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Refractory sprue is a rare and severe malabsorptive disorder that mimics celiac disease but is refractory to a gluten-free diet and is without initial evidence of overt lymphoma. Treatment is largely empiric and often ineffective, with steroids and immunosuppression being the mainstream therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effect of azathioprine on a group of patients diagnosed with refractory sprue. We studied seven consecutive patients (five women and two men) with a well-defined diagnosis of refractory sprue and a lack of response to oral or parenteral steroids. At diagnosis, five patients had endoscopic evidence of ulcerative jejunitis, and five underwent exploratory laparotomy for exclusion of malignancies. The characteristic monoclonal TCRgamma gene rearrangement was shown in five of six patients studied. Patients were treated for a mean of 11 months (range 8-12 months), and clinical, biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were reassessed at the end of the trial. The study was a prospective, open-label, non-placebo-controlled study using azathioprine (2 mg/kg/ day) plus oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/day). A gluten-free diet (n = 7) as well as enteral (n = 6) and parenteral nutrition (n = 5) were administered during the trial. After treatment, five patients had a complete clinical remission, and biochemical and nutritional parameters were significantly improved. Steroids were tapered after the onset of azathioprine, and no patient was on steroids at the end of the trial. Intestinal histology improved significantly in all cases (normal histology in three cases and minor infiltration in the lamina propria in two). Two patients did not respond to treatment at any time and died in months 10 and 9, of an irreversible ventricular fibrillation and sepsis, respectively. No overt lymphoma was demonstrated during the follow-up. The present study confirms earlier anecdotal reports on the efficacy of azathioprine in refractory sprue, with clear clinical and histological improvement shown in most patients. However, monoclonality persisted after treatment. We consider that a larger number of patients should be evaluated before a definitive recommendation is adopted for use of this drug in refractory sprue.
This study does not have any comparison patient group
1entailed
biosift-nli
The concept here is to help students become critical thinkers and responsible digital citizens as they explore the world around them. Google announced 10 new stories for its Voyager platform in collaboration with National Geographic Society and PBS Education. These new experiences come with additional classroom activities to let teachers help guide their students, and school IT administrators can add Google Earth as a service within their own Google for Education domains. The team also promises a new self-guided mode, coming "soon," for the more than 600 currently available virtual field trips via the Expeditions app. A new digital citizenship and safety program called "Be Internet Awesome" is also available to kids. It includes resources for students, educators and families to help kids make smart decisions online. Schools can also purchase a collection of STEM tools for Chromebooks, including a Dremel 3D printer and the littleBits Code Kit, which can be used to help kids become inventors. Finally, Google is sharing some data around the impact it's having in schools that use Chromebooks and G Suite with seven new "Impact Portraits" from schools around the US. "In the Metropolitan School District of Wayne Township, for example," Google says in the blog post, "Indiana's measure of third-grade reading skills has grown by 10% since adopting Chromebooks."
Google has launched a raft of online apps aimed at young students , according to an announcement at the International Society for Technology in Education conference . As well as 10 new stories and extra online activities for its Voyager platform , Google unveiled the " Be ##come Awesome " resource , targeted at helping children to make smart online choices . The search engine said the Expeditions app could also expect a self - guided mode " soon " .
0not-entailed
doc-nli
The joint travel highlights not only Trump's enduring influence over the party, but also the former president's ongoing focus on immigration - a topic that he made a centerpiece of his campaigns and administration, to polarizing effect."
The author of this text is neutral towards trump.
1entailed
Pol_NLI
What was the name Loughborough University was known by from 1966 to 1996?
Loughborough University was called Loughborough University of Technology from 1966 to 1996, the only institution in the UK to have had such a designation.
1entailed
glue/qnli
Brandon aggrieved Peter frimpy.
Someone did not change their thoughts, feelings, or beliefs .
0not-entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
Thank you for the invitaion to the conference call .
The thanking happened
1entailed
recast/recast_factuality
Maurice Floquet died at his home in southern France on the eve of November 11 , the 88th anniversary of the armistice that ended the war .
Southern France is a person 's given name
0not-entailed
recast/recast_ner
We will ensure that personal data receives full constitutional protection from government overreach and that individuals retain the right to control the use of their data by third parties;
This example text from a political party manifesto is in favour of freedom and human rights, for example freedom of speech, assembly or against state coercion or for individualism
1entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. Charlie is young. Erin is nice. White, nice people are green. If Erin is red then Erin is cold. Young, red people are furry. All nice, white people are green. All young people are red. If someone is red and white then they are cold. All white, red people are green. If someone is red then they are white.
Charlie is not young.
0not-entailed
ruletaker
(s&h)
(s|s)
1entailed
logical-entailment
Concern based on the reported short-term adverse effects of antihypertensive agents on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles (PLPPs) has complicated the therapy for hypertension. To compare the long-term (1-year) effects of 6 different antihypertensive drugs and placebo on PLPPs in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial in 15 US Veterans Affairs medical centers. A total of 1292 ambulatory men, 21 years or older, with diastolic blood pressures (DBPs) ranging from 95 to 109 mm Hg taking placebo were randomized to receive placebo or 1 of 6 antihypertensive drugs: hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, captopril, clonidine, diltiazem, or prazosin. After drug titration, patients with a DBP of less than 90 mm Hg were followed up for 1 year. Plasma lipids and lipoprotein profiles were determined at baseline, after initial titration, and at 1 year. After 8 weeks on a regimen of hydrochlorothiazide, increases of 3.3 mg/dL (0.09 mmol/L) in total cholesterol and 2.7 mg/dL in apolipoprotein B were significantly different (P< or =.05) from decreases of 9.3 mg/dL in total cholesterol and 5.4 mg/dL in ApoB levels while receiving prazosin but not from placebo. Patients achieving positive DBP control using hydrochlorothiazide (responders) showed no adverse changes in PLPPs, whereas nonresponders exhibited increases in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Plasma lipids and lipoprotein profiles did not change significantly among treatment groups after 1 year except for minor decreases in high-density lipoprotein 2 levels using hydrochlorothiazide, clonidine, and atenolol. None of these 6 antihypertensive drugs has any long-term adverse effects on PLPPs and, therefore, may be safely prescribed. Previously reported short-term adverse effects from using hydrochlorothiazide are limited to nonresponders.
