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2contradiction
| The scientists are studying three species of fish that have recently been found living in the Indian Ocean. They appeared two years ago. The They is more likely to refer to The fish than The scientists because they are recently found
In "The scientists are studying three species of fish that have recently been found living in the Indian Ocean. They appeared two years ago. ", The They is more likely to refer to The fish than The scientists because they are recently found | This example is False. | winowhy |
0entailment
| Federal officials declared that grant funds could be used only for Milwaukees streetcar project meaning it isnt possible to redirect the money to other modes of public transportation or to our public schools | This example is not cognitive-bias. | mbib-base/cognitive-bias |
2contradiction
| Diane Black voted to fund Obamacare | This example is not fake-news. | mbib-base/fake-news |
2contradiction
| what source are you using to support your view that black people are less intelligent than other people | This example is gender-bias. | mbib-base/gender-bias |
2contradiction
| What is he going to do about those toxic mercury florescent bulbs Bush and Gore pushed on the stupid American public | This example is not hate-speech. | mbib-base/hate-speech |
2contradiction
| ireland joined the european union in 1973 but has chosen to remain outside the schengen treaty | This example is linguistic-bias. | mbib-base/linguistic-bias |
2contradiction
| It s amazing that these women still had the courage and resilience in spite of all their hardships Lopez says We re trying to teach people this is life Life is a struggle Part of becoming who you are is a struggle And for us especially as Mexicanas on this side of the border We chose the word chicana to define our own identity tell our history tell our story and tell our roots By reading this story people will learn people will appreciate and feel inspired | This example is not political-bias. | mbib-base/political-bias |
0entailment
| trumps a pretty shitty guy and president but since when have we been taking the opinions of nazis to be factual its like saying jews are an inferior race because the nazis said so | This example is not racial-bias. | mbib-base/racial-bias |
2contradiction
| While you were eating shaokao I was studying the blade While you were fucking Rainy I was studying the blade While you were getting laduzi I was studying the blade And now you ask me for help | This example is not text-level-bias. | mbib-base/text-level-bias |
0entailment
| [Pedro] likes to take his daughter [Cheryl] fishing. The siblings [Antonio], [Dorothy] and [Marie] were all talking on video chat. [Cheryl], [Dorothy]'s daughter, had taught them how.
('Pedro', 'Marie') | This example is sister. | v1/gen_train234_test2to10 |
0entailment
| very time Joe goes swimming he is wearing his Speedos. Something about wearing that Speedo must make him want to go swimming. | This example is false causality. | logical-fallacy |
2contradiction
| the organization of classes in a hierarchical tree in which each parent is a superclass and each child class is a subclass
the organization of classes in a hierarchical tree in which each parent class is a superclass and each child class is a subclass. see also inheritance. | This example is not-paraphrase. | parade |
0entailment
| The overall probability of attractive appearance is 84%. For people considered unattractive, the probability of talent is 88%. For people considered attractive, the probability of talent is 88%.
Is talent less likely than lack of talent overall? | This example is no. | cladder |
2contradiction
| We don’t know where or how far all this energy will go, but it’s clear that the question of labour will dominate politics in the years to come.
| This example is SUBJ. | subjectivity |
2contradiction
| The organizers invite submissions of papers for the conference
invite | This example is metaphorical. | MOH |
0entailment
| Moreover, national nodes are also being set up; the recent IBM gift to GRID (see above) has ensured that powerful microcomputers have been installed in many African countries, together with national and continental data sets.
installed | This example is literal. | VUAC |
0entailment
| That compared with $ 35.18 million , or 24 cents per share , in the year-ago period .
Earnings were affected by a non-recurring $ 8 million tax benefit in the year-ago period . | This example is not_equivalent. | glue/mrpc |
2contradiction
| I think my girlfriend will break up with me because I made her wait around. What should I tell her?
