264.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022132026-20171022152026-00332.warc.gz | en | 0.963066 | 633 | 3.953125 | 4 |
With thanks: Yoel
Nineteenth century Morocco was a volatile country, and the Jews were often on the receiving end of violence from warring armies and tribes. European travellers have testified to their miserable and degraded existence. Now the estimable blogger Elder of Ziyon has discovered evidence of a forgotten pogrom against the Jews of Tetuan in 1860.
"In 1790, a pogrom happened, started by Sultan Yazid. The mellah was pillaged and many women raped. The Jews lived in a mellah, which is located inside the old medina.
I cannot find any account that corresponds to the horrors narrated in this article in The Occident, Thursday, April 05, 1860.
On February 6, 1860, Spanish soldiers who were then fighting in Morocco entered Tétouan, a town very close to the Straits of Gibraltar. Apparently the Sultan's soldiers got wind of an impending surrender and took the opportunity to attack the Jews of the city - stealing and breaking anything of value and raping the women, as happened 70 years earlier."
Here is an extract from a report by the Honorary Consul, Mr Nahon:
"In the night between Saturday and Sunday, the Moroccan soldiers and the Arabs entered the Jews' quarters, plundered all that was composed of gold and silver, broke every article of pottery and glass, burnt all that they could not carry away, destroyed the Sepharim and committed all sorts of horrors upon the women and children. On entering the city, the Spaniards found the women almost naked and half dead."
Read post in full | <urn:uuid:af44a063-fca1-414a-8b69-9d2594b4cc7a> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://jewishrefugees.blogspot.com/2019/11/a-forgotten-pogrom-agains-jews-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655900614.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709162634-20200709192634-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.97207 | 327 | 2.546875 | 3 |
For most of the last decade, Coloradans have been talking about how to make good use of their mountain forests, dying and gray. Something is finally happening.
In Gypsum, 140 miles west of Denver, a biomass mill began operations in December, burning wood to create 10 megawatts of round-the-clock electricity.
In Colorado Springs, the city utility began mixing biomass with coal in January to produce 4.5 megawatts of power.
In Pagosa Springs, a 5-megawatt biomass plant may be launched next year, producing one-sixth of the baseload demand in Archuleta County.
And at Xcel Energy’s headquarters in Denver, environmental officials are sorting through proposals for a 2-megawatt biomass demonstration plant. The utility wants to understand the technology, the problems and promises.
This isn’t much electricity compared to the 1,426 megawatts generated by the Comanche coal-fired complex at Pueblo and the 1,139 megawatts at Craig. But biomass plants can and should be part of the electrical mix. In providing a market for woody material, they can make forests less vulnerable to fires like the ones that have killed nine people and destroyed 1,164 homes along the Front Range over the last two years.
Biomass also displaces burning of fossil fuels, reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. That’s worth something, maybe a lot to Glenwood Springs-based Holy Cross Energy, which is paying extra for the electricity produced at Gypsum to help reduce its carbon footprint. It expects to be at 23 percent renewables later this year.
Colorado environmental groups, however, are skeptical that biomass plants will actually lower carbon dioxide emissions. “We’re saying we want to see the analysis of greenhouse gas impacts,” says Gwen Farnsworth of Western Resource Advocates.
Biomass clearly can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by displacing fossil fuels, says Keith Paustian, a professor of soil ecology at Colorado State University. “There are questions as to what degree you do that, and obviously, you want as low a carbon footprint as possible,” he says.
Paustian hopes a more detailed accounting of carbon impacts will be a byproduct of the $10 million research project he is leading. The project, the Bioenergy Alliance Network of the Rockies, seeks to examine the potential for conversion of the 22 million acres of beetle-impacted wood in the Rocky Mountains into bioenergy.
An even broader fear among some environmental groups is that public lands will be managed to feed the hunger of biomass plants, instead of the bieomass plants being a useful tool for curbing fire risk. “We don’t want the tail wagging the dog,” says Sloan Shoemaker, director of the Carbondale-based Wilderness Workshop.
If Eagle Valley Clean Energy, developer of the plant at Gypsum, sticks to its projections, that won’t be a problem. It insists that at least 30 percent of wood will come from landfills, another 20 percent or more from private lands, and a minimum of 40 percent from state or federal lands.
The plant is designed to operate for 30 to 40 years, long after forests now gray have become green once again.
Stewardship contracts are one mechanism for delivering wood from federal lands to biomass plants. Authorized by Congress in 1998 as an alternative to timber sales, they allow for a more nuanced management of national forests than timber sales allowed.
For example, a stewardship contract across the White River National Forest calls for the agency to pay a contractor, Western Range Resources, $1,500 per acre for 1,000 acres per year for wood removal. Much of that wood will end up at the biomass plant in Gypsum.
Through this program, the Forest Service hopes to also get aspen forests on the periphery of the Flat Tops cut, to allow for more wildlife habitat but also to reduce wildfire threat in Summit County, near Breckenridge and also near Green Mountain Reservoir.
“There’s a lot of doghair in Summit County,” says Jan Cutler, silviculturist on the White River National Forest, referring to dense forests of small trees. “And a lot of standing and falling dead trees are rotted out at this point. They have no merchantable value as far as saw timbers.”
The partnership between Denver Water and the Forest Service is another model for reducing fire risk while producing wood for biomass plants. In that partnership, each agency chipped in $16.5 million to address dead and falling trees on 6,000 acres upstream of Dillon Reservoir, one of metro Denver’s primary water sources.
Cutler says fuels removal for biomass and other purposes altogether will probably occur on just 10 percent of the 2.2 million acres of the White River National Forest, which extends from Breckenridge to Meeker and Carbondale.
Fire risk is not totally eliminated. The right combination of climatic conditions in the higher, subalpine forests will someday yield a fire comparable to the one that burned 1.2 million acres in and near Yellowstone National Park in 1988, says Tony Cheng, director of the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute.
But land managers do hope to provide firefighters safe zones from which to fight major fires. Taking the slash piles after thinning operations or removing the debris to produce slash creates an added benefit, says Cheng.
At Pagosa Springs, fire was frequent prior to about 1900. Growing seasons there are longer, the climate more moist, and soils rich, all of this conspiring to produce bounteous forests of ponderosa pine and now, because of fire suppression, white fir. Houses now sprinkle the private lands along and sometimes on in-holdings within the national forest, a combustible mix.
In creating the stewardship contract on the San Juan National Forest, foresters identified forest types within a 50-mile radius of Pagosa they wanted treated, then stripped out wilderness and roadless areas. That left 140,000 acres for the stewardship contract.
The buyer, local entrepreneur J.R. Ford, can harvest wood from 1,500 acres per year. He is required to pay the U.S. government for trees greater than 10 inches in diameter. He will mill these logs at a sawmill beginning in April, shipping the blocks of wood to a sawmill elsewhere for refined sawing. For trees of less than 10 inches in diameter, the government will pay Ford. He can leave no slash piles of trimmings behind.
In addition, Ford will draw upon another 300 to 400 acres of private land. This will provide 50,000 tons of wood chips for the biomass plant he hopes will go online next year.
Steve Hartvigsen, supervisory forester for the Pagosa Ranger District, says the stewardship contract will yield no permanent roads. “That may mean temporary timbering roads, but they must be rehabbed,” he says of the rehabilitation process.
The San Juan Citizens Alliance, a grassroots environmental group, has endorsed Ford’s biomass plans. “That scaling is what made us comfortable. It wasn’t a 20-megawatt deal,” says Jimbo Buickerood, the group’s public lands coordinator. That smaller plant results in shorter distances for trucks to haul wood. Experts say biomass must commonly draw wood from within 50 miles, to contain deal-killing truck-hauling costs.
Whether Ford goes ahead with the biomass plant depends partly upon how much Durango-based La Plata Electric will pay for the electricity. Ford says he needs 15 to 20 percent more than what the La Plata and other electrical cooperatives pay wholesale provider Tri-State Generation and Transmission.
“The coops are paying between 7 and 7.5 cents per kilowatt and are selling it for 11 or 12 cents, depending upon the area,” Ford says.
In Europe, biomass production is far more common than in the United States. There’s a good reason: Europe has fewer fossil fuels at its disposal. All electricity is more expensive, generally 14 to 18 cents per kilowatt.
All biomass plants in Colorado contemplate subsidies. The Gypsum biomass plant got a $250,000 biomass utilization grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Plus, it enjoys $40 million in loan guarantees from the Rural Utilities Service, the same agency that financed many of the co-ops coal-fired power plants.
Xcel also expects electricity from biomass will cost more, and is seeking approval from the state’s Public Utilities Commission to pass along higher costs to customers. The utility is seeking plants that use gasifier technology, as is planned at Pagosa Springs, instead of the boiler technology now in place at Gypsum. It has fewer emissions and uses no water. That, says Kathryn Valdez, manager of environmental policy for Xcel, is an important consideration if plants are to be located in places that will minimize haul distances.
Xcel specifies just a 2-megawatt plant for its 10-year demonstration plant.
Phil Kastelic, of Colorado Forest and Energy, a company proposing to build a demonstration plant in Gilpin County, says that size matters. “There just aren’t that many places where you can put five-megawatt of generation and have local feedstock to support it.”
In other words, biomass plants aren’t the answer to everything that ails us. They won’t immediately turn our forests green, nor will they alone replace the fossil-fuel plants that are fouling the atmosphere with greenhouse gases.
But biomass has another attribute. Think of it as the energy equivalent of community agriculture. The 20th century was all about bigger and more centralized production of everything. This creates huge supply lines, mile-long coal trains going to plants, and high-voltage power lines leaving them.
It’s easy to think of water originating in the tap, electricity in the outlet, without broader consequences. Smaller sources of power generation, close to their locations of use, keep us in touch with the spider’s web of our relationship to the energy we use. | <urn:uuid:be81541e-6a77-4f50-86cb-33c9eac6994f> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.denverpost.com/2014/01/31/progress-on-biomass-finally-seeing-the-results-of-waste-to-energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735964.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20200805183003-20200805213003-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.934704 | 2,128 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Biodiesel - Definition, Glossary, Details - OilgaeBiodiesel is defined as the mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. In simple terms, biodiesel is the product you get when a vegetable oil or animal fat is chemically reacted with an alcohol to produce a new compound that is known as a fatty acid alkyl ester - Source: What is biodiesel and what is not?
What is Biodiesel Fuel? - Biodiesel is a natural and renewable domestic fuel alternative for diesel engines made from vegetable oils, mostly soy and corn. It contains no petroleum, is nontoxic and biodegradable.
A fuel derived from sources such as vegetable oils that is the equivalent of diesel refined from petroleum; diesel has a higher energy density than gasoline. A variety of oils serve as a source of biodiesel including rapeseed, soybean, and even waste vegetable oil - Source | <urn:uuid:12980998-f162-416b-b4ed-71d41188be6d> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.oilgae.com/ref/glos/biodiesel.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164006951/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133326-00034-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962368 | 191 | 3.625 | 4 |
" The ability to anticipate and react to changes in balance as the body moves through space"
Yoga For Athletes
How Yoga can help you reach your maximum potential.
If you watch any athletic sporting great such as Usain Bolt, Zinedine Zidane or Jessica Ennis, although from different disciplines they seem to have certain aspects in common – great balance and economy of movement that emanates from a strong, calm and focused centre (Dynamic Core). Great sports people are probably unaware of having these assets from an early age but they were perfect foundations on which to build phenomenal skills. Dynamic Balance Yoga can retrain and adapt the body so that these elements that exist in some degree in all of us can be developed to create a more functional and resilient physique and state of mind from which to operate at full potential.
The mid torso is the area of the body around which everything circulates. This is the central point which creates stability. It has to be strong but flexible so that the peripheries of the body can align and balance around it. The postures and sequences in Dynamic Balance yoga develop this crucial area.
Athletes of all disciplines have very repetitive movements usually in one direction and in one plane of motion. This means that sportspeople develop certain muscle groups while ignoring others. Athletes train and perform in these set patterns day after day, which eventually lead to imbalances in the muscles and joints leading to overuse injuries. A classic example is footballers developing tight hamstrings and hip flexors which cause the body to recruit from other joints, joints not intended for bearing extra loads such as the knees and ankles.
The most common overuse injuries among athletes include those involving the illiotibial band (ITB), knee, hamstrings, hip flexors and shoulders. Often, these injuries are directly linked to lack of flexibility, poor core strength and misalignment. Dynamic Balance Yoga helps alleviate this tightness, builds a strong centre, and align the spine.
Even if athletes stretch before or after a game, they are usually just stretching the muscles in the same direction and plane of motion that replicate movement patterns in their particular sport. Dynamic Yoga goes beyond simple stretching by working the muscles and joints through all ranges of motion-activating the little-used muscles that support the primary movers.
The body must be worked through all planes of motion in order to remain balanced and healthy. Dynamic Balance Yoga works not just in the sagittal plane but, in the frontal and transverse planes as well, ensuring well-rounded development.
The Yoga postures used in Dynamic Balance yoga poses feature twisting motions in the transverse plane, essential to opening up tight oblique’s and lower backs. Sequences involving balancing postures are some of the most effective ways to correct muscle imbalances and poor body mechanics. When an athletes body is working more efficiently bio mechanically then they begin to realise how much of a distraction and energy drain an inflexible and misaligned body has been.
When muscles and connective tissue are lengthened it creates more room for blood to flow in. More blood brings more oxygen, which muscles need to grow and heal. Increased circulation also helps remove lactic acid which can have a corrosive effect on an athlete’s body.
BREATH IS THE KEY
Another essential element in Dynamic Balance yoga is breathing system that accompanies the sequences. The attention to breath during yoga can be considered one of the most important benefits to athletes. Learning to stay focused and centred through challenging sequences and postures by concentrating on inhalations and exhalations sets up the athlete to stay focused and energised in stressful situations whilst performing.
The mind-body connection developed through the controlled breathing used in Dynamic Balance yoga is essential to helping athletes develop an increased ability to stay alert and concentrated throughout a game or event. In addition, Dynamic Balance yoga helps athletes to relax not just tight muscles, but also anxious and overstressed minds. Being more relaxed will not only help the athlete recover quickly but also enable them to improve the quality of their sleep.
Dynamic Balance Yoga is available at Public Classes, One to Ones or Skpe.
Please see the schedule to book your trial session. | <urn:uuid:5c6da7c8-dc84-46c8-9189-94d7f80c995f> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://yogayork.com/yoga-and-athletes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825141.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022041437-20171022061437-00230.warc.gz | en | 0.946776 | 857 | 2.875 | 3 |
When people are introduced one of my automata pieces they always ask, "How does it work? How do you figure it out?" This blog entry will take a stab at answering a bit of both questions.
Lets take our character below, Otto Mata, and have him raise his hand to wave at his adoring public! To make Otto's hand, (Point A) rise in a waving gesture 1-1/4", (distance "a" in the diagram) how much do we need to cut into cam G. This amount will be distance "g" in the diagram, the difference between the minimum and maximum cam diameter.
The answer lies in understanding the length of the levers and fulcrums that are part of the linkages between these to points. I'll perform the calculation with the arm in the neutral, position, that is half way up. There are minor corrections that can be applied for fact that many points are following arcs not straight lines, but they will be ignored in this example.
Since Point B is fixed on Otto's shoulder and only allowed to rotate, Point C will move down as Point A moves up. It will move in portion to the leverage around the fulcrum at Point B. For Point A to rise 1.25", Point C must move 1.25" x 1/3 = 0.4167" downward.
Point D on the cam follower will travel the same distance since C and D are pinned connections (i.e. distance "c" = "d"). Since the end of the follower, Point F, can only rotate, the amount Point E will move is also a function of the lever length. Because the two points are on the same side of the fulcrum at F, the calculation to determine the distance "e" is a little different that the previous one. Point E will move (0.4167" x 2/(1.5 +2)) = .238" Translating this to the cam means that the difference between the minimum and maximum diameter on the cam must be 0.238", slightly less than 1/4"
If the nominal diameter of the cam was to be 2" then the cam should have a (2+0.238/2) = 2.129" outside diameter, and a diameter of (2-0.238/2) = 1.88" where the arm is to be raised.
How fast Otto's arm rises and falls, and how long it stays up is a whole other story! Who knows, it could be a future blog posting.
Automata is a creative blend of my life interests , engineering, art and woodworking. | <urn:uuid:7e8c3108-ec09-4432-ad84-953d1b5de37c> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.conquergoodcreative.com/automata-blog/a-simple-or-not-so-simple-gesture | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875147628.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20200228170007-20200228200007-00390.warc.gz | en | 0.944386 | 545 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Homicide is the second leading cause of death for young people ages 15 to 24. Youth violence can be reduced and prevented. Effective interventions must be disseminated and adopted by local and state authorities, community-based organizations and private sector partners.
View Youth Violence Prevention Plan and Alabama Youth Violence Agencies/Organizations
Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General, released in 2001, summarizes research regarding youth violence and, based on the research, recommends action steps. The report concludes that youth violence can be reduced and prevented. It states that the most important finding is that the public already has the knowledge and the tools to reduce or prevent much of the most serious youth violence. | <urn:uuid:9ce017bc-6ec5-4446-9fc8-9d016428a448> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://adph.org/injuryprevention/Default.asp?id=1023 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394021453828/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305121053-00049-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937121 | 138 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Squash Leaf Curl Virus (SLCV)
This virus affects most cucurbits, with cucumber showing fewest symptoms. Leaves are cupped upward, new growth bends upward, and midvein portions of leaves are severely mottled. Flowers and fruit are small and abnormally developed.
Control measures focus on lowering the potential virus inoculum in the area. Make sure weeds around the fields that may harbor whiteflies are controlled, alternate planting areas, and destroy infected crops as soon as practical after harvest. Controlling the whiteflies directly has not proved successful.
See also The Texas Plant Disease Handbook.
The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Texas AgriLife Extension Service is implied.
Educational programs of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age, or national origin.
Publication Revised July 2009 | <urn:uuid:fca09aa3-b3c9-45ba-9fad-77e325f9c674> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/vegetable/problem-solvers/cucurbit-problem-solver/cucurbit-fruit-disorders/squash-leaf-curl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654097.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20230608035801-20230608065801-00284.warc.gz | en | 0.930808 | 217 | 3.0625 | 3 |
For you shall go out with joy, And be led out with peace; The mountains and the hills Shall break forth into singing before you, And all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.(ISAIAH 55:12)
Lane, the Bible actually contains 66 different books. It contains different styles of writing. For instance, we know the Book of Genesis is history and tells us exactly what God did. But there are other books, like the Psalms, that are considered poetry. Now poetry is different from history. Poetry can use different words to describe things. When you hear someone say, “It’s raining cats and dogs,” do you really think that cats and dogs are coming out of the sky? No, it is just the way we talk to describe something we might have a hard time describing otherwise.
So when God tells us that the mountains and the hills will cry out and the trees will clap their hands, God is describing joy and delight and praise that is really too great to even imagine. He is saying that people will be filled with joy and will be celebrating! As you continue to study the Bible, you will see that in spite of different styles of writing and the use of some figures of speech, God always conveys His message perfectly. | <urn:uuid:97b15f2c-8840-46d5-a81d-35e9bd97926c> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://rushcreekbc.org/c79/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347439928.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20200604094848-20200604124848-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.956887 | 266 | 2.625 | 3 |
The centre of the Milky Way galaxy was captured in a stunning photo taken by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. According to the space agency, it will be able to take better and more detailed photos of Milky Way and other cosmic regions through the James Webb Space Telescope, which will serve as the successor of Spitzer.
In a recent press release, NASA showed off the latest image captured by Spitzer, which highlights the vibrant infrared lights emitted by the various cosmic objects in the centre of Milky Way. The space telescope was able to capture the infrared light's reddish hue using its special cameras that can detect wavelengths not visible to the human eye.
One of the most impressive images that Spitzer was able to capture in its latest photo is the supermassive black hole sitting at the centre of Milky Way. The black hole, which appears like a bright spotlight in the middle of the photo, is surrounded by millions of stars that are moving across the cosmic dust and clouds.
"The center of our galaxy is a crowded place," NASA said in a statement. "A black hole weighing 4 million times as much as our Sun is surrounded by millions of stars whipping around it at breakneck speeds."
"This extreme environment is bathed in intense ultraviolet light and X-ray radiation," the agency added. "Yet much of this activity is hidden from our view, obscured by vast swaths of interstellar dust."
Although Spitzer is already able to capture stunning photos of space, NASA noted that it will be able to take better photos using the James Webb Space Telescope. The James Webb might officially replace Spitzer once it launches sometime in 2020.
According to the agency, the upcoming space telescope will feature powerful lenses and cameras that are capable of viewing infrared light. With the new telescope, NASA will be able to provide high-quality photos of various objects in space, including those that are hidden behind cosmic clouds.
"The centre of our Milky Way is hidden from the prying eyes of optical telescopes by obscuring dust and gas," NASA stated. "But in this stunning vista, the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Cameras penetrate much of the dust, revealing the stars of the crowded galactic centre region."
"The upcoming James Webb Space Telescope will offer a much-improved infrared view, teasing out fainter stars and sharper details," the agency continued. | <urn:uuid:a051d693-f8eb-4455-bcb0-4c10d1bd910e> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.ibtimes.sg/new-nasa-spitzer-photo-shows-stunning-image-milky-way-galaxys-centre-32938 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370500426.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20200331084941-20200331114941-00041.warc.gz | en | 0.945511 | 477 | 3.125 | 3 |
The India’s struggle for freedom has been shown using different mediums like panels, sculptures, murals, dioramas, and paintings.
Panels : The panels depict the struggle of India’s Independence from 1857 to the attainment of freedom in 1947. These include:
Portraits : A list of portraits and events depicted on canvas. These include:
Sculptures : Sculptures of few important leaders of the freedom movement are also displayed in the gallery.
Dioramas : The Dioramas show some episodes of the freedom movement. These include: | <urn:uuid:9a8982f3-50cf-469a-bc13-f13bb367ab2d> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://203.100.69.89:81/chdmuseum/home/collectionsnational | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824293.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020173404-20171020193404-00226.warc.gz | en | 0.901917 | 120 | 3.15625 | 3 |
New reports show entrepreneurs are fearful robot workers could impact their job prospects. We look at the industries that could be most hit and how to overcome the challenges posed by AI.
The robots are coming! Actually, they’re already here. Many industries have already embraced artificial intelligence – or AI – even if you aren’t aware of it. From smartphones to manufacturing, AI and robots are becoming more and more common.
Rise of the machines
The increase in AI and the so-called ‘Robot Revolution’ were the focus of a report from Young Enterprise into the effect they will have on job prospects.
Many (76%) young entrepreneurs fear AI in the workplace could lead to fewer jobs with just 10% predicting robots will help increase the number of jobs.
A third of the respondents said more robot workers would force students leaving education to get more relevant workplace skills.
Jobs affected by robots
A number of industries and roles will be impacted by the rise in robots and AI. Here are some that will be hit hardest…
This sector has always been at the cutting edge of technology, so it’s no surprise that many roles currently carried out by factory workers could become automated in the future. There will be roles for humans monitoring and updating the machines, but as AI becomes more advanced they will soon be able to complete even the most complex manufacturing roles.
The service sector seems like an odd one as, for many, it’s the human interactions that define this role. But jobs like taxi drivers, shop assistants and customer service roles are all being handled by AI. Bots can handle your complaints, self-driving cars will replace taxis and in-store computers could provide the full service a shop assistant could from a warm welcome to personalised suggestions.
As the amount of data being used in banking increases, so the need for complex algorithms increases. These are now being handled by AI bots that not only analyse the figures but also provide recommendations, removing the need for humans in these roles.
Creating endless lines of code is a tough job but one that’s been popular in recent years as technological advances increased the need for software developers. But soon, all this could be performed by robots. All that will be needed are a few suggestions and they can go off and create everything from a piece of software to a new website.
Many of the big news outlets are already using AI to create news flashes from financial reports or sports events. And they’ll need little sub-editing for typos or grammatical mistakes. | <urn:uuid:9e488a25-2844-47fc-920a-ed694b33b406> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | https://www.beoffices.com/is-the-robot-revolution-coming-for-your-small-business | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549425381.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170725202416-20170725222416-00417.warc.gz | en | 0.952976 | 521 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Blank World Map Outline With Rivers – There are lots of advantages of choosing a Map Printable Empty Outline. You can actually down load and print out. Its kid-warm and friendly style may help your university student understand the continents. The maps are also perfect for business office job. Here are some factors to use a Road map Printable Blank Describe: Blank World Map Outline With Rivers.
Simple to obtain
A simple obtain chart on the planet is wonderful for a lot of reasons. It can be used for academic reasons, competitive exams, and even personal use. These computer community charts allow you to recognize continents as well as the differences between them. You can even coloration the map so it will be far more helpful for you. These maps also come in various colors and sizes, and enable you to add more the names of continents and countries. In addition they are actually excellent presents for family and friends participants.
Simple to produce
While you are publishing a map, an easy to produce road map describe is the best way to discover the world’s locations. This kind of road map shows interior boundaries, which may be helpful for colouring. These maps tend to be imprinted in panorama file format, to help you talk about all of them with your educator or pupils. As well as being a helpful resource for geography classes, a fairly easy to printing map describe also makes it simple to talk about with the course or any other educators.
Child-helpful design and style
The city ofBoulder and Colorado, has created a new kid-pleasant guide for elementary institution pupils. Under the oversight of GUB community, staff and students participants designed the road map, which happens to be bilingual which is delivered residence with each child in the Boulder Valley Institution Area. Starting in September 2019, an electronic edition will likely be available. The road map will get to nearly 8,000 people inside the Boulder location. For additional information, go to the internet site from the Boulder Group Well being Base or proceed to the Boulder JCC’s site.
Will help individuals understand continents
In geography, a country may be the main landmass of an place. Earth is comprised of 7 continents, such as Parts of asia, North, Africa and South Antarctica, America and Europe Australia/Asian countries, the Caribbean, and Antarctica. Individuals can enhance geography skills by creating a country phrase guide and presenting the guide of country labels. This lesson can be necessary to develop terminology. Allow me to share some techniques which can help individuals understand more about continents as well as their names.
Continents and Oceans chart computer blank outline PowerPoint glides are a valuable strategy to provide geographic concepts and information. Making use of their neat and in depth styles, they will assist you to make your presentation more engaging. Professors can use these themes to show pupils the world’s continents or perhaps to give duties. Students can also utilize them for learning uses, color assignments, and duties. No matter your audience or industry, this multi-function template is going to be a great selection.
Places on entire world map
A good way to discover more about entire world geography is usually to down load a community road map with the outline. This will help you see how diverse nations are dispersed across the world. If you wish, you can even customize the map to include a capital city. If you are a child or student, you may also want to download an outline of the world map so you can help them learn more about their home countries. You will end up surprised about how simple this is! | <urn:uuid:63f1c47c-c406-4789-b958-ba97c1d4582e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.usmapprintableblank.com/blank-world-map-outline-with-rivers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511220.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003192425-20231003222425-00329.warc.gz | en | 0.934585 | 733 | 2.625 | 3 |
We're just starting to understand WHAT black holes are and HOW they are created. Scientists now suspect that at the end of this process of creation, time becomes "bent," meaning it actually STOPS. The future of time travel may hinge on understanding this (NOTE: Subscribers can still listen to this show). In space.com, Clara Moskowitz quotes mathematician Juan Antonio Valiente Kroon as saying, "It is really beyond the physics we know. To understand what happens inside a black hole, we need to invent new physics. Mainly the equations of relativity are so complex that for relativistic systems, the only way you can probe these equations is by means of computer."
One of the new theories explains what happens when a black hole has reached its final evolutionary state. But what makes time stand still? Moskowitz quotes Kroon as saying, "One could say once it has reached this stage, there are no further processes taking place." These theories may be hard for the layman to understand, but someday we may USE them--and perhaps there are others who ALREADY ARE. Lots of people claim to have met these Visitors--whoever and whatever they are--and Anne Strieber has recorded 13 interviews, just for subscribers, with "contactees" like Matt. | <urn:uuid:6ec3c961-42df-406c-bc95-7280a7d2594a> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.unknowncountry.com/news/when-time-stands-still | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609524259.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005204-00577-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959495 | 264 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Introduction: Dealing with Sports Injuries in Young Athletes
Youth sports can be a thrilling journey for both parents and children. From the first goal they score or the first race they win, these memorable moments create a sense of pride and joy. However, this journey is not always smooth. Along with the triumphs, parents must also navigate challenges and concerns associated with youth sports, and one of the most significant issues is sports injuries. Whether your child is playing football, lacrosse, basketball, or any other sport, the risk of injuries is a reality you must face.
With the increasing number of children participating in organized sports activities, the occurrence of sports injuries is no longer a rarity. In fact, sports injuries have become a common concern among parents and coaches alike. But, dealing with these injuries does not have to be a daunting task. Knowledge and preparation can go a long way in handling these situations effectively and ensuring your child’s quick recovery and return to the field.
This comprehensive guide aims to provide you with a deeper understanding of sports injuries, their prevention, and the ways to deal with them when they occur. You’ll learn about the various types of sports injuries, measures to prevent them, first aid strategies, when to seek professional medical help, and how to support your child’s recovery and rehabilitation process. Furthermore, this guide will also delve into the mental and emotional aspects of sports injuries, underlining how you can provide psychological support to your young athlete during their recovery.
The objective is to equip you with essential knowledge and practical advice that can help you feel more prepared and less stressed when dealing with sports injuries. As a parent, your role is crucial in your child’s sports journey, and having the right information at your disposal can make you an even more effective support system for your child. So, let’s embark on this informative journey and learn how to turn the challenges of sports injuries into opportunities for growth, resilience, and learning for your young athlete.
Understanding Sports Injuries
Sports injuries can happen at any age, but young athletes are particularly susceptible due to their growing bodies and sometimes overzealous approach to the game. It’s important to understand the different types of sports injuries and how they might occur. From acute injuries like fractures, sprains, and strains to overuse injuries such as stress fractures and tendonitis, the range is vast. Understanding these injuries can help parents be more prepared in case they arise.
Preventing Sports Injuries
While you cannot prevent every mishap, several measures can help minimize the risk of sports injuries. This includes ensuring that your child has the proper gear, participates in pre-season conditioning, takes regular breaks, and maintains a balanced diet and hydration. Encouraging a culture of safety and awareness on and off the field can also be instrumental in preventing sports injuries.
First Aid for Sports Injuries
The first few moments after a sports injury are critical. It’s essential for parents to know basic first aid techniques such as the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) method for treating sprains and strains, or how to clean and dress wounds to prevent infection. Having a well-stocked first aid kit on hand and being familiar with emergency procedures can make a significant difference in the outcome of a sports injury.
When to Seek Medical Help
There are times when a sports injury is more serious than a minor bruise or sprain. Parents should be aware of the signs that indicate when it’s time to seek professional medical help, such as severe pain, swelling, numbness, inability to move the injured area, or if the injury doesn’t seem to improve with time. Immediate medical attention can often prevent further damage and speed up the recovery process.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
The recovery process from sports injuries is often a test of patience for young athletes eager to return to the field. Parents play a crucial role in ensuring their child rests adequately, follows the prescribed rehabilitation exercises, and maintains a positive attitude. It’s important to remember that every child’s recovery timeline will be different, and forcing a return to play too soon can lead to further injury.
Mental and Emotional Support
Sports injuries can be a stressful experience for young athletes. They might feel frustrated, anxious, or depressed during their recovery period. Providing mental and emotional support is as crucial as physical healing. Listening to their concerns, reassuring them, and engaging them in other non-physical activities can help alleviate their stress and keep them engaged during their recovery.
Dealing with sports injuries in young athletes is indeed a multifaceted process, requiring understanding, compassion, and timely action. As we navigate the ins and outs of sports injuries, it becomes abundantly clear that prevention is indeed better than cure. While we can never eliminate the risk entirely, taking appropriate preventative measures can go a long way in keeping our young athletes safe and at their physical best.
However, if your child does get injured, remember that it’s not the end of the world or their sports journey. Injuries are setbacks, but with the right care, they can also become opportunities for learning and growth. Children learn resilience, perseverance, and patience during their recovery period, qualities that will serve them well in sports and life beyond.
Engaging in open communication with your child about their injuries and pain can instill a sense of trust and assurance in them. The role of healthcare professionals in this journey is irreplaceable. Don’t hesitate to seek help and consult the experts when needed. Their expertise can make the road to recovery smoother and quicker.
As we’ve seen, supporting your child mentally and emotionally is just as crucial as physical care. A positive attitude, emotional support, and helping them stay engaged with their team and sport even during their recovery period can make a significant difference in their morale and motivation.
Remember, your response as a parent to your child’s sports injuries significantly influences their approach to handling these challenges. Your calmness, positivity, and active engagement in their recovery process will empower them, helping them emerge stronger and more resilient from the experience.
The world of sports is a great teacher. Even in injuries, there are lessons to be learned, strengths to be discovered, and opportunities to be explored. So, here’s to a safe, healthy, and fulfilling sports journey for your young athlete, where they not only play but also learn and grow. | <urn:uuid:c337a080-ab14-453c-b72b-37e87cde3085> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://stxzlacrosse.com/dealing-with-sports-injuries-in-young-athletes-a-parents-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511002.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002164819-20231002194819-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.953173 | 1,334 | 3.109375 | 3 |
- Anderson Valley
- Mendocino County
by Dan Bacher, November 28, 2012
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act, a landmark federal law signed by President George H.W. Bush in the fall of 1992, set a goal of doubling the Bay-Delta watershed’s Chinook salmon runs from 495,000 to 990,000 wild adult fish by 2002.
The legislation also mandated the doubling by 2002 of other anadromous fish species — fish ascending rivers from the sea to spawn — including Central Valley steelhead, white sturgeon, green sturgeon, striped bass and American shad.
The legislation also made fish and wildlife a purpose of the Central Valley Project for the first time. The CVPIA’s Anadromous Fish Restoration Program was supposed to dedicate 800,000 acre-feet of CVP water every year to environmental protection.
Unfortunately, a decade after the law’s deadline, the salmon fishery continues to struggle to rebound, largely due to ineffective enforcement by federal and state agencies and continued excessive pumping of fresh water from the Bay-Delta, primarily for corporate agribusiness interests in the San Joaquin Valley.
According to a new salmon index released by the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Golden Gate Salmon Association, the Central Valley Chinook salmon fishery has suffered a dramatic collapse over the past decade, now standing at only 13 percent of the population goal required by federal law.
The closest the government came to meeting the salmon doubling goal was in 2002, when the index peaked at 64.33 percent of doubling. Last year, in spite of favorable ocean forage conditions, the index was only about 13 percent of the salmon doubling goal.
The index was released following the closure of California’s ocean salmon fishing season on Nov. 11, and the 20th anniversary of the CVPIA.
The NRDC and GGSA analysis, published in the Salmon Doubling Index, reveals a steady decline in Central Valley Chinook salmon from 2003 through 2010, at which point it reached a record low of 7 percent.
While the state and federal governments claimed that ocean conditions prompted the decline, fishing and environmental groups pointed to increased water diversions as a significant cause of this decline. Between 2000 and 2006, freshwater pumping from the Bay-Delta increased 20 percent in comparison to 1975-2000. The record water export year was 2005 until a new record was set in 2011 under the Brown and Obama administrations.
The annual export total via the state and federal Delta pumps was 6,520,000 acre-feet of water in 2011 — 217,000 acre-feet more than the previous record of 6,303,000 acre-feet set in 2005.
Rep. George Miller (D-Martinez), the House author of the Central Valley Project Improvement Act, strongly urged the federal government to comply with the law by restoring California salmon.
“Despite indefensible foot-dragging and countless lawsuits, salmon restoration has remained the linchpin of federal water policy in California for 20 years,” said Rep. Miller. “California salmon support businesses and communities up and down the West coast, and it’s long past time for the federal agencies to take their responsibility to our state’s wild fisheries seriously. The federal government must restore California’s iconic salmon runs to health: that’s the law.”
“Salmon are the canary in the coal mine for the Bay-Delta economy and ecosystem,” said Barry Nelson, senior policy analyst with NRDC’s Water Program. “California salmon, the fishing industry and the Bay-Delta ecosystem all need adequate water flows to maintain their health over the long-term. The Department of the Interior and the State of California need to dramatically step-up efforts to protect the San Francisco Bay-Delta ecosystem and restore salmon populations.”
In 2008, in response to a lawsuit brought by NRDC, Earthjustice and the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, stronger federal court-ordered protections went into effect for salmon and other native fish, reducing Delta water pumping.
In 2011, there was a modest rebound of wild adult Chinook salmon, directly correlating to this reduction in pumping. Chinook salmon have a three-year life cycle.
As a result, the benefits of stronger protections in 2008 are reflected in the numbers of adult fish that returned to spawn in 2011, the groups said. Early federal agency projections predict stronger numbers for this year’s salmon run, now currently underway. Nevertheless, the salmon index for 2012 will likely remain dramatically short of meeting state and federal goals.
Victor Gonella, president of the Golden Gate Salmon Association, emphasized, “Our salmon runs are essential to California’s natural heritage, to fishing families and to an industry that reaches from the fishing dock to your dinner table. Restoring healthy salmon runs means healthy local food, healthy communities and a healthy economy.”