This study does not have any quantitative outcomes
0not-entailed
biosift-nli
Look ! Out by the bridge ! It 's ... it 's ... Ant-Man ? Yes , Ant-Man , also known as Scott Lang , a superhero who can change his size , thanks to the scientific prowess of Dr. Hank Pym . Paul Rudd is playing Lang , who has a two-bit criminal background , in the movie -- due out next year -- and Marvel just released a photograph of the grizzled figure standing by San Francisco 's Golden Gate Bridge , an old Ford van nearby . `` Ant-Man '' is being directed by Peyton Reed ( `` Bring It On , '' `` Yes Man '' ) with a script from Edgar Wright , Joe Cornish and Adam McKay . Michael Douglas is playing Pym . Judy Greer , John Slattery join 'Ant-Man ' The movie will also film in Atlanta . What do you think ? Are you looking forward to `` Ant-Man '' ?
Marvel releases pic from `` Ant-Man '' Paul Rudd plays the superhero , a former thief who can change size . He is recruited by Scott Lang to help stop an evil scientist named Hank Pym ( Michael Douglas ) and his team of super villains known as The Avengers.
0not-entailed
doc-nli
rt mccarthy just now for the 50th time, house republicans asked for an up or down vote on the #bornalive abortion survivors protection act. and for the 50th time, democrats rejected the opportunity to protect life.
The author of this text supports mccarthy.
1entailed
Pol_NLI
When did Islam begin to become a political power in India?
The most significant event between the 7th and 11th century was the Tripartite struggle centered on Kannauj that lasted for more than two centuries between the Pala Empire, Rashtrakuta Empire, and Gurjara Pratihara Empire.
0not-entailed
glue/qnli
Amanda maligned Lisa.
Something touched another thing .
0not-entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
The price was actually lower than what I had anticipated and used to compared to other places , plus he showed me the work he did when I came in to pick up the car .
The showing happened
1entailed
recast/recast_factuality
Their departure Monday virtually completes a pullout that ends 29 years of Syrian dominance in Lebanese political life .
Monday is a person 's given name
0not-entailed
recast/recast_ner
What are you saying? The material in this concert is some of Jackie's most successful and popular. Unfortunately, the production values of the recording are abysmal. The performance is 5 stars. Unfortunately, you will have a difficult time appreciating this.Save your money and buy "Broadway", "Trilogy" or the the other DVD"s which boast outstanding production values.
The sentiment in this example amazon product review is negative
1entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. The dog eats the rabbit. The dog is red. The dog likes the tiger. The dog does not need the tiger. The mouse eats the dog. The mouse does not eat the rabbit. The mouse is green. The mouse does not need the tiger. The rabbit likes the dog. The rabbit likes the mouse. The rabbit likes the tiger. The rabbit needs the dog. The tiger is green. The tiger is red. The tiger needs the mouse. If the mouse needs the tiger then the mouse does not eat the tiger. If someone needs the rabbit then the rabbit does not eat the mouse. If someone is not big then they like the mouse. If someone likes the rabbit then they are cold. If someone needs the dog and they are not green then they are cold. If someone eats the tiger then the tiger likes the rabbit. If someone likes the rabbit then the rabbit likes the dog. If someone does not like the dog then they eat the tiger.
The mouse is not cold.
1entailed
ruletaker
~(((f>g)>(t>g)))
~((t>f))
1entailed
logical-entailment
Duloxetine (Cymbalta(®)) is a serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) re-uptake inhibitor indicated for the treatment of depression, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and general anxiety disorder. The aim of this study is to gain insight in the user and safety profile of duloxetine in daily practice, reported by patients via a web-based intensive monitoring system during their first 6 months of use. First-time users of duloxetine were identified through the first dispensing signal in the pharmacy. Patient demographics and information about drug use and adverse drug reactions, ADRs, were collected through electronic questionnaires sent 2 and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after the start of duloxetine administration. ADRs were quantified and signal detection was performed on a case by case basis. Three hundred and ninety-eight patients registered for the study; 69.1 % were female. Depression was the main indication. Three hundred and three patients (76.1 %) filled in at least one questionnaire and 78.9 % of these reported an ADR. Serious ADRs were reported by 4 patients. Three new signals were identified, amenorrhea, shock-like paraesthesias and micturition problems. Web-based intensive monitoring is an observational prospective cohort study mirroring the use and ADRs of duloxetine in daily practice. This study indicates that duloxetine is a relatively safe drug as used by patients for six months in daily practice, but the aforementioned signals need to be evaluated in more detail.