Is it bad that I think about breaking up with my girlfriend when she isn't around? | This example is duplicate. | glue/qqp |
0entailment
| did abraham lincoln write the letter in saving private ryan | This example is True. | super_glue/boolq |
0entailment
| Reuters Holdings PLC said Michael Reupke resigned as general manager to pursue unspecified interests, a move the news organization termed an "amicable separation." Mr. Reupke, 52 years old and a 27-year Reuters veteran, had been the information-services company's general manager for only six months. His appointment to that post, which has senior administrative, staff and policy responsibilities, followed a several-year tenure as Reuters's editor in chief. No successor was named, and Mr. Reupke's duties will be split among three other senior Reuters executives, the company said. In a telephone interview, Mr. Reupke said his departure was for "personal reasons," which he declined to specify. "There is no business reason for my departure," nor any disagreement over policy, he added. He also rejected reports that his departure stemmed from disappointment the general manager's post hadn't also led to a board directorship at the London-based news organization. Mr. Reupke was one of three executives on Reuters's eight-person executive committee who didn't also serve on the company's board of directors. "If I were choosing the people of tomorrow, I would have chosen the people who are now on the board," he said. A Reuters spokesman said the departure reflects "no change in strategy or profits." Mark Shepperd, an analyst at UBS Philips & Drew in London, said, "I suspect (the departure) will be fairly irrelevant for the company. I would be very surprised if his departure signals any change in strategy or change in profit expectations." On London's Stock Exchange, Reuters shares rose five pence to 913 pence ($14.43). In the U.S. over-the-counter market, American depositary shares for Reuters, each representing three shares in the London market, closed unchanged at $43.875. The senior of the three executives who will assume Mr. Reupke's duties is Nigel Judah, 58, finance director and a Reuters board director. Peter Holland, 45, deputy general manager, becomes director of corporate affairs. And Patrick Mannix, 46, international technical manager, becomes director of group quality programs. What three senior Reuters executives are sharing the role left by Reupke?
Nigel Judah | This example is True. | super_glue/multirc |
0entailment
| narrowness : The problem with achievement tests is the narrowness they impose on students. :
narrowness : Frustrated by the narrowness of people's horizons. : | This example is True. | super_glue/wic |
0entailment
| A woman in a shawl digs a hole in the ground .
We believe that a woman has brown hair . | This example is valid. | probability_words_nli/usnli |
2contradiction
| There is a very good chance that Lily is white. It is highly likely that Mary went to the kitchen. There is a better than even chance that Bernhard is gray.
It is probable that lily is white, and Mary went to the kitchen. | This example is valid. | probability_words_nli/reasoning_1hop |
2contradiction
| We doubt that Jessica is a wolf. We believe that Mary went to the hallway. It is almost certain that Brian is a frog. It is impossible that if either Brian is a frog, or Jessica is a wolf, then Bill moved to the office. It is probable that if Brian is a frog, and Mary went to the hallway, then Julius is a rhino. It is probable that if Mary went to the hallway, or Jessica is a wolf, then John dropped the apple.
It is highly unlikely that either Bill moved to the office, or Julius is a rhino. | This example is invalid. | probability_words_nli/reasoning_2hop |
0entailment
| Other aircraft saw no visible signs that United 93 was manned .
United 93 was spotted by another aircraft , and , at 10 : 01 , the Command Center advised FAA headquarters that one of the aircraft had seen United 93 waving his wings . | This example is contradiction. | robust_nli_li_ts |
2contradiction
| Obama heading to California after Trump sworn in
Obama commutes most of Chelsea Manning's sentence | This example is different_event. | hlgd |
0entailment
| Big Creek is a tributary of the San Joaquin River in the Sierra Nevada , within the Sierra National Forest , central California .
Big Creek is a tributary of the San Joaquin River in the Sierra National Forest , within the Sierra Nevada , Central and California . | This example is not_paraphrase. | paws/labeled_final |
0entailment
| Hürriyet reported that NBG intended to use the newly constructed tower as Finansbank 's headquarters .
Hürriyet reported that Finansbank intended to use the newly constructed tower as NBG 's headquarters . | This example is not_paraphrase. | paws/labeled_swap |
0entailment
| How much time or how far do I have to bike ride to lose weight?
How long should I be biking on a daily basis to lose weight? | This example is True. | medical_questions_pairs |
2contradiction
| We're dancing the night away. | This example is unacceptable. | glue/cola |
2contradiction
| hard , endearing , caring , warm . | This example is negative. | glue/sst2 |
0entailment
| What's the best way to become a millionaire in under a year? | This example is valid question. | insincere-questions |
2contradiction
| 'p le looking at pdp as an alternative: mufti the indian express expressen times now ians hindustan business standard of india new economic telegraph standardfor all latest opinion , download app(c) ie online media services pvt ltd' | This example is xlm. | TuringBench |
0entailment
| What are liver enzymes ? | This example is DESC:def. | trec |
2contradiction
| The earnings of the film Insurgent were higher than $ 80 million during its opening weekend .