Gonella said if current laws were enforced and the mandated restoration goal was achieved, the salmon fishing industry would provide a large contribution to the California economy. A fully restored California salmon industry would provide $5.6 billion in economic activity annually and tens of thousands of jobs from Santa Barbara to northern Oregon. ¥¥ | <urn:uuid:61711979-cd9d-4f18-92b7-e3ae52241df9> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://theava.com/archives/18857 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510275463.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011755-00167-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930869 | 1,088 | 2.609375 | 3 |
GPS3008 Psychology of Criminal Behavior
Declaration of original work:
By submitting this work, I am declaring that I am the originator of this work and that all other original sources used in this work have been appropriately acknowledged. I understand that plagiarism is the act of taking and using the whole or any part of another person’s work and presenting it as my own without proper acknowledgement. I also understand that plagiarism is an academic offence and that disciplinary action will be taken for plagiarism. Introduction
What makes a criminal? A criminal is someone who is guilty of crimes that violate the laws of a country. No matter how peaceful and secure, every country is bound to have criminals and crime is inevitable. Why is this so? Why are there criminals all over the world? How do criminals come about? Debates over the origin of criminals have been ongoing for a long time and there is still no clear definite stand on either the nurture or the nature perspective. Some assume that criminal behaviors are due to environmental influences and life experiences, whereas some assume that criminal behaviors are influenced by an individual’s genetic makeup. In this essay, I will be focusing on how criminal behaviors can be caused by the different factors of ‘nature’ as well as the different factors of ‘nurture’, and then moving on to a summary whereby the decision of my stand is justified. Despite the fact that I personally believe that criminals can be influenced by both nature and nurture factors, my ultimate stand for this debate is that criminals are made, to a certain extent. Criminals & Nature/Biological
Many researchers suggest that criminal behaviors can be hereditary. As we know, individuals acquire genetics that are inherited from their ancestors and parents and these genetics encompass of personality traits. In 1964, Eysenck proposed a theory of criminal behavior with reference to his theory of personality that includes the three major components of personality – extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Extraversion refers to traits like active, assertive, or sensation seeking, and neuroticism refers to traits like anxious, emotional or low self-esteem, whereas psychoticism refers to traits like aggressive, antisocial, impulsive or tough-minded (Eysenck, 1964). According to Eysenck, criminals usually display higher levels in all of the three personality traits. His studies suggested that individuals high in extraversion tend to lose their temper easily and thus becoming aggressive (Bartol & Bartol, 2005). In addition, he believes that extraverts’ behavior can be elucidated by the ‘arousal theory’, whereby some individuals, which in this case are the extraverts, need a higher level of excitement and arousal. These people enjoy pranks, and find challenge in opportunities to engage in antisocial behavior. As a result of higher need of stimulation, they are more likely to encounter with laws, which eventually might lead to criminal behaviors. Besides extraversion, higher levels of neuroticism are also regarded as part of criminals’ personality traits. Individuals that are higher in neuroticism achieved an emotional level in a shorter time and then remained at that level for a longer period of time as compared to individuals that are lower in neuroticism (Eysenck & Gudjonsson, 1989). When an individual is at their emotional level, they tend to react more strongly and overlook the consequences of their actions, which increase the chances of criminal behaviors. Eysenck also proposed that individuals who score high in psychoticism are more likely to engage in criminal behaviors, as these people are aggressive, antisocial, impulsive, egocentric and lacking in empathy. By being egocentric and lack of empathy, an individual is less likely to spare a thought for others and thus the chance of inflicting harm to others is higher. Other traits like aggressive, antisocial and impulsive are of course directly related to criminal behaviors. In all, Eysenck’s theory of criminal personality is supported as studies shown that students who reported higher levels of delinquency also scored higher on extraversion, psychotic, and neuroticism traits (Rushton & Christjohn, 1981). However, other studies have also showed that in majority of cases, offender scored higher in neuroticism and psychoticism but not in extraversion (Farrrington et al., 1982; Hollin, 1989). Therefore, with these mixed results, a new study might be required to test out the criminal personality theory to ensure that this theory is still promising and useful. Genetics
As mentioned earlier on, every individual contains genes that were inherited from their ancestors or parents. The basic genetics of sex is that male has an X and a Y chromosome whereas female has two X chromosomes in the pair that determines sex. However, not all men are born with only one Y chromosome as some men are born with two Y chromosomes – XYY and not XY, which is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome (Howitt, 2011). As the Y chromosome is what that differentiate females and males, a male with two Y chromosome is presume to be extra-masculine, which can be associated as being more aggressive. Hence, according to this concept, there are a larger proportion of XYY men in places such as prison or hospital for offenders (Price et al., 1966).
Researches have shown that XYY men were rare in the general population but common in men involved in crime. However, these male XYY criminals were not necessary particularly involved in violent-crime. Instead, they were more involved in non-violent crime (Epps, 1995; Witkim et al., 1976). Nevertheless, the findings still suggest that genetics have a relationship with crimes, as XYY men are found more common in men involved in crime. Constitutional Factors
Besides personality and genetic factors, many researchers (e.g., Eysenck, Lombroso, Sheldon) have also argued that physical differences exist between criminals and non-criminals. Lombroso (1911) believed that criminals are atavists. As a matter of that, he proposed that there were certain characteristics that were supposed to be identifiable and these features were considered to look more primitive and ape-like. Some examples of the features include: small skulls, sloping foreheads, jutting brows, protruding ears, bad teeth or barrel chest (Schechter, 2003).
Besides physical features, Sheldon (1940, 1942) also argued that there is also a difference in body types between criminals and non-criminals. Among the three body types – endomorphs, ectomorphs, mesomorphs, findings suggested that delinquents compared with college students were very endomorphic and not ectomorphic (Sheldon, 1949). According to Sheldon, each body type corresponds to a certain type of personality. Individuals that are endomorphs are usually soft, round, sociable, and friendly. On the other hand, individuals that are ectomorphs are usually slender, sensitive, and assertive, whereas individuals that are mesomorphs are muscular, athletic, energetic, risk-taker and dominant. Sheldon also suggested that broad and muscular mesomorphs were more likely to be criminals due to their athletic build, and their risk-taker and dominant personality. His assumption was supported as study done by Glueck and Glueck (1956) showed that 60% of their samples of delinquents are mesomorphs and in another study done by Cortes and Gatti (1972), 57% of their samples of delinquents are mesomorphs whereas only 19% of their controls are mesomorphs. These studies provide evidences to support Sheldon’s assumption, and hence, there is indeed a difference in body type among criminals and non-criminals.
Crime & Nurture/Sociological
Social Process Theory
On the opposite of biological and nature causes, many researchers believe that criminal behaviors can be due to society and environmental factors. Social process theorists presume that the interactions people have with organizations or institutions, and the process of society can influence criminality (Siegel, 2005). One of the main approaches to social process theory is the social learning theory. Social learning theory basically refers to an individual can learn a certain behavior just by observing others and this process is known as ‘modelling’ (Bandura, 1973, 1983). With relations to criminality, an individual can learn to be aggressive or violent just by observing others acting violently. On top of that, individuals are more likely to learn criminal behaviors by becoming part of close groups or cliques whom offending has become a norm for them. Hence, many offenders committed crimes because of the company they hang out with. As they observe their peers or friends engaging in criminal behaviors to achieve their goals, they eventually learnt these behaviors as appropriate.
Another approach to the social process theory is the social control theory proposed by Hirschi (1969), whereby an individual’s behavior is conditioned through the close association of institutions and other individuals. According to this theory, criminal behaviors can be caused by failure to form or maintain a close bond with the society, which consist of attachment, commitment, involvement and belief. Attachment refers to a linkage between an individual and the society. If the attachment is weak, an individual is assumed to be unconcerned about others and thus inclined to deviate from social expectations. As a result, there would be higher chances of engaging in criminal behaviors. Commitment refers to an individual’s investment in social activities and institution. Individuals who have little investment in the society usually have little to lose (e.g., career path), as compared to those who have heavy investment in society. Therefore, one with little investment is more likely to deviate as they have little to lose. The third element, involvement, refers to social bonding. According to Hirschi, one with high involvement (e.g., employment) has lesser time and opportunity to engage in deviant activities such as drug abuse or illegal activities. On the other hand, an unemployed individual may spend more time loitering, which increase the opportunity of deviant activities and will be more enticed easily. Lastly, belief refers to an individual’s level of belief in the moral validity of shared social values and norms. Hirschi assumed that individuals with strong belief in these norms are then less likely to deviate from them. Likewise, individuals with weak belief in social values and norms usually ignore the legal rules and norm and thus, deviating from the social norms and engage in criminal behaviors.
The third approach to social process theory is the social reaction theory, which can be known as the labeling theory. This theory proposed that if an individual is already viewed as a criminal from young, it is more likely that this person will see becoming a criminal as fulfilling a prophecy, which eventually result in his criminal career (Siegel, 2005). Social Disorganization Theory
Besides the processes and interactions of a society, the environment and social circle can also aid to crime. Social disorganization theory suggests that urban conditions can have a huge impact in causing crimes (Shaw & McKay, 1942). A disorganized society is when institutions of social control such as family or schools have broken down. In such society, there are usually high unemployment and school dropout rates, low-income levels, poor housing and many single parent households. Under such situations, residents usually experience conflict and despair and this will ultimately give rise to antisocial behaviors. Many residents might engage in criminal behaviors (e.g., theft, robbery) in order to achieve their goals in obtaining daily necessities. Social Conflict Theory
Social conflict theorists believe that people, groups, or institution has the power and ability to influence, manipulate and control over others (Farrington & Chertok, 1993). In other words, there are always individuals or groups of different social classes (e.g., upper class, middle class, lower class) in a society and the wealthier and more powerful groups use their power in order to exploit groups with less power. These people with powers get to define what deviance is in society and hence, they are less likely to define their own behaviors as deviant.
Due to the fact that the people in lower class have less power, they are usually lacking in resources. With the continuous exploitation from the upper class people, they have no choice but to engage in criminal behaviors (e.g., theft, robbery) in order to obtain their resources. Hence, the gap between the rich and the poor can be a huge factor in precipitating crimes. Summary
After much researching on both ‘nature’ and ‘nurture’ view of arguments and theories, I believe that the reason behind criminal behaviors is very vast and complex. From the ‘nature’ perspective, we can see that one’s genetics, personality traits, body type or physical appearance can determine one’s tendency to engage in criminal behaviors. As from the ‘nurture’ perspective, it is clear that the society and environment factors play a huge influencing factor in precipitating crime. Personally, I feel that both sides of the argument have valid and important points, and I would not say that either of them is completely wrong. Nevertheless, my stand to this debate is that I believe criminals are made by the social and environmental factors to a certain extent, instead of born genetically. From what we know, criminal comes in any appearance and size nowadays and this shows that the constitutional factor theory might not be reliable to a high extent. However, the biological view still proves that one’s genetics and personality trait can indeed influence an individual in the chances of offending. On the other hand, all of the social theories prove that the environmental and society play a major influencing factor in precipitating criminal behaviors. In conclusion, I feel that the ‘nurture’ views of the argument are more influential and it definitely plays a larger role in determining one’s involvement in criminal behaviors. Even if an individual is born with ‘criminal personality or appearance’, he/she might not necessary highly likely to be involved with criminal activities if he/she was born in an ideal environment with a bunch of good company and parenting. Therefore, I strongly believe that the environmental factors and society plays a larger role than biological and genetic factors in influencing criminal behaviors.
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Bandura, A. (1983). “Psychological mechanisms of aggression’ in R.G. Green and C.I Donnerstein (eds) Aggression, Theoretical and Empirical Reviews Vol. 1: Theoretical and Methodological Issues. New York: Academic Press, pp. 1-40. Bartol, A. M., & Bartol, C. A. (2005). Criminal behavior: A psychosocial approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Epps, K. (1995). ‘Sexually abusive behavior in an adolescent boy with the 48, XXYY syndrome: a case study’ in N.K. Clark and G.M. Stephenson (eds) Investigative and Forensic Decision Making, Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology No. 26 Leicester: Division of Criminological and Legal Psychology, British Psychological Society, pp. 3-11. Eysenck, H. (1964). Crime and Personality. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Eysenck, H. J., & Gudjonsson, G. H. (1989). The causes and cures of criminality. New York: Plenum. Farrington, D. P., Biron, L., & LeBlanc, M. (1982). Personality and delinquency in London and Montreal. In J. Gunn & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Abnormal oVenders, delinquency, and the criminal justice system (pp. 153–201). New York: Wiley. Farrington, K. & Chertok, E. (1993). Social conflict theories of the family. In P.G. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schumm, & S. K. Steinmetz. (Eds), Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp.357-381). New York: Plenum. Hirschi, T. (1969). The causes of delinquency. Berkeley: The University of California Press. Hollin, C. R. (1989). Psychology and crime: An introduction to criminology psychology. New York: Routledge. Howitt, D. (2011). Introduction to Forensic and Criminal Psychology (2nd ed.). England: Pearson Publishing. Price, W. H., Strong, J. A., Whatmore, P. B. & McClemont, W. F. (1966). ‘Criminal patients with XYY sex-chromosome complement’ The Lancet 1, 565-6. Rushton, J. P., & Chrisjohn, R. D. (1981). Extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and self-reported delinquency: Evidence from eight separate samples. Personality and Individual DiVerences, 2, 11–20. Schechter, H. (2003). Serial Killers. USA: Random House Publishing. Shaw, C. R. & Henry, D. M. (1942). Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Sheldon, W. H. (1940). The Varieties of Human Physique: An Introduction to Constitutional Psychology. New York: Harper. Sheldon, W. H. (1942). The Varieties of Temperament: A Psychology of Constitutional Differences. New York: Harper. Sheldon, W. H. (1949). Varieties of Delinquent Youth: An Introduction to Constitutional Psychiatry. New York: Harper. Siegel, L. J. (2005). Criminology. California: Thomson Wadsworth. Witkin, H. A., Mednick, S. A., & Schulsinger, F. (1976). ‘Criminality in XY and XYY men’ Science 193 547-55. | <urn:uuid:f272310e-8cc3-4035-a387-c312126bc393> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.studymode.com/essays/Are-Criminals-Born-Or-Made-1856853.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439737152.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20200807025719-20200807055719-00565.warc.gz | en | 0.943148 | 3,747 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Could you survive a storm at sea? Abby Sunderland: Lost at Sea in the True Survival series explores Sunderland's shocking survival story. The book is written with a high interest level and lower level of complexity to serve more mature students reading at lower levels. Clear visuals, colorful photographs (including images of the survivors!), and considerate text help with comprehension and wild facts hold the readers' interest from the first page to the last. This book includes a table of contents, glossary, index, author biography, and sidebars.
Could you survive being lost in the Pacific ocean for 38 days? The Robertson Family: Attacked by Orcas in the True Survival series explores the Robertsons' shocking survival story. The book is written with a high interest level and lower level of complexity to serve more mature students reading at lower levels. Clear visuals, colorful photographs (including images of the survivors!), and considerate text help with comprehension and wild facts hold the reader's interest from the first page to the last. This book includes a table of contents, glossary, index, author biography, and sidebars.
How fast can we go on land? On water? In the air? In space? Are there impossible speed barriers? In "All About Speed," a rally driving lesson suddenly becomes very exciting.
White-water adventure stories offer an introduction to the sport of kayaking.
From scuba diving to submersibles, this book explains how humans explore ocean depths.
Presents a history of aeronautical sports, including ballooning, skydiving, airplane racing, flying circuses, and military dogfights.
This exciting title inspires readers to get active, use their creativity, and collaborate to explore new ideas in the world of sports. Engaging activities, inspiring biographies, and clear photographs help readers create new and entertaining sports games and activities. A focus on accessibility and safety makes this title a strong addition to any makerspace.
A look at the engineering processes that go into designing helmets for sports and work.
Readers will be amazed to discover that every time they climb onto bicycles and ride like the wind, they are defying gravity! This book explains the physics and history behind bicycles, skateboards, and surfboards. Readers learn what happens from the simplest movement of rolling forward to more complex tricks and stunts of jumping and spinning. Readers will never look at bikes, skateboards or surfboards the same way again.
Using examples from some of the most popular Olympic sports, this captivating title will have readers excited and eager to learn all they can about telling time and timing accuracy! Vivid photos and a colorful timeline combine with easy-to-read text, STEM topics, and mathematical charts and graphs to give readers an inside look into sports technology while providing opportunities to practice time measurement. With the accessible glossary, index, and step-by-step instructions, readers will have all the tools they need!
Surfing is not just a great summer sport; it also has amazing health benefits as well. Readers will learn more about the history of surfing, how to get started safely, and the various health benefits of the sport.
The ground-breaking Tesla is feautured in this title with information on how it is changing the automobile world.
This title gives the history of the one and only Ferrari Spider and how it has changed and evolved over the years.
This title gives the history of the Dodge Charger and how it has changed and evolved over the years as one of America's favorite automobiles.
This title gives the history of the famous Corvette and how it has improved and changed over the years.
This title gives the history of the famous Porsche 911 and how it has evolved and changed throughout the years.
This title gives the history of the famous Ford Mustang and how it has changed and evolved throughout the years.
Whether you skateboard for transportation or like to hit the ramps at the local skateboard park, skateboarding is fun and can help you keep fit. Read this book to find out more about skateboarding and how it can help you stay healthy for life.
Whether you like speeding down snowy slopes or doing jumps and other tricks, snowboarding may be the sport for you. Look inside to find out more about this fast-growing sport and how it can help you stay healthy for life.
You don't need a lot of expensive equipment to start running. With a good pair of shoes and a desire to challenge yourself physically, you can start running for fun and fitness. Look inside to learn more about how to start running and stay healthy for life.
Which athletic shoe is right for you? Readers will learn about the materials that go into athletic shoes and how athletic shoes are produced and sold to millions of people all around the world.
It may be hard to believe in a world full of automobiles, but bicycles are still a favorite means of transportation for many people around the world. This book introduces readers to the history of bicycles and the economics of manufacturing them.
Rock climbing can be the fun and exhilarating, and the best part is that it is an activity that also helps you stay healthy and fit. Students will learn more about how they can start climbing, the importance of good equipment, and the health benefits of rock climbing.
Skiing down a snowy slope is fun and exciting. Readers will find out what they need to get started on an outdoor sport that can get them outdoors and help keep them fit for life.
Skateboards are not just popular in America, they are popular in England, China, and Japan as well. This book will help readers understand how raw materials are made into skateboards in factories from California to China. | <urn:uuid:56a9a2b3-64f5-46fa-9cbc-0da3ce73d625> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.biguniverse.com/library/books?category%3AGenre=Sports+%26+Recreation&category%3AGrade=8th+Grade&category%3ALanguage=English+%28US%29&category%3ASubject=Science | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886516.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704170556-20200704200556-00051.warc.gz | en | 0.937374 | 1,154 | 2.59375 | 3 |
ROME (JTA) — The Vatican has produced another document to bolster its assertion that Pope Pius XII worked behind the scenes to save Jews during World War II.
Vatican Radio on Wednesday said a 1943 document found in a convent in Rome listed the names of 24 people who were to be sheltered by the nuns there in accordance with the pope’s desire.
"The Holy Father wants to save his children, also the Jews, and orders that hospitality be given to these persecuted [people] in the monasteries," Vatican Radio quoted from the document.
Vatican Radio said the document was dated November 1943 — just weeks after German occupiers rounded up about 2,000 Roman Jews on Oct. 16 and deported them to Auschwitz.
The Rev. Peter Gumpel, the German Jesuit historian in charge of promoting the cause for beatification of Pius XII, told Vatican Radio that the document was important in that it provided written evidence of Pius’ directives.
Jewish critics and other historians have said Pius turned a blind eye to the fate of Jews during the Holocaust. They have urged Pope Benedict to put a hold on the beatification process until the issue is clarified and have called on the Vatican to open its secret archives in order to do so. | <urn:uuid:97d45942-919b-491c-9062-276b68f735d4> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.jta.org/2009/03/05/news-opinion/world/vatican-document-shows-pius-xii-saved-jews | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689192.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170922202048-20170922222048-00244.warc.gz | en | 0.974931 | 258 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Yesterday, I wrote about a satirical campaign in which anti-coal activists spoofed a Peabody Energy website in order to publicize the link between burning coal and childhood asthma. The satirical campaign included fake child-oriented games and discounted asthma inhalers.
But all satire aside, the coal industry really is marketing its product directly to children.
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, a fabulous organization that works to address negative impacts of commercial culture on children, is working to let people know about the coal industry’s work with Scholastic, the leading for-profit publisher of children’s books, to develop a fourth-grade pro-coal curriculum. According to the Campaign:
[T]he coal industry, through the American Coal Foundation, hired Scholastic to produce The United States of Energy, a slick, full-color curriculum designed to paste a smiley face on the dirtiest form of energy in the world. Scholastic has distributed tens of thousands of these materials to 4th grade classrooms around the country. Teachers are told that the curriculum aligns with national standards because the lessons teach children “that different types of energy (e.g., solar, fossil fuels) have different advantages and disadvantages.” The lessons do extol the advantages of coal, but they fail to mention a single disadvantage.
Here’s a related article reprinted from the magazine Rethinking Schools, discussing the coal curriculum in detail.
It’s important to note that mining, transporting, and burning coal causes many health problems besides asthma. This recent post at the DWG blog does a good job summarizing and linking to recent research on the health impacts of coal, and this slightly older post by David Roberts at Grist also has good information. Someone should make sure our elementary-school kids learn about this, as well as about potential alternative sources of electricity generation. | <urn:uuid:ff2016b1-8645-4681-be52-0cc93c310941> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://legal-planet.org/2011/05/12/scholastic-inc-publishes-pro-coal-curriculum-for-fourth-graders-apparently-paid-for-by-coal-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689490.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923052100-20170923072100-00551.warc.gz | en | 0.949359 | 386 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Are we all Culturally Appropriating?
Article By Gilad Sommer
We live in the so called Information Age in which any kind of knowledge is at our fingertips. Topics which fall under the categories of ‘esoteric’, ‘metaphysical’ or ‘occult’ have never been easier to reach. Hundreds of research papers on these topics can be freely downloaded on various online platforms (e.g. www.academia.edu), while thousands of antique books with occult themes have been digitised and made available online. The publishing of “mind, body, spirit” books have been booming for years and show no signs of slowing down. While a staggering number of YouTube videos featuring so-called ‘esoteric’ topics are only a mouse-click away.
We can see that there is no lack of interest in these topics, but despite this interest, the field of ‘esoteric’ studies is still at an embryonic stage and I believe that it will still take many years before it becomes part of our formal education. This is an emerging field which only recently has gained entry to academia. Let’s now explore together some of its features and implications.
The term esotericism has its root in the word esoteric. Esoteric comes from the Greek esôterikos and it refers to anything that is “inner” (or “hidden”). The term esoteric first appeared in English in the 1701 History of Philosophy by Thomas Stanley. The noun esotericism, in its French form ésotérisme, first appeared around 1828. The words esotericism, esoterism and Western esotericism have often been used interchangeably.
In the field of history of religions and spirituality, esotericism is a kind of artificial category which scholars have applied to a range of currents, movements and ideas that were known by other names and developed within Western society at least before the end of the 18th century. Among these spiritual currents and traditions we find, Hermeticism, Gnosticism and Neoplatonism, to mention just a few.
Actually, there has never been a field of study or doctrine per se that can be labelled ‘esotericism’. There is instead the study and practice of the ‘inner’ (and ‘deeper’) aspect of a religious/spiritual ‘tradition’. Its aim is (or perhaps was) to redirect all the components of man’s psyche (emotional, mental, volitional, etc.) towards an inner regeneration and re-harmonisation. In antiquity, this ‘esoteric training’ or education served as the foundation to reach higher stages of spiritual realisation. These stages constituted the so-called ‘path of initiation’. But initiation is not the same as esotericism. One can be an esoteric seeker or a student of esotericism but not an initiate!
The reason why the study of esotericism (and its applications) has never reached great popularity is due to many factors. In a general sense, we can say that a clear rejection of many of these teachings took place before the advent of the Age of Enlightenment, when in Europe there emerged a hostile (Counter-Reformation) critique towards various forms of Western thought that had developed with the Renaissance. Later on, when the Age of Enlightenment was already in full swing, these teachings came to be regularly categorised under the labels of “superstition“, “magic” and “the occult”. The term magic for instance, became ‘stigmatised’ and relegated to everything that was not modern (i.e. scientific and rational). Modern academia, which was then in the process of developing, continued to reject and ignore topics that came under “the occult”. This kind of prejudice towards esotericism within academia has persisted until now.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, this situation was partly balanced by the appearance and development of initiatory societies professing esoteric knowledge (such as Rosicrucianism and Freemasonry). Later on, Romanticism (which included philosophical movements like German Idealism) and historical figures like Max Weber contributed to the re-emergence of Western esotericism and the re-enchantment of the natural world. The 19th century saw the rise of new trends of esoteric thought now known as occultism. Prominent groups in this century included the Theosophical Society and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.
The academic study of Western esotericism was pioneered in the early 20th century by various individuals who came especially from the field of history of religion. In the works of people like Henri Corbin, Gershom Scholem, Mircea Eliade and even Carl Gustav Jung (not a historian but a psychoanalyst), we see a reevaluation of the study of esotericism. Around this time, for instance, we find the Warburg Institute, an important centre of esoteric studies with such great scholars of Hermeticism like Frances Yeates. In 1965, thanks to professor Henry Corbin, the university of La Sorbonne in Paris established the world’s first academic post in the study of esotericism. And in 1979, also at the Sorbonne, the French scholar Antoine Faivre developed the study of Western esotericism into a formalised field.
Because scholars have brought their own philosophical approaches into this field we find various definitions of the study of esotericism. Those belonging to the ‘Perennial’ school of thought, for instance, have also seen esotericism as a ‘Perennial’ hidden tradition. This approach views Western esotericism as just one form of a worldwide esotericism at the heart of all world religions and cultures, reflecting a hidden esoteric ‘Reality’ or ‘Universal Tradition’. This approach has been dominated by a predominantly religionist paradigm (1).
Another perspective has seen the study of Western esotericism as a way for ‘re-enchanting’ the world by seeking to rebalance the positivistic, atheistic and over-scientific world views which have come to dominate the Western world. The scholars who have embraced this perspective have abandoned the religionist paradigmand have emphasised more empirical, historical and discursive approaches.
Finally we find those scholars who view esotericism as a category encompassing all of Western culture’s ‘rejected knowledge’. A kind of dustbin containing those theories, teachings and world views rejected by the mainstream intellectual community (2) . This perspective has brought a greater interdisciplinary debate across the boundaries of the humanities.
From 1980 (with the formation of the Hermetic Academy) onwards we have seen the birth of various institutes and universities embracing the academic study of esotericism. We could mention the University of Amsterdam(with a chair in the History of Hermetic Philosophy), the Exeter Center for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO), the North American Association for the Study of Esotericism (ASE), and the European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism (ESSWE).
To conclude, it is important to emphasise the potential that lies behind the study of esotericism. Many of those individuals who have engaged themselves fully into this field (and its applications) have become transformed in heart and mind. Their historical and religious horizons have broadened while the central themes of ‘Western culture’ have acquired new and deeper meaning.
1. Within the academic field of religious studies those who study different religions in search of an inner universal dimension to them all are termed religionists. 2. As quoted by Wouter J.Hanegraaff in Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed. | <urn:uuid:8d70eabf-d031-42f0-8c9a-21700786277c> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.acropolisla.org/post/are-we-all-culturally-appropriating | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510297.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927103312-20230927133312-00142.warc.gz | en | 0.94647 | 1,631 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Water is essential for life, as the world constantly reminds us with more severe droughts. All living things depend on it as a necessary resource, and its growth is critical for all social and economic progress, energy generation, and climate change adaptation. However, a huge hurdle is now standing in our way. How can we avoid polluting our lakes, canals, rivers, seas, and oceans?
Water pollution is a major issue in the world today. It can be caused by many different things, including agricultural runoff and industrial waste.
However, there are ways you can prevent water pollution by taking simple steps.
Industrial waste is produced by factories, industrial sites, mines, chemical plants, and other similar places. Industrial waste can contain chemicals such as mercury, lead, or cadmium that are toxic to humans and animals. In addition to these metals and chemicals, industrial waste can also contain oil and grease, damaging the environment. Industrial waste is often corrosive, which means it can cause damage to structures near where it is dumped, such as roads or bridges.
Industrial pollution can also include radioactive material from nuclear power stations, oil depots, or nuclear processing plants. One of the biggest examples of consequesnces of water contamination by industrial waste is the Camp Lejeune Justice Act.
In 1942, Camp Lejeune, a U.S. Marine Corps base in North Carolina, was founded. Specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found by the Marine Corps in 1982 in two of the eight water treatment facilities at the station.
PCE was the main contaminant in the water from the Tarawa Terrace water treatment facility (perchloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene). There have been so many losses and health problems as a result of the water poisoning that individuals are still suing for compensation. Recently, President Biden signed the Camp Lejeune Justice Act into law.
Wastewater and Sewage
Wastewater is the water that comes out of your home or business, and it can contain harmful bacteria and viruses. If you don’t dispose of wastewater properly, these contaminants may end up in our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Chemicals and dangerous microorganisms were conveyed by sewer water, posing major health risks. Pathogens that cause diseases are transported via household sewers. Sewer and wastewater systems contain bacteria that spread dangerous diseases and serve as a breeding ground for those who possess those diseases.
Marine dumping is the illegal disposal of waste into the ocean. Even though it is banned in many countries, it still happens.
The main problem with marine dumping is that it can cause a number of problems:
- Reduction in oxygen levels in the water (which can lead to fish dying)
- Increase the acidity of the water (which interferes with photosynthesis and damages corals)
Oil spills are one of the top causes of water pollution in the world. Oil spills can be caused by accidents, deliberate dumping, or oil tankers that sink at sea.
You probably don’t think much about it when you spill a gallon of gasoline on your driveway and wash it off with a garden hose. But if that same amount of gasoline spilled into an ocean or river, then things would get ugly quickly: the oil would spread through the water and coat everything, from plants to fish to birds, that came within its reach. This can have devastating effects on ecosystems for years after an accident has occurred (and even more so if people were involved).
Fur-bearing species like sea otters and birds with water-repellent feathers lose their capacity to insulate against the elements when exposed to oil. Birds and animals will get hypothermic if they lack the capacity to ward off water and protect themselves from the cold water.
If left untreated for more than 24 hours after an accident occurs, oil spills can kill fish and birds outright; scientists estimate that up to one million seabirds die each year because of this type of pollution alone.
Toxic Chemicals and Fertilizers
The most common types of water pollution are caused by toxic chemicals and fertilizers (including pesticides).
Fertilizers contain nitrates, phosphates, and other materials that can cause algae blooms, depleting water oxygen. These blooms often kill fish and other aquatic life.
Pesticides kill insects or weeds on farms, but they can be toxic to humans and animals if they enter waterways. They also cause large amounts of runoff from agricultural land during rainstorms.
Ways to Prevent Water Pollution
There are many simple ways to prevent water pollution, including keeping a safe distance from rivers and lakes, treating waste before throwing it out, being conscious of your use of fertilizers, using environmentally friendly household products, disposing of chemicals properly, and much more.
A good way to start is by simply teaching yourself how to be an environmentalist. For example: in the United States, there is a law called the “bottle bill” that requires all bottles sold in the state to be recyclable or reusable. In fact, there are many other countries like Canada and United Kingdom that have bottle bills as well. The U.S. bottle bill states with the greatest return rates are Michigan and Oregon, where customers return more than 85% of the recyclable beverage containers.
It’s important for people everywhere because we use so much plastic on a daily basis (including me), but we don’t really think about where this stuff goes at the end of its life cycle or how harmful it can be for our planet when thrown away improperly (such as onto landfills).
Although water pollution seems inevitable, there are many simple ways to prevent it from happening. It’s important to understand what causes water pollution so that we can take steps toward reducing it in our daily lives. | <urn:uuid:d904ac76-919a-44d4-8b02-179b66e8fcf0> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.agreewithus.com/5-reasons-for-water-pollution-and-how-to-prevent-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00146.warc.gz | en | 0.956125 | 1,218 | 3.75 | 4 |
In English, the second person pronoun only has one person - whether talking to one person or several, whether talking to an intimate friend of someone we don't know at all, we say "you". However, as many other languages, Portuguese has several forms for these words. In fact, there are EIGHT forms of the word "you" in Portuguese. They are listed below.
Tu and VósEdit
'Vós' is relatively uncommon nowadays, but 'tu' is still widely used in Portugal and in southern Brazil.
TU This form of "you" is very informal, and can be used only when talking to one person. That is to say, it is only used between friends, when addressing children, or in situations where a certain level of comfort has been established. It is mostly used in Portugal. In Brazil it is never used with the exception of the southern states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Tu is conjugated with the SECOND PERSON SINGULAR conjugation (This means that when we use a verb, such as falar [to speak], there is a unique way to conjugate falar - in the present indicative, it is tu falas).
VÓS This is the plural form of "you", or SECOND PERSON PLURAL. It is formal in Portugal. It is hardly ever used in the spoken language even in Portugal; it is still occasionally used in (formal) written communication in Portugal. It may also be encountered in literature, for example The Bible, in a similar way to some words such "Thee" and "Thou" in English. For example, Vós falais [you speak].
Você and VocêsEdit
These are the most common forms of 'you' in usage. If in doubt, they can be used in almost any situation.
VOCÊ This is the more commonly used form of "you" and is used between employees, friends, people of the same age and social standing. Again, it can be used only when you are talking to one person. It can be both mildly formal (in Portugal it is never informal) and informal (in Brazil). It is widely used in Brazil instead of tu. It uses the THIRD PERSON SINGULAR conjugation, which means we use the same form of the verb as with "he" or "she" - for instance, ele fala [he speaks] and você fala [you speak].
VOCÊS This has the same level of formality as the singular você, however, it used when talking to a group of people. It uses the THIRD PERSON PLURAL conjugation. That means that we use the same part of the verb as with 'they'. For instance, eles gostam [they like] and vocês gostam [you like]
O senhor and A senhoraEdit
These are the polite forms of 'you'. They are widely used.
O SENHOR and A SENHORA This is the formal version of "you" (one person), and is used when you don't know someone, or towards someone you should show respect to, for example, a boss or a teacher. O senhor is used when talking to a male, and a senhora when talking to a female. Like você, it uses the THIRD PERSON SINGULAR conjugation. So we can have Você fala or O senhor fala.
OS SENHORES and AS SENHORAS These two forms are, as you have probably guessed, the plural forms of o senhor and a senhora, respectively. We use them in the same situations as with o senhor and a senhora - but when we are talking to more than one person.
And what if we are talking to a group which is mixed? We use os senhores if the group is mixed. These forms, like vocês, use the THIRD PERSON PLURAL conjugation. So we can have eles comeram [they ate], vocês comeram [you ate], os senhores comeram [you ate] and as senhoras comeram [you ate] | <urn:uuid:6ef05f05-9584-4ea9-bc9b-d4f019d1fa02> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portuguese/Contents/How_to_say_%22you%22_in_Portuguese | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886123312.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823171414-20170823191414-00135.warc.gz | en | 0.944927 | 893 | 3.703125 | 4 |
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. Sirius or Canicula, a star of the first magnitude in the constellation Canis Major, the heliacal rising of which (see heliacal) occurring in the hottest part of the year gave name to the dog-days (which see). See also Canicula, and cut under Canis.
- n. astronomy A bluish-white star in the constellation Canis Major; Alpha (α) Canis Majoris. A vertex of the Winter Triangle and the brightest star in the night sky. It is actually a binary star with a white dwarf companion star.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. See in the Vocabulary.
- Sirius, a star of the constellation
Canis Major, or the Greater Dog, and the brightest star in the heavens; -- called also Canicula, and, in astronomical charts, α Canis Majoris. See dog days.
- n. the brightest star in the sky; in Canis Major
- From the fact that the star lies in the constellation of Canis Major (the "larger dog") (Wiktionary)
- The brightest star in the constellation Canis Major, the Big Dog. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
“Painless and subtle, the little stroke happened during the first night of the Dog Star month of Sextilis; all Marius noticed when he woke in the morning was that his pillow was wet where apparently he had drooled in his sleep.”
“And spring turned into summer, and summer into the dog days of Sextilis, when Sirius the Dog Star shimmered sullenly over a heat-paralyzed Rome.”
‘Dog Star’ hasn't been added to any lists yet.
Looking for tweets for Dog Star. | <urn:uuid:edb7a78f-6556-41ea-a377-f0f4a301da12> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.wordnik.com/words/Dog%20Star | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698354227/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095914-00081-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872464 | 402 | 3.265625 | 3 |
This Menstrual Hygiene Day, WaterAid is encouraging people around the world, whatever their gender or age, to challenge stigma around periods by dropping euphemisms and embracing clearer language and communication around menstruation.
In many parts of the world, a squeamishness around talking about periods holds women and girls back from being able to ask for the facilities and support they need – including decent, private toilets with water and soap available – to deal with their menstruation with dignity and comfort.
Every day, approximately, 800 million women and girls are on their periods, yet one-third of this population don’t have access to a decent toilet to manage their periods safely, hygienically and with dignity. Sadly, the shame and stigma around periods prevents women and girls from engaging in conversations on the importance of toilets in schools and in public places for menstrual hygiene management.
Euphemisms for periods are common in many cultures and are part of the secrecy and shame surrounding the natural bodily function that is a monthly occurrence for around half the world’s population during their lifetime.
In Nigeria, euphemisms like ‘Our monthly friend’, ‘It’s that time of the month’, ‘Women matter’, ‘I am flagging’, ‘It has started’, are ways of avoiding saying the words ‘period’ or ‘menstruation’. While some of the code words or names used for periods may be amusing, others support the notion that menstruation is a taboo and shameful.
Persisting taboos around menstruation, including the belief that a menstruating girl or woman is cursed or possessed by evil spirits, results in the exclusion of women and girls from socio-economic activities. Additionally, inadequate access to clean water, female friendly and inclusive decent toilets as well as good hygiene facilities has further devastating effects on their education, self-esteem and health. These impacts ultimately threaten the overarching aim of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – leave no one behind.
This year’s Menstrual Hygiene Day theme ‘It’s Time for Action’ emphasises the urgency of poor menstrual management as a public health issue and highlights the transformative power of improved menstrual hygiene to empower the world’s women and girls, and unlock their economic and educational opportunities.
WaterAid is calling on government, development partners and key stakeholders to step up commitments and take necessary action to educate more women and girls on safe menstrual hygiene practices; end negative social practices and challenge the stigmas by creating an enabling environment and ensure that women and girls, everywhere have access to hygienic menstrual products including clean water, decent toilets and good hygiene services.
Oluseyi Abdulmalik, WaterAid Nigeria’s Communications & Media Manager, said:
“It is not right that a significant issue like menstruation be shrouded with so much silence and taboo.Sadly, that is the common place in many parts of the country, forcing women and girls to bear the brunt of these persisting practices in the society.
From the experiences shared in our recent study on menstruation across Bauchi, Benue and Plateau states, major contributing factors to poor menstrual hygiene practices include poor knowledge about menstruation, unavailable and unaffordable sanitary materials and a lack of access to clean water, decent toilets and good hygiene facilities at home, schools, markets and other public spaces.