This study does not have any cohorts or clinical trial
1entailed
biosift-nli
CISHAN , Taiwan ( CNN ) -- Taiwan 's leader Ma Ying-jeou said Sunday he accepts responsibility for the government 's slow response after Typhoon Morakot slammed into the island killing at more than 120 people and unleashing floods , mudslides and misery . Mourners kneel and pray to the dead as they face the devastated valley of Shiao Lin . Ma , who has faced heavy criticism from victims of the disaster , ruled out resignation , insisting his government did its best in the face of difficulties , however he pledged an investigation into any irregularities . `` Certainly , I will take full responsibility whatever the blame is because , after all , I am the president of this country , '' Ma told CNN , saying heavy rains grounded rescue helicopters in the first few days after the storm hit , delaying relief . `` Once the weather was good -- that is the 14th of August -- we were able to evacuate 2,518 people . It 's a record , '' he said . Hundreds of people still await rescue in remote areas of Taiwan , where torrential downpours , dense fog , rugged terrain and raging rivers have hampered relief efforts . Washed-out roads and collapsed bridges have made some rescue operations impossible . Touring disaster areas , Ma has been confronted by angry survivors , and even provoked a scuffle when he opened a weekend baseball game as protesters demanded he step down . Ma has offered apologies and promises to do better . `` We will find out not only to correct the mistakes but ( also ) to punish the people responsible , '' he said . Rescue efforts were ongoing Sunday with military helicopters bringing stranded villagers to their waiting relatives . Watch rescue efforts in Taiwan » . Others , waiting days in anguish for word on their loved ones , lashed out in anger . `` Local officials do n't care , '' one man said . `` There are still people there and they do n't do anything . '' On Saturday , weeping relatives of typhoon victims set up shrines near devastated villages to calm the spirits of the dead and honor the belief that their souls will return home after seven days . Watch mourners call home souls of the dead » . Morakot hit the island last weekend , dropping 2.6 meters ( 102 inches ) of rain . Before it roared on to mainland China on Sunday , the storm killed at least 123 people in Taiwan . The death toll could climb to more than 300 after more villagers buried by mudslides and floodwaters are found , Taiwan officials have said . Southern and central Taiwan were hardest hit by the storm . Mudslides inundated some places in the south , including the village of Shiao Lin , where 160 homes were lost . Authorities believe hundreds of people could be trapped under five stories of mud in the village . International aid efforts were mobilizing on Sunday , however these were complicated by diplomatic pitfalls in the face of China 's territorial claims over Taiwan , which it considers a renegade province awaiting reunification . The U.S. military has begun a `` modest '' humanitarian aid mission to Taiwan with the dispatch of a Marine Corps C-130 cargo plane carrying plastic tarpaulins for shelter , U.S. defense officials said . Also Sunday , the USS Denver was en route to the Taiwanese coast with additional humanitarian aid and water purification capabilities , the officials said . The Navy ship is expected to arrive Monday , but officials could not say when it will launch its heavy-lift helicopters to drop the aid . Sources in Washington have said in providing aid to Taiwan , the United States must be sensitive to its territorial relationship with China . CNN 's John Vause in Cishan , Taiwan ; Pauline Chiou in Shiao Lin , Taiwan ; and Mike Mount in Washington contributed to this report .
Taiwan 's leader says he takes blame for slow typhoon response . Ma Ying-jeou has refused to stand down over criticism . Typhoon killed 123 people in Taiwan and left many thousands homeless .
1entailed
doc-nli
Turkish army warplanes conducted airstrikes against PKK militants in Gire Cudi area in Al Amadiya district of Duhok. Casualties unknown.
This text is about an air or drone strike.
1entailed
Pol_NLI
What is the Berggarten?
The Berggarten is an important European botanical garden.[citation needed]
1entailed
glue/qnli
The jeb thumped the goss quooky.
Nothing touched anything else .
0not-entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
According to some reports , Zawahiri is thought by intelligence to be somewhere near the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan .
The thinking did not happen
0not-entailed
recast/recast_factuality
Vice President Joe Biden has sworn in former Dallas Mayor Ron Kirk as the new U.S. trade representative .
Joe is a location
0not-entailed
recast/recast_ner
We want to open opportunities to all women, so that they can participate fully in life and in the workplace. Clothing that hides identity, puts up barriers to communication, limits employment opportunities, hides evidence of domestic abuse, and prevents intake of essential vitamin D from sunlight is not liberating.
This example text from a political party manifesto is positive towards equality or social justice, e.g. protection of underprivileged groups or fair distribution of resources
1entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. Bob is big. Bob is blue. Bob is cold. Bob is green. Bob is round. Bob is smart. Bob is white. Erin is cold. Erin is green. Erin is round. Erin is smart. Erin is white. Gary is big. Gary is blue. Gary is green. Gary is white. If something is big and not round then it is smart. If something is smart and not green then it is not cold. If something is white and not cold then it is smart.
Gary is smart.
1entailed
ruletaker
~((h>(q&g)))
(~((u>q))>(h&~(~((h|((m|e)&(h|e)))))))
1entailed
logical-entailment
Results from randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that escitalopram is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Such trials typically employ stringent inclusion criteria that may limit the generalizability of findings to the broader population of patients treated in psychiatric and primary care practices. The objective of the current trial was to assess the effect of escitalopram treatment on depressed outpatients in naturalistic settings. This 8-week open-label trial enrolled 5,453 outpatients aged > or = 18 years with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder from primary care (n = 2,591), psychiatric (n = 2,289), and other specialty (n = 573) practices. Escitalopram was initiated at 10 mg/day, and dose could be increased to a maximum of 20 mg/day. Efficacy measures included the Clinical Global Impressions of Improvement (CGI-I) scale, Patient Global Evaluation (PGE) scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Overall, 76% of patients completed 8 weeks of treatment. The mean dose of escitalopram was 11.6 mg/day. At endpoint, response rates (defined as a score < or = 2 on the CGI-I or PGE) were 68% on the clinician-assessed CGI-I and 66% on the PGE. Improvement was not related to age or response to prior antidepressant treatment. Overall, 9% of patients discontinued due to adverse events. Escitalopram treatment was well tolerated and associated with robust response rates in a broadly representative population of depressed outpatients.