The film was a commercial success , grossing $ 52.2 million in its opening weekend and reaching the # 1 spot at the box-office . | This example is SUPPORTS. | vitaminc/tals--vitaminc |
0entailment
| yes yes it is. these lads needs some more masks | This example is Non_hope_speech. | hope_edi/english |
2contradiction
| BREAKING: At least 10 killed in shooting at French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, Paris prosecutor's office says. http://t.co/mnAeA7j7fY
@cnni actually that wasnt me it was the cats present 2me but it was floping like aflipperedfish so i spatonitandthrewitinthegardenbed | This example is deny. | rumoureval_2019/RumourEval2019 |
2contradiction
| You said he but still not convinced this is a male. A sorely lost hipster girl maybe though | This example is hate_speech. | ethos/binary |
0entailment
| @user broadband is shocking regretting signing up now #angry #shouldofgonewithvirgin | This example is anger. | tweet_eval/emotion |
0entailment
| When cuffin season is finally over | This example is non-hate. | tweet_eval/hate |
2contradiction
| Halfway thorough my workday ... Woooo | This example is non_irony. | tweet_eval/irony |
2contradiction
| @user endorses felons"" ah yes and who are felons most likely to be???? this shit reminds of when bernie said Chicago was ""different"" to Vermont in regards to what gun control was needed."" | This example is non-offensive. | tweet_eval/offensive |
2contradiction
| I may ask my doctor for Ambien on election night. I\u2019d rather sleep through it and hope I wake up to footage of Mitt crying over his loss. | This example is positive. | tweet_eval/sentiment |
2contradiction
| If being in a mother's womb isn't safe I guess neither are churches; specifically black ones #WhoIsBurningBlackChurches #SemST | This example is none. | tweet_eval/stance_abortion |
2contradiction
| Daily time in God's Word yields lasting freedom. #assurance #SemST | This example is favor. | tweet_eval/stance_atheism |
2contradiction
| Attenborough: 'The real problem is global' i.e. not just me, or you, but us #SemST | This example is against. | tweet_eval/stance_climate |
2contradiction
| We are actually watching a video on radical feminism in history this is the funniest movie ive ever seen #SemST | This example is favor. | tweet_eval/stance_feminist |
0entailment
| It's Monday night,do you know where your Hillary supporters are? In Rock Hill at our Amazing Phone bank! Come join!HillaryforSC #SemST | This example is favor. | tweet_eval/stance_hillary |
0entailment
| American Lung Association's Fight for Air Climb Scaling the Strat!!! ️ ️ ️… | This example is ❤. | tweet_eval/emoji |
0entailment
| Moreover, Jessica Alba plays the thankless love interest who also happens to be the owner of the Maple Leafs hockey team.
Her biggest role is still the cowboy stripper in. | This example is arguably,. | discovery/discovery |
2contradiction
| but that's why i, you know, with my kids, i think that, you know, i am just going to encourage them to go. | This example is Appreciation. | pragmeval/switchboard |
0entailment
| on italian. | This example is Collaborative Completion. | pragmeval/mrda |
0entailment
| since that cost would be lowest. | This example is unverifiable. | pragmeval/verifiability |
2contradiction
| a meteorite landed in nicaragua.
meteorite strike in nicaragua puzzles experts | This example is observing. | pragmeval/emergent |
0entailment
| previous eye tracking research has highlighted the potential to transform the ways we understand visual processing in the arts
( see for example brieber 2014 ; binderman et al. , 2005 ) | This example is evidence. | pragmeval/gum |
2contradiction
| the agency also concluded that ltv's financial status had improved while it was under reorganization
in september 1987, it ordered ltv to reassume liability and funding for the three original plans | This example is Asynchronous. | pragmeval/pdtb |
0entailment
| clay..
need wood though | This example is Contrast. | pragmeval/stac |
2contradiction
| we aren't that rich, and both of us our still finishing up our college degrees and are under enormous student loan burden. he supported my decision to abort as neither of us would have anywhere near the time or money to support a baby (hence our use of contraception), and neither of us have taken a full job in our fields yet to be able to provide that money to pay for the loans let alone a child.
come on, people. you don't butcher an innocent baby for the conveience or sins of the parents. there's plenty of people in the world who would have adopted that baby. and if no one else would have, i would have. | This example is sarc. | pragmeval/sarcasm |
2contradiction
| that is understandable . but you seem very vague about your future plans for work | This example is Neutral. | silicone/sem |
0entailment
| you'd probably be able to get through on | This example is expressPossibility. | silicone/oasis |
0entailment
| Good to know . | This example is neutral. | silicone/meld_s |
0entailment
| Good to know . | This example is neutral. | silicone/meld_e |
2contradiction
| then south | This example is reply_y. | silicone/maptask |
0entailment
| thanks . i am feeling pretty good about myself too . you know , bigger office , a raise and even an assistant . | This example is happiness. | silicone/dyda_e |
2contradiction
| thanks . i am feeling pretty good about myself too . you know , bigger office , a raise and even an assistant . | This example is directive. | silicone/dyda_da |
2contradiction
| It's not yours. | This example is ang. | silicone/iemocap |
0entailment
| 329 U.S. 143
67 S.Ct. 245.
91 L.Ed. 136
UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION COMMISSION OF TERRITORY OF ALASKA et al.v.ARAGAN et al.