No woman and girl should live without these basic needs. Poor menstrual hygiene affects their health, livelihoods and education as well as hampers opportunities to make the most of their potential. We are calling on Government and relevant stakeholders to support and facilitate the integration of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in education, health and relevant sectors to enable the provision of inclusive WASH facilities and female friendly toilets in schools, health care facilities and public places for proper period management.”
Menstrual Hygiene Day was started by WASH United in 2014 to build awareness of the fundamental role that good menstrual hygiene management plays in helping women and girls reach their full potential. Proper menstrual hygiene management for women and girls requires inclusive water, sanitation and hygiene facilities in schools and public places; provision of protection materials at affordable rates; behavioural change and communication and a review of existing policies to address this important issue. | <urn:uuid:0952c676-8eb8-4e02-bbce-582dd5749f90> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://dotunroy.com/2019/05/28/menstruationmatters-wateraid-urges-nigerians-to-break-the-silence-end-the-stigma-around-menstruation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370496901.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330085157-20200330115157-00384.warc.gz | en | 0.928703 | 889 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Both communism and Marxism are systems of government in which the economic structure is controlled by the people. However, there are a few key differences between the two. Marxism is more focused on the liberation of the working class, while communism is more interested in creating a classless society. Additionally, Marx believed that socialism was a necessary stage before communism could be achieved, while communists believe that socialism and communism can exist simultaneously. Finally, Marx maintained that capitalism would eventually collapse under its own weight, while communists believe that it is possible to reform capitalism to make it more equitable for all people. While there are some differences between these two ideologies, they both share similar goals of improving the lives of ordinary people.
Who is Communism?
Communism is a political and economic theory that holds that the means of production should be owned by the community as a whole and that everyone should contribute according to their ability and receive according to their need. Communism is based on the idea of a classless society, in which there are no extremes of wealth and poverty, and all people work together for the common good. Communism has been tried in many different ways, but it has never been fully successful. In some cases, it has led to dictatorial regimes that have crushed individual liberties. In other cases, it has simply not been able to provide for the basic needs of the people. Communism remains an intriguing idea, but its feasibility remains to be seen.
Who is Marxism?
Marxism is a political and economic theory that was created by Karl Marx in the 19th century. Marxism is based on the idea of class conflict, and it argues that capitalism creates an unfair society where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Marxism also believes that workers should unite to overthrow the capitalist system and create a socialist society. Marxism has been influential in numerous social movements, and it has shaped the way we think about economics, politics, and history. Marxism is still relevant today, and it continues to be one of the most influential theories in the social sciences.
Difference between Communism and Marxism
Communism and Marxism are two political philosophies with a long history of debate. Both Communism and Marxism believe in a classless, stateless society, but there are important ways in which they differ. Communism is an economic system in which the means of production are owned by the community as a whole, and goods are distributed according to need. Marxism, on the other hand, is a social, political, and economic theory that emphasizes the importance of class struggle in bringing about social change. While Communism focuses on ownership of the means of production, Marxism emphasizes the importance of class conflict. As a result, Communism is often seen as more idealistic than Marxism.
The difference between communism and Marxism is that communists advocate for a classless society in which the government owns all property, while Marxists believe that socialism—a state in which the government controls key industries but allows some private ownership—is a necessary step on the road to communism. Both ideologies have been influential in shaping modern governments, and it’s important to understand their differences if we want to make sense of world events today. | <urn:uuid:21999a5a-44f0-42ea-abe2-9d2fad5e319b> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://differencebetweenz.com/difference-between-communism-and-marxism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948673.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327154814-20230327184814-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.978013 | 633 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Something we’ve been most wanting to write about for some time is copyright. How to avoid ripping off creators, and getting yourself in trouble by following the rules of sourcing images correctly, so it’s fitting that this is our first blog post.
It’s a pretty contentious issue – especially among graphic designers, photographers and artists to name a few, yet some social media publishers are completely unaware! That’s right – we want to talk about image use in Social Media.
Everyone knows great posts need great content – and great content needs great images. It’s a simple fact that people are more inclined to notice your blog post, article or any other type of message if it has a killer, eye-catching image associated. But where do these images come from?
That can be the tricky part. Great images are not generally free to use. If you’re just starting out on your social media journey you may not know that there are rules associated with using images, and just Googling isn’t really going to cut it.
First, let’s go back to the beginning, why would using someone’s image not be ok? There’s more at stake here than just “that photo is mine – not yours” like in primary school. Photographers, designers and artists make their living from creating beautiful imagery. If everyone took it for free how would they get paid? If they weren’t being paid how long would they continue making beautiful imagery?
Image Use in Social Media
Images are subject to copyright – which protect the creator of the image from having it used without their permission. Seems pretty fair, right? But it’s a bit more complicated than that unfortunately.
Obviously you can go about contacting the original creator of the image to ask if you can use it, although this can be difficult to ascertain and often too time consuming for the constructs of social media.
We think WhatIs.com had an excellent definition:
Fair use is a legal concept that allows the reproduction of copyrighted material for certain purposes without obtaining permission and without paying a fee or royalty. Purposes permitting the application of fair use generally include review, news reporting, teaching, or scholarly research. The idea of fair use originally arose for written works. But with the advent of digital technology and the Internet, fair use has sometimes been applied to the redistribution of musical works, photographs, videos, and computer programs.
So you CAN use images under Fair Use – but be careful, you will want to be sure the image is being used to demonstrate something for the public purpose – not necessarily your agenda.
Creative Commons is a way the creator of the image can allow its use under certain conditions. These conditions are generally to do with attribution (declaring the creator of the image), modification (whether you use the image in its original form or alter it), and whether the use is commercial or non-commercial.
Just a quick note – your business Facebook page should generally be considered commercial use.
There are loads of great ways to find Creative Commons images:
Images found under Creative Commons will not always be of good quality and attribution may not always be the most desirable.
Some images fall into the Public Domain, meaning they have been released to be used by the creator, the copyright holder has died or copyright is unable to be established. This is often the case with historical photos. Photos and images that have been released into the Public Domain is where we spend most of our image searching time and recommend you do too!
All content curators have their favourite Public Domain sites to find these images and our current favourite is Pixabay.com simply for the searchability and range of images available. We are going to give you a nice long list at the bottom of this post that we have been curating for some time with a lot of excellent options, because basically we really like you and we want to help!
Create Your Own
Of course, sometimes no matter how hard you search you will need to create your own images, or at the very least – enhance the ones you have been provided. We feel you shudder, don’t worry! You do NOT have to be a designer to do this. There are a few really great image creation tools if, like us, you are not fluent in Photoshop.
Our absolute favourite right now is Canva and we’ll tell you why – it’s super easy to use, has loads of free icons, backgrounds, fonts etc and can really enhance your content and so quickly.
Simply watermarking an image takes a mere second and creating an infographic won’t take valuable days – PLUS they have templates so you don’t have to remember all the specific sizes for each social media platform – very handy.
Obviously if your budget allows it you can buy stock images. There are a few places but the most popular are Shutterstock and Getty Images.
If you have your heart set on an image and you know you aren’t going to be able to use it in your works – consider sharing it from the original source. Many websites have images sharing functionality for you to share images to your social platforms, allowing you to add your own comment. If this is not the case try the creators’ social media accounts. If they have posted the image to say, Facebook, you can share that to your own page with your own comment. Bear in mind that their original text will also appear under the image too.
Sharing is a great way to be social with your community and we recommend sharing content from other accounts anyway – plus you get to use the image without fear!
To recap – check out where your images come from and be mindful of the need to attribute the original creator. Here’s an awesome flow chart from the legends at Lifehacker to help you!
We hope we have given some clarity to the use of images for social media.
We never want you to have to take down your content because you were ordered to do so by the original creator, or upset any artists by accidentally using their work without their permission.
We’d love your feedback! Leave us a comment or drop by our social media channels – and sharing is caring, feel free to share this with someone you think might get something out of it.
Our List of Public Domain or Image Creation/Alteration Sites
Download the full list of free image sites we’ve collected HERE for free!
We recommend finding your favourites and bookmarking them in a folder for easy use 🙂
Also you can sign up to sites like Death to Stock Photo and receive a new set of great photos to your inbox every month.
Let us know your favourites!
Or sign up to receive our newsletter for any updates and tips we find that might be useful, we never spam. | <urn:uuid:4546cbe8-bb5d-42e8-89a4-ba0d62df3793> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://carma.social/tag/copyright/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224652116.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605121635-20230605151635-00777.warc.gz | en | 0.938822 | 1,429 | 2.59375 | 3 |
|Carved door panel|
PRM 1884.62.36 © Pitt Rivers Museum
Objects like this are valuable treasures (taonga) featuring in the oral history and story telling, which is a strong part of Maori life. A Master Carver (Tohunga Whakairo) is an important person who has the ability to create in physical form the oral histories and stories of his tribe (iwi).
The preparations for this display involve researching the collection and I am eager to find out more about these interesting objects. When possible, I am taking photographs to make sure, even if you can't come to the Museum, you will be able to see these objects via the online Museum database.
I will keep you up to date on this display in future blogs.
Senior Assistant Curator | <urn:uuid:82ce9fa2-e3ec-47d4-9b79-6490322994d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://pittrivers-object.blogspot.com/2014/05/maori-carving-display.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818690016.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170924115333-20170924135333-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.925481 | 166 | 2.875 | 3 |
Acoustic engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with sound and vibration.
Unwanted noise can have a number of significant impacts, such as reducing people's health and wellbeing, causing hearing loss, and making it harder to learn (in a noisy classroom, for example). So acoustic engineers can really make people's lives better.
Acoustic engineers also design more positive uses of sound. In building acoustics, for example, they make sure that the design of concert halls and lecture theatres will allow audiences to hear music and speakers properly. They may also be involved in the design of public address systems.
In New Zealand, most acoustic engineers are employed by specialist acoustic engineering companies. They may also work in noise control and environmental health areas.
Are acoustic engineers the same as sound engineers?
No – sound engineers work at concerts and stage shows to make sure the music and voices are projected evenly to everybody in the audience. And sound technicians record voices and music for radio, television and films.
How much do acoustic engineers earn?
Key tertiary qualifications for acoustic engineers include:
Other acoustic engineers come from a range of different backgrounds, such as other areas of engineering, science or planning.
Required and recommended school subjects:
Other job roles you may be interested in: | <urn:uuid:e4219a6e-03b3-4807-9cfb-68191840b6b4> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://schools.futureintech.org.nz/152/jobroles/acoustic-engineer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689686.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923141947-20170923161947-00707.warc.gz | en | 0.963869 | 261 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Voices from the Field features contributions from scholars and practitioners highlighting new research, thinking, and approaches to development challenges. This article is authored by Ellen Starbird, director of the Office of Population and Reproductive Health at the U.S. Agency for International Development.
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) articulate seventeen goals for the world to collectively meet by 2030. The SDG document organizes the goals into five themes—people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership—but it’s still a lot to grasp, so finding lynchpins that connect the themes and goals will be important to their success. Voluntary family planning is one of those lynchpins, with clear connections across all five themes.
First, family planning affects people in myriad ways. It advances human rights, and saves lives. The 1968 International Conference on Human Rights proclaimed that “parents have a basic human right to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children.” However, in 2014, estimates indicated that 225 million women in low- and middle-income countries had unmet needs for modern contraceptive methods, meaning they want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using modern contraceptive methods.
The ability to access and use family planning can influence outcomes ranging from health and education to women’s empowerment. Family planning helps women time and space their pregnancies, so they can bear children at the healthiest times of their lives. This lowers the number of unintended and high-risk pregnancies, and reduces women’s exposure to pregnancy-related health risks.
Helping women time and space their pregnancies also contributes to reduced child malnutrition, healthy birth weight for newborns, and increased breastfeeding. Analyses indicate that by 2020, family planning could help prevent approximately seven million under-five deaths and 450,000 maternal deaths in USAID’s priority countries. Correct use of male or female condoms has dual benefits—preventing both transmission of the HIV virus and unintended pregnancy in HIV-positive women, thus preventing HIV transmission to the newborn.
Family planning also advances gender equality and strongly supports the empowerment of women and girls by helping them stay in school, become literate, learn a trade, or start a business. Women cannot take advantage of opportunities and resources equally with men if they cannot plan their families. A wealth of country-level studies document the impact of family planning programs, and provide guidance on how to reach all women, as well as marginalized and underserved populations.
Second, family planning use affects the planet. Population dynamics, including human population size, growth, density, and migration, are important drivers of environmental and natural resource degradation, including land, forests, biodiversity, water, and climate change. Population growth affects water scarcity, erodes renewable energy gains, and influences the development of sustainable urban infrastructure. In many countries, populations are growing so quickly that they are overwhelming governments’ abilities to provide education, health services, housing, drinking water, electricity, and waste disposal, contributing to the spread of urban slums. Slower population growth enables building a resilient infrastructure for health and economic development, where fewer government health and education services, including water, are required, and more land, electricity, and energy are available per person.
A 2015 report concluded that improving access to family planning can “slow global climate change by providing 16 to 29 percent of the needed emissions reductions.” And a 2015 review of integrated population, health, and environment (PHE) projects concluded “it is clear that PHE projects are having an impact…improving the health, well-being and environment of households and communities across diverse settings and landscapes.”
Third, family planning can facilitate economic prosperity. Rapid fertility decline, a result of increased family planning use, lowers the ratio of young people (dependents) to wage earners. With supportive socio-economic policies and attention to equity, countries can experience a “demographic dividend” of rapid economic growth. Family planning also contributes to economic growth by increasing the economic participation of women, and research has shown that having fewer children per family leads to increased household savings and increased investments in each child. Korea and Thailand, both demographic dividend success stories, represent strong examples of countries aligning population policy and family planning services with human capital development policies to accelerate economic growth.
Fourth, family planning can contribute to peace—to the development of stable, democratic societies. Studies have shown that a large “youth bulge” (defined as a high proportion of 15 to 29 year-olds relative to the older adult population) is associated with a high risk of civil conflict. The political impact of fertility decline can be significant: studies show that, as a country and its population age, the probability of attaining and maintaining a liberal democracy is increased.
Fifth, family planning progress requires new and continued partnerships. Despite recent increased donor and country-level attention to family planning and the potential contribution of family planning to the SDGs, family planning services continue to fall short of need in all developing regions. As we map out the global plan for tackling the SDGs, family planning partnerships at the global level, such as Family Planning 2020, the UN Commission on Life Saving Commodities, the Ouagadougou Partnership, and at the country level, with the public and private commercial sectors, foundations, civil society organizations, and non-health sector groups, will continue to be critical. Empowering women to choose the number, timing, and spacing of their pregnancies is not only a matter of health and human rights, but can hasten progress across the five themes of the new sustainable development goals.
Quite simply, family planning is a best buy, and can help make the world a better place for all of us. | <urn:uuid:22ea349e-af01-4fed-bccb-d6d1a6b2dbab> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.cfr.org/blog/family-planning-and-sdgs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371606067.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200405150416-20200405180916-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.946594 | 1,172 | 3.78125 | 4 |
At first sight dehydrated and dry skin may sound similar and refer to the same thing. In fact, this is not true. Dehydrated and dry skin refer to two different conditions of the skin. In this blog we will explain the difference between those two terms and we will tell you something more about the causes and treatments of these two conditions.
Our skin cells form a barrier that protects our internal system against external and environmental stress factors and helps to prevent trans-epidermal water loss. The upper skin layer (epidermis) can be represented as a “brick and mortar model”, consisting of a 2-compartment system with a discontinuous phase (brick) that represents the corneocytes and a continuous phase (mortar) that represents the lipids in the skin.
The skin cells renew and move upwards to the surface of the skin. During this renewal process they also form byproducts that help to build up the skin barrier. On the one hand there is the ‘natural moisturizing factor (NMF)’, consisting of a mix of substances which maintains the natural hydration level of the skin. On the other hand, there are also sterols, fatty acids and ceramides in the intercellular space of the skin that help to form the lipid bilayer of the skin. These 2 key components work together to form the skin barrier, that keeps the skin hydrated and resilient.
If your skin is dehydrated, it simply means that there is a (temporary) lack of water in the skin. The skin is not able to retain enough water into the different skin layers. A dehydrated skin is a skin condition and can happen to everyone, even people with an oily skin type can have a dehydrated skin. High water loss/dehydration can be caused by different factors affecting NMF’s and/or the lipid bilayer. There are a lot of external factors that can cause a dehydrated skin. The most common ones are:
- Temperature changes: cold, wind, sun exposure
- Hot showers and baths
- Central heating & air conditioning
- The wrong skincare products: harsh & aggressive ingredients
- An excessive lifestyle: alcohol, too much caffeine, smoking, lack of sleep, a poor diet
When we speak about a dry skin, we refer to a skin type that is lacking lipids (mortar) in the skin. In most cases a dry skin is genetically determined, although, it can also be caused by using oil-control products that are too harsh and strip of the natural intercellular lipid layer on the skin.
One cannot exist without the other?
It is important to know that a lack of water (dehydrated skin) and a low amount of oils and lipids (dry skin types) are closely associated. The “brick and mortar” structure of the skin, in which the mortar consists of lipids that act as gatekeepers of the skin to keep water into the skin, preventing its evaporation. When the lipid balance of the skin is disturbed (due to genetic and/or environmental factors), the structural integrity of the skin barrier is lost, resulting in an increase of the trans epidermal water loss. So dry skin inherently also leads to a dehydrated skin.
It is difficult to know whether your skin is dry or dehydrated, as they share similar characteristics when it comes to ‘the feeling of your skin’. Both conditions are often accompanied by a skin that feels tight and rough, looks dull and/or tired and has a flaking, scaling, cracking texture, with visible redness.
By examining your DNA, we can gain more insights into your skin profile. In the lab, Nomige investigates whether you have variations or mutations in the genes that help keep the skin barrier intact and help control the moisture balance; namely Fillagrin (FLG) and Aquaporin-3 (AQ3). Based on your DNA profile, we know what risks you are carrying for a dry/dehydrated skin and we develop products whose ingredients can help counteract these risks.
When you are suffering from a dry or dehydrated skin but we cannot find any risks in your DNA, external factors can also be the cause of your dehydrated skin. In this case it is important to first identify these external factors, by filling in our lifestyle test.
For a dehydrated skin it is primarily important to restore the water balance in the skin. This can be done by using hydrating agents, such as humectants. Examples of humectants are:
- Butylene glycol;
- Glycerin, probably the most popular;
- Propylene glycol;
- PCA (Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid);
- Lactic acid;
- Hyaluronic acid
While for a dry skin, restoring the lipid balance and maintaining a strong barrier is very important. This can be done by using skin-identical lipids to replenish the ‘mortar’ in between the cells. Examples are:
- Free fatty acids
Another, less favorable way of hydrating your skin, is via occlusion. Think about ingredients such as paraffinum liquidum, wax, …You simply add a layer to your skin making it ‘lazy’ instead of constructively restoring it. When you stop using such creams your skin will feel even more dry, so you end up in a viscous circle. The better alternative is to use skin care products containing skin identical lipids (such as ceramides, cholesterol, …), humectants (such as glycerin, ureum, …) or ideally a combination of both.
In addition to using the right moisturizer for your skin, avoid harsh cleansers that damage your natural skin barrier. If you want to know more about how to gently clean your skin, read our previous blog: ‘cleansing: why, how and when?’ | <urn:uuid:d2e59a20-da2d-4cce-874a-70ca6fdcf92b> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://nomige.com/en/blog/dry-skin-vs-dehydrated-skin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145989.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224224431-20200225014431-00430.warc.gz | en | 0.933465 | 1,239 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Ṭala‘a al-badru ‘alaynā (طلع البدر علينا) is the oldest and perhaps most widely sung Islamic traditional song in the world, originally recited by the inhabitants of Medina upon the Prophet’s ﷺ arrival. Only four lines long, it is learnt by heart and sung by Muslims, young and old, everywhere.
The most well-known translation into English is by Yusuf Islam, “O the White Moon Rose Over Us”, which retains the meter of the Arabic original.
ṭalaʿal badru ‘alaynaa
min thaniyyaatil wadaa‘(ee)
wajabash shukru ‘alaynaa
maa da‘aa lillaahi daa‘(ee)
ayyuhal mab‘oothu feenaa
ji’ta bil amril muṭaa‘(ee)
ji’ta sharraftal madeenah
marḥaban yaa khayra daa‘(ee)
Translated by Yusuf Islam
O the White Moon rose over us
From the valley of Wadā‘,
And we owe it to show gratefulness,
Where the call is to Allah!
O you who were raised amongst us,
Coming with a word to be obeyed,
You have brought to this city nobleness.
Welcome best caller to God’s way! | <urn:uuid:c9d8cd9d-46f3-4cfb-a267-fe8d01851d79> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | http://muslimhymns.com/talaa-al-badru-alayna/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250599789.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120195035-20200120224035-00145.warc.gz | en | 0.835233 | 326 | 2.71875 | 3 |
With the stiff competition that the world is facing, even children need to gear up and prepare for the future.
It is a well-known fact that to be successful in the professional exams, one needs to learn continuously. It is not always the best result that gets you somewhere, but it is always your knowledge. Day before exams, children mug up and read everything, but they also tend to forget if they do not have writing practice or sample test practices. One might not know, but taking sample tests before exams can do wonders for your child. You may know this, but you still count on reading as much as you can before exams. It is actually a wrong technique! Giving sample tests every time you go for exams is a good habit and can really improve your child’s writing skills.
There are various skills that a student can gain by giving these sample tests before exams. When you go online, you will find a bunch of exams and sample test papers for your child no matter what exam he is preparing for. His writing skills, time management during exams, techniques to solve questions, all these will improve with time. He will learn about the types of questions and things related to his subjects, which will make it easy for him to answer them in the exam. No matter what grade you child studies in, sample papers before exams will always do good. Even if the child is preparing for professional exams, there are lots of sites that provide you with the sample test papers and even solved solutions to them. These sites also have past question papers that your child can solve and know what to expect in exams.
The practice test sites do help your child a lot as they reduce the pressure on your child and also help them to become familiar with the exam environment. Often children become nervous entering the exam centres due to fear, pressure and stress. Answering sample papers before exams will reduce the amount of pressure for your child and they will be less fearful of these exams. The way these sample exam papers work is similar to the exam environment. In case you make any mistakes, there is possibility that you can correct them and know where you are going wrong. When it comes to exams, you cannot correct the mistakes that you make, but these sample test papers give you an opportunity to know from mistakes and not repeat them in the actual exams.
Mugging test books one day before exams builds a lot of pressure and your child might also forget a lot of these learnt things. By giving sample tests you know which lessons to concentrate on and what mistakes not to make. Taking sample papers will also allow your child to manage the time constraint and know the pattern of different questions that can be expected in the actual exam. | <urn:uuid:8f25adbd-9997-42b5-b2a2-e3a0cab84c75> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://njasksampletestperp.wordpress.com/2013/03/12/achieving-success-in-your-exams-with-sample-tests/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323680.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628120308-20170628140308-00202.warc.gz | en | 0.973115 | 548 | 2.546875 | 3 |
In the last post I explained how increased blood acidity during high intensity or anaerobic exercise causes fatigue, as the brain works to prevent blood acidity becoming too high. Today let’s look at two potential nutrition strategies to buffer the rise in acidity and enhance high intensity performance –bicarbonate loading and beta-alanine.
Sodium Bicarbonate – A powerful but short term buffering agent
One of the body’s natural systems for buffering the rise in acidity during exercise is the presence of bicarbonate in the blood. Bicarbonate is a naturally occurring substance in the blood, which reacts with the hydrogen (which is what causes acidity in the blood) to neutralise it’s acid effect. Increasing the level of bicarbonate in the blood increases blood pH (reduces acidity) prior to exercise. This allows a greater level of lactate to be produced without causing fatigue and the subsequent drop in exercise pace or intensity (due to reduced pH).
Sodium bicarbonate has been used as a sports supplement for several years now in sports requiring short, high intensity efforts (40 seconds up to 5 minutes). It can be given in several forms including capsules (such as Sodibic) and in a flavoured powder together with sodium citrate (sold as Ural, primarily used to treat urinary tract infections). But pure sodium bicarbonate is a cheap and common household product – Bicarb soda. Either way it’s taken as a single dose in the lead up to exercise.
The effect of bicarbonate on the blood pH is temporary so the timing of supplement intake is very important. It’s been used with success in track cycling, swimming, rowing and middle distance athletics events (typically 400-1500m), however it’s not beneficial in longer duration exercise which finishes with a high intensity effort (eg. sprint finishes to a cycling road race that’s been going for several hours). It can be used for maximising high intensity training (and subsequent adaptation), and for one-off competition performance in events lasting 30 seconds to 7 minutes.
How to take it & how to prevent side-effects
The optimal dose of sodium bicarb to provide a benefit to performance is around 0.3 grams per kilogram of body weight. So for a 70kg athlete that’s 0.3 X 70 = 21 grams. This is easily controlled using capsules of a know amount, or by weighing out bicarb soda powder.
There is a distinct downside to sodium bicarbonate supplementation if you’re not careful of how you take it – many athletes experience gastrointestinal problems such as bloating and diarrhoea as a side effect. This is because large amounts of sodium bicarb in the gut causes water to be drawn into the intestinal tract to dilute it. I was lecturing for cycling coaches last year and asked one participant (an ex-Olympic track cycling medallist) about his experience bicarb loading. His response – “I’d get to the starting line not knowing if I was going to s%&t my pants or not!”
However recent research has shed some light on the most effective protocols for bicarb loading, to maximise the benefits and minimise side effects. Just this month a new study from the Australian Institute of Sport was published, comparing eight different methods of bicarb loading. Sodium bicarb in capsule or powder form (bicarb soda) worked better than Ural, both for raising pH before exercise and for minimising side effects. Ideally it should be taken around three hours before competition, and consumed with plenty of water (around 7mL per kilogram of body weight, or 490mL for a 70kg athlete). Having a high carbohydrate meal or snack at the same time also reduced the side effects.
Finally, the timing of bicarb loading is also important. Research shows that the maximum effect of bicarb loading on blood pH occurs between 2-3 hours after consumption, so taking bicarb 2-3 hours before a training session or competition will achieve the maximum benefit to performance.
As described in the previous post, beta–alanine is one half of the carnosine molecule, which in the muscle acts as a buffer before the hydrogen ions are released into the blood. Beta-alanine is the limiting factor for the body to produce carnosine, so beta-alanine supplements increase the body’s carnosine stores in the muscle.
Unlike bicarbonate where a single dose is used a couple of hours before training or competition, beta-alanine slowly increases carnosine stores over a prolonged period of time. Carnosine stores can also remain elevated for a few weeks after supplementation is ceased. The more beta-alanine given, the faster the increase in muscle carnosine.
As beta-alanine has only been widely known in the last five or so years, there is still only limited research about which sports benefit from its use. Certainly the sports that benefit from bicarbonate loading will probably also benefit from beta-alanine supplementation. The other benefit may be for longer races where short bursts of anaerobic exercise make the difference between winning and losing, such as mountain biking, adventure racing and road cycling.
How to take it & how to prevent side-effects
Recommended loading protocols for beta-alanine state that 3000-5000mg a day should be consumed to maximise carnosine stores over about 8 weeks. However there’s a limit to the amount of beta-alanine you can consume in one go, due to the often severe side effects experienced when taking large doses at once. The side effects are known as paraesthesia (flushing or pins and needles) and occur when blood beta-alanine levels become too high. This usually occurs with doses of more than about 800mg at a time.
Beta-alanine is available commercially in Australia in both powder and capsule form. The powder can be simply put on a teaspoon in your mouth and washed down with water. Some (but not all) capsules provide a slow release of beta-alanine, allowing you to consume larger doses (around 1500-2000mg in one go) without side effects. Taking beta-alanine (powder or capsules) just after a meal also helps to minimise paraesthesia by slowing down stomach emptying and the absorption into the blood. These strategies allow you to take say 3 doses of 1600mg across the day, much more convenient than 6 doses of 800mg.
Combining Bicarb Loading and Beta-alanine
In the last couple of years researchers have started to investigate whether the effects of bicarb loading and beta-alanine are additive (ie. do you get an even greater benefit from taking both). Theoretically there is no reason why this shouldn’t be the case, since bicarb buffers in the blood and beta-alanine buffers in the muscle.
Only one study to date has been published that looks at this. However it used a method which is not preferred because it doesn’t simulate typical sports. They found that bicarb loading in addition to beta-alanine supplementation resulted in a 4.1% improvement in Time To Exhaustion at a fixed pace of cycling, however there was a 7% probability that this could have occurred by chance.
The Australian Institute of Sport commenced a study last year looking at the benefits of their swimmers taking both supplements together, however the results have not been published as yet.
Bicarbonate loading increases the pH (reduces aciditiy) in the blood. This allows athletes to produce more blood lactate without a fall in pH (and the subsequent fatigue and reduction in pace). Bicarb can be taken in capsules or in powder form (as bicarb soda dissolved in water). The optimal protocol to is to consume 0.3g/kg body weight with 7mL/kg water and a high carb meal, about 2-3 hours prior to exercise. This maximises the benefits whilst minimising the side effects.
Beta-alanine supplementation increases the store of carnosine in the muscle. Carnoisine buffers against rising acidity in the muscle, therefore delaying the rise in blood acidity and enhancing high intensity exercise performance. Beta-alanine can be taken in powder form or capsules. To get the maximum benefit take 3000-5000mg a day (split into doses of 800mg, or 1600mg of slow release capsules) for around eight weeks prior to competition. Taking your beta-alanine just after a meal also helps to minimise side effects.
Finally, the jury is still out as to whether the combination of bicarb loading and beta-alanine will provide even greater benefit compared to one or the other. Theoretically it should, however we await research results for this to be confirmed. | <urn:uuid:6b33f1ac-92d8-40f1-b2de-e59611bf1d5c> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://nextlevelnutrition.blogspot.com/2011/05/buffers-sodium-bicarbonate-beta-alanine.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886133449.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170824101532-20170824121532-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.927687 | 1,844 | 2.78125 | 3 |
U.S. Presidents, Small Business, and Entrepreneurs
If there is one thing that presidents are good at, it is talking about how important small business and entrepreneurship are to the American economy. But were any of them actually responsible at any point, for running their own small businesses? You’d think that all of them were, based on the things they say while in office or on the campaign trail. Consider this small sampling of quotable quotes:
Barack Obama: ”I think Ronald Reagan. .. tapped into [the fact that people wanted] a return to that sense of dynamism and entrepreneurship that had been missing.”
George W. Bush: ”Prosperity results from entrepreneurship and ingenuity.”
Ronald Reagan: ”Entrepreneurs and their small enterprises are responsible for almost all the economic growth in the United States.”
Calvin Coolidge: ”The chief business of the American people is business.”
So it turns out that yes, many of our presidents were in fact small business owners, but some sure were more successful than others.
What We Can Learn From Presidents Who Were Also Business Owners
Certainly our first presidents had, if not small businesses, at least then an entrepreneurial bent. Prior to leading the continental army, George Washington was a farmer. John Adams, James Madison, and James Monroe were all lawyers (among other occupations), and take it from me, that too constitutes owning and running a small business.
But it was really with the advent of the presidency of Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) that a president actively courted and promoted small business. Jackson railed against the power of the big banks of the time (The Bank of the United States) and as a populist, he actively fostered small business and entrepreneurship, which was maybe not surprising since his early career was as a “frontier lawyer.”
While many people know that Abraham Lincoln was also a lawyer, what they may not know is that he was most definitely an entrepreneur too, if not the most successful one. In 1833, Lincoln and William Berry opened a general store (with Lincoln going into debt to finance his share of the business). The business failed a year later and Lincoln’s possessions were seized by the sheriff. (Noteworthy: When his ex-partner Barry died shortly thereafter, Lincoln assumed Barry’s debts too, even though he did not have to, and eventually paid them all off.) In addition,
• Lincoln co-owned a law practice
• Lincoln created an invention and received a patent
Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) was quite the entrepreneur. He bought a newspaper that was going out of business when he was only 19 (although he had to borrow his share of the $300 total paid). Not long after, the paper, the Marion Star, became so successful that it earned income for Harding for the next several decades while he was off running for office.
In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt contracted polio and lost the use of his legs. After hearing about a boy who regained the use of his legs using a hydrotherapy treatment program in Warm Springs, Georgia, FDR worked to raise funds and turned the spa into a healing center for polio victims. The effort culminated in the creation of the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation.
Harry Truman (1945-1953) was famously a haberdasher before becoming president, but the truth is a little more interesting. After serving in World War I, Truman opened a clothing store in Kansas City, but after a successful run, the store fell on hard times and eventually went bankrupt.
Similarly, Jimmy Carter was known as “the peanut farmer from Georgia” but the truth is again far more interesting. After a stint in the Navy, Carter took over the family peanut farm yes, but it turned out that he was also a savvy businessperson and eventually grew that small farm into a multi-million dollar business that included warehouses, a peanut-shelling plant, and farm equipment supplies.
Upon his election to the presidency, Carter put the business in a trust, only to find he was almost broke once he left the White House four years later. Again his entrepreneurial skills helped when he turned things around again, becoming a best-selling author and speaker, founding the Carter Center, and becoming a millionaire in the process.
Even More Recently, Both President Bushes Were Entrepreneurs
• Bush the elder started the Bush-Overby Oil Development company in 1951 and soon thereafter co-founded the Zapata Petroleum Corporation; a venture that later made him a millionaire.
• George W. Bush, while not nearly as successful as his father in the oil business, invested $800,000 in the Texas Rangers baseball team and later sold that share for $15 million.
Clinton did not enter or leave office rich, but his estimated wealth today tops $100 million, mostly from speaking fees, and you bet, speakers are small business owners too.
So maybe it is not surprising that our presidents speak so often about small business – they know the joys, and sorrows, that come with it.
(Thanks to Inc. for some of the source material in this article. photo credit: awesonedc.com) | <urn:uuid:d5a58ddb-2351-4c4a-b8b8-2fda0386c5e2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://theselfemployed.com/coffee-break/the-secret-small-business-history-of-the-presidents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710115542/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131515-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982841 | 1,082 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Are you curious about what a fish aquarium needs? Well, we've got you covered!
In this article, we'll dive into the essentials that every fish aquarium requires. From filtration systems to proper lighting and water temperature control, we'll provide you with all the information you need to create a thriving aquatic environment.
So, let's explore together and ensure that your fishy friends feel right at home in their new habitat!
- The tank size should be appropriate for the type and number of fish, considering their potential growth and swimming space needs.
- A filtration system is essential for removing impurities from the water, promoting beneficial bacteria growth, and maintaining proper water circulation and oxygenation.
- Temperature control is important to maintain a stable water temperature for the health of the fish, and it can be achieved through the use of heaters or cooling methods.
- Proper lighting, whether LED or artificial, is necessary to provide intensity, regulate fish behavior, and promote natural fish behavior through color temperature and moonlight effects.
What does a fish aquarium need
When it comes to setting up a fish aquarium, there are several key components that are essential for creating a suitable and comfortable environment for the fish. These include a proper filtration system, adequate lighting, and a reliable heating system to maintain the water temperature. Additionally, decor and substrate play an important role in mimicking the natural habitat of the fish and providing hiding spots and areas for exploration.
Water quality maintenance is crucial for the health of your fish. Regular testing of water parameters such as pH, ammonia levels, nitrate, and nitrite levels is necessary to ensure optimal conditions. This can be achieved through regular water changes and proper use of chemical treatments if needed.
Feeding your fish a balanced diet is vital for their well-being. Different species have different dietary requirements, so it is important to research their specific needs and provide them with appropriate food. Maintenance and cleaning tasks such as removing debris from the tank, cleaning the filters regularly, and monitoring algae growth are also crucial aspects of keeping an aquarium healthy and thriving.
When setting up a fish aquarium, there are several key components to consider.
First and foremost is the tank size and considerations. It is important to choose a tank that is appropriate for the type and number of fish you plan to keep, taking into account their potential growth and needs for swimming space.
Next, a reliable filtration system is essential in maintaining a clean and healthy environment for your fish. This will help remove waste, toxins, and excess nutrients from the water, promoting optimal water quality.
Additionally, temperature control and proper lighting are crucial factors in creating an ideal habitat for your fish. Maintaining a consistent temperature within the recommended range ensures their well-being, while providing adequate lighting supports their natural rhythms, growth, and overall vitality.
Tank Size and Considerations
To properly accommodate your fish, you'll need to consider the tank size and any relevant considerations.
The tank size plays a crucial role in providing a suitable environment for your fish. It affects water requirements, fish compatibility, and even their behavior. Additionally, it determines the ease of tank setup, proper aeration, and maintenance.
A larger tank allows for a higher fish population while still maintaining good water quality. Tank decoration also adds aesthetic appeal and provides hiding spots for your fish.
You should consider the type of filtration system that best suits your aquarium setup. There are various filtration types available, each with its own advantages.
Filtration media plays a crucial role in removing impurities from the water. It is important to ensure proper water circulation and oxygenation for the well-being of your fish.
Chemical filtration helps remove toxins, while biological filtration promotes beneficial bacteria growth.
Regular maintenance is key to keeping your filtration system running smoothly. Troubleshooting issues such as noise reduction and energy efficiency are also essential considerations for a successful aquarium setup.
Maintaining a stable water temperature is crucial for the health and well-being of your fish. To help you achieve this, there are various temperature control options available for your aquarium. You can use heaters to warm up the water during colder months or cooling methods like fans or chillers to lower the temperature in hot climates. It's important to monitor the temperature regularly using thermometers and ensure it stays within the ideal range for your specific fish species. Sudden temperature fluctuations can be harmful, so it's essential to maintain a stable temperature by adjusting heating or cooling methods accordingly, especially during seasonal changes. By regulating the water temperature effectively, you can create an environment that promotes the overall health and happiness of your fish.
|Temperature Control Techniques||Advantages|
|Heater Options||- Maintains desired warmth|
- Wide range of options available
- Easy to install and use
|Cooling Methods||- Keeps water cool in hot climates|
- Prevents overheating
- Enhances oxygen levels
Remember that different fish species have specific temperature requirements, so research their ideal range before making any adjustments. Additionally, fluctuations in water temperature may affect fish behavior and metabolism, potentially leading to stress or illness if not addressed promptly. Therefore, investing in proper equipment and consistently monitoring the tank's temperature will help create a stable and comfortable environment for your aquatic pets.