This study does not have a target disease
0not-entailed
biosift-nli
( CNN ) -- After nearing the all-time record , gas prices in the United States are sliding downward , with another drop possible in the next few days , according to a survey published Sunday . The Lundberg Survey found the average price of a gallon of self-serve regular gasoline nationwide was $ 3.91 as of Friday , publisher Trilby Lundberg said . The price represents a drop of just over 9 cents from May 6 , when prices hit the $ 4 mark . The all-time high for U.S. gas prices was $ 4.11 on July 11 , 2008 , she said . The drop `` comes from the crude oil price slump earlier this month , '' Lundberg said , `` and it looks like there 's perhaps another dime drop at the pump in the next few days . '' However , whether the drop is more or less than a dime depends on several factors , including what crude oil prices do next and whether flooding in the Southeast , which has caused transport delays , does not worsen , she said . Asked whether crude oil prices may rise again , Lundberg said , `` It certainly is possible at any time . '' However , the recent high prices have contributed to a dampening of world demand , she said , and demand at the pump in the United States is down `` with a double whammy '' -- unemployment and underemployment , as well as the Southeast flooding . The Friday price is about $ 1.08 higher than the price a year ago -- $ 2.83 on May 21 , 2010 . The city with the highest average price in the latest survey was Chicago , at $ 4.38 per gallon , Lundberg said . The lowest was Jackson , Mississippi , at $ 3.60 . Different tax levels in different states are a major factor in bringing about diverse prices . Here are some other average prices in a panel of large cities : . -- Salt Lake City $ 3.67 . -- St. Louis $ 3.74 . -- Houston $ 3.79 . -- Atlanta $ 3.91 . -- Boston $ 3.98 . -- San Francisco Bay area $ 4.17 .
The average U.S. price is $ 3.91 per gallon . In the UK, a litre of petrol costs about £ 2.20 ( or around $ 1.60 ) and in Germany The all-time record is $ 4.11 in July 2008 .
0not-entailed
doc-nli
Super sexy redhead babes @bbwjulieginger and @ElizaAllure show just how sexy they can be in this hot lesbian scene now at URL URL
This text is attacking people for their sexuality.
0not-entailed
Pol_NLI
What is the major hockey league team of Bern?
The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade.
0not-entailed
glue/qnli
There rustled the zeen in the shink.
Someone moved from their location .
0not-entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
Newsweek reported that a `` second wave `` involving biological attacks had been thwarted upon the arrest of Al Qaeda members who had been intended to provide logistical support .
The providing happened
0not-entailed
recast/recast_factuality
Palestinian security officials say the strikes overnight Saturday targeted a car in the central town of Deir al-Balah , and an area in northern Gaza .
Saturday is a day of the week
1entailed
recast/recast_ner
I bought an item and the exchange rate was wrong.
This banking customer example message is about activating a card.
0not-entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. Alan is rough. Dave is kind. Dave is green. Dave is big. Gary is young. Gary is red. Gary is nice. Gary is blue. Harry is green. If someone is young and kind and big then they are rough. If someone is young and red and cold then they are big. If someone is rough then they are blue. If someone is green and kind and big then they are young.
Dave is kind.
1entailed
ruletaker
(~(f)&l)
(l&(l|f))
1entailed
logical-entailment
Previous studies have suggested that intensive statin therapy, compared with moderate statin therapy, provided greater reduction of LDL and better protection against major cardiovascular events. However, the exact dose-dependent mechanism of plaque stabilization remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) response of fibrous caps overlying lipid plaques to statin therapy. We applied a novel computer algorithm to investigate the fibrous cap 3D morphological change over time in patients with coronary artery disease. Patients were treated with either atorvastatin 20 mg/day (moderate intensity) or atorvastatin 60 mg/day (high intensity). Optical coherence tomography was performed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. A total of 31 lipid plaques from 21 patients were analyzed. Conventional metrics such as the minimum fibrous cap thickness change between the two treatment groups were not significantly different between the baseline and the 12-month follow-up. In contrast, the 3D metric thin cap (<80 μm) surface area change between the baseline and the 12-month follow-up showed dose-dependent, significant differences between the statin treatment groups (P<0.001). 3D reconstructions of fibrous caps further indicated that fibrous caps showed diverse (scattered vs. confluent) patterns and could evolve in a complex manner. High-intensity statin therapy more effectively stabilized fibrous caps at follow-up. The new 3D algorithm provided more comprehensive and detailed information on the changes in plaque phenotype in response to statin therapy.
This study has human subjects
0not-entailed
biosift-nli
What 's going on in eastern Ukraine ? What do the people in the east want ? Ukraine is ground zero in a tense power play between Russia and the West , with U.S. officials saying they just want Ukrainians to be allowed to decide their own fate , and Russian officials saying they simply want to ensure that Russian-speaking Ukrainians have a fair say over how they are governed . Text: I'm from Kiev, and i've been to Donetsk. Is it on the brink of civil war ?
What 's going on in eastern Ukraine ? What do the people in the east want ? Text: I'm from Kiev, and i've been to Donetsk. Is it on the brink of civil war ?
1entailed
doc-nli
Prescription Drug Price Transparency Act This bill establishes additional requirements for prescription drug plan sponsors (PDPs) under Medicare and Medicare Advantage, as well as health insurance carriers under the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, relating to the methodology of payments to pharmacies and the use of pharmacy benefits managers (PBMs). Specifically, such PDPs and carriers must disclose specified information to pharmacies regarding applicable standards for reimbursement that are based on drug costs, including the sources used to update such standards. Additionally, such PDPs and carriers may not contract with PBMs that require, or that provide an incentive for, plan enrollees to use pharmacies that have a shared ownership interest with the PBM.
This text is about labor and employment.
0not-entailed
Pol_NLI
A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles?
A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way.
0not-entailed
glue/qnli
Nicholas sighed for Daniel to rish.
Someone or something changed physically .
0not-entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
If you use this cage it 's best to remove the wire shelves altogether and replace it with hammocks and the like .
The removing did not happen
1entailed
recast/recast_factuality
The Cabinet reshuffle comes a day after Kenyan police ordered 20 people under investigation in the scandals to give up their passports and firearms .
Kenyan is a day of the month
0not-entailed
recast/recast_ner
i feel like i m accomplishing something and when i feel passionate about life
This example tweet expresses the emotion: fear
0not-entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. Dave is quiet. Erin is green. If someone is rough and smart then they are round. If someone is green then they are not round. All white people are kind. If Dave is rough and Dave is kind then Dave is green. If someone is kind then they are green. If someone is not round then they are white.
