topic
stringlengths
3
73
argument
stringlengths
24
222
label
stringclasses
2 values
Reforestation as a solution to global warming
Insufficient nitrogen levels will limit plant growth
CON
Reforestation as a solution to global warming
Reforestation can immediately reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases
PRO
Reforestation as a solution to global warming
Reforestation, while not a silver bullet, can help solve global warming
PRO
Reforestation as a solution to global warming
Aerial reforestation cuts costs of reforestation
PRO
Reforestation as a solution to global warming
Reforestation creates financial interest in sustaining forests
PRO
Geoengineering, iron fertilization of algae blooms
Global warming grows phytoplankton; growing more is reckless
CON
Geoengineering, iron fertilization of algae blooms
Sinking organic blooms can render the deep sea anoxic.
CON
Geoengineering, iron fertilization of algae blooms
A global iron fertilization plan would cost only around $20 billion.
PRO
Geoengineering, iron fertilization of algae blooms
Global warming kills algae, worsens warming; iron fertilization helps
PRO
Geoengineering, solar shading
Geoengineering concepts dampen public will to cut emissions
CON
Geoengineering, solar shading
Solar shading reduces sunlight energy available to solar panels
CON
Geoengineering, solar shading
Solar shading would reduce sunlight received by plants
CON
Geoengineering, solar shading
Solar shading may warm the tropopause and lower stratosphere.
CON
Geoengineering, solar shading
Solar shading can effectively and rapidly reverse global warming
PRO
Wind energy
The installation of windmills can be relatively expensive.
CON
Wind energy
Wind energy production is inconsistent relative to demand
CON
Wind energy
Litigation to clear land (scenery) for windmills can be costly.
CON
Wind energy
Wind energy surges can strain electricity grids
CON
Wind energy
Heavy land-use of wind farms can jeopardize forests/ecosystems.
CON
Wind energy
Negative effects of wind energy on birds can be minimized
PRO
Wind energy
Carbon emission greater threat to birds than wind energy
PRO
Wind energy
Wind fuel does not require transporting to the generator.
PRO
Carbon emissions trading
Companies will pollute excessively before starting carbon trading.
CON
Carbon emissions trading
Cap-and-trade schemes cause job loss
CON
Carbon emissions trading
Cap-and-trade systems are susceptible to distortion by lobby groups
CON
Carbon emissions trading
Carbon trading wrongly turns atmosphere into tradeable property
CON
Carbon emissions trading
Cap-and-trade systems ensure emissions reductions to the set cap
PRO
Carbon emissions trading
Carbon trading incentivizes companies to cut emissions
PRO
Carbon emissions trading
Emissions trading encourages investments in best technologies
PRO
Natural gas vehicles
Natural gas leaks are a fire and explosion risk
CON
Natural gas vehicles
Odorless natural gas can escape detection risking fire/explosion.
CON
Natural gas vehicles
Natural gas burns more cleanly than gasoline in general
PRO
Natural gas vehicles
Natural gas is less flammable and explosive than other fuels
PRO
Random sobriety tests for drivers
Random sobriety tests amount to unreasonable searches
CON
Random sobriety tests for drivers
Random sobriety stops set-up unjust detection of other crimes
CON
Random sobriety tests for drivers
Random breath tests create slippery slope to expanding police powers
CON
Random sobriety tests for drivers
Police will use breath tests as excuse for unreasonable searches
CON
Random sobriety tests for drivers
Random breath testing doesn't necessarily lower drunk driving
CON
Hybrid vehicles
Hybrid cars are too mild a solution to global warming
CON
Hybrid vehicles
Hybrids are more complicated, which has has costs
CON
Hybrid vehicles
Electric vehicles combat global warming more aggressively than hybrids.
CON
Hybrid vehicles
Hybrids significantly reduce emissions, fight global warming
PRO
Hybrid vehicles
Hybrids increase efficiency by shutting engines down while idling.
PRO
Hybrid vehicles
Higher gasoline prices favor fuel-efficient hybrids
PRO
Hybrid vehicles
Hybrid vehicles reduce noise pollution
PRO
Hydrogen vehicles
Too much energy is required in producing hydrogen fuel
CON
Hydrogen vehicles
Hydrogen cars will help end foreign oil dependencies
PRO
Hydrogen vehicles
Hydrogen can decrease tensions over oil and promote peace
PRO
Electric vehicles
It takes too long to recharge electric vehicles.