Proper lighting in your aquarium is crucial for the growth and well-being of your fish. It helps create a natural environment, mimicking their natural habitat.
Here are five important factors to consider when it comes to aquarium lighting:
LED lighting: Energy-efficient and long-lasting, LED lights provide excellent light intensity for your aquarium.
Natural plants: Live plants not only add beauty but also help maintain water quality by absorbing excess nutrients.
Artificial plants: If you prefer low-maintenance options, artificial plants can still provide visual appeal without needing care.
Lighting duration: Fish require a consistent lighting schedule to regulate their internal clock and behavior.
Color temperature and moonlight effect: Matching the color temperature of daylight and providing a moonlight effect during nighttime hours promotes natural fish behavior.
Decor and Substrate
When setting up an aquarium, it's crucial to consider the substrate, decorations, and hiding spots for your fish.
The substrate provides a natural environment for the fish and helps maintain water quality by harboring beneficial bacteria.
Decorations not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of the tank but also provide essential hiding places for shy or territorial fish.
To keep your fish happy and healthy, you'll need to choose the right substrate for your aquarium. Here are some important things to consider when selecting the substrate:
Gravel types: There are various options available, such as natural gravel, colored gravel, or sand.
Plant compatibility: Some substrates may be better suited for live plants, providing them with nutrients.
Cleaning methods: Certain substrates can make it easier or more difficult to clean your aquarium.
Algae control: The type of substrate you choose can affect algae growth in your tank.
Oxygenation techniques: Some substrates can help promote oxygen exchange in the water.
Considering these factors will ensure a suitable environment for both your fish and plants.
Decorations and Hiding Spots
A great addition to your aquarium setup would be decorations and hiding spots for your fish. These elements not only enhance the visual appeal of your tank, but also provide essential shelter and stimulation for your aquatic friends. Consider incorporating a variety of options such as artificial plants, caves and tunnels, rock formations, driftwood and branches, colorful ornaments, natural hiding spots, floating decorations, submerged structures, coral and shells, as well as aquatic-themed decorations. Creating a diverse environment with these features will make your fish feel secure and at home.
|Artificial plants||Caves and tunnels|
|Rock formations||Driftwood and branches|
|Colorful ornaments||Natural hiding spots|
|Floating decorations||Submerged structures|
|Coral and shells||Aquatic themed decor|
Remember to arrange these elements strategically throughout the tank to ensure that every fish has access to their own personal hideaway. By providing a range of hiding spots in different areas of the aquarium, you can create a sense of belonging for each individual fish while promoting exploration and territorial behaviors. So go ahead and let your creativity flow as you design an underwater paradise that both you and your fish can enjoy!
Water Quality Maintenance
When it comes to maintaining a healthy fish aquarium, one of the most important factors to consider is water quality. This includes monitoring and managing various water parameters such as pH level, temperature, ammonia levels, and nitrate levels.
Regular testing is crucial in order to ensure that these parameters are within the appropriate range for the specific type of fish being kept.
Maintaining proper water parameters is crucial for the health of your fish in an aquarium. To ensure a healthy environment, here are some key factors to consider:
- pH levels: Maintain a stable pH range suitable for your fish species.
- Ammonia control: Regularly test and remove any excess ammonia to prevent toxic buildup.
- Nitrate levels: Keep nitrate levels low through regular water changes and filtration.
- Oxygenation needs: Provide adequate oxygenation by using air stones or aeration devices.
- Beneficial bacteria: Cultivate beneficial bacteria to aid in waste breakdown and maintain water quality.
These factors, along with proper water circulation, algae control, and monitoring of water hardness and salinity levels, will help create an optimal habitat for your fish.
Regularly testing the water parameters is essential to ensure a healthy environment for our fish in the aquarium. By monitoring pH levels, ammonia levels, nitrate levels, nitrite levels, water hardness, water clarity, and water temperature, we can take proactive steps to maintain optimal conditions for our aquatic friends. This table provides a quick reference guide for testing frequency and ideal ranges:
|Parameter||Testing Frequency||Ideal Range|
|Ammonia Levels||Weekly||0 ppm|
|Nitrate Levels||Monthly||<40 ppm|
|Nitrite Levels||Monthly||0 ppm|
|Water Hardness||Monthly||50-150 ppm|
Regular testing not only helps with algae control but also plays a crucial role in disease prevention.
Nutrition and Feeding
When it comes to maintaining a healthy and thriving aquarium, one key aspect that cannot be overlooked is the nutrition and feeding of the fish. Properly feeding your fish with the right type of food and following a consistent schedule is crucial for their overall well-being.
In this discussion, we will delve into the importance of choosing appropriate fish food, understanding their dietary needs, and establishing a feeding schedule that caters to their specific requirements.
Fish Food and Schedules
Feeding your fish properly is essential for their health and well-being. To ensure you meet their nutritional requirements, consider the following tips:
- Feeding habits: Observe your fish's feeding behavior to understand their preferences.
- Feeding frequency: Feed small amounts multiple times a day or as recommended for specific species.
- Fish diet: Provide a balanced diet including dry flakes, frozen foods, and live prey if necessary.
- Feeding techniques: Use appropriate tools like feeding rings or floating food to control portions and prevent waste.
- Feeding mistakes: Avoid overfeeding, as it can lead to water pollution and health issues.
Following a proper feeding schedule will keep your fish healthy and happy.
Maintenance and Cleaning
When it comes to maintaining a fish aquarium, routine cleaning is an essential task. It ensures the overall health and well-being of the aquatic ecosystem. Regularly removing debris, algae, and waste from the tank helps maintain water clarity and prevents the build-up of harmful substances.
Performing regular water changes is crucial for replenishing essential minerals and nutrients. It also helps in diluting toxins that may accumulate over time. This is important for the overall health of the fish and other aquatic organisms in the tank.
Routine cleaning of a fish aquarium involves regular water changes and wiping down the glass. To maintain a clean and healthy environment for our fish, we follow a thorough cleaning schedule that includes several important tasks:
- Algae control: We regularly scrub away any algae growth on the glass and decorations.
- Gravel vacuuming: Using a gravel vacuum, we remove waste and debris from the substrate.
- Filter maintenance: We clean and replace filter media to ensure proper function.
- Water testing: Regularly testing water parameters helps us monitor and maintain water quality.
- Changing water: Partial water changes are done to refresh the aquarium and remove excess nutrients.
Regular water changes are essential for maintaining a clean and healthy environment for our fish. Water quality is crucial to the well-being of our aquatic friends. By performing regular water changes, we can effectively control ammonia levels, nitrate levels, and maintain a proper pH balance.
Additionally, water changes help prevent the buildup of algae by removing excess nutrients that fuel its growth. It is important to use a water conditioner when adding new water and regularly test the water parameters.
Don't forget to perform gravel vacuuming and algae scrubbing during water changes to ensure optimal cleanliness for our fish.
Maintaining a healthy ecosystem balance is crucial for the overall well-being of our aquatic friends. To ensure the ecosystem health in our fish aquariums, we need to consider several factors:
- Aquatic plants: They provide oxygen and help maintain water quality by absorbing excess nutrients.
- Fish compatibility: Choosing compatible fish species helps prevent stress and aggression.
- Water chemistry: Monitoring ammonia, nitrate levels, and pH is essential for fish health.
- Algae control: Maintaining proper lighting and using algae-eating fish can help control algae growth.
- Beneficial bacteria: These bacteria break down waste and maintain water quality.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Often Should I Clean My Fish Aquarium?
We clean our fish aquarium regularly to maintain proper filtration and water quality. Water changes are important, and we use the best cleaning tools to remove algae. Plants help with maintenance, and we test water parameters regularly to ensure a stable pH level. We also prevent and treat common fish diseases and clean the aquarium substrate as part of our regular maintenance schedule.
Can I Keep Different Species of Fish Together in the Same Aquarium?
In order to create a peaceful and harmonious tank, it is important to consider fish compatibility when keeping different species together in the same aquarium. Understanding fish aggression and social behavior is key to choosing compatible fish and managing aggression when introducing new fish.
What Type of Lighting Should I Use for My Fish Aquarium?
LED lighting is the best option for aquariums due to its energy efficiency and customizable features. Proper lighting is essential for fish tanks as it affects fish behavior, health, and plant growth. Different color temperatures can be chosen based on the type of aquarium and personal preferences.
How Often Should I Feed My Fish and What Type of Food Is Recommended?
When it comes to feeding our fish, we should establish a proper feeding schedule, considering their nutritional requirements. Choosing the right fish food and employing recommended feeding techniques are crucial. It's important to offer a variety in their diet, while being mindful of the risks of overfeeding. Adjusting the amount of food based on the size of our fish is also necessary, as different species have specific feeding considerations. Additionally, we should be aware of any seasonal changes in their eating habits and monitor their appetite to determine the appropriate feeding frequency.
What Is the Ideal Water Temperature for a Fish Aquarium?
For a fish aquarium, the ideal water temperature is crucial. Proper filtration, tank size requirements, and maintaining water quality are all essential. Regular testing, choosing the right substrate, and heating options help maintain temperature. Oxygenation plays a vital role too. Tropical fish species require special considerations in terms of temperature. Understanding the nitrogen cycle and monitoring pH levels are also important for overall aquarium health. | <urn:uuid:e8a133d6-aed8-4c13-9a34-88ad47287eca> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.ritarrashepherds.co/what-does-a-fish-aquarium-need | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511364.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004084230-20231004114230-00849.warc.gz | en | 0.899943 | 3,383 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Archeologists certainly do. The Red Lady made her social debut in 1823 when she was discovered by Rev. William Buckland as he explored a network of limestone caves in Wales. Part of an ancient, ceremonial burial site, her skeleton lay coated in red ochre, a claylike pigment, accompanied by seashell necklaces and carved mammoth ivory. The first human fossil ever discovered, she still managed to hide her age quite well: Buckland estimated her to be from the first century Roman occupation of Britain, but radiocarbon dating now shows she lived in the Paleolithic era, around 33,000 years ago. The Red Lady also kept a secret from the man who discovered and named her: she was actually a male. | <urn:uuid:2a5dc1b9-b853-4534-bea0-f5be21052df3> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://blog.uncommongoods.com/2013/uncommon-knowledge-loves-red-lady-paviland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500824970.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021344-00097-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973666 | 149 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Sometimes, I venture out into the world and meet new people, not very often, but it happens. Inevitably, someone asks what I do. The conversation goes like this:
“What do you do?”
“I’m an archivist.”
“Oh, an architect!”
“No, an archivist. It’s like a librarian but with unpublished papers instead of books.”
“Oh, you mean an arCHIVist.”
[Suppressing a sigh] “Sure.”
Then my new friend says how interesting it must be and ask what I’m working on, and lately, I’ve been working on records from turnpike companies. This gets more questions, and many people are surprised to learn that many roads were built by private companies. They were toll roads, operated privately, and usually ran as corporations with stock holders and dividends.
The earliest turnpike to come through Montgomery County was the first in Pennsylvania. It was built in 1792 and ran from Philadelphia to Lancaster, passing through four miles of Lower Merion along the way. Germantown Pike was built by the Germantown and Perkiomen Turnpike Company, beginning in 1801.
According to Frederick C. Swinehart’s article “The Turnpikes of Pennsylvania” (HSMC Bulletin, V. IX, April, 1955), by 1821 there were 146 turnpikes authorized in Pennsylvania. Not all of them would be built, however. It was not uncommon for the companies to fail to sell all their stock.
The Historical Society has records from several of the turnpike companies, including the Norristown, Bridgeport and King of Prussia Turnpike Road Company, now DeKalb Pike. Originally chartered in 1848, construction began in 1853. Shares in the company were sold for $10 apiece. Investors didn’t see a dividend until 1885. Soon after that, the road was “freed,” meaning it was transferred to public ownership (the company received $11,000 in this case) and tolls were no longer collected.
We also have records for the Plymouth and Upper Dublin Turnpike (Butler Pike). Started in 1853, it wasn’t until 1857 that the company was ready to collect tolls. Charles Dewees was paid $5 a month and use of a house and two acres for manning the tollgate at Broad Axe.
A toll house on York Road in Cheltenham
When automobiles began appearing on the roads, some of the turnpike companies decided to take advantage of what was then a luxury only the very rich could afford. The Chestnut Hill and Springhouse Turnpike (now Bethlehem Pike) raised the toll from 1 or 2 cents a mile to 25 cents a mile. When the Springhouse and Sumneytown Turnpike did the same, drivers in Norristown went to court. The company settled outside of court. Rates were lowered to 2 cents a mile for a 1 seat car and 3 cents for a two seat car.
The tolls on the Springhouse and Hilltown Turnpike in 1917
Cars brought new problems as well. In 1913, an automobile accident on the Springhouse and Hilltown Turnpike caused headaches for the company. Soon after the accident, correspondence of the board of managers begins to question if the company could be maintained much longer. It was freed in 1921.
The last privately held turnpike on our county was the Springhouse and Penllyn Turnpike. It was freed in 1923. | <urn:uuid:598655a3-1ebf-4870-9b3f-6a3e3fa8c5bf> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://hsmcpa.org/index.php/component/k2/item/50-turnpikes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657146845.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713194203-20200713224203-00497.warc.gz | en | 0.97892 | 763 | 2.8125 | 3 |
When to suspect lung cancer, and what to do
X-ray reveals malignant tumor (orange and purple) at the hilum of the lung (green)
At a glance
- Lung cancer is one of the few cancers with a well-defined etiology -- inhalation of tobacco smoke.
- Patients at high risk for lung cancer should decide with their clinician whether or not to undergo regular screening.
- In the case of an abnormal chest x-ray, the patient should undergo a chest CT for further evaluation.
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States. In this year alone, an estimated 174,470 new cases (92,700 among men and 81,770 among women) will be diagnosed. They will account for approximately 12% of all new cancer diagnoses, and not surprisingly, most cases will be found in former smokers.
The average age of a person diagnosed with lung cancer is 70, and the chance that a man will develop it is 1 in 13; in a woman, that risk is 1 in 17. These figures take into account all people and do not include smoking history.1 Among subgroups, African-American men experience the highest rates (31.3%), followed by white men (26.4%) and Hispanic men (25.0%). Among women, rates in whites and African Americans are similar (22.9% and 22.5%, respectively), whereas incidence among Hispanic women is significantly lower (12.7%). Overall, women comprise 40% of all lung cancer cases; the disease has surpassed breast cancer as the most common cause of female cancer death.2 Areas in which tobacco farming has been indigenous — such as Kentucky and West Virginia — have a higher incidence (32.2%). In states where smoking is less common, such as Utah, the prevalence is much lower at 17.1%.3
Environmental risk factors?
Lung cancer is one of the few cancers with a well-defined etiology — inhalation of tobacco smoke. In fact, smoking is responsible for 80%-90% of all cases.2 Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 different chemicals — many of which are proven carcinogens. Cigar and pipe smoke also increase the risk of lung cancer.
In his June 2006 report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke, former U.S. Surgeon General Richard H. Carmona, MD, MPH, noted that even brief exposure to secondhand smoke can cause immediate harm.3
The second most common causative agent is radon, a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas that forms when radium decays. This element is responsible for approximately 12% of all lung cancer deaths annually — roughly 15,000 to 20,000 people. Exposure to asbestos, uranium, arsenic, and other petroleum-containing products also increases the risk for lung cancer.4
Currently, the American Cancer Society (ACS) does not recommend lung cancer screening for asymptomatic patients at risk for the disease.5 Symptomatic patients are often screened initially with chest x-ray; however, this testing modality is usually not sensitive enough to detect small tumors and overuse of x-rays can also be harmful. In the Early Lung Cancer Action Project, researchers detected 27 lung cancers by spiral CT scans; only seven of these were visible on chest x-ray.6 In a Japanese study, chest x-rays failed to detect 79% of lung cancers <2 cm.7
The ACS historically has maintained, however, that patients at high risk for lung cancer should decide on an individual basis with their clinician whether to undergo regular screening. The most accurate screening tool is low-dose helical CT, which has been found to be superior to x-ray at detecting small and presymptomatic lung cancers. However, to date, there is no evidence that supports a decrease in lung cancer mortality with routine radiological screening.8 The mind-boggling statistic that 60% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer will die within one year and that 75% will die within two years remains accurate—regardless of when in the disease process they are diagnosed.1
The clinician as the initial point of contact
The first person most patients see when they are experiencing physical problems is their primary-care clinician. As such, it is important that clinicians be on the lookout for patients who harbor hidden symptoms or may not be aware of a change in their health status.
Lung cancer may present with a variety of symptoms and is frequently masked by more common illnesses (Table 1). Many patients report no symptoms whatsoever, so it is essential that specific questions be asked to try to elicit information about symptoms they may not consider abnormal. Clinicians should inquire about frequency of cough, shortness of breath, presence of hemoptysis, chest and/or pleuritic pain, and change in weight/appetite, as these are the common features noted on presentation.9 However, because lung cancer is progressive, by the time patients exhibit clinical findings, they are likely to have advanced disease.
In the case of an abnormal chest x-ray, the patient should immediately undergo a chest CT for further evaluation. Figures 1 and 2 show abnormal chest CTs in patients who initially presented with weight loss and cough. A thorough laboratory evaluation, including complete blood count and full chemistry panel, including albumin and coagulation panel, should also be performed. Baseline pulmonary function tests will help determine if the patient should be considered for surgical resection, depending on the pathology of the cancer. Positron emission tomography will further clarify the extent of the cancer and any lymph-node involvement.
Once lung cancer is suspected, the patient should be referred to an oncologist, who will determine the most appropriate diagnostic procedure (e.g., sputum cytology, mediastinoscopy, bronchoscopy, or CT-guided lung biopsy) and most beneficial overall course of therapy for the patient's individual needs.
After the diagnosis is made
The patient's relationship with the primary-care clinician remains crucial even after diagnosis and referral. Although the oncologist will most likely take charge of treatment, the clinician still has an important role — whether it is providing emotional support or managing other disease processes that may develop or change during the course of cancer treatment. In addition, because the patient and his or her family are less familiar with the oncologist, they will be more likely to discuss day-to-day issues with the clinician.
In general, all follow-up x-rays and studies are ordered by the oncology/surgical-management team. However, health-maintenance and prevention strategies still need to be addressed by the primary-care clinician. This individual may also be expected to oversee acute medical issues that arise outside the therapeutic course of the patient's underlying disease process. Finally, while many patients who develop lung cancer will quit smoking, there are patients who will continue the habit. It will be up to the clinician to provide any smoking-cessation counseling and program options.
It is impossible to know which patient is going to be the next one diagnosed with lung cancer, but clinicians can be certain that someone with this diagnosis will pass through their practice on a fairly regular basis. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the clinical symptoms frequently seen in patients who are diagnosed with lung cancer as well as to have a good working knowledge of the individual patient's risk factors. If lung cancer is suspected, it is important to maintain frequent contact with the patient and emphasize the need for further evaluation and follow-up.
Finally, since most lung cancers are caused by smoking, patients should be told that the only safe cigarette is one that is not smoked. They should also be counseled to avoid places where people are smoking to eliminate added risks. This information cannot be emphasized enough.
Ms. Van Buskirk is an acute care nurse practitioner at the Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System in Pittsburgh.
1. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures, 2006.
2. Pretreatment evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer. The American Thoracic Society and The European Respiratory Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997:156:320-332.
3. United States Department of Health and Human Services. New Surgeon General's Report Focuses on the Effects of Secondhand Smoke.
4. Halpern M, Gillespie B, Warner K. Patterns of absolute risk in lung cancer mortality in former smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:457-464.
5. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Eyre HJ. American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer, 2003. CA Cancer J Clin. 2003;53:27-43.
6. Henschke C, McCauley D, Yankelevitz D, et al. Early Lung Cancer Action Project: overall design and findings from baseline screening. Lancet. 1999;354:99-105.
7. Sone S, Li F, Yang Z, et al. Characteristics of small lung cancers invisible on conventional chest radiography and detected by population based screening using spiral CT. Br J Radiol. 2000;73:137-145.
8. Kazerooni EA. Lung cancer screening. Eur Radiol. 2005;15 Suppl 4:D48-D51.
9. Gonzalez JM, de Castro FJ, Barrueco M, et al. Delays in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Arch Bronconeumol. 2003;39:437-441. | <urn:uuid:0f582f6c-5787-4aa4-8b36-257cb335a00c> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/when-to-suspect-lung-cancer-and-what-to-do/article/161364/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823309.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019141046-20171019161046-00126.warc.gz | en | 0.943025 | 1,979 | 2.984375 | 3 |
The Diggers, also known as the True Levellers, were a 17th century British political movement involved in setting up communities by squatting uncultivated common land. Diggers are first mentioned in connection with the Midlands rising against enclosures in 1607, and the Digger movement can be seen as the culmination of many decades of unauthorised squatting in forests and uncultivated areas by the poor and the landless.
The Diggers believed that political freedom was impossible without economic equality, and that that meant abolishing wage labour and private property. They were against the enclosure of common land by rich individuals and supported the poor commoners who had traditional rights in commons and forests. They believed that if poor people could take over and farm the wastes and commons there was enough land for ten times the existing population. They were willing to use direct action to achieve this, and tried to cultivate unused land as communal groups. They hoped that poor people everywhere would follow their example. They wanted the earth to be “a common treasury of livelihood to whole mankind”.(Winstanley)
At St. George’s Hill, the Diggers planted corn, beans, carrots and parsnips. These were the usual staple crops of the day. In the coming years, the widespread use of such crops also for animal fodder meant an increase in livestock holding throughout winter rather than slaughter of many of the animals. An increase in the number of animals meant an increase in the ammount of manure available for the fertilisation of arable land. This, in turn, meant an increase in the quantity of food for people, and, in particular, for the urban inhabitants of Britain who had no access to the land. These were the people who were to become the urban proletariat.
Winstanley placed great emphasis on manuring the fields, as well as on bringing new land under the plough. It is possible that agriculture as proposed by Winstanley and practised by the Diggers could have been a viable alternative to the enclosure and capitalist expansion of agriculture which in fact took place. This would have meant much less disruption of the existing rural society with its commons and commoners.
The most famous Digger community was at St. George’s Hill in the parish of Walton-on-Thames in Surrey. This existed from 1st April 1649 until August 1649, when they moved to Cobham Heath, a mile or so away. The group survived the winter but were victims of repression the whole time. In April 1650, their huts and furniture were burned, and the community was broken up. By the start of 1650 other Digger communities had come into being. Documented Digger communities were at Cox Hall in Kent, Barnet in Hertfordshire, Enfield in Middlesex, Dunstable in Bedfordshire, Bosworth in Leicestershire, Wellingborough in Northamptonshire and Iver in Buckinghamshire. Digger communities also existed at unknown sites in Nottinghamshire and Gloucestershire. There were also many sympathisers.
One of the most famous of the Diggers was Gerrard Winstanley. He was the author of some of their manifestos and pamphlets, including “The True Levellers Standard Advanced” and “A Declaration from the Poor oppressed People of England”.
“Winstanley – The Law of Freedom and other Writings” Edited by Christopher Hill, Pelican Classics, 1973. Introduction by C.Hill.
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Stub Alert! This article is a stub, requiring further development... Even stubs should include some content on the article topic. You're invited to help develop this page's content. | <urn:uuid:1e90413b-a2f8-4c83-8166-04e710421c88> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://www.ic.org/wiki/diggers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824820.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021152723-20171021172723-00409.warc.gz | en | 0.976146 | 769 | 3.84375 | 4 |
How Can Effective Forms Help Support Health and Safety?
If safety hazards are removed, required repairs fixed, and compliance regulations met, this sets the groundwork for a safe and healthy environment. An effective inspection form is a great way to enable all of these things. Not only does it provide valuable insight into known problems, it can reveal concerns that were not originally considered. Effective forms provide transparency in the field, another key component to health and safety. For more on creating an effective inspection form, check out What Makes A Good Safety Inspection Form.
How Does Transparency Affect Inspection Effectiveness?
Transparency means being able to look at raw data in the office and have a clear image of what is going on in the field. An effective form provides details other than, “Is this broken?” It can tell you the state of an asset, and how soon it might need maintenance. It can also provide valuable insight into existing safety procedures, and any gaps that may need to be filled. On top of this, a truly transparent form gives more than just raw data: it provides rich data, as well, that gives the back office a window directly into the field.
What Is “Rich Data,” and Why Is It Helpful?
Rich data can include anything from photos and sounds, to GPS and timestamps. The inclusion of rich data adds an extra level of authenticity and visibility into inspections. Photos, sketches and audio provide visual proof of compliance along with walk-through notes, and recordings of machinery. Meanwhile, GPS and timestamp data prove where and when forms were submitted, and can be used to provide field workers with directions to where they’re meant to be.
Why Choose Digital Over Paper?
Digital forms make filling out inspections easy. Enabling field workers to take notes, sketch, record audio, and take photos all on one device rather than using four different platforms streamlines workflows, so field workers no longer have to juggle pens, cameras, notepads, and audio recorders. All they need is what they already carry with them: a cell phone or tablet.
What Kind of Training Is Required to Use Digital Forms?
When implementing any kind of solution, training is one of the biggest consumers of time and resources. Digital forms, though, are just like any other form. Once technicians know how to access their forms by opening the app on their smartphone, the rest is just paperwork. Then, once the tech hits “send,” that’s it. No scanning paperwork, no data entry, no filing cabinets. | <urn:uuid:31e85845-2fb5-41c6-83b2-d5d3f583cc88> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.safeopedia.com/2/4162/health-and-safety-programs/faq-digital-safety-inspection-forms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657129257.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711224142-20200712014142-00546.warc.gz | en | 0.93932 | 524 | 2.53125 | 3 |
4 Ways for Beneficial Chatbots Using
The rapid advancement in technology has introduced many innovative solutions and methods to satisfy all needs of students according to their personal requirements and studying aims. Many applications which serve as personalized learning resources are available for people these days. In addition, these new technologies enable teachers to save up time and find a special approach to each student separately.
One of the latest innovation is the chatbot technology. Chatbots aim to cooperate with students on human terms and are usually described as virtual assistances. So, can we consider this innovation to be in people`s favor? How can we use chatbots for some useful purposes?
If we speak about bridging the gap between education and technology, chatbots will surely fit here. These chatbots provide students with interactive learning, which is similar to personal teacher`s approach. Bots can play a great role in encouraging students to work harder, alongside with following the whole learning process.
- Personal Learning Experience
Actually, all students are different and all of them learn and get the information in different ways as well. It means each student needs some special and personalized approach. One of the biggest advantages of chatbots is that they are capable to adapt to specifications and requirements of all students, providing them with flexible schedule.
- Source Of Social Learning
One more important fact about eLearning with chatbots is that they are capable to work on both levels – on individual and on group basis as well, thanks to its interaction design. Student with various experience, knowledge and backgrounds can work together, sharing different ideas and thoughts, while the chatbot will perceive everybody individually. Chatbots are also able to encourage students to cooperation and interaction between each other, by assigning some group work and projects.
- Time Saver for Students
Teachers and educators can simplify their daily schedules by using chatbots. They can become good helpers for teacher in many aspects. For example, a chatbot can answer students` questions instead of teacher or even check their homework. Consequently, teachers will have more time to work with students on more personalized terms, what is not less beneficial.
- Online Assessments Helpers
In case a class consists of a great number of students, it becomes practically impossible for teachers to provide each student with personalized care and attention. Chatbots will make you forget about this impossibility. They can not only facilitate teachers` efforts, but work with chosen students and groups at the same time. Chatbots are not only about answering questions and providing students with general knowledge. They are also able to help teachers a lot by checking homework, identifying different types of mistakes, assigning papers and projects. To crown it all, one the most notable attributes of these creatures is their ability to track students` progress and advancements in studying.
If to use new technologies in a proper way, it will be beneficial for the development of modern society. Chatbots can become good friends and guiders for students, creating for them a perspective of effective and bright learning process.256 Likes | <urn:uuid:815a5441-aefa-4799-854a-24ddffac91b6> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://buyessayfriend.com/essay-benefits-chatbots | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657154789.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20200715003838-20200715033838-00110.warc.gz | en | 0.958009 | 608 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Here's a clip:
. . . . Lisa Graham Keegan, a key education adviser to the McCain campaign, suggested rigid, standardized testing remains an essential tool in evaluating schools.Does Lisa Keegan really believe that children in wealthy areas would seek out poor, immigrant schools so that they could make an A on the big test? Really? Or is there another concern to which she seems unaware contained in the obverse of her question: what happens to ESL children who can't read the test that is constructed and normed so that the poor, the brown, the immigrant children only rarely have a chance to make more than a C? Does Keegan really believe that treating everyone exactly the same is the same thing as treating them equally? Surely she wouldn't give a sighted child a test written in Braille. Would she continue the obliviously-racist policy of test and punish that guarantees the continued failure of those who need the most help to succeed?
. . . .
But Keegan, a former state superintendent of public instruction who was considered by President Bush as his first secretary of education, said the tests are the best way to measure learning progress.
"There can't be tests, plural," Keegan said. "If we allow different tests for different kids in (schools where English is a second language) and poor settings, what happens is work that would get a C grade in a wealthy area would get an A in a poor area. That's a fact." | <urn:uuid:aa90932b-65fc-41b3-a803-b564ed3e90bb> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.schoolsmatter.info/2008/06/keegan-utters-profound-truth-without.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1412037663060.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004103-00397-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983916 | 301 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Luke is an avid weekend-warrior golfer from the East Coast who plays golf more than he cares to admit.
As the sport of golf continues to grow in popularity, it’s no surprise that indoor golf has become increasingly popular as well. From high-tech golf simulators to indoor driving ranges, there are now a variety of options available for golf enthusiasts who want to practice their swing year-round. But where did indoor golf come from, and how did it become so popular? In this article, we’ll explore the history of indoor golf and its popularity among golf enthusiasts.
The Origins of Indoor Golf
The concept of indoor golf can be traced back to the late 19th century. At that time, golf was still a relatively new sport, and many people were looking for ways to practice their swing during the off-season. In 1888, a group of golfers in Scotland built a makeshift indoor driving range using a canvas tent and a few hay bales. The range allowed them to practice their swings year-round, regardless of the weather outside.
Over the next few decades, indoor golf continued to evolve. In the early 20th century, indoor golf facilities began to pop up around the world. Some were simple driving ranges, while others were more sophisticated, with artificial turf and electronic ball-tracking systems. However, it wasn’t until the advent of modern technology that indoor golf really took off.
The Modern Era of Indoor Golf
In the 1980s, golf simulators began to hit the market. These devices used advanced sensors and computer software to simulate the experience of playing golf on a real course. Initially, golf simulators were expensive and primarily used by golf professionals and serious enthusiasts. However, as the technology improved and prices came down, they became more accessible to the general public.
Today, there are a variety of indoor golf options available, from basic driving ranges to high-tech simulators that can replicate the experience of playing on some of the world’s most famous courses. Some indoor golf facilities even offer virtual reality experiences, where golfers can feel like they’re playing on a real course without ever leaving the building.
The Popularity of Indoor Golf
So why has indoor golf become so popular among golf enthusiasts? There are a few key reasons. For one, indoor golf allows golfers to practice their swing year-round, regardless of the weather outside. This is especially important for golfers who live in areas with long, cold winters or frequent rainstorms.
Additionally, indoor golf facilities can offer a level of convenience and flexibility that traditional golf courses can’t match. Golfers can typically book a tee time at an indoor facility at any time of day or night, and many facilities offer food and beverage service, making it a great option for a night out with friends.
Finally, the technology behind indoor golf has improved dramatically in recent years, making it an increasingly realistic and immersive experience. Modern golf simulators can replicate the exact conditions of a real golf course, right down to the slope of the greens and the wind speed.
The Future of Indoor Golf
As technology continues to evolve, it’s likely that indoor golf will become even more popular in the years ahead. Already, there are virtual reality experiences that allow golfers to feel like they’re playing on a real course, and it’s not hard to imagine a future where golfers can use augmented reality devices to project a virtual course onto any flat surface.
Additionally, as concerns about climate change continue to mount, it’s possible that more golf courses will begin to incorporate indoor facilities as a way to reduce their environmental impact. By allowing golfers to practice their swing indoors, these facilities can help reduce the amount of water and energy needed to maintain a traditional outdoor course.
Indoor golf has come a long way since the makeshift canvas tent of the
late 19th century. From driving ranges to advanced simulators, indoor golf has become a popular way for golf enthusiasts to practice their game year-round. Its rise in popularity can be attributed to its convenience, flexibility, and technological advancements.
As the technology behind indoor golf continues to improve, it’s likely that we’ll see even more innovative and immersive experiences in the future. Whether you’re a serious golfer or just looking for a fun night out with friends, indoor golf offers a unique and exciting way to enjoy the sport we all love.
- Is indoor golf as good as playing on a real course?
While indoor golf simulators can replicate many of the conditions of a real golf course, there’s no substitute for the real thing. However, indoor golf can be a great way to practice your swing year-round, regardless of the weather outside.
- How much does it cost to play indoor golf?
The cost of indoor golf varies depending on the facility and the type of experience you’re looking for. Some driving ranges may only charge a few dollars per hour, while high-end simulators can cost upwards of $50 per hour.
- Can beginners play indoor golf?
Absolutely! Indoor golf facilities are a great place for beginners to learn the basics of the game in a controlled environment. Many facilities offer lessons and clinics specifically designed for beginners.
- Can you play with friends at indoor golf facilities?
Yes, many indoor golf facilities offer group packages and allow multiple players to play together on the same simulator or driving range. Some facilities even offer food and beverage service, making it a great option for a fun night out with friends.
- Are there any downsides to indoor golf?
One downside to indoor golf is that it can be more expensive than playing on a traditional golf course. Additionally, while indoor simulators can replicate many of the conditions of a real golf course, there’s no substitute for playing in the great outdoors. Finally, some golfers may prefer the social aspect of playing on a real course with friends and fellow enthusiasts.
Overall, however, the benefits of indoor golf – such as convenience, flexibility, and technological advancements – make it a popular option for golfers of all skill levels. As the technology continues to improve and more facilities open up, it’s likely that indoor golf will continue to grow in popularity in the years ahead. | <urn:uuid:57e26448-6b01-4feb-bb82-e0e4719b6d91> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://ourgolfclubs.com/history-of-indoor-golf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224655247.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609032325-20230609062325-00723.warc.gz | en | 0.952082 | 1,303 | 2.59375 | 3 |
About the Boreal Forest
The boreal forest is the largest forested biome on Earth, covering 17 million km2 of the Northern Hemisphere, and accounting for approximately one third of Earth's total forest area. Globally, the northern and southern boundaries of the boreal forest are associated with the Arctic air mass, which extends southerly in wintertime to define the southern most extent of the boreal forest, and shrinks northward during summer to delineate the boundary between boreal forest and tundra.
In Alaska, boreal forest occupies some 60-70% of the land area, with tundra and coastal coniferous forest making up the remainder. Approximately 32%, or 42.8 million ha, of the total 137 million ha that make up the interior Alaska boreal ecoregion is forested, of which >60% is dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana). The remainder is complex mosaic of grasslands, shrublands, bog and fen meadows, shrub and sedge tundra, and open water, with rock outcrops, snow and ice at high elevations.
From Nowacki G.J., P. Spencer, T. Brock, M.D. Fleming, and T. Jorgenson. 2001. Ecoregions of Alaska and Neighboring Territories | <urn:uuid:f5bae580-0c92-41c4-b290-5637db782c9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.lter.uaf.edu/boreal-forest/about | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818695375.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926085159-20170926105159-00687.warc.gz | en | 0.915642 | 276 | 3.90625 | 4 |
A liberal democracy is a form of government that limits the powers of the government. The constitution usually provides checks and balances, such as the separation of senior government from Parliament and judicial power from the executive branch. In a liberal democracy, the people’s civil liberties are protected and increased. In a liberal democracy, citizens are able to participate in the political process and criticize elected officials. However, this type of government can also be corrupted by powerful forces.
The concept of democracy is rooted in Greek words: “demos” meaning people and “kratos” meaning power. As such, it can be defined as the power of the people, or the power of the people. Essentially, democracy is a way of governing that is based on the will of the people. It is not a form of government that is imposed by a political system, but it is a way of governing that allows individuals to express their opinions and decide how their country should be governed.
There are many different kinds of democracy. Some countries are a democracy while others are not. The most important element of a democracy is its people. In a democratic society, all citizens are equal and have a voice. Generally, people have the right to vote in elections, which can make it more representative of the people. A democratic society requires that a majority of the citizens vote in elections. If there is a majority of citizens who want to be involved in a political decision, the process is considered legitimate.
The concept of democracy implies the recognition of the components of a society and its differences. Unlike popular or revolutionary views, the concept of democracy implies the elimination of categories or minorities that stand in the way of progress. Instead, a more positive definition of democracy involves recognizing the differences among groups and societies. And as a result, the democratic system is more effective. There is no shortage of examples of democracy and the principles it promotes. It is important to understand the nuances of this concept in order to determine whether it is appropriate for your country.
In a democracy, people are free to exercise their rights. The government is not the only person who can determine what a country is like. A citizen must have the right to vote and be able to influence the decisions of the government. Ultimately, a democracy is a form of government that gives the people the power to make decisions and change their society. So, if you believe that a government is not transparent and doesn’t allow the people to have a say in matters of law and policy, you should not vote for it.
A democracy’s characteristics depend on its specific circumstances. Some countries have a direct democracy, while others are based on a representative model. Indirect democracy is not a representative system and it is a form of government that focuses on the people. It is possible to have an indirect democracy in a modern democracy. Indirect democracy is a form of representative democracy, where people who are not citizens of a country can vote for the government. | <urn:uuid:21859a11-e6c8-4c68-a296-7e7e9d8e8c7d> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://democraticfront.org/the-concept-of-democracy-5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948951.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329054547-20230329084547-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.969957 | 604 | 4.375 | 4 |
“What we would like to do is change the world — make it a little simpler for people to feed, clothe, and shelter themselves as God intended them to do. And, by fighting for better conditions, by crying out unceasingly for the rights of the workers, the poor, of the destitute — the rights of the worthy and the unworthy poor, in other words — we can, to a certain extent, change the world; we can work for the oasis, the little cell of joy and peace in a harried world.”