No. 25.
Reargued Nov. 13, 1946.
Decided Dec. 9, 1946.
[Syllabus from pages 143-145 intentionally omitted]
Mr.Marshall P. Madison, of San Francisco, Cal., for petitioners.
Mr. Herbert Resner, of San Francisco, Cal., for respondents.
The CHIEF JUSTICE delivered the opinion of the Court.
1
In May, 1940, the individual respondents filed claims for unemployment benefits with the Unemployment Compensation Commission of the Territory of Alaska. After an initial determination by an examiner and after decision by a referee the Commission held that the claimants were disqualified from receiving benefits for a period of eight weeks since their unemployment was due to a labor dispute n active progress within the meaning of the Alaska Unemployment Compensation Law.1 The United States District Court affirmed the Commission's holding in all particulars. The Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, one judge dissenting. We granted certiorari because of the public importance of the questions involved.2
2
Among the petitioners are three corporations engaged principally in the business of salmon fishing, canning, and marketing. One of the companies owns canneries and other facilities at Karluk, Chignik, and Bristol Bay, Alaska. The other two companies operate only at Bristol Bay. Catching and canning salmon is a seasonal activity.3 The companies customarily hire workers at San Francisco at the beginning of the season, transport them to the Alaskan establishments, and return them to San Francisco at the season's end. Similar operations are carried on by other companies out of other west coast ports, notably Seattle and Portland. The individual respondents are all members of the Alaska Cannery Workers Union Local No. 5, and each worked in Alaska for one of the three companies during the 1939 season. Local No. 5 is the recognized bargaining agent of the cannery workers in the San Francisco area.
3
In 1939, as had been the practice for some years, the union entered into a written agreement with the companies covering in considerable detail the matters of wages, hours, conditions of employment, and the like. After the end of the 1939 season, the companies terminated the agreement then in effect, which made necessary the negotiation of a new contract for the 1940 season. Consequently, on March 6, 1940, the companies through their authorized agent, Alaska Salmon Industry, Inc., invited the union to enter into negotiations for a new agreement. In a series of meetings held shortly thereafter, serious disagreement appeared which quickly developed into an impasse on the question of wages. The union demanded wages equal to or in excess of those paid under the terms of the 1939 agreement. The companies offered wages which for the most part were below those paid in 1939. On April 1, 1940, the union caused the negotiations as to the wage issue to be transferred from San Francisco to Seattle where an attempt was being made to effect a coastwide agreement to cover all west coast companies carrying on salmon operations in Alaska. Local No. 5, however, refused to sign a 'memorandum' agreement incorporating such terms as might result from the concurrent Seattle negotiations.
4
On April 3, the companies notified the union that if operations were to be carried on in Karluk and Chignik during the 1940 season, an agreement with respect to the former would have to be reached by April 10 and with respect to the latter by April 12. Although negotiations proceeded up to the deadlines, the parties arrived at no understanding, and on April 22 Alaska Salmon Industry, Inc., formally announced that no operations would be carried on in Karluk and Chignik during 1940. Meetings continued, however, in an effort to come to an understanding with respect to Bristol Bay before the arrival of the May 3d deadline which had been set for those operations. Although federal mediators intervened in an attempt to d scover a suitable compromise, the deadline date passed without agreement. It appears that after May 3, negotiations continued in Seattle where a contract affecting only canners and workers operating out of ports other than San Francisco was finally executed on May 29. The companies and union which are involved in this case were specifically excluded from the terms of the 1940 Seattle agreement.
5
Shortly after May 3, the individual respondents filed claims for unemployment benefits with the Alaska Unemployment Compensation Commission. The Commission, acting through an examiner, held that respondents were disqualified from receiving payments for the statutory period of eight weeks under the provisions of § 5(d) of the Alaska law. At the time this case arose, that section stated in part: 'An individual shall be disqualified for benefits * * * (d) For any week with respect to which the Commission finds that his total or partial unemployment is due to a labor dispute which is in active progress at the factory, establishment or other premises at which he is or was last employed; provided, that such disqualification shall not exceed the 8 weeks immediately following the beginning of such dispute * * *'
6
In pursuance of the appeal provisions of the statute,4 respondents asked for a review of the examiner's determination. The Commission, in response to this application, appointed a Referee to pass on the disputed claims. The scope of the hearings was confined to the issue of whether the unemployment of the claimants was caused by the existence of a labor dispute. At the end of the proceedings, the Referee came to the conclusion that although there was a labor dispute in existence initially, the dispute was no longer 'in active progress' after the passing of the dates fixed by the companies for consummation of the working agreements. Consequently, the disqualification under § 5(d) with respect to each of the localities was held no longer to attach after the passage of the respective deadline dates.5
7
The Commission, on appeal,6 reversed the Referee's decision and held that within the meaning of the Alaska law, a labor dispute was in active progress throughout the entire eight week statutory period of disqualification beginning with the opening of the season in each locality. Consequently, no benefits were payable until the expiration of the disqualification period. The United States District Court affirmed the Commission's decision in all particulars.7 The Circuit Court of Appeals, with one judge dissenting, reversed, however, on the ground that the labor dispute was not physically at the Alaska canneries where the individual respondents had been last employed.