Erin is not quiet.
1entailed
ruletaker
(y&r)
(c>~(r))
0not-entailed
logical-entailment
The goal of treatment for idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is to prevent serious bleeding. Traditionally, corticosteroids have been used as first-line therapy followed by splenectomy. Experience with splenectomy over 60 years shows that approximately two thirds of patients achieve normal platelet counts during the initial observation, but that thrombocytopenia often recurs with longer follow-up. We know that long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to significant morbidities; there is no consensus regarding the appropriate timing or indications for splenectomy. To address the Issue of appropriate use of splenectomy, we designed a multicenter clinical trial that will randomize patients to either standard care, involving prednisone followed by splenectomy, or to a novel regimen of limited prednisone treatment followed by WinRho SDF (Nabi, Boca Raton, FL) (anti-D) therapy to maintain the platelet count in a safe range for 1 year. Anti-D can be administered easily in an outpatient setting with few side effects and can provide predictable, transient increases in platelet count. The hypothesis is that prolonged maintenance therapy with a nontoxic regimen may increase the percentage of patients who will experience a spontaneous remission from thrombocytopenia, thereby avoiding an invasive and permanent surgical procedure, splenectomy, and its potentially life-threatening sequelae.
This study has a target drug
1entailed
biosift-nli
Detroit remains one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. From the 1940s to the 1970s a second wave of Blacks moved to Detroit to escape Jim Crow laws in the south and find jobs. However, they soon found themselves excluded from white areas of the city—through violence, laws, and economic discrimination (e.g., redlining). White residents attacked black homes: breaking windows, starting fires, and exploding bombs. The pattern of segregation was later magnified by white migration to the suburbs. One of the implications of racial segregation, which correlates with class segregation, may be overall worse health for some populations.
White migration to the suburbs exacerbated segregation in Detroit .
1entailed
doc-nli
chancellor rallies labour voters gordon brown has issued a rallying cry to supporters warning the stakes are too high to stay at home or protest vote in the next general election. the chancellor said the poll - expected to fall on 5 may - would give a clear and fundamental choice between labour investment and tory cuts. he told his party s spring conference the tories must not be allowed to win. the conservatives and lib dems insisted that voters faced higher taxes and means-testing under labour. to a packed audience at gateshead s sage centre mr brown accused shadow chancellor oliver letwin of plotting cuts that were the equivalent of sacking every teacher gp and nurse in the country. laying into the conservative s record in government he said: i give you this promise - with labour britain will never return to the mistakes of erm and 10% inflation 15% interest rates £3bn in lost reserves 250 000 repossessed one million in negative equity and three million unemployed. never again tory boom and bust. this will be the central dividing line at the election between a conservative party taking britain back and planning deep cuts of £35bn in our services and a labour government taking britain forward which on a platform of stability will reform and renew our hospitals schools and public services and i am proud to say spend by 2008 £60bn more. turning to the economy the chancellor promised to continue economic stability and growth in a third term in power. he also pledged to continue the fight against child and pensioner poverty. and he promised help to get young people on the property ladder. my message to the thousands of young couples waiting to obtain their first home is that housing is rightly now at the
This text is about politics.
1entailed
Pol_NLI
In what year during the Hundred Years' War did the French assault Plymouth?
During the Hundred Years' War a French attack (1340) burned a manor house and took some prisoners, but failed to get into the town.
1entailed
glue/qnli
Rebecca palavered Chelsea into efmotting.
Someone did not move from their location .
1entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
I called the `` 207 `` number and listened to the same recording loop 3 times before I gave up .
The giving did not happen
0not-entailed
recast/recast_factuality
About Social Security , he said younger workers should be allowed to divert part of their taxes into private accounts that they could invest for a possibly higher return .
Social Security is an organization
1entailed
recast/recast_ner
To help States and local governments give better health care to the poor, I propose that we combine 16 existing Federal programs, including Medicaid, into a single $10 billion Federal grant. Funds would be divided among States under a new formula which provides a larger share of Federal money to those States that have a larger share of low-income families.
This example text from a US presidential speech is about defense or military
0not-entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. The bear likes the rabbit. The lion visits the rabbit. The rabbit is cold. The tiger is round. If something likes the rabbit then it visits the bear. If something visits the bear then it likes the bear. If the tiger is nice and the tiger is big then the tiger visits the rabbit. If something likes the rabbit and it likes the bear then it is cold. If something is cold and big then it visits the rabbit. If something likes the lion and it likes the bear then it chases the tiger. If something likes the bear then the bear is nice. If something visits the rabbit then the rabbit visits the lion.
The tiger chases the tiger.
0not-entailed
ruletaker
((v|z)&(e&~(~(b))))
((~(m)&e)|b)
1entailed
logical-entailment
Daily prednisone improves strength in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but side effects are almost universal. We used a different dosing regimen of prednisone to determine if benefit to boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy might be maintained with fewer side effects. Twice weekly oral prednisone was given each Friday and Saturday (5mg/kg/dose). This total dose is twice as high as the daily low dosage prednisone regimen (0.75 mg/kg/day). Twenty boys (8.0+/-1.2 years) were treated. Historical control groups included 18 untreated boys (6.1+/-1.6 years) and four boys (7.3+/-0.6 years) treated with daily prednisone. Strength (using a hand-held manometer and grip meter) and timed functional testing were measured. There was an improvement in upper extremity strength for 95% of boys (n=20) at 6 months using quantitative strength testing. Improvement in lower extremity strength occurred in all boys with antigravity quadriceps strength (17/17). The improvement (P=0.001 for proximal upper extremities; P=0.002 for grip; and P<0.0001 for proximal lower extremities) was significant compared to untreated boys. Sixteen boys were treated continuously for more than 12 months (22+/-1.5 months). Of these, 15 remained significantly stronger than prior to treatment and 8/16 showed additional gains in strength after six months of treatment. Six boys were on the weekly prednisolone 2 years or longer without interruption. All six had upper and lower extremity strength at follow-up that was as good or better than at baseline. Functional testing improved in boys less than 8 years without contractures. Three boys without antigravity quadriceps strength at the start of treatment lost the ability to walk unassisted within 6 months. Eight other boys lost the ability to ambulate unassisted between 12 and 24 months of treatment. In each, progressive contractures developed. Linear growth was maintained in all boys on weekly treatment. Obesity rates did not differ from untreated boys. Twice weekly prednisone improved strength over 6-12 months in the majority of boys, but did not slow contracture development. Sustained benefit beyond 12 months is possible with fewer side effects compared to daily prednisone.