– Dorothy Day, founder of The Catholic Worker and candidate for sainthood
TOPSHAM – President Obama’s recent interview in Rolling Stone included a piece about what he thought about writer Ayn Rand and Republican vice-presidential candidate Rep. Paul Ryan’s obsession with her work. In fact, over the past few years, through the rise of the tea party movement, we have heard a lot of adulation for Rand, who has become an inspiration to and ideal of sorts for the conservatives in our country.
Rand was an outspoken critic of government intervention and religion who believed solely in the power of the dollar. In fact, when she died, she had a 6-foot floral arrangement in the shape of a dollar sign by her casket.
She was not the only influential woman writer in the 20th century. In fact, there’s another woman writer and risk-taker who was not only influential but also truly inspirational: Dorothy Day.
Even though they lived at the same time, their views couldn’t be more different. While Rand spoke of the power of capitalism and against any form of altruism, Day spent her life serving and fighting for the poor and the humble.
This extraordinary woman, a prominent Catholic and current candidate for sainthood, espoused her religion’s core teaching of pacifism, love for all and servitude to the poor. She strove to spread the word of the Catholic social doctrine — of fighting for social justice and supporting workers.
Just when Rand was writing “Atlas Shrugged” and “The Fountainhead” to push forward the value of individuals dedicated solely to themselves, Day founded The Catholic Worker, a paper devoted to publicizing Catholic social teaching — of supporting workers and serving those in need without judgment or qualification.
Day’s support of unions, workers’ rights and power for the people are long-held Catholic values. In fact, the Catholic Church played a prominent role in shaping America’s labor movement.
Just as Rand spent her life preaching the philosophy of objectivism, Day spent her life living and sharing Catholic social teachings. From the day she founded The Catholic Worker in 1933 to the day she died in 1980, Day espoused justice for all, servitude to the poor, nonviolence, equality and pacifism.
As it lives on today, The Catholic Worker continues Day’s work sharing the belief that everyone has the right to what is required to live a full and decent life, such as employment, health care and education. Her paper teaches us that workers have a right to earn a living wage in safe working conditions and form unions to protect themselves.
Dorothy Day was proposed for sainthood in 1983 and made a “Servant of God” (the first stage of canonization) by Pope John Paul II in 2000. She was proposed for sainthood because she dedicated her life to the poor, to the workers and to justice everywhere.
On Day’s 75th birthday, the Jesuit magazine America devoted a special issue to her, singling her out as the individual who best exemplified “the aspiration and action of the American Catholic community during the past forty years.”
While conservatives may hold up Ayn Rand as their leader — many without even having read any of her books (especially those who may not know how strongly she spoke out against religion) — the rest of us should take a look at some of the writings of Dorothy Day, which are still very relevant today.
She offers an alternative to the “you’re on your own” mentality. And these days, as our state government fights unions, insults and criticizes workers in our state, and makes business a priority above people, we would all be well-served revisiting Dorothy Day’s perspective.
Janmarie Toker is an attorney and partner at McTeague Higbee in Topsham, where she has been representing workers for more than 25 years. | <urn:uuid:daaf06bd-cd2e-4bfb-a2fd-e376546dec9b> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.pressherald.com/2012/11/17/catholic-activist-showed-that-real-power-lies-in-fighting-for-human-dignity_2012-11-17/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535920849.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909042941-00099-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96838 | 940 | 2.640625 | 3 |
BETHESDA, MD (September 5, 2006) – Physiologists may have found a way to decrease the risk of hardening of the arteries that accompanies the long-term use of protease inhibitors, a class of drugs that has emerged as the most effective treatment against HIV and AIDS.
Writing in the American Journal of Physiology–Cell Physiology, researchers from the University of Kentucky found that when mice were given a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a protease inhibitor in combination, it prevented hardening of the arteries often associated with long-term use of protease inhibitors alone. The mice received ritonavir, a common protease inhibitor, in combination with d4T or didanosine, which are common NRTIs.
"The combination prevented the negative cardiovascular effect, hardening of the arteries, of the protease inhibitors without reducing the effectiveness of the protease inhibitors on HIV," said the study's senior author, Eric J. Smart. "To our knowledge, these are the first data that indicate that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors can limit the atherogenic (tendency to form lipid deposits in the arteries) effects of ritonavir," the authors wrote.
The study also found:
• Although protease inhibitors alone caused cholesterol to build up in mouse arteries, the increased cholesterol could not be detected in the blood. "This means that when doctors test for cholesterol on human patients who are using protease inhibitors, their cholesterol levels may look normal even when they are not," Smart said. "In other words, the accumulation of cholesterol within the arteries is a silent problem."
• Although Vitamin E, an antioxidant, has been shown to prevent the negative effects of protease inhibitors in vitro (in the test tube), the vitamin provided no benefit to the mice in this study.
The study, entitled "Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors prevent HIV protease inhibitor-induced atherosclerosis by ubiquitination and degradation of protein kinase C," was carried out by Emily L. Bradshaw, Xian-An Li, Theresa Guerin, William V. Everson, Melinda E. Wilson, Annadora J. Bruce-Keller, Richard N. Greenberg, Ling Guo, Stuart A. Ross and Eric J. Smart. The researchers are from the University of Kentucky and the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Lexington. The American Physiological Society published the study.
Long-term side effects a concern
Protease inhibitors have been effective in prolonging the lives of people with AIDS, so much so that patients now survive long enough to develop side effects that are years in the making. One such side effect is atherosclerosis, the accumulation of cholesterol and foam cells in the arteries, causing the vessels to narrow and harden.
Atherosclerosis is a problem in the general population, but protease inhibitors accelerate the process by increasing production of the protein CD36 within macrophages, which fight infections by consuming unwanted materials. CD36 spurs macrophages to eat cholesterol: The more CD36 the body produces, the more cholesterol the macrophages consume.
The problem occurs when cholesterol-laden macrophages get stuck in artery walls. Over time, they accumulate, block the arteries and can result in heart attacks. Because protease inhibitors prompt the CD36-rich macrophages to accumulate more cholesterol, the cholesterol and foam cells build faster and thus lead the arteries to harden more quickly, Smart explained.
Ritonavir produces greater blockage
The researchers examined macrophages isolated from mice receiving ritonavir, a protease inhibitor, and d4T and didanosine, both NRTIs. "NRTIs completely prevented the upregulation of CD36 and the development of atherosclerosis," the authors wrote. Their results also suggest that the NRTIs prevented the increase in CD36 by decreasing protein kinase C, an enzyme that changes the function of proteins.
What's more, NRTI reduced the negative effect of macrophages and cholesterol without reducing the effectiveness that ritonavir had against HIV. "So by giving both drugs at the same time, you get the positive effects of the protease inhibitors without the negative effect of hardening of the arteries," Smart concluded.
The researchers are now beginning a short-term study with healthy human volunteers to see if the protease inhibitor/NRTI drug combination will help control the production of CD36 in humans as well, Smart said.
"We'll try to find out if the NRTI regimen can keep the CD-36 protein in check in the non-infected volunteers," Smart said. If the drug combination works, the researchers will move to further clinical trials.
The National Institutes of Health funded the study.
The American Physiological Society was founded in 1887 to foster basic and applied bioscience. The Bethesda, Maryland-based society has 10,500 members and publishes 14 peer-reviewed journals containing almost 4,000 articles annually.
APS provides a wide range of research, educational and career support and programming to further the contributions of physiology to understanding the mechanisms of diseased and healthy states. In 2004, APS received the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring.
Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:e387ad0f-2797-4431-a2d2-815287029c23> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2006-09/aps-dcm082506.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011151170/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091911-00091-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928389 | 1,114 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Toni Morrison has said that she "never planned to be a writer."1 The closest her ambitions took her to a creative life was an early dream of becoming a dancer. But her destiny was writing, even if she didn't know it for a long time. Finally, in her late thirties, she found that writing was not only pleasurable but also necessary for her. Prior to starting her writing career Morrison was increasingly bothered by the feeling that life had somehow passed her by. "I used to really belong in this world," she thought to herself, but "at some point I didn't belong here anymore."2 The experience of working on her first novel changed all that. As she poured her imagination into her story, and the characters took on life, she became aware of the miraculous rewards of the creative act. "I was everybody," she discovered. "And I fell in love with myself. I reclaimed myself and the world."3 Moreover, she discovered that writing "was a way of knowing, a way of thinking" that she found "really necessary." 4 Since then, guided by these feelings, Morrison has gone on to write so impressively that she is now recognized as one of the foremost novelists of her time.
Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931, in Lorain, Ohio, the second of four children. Both her parents had arrived in this steel mill town on the banks of Lake Erie from the South. Since they happened to be black, they thought of the South not as home but as a region from which they had escaped. Morrison's father had left Georgia because of racist atrocities which haunted him all his life. Thus he became a racist himself, believing he was justified in hating all whites,
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com
Publication information: Book title: Toni Morrison's World of Fiction. Contributors: Karen Carmean - Author. Publisher: Whitston. Place of publication: Troy, NY. Publication year: 1993. Page number: 1.
This material is protected by copyright and, with the exception of fair use, may not be further copied, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means. | <urn:uuid:26294b69-96dc-4702-b48d-9be7c7ce37a6> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.questia.com/read/22075777/toni-morrison-s-world-of-fiction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164989714/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134949-00085-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989328 | 457 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Describing Kansas art in generalities is difficult, even for the most esteemed art historians in the state. It shares geography — and some would say a general spirit.
And it admittedly contains more than its fair share of stark landscapes interrupted by lonely barns.
But otherwise, Kansas art has existed in many different forms over the state's 150 years of existence.
It's the bold and colorful landscapes created by Birger Sandzen, a Swedish-born Bethany College professor, in the early 1900s.
It's the sweeping and dramatic John Steuart Curry murals that decorate the state Capitol in Topeka.
It's Samuel P. Dinsmoor's limestone cabin guarded by surreal concrete sculptures in Lucas' famous Garden of Eden.
It's the offbeat sculptures of Wichita-born Tom Otterness, whose sought-after work fills parks and city avenues across the world.
It's the contemporary paintings and sculptures that draw crowds to art galleries around Wichita on the final Friday of every month.
It's 150 years' worth of paintings, sculpture, glass, photographs, fiber and ceramics produced by artists whose talents might have made them stars had they been born in New York City.
"The art of the region and the state is much less monolithic than people think," said Bill North, senior curator at Kansas State University's Beach Museum of Art, which specializes in Kansas art.
"There's a lot more to it than just barns."
The earliest Kansas artists included landscape painters such as George Stone, a Topeka-born artist who studied with Paris greats, and George Hopkins, a painter and teacher who directed the art school at the Kansas State College in Manhattan in the late 1800s.
But what may have been the most significant period of Kansas art dawned in the early 1900s with a man named Carl Smalley, the son of a McPherson seed dealer, North said.
During a 1904 seed-selling trip that included stops in Kansas City and St. Louis, Smalley bought several prints, which be took back to McPherson and sold at the seed shop.
The art was so popular that Smalley's father eventually turned over a section of the showroom. Smalley's art dealing eventually took over the entire business.
Smalley, who would sell prints to farmer's wives who'd saved their egg money, started a friendship with artists such as Sandzen and C.A. Seward, whose work he promoted and encouraged.
The pair of printmakers went on to serve as charter members of the Prairie Printmakers, who arguably made up the most famous and influential group of artists in the state's history.
The group was officially formed on Dec. 28, 1930, when Seward invited eight other artists plus Smalley to Sandzen's Lindsborg studio. Among the organization's other charter members were Wichita artist Clarence Hotvedt and married artists Arthur and Norma Bassett Hall.
The group's stated goal was to gather and inspire printmakers and print collectors. Wichita's William Dickerson was the first artist invited to join, and over the years, the group included more than 75 active members, all of whom paid annual dues of $1.
The artists, who created etchings, silkscreens, linoleum cuts, block prints and lithographs, made art that was accessible, affordable and easy to love, said Stephen Gleissner, curator at the Wichita Art Museum, which has a collection of prints by founding member Herschel C. Logan.
Some of the group's most famous pieces include images of Kansas prairies, lush trees and farmland.
"The imagery just grabs your heart," Gleissner said. "It's the way you want Kansas to look and feel. It's what you wanted your youth or you grandparents' youth to look like."
The Prairie Printmakers also helped spark an unprecedented, statewide interest in art, North said.
"There was just a real appreciation throughout the state of art, and ordinary people were collecting art, reading about art and thinking about art," he said.
A 'Kansas style'?
The period that produced the Prairie Printmakers also included a fascination with the southwestern landscape, partly ushered in by Wichita banker Ed Davison and his wife, Faye. The pair began summering in New Mexico and joined a colony of Taos-based artists who were inspired by the southwestern landscape. Many other Kansans also started traveling to New Mexico to work, including Charles Capps, another founding member of the Printmakers, as well as Dickerson.
The Prairie Printmakers also inspired generations of artists, who branched off in many different directions.
The 1940s saw a fascination with abstract expressionism, embodied in the work of artists such as Sue Jean Covacevich, a Sandzen student who studied with Diego Rivera and went on to teach at Winfield's Southwestern college.
Some of the most important figures in the history of Kansas art have included educators such as Albert Bloch, Roger Shimomura and Marjorie Schick.
The list also includes easel painters such as Henry Hubbell; sculptors including Bruce Moore, Tom Otterness and Blackbear Bosin; and photographers such as Terry Evans, Larry Schwarm and Gordon Parks.
Kansas art historians could spend hours rattling off names of Kansas artists both well known and unjustly obscure and of Kansas artists both long gone and those alive, well and prolifically producing today.
What Kansas art experts have more trouble identifying is what makes art Kansas art.
"There never really has been what you would identify as a Kansas style," North said. "One thing that you do find in a lot of Kansas artists is this subtlety that is hard to describe. It's not flashy. It's very incredibly rich but very subtle and it sort of invites meditation. Things start to reveal themselves over time."
Kansas has produced several well-known artists, including Tom Otterness, a Wichita-born artist who left Kansas for New York and whose whimsical but often dark sculptures are in high demand — and bring in big money.
But most of those artists left Kansas to find fame in New York City and other cosmopolitan centers.
Another characteristic that binds many Kansas artists, experts say, is undiscovered talent.
Their level of work is on par with the most famous artists in the world, but many of them never got their work in the hands of dealers who mattered.
That notion inspired local art collector Mike Michaelis, the chairman of Emprise Bank. He's amassed a collection of Kansas art that includes about 1,700 pieces.
The collection, some of which decorates the halls and offices of the bank at 257 N. Broadway, includes obscure paintings from the 1800s all the way up to work under commission from a promising KU master's student.
It includes pieces from each of the founding members of the Prairie Printmakers as well as a work by John Steuart Curry and photographs by Gordon Parks.
The collection's value can't be measured monetarily, he said.
"There are lots of people in the world who have one piece worth more than our whole collection," he said. "But from a historical perspective, it's a valuable collection."
Though the collection is still a work in progress, Michaelis said that he hopes it will someday be acquired by a museum as an homage to the screen-printed, photographed, wood-etched landscape of 150 years of fine arts in Kansas.
"It seems to me that we've produced artists that are every bit as good as what you see in other places," he said. "The difference becomes the promotion of the art, not the production." | <urn:uuid:b539ca1f-560a-4629-a851-53bd7d7bc468> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.kansas.com/entertainment/arts-culture/article1059818.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818696681.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926193955-20170926213955-00563.warc.gz | en | 0.975811 | 1,588 | 2.75 | 3 |
The sound of crashing waves, the roar of fast-moving cars – sound conveys important information about the objects in our surroundings. In this work, we show that ambient sounds can be used as a supervisory signal for learning visual models. To demonstrate this, we train a convolutional neural network to predict a statistical summary of the sound associated with a video frame. We show that, through this process, the network learns a representation that conveys information about objects and scenes. We evaluate this representation on several recognition tasks, finding that its performance is comparable to that of other state-of-the-art unsupervised learning methods. Finally, we show through visualizations that the network learns units that are selective to objects that are often associated with characteristic sounds. | <urn:uuid:f85eeedd-723f-439b-aeed-17944d4bd0bd> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://mcdermottlab.mit.edu/bib2php/pubs/makeAbs.php?loc=owens16b | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347435987.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200603175139-20200603205139-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.945233 | 153 | 2.59375 | 3 |
(This is an excerpt from the forthcoming ALSC Virtual Storytime Services Guide)
While it is generally considered fair use to share copyrighted stories and songs for library programs held in-house and for outreach programming, these implied permissions change when library programs go online. When using print or music resources in virtual storytime, it is critical to obtain permission from publishers or artists first (unless using original work or materials from the public domain). It is equally important to credit the publisher/artist appropriately.
Publishers, authors who hold sole publishing rights, and music creators understand the difficult circumstances during the current COVID-19 crisis. Many have released temporary, widespread and limited permissions to use materials in virtual storytimes. These permissions vary widely and often come with requests to avoid specific platforms, remove videos after a certain time frame, and use specific verbiage to credit the copyright holders.
Remember, these permissions are temporary! Be ready to request permission from copyright holders once these deadlines have passed, or if you would like your virtual storytime videos to remain available after the crisis.
Here are a few tips for storytime staff to be aware of while developing and presenting virtual storytime:
- Use copyrighted materials with publisher permission (see the COVID-19 Publisher Information Directory below).
- The use of copyrighted material is a balancing act of fair use, the rights of creators, and temporary permissions granted during crisis. Decisions made regarding the use of creative content are unique to each library and their use of materials.
- Verbally credit the author, and artist when introducing a book or song, and the publisher if reading with publisher permission. Pointing out the author also helps children develop print awareness and understand that people write books.
- Consult the Public Domain resources below. Common folktales, fairytales, nursery rhymes/songs, and fingerplays may be in the Public Domain and can be used and adapted without credit. Consider drawing on these resources to share stories and sing songs, or retell in your own words with: Flannel Boards, Magnetic Boards, White Boards, Puppets/Props, or Creative Drama.
- Tell your own original story!
- Consider avoiding using copyrighted music in virtual storytimes if your library is using a social media platform such as Facebook or YouTube. Using recorded music, even with permission, can trigger automated algorithms designed to detect and prevent the sharing of copyrighted material. Your video may be flagged, taken down or the audio disabled.
- Open licensed books and music can also be used with proper Creative Commons credit.
- Follow copyright licensing instructions when creating images for storytime.
- Use a Storytime Template to help you keep track of copyrighted materials and information in your virtual storytime. Here is a Sample Storytime that was developed using this form.
To find out more about copyright and other virtual storytime topics, including resources for video editors and library leaders, look for the ALSC Virtual Storytime Services Guide coming out soon!
This resource provides a directory of publishers and the most current information regarding their read-aloud policies and requests.
A continuously updated blog post listing artists who have granted permission for their music.
This list is based on USA Copyright Law and is intended only as a help in researching public domain music.
This is a list of children’s books in the Public Domain.
A one stop website created by the Association of Canadian Publishers to help access permissions and guidelines.
A curated list of multiple sources for music and publisher permissions.
The Copyright team are all members of the ALSC Virtual Storytime Services Guide Writing Group and include: Celeste Swanson, the Youth Services Coordinator for The Lane Libraries (OH), a member of the Excellence in Early Learning Digital Media Award Committee, and chair of the Ohio Ready to Read Task Force who can be reached at [email protected]; Rita Christensen, a Children’s Librarian at the Orem Public Library (UT), a member of the ALSC Children and Technology Committee, and the Utah Library Association (ULA) Copyright Education Committee who can be reached at [email protected]; and Marge Loch-Wouters, a retired youth librarian, educator, blogger at WI Library Association’s Youth Services Shout-out blog and Youth Services Consultant for the Southwest WI Library System who can be reached at [email protected].
This post addresses Competencies for Librarians Serving Children in Public Libraries: II. Reference and User Services; III. Programming Skills; IV. Knowledge, Curation and Management of Materials; VI. Administrative and Management Skills; VII. Professional Development | <urn:uuid:62b5a1b4-f264-4833-81e3-f3d684e0d53f> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.alsc.ala.org/blog/2020/05/pausing-to-talk-about-copyright-and-virtual-storytimes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510707.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930181852-20230930211852-00182.warc.gz | en | 0.888527 | 953 | 3.078125 | 3 |
08 Jul 6 Oral Symptoms That May Indicate Health Issues
Just as poor dental habits can contribute to health issues, good dental habits can identify underlying health issues before other symptoms occur. The mouth is often the first muscular organ in the body to send a signal when something isn’t quite right. Here are 6 signs from your mouth that there may be a larger medical concern.
WHAT YOUR MOUTH IS TELLING YOU
Concern: Chipped or Cracked Teeth
Could Be: Tooth Grinding
If you wake with a headache, tiredness, or a sore jaw, you might be grinding your teeth at night. Teeth grinding while sleeping is common and can be caused by jaw misalignment, missing teeth, illness, or stress. Left untreated, teeth grinding can cause long-term issues including cracked and chipped teeth, inner mouth soreness (from biting the cheek), and sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures. A night guard protects teeth and improves the quality of sleep. Nightguards created by a dentist are custom-made to fit the patient and take into consideration jaw size, the severity of grinding, and other considerations.
Concern: Bleeding Gums
Could Be: Gingivitis
If you only floss your teeth the night before visiting the dentist, you may experience bleeding of the gums. When bleeding happens regularly, it could be a symptom of gingivitis. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease but left untreated can progress to periodontal disease, a systemic disease that affects the entire body. Other signs of gingivitis include swollen gums, dark-colored gums, receding gumlines, and bad breath. Once gingivitis occurs it must be treated by a dentist.
Concern: An Influx in Cavities
Could Be: Diabetes
Cavities happen for various reasons, including consuming sugar-laden foods and beverages, constant snacking, and poor dental habits. When cavities happen suddenly and in numbers, it could be a more serious sign of diabetes. Diabetes is the result of the body’s inability to process glucose (sugar). Diabetes can often go unnoticed in the early stages, and as blood sugar rises, symptoms begin to appear. The higher the blood sugar level the increased risk for cavities according to Mayo Clinic. Conversely, poor oral health can lead to tooth decay and gum disease, which may progress to Periodontal Disease. A systemic disease, periodontal disease travels through the body affecting other organs. It is the sixth leading complication of diabetes.
Concern: Canker Sores
Could Be: Celiac Disease
Gluten intolerance is the body’s negative reaction to eating foods containing wheat, barley, and rye. In celiac disease, prevents the small intestine from absorbing important nutrients causing long-term damage to the digestive tract. One cause of canker sores is the consumption of gluten-based foods by individuals with celiac disease. Small but painful, a canker sore occurs inside the mouth on soft tissue including under the tongue, near the base of gums, and inside the cheeks. It can be difficult to eat or drink when a canker sore is present. Canker sores may also be an indication of other non-oral-related health issues. It is important to see a dentist who can assess the cause and recommend further treatment.
Concern: Enamel is Wearing Away
Could Be: Acid Reflux
Approximately 20% of the U.S. population have acid reflux, also known as acid indigestion or heartburn. Acid reflux happens when the content of our stomachs back up into our esophagus. Acid reflux often feels like a burning or tightness in the throat or chest. Persistent acid reflux is known as Gastrointestinal Esophageal Reflux Disease or GERD. This constant backup of acid can wear down the enamel on teeth. There are many successful treatments for acid reflux that can be prescribed by a physician. Once under control, a dentist can take restorative steps to protect the enamel that has been damaged.
Concern: Bad Breath
Could Be: Poor Dental Habit, Infection or Disease
On occasion, we may eat a pungent dish that leaves us with bad breath but can be corrected with brushing and a swish of mouthwash. Bad breath, also called halitosis, can occur due to poor brushing habits that leave particles of food stuck in teeth. But when bad breath becomes a persistent issue, it’s time to head to the dentist. Bad breath can be caused by dry mouth or as the result of taking certain medications. An infection of the mouth can also cause our breath to take a turn. Gum disease happens below the gum line, and our breath may be the first indication of a problem. Finally, bad breath may be caused by certain metabolic disorders or result from chemicals used to treat cancer. Don’t cover your mouth if your breath smells, call your dentist instead.
Our mouths make it possible for us to eat, drink, talk, kiss, and smile. It is also a key organ that can sound off alarms when our health has gone astray. Stay committed to a healthy brushing habit and take notice when changes occur.
At Imperial Dental Center, our goal is to provide the best oral care to our patients to ensure the overall health of your teeth and body. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.
Dr. Dragana Angelova
We Love to See You Smile | <urn:uuid:1f749c79-ec3d-4291-8823-ccb37fa3b01e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://imperialdentalcenter.com/6-oral-symptoms-indicate-health-issues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510358.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928031105-20230928061105-00063.warc.gz | en | 0.920931 | 1,140 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Myxomatosis is AN infectious virus that was originally discovered in 1896 from foreign rabbits that came from uruguay. The death causing virus will spread by straight interaction with AN affected animal. Infected fleas and mosquitoes can even spread the deadly virus. the results of this virus are fever, conjunctivitis, possible blindness, lumps near head and genitals, pneumonia and eventually death. Death can take place anywhere from fourteen days to forty eight hours after infection.
In 1938, Australia used the virus for population control. Later, in 1950, they did a large test on the virus and took the population of rabbits from 600 million all the way down to a hundred million in only 2 years. That’s a death of five hundred million due to the release of the virus. a few decades later, genetic resistance was found and the virus began to only terminate about five hundredth of the infected amount. In 1996 they introduced a second virus, referred to as Rabbit Calicivirus, to increase the termination quantity.
There is a pet rabbit vaccinum against the virus that may be used in other areas but is not permitted in Australia. The authorities concern is that the virus in the injection has the potency to increase to the wild rabbit population therefore causing immunity to the deadly virus that undermines its use. | <urn:uuid:b8bbde61-1dd9-48cc-9739-90c0fb9057e4> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://www.factsabt.com/deadly-virus-created-australia-order-take-control-rabbit-population/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655881763.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20200706160424-20200706190424-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.963217 | 266 | 3.625 | 4 |
In the upcoming Cycling Anatomy, (Human Kinetics, May 2009) physician and former competitive cyclist Shannon Sovndal, MD, uses full-color anatomical illustrations to show how specific exercises link to cycling performance. For example, he suggests that cyclists mimic their cycling position when performing weight training exercises. Cycling Anatomy features 74 cycling-specific exercises with step-by-step descriptions and illustrations that are anatomically organized into muscle groups.
Learn more about setting goals and becoming fit through cycling in Fitness Cycling. To help ensure that you establish attainable goals, you should apply the Four Ps of goal setting: personalized, positive, perceivable, and possible. Goals will perpetually be included in your training program.
Cycling is a fantastic way to lose weight. Learn more about using cycling to reach weight loss goals in Fitness Cycling. For you to lose weight over time, the calories you take in or eat must be less than the calories you burn.
Training zones are used to quantify and track intensity. Each training zone represents a different level of effort, ranging from easy to hard. The focus is to help your legs rejuvenate, and even though the training in this zone is easy, it’s an important part of your overall training program.
The better your bike-handling skills, the more likely you’ll come out unscathed. Whatever type of bike you’re riding (road, mountain, cross, hybrid, or touring), all of these exercises are applicable and valuable. Robbie McEwen is a professional road racer famous for coming over the finish line riding a wheelie on his racing bike. | <urn:uuid:4e048e33-1f10-40a9-8e6f-698d8e807c72> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.humankinetics.com/hkSearch?ActionType=2_SetCurrency&letter=shannon%20sovndal&parentCode=0&CurrencyCode=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699755211/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102235-00047-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952472 | 330 | 2.671875 | 3 |
We have been talking a lot lately about qualities we respect – in our friends, in our classmates, in ourselves. Today we read a fantastic picture book written by Pat Brisson and illustrated by Suzanne Bloom. Melissa Parkington’s Beautiful, Beautiful Hair inspired us to talk about the qualities in ourselves that are really important. Who do we want to be? What do we want to be known for?
Melissa Parkington has always been recognized for her gorgeous hair. However, she begins to recognize that she doesn’t want to be recognized for something that just simply grows out of her head. What is really special about her?
This book really affected us! Some beautiful writing below helps tell the story:
Annie: Melissa Parkington had beautiful beautiful hair. Everyone around the neighbourhood noticed her hair. But Melissa wanted people to like her for what she did.
Jenny: A lot of people called Melissa’s beautiful hair gorgeous and stunning and then she thought that she doesn’t want people to just call to her – your hair is beautiful . . . she wants people to compliment her for what she does. She helped Maddy and Jake on something and someone said to her – you are nice. So she thought – I can be a nice girl.
Jena: She decided to be the kindest girl in the whole town and she helped a lot of people. At the mall, there was a beauty salon and it said share your hair. And Melissa cut her hair for children who didn’t have hair.
Gary: She decided to donate her hair to kids. So the lady washed her hair and put it on ponytails and started cutting it and put it in envelopes. Now she is known as beautiful heart.
In the end – Melissa’s father changes the way he says goodnight to her. He now says. “Goodnight Melissa of the beautiful, beautiful heart.”
What a wonderful story of generosity, kindness and recognition of true inner beauty. | <urn:uuid:49a75f08-c03b-48d1-96d8-6819c9f83e4e> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://thereisabookforthat.com/tag/kindness/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735836.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20200803224907-20200804014907-00182.warc.gz | en | 0.981192 | 412 | 3.171875 | 3 |
…In 1979, President Jimmy Carter, who had been elected with the support of the unions, endorsed the bill to create the holiday. Carter made an emotional appearance at King’s old church, Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. But Congress refused to budge, led by conservative Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina, who denounced King as a lawbreaker who had been manipulated by Communists. The situation looked bleak.
By then, Wonder had matured from a young harmonica-playing sensation to a chart-topping music genius lauded for his complex rhythms and socially-conscious lyrics about racism, black liberation, love and unity. He had kept in touch with Coretta Scott King, regularly performing at rallies to push for the holiday. He told a cheering crowd in Atlanta in the summer of 1979, “If we cannot celebrate a man who died for love, then how can we say we believe in it? It is up to me and you.”
Adafruit publishes a wide range of writing and video content, including interviews and reporting on the maker market and the wider technology world. Our standards page is intended as a guide to best practices that Adafruit uses, as well as an outline of the ethical standards Adafruit aspires to. While Adafruit is not an independent journalistic institution, Adafruit strives to be a fair, informative, and positive voice within the community – check it out here: adafruit.com/editorialstandards
Stop breadboarding and soldering – start making immediately! Adafruit’s Circuit Playground is jam-packed with LEDs, sensors, buttons, alligator clip pads and more. Build projects with Circuit Playground in a few minutes with the drag-and-drop MakeCode programming site, learn computer science using the CS Discoveries class on code.org, jump into CircuitPython to learn Python and hardware together, TinyGO, or even use the Arduino IDE. Circuit Playground Express is the newest and best Circuit Playground board, with support for CircuitPython, MakeCode, and Arduino. It has a powerful processor, 10 NeoPixels, mini speaker, InfraRed receive and transmit, two buttons, a switch, 14 alligator clip pads, and lots of sensors: capacitive touch, IR proximity, temperature, light, motion and sound. A whole wide world of electronics and coding is waiting for you, and it fits in the palm of your hand.
Have an amazing project to share? The Electronics Show and Tell is every Wednesday at 7pm ET! To join, head over to YouTube and check out the show’s live chat – we’ll post the link there. | <urn:uuid:991a0fe8-38ef-40ec-a431-057cc3513121> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://blog.adafruit.com/2015/01/19/how-stevie-wonder-helped-create-martin-luther-king-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224649741.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20230604093242-20230604123242-00104.warc.gz | en | 0.937106 | 546 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Lyme disease warning: The symptom you should watch out for after a tick bite – Dr Ranj
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that may be spread to humans from the bite of an infected tick, according to the NHS. While most tick bites are harmless, untreated lyme disease could lead to some neurological problems, and even arthritis. If you’ve been bitten by a tick, there is a chance that you could be at risk of the bacterial infection. ITV This Morning’s Dr Ranj has revealed that you should particularly look out for a bullseye rash if you’ve been bitten by a tick.
There is a small chance that ticks can transmit a bacterial infection called lyme disease
A rash that looks like the centre of a dartboard could be a warning sign of lyme disease, said Dr Ranj.
Around one in three people with lyme disease develop the characteristic rash, that could become very red, and may have slightly raised edges.
But, you should speak to a doctor if you’ve been bitten by a tick, and suddenly become quite unwell, he said.
“Tick bites – they attach themselves [to the skin],” said Dr Ranj. “What we usually say is, if they are attached, be very careful removing them.
“Ideally remove them very close to the skin, or use special tick-removing tweezers.
“There is a small chance than ticks can transmit something called lyme disease, and therefore I would say if you are becoming unwell, and are developing a rash around it – particularly a bullseye rash – make sure you see your GP.”
The lyme disease rash can develop up to three months after the initial tick bite, and may last for several weeks.
But, it’ll usually start to show itself within the first four weeks of the infection, said the NHS.
Other, more common lyme disease symptoms include muscle and joint pain, joint swelling, and difficulty concentrating.
Some people may also start to feel very hot and shivery, develop painful headaches, and could feel persistently nauseous.
You’re more likely to be bitten by a tick if you’ve recently been walking through forests or grassy areas.
Symptoms of Lyme Disease
Lyme Disease is a bacterial infection spread to humans by infected ticks. Here are the signs and symptoms that follow a bite.
Symptoms of Lyme Disease
The ticks that cause lyme disease can be found all over the UK, but are most common in the wooded areas of southern England, as well as the Scottish Highlands.
But you could lower your chances of tick bites by using an insect repellent, and by steering clear of long grass and foliage.
If you find a tick on your skin, you can remove them with fine-tipped tweezers, said the NHS.
Grasp the tick as close to the head as possible, and slowly pull it upwards, making sure not to crush the tick.
After it’s been removed, clean the bite with an antiseptic if you have it available, or even just soap and water.
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:f0a69146-98c0-4ebc-868a-fc02c914c9ec> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://justbalancinghealth.com/health-news/lyme-disease-warning-the-symptom-you-should-watch-out-for-after-a-tick-bite-dr-ranj/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145910.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224071540-20200224101540-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.961123 | 668 | 3.140625 | 3 |
For what is Karl Benz known?
1 Answer | Add Yours
Benz is primarily known for German advances in the automobile. He invented and developed the first gasoline powered car. While others in Germany were working towards the same ends, Benz patented his work to corner the market on it and being so dominantly recognized with German automobile craftsmanship. The development of the Benz brand is another element that is strongly associated with Karl Benz. Though he might not have initiated it, Benz's development of the Daimler- Benz corporation label ended up becoming the Mercedes- Benz brand. Without a doubt, the Mercedes- Benz label and symbol is synonymous with wealth and prestige. Around the world, "a Benz" carries a great amount of status and financial security. In a capitalist world where brands and products end up defining so much about an individual and their place in such a configuration, the Mercedes- Benz brand carries a large amount of weight and stature. In this light, the name "Benz" signifies a great deal of economic power and autonomy. Benz's invention and toil ends up deriving the automobile for Germans and his brand name ends up signifying much more in the modern setting.
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Join a community of thousands of dedicated teachers and students.Join eNotes | <urn:uuid:3ea1492b-c735-4438-8c8f-943b5a13666a> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/why-karl-benz-known-303902 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223203841.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032003-00134-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954343 | 258 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Seizures in Dogs
Seizures are the most common neurological condition in dogs. A seizure is the clinical manifestation of excessive and hypersynchronous electrical activity in the cerebral cortex. Seizures in dogs can be quite distressing to the pet and the pet owner.
Types of Seizures in Dogs
Seizures in dogs may be broadly classified as focal or generalized seizures. Focal seizures are due to abnormal electrical activity in one localized part of the cerebral cortex. The more common form of seizures is called generalized clonic-tonic seizures. In this form, the pet may stiffen, fall or lay down, then paddle with the legs uncontrollably. Many dogs urinate, defecate or salivate during the seizure. The seizure itself may last from a few seconds to several minutes. After the seizure, the pet may seem disoriented, blind or wobbly.
Causes of Seizures in Dogs
Seizures may be broadly categorized as problems outside of the brain that secondarily affect the brain (such as low blood sugar, poisonings, liver or kidney failure or electrolyte abnormalities), primary structural problems in the brain (such as a brain tumor, stroke, encephalitis, infection or hydrocephalus), or idiopathic epilepsy. Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common cause of seizures in dogs. Idiopathic epileptic dogs typically start having seizures between one and five years of age. There is often a regular pattern to the seizures. They act normal between seizures and have a normal neurological examination.
Diagnosing the Cause
Most of the causes outside of the brain (such as low blood sugar and electrolyte abnormalities) can be diagnosed with blood tests. Most of the causes inside of the brain (such as brain tumors and encephalitis) require magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for accurate diagnosis. Idiopathic epilepsy is diagnosed by ruling out all of the other causes of seizures inside and outside of the brain.
Treatment of Seizures
Appropriate and successful treatment of seizures relies on accurately diagnosing the underlying cause of the seizure. Veterinary neurologists are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of seizures in dogs and cats. Treatment typically involves medications to decrease how often your pet has seizures, how severe those seizures are and how long each seizure lasts. There are several newer medications that veterinary neurologists prescribe that may have some advantages. Prognosis depends on the underlying cause of the seizures as well as early and appropriate treatment.
Dr. Michael Wong and the staff at Southeast Veterinary Neurology (SEVN) are specialists in diagnosing and treating seizures in dogs and cats. If you have any questions about your pet with seizures and your veterinarian has recommended evaluation by a neurologist, please contact SEVN at (305) 274-2777. | <urn:uuid:2523afd0-7d93-4a3b-80ec-db088c51a06e> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://sevneurology.com/veterinarians/learning-center/seizures-in-dogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371861991.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20200409154025-20200409184525-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.924714 | 585 | 3.3125 | 3 |
How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay🤔| HandMade Writing Blog A compare and contrast essay writing is based on an in-depth analysis of two or more objects and practical findings of them (don't confuse it with a reflective essay which allows you to focus on your own reflections rather than solid facts). That is why every student must start with finding proper credible sources and reading them carefully. How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay - chiefessays.net Compare and contrast essays simply ask one to identify the similarities and differences between two or more concepts, ideas, items or things. Depending on the instructions given and complexity of the subject, the essay may give a shallow or in-depth analysis of the similarities and differences. How To Write A Comparative Analysis Essay, with Outline Comparative analysis essay As part of academic requirements, students will be asked to write an essay that compares two different texts, people, theoretical ideas or historical events. A comparative analysis essay focus on finding the most significant differences or similarities about facts or events.