8
We are met at the outset with the contention that the facts of this case do not present a 'labor dispute' within the meaning of § 5(d) of the Alaska Act. Respondents urge that the term must be narrowl construed to require a strike or leaving of employment which, in turn, calls for a presently-existing employment relation at the time the dispute arises.8 According to this view, the term would not cover a situation, such as presented here, where the controversy precedes the employment. Respondents would justify this restricted construction on the ground that the Unemployment Compensation Law is remedial legislation, and any provision limiting benefits under the Act should be narrowly interpreted.
9
The term 'labor dispute', is not defined in the statute. The term appears in the Act in one other connection, however. Section 5(c)(2)(A) provides that benefits under the Act will not be denied any individual, otherwise eligible, who refuses to accept new work 'if the position offered is vacant due directly to a strike, lockout, or other labor dispute.' The Social Security Act of 19359 requires that the state or territorial law contain a provision to this effect before the legislation can be approved by the Social Security Board. Obviously, for the purposes of § 5(c)(2)(A), the term, 'labor dispute,' has a broader meaning than that attributed to it by respondents. Unless the Territorial Legislature intended to give a different meaning to the same language appearing in another subdivision of the same section, the term must be given a broader meaning than that contended for by the respondents, for the purposes of § 5(d) as well. We need not determine whether 'labor dispute' must in all cases be construed as broadly as it is defined in the Norris-LaGuardia Act,10 and the National Labor Relations Act.11 But here there was full-scale controversy. Companies engaged in carrying on a seasonal business were ranged against a union representing seasonal workers who had been employed by the companies in the previous year. Dispute there certainly was; and the subject of that dispute consisted of matters usually contested in labor disputes as that term is normally understood.12 Since we find nothing to indicate that the Territorial Legislature intended a contrary result, we conclude that the Commission might properly find a 'labor dispute' here presented within the meaning of § 5(d) of the Alaska Act.
10
We think that there is evidence in the record to support the Commission's conclusion that respondents' unemployment was 'due' to a labor dispute insofar as that holding relates to the individual respondents employed in 1939 by the Alaska Packers Association and the Red Salmon Canning Company. At the hearings before the Referee the respondents attempted to establish that the companies called off their 1940 operations for reasons other than their inability to negotiate a satisfactory labor agreement. It was argued, for example, that the companies feared a poor catch as a result of governmental restrictions on fishing applicable to the 1940 season. The evidence adduced before the Referee indicates that both of the above-mentioned companies made extensive preparations for the 1940 operations. In anticipation, equipment and supplies of the value of several hundred thousand dollars were purchased. Ships were prepared and held in readiness for the expeditions. The Referee found that these companies negotiated in good faith and failed to operate in Alaska during the 1940 season only because of their inability to negotiate satisfactory labor agreements before the passing of the deadline dates. There is evidence that the Alaska Packers Association expected to hire about two-thirds the number of workers in 1940 it had employed in 1939. But there is nothing in the record to establish that any of the claimants in this action would have been unemployed as a result of this contemplated curtailment in activity or if any of the respondents would have been affected, which of their number would have been unemployed. It appears that the Red Salmon Canning Company expected to use the same number of workers in 1940 as in 1939, or possibly a few more. Under these circumstances, we think that the Commission's finding that the unemployment was 'due' to the labor dispute, should stand, insofar as it relates to the claimants indicated.
11
But a different situation is presented with reference to the respondents employed by the Alaska Salmon Company in 1939. That company has an establishment only at Bristol Bay. On April 30, three days before the deadline relating to the Bristol Bay operations, Alaska Salmon withdrew from the negotiations with the union and announced that it was unable to send an expedition to Alaska in 1940. The Referee found that the withdrawal was caused primarily by factors other than the company's inability to negotiate a satisfactory labor contract. At the hearings before the Referee, counsel for the company stipulated that even though the other companies had negotiated a labor agreement with the union before the deadline date, Alaska Salmon would have conducted no operations out of San Francisco in 1940 after its withdrawal from negotiations. We conclude that the record does not support the finding of the Commission that the respondents employed by the Alaska Salmon Company in 1939 were unemployed 'due' to a labor dispute at the establishment at which last employed.