This study does not have a target disease
0not-entailed
biosift-nli
( CNN ) -- I strongly support Brittany Maynard 's impassioned efforts to expand everyone 's access to physician-assisted suicide . It is tragic that she died so young , but her life has made an important contribution to us all . I am an adamant opponent of physicians ever becoming agents of death . The lessons of the Holocaust , which began with a euthanasia program , are that once medical professionals become accustomed to administering death , we have created a frightening corps of people whose very `` medical '' prestige facilitates mass killing of the vulnerable . Hence I oppose physician involvement in capital punishment ( via lethal injection ) and all forms of euthanasia in which physicians are actively involved . But physicians are not actively involved in physician-assisted suicide . In jurisdictions where physician-assisted suicide is permitted and where proper safeguards are in place to prevent depressed or otherwise ineligible people from access to lethal drugs , physicians play a standard medical role of ascertaining applicants ' eligibility for the appropriate medications . Then the physicians get out of the way . It may seem strange to say this , but the reason that you and I as free individuals can not access life-ending drugs is because governments have imposed rules that require prescription approval by physicians for such drugs . Hence , it is governments , and doctors acting on their behalf , who normally -- and wisely -- block our access to dangerous medications . Maynard 's mourners grieve on social media . Where physician-assisted suicide is allowed , physicians withdraw from this role -- they stop blocking our free access to the drugs we need to end our life . They are not administering death by writing a prescription . Just the opposite , they get out of our way as free people and allow us to do what we want to do . Physicians cease their active blocking role and literally do nothing . We are the ones who act to end our lives . I feel this is appropriate . In addition , I believe that people who are facing the end of life -- terminally ill patients such as Maynard -- and those suffering grievous and irreversible pain should be free to end their life . This is a simple expression of respect for human freedom , autonomy and dignity , and it is also an expression of compassion to allow them to do it . Experience with physician-assisted suicide has shown that many people who go through the process of applying for it do not finally avail themselves of the right to do so . This tells us that physician-assisted suicide plays an important role in providing comfort and assurance that one will not be forced to suffer beyond what one can bear . There are many who , on religious or other grounds , oppose suicide in any form . I respect their beliefs , and I would defend their right to refuse to end their lives by their own hand . But mutual respect here also requires that we allow others who believe differently to end their lives in the way they see fit , as Brittany Maynard has now courageously done .
Brittany Maynard , 29 , who had cancer , ended her life under Oregon 's Death With Dignity Act . Ronald Green supports efforts to expand access to physician-assisted suicide . He says it 's an expression of respect for human freedom , autonomy and dignity . Green : Why not allow people who believe differently to end their lives in way they see fit ?
1entailed
doc-nli
democracies tend to be wealthier than other countries
This text is about multiculturalism.
0not-entailed
Pol_NLI
What is the capitol of Armenia?
The rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself.
0not-entailed
glue/qnli
There hastened out of the yab Adam.
Someone or something did not change physically .
1entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
I have wavy hair and she cut to my hair style .
The cutting happened
1entailed
recast/recast_factuality
The United States has been urging Sunni-ruled Arab states to establish high-level diplomatic representation to the Shi'ite-led government in Baghdad .
Arab is a geographical/political entity
1entailed
recast/recast_ner
Warning: - Insulting or offensive comments will be removed - Adverts are not allowed - To keep things manageable, frequent visitors must not post more than 3 comments per day Car dealers - the purpose of this site isn't to review specific car dealers, it's to review cars. General comments about a manufacturer's dealer network are OK, but feedback on specific dealers is not allowed. This also holds for other automotive service businesses Anonymity - while entries to this website are generally anonymous, relevant contact details will be passed on to the appropriate parties in cases of defamation and libel I agree with the rules above: Continue to the next page
This text is about: community guidelines
1entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. Anne is big. Anne is nice. Anne is quiet. Dave is big. Dave is furry. Dave is nice. Dave is quiet. Dave is smart. Dave is young. Fiona is big. Fiona is kind. Fiona is quiet. Fiona is not smart. Harry is smart. If something is nice then it is kind. If something is quiet and not smart then it is nice. All smart things are furry. All young things are nice. If Harry is nice then Harry is big. Quiet things are kind. If something is furry then it is quiet. All quiet things are young. If something is young and not furry then it is nice.
Anne is furry.
0not-entailed
ruletaker
~((~(((~(v)|(j&s))>~((j|(j|j)))))|p))
(j|s)
0not-entailed
logical-entailment
The cytochromes 2 C19 2* loss of function polymorphism has recently been shown to be associated with decreased platelet reactivity (PR) inhibition after clopidogrel loading dose (LD) and an excess in thrombotic events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to investigate if an optimal PR inhibition could be obtained in patients homozygotes for this alleles using adjusted LD of clopidogrel according to platelet reactivity monitoring. Post-treatment PR was measured using the VASP index. Dose adjustment was performed in order to obtain a PR <50% using additional clopidogrel LD. Direct sequencing was used to select homozygotes for CYP 2C19 2* alleles. Six patients with the loss of function polymorphism were recruited. The mean VASP index was 53.7 ± 16.2% after the first LD of clopidogrel. Four patients had a VASP index >50% and were therefore considered to have high on treatment PR. Using up to 3 additional 600 mg LD of clopidogrel we were able to obtain a VASP <50% in all these patients. The present study is the first to suggest that in homozygotes for CYP 2C19 2* loss of function polymorphism, increased loading dose of 55 clopidogrel is efficient to obtain an optimal level PR inhibition in patients undergoing PCI.