One of the most common is the comparison/contrast essay, in which you focus on the ways in which certain things or ideas—usually two of them—are similar to (this is the comparison) and/or different from (this is the contrast) one another. By assigning such essays, your instructors are encouraging you to make connections between texts or ideas,
Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Compare and Contrast Essays. If you're a student enrolled in English classes, compare and contrast essays may not be your favorite thing in the world. 2 Comparison Essay Examples That Make Cool Comparisons 2 Comparison Essay Examples That Make Cool Comparisons January 25, 2017 Compare the feeling you get when you earn an A on a paper to how you feel when you get a D on a paper. Comparison essay essay writing help, ideas, topics, examples To write a comparison or contrast essay that is easy to follow, first decide what the similarities or differences are by writing lists on scrap paper. Which are more significant, the similarities or the differences? Plan to discuss the less significant first, followed by the more significant.
How To create a Comparison Research Essay |
Topic1: Write an essay to compare - contrast two persons of your acquaintance.(comparision/ contrast essay) 02 Nov When I was a high school student, I have two best friends who have two cute names: Giang and Son. How to Write a Compare/Contrast Essay for The Great Gatsby We'll go over some basic dos and don'ts for writing compare/contrast essays before diving into some analysis of the most asked-about character pairings. Keep reading if you have a Compare/Contrast assignment on the horizon! Article Roadmap. The do's of a compare and contrast essay; The don'ts of a compare contrast essay
How to Write a Comparative Analytical Essay | The Classroom
How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay Guide | ChiefEssays.Net
Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while contrast in writing discusses elements that are different. A compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes two subjects by comparing them, contrasting them, or both. The key to a good compare-and-contrast essay is to choose two or more subjects that connect in a meaningful way.
Compare And Contrast Two Successful Global Companies Commerce ... Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. In this paper we shall evaluate, compare and contrast two successful global companies: UPS and Amazon.com. UPS is the world's largest package delivery company and a leading global ... Compare and Contrast Essay Examples
Do You Need Help With Writing a Compare and Contrast Essay? Compare and contrast essays are the big essay part in academic writing. To create such a type of essay you have to find a new view on differences between two things. To create such a type of essay you have to find a new view on differences between two things. Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Compare and Contrast Essays Write an outline that will form the skeleton of your essay. Then you'll take on the body of your essay, which will be four paragraphs long. You could split them up into two paragraphs on each text (one for comparing and one for contrasting) or two paragraphs that compare both works and two that hold all the contrast. How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay - wikihow.com How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay - Putting It All Together Use your brainstorming ideas to fill in your outline. Remember to explain the "why. Come up with a title. Take a break. Review your essay. How to Write an A+ Comparison Essay on any Topic | ScoolWork | <urn:uuid:19076a92-1756-46a5-b71d-079de33935ba> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://iwriteqqj.firebaseapp.com/kail59135kym/how-to-do-a-comparison-essay-fem.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511000.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002132844-20231002162844-00484.warc.gz | en | 0.90683 | 993 | 3.203125 | 3 |
(Beyond Pesticides, March 21, 2011) âChildren Act FastâŚSo Do Poisonsâ is the message that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is sending in conjunction with the Poison Prevention Week Council to keep poisonous substances out of childrenâs hands in observance of the annual National Poison Prevention Week (March 20-26). EPA recommends locking up household cleaners, disinfectants, solvents and other materials as the best way to reduce accidental poisoning among children, yet it is a recommendation that does not go far enough to fully protect children from pesticides. EPA still fails to encourage the public to stop or reduce using poisonous chemicals, while ignoring advantageous non-toxic methods for pest management that would effectively protect children from harmful pesticides if implemented.
âBecause it takes only a split second for a child to be poisoned, we want everyone to remember the theme âChildren Act FastâŚSo Do Poisons.â Most exposures that occur in the home can be prevented or substantially reduced through proper and safe storage, use and supervision of all household products,â said Steve Owens, assistant administrator of EPAâs Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. âPoison Prevention Week serves as a reminder for everyone to keep pesticides locked up and away from children, and to read and follow all labels to minimize the potential dangers from pesticides.â
While it is wise to keep potentially harmful household products out of the reach and hands of children, Beyond Pesticides recommends abandoning the application of poisonous chemicals and recommends instead practicing non-toxic methods of pest management to protect children from harmful chemicals from ingestion and secondary exposure. Unlike EPA, Beyond Pesticides also takes into account secondary exposures to pesticides. For instance, studies have found pesticides in household dust that persists even after removal from the market. In 2008, a study found significant amounts of pyrethroid on indoor dust of homes and childcare centers, while another study found that 75% of homes with pregnant women were contaminated with pesticides.
Numerous scientific studies have linked exposure to pesticides with cancer, reproductive effects, development disorders, learning disabilities and other health problems. Children are especially vulnerable to pesticides. Nonetheless, every year EPA misses the important opportunity during National Poison Prevention Week to alert families about integrated pest management (IPM) and organic methods that are effective and substantially safer.
Source: EPA Press Release | <urn:uuid:57d14efb-a8b9-4713-bdc4-018e027638a1> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.beyondpesticides.org/dailynewsblog/?p=5099 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206147.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00413-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924923 | 481 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The climate is a transition between the Medirerranean and the mountain, with mild summers and cold winters, with low precipitation ang high humidity. The maximum rainfall occurs during the three months of autumn. During the winter there may be days with precipitation in the form of snow.
Arbúcies has a municipal metereological observatory that collects the data of temperature, humidity direction and wind speed, rainfall, atmospheric pressure and solar raditation. There is a web site from which all this data can be consulted.
Link: Observatori Municipal d'Arbúcies | <urn:uuid:e236f77c-114b-46f4-b892-bc8e7891e600> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.visitarbucies.com/en/informacio-meteorologica.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146714.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20200227125512-20200227155512-00025.warc.gz | en | 0.891733 | 117 | 2.5625 | 3 |
geometry spot, The world of mathematics is a vast and intricate tapestry, woven with threads of numbers, shapes, and patterns. Among the many branches of this discipline, geometry stands out as one of the most fascinating and ancient. It is the art of understanding and describing the shapes, sizes, and properties of the physical world. In this thousand-word expedition, we will embark on a journey through the captivating universe of geometry, delving into its history, fundamental concepts, and real-world applications.
A Glimpse into Geometry’s History
The origins of geometry can be traced back to the dawn of human civilization. It emerged independently in various cultures, from the ancient Egyptians’ need to survey and measure land to the Babylonians’ use of geometry in their astronomy. However, it was the Greeks who elevated geometry to an abstract and rigorous science.
Thales of Miletus, often regarded as one of the first geometers, made significant contributions around 600 BCE. His use of deductive reasoning laid the foundation for the systematic study of geometry. Yet, it was Euclid, the “Father of Geometry,” who crystallized these ideas into the celebrated work known as “Elements.”
Euclid’s “Elements,” composed around 300 BCE, is a masterpiece that consists of thirteen books, each exploring different aspects of geometry. It established a logical framework for geometry, consisting of axioms (self-evident truths) and theorems (proven statements), which have influenced mathematical thought for millennia.
Key Concepts in Geometry
Geometry is a treasure trove of fundamental concepts that provide a deeper understanding of the world around us. Here are some key ideas that shape the discipline:
- Points, Lines, and Planes: Geometry commences with these elemental concepts. A point is a location in space with no size, a line is an infinite collection of points that extends infinitely in both directions, and a plane is a flat, two-dimensional surface.
- Angles: Angles are formed when two rays share a common endpoint. They are measured in degrees and radians and are vital for measuring and describing various geometric phenomena.
- Polygons: Polygons are closed geometric figures composed of line segments known as sides. Triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons are examples of polygons with distinct properties.
- Circles: A circle is a set of points equidistant from a central point, forming a closed curve. Circles are fundamental in geometry and have unique properties, such as circumference and area.
- Triangles: Triangles are three-sided polygons with diverse types based on their side lengths and angle measures. The study of triangles is central to geometry and trigonometry.
- Quadrilaterals: Four-sided polygons known as quadrilaterals encompass various shapes, including rectangles, squares, rhombuses, and trapezoids, each with its own unique properties.
- Congruence and Similarity: Congruent shapes have identical sizes and shapes, while similar shapes have the same shape but may vary in size. These concepts are essential in geometry and practical applications like mapmaking.
- Transformations: Transformations involve changing the position, size, or orientation of geometric figures. Common transformations include translations, rotations, reflections, and dilations.
- Solid Geometry: While plane geometry deals with two-dimensional shapes, solid geometry focuses on three-dimensional objects like cubes, cylinders, cones, and spheres. It plays a crucial role in engineering and architecture.
Geometry in Everyday Life
The practical applications of geometry are far-reaching, permeating various aspects of our daily lives. Here are some notable areas where geometry plays a pivotal role:
- Architecture and Design: Architects employ geometric principles to design buildings, ensuring they are both aesthetically pleasing and structurally sound. Geometry aids in creating floor plans, determining dimensions, and complying with safety standards.
- Engineering: Engineers harness geometry to design and analyze mechanical components, bridges, road systems, and electrical circuits. Understanding geometric relationships is essential to the functionality and safety of engineering projects.
- Art and Animation: Geometry is integral to art and animation. Artists use geometric shapes and proportions to create visually appealing compositions, while animators employ mathematical transformations to bring characters and scenes to life.
- Navigation: Geometry underpins navigation systems such as GPS. By triangulating signals from multiple satellites, GPS devices accurately determine a user’s location on Earth’s surface.
- Surveying and Cartography: Surveyors rely on geometry to measure and map land and property boundaries. Cartographers use geometric principles to create accurate maps representing Earth’s surface.
- Computer Graphics: Computer graphics software leverages geometry to render three-dimensional objects on two-dimensional screens. This technology is essential in video games, movies, and simulations.
- Astronomy: Geometry is a cornerstone of celestial navigation and understanding the geometry of our solar system. Astronomers use geometry to calculate the positions of planets, stars, and other celestial bodies.
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Geometry, with its rich history and diverse applications, stands as an enduring testament to human ingenuity and curiosity. From its ancient origins in civilizations across the globe to its modern-day relevance in architecture, engineering, art, and more, geometry continues to shape the way we perceive and interact with the world.
As we have ventured through a thousand words of geometry’s intricate landscape, we have encountered its foundational principles, historical significance, and practical utility. It is a timeless mathematical discipline that both enriches our understanding of the universe and empowers us to shape it in ways that are both innovative and enduring.
Q1: What is geometry?
A1: Geometry is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of shapes, sizes, properties, and dimensions of objects and space. It explores the relationships between points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids.
Q2: Why is geometry important?
A2: Geometry is important because it provides a framework for understanding the spatial aspects of our world. It’s used in various fields, including architecture, engineering, art, and navigation, to solve real-world problems.
Q3: Who is considered the father of geometry?
A3: Euclid, an ancient Greek mathematician, is often referred to as the “Father of Geometry” for his work in compiling and organizing geometric knowledge in his book “Elements.”
Q4: What are the basic elements of geometry?
A4: The basic elements of geometry include points (with no size), lines (infinite sets of points), planes (flat, two-dimensional surfaces), and solids (three-dimensional objects).
Q5: What is the Pythagorean Theorem?
A5: The Pythagorean Theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. It’s often written as a^2 + b^2 = c^2. | <urn:uuid:0eaa72da-d07e-45da-937f-d8b650063687> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://centrenews.org/geometry-spot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100531.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204151108-20231204181108-00697.warc.gz | en | 0.929065 | 1,497 | 4.0625 | 4 |
An exploding field into which many mathematics graduates (and others) are going is known as "Data Science". This is a profession in which people look at data (sometimes "Big Data", sometimes not such big data), and try to figure things out from it. It uses statistics, computer programming, visualisation and knowledge of the context of the data.
This article is a case study showing the type of work a data scientist would do in order to pull together information from different sources to tell a story about it. It is very technical in places, but even skipping over the technical details will give you insight into how exciting it can be to chase after an elusive goal in this field. And if you are interested in finding out more,
there are some suggested references included as well.
This case study discussed what I did to produce the data table in the activity Where Are You Flying?
It turned out to require much more effort than one might have expected, and have many points at which choices had to be made. This gives a little flavour of what someone doing "data science" might have to do on a regular basis, and also some
of the (potentially important) issues in presented data. For this reason, it is written more like a story or journal entry than a nice "cleaned-up" explanation of how the data was finally extracted. At the end, there are some questions to ponder and further investigation.
Getting the raw data
The two things I needed were a list of which countries are in which continent, and where planes flew from London. The continents turned out to be a little easier, at least to begin with...
- I obtained information on continents from Wikipedia. This page has lots more information than I needed (or so I thought). But it links to a page with nice
computer-readable source (click on the "Edit page" icon or the "Edit" tab to access the source text). I copied the list of countries and the continent abbreviations into two separate files which you can download: continents.txt and continent-abbreviations.csv. (CSV stands for "comma-separated values", a plain-text format for spreadsheet-like data; this file can be opened in any spreadsheet software.)
- Getting historical flight data proved to be more challenging. The American Government publishes freely-available historic flight data on internal flights within the USA via the Bureau of Transportation Statistics website. But there is no British equivalent, as far as I can tell.
- There are commercial providers which will sell data on international flights and internal commercial flights within other countries. This data clearly has commercial value. But I was looking for an "open data" solution to my question as I really didn't want to have to pay to create this activity.
- The UK's Civil Aviation Authority publishes some summary statistics, rather than the flight-by-flight data that the USA publishes. So I decided to make do with that. I downloaded the 2017 annual punctuality statistics from their website
and saved the file as caa-flight-delays.csv.
Wrangling the data
Real-life data is messy. Different data sources are in incompatible formats or use different conventions. Sometimes data is missing. This is a problem that librarians and information professionals have been dealing with for well over a century: how do we organise information in such a way that connected items can be easily matched up? They have come up with a variety of
good solutions, but as there are multiple solutions, different organisations use different ones (and some don't follow any of the standard solutions), which can also cause difficulties, as we will see...
So here's what I did to clean up and draw the data together, using the Open Source software R
and the tidyverse suite. (You can read much more about working with this software in Hadley Wickham's book R for Data Science
, which he has made freely available.) The
final code I wrote is in the file get-london-flights.R
, but there was also a fair amount of playing with the data in RStudio to get a feel for it and to try things out. For example, I regularly looked at the data tables to ensure that things appeared to be reasonable before going further, or asked for a list of airports in the file to
ensure that I spelled everything correctly.
The continents and countries
- The continent abbreviation data was almost fine: I just read in the data table, except that the abbreviation for North America, "NA", was interpreted by R as meaning "the data is Not Available", so I had to take account of that.
- The format of the country names in the Wikipedia data file is something like "Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of" (just taking the first country on the list). Some countries don't have a comma, for example "American Samoa". That's not too bad; I can handle that. I started by checking that each country appears only once in the table, as problems will arise later if that's not
the case. This is relatively easy to do in R, using something like:
continents_raw %>% group_by(Name) %>% count() %>% filter(n > 1)
Oh dear. It turned out that some countries appear twice in the data file, mostly those spanning Europe and Asia. There are also interesting and significant cases (at least for my purposes) such as Madeira, which is part of Portugal but lies on the continental shelf of Africa: there are many flights to Madeira listed in the CAA flight data file (as I discovered later). A decision
had to be made for each of these. I decided that most of the Europe/Asia countries should be classified as Asia for this purpose, for no particularly good reason. However, for the Russian Federation, I decided to regard it as lying entirely in Europe: almost all of the flights are to Moscow or St Petersburg, which are in Europe. This was the first set of decisions I had to make;
different decisions might have made a difference to the results.
- On a more technical note, the format of the Wikipedia data is a little weird. I regarded it as a CSV file with funny field separators (the "|" symbol), but then fields were separated by a pair of these "|" symbols. So I ended up with lots of unnecessary columns, which I then deleted. (Oh, and the header row was separated with "!" symbols instead, so I manually edited the
file to make it consistent.)
The flight data
- The first step was to look at the data table to get a feel for it. My initial observations included noting:
- The country names are in UPPER CASE, whereas in the Wikipedia file they are just Capitalised.
- The country names are short; they don't appear to have the parts after the commas in the Wikipedia file.
- There is a column called "arrival_departure" which seems to indicate whether this row of the table is referring to flights arriving into the airport ("A") or departing from the airport ("D").
- Some rows have 0 flights! (The "number_flights_matched" column.)
- To handle these, I did the following:
- I split the Wikipedia country names at the comma, and made two columns in the continents table, one with just the main name ("name.main") and one with the full name ("name.full"), and I also capitalised them; for example, "Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of" became "AFGHANISTAN" (for "name.main") and "ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN" (for "name.full"). By looking at a few rows of the
flight data, I suspect that the "name.main" column will be much more useful.
- For the flight data, I only kept rows which had an "arrival_departure" value of "D", and for which there was at least one flight recorded.
- At some point, I thought I really ought to check that only one country has each main name, but it turns out that this is not the case: there are two pairs of countries which have the same main name, CONGO and KOREA. For each of these, the two countries involved are in the same continent (Africa and Asia, respectively), so I need keep only one of each pair for my purposes. (The
particular choice of which to keep does not make any political statement, though other choices I made earlier might do so. I did, however, choose to remain consistent with the countries actually appearing in the CAA data.)
- I filtered the CAA flight data to only keep flights out of the London airports, as those are what I am interested in on this occasion. There is a question here: which airports count as London airports? Is "London Gatwick" a London airport? What about "London Southend"? I followed the CAA classification that these are both considered as "London area" airports (though in
my first iteration, I excluded Southend - I later found the CAA classification).
Tying the flights and continents data together
I now have a table of countries and the continents they lie in, and a table giving the number of flights out of the London airports and their destinations. To count the number of flights to different continents, I somehow need to tie these two together.
- I started by listing all the countries appearing in the CAA table, and doing a quick visual scan. (Something like: unique(caa_data$origin_destination_country) will do this.) It is hard to scan over the entire file, so listing each country appearing makes this a manageable task.
- A couple of things jumped out at me: three entries have parentheses, namely "SPAIN(CANARY ISLANDS)", "PORTUGAL(MADEIRA)" and "PORTUGAL(EXCLUDING MADEIRA)". I'll get rid of the parentheses before I go further. (This is where I needed to decide whether Madeira is in Europe or Africa; I went with Europe.) There's also a country called "Unknown" (not in upper case) which I
removed as there are only two flights involved. This left me with a new column called "destination country" with the cleaned-up name.
- Now, all I need to do is to match the countries in the CAA table with the short names in the continents table. I started by checking that every country in the CAA table appears in the Wikipedia table. It turned out that there were 19 missing. (I used the anti_join function to do this, as in the R source code.) 13 of these just had slightly different names in the two
tables, 5 had the full names in the CAA table, and 1 (KOSOVO) did not appear at all. Kosovo is missing from the Wikipedia table, presumably because it is not currently recognised as a country by the UN, so I added it to the table of continents. For the other 18, I manually created a new table listing these, giving the corresponding CAA and Wikipedia names, and then merged this
information into the flights table.
Why is it that the country names in these two data sources don't match? It turns out that there is no generally agreed naming system for countries! Wikipedia bases its list on the United Nations list of preferred English names; see here
for information on their working group and their report. Within the report, it
is clear that countries have multiple names.
On the other hand, the Getty Research Institute has an internationally-recognised Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)
, which is relied upon by institutions around the world; their preferred English names of countries sometimes differs from the UN names.
The CAA data does not seem to match either of these two; it is not clear where their country names come from.
This sort of data processing issue shows how valuable it is to make use of a widely recognised naming convention for something like country names: it makes further data analysis feasible.
Analysing the data
- At long last, I was ready to analyse the data! It made sense to handle domestic flights separately, which I did by adding a fictitious continent called "UK" to the table of continent codes, and changing the continent code of "UNITED KINGDOM" to "UK". That was far simpler than trying to separate out the domestic flights from the caa_data table and dealing with it as a special
- After that, I simply matched up the continents table to the caa_data table to associate every route with the continent it's in, then counted up the total number of flights for each continent.
- Finally, I tied up the continent names with each continent code, so that the table would be more readable.
- I then output the table as a CSV file, so that I could read it into any spreadsheet software. This table, continents-count.csv, is reproduced at the start of the activity Where Are You Flying?
Representing the data
Now that I had the data, I had to decide how to represent it. For the sake of this activity, I decided to use Excel to produce pictorial representations (even though R would do a perfectly good job), as that way I can play with some "interesting" representations which R might be less happy about generating. I also used graphics software to produce some of the graphics.
Some further questions
This resource is part of the collection Statistics - Maths of Real Life
- Would the results be significantly different if we included all UK airports rather than just the London-area ones?
- Did I use the correct data? What other sources of data can you find on the CAA website which might give better data, or at least more useful data?
- What other interesting questions could you ask about the data available? How might you go about answering them?
- Are there other questions related to flights you'd like to know the answers to, but for which the data is not available? How might you go about collecting the data you'd need to answer your questions?
The icon for this article incorporates the R logo, obtained from the R Project website. Its use is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC-BY-SA 4.0). While this article talks about using R, it has not been
endorsed by the R Project and should not be taken as representing the views of the R Project in any way. | <urn:uuid:3e76d62e-e648-41fe-aab8-7a4f10c90a24> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://nrich.maths.org/13862 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655879532.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702142549-20200702172549-00552.warc.gz | en | 0.955339 | 3,037 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The main point of this competition is to have fun outside while learning about the wonderful birds of in your area. You can count birds in your yard or traverse the state. A team that successfully identifies 20 species in their yard and has a great time is just as important as a team that drives hundreds of miles and finds 120 species or more. By understanding the basic habitat preferences of birds “in your area”, you will know what to expect in each habitat you visit. Edges between habitat types can be particularly good places to look for birds. None of this information should be seen as the right way to do it, as most of the fun of birding is exploring on your own and finding good places and birds.
- Birds are creatures of habitat:
The more habitats you visit, the more bird species you will find. Many species are only found in specific habitats, and if you don’t visit these sites, you won’t find the birds. Therefore, as you plan where to go, try to include as many different types of habitats as possible such as ponds, lakes, streams, pine forests, hardwood forests, fields, wetlands, etc. By understanding the basic habitat preferences of our birds, you will know what to expect in each habitat you visit. Edges between habitat types can be particularly good places to look for birds.
- Birds are also creatures of habit:
It is helpful to know what to expect in TIME OF YEAR in STATE/CITY/WILDLIFE AREA. NOTE: R4B can provide you with custom checklists for your R4B geographic area and time of year.
- The more you know, the more you will find:
It goes without saying that the more you know about the birds, the more you will find. You will learn to make identifications with just a quick look, or even by the song alone. This type of skill takes time to develop however, so don’t get frustrated. Instead, take advantage of your team mentor and training days designed to help you develop these skills. Just as important, get outside on your own with binoculars and a field guide, and practice. Don’t stop once you have identified a bird. Studying behavior can be a great way to learn more about a bird and will help you identify it more quickly the next time you see it.
- Take advantage of easily available birding resources:
SEE: More Birding Resources or consult your Mentors. | <urn:uuid:fb96e507-0f33-486f-8626-82c848a3e087> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.race4birds.org/strategies.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371606067.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200405150416-20200405180916-00317.warc.gz | en | 0.945936 | 511 | 3.59375 | 4 |
More than forty years after the war, Robert Stiles, the Richmond Howitzers’ memoirist, recalled that the bloody defeat at Malvern Hill in 1862 depressed much of the gray army.
“The demoralization was great and the evidences of it palpable everywhere. The roads and the forests were full of stragglers; commands were inextricably confused, some, for the time, having actually disappeared. Those who retained sufficient self-respect and sense of responsibility to think of the future were filled with the deepest apprehension.”
That would be no wonder for the 13th which lost fifteen of its officers along with thirty-three privates, all of them killed outright or mortally wounded.
Adding the sixty-one wounded among the six hundred forty they took into the fight, they had suffered almost twenty percent casualties.
Regimental commander Lieutenant Colonel John L. Carter was only severely wounded, but the dead included Dewitt C. Marshall, the 13th’s sergeant major, and captains William J. Eckford of the Wayne Rifles and Lawrence L. Barker of the Pettus Guards.
The Winston Guards had lost two lieutenants and the Pettus Guards and the Alamutcha Infantry had each lost one. The Pettus Guards and the Newton Rifles had each lost their first sergeant.
The Winston Guards had lost a junior sergeant and so had the Kemper Legion and the Alamutcha Infantry. The Alamutcha’s also had lost a corporal, but the Wayne Rifles had lost two.
Indeed, the Wayne Rifles had the most men killed, eleven in all, seconded only by the Pettus Guards with eight. And one reason the Wayne Rifles had lost so many was due to a misunderstood command.
1st Lieutenant Samuel H. Powe, who would succeed Eckford, a graduate of Princeton University, as captain of the Wayne Rifles, described the misunderstanding in an 1864 letter, according to the regiment’s independent historian Jess N. McLean:
“Our regiment advanced to within one hundred yards of the enemy’s line,” Powe wrote, “when a halt was ordered and a general firing ensued on our side. Being on top of a ridge and greatly exposed an order was given by Lt. Col. Carter to ‘fall back,’ which Capt. Eckford, being on the extreme left, understood as ‘forward.’
“When he immediately gave the order ‘Forward my brave boys” and waving his sword over his head, and at the same time half turning towards his men, he was struck by a ball to the heart…passing out the right side of his backbone.”
Eckford lived until 10 p.m. that night, July 1, 1862, according to Powe. His fellow captain, Lawrence L. Barker of the Pettus Guards, was killed outright. | <urn:uuid:c8bd5dd6-1130-4544-81d8-dae827ac35f5> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://13thmississippi.com/2011/01/26/among-the-dead/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143784.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200218150621-20200218180621-00117.warc.gz | en | 0.984105 | 605 | 2.6875 | 3 |
We've answered some of your questions about the Butterfly Task Force here...
What do we do with all the timber and brash that arises from conservation work to benefit High Brown Fritillaries?
The usual choice is firewood, habitat piles or bonfire.
Local coppice worker, Sam Ansell, ran a training workshop at Yealand Hall Allotment and now the volunteers can make:
- Bean and pea sticks
- Hedging stakes
- Faggots – used to protect riverbanks from erosion
- Woven hazel hurdles
All these products could be sold to pay towards work in the future.
Why are the task force volunteers out every week felling, dragging, chopping and burning?
In a winter season the volunteers work hundreds of hours because they:
- like working outdoors
- like meeting people
- wanted something to do now retired
- wanted to keep fit
- want to help conserve butterflies
- live near the Butterfly Conservation Reserve
What is the volunteers' favourite soup?
Task Force volunteers enjoy hot lunches when they have a bonfire on site and tins of soup warm up in minutes in the hot ashes.
A survey of the Lancashire and Cumbria task force volunteers votes Curried Parsnip as top for vegetarians and Pea and Ham for Meaties. The Marmalade Hoverflies like it as well!
What to do about brambles - a thorny problem?
Brambles can spread quickly over grassland and newly coppiced areas, smothering out the violets and other flowers that the butterflies need. But they are hard to control. The usual methods used are:
- Brush cut and rake
- Hand cut and rake
- Dig out
- Snip below ground level
We are trialling all the methods to see what works best at Yealand Hall Allotment and welcome any ideas and suggestions.
What has “the co-operative” got to do with Butterfly Conservation?
The co-operative group, through their “Join the Revolution” scheme is funding part of the MBBTF and hosting displays in eight of their foodstores around Morecambe Bay. Co-op Green Revolution Schools are going to be learning more about butterflies through activities in school, improving school grounds, moth nights and butterfly walks in summer.
Watch this space!
To burn or not to burn - that is the question?
|Air pollution and contribution to CO2 in atmosphere||Creates maximum clear ground for woodland flowers used by butterflies|
|Damaging to soil and habitat of burn site||Prevents development of bramble piles over brash heaps|
|Removes nutrients from woodland cycle
||Allows easy access for livestock to grassland|
|Time consuming||Keeps volunteers warm and provides lunch!|
|Loss of habitat for birds and small mammals|
How to reduce costs?
- Use a fire platform.
- Do not burn dead or rotting wood, leave it scattered.
- Make proper habitat piles or wigwams to suit variety of other wildlife.
- Use brash to protect coppice stools from grazing by deer or livestock. | <urn:uuid:7eee356a-fc32-4e52-bc9c-d2584737f62e> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://butterfly-conservation.org/5386/butterfly-task-force-qa.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825141.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022041437-20171022061437-00806.warc.gz | en | 0.907118 | 664 | 2.6875 | 3 |
IGAC’s Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is being published as a series of papers in the peer-reviewed, open-access journal, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. The papers are appearing in a Special Feature of Elementa as they are accepted for publication, with the latest paper, TOAR-Climate available this month:
Previous assessments of tropospheric ozone and its importance as a greenhouse gas have primarily focused on the processes that control ozone on the regional and global scale. In contrast, TOAR-Climate (Gaudel et al., 2018) assesses tropospheric ozone’s observed global distribution and trends from the mid-1970s to 2016, with the goal of providing a wide range of in situ and remotely sensed ozone observations for quantifying the tropospheric ozone burden and to evaluate the global atmospheric chemistry models that estimate ozone’s present and future radiative forcing. The analyses utilize TOAR’s unique Surface Ozone Database as well as free tropospheric ozone observations collected from ozonesondes, commercial aircraft and ground-based remote sensing instruments. The ozone distribution and trends are presented regionally, and the paper concludes with the first intercomparison of the global tropospheric ozone burden, as measured by multiple satellite instruments.
Gaudel, A, et al. 2018. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Elem Sci Anth, 6: 39. DOI: https://www.elementascience.org/articles/10.1525/elementa.291/ | <urn:uuid:15149a7b-2eb0-47ef-9cbb-1dc5efa33786> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.sparc-climate.org/2018/05/14/igacs-toar-special-feature-assessment-of-tropospheric-ozones-observed-global-distribution-and-trends-from-the-mid-1970s-to-2016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224649105.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603032950-20230603062950-00686.warc.gz | en | 0.884256 | 341 | 2.734375 | 3 |
EU Green Week 2020 will address the theme of nature and biodiversity. It will examine how EU policies such as the European Green Deal can help protect and restore nature, and will seek to provide input to COP 15 to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Today’s violent conflicts are proving deadlier and more difficult to resolve than ever before. In addition, there is a growing recognition of the role of climate change in exacerbating conflict risks. In light of these, a new report by UNU-CPR aims to support the UN and its partners in developing climate-sensitive conflict prevention approaches.
Nature and its vital contributions to people are deteriorating worldwide, and the goals for conserving and sustainably using nature and achieving sustainability goals cannot be met by current trajectories, unless transformative changes are made.
Evidence from existing programs shows that climate change adaptation interventions can contribute to peacebuilding, and peacebuilding can have significant adaptation benefits.
The eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES CoP18) will meet in Geneva, Switzerland, from 17 to 28 August 2019. | <urn:uuid:34b1ca24-bff9-4713-9fe0-e1c26e79f343> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://library.ecc-platform.org/database-articles-publications?f%5B0%5D=field_region_topics%3A843&f%5B1%5D=field_region_topics%3A849&f%5B2%5D=field_topic%3A787&f%5B4%5D=field_region_topics%3A842 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655878519.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702045758-20200702075758-00578.warc.gz | en | 0.919387 | 238 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Jan 1, 1992
This Note analyzes a number of transportation and propulsion options for Mars exploration missions. For space transportation options, the operational figures of merit that are of interest are (1) initial mass in low Earth orbit (IMLEO) and (2) transit times to and from the destination planet. It is desirable for both these parameters to have low values. Of the space transportation options examined, two approaches are most interesting: split missions, which use cargo spacecraft that follow low-energy trajectories to pre-position in Mars orbit the mass needed for Mars exploration and Earth return; and the use of in-situ propellants, which offer the potential for large reductions in IMLEO. To reduce IMLEO and trip time substantially, nuclear systems should be considered; a range of such systems is described. Almost all of the space transportation options evaluated would benefit from orbital transfer systems that can economically transfer large masses from low Earth orbit to high Earth orbits and Lunar space. In addition, all of these options would benefit from the development of propellant sources either on the Moon, on Martian systems, or both. | <urn:uuid:459267e8-33a1-47e8-9350-c078be269ed7> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N3283.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609540626.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005220-00620-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899424 | 226 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Japanese tsunami debris project
At the end of the month, Australian environmentalist Paul Sharp will be taking part in the first scientific survey of Japanese tsunami debris. Plastic debris from the 2011 tsunami continues to float across the Pacific Ocean towards the United States. Scientists want to know how it's affecting the marine ecology.
- Paul Sharp
- Peter Murphy
- Marine Debris Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States
- Ali Benton | <urn:uuid:2332209c-148e-4ea8-9c69-350b06a3e807> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/breakfast/japanese-tsunami-debris-project/4011370?site=perth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823260.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019084246-20171019104246-00634.warc.gz | en | 0.860411 | 91 | 2.65625 | 3 |
In early 1978 President Carter was pushing for ratification of the treaty he had negotiated with the Republic of Panama over the ultimate ownership of the Panama Canal.
The purpose of the exercise was to undercut and neutralize the routine Soviet propaganda argument that Uncle Sam is the exploiter of Latin Americans and is their enemy, not their friend.
The old situation in Panama was the ownership by the United States of a strip of territory running across the Isthmus of Panama and bisecting the republic. In that strip known as the Canal Zone white Americans were accustomed to the kind of preferential status over less white ''natives'' such as that European colonialists were accustomed to enjoy throughout the 19th century in Asia and Africa.
In the Canal Zone in the old times established by Teddy Roosevelt (and enjoyed by the beneficiaries) whites were paid in gold but ''natives'' in silver. Other appropriate differences separated the elect from their inferiors. It was a condition accepted generally during the 19th century, although sometimes resented by the natives. (The ''Black Hole of Calcutta'' was an incident of such occasional resentment.)
The idea of Euro-Americans being entitled to superior treatment failed to make the journey from the pre-1914 world into the post-1945 world. Colonialism became a bad word. The 19th-century empires collapsed. The Dutch, the French, the Portuguese, and the British hauled down their far-flung flags and went home. The Americans moved with the times. They, too, took down their flag from Cuba and the Philippines. But they hung onto their special privileges in the Panama Canal Zone until 1978.
Mr. Carter at the urging of the State Department worked out a new arrangement with Panama under which the US would retain de facto military control but give up the appearance and trappings of ''sovereignty'' at once - and turn the canal over to the Panamanians in 1999.
It was not popular in the US. Most polls showed public opinion about evenly divided, but with the advantage to the opposition. A New York Times/CBS poll taken at the peak of the debate in January showed 49 percent in favor to 51 percent against. One Gallup poll showed it the other way around with 45 percent in favor to 42 percent against. But it was narrow, and the opposition was lively.
President Carter's strongest argument which he used to the full on the Senate was that rejection of the treaty would cripple the President in his conduct of foreign policy. He asked Republicans to support him on this ground.
Ronald Reagan of California, a candidate for the Republican nomination in 1976 and in the lists for another try in 1980, joined the fray and became the most popular and vivid of the political opponents of the treaty. He argued that if the US gave up its ''rights of sovereignty'' over the canal it could be a first step toward ''loss of our freedom.''
Mr. Reagan in 1978 had little consideration for the idea of the effectiveness of the presidential office in the conduct of foreign policy. His anti-canal treaty speech went down well throughout the Southwest and particularly at American Legion and other patriotic organization meetings. It helped him to get nominated and elected in 1980.
Last week in Washington President Ronald Reagan urged both Republicans and Democrats to support him over the sale of American AWACS planes and other modern weapons to Saudi Arabia. His strongest argument was that rejection of the sale would cripple the presidency in the conduct of foreign policy. He was supported in this project by all of his living predecessors, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter. Mr. Carter was not holding a grudge.
But the leader of the Democrats in the Senate, Robert Byrd of West Virginia, felt under no obligation to go along. Nor did most of the other Democrats in the Senate. If Mr. Reagan had felt free to brush aside the argument of the importance of sustaining the presidency in foreign policy during the Panama treaty fight, should they be bound by it in this fight in 1981? Besides, Democrats lost many Jewish voters to Mr. Reagan in 1981. Here was an ideal chance to win some of them back to their customary allegiance to the Democrats.
In theory in the US politics end at the water's edge.
The theory did not help Mr. Carter with Mr. Reagan in 1978.
It did not impress the Senate Democrats last Wednesday when the vote came on the AWACS deal. They voted 36-11 against Mr. Reagan.
Would the story have been different had Mr. Reagan in 1978 believed in the importance of sustaining the presidency in foreign policy matters?
P.S. Since becoming President, Mr. Reagan has had nothing further to say about the Panama Canal Treaty. | <urn:uuid:5b09ab3b-3f69-49d8-bb9d-3df42baf483c> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1103/110318.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823284.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019122155-20171019142155-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.975539 | 955 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Under the direction of stake, mission, or district leaders, priesthood and auxiliary leaders are to teach parents to understand and perform the three basic family responsibilities (see pages 12–15). Leaders should teach fathers and mothers how to lead their families. If a family lives in an isolated area, the stake, mission, or district leaders are to see that parents learn and fulfill their responsibilities.