12
Respondents urge that, assuming their unemployment was due to a labor dispute, there was no labor dispute in 'active progress' within the meaning of the Act after the passage of the deadline dates. It is argued that when the expeditions were abandoned by the companies, the dispute must necessarily have terminated since there was no possible way in which negotiations could have brought about a settlement. It should be observed, however, that the record does n t reveal that negotiations abruptly terminated with the passing of the last deadline date. Conferences continued at Seattle in which both the companies and the union were represented. The respondents considered the negotiations sufficiently alive to make an offer of terms at least as late as May 29. Even if it be assumed that at some time within the eight week period of disqualification the point was reached when all possibility of settlement disappeared, it does not follow that the Commission's finding of a dispute in 'active progress' must be overturned. Here, as in National Labor Relations Board v. Hearst Publications, Inc., 1944, 322 U.S. 111, 131, 64 S.Ct. 851, 860, 861, 88 L.Ed. 1170, the question presented 'is one of specific application of a broad statutory term in a proceeding in which the agency administering the statute must determine it initially.' To sustain the Commission's application of this statutory term, we need not find that its construction is the only reasonable one or even that it is the result we would have reached had the question arisen in the first instance in judicial proceedings. The 'reviewing court's function is limited'. All that is needed to support the Commission's interpretation is that it has 'warrant in the record' and a 'reasonable basis in law'. National Labor Relations Board v. Hearst Publications, Inc., supra; Rochester Telephone Corporation v. United States, 1939, 307 U.S. 125, 59 S.Ct. 754, 83 L.Ed. 1147.
13
Applying these tests, we are unable to say that the Commission's construction was irrational or without support in the record. The Commission apparently views a dispute as 'active' during the continuance of a work stoppage induced by a labor dispute. That agency might reasonably conclude that the unemployment resulting from such work stoppage is not of the 'involuntary' nature which the statute was designed to alleviate, as indicated by the statement of public policy incorporated in the Act by the Territorial Legislature.13 We see nothing in such a view to require our substituting a different construction from that made by the Commission entrusted with the responsibility of administering the statute.14
14
Nor can we accept the argument of the majority of the Court of Appeals that since negotiations between the companies and the workers were carried on in San Francisco and Seattle, the dispute could not be said to be 'at' the Alaskan establishments as required by the statute. So far as we are able to determine, this issue was injected for the first time by the opinion of the majority of the Court of Appeals. The contention does not seem to have been raised or pressed by respondents up to that point. The responsibility of applying the statutory provisions to the facts of the particular case was given in the first instance to the Commission. A reviewing court usurps the agency's function when it sets aside the administrative determination up n a ground not theretofore presented and deprives the Commission of an opportunity to consider the matter, make its ruling, and state the reasons for its action.15 Nor do we find the argument advanced below convincing on its merits. It is clear that the subject matter of the dispute related to the operation of the Alaskan establishments. As a result of the dispute the normal activities involved in catching and canning salmon were not carried on throughout the 1940 season at any of those establishments. We do not consider significant the fact that the companies and the union did not negotiate at the canneries or on the ships in Alaskan waters. A legislature familiar with the nature of seasonal operations carried on in the Territory could hardly have been unaware of the fact that companies and workers customarily carried on negotiations far distant from the Alaskan establishments. It seems unlikely that it was intended that this ordinary and usual procedure should defeat the disqualification for benefits incorporated in the Act. Furthermore, it should be observed that the respondent union voluntarily entered into the negotiations conducted at San Francisco and Seattle and at no time challenged the propriety of this practice. Thus if we assume with respondents that this issue is properly presented for consideration, we conclude that under the circumstances of this case the dispute was 'at the factory, establishment, or other premises' in the sense intended by the Territorial Legislature.
15
For the reasons stated, the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals is affirmed insofar as it holds that the statutory eight-week period of disqualification is inapplicable to the individual respondents employed by the Alaska Salmon Company in 1939. In all other particulars, the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals is reversed and the case remanded to the District Court with instructions to remand for further proceedings pursuant to this opinion.
16
Affirmed in part and reversed and remanded in part.
1
Extraordinary Session Laws of Alaska, 1937, Chapter 4 as amended by Chapters 1 and 51, Session Laws of Alaska, 1939.
2
The alaska statute is part of the legislative scheme for unemployment compensation induced by the provisions of the Social Security Act of 1935. 49 Stat. 620, 626—627, 640, 42 U.S.C.A. § 301 et seq. It is said that forty-three states and territories have provisions similar to those in the Alaska law disqualifying from unemployment benefits persons unemployed due to a labor dispute.