This study has a target disease
1entailed
biosift-nli
CNN 's Anderson Cooper reported on a mass grave with hundreds of bodies . Fear of disease is frequently the reason for rapidly burying bodies in mass graves . `` When you have bodies on the street that begin to decompose , you eventually get maggot infestation because of flies This theory is unfounded , because disease-causing agents die with the corpse . Comment:
CNN 's Anderson Cooper reported on a mass grave with hundreds of bodies . Fear of disease is frequently the reason for rapidly burying bodies in mass graves . This theory is unfounded , because disease-causing agents die with the corpse . Comment:
1entailed
doc-nli
Assailants took Roland Perequitte hostage in Cagawasan, Bukidnon, Philippines. Perequitte, the local village chief, was released at a later time. No group claimed responsibility; however, sources attributed the attack to the New People's Army (NPA).
This text describes a facility or infrastructure attack
0not-entailed
Pol_NLI
What gives way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes?
The extreme and stressful climatic conditions give way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes.
1entailed
glue/qnli
Stephanie spluttered for Victoria to elno.
Someone or something changed physically .
0not-entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
It 's nice to see that even in the economy we can eat a place that has upscale service , amazing atmosphere , and Incredible food , but not break the bank while enjoying it !
The breaking did not happen
1entailed
recast/recast_factuality
Elsewhere in southern Afghanistan , NATO says a British pilot suffered minor injuries when his fighter jet crashed after takeoff in Kandahar province .
British is a month
0not-entailed
recast/recast_ner
What is going on with @abc? Watching #Scandal and it keeps cutting during the program for commercials😡😡😡😡
This example could be considered offensive, disrespectful, or toxic.
0not-entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. The bear chases the dog. The bear chases the lion. The bear is kind. The bear needs the rabbit. The dog chases the lion. The dog is blue. The dog is cold. The dog needs the lion. The lion chases the dog. The lion visits the rabbit. The rabbit is kind. The rabbit needs the dog. If something visits the lion then it is young. If something needs the dog then the dog visits the lion. If the dog chases the rabbit then the rabbit chases the bear. If something is young then it chases the bear. If something visits the bear then the bear visits the rabbit. If something needs the dog and the dog chases the bear then it is young. If something needs the lion and it needs the rabbit then the rabbit needs the dog. If something needs the lion then the lion is young.
The bear needs the lion.
0not-entailed
ruletaker
~((z>w))
((l&a)|(((a>a)|(~(e)>w))>~((w|w))))
1entailed
logical-entailment
The efficacy and safety of ceftibuten (9 mg/kg daily for 10 days) were compared with those of amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin 40 mg/kg/day given every 8 hours for 10 days) in the empiric treatment of acute otitis media in children. This was a multicenter, investigator-blinded study with 1:1 randomization. Overall clinical response and signs and symptoms of otitis were collected prospectively pretreatment, 3 to 5 days during treatment, 1 to 3 days post-treatment and at 2- to 4-week follow-up. In addition to spontaneous reports of other adverse events, gastrointestinal adverse events were prospectively elicited at each visit. Two hundred ninety-six patients (146 ceftibuten and 150 amoxicillin/clavulanate) were treated with at least 1 dose of study medication. Compliance with dosing was assessable with weight of drug consumed in 127 patients in each treatment group. Five percent (6 of 127) of ceftibuten patients and 11% (14 of 127) of amoxicillin/clavulanate patients received < 80% of prescribed drug (P = 0.10) and were therefore not valid. Two hundred twenty-two patients (121 ceftibuten and 101 amoxicillin/clavulanate) received a minimum of 80% of prescribed medication and were compliant with the protocol. Ceftibuten and amoxicillin/clavulanate groups were comparable both for demographic variables and for baseline signs and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
This study contains population size or sample size information
1entailed
biosift-nli
Real Madrid beat PSG two -0 in friendly in Madrid . Goal from Qatari in the summer settled the match . What time of the year the competition will take place is the big question that has proved so controversial , with FIFA examining the possibility of switching from the traditional summer slot to the European winter . Star players Cristiano Ronaldo and Zlatan Ibrahimovic in line-ups . Qatar will be hosting 2022 World Cup .
Real Madrid beat PSG two -0 in friendly in Madrid . Goal from Qatari in the summer settled the match . Star players Cristiano Ronaldo and Zlatan Ibrahimovic in line-ups . Qatar will be hosting 2022 World Cup .
1entailed
doc-nli
unidentified gun men, suspected to be IS sleeper cells, opened fire on a group of QSD fighters in Tayyana in the eastern countryside of Deir-ez-Zor, killing 4 fighters and wounding several others.
This text is about an armed clash.
1entailed
Pol_NLI
To what can the dissent among Catholics be attributed to during Paul VI's papacy?
The new theological freedoms which he fostered resulted in a pluralism of opinions and uncertainties among the faithful.
1entailed
glue/qnli
Daniel swindled Peter out of his zink.
Someone or something did not apply force onto something .
1entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
These three little ones do n't realize how lucky they are to have such a nice Dad , but I 'm sure they 'll find out soon .
The finding happened
0not-entailed
recast/recast_factuality
Afghan President Hamid Karzai has announced a limited reshuffle of his cabinet , dropping his long-time Foreign Minister Abdullah .
President is a person 's title
1entailed
recast/recast_ner
email james about the softball game james we need to get some refreshments before heading over
The intent of this example utterance is for an IoT device to play music.