Official Web site of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
© 2014 Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:cd2cf551-2da3-4f15-a56f-055916209856> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | https://www.lds.org/manual/print/family-guidebook/leadership-training?lang=eng | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609533308.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005213-00425-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955098 | 102 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Neurons in the brain detect changes in nutritional status and environment, and relay signals to their downstream targets to regulate food intake and energy expenditure, the balance of which is critical to maintain normal body weight and protect from obesity. Given the complexity of the brain, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. Efficient treatment of obesity is thus still lacking. Although a lot of success has been recently achieved in dissecting the neural circuitry of feeding behaviors, the research to understand the neural basis of energy expenditure is still in its infancy. In a recent study, we focused on a group of hypothalamic neurons labeled by cre activity in Rip-cre transgenic mice, thereafter referred to as RIP neurons, and uncovered an arcuate-based circuit that selectively drives brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and energy expenditure. Specifically, we disrupted GABAergic neurotransmission from these neurons in a cre-dependent manner and observed that mice lacking synaptic GABA release from RIP neurons have reduced energy expenditure and become obese, and are extremely sensitive to high fat diet-induced obesity due to defective thermogenesis. Leptin's ability to stimulate energy expenditure is also attenuated in these animals. With pharmacogenetic DREADDs, we acutely and selectively activated the subset of RIP neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and rapidly stimulated BAT-mediated energy expenditure. Moreover, with channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping (CRACM), we characterized that ARC RIP neurons project to the paraventricular nucleus (PVH) and specifically innervate the PVH neurons that project to the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) in the brain stem. Of great interest, we observed that RIP neurons have no effects in regulating food intake. These findings demonstrate that GABAergic RIP neurons in the ARC selectively drive energy expenditure, contribute to leptin's stimulatory effect on thermogenesis, and protect against diet-induced obesity. Given the importance of these neurons in maintaining body weight and resisting obesity, it is crucial to comprehensively understand their related neural circuitry.
In Aim 1, we set out to employ advanced optogenetic and deep brain imaging approaches to investigate the regulations of RIP neurons during thermoregulation and functionally assess their projection to the PVH in stimulating energy expenditure.
In Aim 2, we will focus on the output signals of RIP neurons in the PVH and identify their efferent subset of neurons that convey their signals to the BAT. Finally, in Aim 3, we will survey the afferent inputs of RIP neurons within a microcircuit in the arcuate nucleus and scrutinize their functions in regulating energy expenditure. In total, these proposed studies could significantly advance our understanding of the neural basis of energy expenditure and provide novel information to prevent obesity.
Neurons in the brain regulate the balance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, maintain normal body weight, and prevent the development of metabolic disorders like obesity. Due to the complexity of the brain and limited availability of technologies, the neural mechanisms underlying these processes are still poorly understood. In this proposal, we will employ multiple cutting-edge technologies to investigate a neural circuit in the brain that selectively drives energy expenditure and prevents diet-induced obesity.
|Lockie, Sarah H; Stark, Romana; Mequinion, Mathieu et al. (2018) Glucose Availability Predicts the Feeding Response to Ghrelin in Male Mice, an Effect Dependent on AMPK in AgRP Neurons. Endocrinology 159:3605-3614|
|Killion, Elizabeth A; Reeves, Andrew R; El Azzouny, Mahmoud A et al. (2018) A role for long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (ACSL4) in diet-induced phospholipid remodeling and obesity-associated adipocyte dysfunction. Mol Metab 9:43-56|
|Xu, Jie; Bartolome, Christopher L; Low, Cho Shing et al. (2018) Genetic identification of leptin neural circuits in energy and glucose homeostases. Nature 556:505-509|
|Felsted, Jennifer A; Chien, Cheng-Hao; Wang, Dongqing et al. (2017) Alpha2delta-1 in SF1+ Neurons of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Is an Essential Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis. Cell Rep 21:2737-2747|
|Vetrivelan, Ramalingam; Kong, Dong; Ferrari, Loris L et al. (2016) Melanin-concentrating hormone neurons specifically promote rapid eye movement sleep in mice. Neuroscience 336:102-113|
|Kong, Dong; Dagon, Yossi; Campbell, John N et al. (2016) A Postsynaptic AMPK?p21-Activated Kinase Pathway Drives Fasting-Induced Synaptic Plasticity in AgRP Neurons. Neuron 91:25-33| | <urn:uuid:f075bf21-d7b4-4049-ad07-0e79c3a8e005> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-DK108797-01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655899931.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709100539-20200709130539-00587.warc.gz | en | 0.890841 | 1,024 | 2.625 | 3 |
(as’-et-il) A univalent radical supposed to exist in acetic acid and its derivatives. Aldehyd may be regarded as the hydrid and acetic acid as the hydrate, of acetyl. A. Peroxid, It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is decomposed in sunlight and explodes violently when heated.
Did you find this definition of ACETYL helpful? You can share it by copying the code below and adding it to your blog or web page. Definition of ACETYL | <urn:uuid:e496a0cf-1dba-4e6a-901f-d2876bdddf6e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://thebigdictionary.com/acetyl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703227943/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112027-00085-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922371 | 109 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Daily, it becomes easier to make an environmentally friendly consumer decision. Whether to buy biodegradable cat litter or a toothbrush made from plastic, you have options.
An item that isn’t biodegradable will be a burden to the environment. It leaves toxic effects that are endless in some cases, i.e., plastic pollution. Don’t get it twisted – you should enjoy your desired activities, whether for work or leisure, but it is up to you to ensure they don’t leave a permanent mark on the ecosystem.
Are there biodegradable airsoft BBs? These balls are indispensable for shooting practice or recreation, and you will use a lot of them in your lifetime. So, can you choose an environmentally sustainable and friendly product? More importantly, are airsoft BBs biodegradable? Keep reading, and you will find the answer!
What are Airsoft BBs Made of?
Modern airsoft BBs are made of polylactic acid plastic, but conventional ones come from petroleum-based plastic. The sustainable form of airsoft BBs are bioplastic products which mean they are made from plant matter. Polylactic acid may sound like another synthetic plastic polymer, but what it really is is a composition of lactic acid building blocks.
Bioactive polyester is a plastic-type made from plants or organic matter. This is what airsoft BBs are classified as. But more specifically, airsoft ammo is made from polylactic acid or PLA.
PLA was invented in 1932 by Wallace Carothers, an American chemist, and inventor. He discovered this substance during an attempt to separate condensed water from lactic acid using a vacuum.
However, airsoft BBs weren’t the immediate products made from this compound. Instead, it was more popular in the health industry because of its biodegradability. Perhaps that is what makes it ideal for an activity like target practice.
With time, manufacturers realized that there was an array of production activities PLA could be used for, including making airsoft BBs for consumers who love the shooting range.
In target practice, the best shooting materials are those that decompose naturally. This saves you the stress of cleaning up when you finish up.
If you leave the airsoft BBs on the ground, nothing will happen to the environment because they are essentially lactic acid. You only need sour milk to make lactic acid, but it is still a bioproduct.
Airsoft BBs are between the sizes of 6mm to 8mm in diameter. Each ball weighs between 0.12 grams to 0.40 grams. There are different available weights for various shooting styles and practices, so you must choose the one that best suits your desired activities.
Are Airsoft BBS Biodegradable?
It depends on what the product Airsoft BBS is made from. If it is petroleum-based, it will not break down. But when it is made from polylactic acid or PLA, a by-product of milk, animals, or plants, it is organic waste. This will biodegrade. PLA also comes from plant products like cassava, corn, and sugar beet pulp.
Bioplastics may be the savior of the consumer and manufacturing world as we know it. They are biodegradable plastics, which are a welcome deviation from the norm. We could provide endless details about how plastics destroy the environment, but you can find the information anywhere and everywhere.
Since the mid-1970s, the dangers of plastics have been on the rise. Our consumption continues to grow beyond reasonable measure, and destructive items like single-use plastic have entered the scene.
Single-use plastics are the bane of environmental safety. They affect every aspect of biodiversity, including man.
Plastic pollution is also a danger we want to avoid, even though the problem has been around for over fifty years. It wreaks havoc on humans, and aspects of the environment, including the oceans.
Fish ingest up to 12,000 tons of plastic yearly; it kills them by blocking their intestines, and when they die, other fish eat them. The danger is transferred in the process, and before you know it, the plastic is done more harm than all the useful applications it was designed for.
Plastics are among the highest consumed manufactured materials worldwide. A significant portion of our petroleum or crude oil resources is dedicated to manufacturing plastic, one of the most dangerous materials on earth.
Therefore, when there is a deviation from this consumption style, it is a saving grace for the ecosystem.
Airsoft BBs are biodegradable because they are made from milk. They also lack synthetic additives like polymers or toxic poisons that will affect the environment during biodegradation.
PLA can break down anywhere because it is a part of the ecosystem.
How Long Do Airsoft BBs Take to Biodegrade?
There are different opinions about how long it takes for airsoft BBs to biodegrade. It depends on the environment; it will break down faster in higher temperatures, ranging between 55°C to 70°C. Other factors that determine how fast this material will break down include the activities of microbes in the area, additional additives in the airsoft BBs, access to UV radiation, and aeration within the water.
One thing is clear about how long it takes PLA to biodegrade. It will undoubtedly break down before conventional plastic, which may take up to five hundred years.
This is why PLA was created – to reduce the environmental impacts of the production materials like plastics; they don’t break down fast, and worse yet, they release harmful chemicals into the environment.
There is a difference between PLA and plastic if you don’t already know. Airsoft BBs are made from polylactic acid, a natural substance derived from items like corn, sugarcane, and even milk.
Many controversies exist about how long this material will take to break down, but it depends on where the decomposition is taking place in the environment.
PLA is hygroscopic, which means it will absorb water. When this happens, the fibers become weaker, and they may not break down at a fast rate, but decomposition will eventually happen. It will be even speedier if the factors we mentioned earlier are present in the water.
In landfills or somewhere in the practice range area, an airsoft BB will only break down fast if exposed to a high temperature. Under normal room temperature, PLA will decompose slowly.
Suffice it to say that airsoft BBs may not break down as fast as desired, but even they will not harm the environment in the process. They will not release any toxic substances while decomposing. But even better, the world will not be left with micro- and nano-plastics at the end of its lifecycle.
Are Biodegradable Airsoft BBs Toxic?
No, airsoft BBs are not toxic. Airsoft BBs are made from plant and animal matter and require no synthetic additives. Therefore, they are all-natural and a hundred percent biodegradable, as intended.
Airsoft BBs are made from a material that will break down in water or on land. The best part is that they have no adverse effect on the environment during decomposition.
Chemicals and synthetic polymers are two primary substances that can change the toxicity level of material, and biodegradable airsoft BBs don’t contain them.
If anything, PLA was designed to replace plastic because the latter substance is hazardous to the environment. Plastic polymers cannot break down entirely, but they leave microplastics behind when they decompose.
Their decomposition process is also destructive because it emits dangerous toxins into the soil and atmosphere. These downsides are not common in biodegradable products like airsoft BBs.
They will break down fast, but that is not even all. Since airsoft BBs are organic matter, they will leave nutrients behind for plants and the soil. In other words, airsoft BBs will break down into humus, a useful organic matter.
Difference Between Biodegradable and Regular BBs?
The difference between biodegradable BBs and regular BBs is the material the manufacturer has used in production. Biodegradable BBs are made from polylactic acid or PLA, a water-soluble plastic. In contrast, traditional BBs used to be made with copper or zinc. Other times, they are made from a plastic called acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is a type of plastic that takes several decades to break down. The same applies to metals – metals and plastics don’t break down fast, and when they do, they leave particles behind.
In the case of plastics, these particles are harmful and unwanted because they poison the ecosystem. Humans are not spared either – microplastics can find their way into the respiratory or digestive system through the air, food, or water we are exposed to.
In addition to exposure to nano- and microplastics, plastics also leach toxic substances into the environment while breaking down.
In contrast, biodegradable BBs will not leave a trace! They will break down the same way a biodegradable item will. The result is always the same – humus for soil and plants to improve from.
Petroleum-based products like regular BBs don’t break down. But polylactic acid was designed primarily with biodegradation in mind.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biodegradable BBs?
The advantages of airsoft BBs include their biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and consideration of wildlife and the ecosystem. However, the disadvantage is that it deteriorates fast; after opening it.
Advantages of Biodegradable BBs
They are Better for Wildlife
If you use biodegradable BBs, you are doing the right thing for many reasons. There are also upsides that you will enjoy, including the access to outdoor shooting ranges. This is because they break down within three months, unlike plastic-based BBs, which break down only after several decades.
Furthermore, if animals in your shooting range find and eat the leftover pellets, nothing will happen because biodegradable BBs are organic matter.
They have Better Environmental Impacts
Biodegradable BBs are better for the environment because they decompose fast. They are also made from natural and renewable resources, so we don’t expect our supply to dwindle anytime soon, as opposed to manufacturing petroleum-based products.
The process of manufacturing non-synthetic products is better for the environment than what goes down when producing items like plastic BBs. Chemicals will be added, energy will be burnt on a large scale, and many other environmental ills involved in production.
They have Better Disposal Options
Biodegradable BBs are also compostable, so you can put them in a compost pile. Or they will deteriorate fast in nature.
Disadvantages of Biodegradable BBs
They are slightly costlier
On the other hand, the downside of using biodegradable BBs is that they are more expensive, albeit by just a few dollars.
They Spoil Faster
Airsoft BBs that are biodegradable are more susceptible to water and oxygen damage, so you must use them as soon as possible after opening a pack. At most, you have three years before they become useless.
They May Affect Your Equipment
Finally, biodegradable BBs have a different composition than non-biodegradable BBs. This is a blessing and a bane. It may also be a problem because of the impact the coating has on your gun over time.
Are Biodegradable BBs Bad for the Environment?
No, biodegradable BBs are not bad for the environment. In contrast, they are better for the ecosystem than non-biodegradable options, especially those made from plastic. Biodegradable BBs break down, which means nature can recycle them naturally.
They are also made from sustainable materials like plants and animal products. Therefore, manufacturing more will not negatively impact the environment.
The biodegradation process does not harm the environment but replenishes it instead.
Biodegradable BBs are the way to go if you love your shooting games. The alternative harms the environment and calls for a conscious change. | <urn:uuid:114fad5f-f0c6-4ae7-8f2e-09f6b94d918f> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/are-airsoft-bbs-biodegradable.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506028.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921141907-20230921171907-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.946192 | 2,607 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Everyone has dreams. But to make those dreams a reality, you often need financial resources. For instance, if you’ve always wanted a cottage in Muskoka, you’ll need to save enough money for a down payment and earn enough monthly income to cover your mortgage. That’s where financial goals come into play. In most cases, the achievement of life goals goes hand in hand with the achievement of financial goals. If you struggle with understanding the importance of setting financial goals, keep reading. Your finances affect every aspect of your life. Figuring out how to set and achieve financial goals will lead you to financial freedom. Continue on to learn more!
Table of contents
- How important is financial planning for living a good life?
- Why is it important to set a financial goal?
- The Importance of Setting Financial Goals and How to Set Them
- Setting Financial Goals: General Tips
- How to Set and Achieve Financial Goals
- What is your financial goal and why is it important to you?
How important is financial planning for living a good life?
Financial planning is very important for living a good life, especially considering the economic climate of Canada. Your finances affect every aspect of your well-being and lifestyle. There is a high importance to setting financial goals as well, as this is a critical step of financial planning. Goal setting helps ensure you stay dedicated, on track and remember what is important to you. Living a truly good life means living an enjoyable and meaningful life. To do this, you need to have a baseline of financial security. Financial planning is how you set yourself up for financial security. With planning you can be on the right track for living a good life in 5 or 10 years. Keep in mind that goal setting is important in all aspects of life, not just finances, but everything should work together to help you get where you need to be.
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Why is it important to set a financial goal?
You may ask, what is the importance of setting financial goals? It is everything. Money is the baseline of how you get experiences, security, and comfort. Sure, you can be comfortable with less. However, if you don’t value minimalism, you need to set goals to build the life you want which is only possible with certain financial resources.
There are short-term, mid-term and long-term goals. You need to set goals in each category to support your values and needs. Goals can be the tool to becoming debt-free, buying a house, or retirement. Goals can also help you establish the right spending habits for the lifestyle you want to live.
When you decide to manage your money, you make a decision to craft the life you want. Of course, this will not happen overnight. With the right short-term, mid-term and long-term goals, you will get there. Think of it as being about the journey, not the destination. These goals should be in alignment with each other. Financial goals help you match your spending and investing habits. You then obtain the specific financial outcomes you desire.
Goals generally help you get focused, motivated, and have confidence in all your life choices, including personal finances. Financial goals have the benefit of helping support you in multiple areas of your life. Let’s face it, finances and financial health have a huge effect on our social, physical and mental health. If you want to help yourself across the board, sit down and start setting financial goals.
The Importance of Setting Financial Goals and How to Set Them
You must set financial goals if you want to actively create your life, as opposed to life creating itself for you. You probably understand how much money and finances affect your life. Have you ever thought about how every coffee you buy is a choice? Or how committing to every social activity might be overextending your wallet? The truth is we all have simple areas of our lives we can afford to make better choices.
When it comes to money, our lifestyles do not necessarily have to change. Small adjustments produce promising, lasting results. However, any sort of lifestyle change can be hard, inconvenient and at times annoying. For example, addressing lifestyle creep. Setting financial goals will help you align various personal values with habits. Your habits will help you stay on track. Staying on track means hitting your goals and targets.
Let’s check out some of the benefits of setting financial goals:
- Take control of your finances.
- Design a strategy and approach that works for you.
- Progress becomes measurable.
- Your priorities become clear.
- Build motivation and self-esteem.
- Learn to create positive outcomes with what you can control (and what you cannot).
- Goals provide a degree of accountability.
- Your relationship with money improves.
- There is a clear path to the future you want and ability to achieve overall life goals.
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Setting Financial Goals: General Tips
You probably understand the importance of setting financial goals by now. But how exactly do you set a financial goal? In the sections below, we’ll take a closer look at how to set financial goals.
Set SMART Goals
The SMART goal method is a widely accepted system for any goals. In summary, a smart goal is: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound. The SMART goal system can be useful with financial goals. It allows you to clearly define a goal, set how you will measure the success of a goal and states a goal is within the realm of achievement. It makes sense as a goal for the creator. Finally, it has a timeline for when it will be or can be accomplished so you can track your achievements. Here is more information on SMART goals, how they work and how to implement them.
Set Short-Term, Mid-Term and Long-Term Goals
There are three timeframes when it comes to goals: short-term, mid-term and long-term goals. You need to work with all these goals to set proper financial goals. These goals should work on top of each other, layered. For example, a short-term goal could be to get out of debt and build an emergency fund. A mid-term goal could be to save a down payment on a home. A long-term goal could be to save $1 million for retirement. You can’t necessarily get to the long-term goals if you don’t first reach the shorter-term goals. The more immediate goals help your bigger and more time-heavy goals.
Let’s take a closer look at each tier of goal below:
Short-term Financial Goals
The timeframe for short-term financial goals is anywhere between 1 day to 2 years. The outcome can be obtained relatively clearly and quickly. Short-term goals should always move you toward your mid-term and long-term goals. A necessary short-term goal is to sit down as soon as possible to create a realistic financial budget, if you haven’t already.
Mid-term Financial Goals
The timeframe for mid-term financial goals is anywhere between 2 years to 5 years. These goals take more time than short-term goals. However, these goals allow you to bridge to your long-term goals.
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Long-term Financial Goals
The timeframe for long-term financial goals is anywhere between 5 years to 20 years, possibly longer. It is a good idea to start with these goals. They give you a clear idea of the life you want in 20 years, then you can work backwards in your goal setting. You can then design your mid-term and short-term goals to get you to your long-term goals. These goals are your biggest goals and take the most time.
Keep your goals written down, on your mind and in conversations
You must document, think about, and talk about your goals. Keeping your goals around you and on your mind will help you stay focused. It will remind you of your values and what you deem important. It will also allow you to collaborate with others on designing goals that work for you both/all. This can include partners or friends you plan to retire with, go on a trip with, or start a business with. This will help you stay accountable and keep you motivated. A goal that is not written down or discussed likely cannot be actioned. Document your journey and talk about it, this way it’ll become a reality!
How to Set and Achieve Financial Goals
Now that you have some general goal setting tips, keep reading to understand the general process of setting goals.
- Step 1: Create and define your goals. You may have to do some “soul-searching” at this stage to determine what you want out of your finances and general life.
- Step 2: Develop an approach or plan on how you’re going to achieve your goals that’s realistic. Often, working backwards from where you want to be to where you are now is the best way to carve your path of least resistance.
- Step 3: Take steps to achieve your goals. At this point, it should just be a matter of following the plan you outlined in the above step. This part isn’t always glamourous or exciting, sometimes it can be quite mundane and boring. But hang in there and remember what you’re working towards!
- Step 4: Evaluate your progress on a periodic basis. For some, they might prefer to check in weekly, whereas others may want to check in monthly, quarterly or even yearly. It really depends on what you’re trying to achieve and your personal preferences. Remember to evaluate both your successes and setbacks. Even if you don’t achieve a goal by the time you wanted to, be sure to appreciate your progress, no matter how small!
- Step 5: Continue to rinse and repeat the above steps. Goal setting is a constant ebb and flow. Once you’ve achieved a goal, take a moment to appreciate your success. Then, set another goal and work towards that. This upward cycle will help you achieve your greatest financial and lifestyle goals!
Financial Goal-Setting Examples
Here are some examples of short-term goals:
- Pay off $4,000 of credit card debt within 12 months using the debt snowball method of $1,000 for a summer vacation by June 15
- Open a TFSA or RRSP account within 2 months
- Start bringing lunch to work, this week, to cut food costs by 20%
Here are some examples of mid-term goals:
- Build and maintain a 6-month emergency fund in 2 years
- Pay off $9,000 personal loan within 3 years
- Save a $50,000 down payment for a home in 5 years
- Save $15,000 for a dream vacation in 4 years
Finally, here are some examples of long-term goals:
- Pay off your mortgage within 20 years
- Generate $5,000 a month in passive income within 15 years
- Save $50,000 for your child’s university tuition within 10 years
- Hit all your retirement targets by the time you are 65
What is your financial goal and why is it important to you?
Only you can determine your financial goals. You can work with professionals to make the tasks simple. However, you will have to determine what is important to you. Figure out where you’d like to be financially tomorrow, in 2 years, in 5 years and even in 20 years. Do you aspire to passive income? Do you want to retire comfortably? Take the time to explore what is important to you. Then create financial goals that follow the SMART method. Start with long-term goals and work towards short-term goals. This will ensure you have your end goals in mind. Remember to be realistic about your circumstances and design goals that are obtainable.
Need help setting goals? Consider chatting with a financial advisor. Fill out this quick questionnaire to be matched with one today! | <urn:uuid:16895c22-17fd-4be2-8fd5-d211088afaba> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://advisorsavvy.com/importance-of-setting-financial-goals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233505362.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921073711-20230921103711-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.948325 | 2,528 | 2.765625 | 3 |
In this monthly feature, we span the globe to examine Our Changing Landscape with time series imagery stacks of medium resolution RapidEye satellite data. The RapidEye archive dates back to late 2008 and already contains more than 3 billion square kilometers of data. This month, we travel to the Gulf of Mexico and look at changes in the surface oil slick created by the Deepwater Horizon explosion as it changed from day to day.
The RapidEye Constellation
RapidEye is a constellation of five 5-meter medium resolution satellites each offering five spectral bands of information. The RapidEye constellation offers a daily revisit time to every location on the planet with a huge footprint that is 77-km wide. The data is priced competitively with a base price of $1.28 per square kilometer for all five spectral bands – academics receive a discount on this price. RapidEye adds a fifth band, the red edge, to the ‘traditional’ multispectral set of blue, green, red and near-infrared (NIR). The additional spectral data available in the red edge band allows users to extract more useful land ‘information’ than can be from traditional 4-band imagery sources. When RapidEye imagery is ordered as a Level 3A Orthorectified product, images from multiple dates are extremely well registered, making it the ideal data source for Our Changing Landscape.
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Slick
On April 20, 2010 at 9:45 PM Central Daylight Time, an explosion deep on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico below the Deepwater Horizon kicked off a highly televised and scrutinized environmental disaster that lasted nearly 4 months until July 15th when the ruptured exploratory well was temporarily capped. During this time, the US government estimates that 4.9 million barrels of oil were discharged into the Gulf and of those 1.065 million barrels were recovered or burned with 1.07 million gallons of dispersants applied to clean up the spill. As the events surrounding the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon are likely ‘old news’ to many of our readers, the focus of this short piece is the variability in geographic extent of the surface oil slick which changed dramatically even over short time periods. Unlike terrestrial oil spills where flows can be modeled with some degree of certainty based on local topographic conditions, land cover types, soil chemistry, etc., the extents of an oil spill in open water is unpredictable given ever-changing wind and water currents as well as chemical decomposition.
The series of images that follow this paragraph were collected during the four months in 2010 that the Deepwater Horizon gushed oil into the Gulf; and several of them were even obtained within several days or less of each other. This unique RapidEye dataset shows dramatic changes in the surface extent of the oil slick over an area covering 25 km by 25 km, or 625 square kilometers, just to the west of the Deepwater Horizon. When you watch the animation, it’s hard not to imagine the enormity and complexity of the challenges that faced those deemed with the task to contain and remediate the oil and other compounds that seeped up from the floor of the Gulf.
If you would like to find out more about using RapidEye for your academic studies, engineering projects or any landscape analysis, let us know at [email protected] or (303) 993-3863.
Leave a Reply | <urn:uuid:2bff2a9d-e12c-45d6-8695-91cf05471b66> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://apollomapping.com/blog/rapideye-imagery-and-the-deepwater-horizon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646652.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610233020-20230611023020-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.939789 | 695 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Space monitoring of the territory — monitoring of changes on the Earth by remote methods (change detection) is a system of regular observations from space, by air and ground means of remote sensing, monitoring of the state of the territory and objects, analysis of processes occurring on the Earth's surface and timely detection of changes using remote sensing of the Earth.
Space monitoring is the regular receipt of information about the state of the Earth's surface from spacecraft.
In the practice of remote sensing, there is a division of the Land monitoring process: land use analysis (Land User) and industrial and economic infrastructure (Land Cover) (objects) (LULC - Land User and Land Cover).
What is needed for
Satellite images and space monitoring are increasingly being used in a variety of industries, including state, regional, and municipal planning and management. Space monitoring makes it possible to obtain data on vast territories and in hard-to-reach places, which is practically unattainable with any terrestrial surveys.
Space monitoring allows us to quickly identify environmental changes, assess the dynamics and quality of changes, and study the interaction of man-made systems.
To ensure sustainable development (ESG), it is necessary to monitor the current process of land use and changes in the industrial and economic infrastructure over a certain period. To achieve sustainable urban development and prevent haphazard urban development, the bodies associated with urban development must create such planning models so that every piece of available land can be used most rationally and optimally.
LULC maps play a primary role in planning, management, and monitoring programs at the local, regional and national levels. This type of information, on the one hand, provides a better understanding of land use aspects, and on the other hand, plays an important role in shaping the policies and programs necessary for development planning. | <urn:uuid:5532d7e4-d502-46ea-be6b-6aa9be50a1e1> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://uzspace.uz/en/news/view/305 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510520.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929154432-20230929184432-00517.warc.gz | en | 0.898772 | 376 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Controlling kids' food may not lead to obesity
Among childhood obesity's many alleged culprits are mothers who control what their children eat. It's long been thought that a mother's food restrictions may contribute to her kids gaining too much weight.
But a new study published recently online in the journal Obesity could disprove that. Researchers studied 789 boys and girls in nearly equal numbers, calculating changes in their body mass index between the ages of 4 and 7, and 7 and 9, to determine how their mothers' restrictive feeding affected how much weight they gained -- or didn't gain. The data were from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's study of early child care and youth development.
Mothers were also asked, "Do you let your child eat what he/she feels like eating?" Answers were scored on a four-point scale, from "definitely no" to "mostly no," "mostly yes," and "definitely yes."
While researchers found no correlation between a rise in mothers controlling their kids' eating and weight gain later on, there were (perhaps not surprisingly) some differences in how they behaved with boys and girls. If mothers increased their control over their sons' food from ages 4 to 7, the boys were less likely to increase their BMI from ages 7 to 9.
However, if their daughters showed substantial weight gain from ages 4 to 7, mothers tended to increase their control over food.
Those gender differences weren't lost on the researchers. Lead author Kyung Rhee with the Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center at the Miriam Hospital, said in a release, "Our findings mirror those of other studies that have found that parents are much less likely to recognize or be concerned about the overweight status of sons compared to daughters. These behaviors may represent a sensitivity to societal values that girls should be slim while boys have a physical or social advantage in being larger."
-- Jeannine Stein
Photo credit: Rick Loomis / Los Angeles Times | <urn:uuid:ea666c5b-05ff-4472-b440-74d71029294f> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/booster_shots/2009/05/among-childhood-obesitys-many-alleged-culprits-are-mothers-who-control-what-their-children-eat-its-long-been-thought-that-a.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818696681.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926193955-20170926213955-00559.warc.gz | en | 0.980415 | 402 | 3.125 | 3 |
Probably the best features at Zippori, also known as Sepphoris, are the magnificent mosaics that have been restored. The mosaics include scenes from the life of Dionysus, the god of wine; and the hauntingly beautiful “Mona Lisa of the Galilee.” The city of Zippori was once the administrative and intellectual capital of Galilee, and was known as the City of Peace. Joseph Flavius, the Jewish Historian, described Zippori as “the ornament of all of Galilee”. The city once sat on a hill overlooking the valley of Bet Netofa, and the view from the summit is breathtaking. The city was founded in the first century BCE, and was quickly absorbed by Herod the Great in 37 BCE. After Herod died, the city revolted against Herodian rule, but was quickly suppressed and Antipas took over leadership of the city. The city surrendered to Roman rule during the Jewish revolt in 66 CE, but after the temple was destroyed in Jerusalem much of the Jewish population fled to Zippori and the city became the foremost Jewish city in Galilee. Archeological evidence shows that the city was destroyed in 363 by an earthquake, but there is also evidence that the city was rebuilt by the Crusaders who believed that the parents of Mary, mother of Jesus, had lived in Zippori.
While at Zippori, I focused mainly on the beautiful mosaics and the spectacular view. I had seen enough ruins by this point that some of the novelty had worn off which was a good thing since there were so many mosaics to occupy my camera. While walking around the park I actually picked up a couple of mosaic tiles and that was such a thrill. I have also found pottery shards at many of the locations that we visited. It is amazing to hold something that someone else held over 2,000 years ago. I don’t know why, but I find it fascinating.
I took a lot of pictures here so I hope you will enjoy them: | <urn:uuid:cc387f6f-57d8-4499-83df-25ac855dec83> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://joylynng.wordpress.com/2012/01/31/zippori/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320539.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625152316-20170625172316-00592.warc.gz | en | 0.989637 | 418 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The New Student's Reference Work/Emin Pasha
|←Emigration||The New Student's Reference Work (1914)
|See also Emin Pasha on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.|
Emin Pasha or Bey, proper name Eduard Schnitzer, was born at Oppeln, Silesia, in 1840. He studied medicine, and in 1864 went to Turkey, where he became a well-known physician. He learned to speak Turkish and Arabic easily, and adopted Turkish habits and customs. He also adopted the name Emin, which means the faithful one. In 1876 he joined the Egyptian service, and proceeded as chief physician to the equatorial province, of which he was made governor in 1878 by “Chinese” Gordon. Here the sudden rising of the Mahdi shut him up and out of the world. The expedition sent under Stanley for his rescue reached him in May, 1888. In 1890 he entered the German service and at once made his way again to Central Africa. He was, however, killed in 1892 by Arabs near Nyangwe. See Stanley's In Darkest Africa. | <urn:uuid:039e0353-9eb9-4d57-823f-94a6b19a1e76> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student's_Reference_Work/Emin_Pasha | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163988740/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133308-00065-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977614 | 233 | 2.734375 | 3 |
> The water all fell in the funicular from 80'.
> They simply used the work at higher levels using
> long ropes draped across the pyramid.
How do you get the water up 80' so that it falls down?
> 50 tons of water falls from 80' to lift the stone
> to 80'. The pyramid is built in steps so the
> stone is now sitting on the top of the first step.
> You simply drape the rope across the second step
> and lift the stone from 80' to 160' as the
> counterweight again falls from 80' to 0'. All the
> stones had to be lifted one step at a time.
> Funiculars are virtually 100% efficient and
> require no extensive infrastructure.
How do you get the water 80' up?
Are you saying the funicular went up to 80' or 160' and even to the top of the pyramid?
Is Clayton saying that?
So far as I can tell, the funicular would only deliver stones from boat to foot of pyramid. It's delivering materials, it's not building the pyramid.
> There is no solid evidence that any of the
> causeways on any great pyramid was enclosed.
> These causeways are in utter ruin. If they were
> enclosed as is a possibility then there was
> probably no funicular operating on the causeways.
Have you examined the reasons Egyptologists say the causeways were enclosed?
Or are you guys just ready to sweep it under the carpet to make way for a funicular?
> I believe dm-sceptres were 200lb bronze pulleys.
You guys are ignoring my point. If they had pulleys, they surely had the wheel. Don't know how you can bypass that.
> G1 required about 45 times as much lifting as
> Djoser's Pyramid (the first great pyramid). Think
> about this a moment. Obviously they made stunning
> improvements in their building techniques and
> efficiency in less than a couple centuries.
Obvious to you if you accept the traditional timeline.
> They didn't require a wheel for pyramid
> construction. There is almost no friction on a
> greased skid going up a 70 degree angle so no
> wheel was necessary. They had ample water to drag
> stones to the pyramid site so no wheel necessary.
I didn't say the wheel was necessary.
I tried to say that the pulley is a wheel, it's a round object that turns freely. If they had pulleys, they also had the wheel. But no wheels are found in monument or text.
I hate to tell you guys this, but an "angle" and an "incline" are ramps.
You're promoting a 70 degree ramp.
Clayton is promoting a series of short ramps.
Whether it spirals inside or lays against the outer stones, it's a RAMP. | <urn:uuid:5b33e273-d5a6-4da3-83db-d7f57bc5573d> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | http://grahamhancock.com/phorum/read.php?1,1081604,1139551 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370491857.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20200328104722-20200328134722-00497.warc.gz | en | 0.963137 | 617 | 2.84375 | 3 |
...That’s one of the conclusions from a national survey on gratitude commissioned by the John Templeton Foundation, which also funds the Greater Good Science Center’s Expanding Gratitude project. We’ve stressed the importance of gratitude for years, as more and more research reveals its benefits. But we don’t really know: How grateful actually are Americans today?
That’s why Templeton’s new survey is so significant.
The polling firm Penn Shoen Berland surveyed over 2,000 people in the United States, capturing perspectives from different ages, ethnic groups, income levels, religiosity, and more. Their results provide an unprecedented snapshot of gratefulness in America.
- More than 90 precent of those polled agreed that grateful people are more fulfilled, lead richer lives, and are more likely to have friends.
- More than 95 percent said that it is anywhere from “somewhat” to “very” important for mothers and fathers to teach gratitude.
- 93 percent of those polled agreed that grateful bosses were more likely to be successful, and only 18 percent thought that grateful bosses would be seen as “weak.”
- Asked about their own habits and feelings about gratitude, only one percent selected “I think that gratitude is unnecessary.” | <urn:uuid:82e7dfb5-b1d0-4bb3-92ec-d391b5c70c8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://thedailyprism.blogspot.com/2014/03/gratitude-and-america-attitude.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886120573.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823152006-20170823172006-00346.warc.gz | en | 0.952826 | 272 | 2.625 | 3 |
The invasive potential of the freshwater snail Radix rubiginosa recently introduced into South Africa.
Nadasan, Devandren Subramoney.
MetadataShow full item record
Invasions of ecosystems by exotic species are increasing and they may often act as a significant driver of the homogenization of the Earth’s biota, resulting in global biodiversity loss. Moreover, the addition of exotic species may have dramatic effects on ecosystem structure and functioning which may result in the extirpation of indigenous species. In 2004, a large population of an unknown lymnaeid was found in the Amatikulu Hatchery, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and was subsequently found in few garden fish ponds in Durban. In 2007, it was identified using molecular techniques as Radix rubiginosa (Michelin, 1831) – a species widespread in southeast Asia. An invasion by R. rubiginosa is however likely to go unnoticed because its shell morphology resembles some forms of the highly variable and widely distributed indigenous lymnaeid, Lymnaea natalensis Krauss, 1848. Accurate and “easy” species identifications would permit the ready assessment of introduction histories and distributions, but in the present case identification was difficult due to unclear and contradicting accounts of the indigenous L. natalensis in the literature. A redescription of L. natalensis with emphasis on conchological and anatomical characteristics was therefore presented. This will help to distinguish variation between R. rubiginosa and L. natalensis and also assist those carrying out rapid bioassessment (SASS) surveys in South African rivers in recognising R. rubiginosa should it spread. For this, shells of R. rubiginosa and L. natalensis from both the UKZN Pond and the Greyville Pond were selected into either size class 1 (shell length < 10 mm) or size class 2 (shell length ≥ 10 mm). Six shell characters, shell length (height), shell width, aperture length (height), aperture width, length of last body whorl and spire height for each specimen was measured and analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and The invasive potential of the freshwater snail Radix rubiginosa recently introduced into South Africa discriminant functions analysis (DFA). The most useful discriminant conchological characters were shell length, length of the last body whorl and aperture width. Use of these shell characters provided simple yet effective criteria for the separation of R. rubiginosa and L. natalensis. For both size classes R. rubiginosa had larger, more broadly ovate shells with longer (higher) body whorls than either of the two populations of L. natalensis that exhibited smaller, elongated shells with shorter (lower) body whorls. Also, R. rubiginosa had a narrower aperture width compared to the larger, wider aperture of the UKZN Pond L. natalensis population. The Greyville L. natalensis population was found to have narrower apertures than both R. rubiginosa and L. natalensis (UKZN Pond). The morphology of the radula and the reproductive anatomy of R. rubiginosa and L. natalensis from both the UKZN and Greyville Ponds showed little variation. The species did however vary in the relative numbers of radula teeth in each field and this serves as an additional useful diagnostic character. Both L. natalensis populations had similar mantle pigmentation patterns but that of R. rubiginosa was different. The mantle surface of R. rubiginosa was mottled black with patches of pale white to yellow. There were also large unpigmented fields and stripes that were not observed in L. natalensis. Having found characters to conveniently separate the alien R. rubiginosa from the indigenous L. natalensis, it became increasingly important to assess the potential invasiveness of this introduced species and its likely impact. The potential invasiveness of R. rubiginosa was assessed in relation to the already invasive North American Physidae Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805 and the indigenous L. natalensis. This was particularly important in view of the success of P. acuta as an invader in South Africa. The hatching success, frequency of egg abnormalities, embryonic development, growth, survivorship, fecundity and life history parameters (GRR, Ro, rm, T and λ) for the four snail populations were assessed at three experimental temperatures (20oC, 25oC and 30oC). The invasive potential of the freshwater snail Radix rubiginosa recently introduced into South Africa The results showed that R. rubiginosa and P. acuta had a higher growth coefficient (K), longer survivorship, higher fecundity (higher hatching success, fewer egg abnormalities, longer duration of oviposition), shorter incubation period, greater life history parameters (GRR, Ro, rm and λ) and wider temperature tolerances than the two L. natalensis populations tested. The high adaptability of P. acuta to changing environmental factors such as temperature, is in agreement with the fact that it is now more widespread in South Africa than the indigenous species L. natalensis. This has important implications for R. rubiginosa, since this species displayed reproductive attributes and a temperature tolerance that were similar and in certain cases even exceeded the performance of the invasive P. acuta. This therefore implies that R. rubiginosa has the potential to colonize a wider geographical and altitudinal range than L. natalensis, and perhaps even P. acuta. Also, the superior reproductive ability of R. rubiginosa over L. natalensis is likely to present a situation that allows for its rapid spread as well as a possible impact on the indigenous L. natalensis that might render it vulnerable. | <urn:uuid:de236f24-69c2-4817-8ccf-cb37131e2dd7> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/9807 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818695726.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926122822-20170926142822-00393.warc.gz | en | 0.93106 | 1,243 | 2.75 | 3 |
The Central African Republic (CAR) has a complex and often turbulent history that includes colonialism, political upheaval, and ethnic tensions. Here is a condensed timeline of the country’s history:
- Neolithic Period: According to a2zdirectory, the area now known as the CAR was inhabited by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. These groups developed their own cultures and societies.