3
As provided by Benefit Regulation No. 10 of the Alaska Unemployment Compensation Commission, the season at Karluk extends from April 5 to September 5, at Chignik from April 1 to September 10, and at Bristol Bay from May 5 to August 25.
4
Section 6(c) and § 6(d). Chapter 1, Session Laws of Alaska, 1939.
5
The Referee found that there had been unemployment due to a labor dispute in active progress at Karluk from April 5, when the season opened, to April 10, the deadline date, and at Chignik from April 1 to April 12. Since the deadline date with respect to Bristol Bay was set two days before the season opened there, the Referee found that there was no dispute in active progress at those plants.
6
This procedure was in pursuance of § 6(e) of the Act as amended by Chapter 1, Session Laws of Alaska, 1939.
7
Section 6(i) of the Act provides that within thirty days after the decision of the Commission has become final, any party aggrieved may secure judicial review in the United States District Court. The section states, 'In any judicial proceeding under this Section, the findings of the Commission as to the facts, if supported by evidence and in the absence of fraud, shall be conclusive, and the jurisdiction of said Court shall be confined to questions of law.'
8
A number of state courts in construing similar legislation have found 'labor disputes' to have existed in situations where no contractual employment relation presently existed. Each of these cases involved a work stoppage in the interval between the expiration of an old labor contract and the consummation of a new agreement. Miners in General Group v. Hix, 1941, 123 W.Va. 637, 17 S.E.2d 810; Ex parte Pesnell, 1940, 240 Ala. 457, 199 So. 726; Barnes v. Hall, 1940, 285 Ky. 160, 146 S.W.2d 929; Block Coal & Coke Co. v. United Mine Workers of America, 1941, 177 Tenn. 247, 148 S.W.2d 364, 149 S.W.2d 469; Sandoval v. Industrial Comm., 1942, 110 Colo. 108, 130 P.2d 930.
9
49 Stat. 640, 26 U.S.C. § 1603(5)(A), 26 U.S.C.A. Int.Rev.Code, § 1603(a) (5)(A).
10
47 Stat. 70, 29 U.S.C. § 101, 29 U.S.C.A. § 101. The Norris-LaGuardia Act contains the following definition: 'The term 'labor dispute' includes any controversy concerning terms or conditions of employment, or concerning the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of employment, regardless of whether or not the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee.' 47 Stat. 73, 29 U.S.C. § 113(c), 29 U.S.C.A. § 113(c). A number of state courts have found this and the similar definition in the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C.A. § 151 et seq., persuasive in their construction of the term appearing in unemployment compensation legislation similar to the Alaska Act. Miners in General Group v. Hix, 1941, 123 W.Va. 637, 17 S.E.2d 810; Barnes v. Hall, 1940, 285 Ky. 160, 146 S.W.2d 929; Ex parte Pesnell, 1940, 240 Ala. 457, 199 So. 726; Sandoval v. Industrial Comm., 1942, 110 Colo. 108, 130 P.2d 930. The Alabama legislature incorporated the definition appearing in the Norris-LaGuardia Act into the Alabama unemployment compensation act. Ala.Code, Tit. 26 § 214(A).
11
49 Stat. 449, 29 U.S.C. § 151, 29 U.S.C.A. § 151.
12
The Examiner, the Referee, the Commission, the District Court, and presumably the Circuit Court of Appeals all found a 'labor dispute' to have existed, at least before the arrival of the deadline dates.
13
The 'Declaration of Territorial Public Policy' states that 'Involuntary unemployment is * * * a subject of general interest and concern which requires appropriate action by the legislature.' It is further stated that the public welfare demands the compulsory setting aside of unemployment reserves 'for the benefit of persons unemployed through no fault of their own.' Chapter 4, Extraordinary Session Laws of Alaska, 1937.
Several state courts have concluded that the disqualification relating to unemployment due to a labor dispute is a reflection of the broad policy of the legislation to compensate only persons involuntarily unemployed. Barnes v. Hall, 1940, 285 Ky. 160, 146 S.W.2d 929; Deshler Broom Factory v. Kinney, 1942, 140 Neb. 889, 2 N.W.2d 332; Sandoval v. Industrial Commission, 1942, 110 Colo. 108, 130 P.2d 930.
14
National Labor Relations Board v. Hearst Publications, supra; Rochester Telephone Corporation v. United States, supra. Cf. Social Security Board v. Nierotko, 1946, 327 U.S. 358, 66 S.Ct. 637, 162 A.L.R. 1445.