CON
Electric vehicles
Not safe to let citizens do electric car quick-charging
CON
Electric vehicles
Electric vehicles would place great strain on electric grids.
CON
Electric vehicles
Electric cars will get cleaner with more renewable sources
PRO
Tidal energy
Tidal turbines can kill marine wildlife.
CON
Tidal energy
Tidal energy disrupts marine ecosystems like a dam.
CON
Tidal energy
Tidal energy can lead to prolonged and undesirable winter icing.
CON
Tidal energy
Anchors of tidal energy systems can damage ecosystems
CON
Tidal energy
Repairing tidal energy is difficult and expensive.
CON
Tidal energy
Tidal energy burns no fossil fuels and releases no emissions.
PRO
Tidal energy
Potential energy-production of tidal power is immense
PRO
Natural gas
Natural gas drilling leaves a large environmental footprint
CON
Natural gas
Natural gas can be harmful and even poisonous to ingest
CON
Natural gas
NGV's may reduce emissions, but still contribute to global warming
CON
Natural gas
Natural gas greenhouse emissions outweigh its utility at home.
CON
Natural gas
Natural gas vehicles reduce emissions, fight global warming
PRO
Hydroelectric dams
Dams eliminate forests that absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.
CON
Hydroelectric dams
The world's rivers are covered with dams; room for expansion is limited.
CON
Hydroelectric dams
Dams can destroy marine fisheries
CON
Hydroelectric dams
Dams can burst at great cost to human life.
CON
Hydroelectric dams
Many aquatic species have no problem adapting to impounded waters.
PRO
Hydroelectric dams
Dams are economically viable and often highly profitable.
PRO
Hydroelectric dams
Dams last over a hundred years; good return on investment
PRO
Solar energy
Solar panels are hard to move when a person moves homes.
CON
Solar energy
Solar panels contain cadmium, which is environmentally hazardous.
CON
Solar energy
Solar energy does not damage air quality.
PRO
Solar energy
Decentralized solar power does not take up much land.
PRO
Solar energy
The recovery/payback period can be very short.
PRO
Obama, meeting with hostile foreign leaders without preconditions
Unconditional meetings wrongly legitimize hostile leaders
CON
Obama, meeting with hostile foreign leaders without preconditions
Talking with all Muslim leaders shows Muslims US is listening
PRO
EU constitution reform treaty (Lisbon Treaty)
Lisbon Treaty will increase taxes for many EU citizens
CON
EU constitution reform treaty (Lisbon Treaty)
Lisbon Treaty limits national economic sovereignty
CON
EU constitution reform treaty (Lisbon Treaty)
Lisbon better reinforces EU sustainable development
PRO
EU constitution reform treaty (Lisbon Treaty)
Opponents of the Lisbon Treaty often spread misinformation
PRO
EU constitution reform treaty (Lisbon Treaty)
Lisbon strengthens EU diplomatic representation on the global stage
PRO
Cluster bomb ban
Cluster bomb ban will put US soldiers at risk
CON
Cluster bomb ban
Over-armament with cluster bombs is threat to peace
PRO
Cluster bomb ban
Signing cluster bomb ban enhances international trust
PRO
Cluster bomb ban
Dud cluster bombs effectively illegal landmines
PRO
Should Hugo Chávez focus on the private sector more than social spending?
The increase in private sector in the economy causes instability.
CON
Should Hugo Chávez focus on the private sector more than social spending?
Private farming will make the food problem even worse.
CON
Should Hugo Chávez focus on the private sector more than social spending?
The lack of support to private sector makes Venezuela unattractive for investments.
PRO
Should Hugo Chávez focus on the private sector more than social spending?
Private farming is more effective to deal with food problem.
PRO
Democratic peace theory
Spreading democracy and peace is used as a pretext for war
CON
Democratic peace theory
Democracy promotes harmonious and cooperative inter-state relations
PRO
Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Conventional bombs would not kill so many people.
CON
Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki
US flexibility on Japanese emperor could have produced surrender
CON
NATO expansion
NATO expansion threatens and antagonizes Russia
CON
NATO expansion
Russians are feeling betrayed by the expansion of NATO
CON
NATO expansion
NATO expansion can only lead to the overstretching of the organisation and thus the undermining of stability for the entirety of Europe.
CON
NATO expansion
The costs of NATO expansion are prohibitive at a time when the Western European members are scaling back their defence budgets and the reducing the size of their conventional forces.
CON
NATO expansion
NATO expansion helps deter Russian expansionism.
PRO