- 15th-19th Centuries: Various kingdoms and chiefdoms, such as the Gbaya, Zande, and Banda, flourished in the region. They engaged in trade and maintained complex social structures.
Colonialism and European Conquest:
- 19th Century: European colonial powers, primarily France and Belgium, began exploring and exploiting the region. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 formalized European colonial claims.
- 1894: The French established control over the Ubangi-Shari region, which later became part of the CAR.
- Early 20th Century: The French merged different territories in the region into French Equatorial Africa, with Bangui as its capital. The CAR was a part of this larger colonial entity.
- World War II: The CAR experienced some changes during the war, but colonial rule continued afterward.
Road to Independence:
- 1946: The French Constitution of 1946 granted limited representation to the CAR in the French National Assembly.
- 1958: The CAR voted to become an autonomous territory within the French Community.
- 1960: The CAR officially gained independence from France, with David Dacko as its first president.
Early Independence and Political Instability:
- 1965: A coup led by Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousted President Dacko. Bokassa established an autocratic regime and later declared himself Emperor Bokassa I.
- 1979: Bokassa’s rule ended in another coup, led by David Dacko with the assistance of French troops. Dacko restored the republic.
- 1981: General André Kolingba seized power in a coup and ruled as president until the early 1990s.
Transition to Democracy and Conflict:
- Early 1990s: Growing domestic and international pressure led to political reforms and a transition to multi-party democracy.
- 1993: Ange-Félix Patassé was elected president in the country’s first democratic elections.
- 1996-1997: Ethnic and political tensions escalated, leading to violent clashes, coup attempts, and instability.
- 2003: Rebel groups, including the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR), overthrew President Patassé, resulting in François Bozizé becoming president.
Recurring Conflict and Humanitarian Crisis:
- 2003-2007: The CAR faced ongoing conflict, with various rebel groups, ethnic tensions, and human rights abuses.
- 2013: The predominantly Muslim Seleka rebel coalition took control of Bangui, leading to a humanitarian crisis and sectarian violence.
- 2014: An African-led peacekeeping mission (MISCA) and later a UN mission (MINUSCA) were deployed to restore stability.
- 2016: Faustin-Archange Touadéra was elected president, with the hope of bringing stability and reconciliation.
- 2020: Presidential and legislative elections took place amid ongoing violence, resulting in President Touadéra’s re-election.
- 2021: Rebel groups, including the Coalition of Patriots for Change (CPC), launched attacks against the government and UN forces, further destabilizing the country.
- Humanitarian Crisis: The CAR has experienced prolonged humanitarian crises, including displacement, food insecurity, and limited access to basic services.
According to agooddir, the Central African Republic’s history is marked by a series of political changes, conflicts, and efforts to achieve stability and democracy. Challenges such as ethnic tensions, governance issues, and armed conflict have posed ongoing obstacles to the country’s development. Despite these challenges, the CAR remains a nation with a rich cultural heritage and a desire for peace and progress. The international community continues to engage in efforts to promote stability and reconciliation in the country.
Two-letter abbreviations of Central African Republic
According to abbreviationfinder, the two-letter abbreviation for the Central African Republic (CAR) is “CF.” This abbreviation is part of the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 standard, which assigns unique two-letter codes to each country or territory worldwide. The “CF” code is used in various international contexts and serves several important purposes, helping to identify and represent the Central African Republic consistently on the global stage. Here are key aspects of the two-letter abbreviation “CF” for the Central African Republic:
ISO 3166-1 Alpha-2 Code: The “CF” abbreviation is an integral part of the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 standard, which is maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This internationally recognized standard assigns unique two-letter codes to each country or territory in the world. “CF” is the specific code designated for the Central African Republic.
Internet Domain: The two-letter abbreviation “CF” is associated with the Central African Republic’s country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for internet domain names. Websites, email addresses, and online resources related to the Central African Republic often use the “.cf” domain extension, reflecting the country’s code.
Postal Abbreviation: In international postal services and addressing, the “CF” abbreviation is used to represent the Central African Republic as the destination country. This simplifies the process of sorting and delivering mail and packages to the Central African Republic, ensuring efficient mail delivery worldwide.
Diplomatic and International Relations: “CF” is commonly used in diplomatic and international relations as a shorthand representation of the Central African Republic. It appears in official documents, agreements, and communications between countries, making it easier to identify and refer to the Central African Republic on a global scale.
Vehicle Registration: In some international vehicle registration systems, vehicles registered in the Central African Republic may display the “CF” code as part of their license plates. This code helps identify the country of registration and facilitates cross-border travel and tracking of vehicles.
Currency Code: The official currency of the Central African Republic is the Central African CFA franc (XAF), which is used by several countries in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). While the international standard for currency codes is ISO 4217, “XAF” is the currency code specifically assigned to the Central African CFA franc, distinct from the country code “CF.”
Membership in International Organizations: The Central African Republic is a member of various international organizations and institutions, and the “CF” abbreviation is used to represent the country’s membership in these bodies. This includes organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU), and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), among others.
Sporting Events: In international sporting events, the Central African Republic is often represented by the “CF” code. Athletes from the Central African Republic participating in global competitions, including the Olympics, use this abbreviation on scoreboards, official documents, and team uniforms.
Geopolitical Significance: The Central African Republic is a landlocked country located in the heart of Africa. Its geopolitical position and natural resources make it an important player in regional and international affairs, particularly within the context of Central Africa.
Cultural Diversity: The Central African Republic is known for its cultural diversity, with numerous ethnic groups, languages, and traditions. This diversity is celebrated through various cultural festivals and events, reflecting the country’s rich cultural heritage.
In summary, the two-letter abbreviation “CF” is a standardized code that represents the Central African Republic in various international contexts. It simplifies communication, identification, and data exchange, enabling organizations, governments, and individuals to refer to and interact with the Central African Republic consistently and efficiently on a global scale. Despite its challenges, the Central African Republic remains a member of the international community with a unique cultural heritage and geopolitical significance in Central Africa. | <urn:uuid:8bbcde57-107d-44b4-abc0-953448524b04> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.educationvv.com/history-timeline-of-central-african-republic.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510575.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930014147-20230930044147-00854.warc.gz | en | 0.921875 | 1,730 | 3.8125 | 4 |
The criminal justice system offers a number of high paying career options to candidates with diverse experience and educational background. As the U.S. government focuses upon increasing security, maintaining social control, deterring crime, rehabilitating offenders, and mitigating criminal penalties, individuals who complete studies within the field of criminal justice gain the skills and knowledge necessary to establish long term, lucrative careers.
Professionals who work in the criminal justice system utilize their knowledge of law, sociology, forensic science, political science, criminal justice and psychology to act as vital workers in a quickly evolving industry.
Ranking the Top 10 Highest Paying Criminal Justice Careers
We’ve selected the Top 10 Highest Paying Criminal Justice Careers based upon the latest information available from the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS) and other sources.
Lawyers (or attorneys) represent parties in civil and criminal trials advising clients regarding their legal rights and obligations. Lawyers act as advisors or advocates offering clients sound business or personal courses of action based upon knowledge of laws, judicial decisions, and research. Lawyers may specialize in one particular field of law, including bankruptcy, international, intellectual property, criminal law, civil law, public interest, insurance, environmental, elder, or probate laws. Lawyers are required to complete a 4 year undergraduate degree, 3 years of law school to advance to bar examinations and licensing programs necessary to qualify for employment. Lawyers earn $74,980 to $163,320 annually.
2. Private Investigators and Detectives
Private Investigators and Detectives provide specialized law enforcement techniques to maintain laws, collect evidence, apprehend criminals, solve crimes, and examine records. Private investigators gather facts through interviews, observation, and researching records to assist in arrests or raids. Detectives may be licensed or unlicensed depending upon their organization of employment. Most work for police agencies, interagency task forces, private firms, or individuals and frequently specialize in fields like homicide, forensics, fraud, or even SWAT teams.
Many detectives begin as police officers after successfully completing physical fitness, written examinations, and psychological testing. Law enforcement professionals then advance gradually upon earning experience and additional training within law enforcement, criminal justice, or even political science programs. Most detectives earn $59,320 to $92,700 yearly upon securing adequate education and experience.
3. Police Officers
Police Officers maintain public order, collect evidence, pursue and apprehend individuals who commit crimes, testify in court, and prevent, investigate, and report suspicious activities. Police offers also respond to calls from individuals in need of their assistance, make arrests, and detain individuals for limited amounts of time. Police officers may work for local, State or Federal agencies following a strict code of conduct regarding their duties while enforcing laws and maintaining the integrity of their police powers.
Training to qualify as a police officer requires completion of a number of medical, written, and physical fitness tests as well as psychological evaluations to demonstrate their physical, intellectual, and emotional capabilities to qualify for employment. Individuals who pass all required tests advance to police academy training programs offering classroom instruction, practical training, and means of improving or maintaining physical fitness. Many agencies prefer candidates who have completed studies within an associate or bachelor degree program in law enforcement or administration of justice often earn higher salaries than candidates with less education. Earnings for police officers range from $38,850 to $64,940 annually.
4. Federal Marshals
Federal Marshals are important members of the executive branch of the U.S. government. These agents responsible for securing federal courts, protecting court officers and structures, and ensuring the effective operation of the judicial system by maintaining security, serving arrest warrants, transporting prisoners, and determining the location of fugitives. U.S. Marshals must obtain a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice, possess three years of work experience, have a clear background, and successfully complete physical, written, and psychological assessments to gain admittance into the U.S. Marshals Service Training Academy in Glynco, Georgia. The Academy involves 17 ½ weeks of basic training complete with course studies and practical experiences. Individuals who gain employment as a U.S. Marshal have earnings of $38,511 to $48,708 yearly.
5. Forensics Analysts
Forensics Analysts are important workers within the criminal justice system who collect, classify, analyze, and identify physical evidence related to law enforcement investigations. Forensic analysts are employed city, county, or state crime labs, offices, morgues, and at crime scenes and work closely with medical examiners, police departments, toxicology lab technicians, hospital staff, and even researchers at colleges and universities.
Many forensic analysts specialize within fields like ballistics, handwriting, fingerprinting, and biochemistry and frequently testify in court as expert witnesses reporting laboratory findings. Forensic analysts are required to complete studies within a four year bachelor degree program in criminal justice with a forensic science specialization though many law enforcement agencies prefer candidates with a graduate level educational background. Generally forensic analysts have salaries of $37,520 to $58,510 annually.
Paralegals work within law firms, law offices, organizations, corporations, license service companies, bankruptcy firms, arbitration services, public notaries, or as independent consultants performing a number of tasks. Paralegals research, analyze, organize, and collect information used for hearings, trials, meetings, and other proceedings.
1. Everest University - Paralegal (Bachelor's)
2. Kaplan University - BA - Social and Criminal Justice - Corrections Management
3. South University - Bachelor of Science in Legal Studies (partially online)
Paralegals also assist in the preparation of tax returns, estate planning and creating trust funds for clients. Many also coordinate the responsibilities and schedules of other law office staff as well as maintain financial records for their organizations of employment. Training to qualify for employment as a paralegal requires a minimum of a two year associate degree within a paralegal program though those who complete advanced degrees are more highly compensated. Paralegals may earn from $36,080 to $58,540 yearly.
7. Probation Officers
Probation Officers supervise, rehabilitate, and reform offenders who have been convicted of crimes, are on probation, awaiting sentencing, and are not incarcerated. They also assist offenders released from incarceration and oversee their activities following incarceration. Probation officers investigate offenders’ backgrounds, history, and environment and report findings to court officials to recommend social resources and rehabilitation assistance, recommend and review sentences, assist with modifications of court orders, and refer offenders to casework counseling, career training, or community service programs. Probation officers must pass oral, written, and psychological tests and earn a minimum of an undergraduate degree in criminal justice, social work, law enforcement, or a related discipline to gain employment earning salaries of $35,990 to $60,430 annually.
8. Corrections Officers
Corrections Officers oversee incarcerated offenders within prisons, jails and other detention centers maintaining security, upholding institutional regulations and polices, minimizing disturbances, preventing escapes, and controlling prison populations. Corrections officers also transport inmates, complete reports regarding inmate behavior, and activities and inspect facilities for infractions of regarding sanitation, safety, or hazards regulations.
1. American InterContinental University - BCSJ - Corrections and Case Management
2. Ashford University - BA - Social and Criminal Justice - Corrections Management
3. Kaplan University - BCSJ -Corrections
Training to qualify for positions as corrections officers requires a high school diploma and completion of training offered by the American Correctional Association and the American Jail Association. Recent trends have also required candidates to complete a bachelor degree in a criminal justice field combined with 3 years of work experience. Corrections officers generally earn $29,660 to $51,000 yearly.
9. Victim Advocates
Victim Advocates frequently work within district attorney’s offices, hospitals, jails, or within non-profit organizations assisting clients who have been traumatized by domestic abuse, violence, rape, and other crimes. Victim advocates help clients work through the recovery and legal process by directing clients to available resources, offering support, and minimizing the physical and emotional consequences of the crime. Victim advocates accompany clients to court hearings and assist with securing court injunctions when required.
Victim advocates also investigate complaints, offer administrative support with statistical record keeping, and devise means of improving client support services. Victim advocates generally must possess a bachelor degree with work experience or a master’s degree within psychology, social work, or criminal justice disciples. Earnings for victim advocates are $25,636 to $31,616 annually.
10. Court Clerks
Court Clerks offer clerical support within court systems, municipalities, and federal licensing agencies and bureaus. Court clerks perform a number of administrative duties including: researching and retrieving information for judges, preparing dockets for court cases, maintaining financial records and fiscal accounts, collecting fees, issuing licenses and permits, and drafting bylaws for town or city councils. Court clerks are required to complete technical programs offered by vocational schools or a two year associate degree to qualify for employment. Earnings for court clerks earn $23,430 to $77,770 yearly. | <urn:uuid:1d845dff-4e31-4d86-b254-3b817ff377a5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.bestcollegesonline.org/highest-paying-jobs/top-10-criminal-justice-careers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702298845/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110458-00013-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92734 | 1,873 | 2.5625 | 3 |
“Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.”
- Malcolm X
* Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925. On February 21, 1965, he was preparing to address the Organization of Afro-American Unity in Manhattan’s Audubon Ballroom when a man who was seated in the front row of the 400-person audience rushed forward and shot him. Then two other men charged the stage and shot Malcolm X several times. He was pronounced dead at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital at 3:30 pm.
A Public viewing was held at Harlem’s Unity Funeral Home from February 23 through February 26. Estimates of the number of mourners attending varied from 14,000 to 30,000. The funeral was held on February 27 at the Faith Temple of the Church of God in Christ in Harlem. A local television station broadcast the funeral live. Actor and activist Ossie Davis delivered the eulogy, where he described Malcolm X as “our shining black prince.”
Posted in Central Harlem, Community, East Harlem, Harlem, History, New York City, North Harlem, Quote, South Harlem (SOHA), West Harlem
Tagged @HarlemHCL, Audubon Ballroom, black history month, Famous Quotes, Harlem, Harlem Condo Life, HarlemCondoLife.com, Malcolm X, Malcolm X Boulevard, manhattan, Organization of Afro-American Unity, Ossie Davis, Quote of the week., your gateway to harlem
The band U2 visited Red Rooster in Harlem for dinner. Bono, The Edge, Adam Clayton and Larry Mullen Jr. Tuesday night.
Details per the New York Post – Page 6.
“Sources tell us the bandmates rarely go out or dine together, and Bono was overheard telling astonished customers, “This is like the Last Supper.” U2 has been working on a new album, reportedly titled “Songs of Ascent” or “10 Reasons To Exist,” that producer Daniel Lanois says he has heard and is “big” and “amazing.” Bono was also overheard chatting with Dini von Mueffling, the co-founder of nonprofit Love Heals, which benefits the Alison Gertz Foundation for AIDS education in the fight against HIV/AIDS, for which the Irish rocker is on an unwavering crusade. An onlooker said, “Bono kissed her hand and asked her to take a video of the band with his iPhone as they hardly get to eat together.” Bono and The Edge also celebrated the 1,000th performance of “Spider-Man: Turn Off The Dark” Thursday.”
Posted in Celebrity, Central Harlem, Menu Harlem Hot Spots, Music, New York City, Restaurants
Tagged 125th street, @HarlemHCL, Adam Clayton, Bono, Harlem, HarlemCondoLife.com, Larry Mullen Jr., Lenox Avenue, Malcolm X Boulevard, marcus samuelsson, new york city, Red Rooster, The Edge, u2, your gateway to harlem
Things seem to be coming along for the opening of Barawine neighborhood restaurant on the bright sunny corner of Lenox Ave Malcolm X Boulevard and 120th Street. After leaving the opening of Harlem Shake the other day, we walked 4 blocks down on Lenox to check on the progress of Barawine. Nicely situated on the north east corner of the avenue next to the charming Settepani restaurant. This will add to this section of Lenox Avenue where further up there are a cluster of restaurants Sylvia’s, Les Ambassades, Corner Social, Red Rooster, Cove Lounge, Chez Lucienne and the new Harlem Shake.
The signage which use to read coming soon Winter 2013 now says Spring 2013. I predict soon it will read Summer 2013 as they appear to be a few weeks away from their opening day. Word on the street (and from one of the workman who will remain nameless) said they were waiting on their liquer license and clearance for outdoor seating. We are hopeful for this new addition to the neighborhood in Harlem. Stay tuned for further information and their official opening date.
200 Lenox Avenue Malcolm X Boulevard
New York, NY 10027
Posted in Central Harlem, Drink, Food, New York City, Restaurants
Tagged 120th street, @HarlemHCL, Barawine, Barawine Neighborhood Restaruant, Barawine Restaurant, Harlem, Harlem resrtaurants, harlem restaurant row, HarlemCondoLife.com, Lenox Avenue, Malcolm X Boulevard, new restaurants, New Restaurants in Harlem, new york city, restaurant row, Settepani, Trends
Another Election Party not to be missed THE SCHOMBURG’S 2012 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION WATCH PARTY. Doors open at 6PM free admission! Watch the live results on the big screen and help tweet the results: #Schomurg2012
Schomburg Center 515 Malcolm X Boulevard | New York (212) 491-2200.
Please read this important note below from friend to our Blog and Founder of Sundae Sermon, DJ Stormin Norman aka The Minister of Music.
Follow us @HarlemHCL
Posted in Free!, Harlem, Menu Harlem Hot Spots, Music, Politics
Tagged @HarlemHCL, DJ Stormin' Norman, Election Party, Harlem, HarlemCondoLife.com, Lenox Avenue, Malcolm X Boulevard, Schomburg Center, Sundae Sermon | <urn:uuid:d50d09e7-0462-492b-8418-d0b18a50b77b> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://harlemcondolife.com/tag/malcolm-x-boulevard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011176878/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091936-00010-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917273 | 1,173 | 2.703125 | 3 |
They are egocentric and do not play fairly and equally. That's why we are constantly pushing for updates in public policy to try to keep pace with this quickly evolving media world. Social media is like peer pressure to young girls.
Share via Email Children's media consumption can have a profound impact on learning and social development. Teens with Internet addiction.
Morahan-Martin J, Schumacher P. Alamy Kids are using more media than ever, across an increasingly wide range of platforms and technologies. The following behaviors are regarded as antisocial Internet behavior.
Many of you may be saying, "why didn't you just tell him to put the phone away". The proportion of children who are daily readers drops markedly from childhood to the pre-teen and teenage years.
It's striking how quickly we have embraced and adapted to new technology and social media. They would be altruistic to their group members and would be willing to make sacrifices for their group members.
It is easy to cheat others on line because you are anonymous to others and your identity can be hidden easily if you wish. It is obvious to everyone around you. Kids today are watching the shows that are acted out by adults; the younger the audience ages are being influenced by older actions.
Widyanto L, Griffiths M. Get out of the mindset that you need to respond to texts and emails right away. The moral motivation underlying Stage 1 is blind obedience to authority but that underlying this stage is quite Machiavellian, that is, getting what you want by all means, including those illegal or improper means.
I've almost been run over by students on bicycles that were too busy talking on their cell phone instead of watching where they were peddling.
These children are frequently exposed to cyber-bullying, sexual exploitation, privacy issues and sexting. Cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. I remember people doing this years and years ago when cell phones first came out. The cognitive developmental approach to socialization.
The relation of prosocial and antisocial behavior to personality and peer relationships of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Despite the fact, humans went from handwritten work to manual typewriters to electrical typewriters to word processors to personal computers to laptops and Ieverythig and having answers to every question with just a push of a button within seconds besides world peace.
Introduction of TOPIC. In the NY Times Article “Antisocial Networking” by Hilary Stout explains how friendships with teens and pre-teens develop through technology. Larry Rosen of California State University believes our online connections are distracting us from real-world relationships.
But Keith N.
Hampton of Rutgers University says we can both broaden our. Antisocial Networking: Children and Technology In the NY Times Article “Antisocial Networking” by Hilary Stout explains how friendships with teens and pre-teens develop through technology.
Today’s teenagers develop their friendships through cell phones, text, instant messaging, and social media instead of face to face time.
The research also refers to cell phones and shows that 22 percent of young children ages 6 to 9 years old, 60 percent of tweens ages 10 to 14 years old and 84 percent of teens ages15 to 18 own a.
Jun 14, · Like most of you, I have experienced and/or studied the trends of emerging technology and social media. I have first hand experience with their. Antisocial Networking, children and technology Essay Sample.
In the NY Times Article “Antisocial Networking” by Hilary Stout explains how friendships with teens and .Antisocial networking children and technology | <urn:uuid:e591f898-e112-414f-aabc-11c53a7c7802> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://xegodutyfix.thesanfranista.com/antisocial-networking-children-and-technology-29536og.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347391923.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20200526222359-20200527012359-00193.warc.gz | en | 0.948877 | 751 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Part 3—“A gulf of more than ninety points:” In her interesting book, The Smartest Kids in the World, Amanda Ripley proposes two reforms for American schools.
On the surface, each reform makes perfect sense. In many parts of our complex society, her reforms likely would make good sense.
What are Ripley’s proposed reforms? First, Ripley thinks we’d have better schools if we had better teachers—if our teachers had stronger academic backgrounds and more extensive university training.
Also this: Ripley thinks our schools should display more academic “rigor.” She thinks we should demand more of our students, for example in the study of high school math.
In many parts of our complex society, those suggestions may well make perfect sense. Ripley is plainly a tribune of our elites, but she is a centrist tribune. As a tribune of establishment thinking, she writes from the center of the world of standard “education reform,” not from the corporatist right.
In many of our public schools, “smarter” teachers and increased academic “rigor” might make very good sense! But then, there are all those other kids—the invisible children people like Ripley rarely seem to know much about.
Ralph Ellison was an “invisible man.” To approach the children who are largely invisible in Ripley’s book, let’s start with her silly portrait of Andreas the Giant.
We refer of course to Andreas Schleicher, the German education researcher who invented the PISA, the important international testing program for which Ripley plays the role of cheerleader in her book. Right from the start of Smartest Kids, Ripley buys the idea that the PISA is “a smarter test,” a test of “the kind of advanced thinking and communication skills that people need to thrive in the modern world.”
Because the PISA is “smarter,” Ripley chooses to ignore results from the PIRLS and the TIMSS, the other two major international testing programs—programs on which American students have scored better than on the PISA.
(On the 2011 TIMSS, American students matched the miraculous Finns in math in both grades tested, grade 4 and grade 8. In a 230-page book, Ripley can’t find time to report this fact.)
Whatever! Ripley starts her Chapter 1 with a silly portrait in which she explains how Schleicher became so prominent in the field of testing. Writing as if for 9-year-olds, she describes the way the youthful Schleicher, “his pale blue eyes focused and intense,” sat in on an education class as a college student in Germany.
By the end of that class, the professor “could tell that there was something different about this rail-thin young man who spoke in a voice just above a whisper.” In this ridiculous, mystical way, Schleicher’s career begins.
This is silly, novelized writing, of a type which is often directed at children, for whom it is age appropriate. It also signals an obvious point—everything Schleicher says later on will be assumed to be accurate.
It won’t be enough to say that Schleicher has devised an important set of international tests. His tests have to be better than all the others—so much better that the other tests don’t even have to be named!
In such passages, Ripley is virtually inventing a new literary form, a claim we’ll discuss on a later date. For today, let’s examine what happens in 2001, when the man whose pale blue eyes were so focused releases the first set of scores from his smarter invention, the PISA.
Those first PISA scores were released in December of that year, in a press event at “the Chateau de la Muette, the grand Rothschild mansion that served as [OECD] headquarters in Paris.” (For the record, that’s Paris, France.) When small little Finland is named as the top scoring nation, Ripley’s grants herself novelistic omniscience as she describes what happened right there in the room.
Miraculously, Ripley knows who “whispered” what to whom when Finland was named the top dog. This is purely novelistic. There’s no way Ripley can know the things she folds into her Boy’s Life-style story-telling.
Whatever! Eventually, Ripley starts describing how people reacted over here in the States. First, she describes the way U.S. kids had performed on these first PISA tests:
RIPLEY (page 17): Across the ocean, the United States rang in somewhere above Greece and below Canada, a middling performance that would be repeated in every subsequent round [of PISA testing]. U.S. teenagers did better in reading but that was only comforting, since math skills tended to be better predictors of future earnings.As written, that second paragraph is fuzzy. Readers won’t able to explain precisely what it means. But Ripley has begun to hit a key point—American society is much more stratified than is the case in miraculous Finland or hamster-wheel Korea. As compared to those high-scoring PISA nations, much larger academic gaps separate various groups of students here in the U.S.
Even in reading, a gulf of more than ninety points separated America’s most-advantaged kids from the least-advantaged peers. By comparison, only thirty-three points separated Korea’s most-privileged and least-privileged students, and almost all of them scored higher than their American counterparts.
American students produced middling scores on those first PISA tests. As she continues, Ripley describes the reaction in the U.S. As she does, she starts disappearing large groups of American kids.
Millions of children are becoming invisible in this anodyne passage. Note the heroism of Schleicher, our focused and intense hero:
RIPLEY (continuing directly): U.S. Education Secretary Rod Paige lamented the results. “Average is not good enough for American kids,” he said. He vowed (wrongly, as it would turn out) that No Child Left Behind, President George W. Bush’s new accountability-based reform law, would improve America’s standing.According to Ripley, some Americans “defended their system, blaming the diversity of their students for lackluster results.” Ripley never says, in her text or her endnotes, who those Americans were. But true to her novelized drama, Andreas the Giant responds to those hackish Americans “in his meticulous way.”
Other Americans defended their system, blaming the diversity of their students for lackluster results. In his meticulous way, Schleicher responded with data: Immigrants could not be blamed America’s poor showing. The country would have had the same ranking if their scores were ignored. In fact, worldwide, the share of immigrant children explained only 3 percent of the variance between countries.
Meticulously, Schleicher presented the data. No doubt his pale blue eyes were focused and intense as he did this. (Do you see how novels work?)
As Schleicher responds to those unnamed Americans, Ripley is working a sleight of hand. In the process, she is disappearing a large swath of American children. Beyond that, there is a second problem:
Worldwide, does the share of immigrant children “explain only 3 percent of the variance between countries?” That’s an unfortunate con job too, for reasons we’ll note tomorrow.
For now, let’s get back to the first sleight of hand in that slippery passage. As we do, let’s think about those invisible children:
Question: Does the diversity of America’s student population only derive from its immigrant children? Aren’t there other large groups of students who help define our “diversity?”
Ripley never says which Americans, if any, actually “defended their system” in the manner she describes. But there was a different group of kids who lowered America’s average scores on those first PISA tests. Ripley sweeps those children away in that slippery passage.
As a group, these children scored well below other parts of the American student population on those first PISA tests. Remember the way American students displayed an unusually large achievement gap on that first PISA reading test? That “gulf of more than ninety points” which Ripley cites on page 17?
In fact, at least two large groups of American kids scored well below other parts of the student population on those first PISA tests. And uh-oh!
The two reforms which Ripley promotes may work well in many parts of our land. But it isn’t clear that those reforms would address the needs of these disappeared and deserving American kids, the children who are largely invisible in this upper-class book.
Tomorrow: Concerning those first PISA test scores
Discourse on method: Doggone it!
Thanks to the government shutdown, the truly fabulous PISA Data Explorer is still out of commission at the NCES. (On the bright side, none of our “education reporters” will be inconvenienced by this!) Despite that fact, we hope to be able to dissect those first PISA scores tomorrow, courtesy of a top-secret, back-channel source.
If not, we have substitute data which will establish our point. Who are Ripley’s invisible children, the children the scribe disappears? | <urn:uuid:904494c6-359a-48ae-a4f9-facfea52f857> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | http://dailyhowler.blogspot.com/2013/10/invisible-children-ignoring-gap.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875144150.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20200219122958-20200219152958-00111.warc.gz | en | 0.95776 | 2,050 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Almost all gardens, including those in the heart of towns and cities, will receive at least occasional visits from some mammals.
The closer you live to a meadow, park, woodland or a space where mammals are often found, the greater the likelihood these animals will make their way into your garden.
Whatever the size of your garden, with a little patience and effort you'll be rewarded with visitors. For many, the joy of being able to look out of your window to see signs of deer, badgers, foxes, bats and hedgehogs is a real incentive to garden with wildlife in mind.
There are many ways you can attract mammals to your garden:
|Access||Make access as easy as possible by ensuring there are gaps at ground level in hedges and fences. This will help wildlife to move from garden to garden.|
Mammals prefer eating native plants and fruits. Plant native trees, plants and shrubs such as hazel, crab-apple, hawthorn, privet, guelder rose, wayfaring tree and spindle.
Some mammals are omnivores or carnivores, so a soil rich in invertebrates is important to feed hedgehogs and the native trees and shrubs will provide insects for bats.
All mammals need water, and the best way to encourage them to your garden is to have a pond.
Find out more about restoring or creating a wildlife friendly pond here.
Hedgehogs love the warmth of a compost heap, so while these are a great way to attract them, ensure you check for the heap before using the compost on your garden. Find out more about composting here.
A log pile in a quiet spot will provide a haven for mammals to shelter.
While all mammals are important, hedgehogs have seen a rapid decline since the 1950s. Hedgehogs used to be a familiar and well-loved visitor to our gardens, but according to a survey by the PTES only one in five people in the UK have ever seen a hedgehog in their garden.
Intensive agriculture, loss of hedgerows and permanent grassland, use of pesticides, tidier gardens, new houses (with hedgehog-proof fences) and new roads have probably all played their part in their decline.
Only one in five people in the UK have ever seen a hedgehog in their garden.
You can help to provide a safe habitat in your garden by:
- Avoiding the use of pesticides.
- Creating a pond with shallow areas for hedgehogs to drink from and so they can climb out if they fall in.
- Providing nesting sites, such as log and leaf piles and purpose built hedgehog homes.
- Being aware of dangers such as checking the area before strimming and mowing or lighting a bonfire.
- Creating a hedgehog highway by creating access a gap in your hedge or fence and ask your neighbours to do the same.
Don’t forget to report your sightings on the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust Hedgehog map. | <urn:uuid:ce9b06ca-77c7-4c83-af9b-fe6583085b12> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.gloucestershirewildlifetrust.co.uk/hedgehog-way-top-garden-tips | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738982.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20200813103121-20200813133121-00208.warc.gz | en | 0.935274 | 628 | 3.546875 | 4 |
90 Tablets (SKU 1240)
- Supports the nervous system
- Helps memory and learning
- Boosts energy
- Helps control homocysteine levels
- Promotes a healthy cardiovascular system
- Enhances immune system function
- Product informationProduct information
- Nutritional factsNutrition
- Advanced infoExtra
Natural Factors Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin is the most stable form of vitamin B12. A water-soluble vitamin that helps produce red blood cells, as well as treat pernicious anemia, B12 plays a role in healthy nervous system function, digestion, and in the maintenance of good health.
|Each tablet contains:|
|Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)||250 mcg|
Non-Medicinal IngredientsMicrocrystalline cellulose, vegetable grade magnesium stearate (lubricant).
An essential nutrient and a member of the B complex family of vitamins, vitamin B12 acts as a coenzyme for normal DNA synthesis, prevents nerve damage, and promotes growth, cell and blood cell development.
Vitamin B12 aids folic acid in regulation of the formation of red blood cells, and helps in the utilization of iron. It is also required for the proper digestion and absorption of foods, the synthesis of proteins, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. B12 plays a role in nervous system function with the production of myelin, the protective sheath around nerves, as well as the production of a neurotransmitter that helps with memory and learning.
Vitamin B12 is water-soluble and is the only B vitamin that can be stored in the body, mainly in the liver. Deficiencies are commonly linked to an inability to effectively absorb vitamin B12 from the intestine, or to individuals who consume a strict vegetarian diet, since the vitamin is found primarily in foods of animal origin.
Natural Factors Vitamin B12 is in the cyanocobalamin form which is the most studied and most stable form of vitamin B12. It is free of artificial preservatives, colours, and sweeteners. | <urn:uuid:f54fd8a7-d5b5-4060-aa7d-124c364b1b17> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://naturalfactors.com/product/vitamin-b12-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823214.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019012514-20171019032514-00222.warc.gz | en | 0.890813 | 430 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Schefflera, also known as umbrella tree, is a large evergreen shrub with glossy dark-green leaves. Schefflera grows well in warm climates, and it typically reaches a height of 10 to 15 feet, though smaller dwarf varieties are also available. Sunset's climate zones 14 through 26 can support schefflera plants.
Schefflera grows best in well-drained sandy loam soils with an acidic to slightly alkaline pH. It will tolerate shade, but in coastal areas it grows best with either full sun or dappled shade. Avoid planting it in a location where the soil becomes wet or waterlogged after a rain. Schefflera is also heat-tolerant, but it should not be exposed to temperatures below freezing.
You can water schefflera as needed, but avoid over-watering it. Schefflera is drought-tolerant, but does not grow well in soaking wet soil, so it's better to err on the side of too little water than too much. In an outdoor setting, schefflera generally doesn't need to be fertilized, though adding mulch around the shrub will help control moisture and add nutrients to the soil. You can prune schefflera by cutting just above the leaf to control this plant's size.
Since they don't tolerate freezing temperatures, schefflera is a good candidate for indoor container growing if you live in zone 13 or below. Schefflera grows well in pots or other containers with a loose, all-purpose potting soil. As with outdoor schefflera plants, they can tolerate sun or partial shade indoors. Fertilize container-grown plants occasionally with a water-soluble or a time-release houseplant fertilizer, though plants in shade require less frequent fertilization than those in full sun.
Pests and Problems
When grown in proper conditions, schefflera rarely develops pest or disease problems. Spider mites and scale can occasionally become an issue for indoor schefflera plants, but insecticides are available for these pests. Outdoor plants tend to be fairly pest-free, although excessive water can cause root rot and make schefflera more susceptible to infestations.
Schefflera is toxic if ingested, and its leaves and plant sap can cause minor skin irritation on contact. Toxicity is generally low and skin irritation rarely lasts longer than a few minutes, but Schefflera may be a plant to avoid if you have children.
- University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service: Schefflera Production Guide
- University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service: Schefflera Arboricola
- Clemson Cooperative Extension: Schefflera
- Arizona State University: Schefflera Actinophylla
- North Caroline State University: Poisonous Plants: Schefflera spp.
- Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:9d38dbcd-c422-4893-bf4c-1c8ee4087ac8> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://homeguides.sfgate.com/care-schefflera-plant-23830.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510275111.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011755-00308-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896941 | 602 | 3.328125 | 3 |
The human mind is a very interesting thing and it is amazing how our memory works. Often college students study while listening to music. Unfortunately, while taking the test they are not allowed to listen to the music and therefore it might be harder to recall the information.
This is because their brain has attached the information they were studying to the music they were listening to at the time, and it does this automatically. Thus, they need that music playing to recall the information to answer the questions on the tests.
Of course, there is another way to do this, one that will actually help the college students recall information even faster. The best way to do this is to play only two or three songs over and over and over again while you’re studying for your test. Then while taking the test sing those songs in your mind over and over again, all the information will come as fluidly as you would ever believe. This technique actually works.
Another thing that I used to do in college is study with a gal who wore a certain perfume, who also sat two seats away from me in class. Since I can always smell the perfume in class, and since we studied together, this helped my recall.
It was something I did purposely because I understood how the brain works. The same thing is true when using music to help you recall information, these techniques work, and they work well. All you are doing is using tricks of the brain due to the way it works and its basic structure. Please consider all this. | <urn:uuid:fb02b14d-b28f-4fde-ba1f-5e8e73451204> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://find-a-track.com/using-music/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506339.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922070214-20230922100214-00024.warc.gz | en | 0.979101 | 308 | 3.109375 | 3 |
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