0not-entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. The cat is rough. The cow eats the cat. If someone visits the cat then they visit the cow. If someone eats the cat and the cat chases the cow then they chase the cat. If the cat chases the cow and the cow is big then the cow is rough. If someone is green then they do not chase the cat. If someone chases the cat then the cat is green. If someone does not chase the cow then the cow chases the cat. Green people are big. If someone is not rough then they do not visit the cat.
The cow does not visit the cow.
1entailed
ruletaker
((p>n)&c)
((f|(((p&u)|f)>(z>d)))|(u>n))
1entailed
logical-entailment
Hypochondriasis without concomitant depression is often considered to be unresponsive to pharmacotherapy. Given marked similarities between hypochondriasis and obsessive-compulsive disorder, we decided to conduct an open trial of high-dose fluoxetine for patients with DSM-III-R hypochondriasis who did not meet criteria for major depression. Ten of 16 patients were much improved at the end of 12 weeks. A comparison of baseline and week 12 scores by the use of a paired-samples t-test revealed a statistically significant reduction in hypochondriacal concerns, as measured by the Heightened Illness Concern Clinical Global Impression Severity scale, the Whiteley Index of Hypochondriasis, and the Heightened Illness Concern Questionnaire. These results suggest that fluoxetine may be a useful therapy for hypochondriacal patients without marked depressive features--a group previously considered to be treatment refractory.
This study does not have any cohorts or clinical trial
0not-entailed
biosift-nli
When it first went on sale, the Kia Soul EV electric car was only available at select dealers in California. But Kia later followed up on a promise to expand sales when it determined that there was significant interest. Earlier this year, Kia announced the expansion of sales to Oregon, Washington, Georgia, Texas, and Hawaii. DON'T MISS: 2016 Kia Soul EV To Go On Sale In Oregon, Washington; Some Dealers Get DC Quick Charging Now, it's adding four more states in a region of the country fairly removed from any of the current Soul EV markets. The Soul EV will be offered at certain dealerships in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Maryland beginning in the fourth quarter, Kia says. That brings the number of states where the electric tall wagon is sold to 10. 2016 Kia Soul EV Just 19 dealers across the four new states will be authorized to sell the Soul EV, and they will install charging stations at each dealership for customers to use. These include eight New York locations, six in New Jersey, three in Maryland, and two in Connecticut. ALSO SEE: 2015 Kia Soul EV: First Drive Of Newest Electric Car (Nov 2014) As with the previous, five-state expansion, new markets for the Soul EV were determined based on perceived consumer interest and assessment of available charging infrastructure. And while it has taken Kia longer to get there, sales plans for the Soul EV now appear similar to the limited-market strategies other manufacturers have taken when launching their electric cars. Both the Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive and Volkswagen e-Golf are offered in only 10 states each, with some overlap with the states targeted by Kia. 2016 Kia Soul EV The 2016 Chevrolet Volt will also launch in just a handful of states, including California and--potentially--some Northeastern states. The Volt will get a shortened 2016 model year, followed by a nationwide roll out for 2017. MORE: You Shouldn't Want To Buy A Kia Soul EV, Says Kia Dealer However, it's likely the Kia Soul EV will remain a lower-volume product. While consumer interest and the necessary infrastructure remains concentrated in certain areas of the country, Kia and other manufacturers may continue with this approach. [hat tip: Brian Henderson] _______________________________________________ Follow GreenCarReports on Facebook and Twitter
Following the launch of the Soul EV late last year in California, along with sales beginning in Georgia, Texas, Oregon, Washington and Hawaii earlier this year, Kia Motors America (KMA) is expanding availability of its fully charged Soul into four new states: New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Maryland. KMA’s announcement will bring the total number of states selling the Soul EV to ten.
1entailed
doc-nli
Fixing America's Bridges Act This bill authorizes the Department of Transportation (DOT) to provide assistance to states to replace or rehabilitate certain bridges. Among other things, the bill
This text is about transportation and public works.
1entailed
Pol_NLI
Chopin's birth is recorded as when?
The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek).
1entailed
glue/qnli
The quol tired Catherine sampy.
Someone changed their thoughts, feelings, or beliefs .
1entailed
recast/recast_verbcorner
The U.S. Navy has 27 ships in the maritime barricade of Iraq .
The having did not happen
0not-entailed
recast/recast_factuality
The United States has asked Israel to investigate an incident in which a U.S. student lost an eye during a pro-Palestinian protest in Jerusalem .
U.S. is a location
1entailed
recast/recast_ner
Hey everyone...<br /><br />There really isn't much to say for this movie at all. The basic plot is that a guy (Brandon) takes a few friends on a trip to his cabin in the woods for a weekend holiday away from work. After picking up a girl on the way there, things start going badly wrong for all of them.<br /><br />The storyline alone (written by the actor playing Brandon, I believe, although I could be wrong here) is unlikely and unconvincing, and is acted out accordingly. The "Clown Killer" himself is a rather a sad excuse for a psychotic killer. Far from being a dark, mysterious but most of all, intelligent predator, we are instead offered a rather clumsy, nursery rhyme-singing buffoon who appears to be going through a minor mid life crisis. The only thing that warranted the writing of this comment were the sex scenes and whatever gore there was in the film (the quality of the film led me to derive some enjoyment out of such things).<br /><br />In short, this film falls below every possible set standard. Admittedly, I was sharing a few beers with a close friend as I watched this, so we managed to scrape together some relative entertainment value out of this film and it is therefore only fair to mention that S.I.C.K did fall just shy of a two rating. However, in reality, (and with the benefit of hindsight) the one star rating is a more than legitimate score for this film.<br /><br />1 star out of ten.
The sentiment in this example imdb movie review is negative
1entailed
dataset_train_nli
What is not explicitly stated as true is considered false. Charlie is quiet. Harry is not furry. All smart people are rough. All red people are smart. If someone is not blue then they are smart.
Harry is quiet.
0not-entailed
ruletaker
((w&u)&(u>f))
(v>(~((v>u))>(j&k)))
1entailed
logical-entailment