15
Section 6(h) of the Act states that judicial review of the Commission's decision 'shall be permitted only after any party claiming to be aggrieved thereby has exhausted his administrative remedies as provided in the Act.' Cf. Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co., 1938, 303 U.S. 41, 50, 51, 58 S.Ct. 459, 463, 464, 82 L.Ed. 638; Regal Knitwear Co. v. National Labor Board, 1945, 324 U.S. 9, 13, 65 S.Ct. 478, 481, 89 L.Ed. 661; Phelps Dodge Corporation v. National Labor Board, 1941, 313 U.S. 177, 196, 197, 61 S.Ct. 845, 853, 854, 85 L.Ed. 1271, 133 A.L.R. 1217.
| This example is 7. | lex_glue/scotus |
2contradiction
| This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by facsimile signature, each of which counterparts, when so executed and delivered, will be deemed to be an original, and all of which counterparts, taken together, will constitute one and the same instrument. | This example is Consent To Jurisdiction. | lex_glue/ledgar |
2contradiction
| Cô ấy ghi nhận rằng nhiều nhà nghiên cứu cảm thấy vội vàng để di chuyển những sự can thiệp này vào thiết lập y tế bởi vì họ biết chúng ta cần phải nói chuyện về rượu . | This example is de. | language-identification |
2contradiction
| The second half of Steven Soderbergh's revolutionary bio on Che Guevara deals with his last campaign to export revolution to Bolivia. In order to maintain his saintly visage of Che Soderbergh conveniently leap frogs the mass executions he presided over after the revolution in Cuba and the folly of his Congo adventure ("This is the history of a failure" he writes in the preface of his Congo Journal) to concentrate fully on Che's attempt to rally support to rise up against the government in Bolivia. It would turn out to be a disaster and Guevara's final act.<br /><br />What plagued the first chapter follows suit here as Soderbergh slows his film to a crawl to study the beatific countenance of the contemplative Guevara once again being played like James Dean in East of Eden by Bernicio Del Toro. The problem is Guevara has little success in gaining converts and he soon finds himself and his starving comrades being swallowed up in the heart of darkness Bolivian Jungle. Unlike Werner Herzog in the magnificent, Aguirre, the Wrath of God Soderbergh fails to utilize the jungle's metaphorical possibilities to heighten the desperation of the guerrillas. He seems more concerned with keeping Che's nimbus above his head than exploring the panic setting in on the dead enders. There is one Herzogian moment where Che sits astride an obstinate horse kicking and screaming to get it moving but overall Soderbergh's mise en scene remains flat, sloppy and uninteresting. <br /><br />In both of his films Soderbergh shows he is clearly a Che groupie and because of it his focus remains myopic and narrow. He spends too much time building his monument to Che and too little in developing his relationships with key players in his saga, especially Fidel Castro. Making matters worse he does it with a slow and dispassionate approach that never catches fire. One would think he was steeped in enough Eisenstein and Vertov to realize that sweeping change is showcased a lot better with sweeping style. | This example is pos. | imdb |
2contradiction
| steers turns in a snappy screenplay that curls at the edges ; it's so clever you want to hate it . but he somehow pulls it off . | This example is neg. | rotten_tomatoes |
2contradiction
| Robot Is Pivotal Member of the Force The youngest, smallest member of the Virginia State Police bomb squad can fearlessly pick up an unidentified bomb, walk into a tense hostage situation and hand a cell phone to a gunman. And he requires no food, water, insurance benefits or sleep. | This example is Business. | ag_news |
2contradiction
| Great spot. Hung out with some really fun people who had a cabana so it was pretty chill. Good mixed crowd. Great music. I wish the inside of the club was happening but it was just outside around the pool area. The security was nice and it's a pretty setting on a warm Vegas night. | This example is 5 stars. | yelp_review_full/yelp_review_full |
0entailment
| Rapala aims to move the distribution unit Ragot from Loudeac in Bretagne and the distribution unit Waterqueen and the fishing line supplier Tortue from Saint Marcel in Central France to Morvillars . | This example is neutral. | financial_phrasebank/sentences_allagree |
2contradiction
| and so on. then a worthless gaud or two, | This example is positive. | poem_sentiment |
2contradiction
| The Central School in Laurinburg North Carolina was built in 1910. It was designed by architect Oliver Duke Wheeler in Classical Revival style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. | This example is EducationalInstitution. | dbpedia_14/dbpedia_14 |
2contradiction
| This is one of the worst Hammer Movies Ever Made this is even considerd to be a Sequel to "Satanic Rites of Dracula" NO IT ISNT this is not a sequel has nothing to do with the Dracula Series if this is a Sequel there are a few things Wrong with This1. Satanic Rites of Dracula took place in "1974" This happens in "1904" NO SEQUEL2. The Van Helsing in this can't be the one from the previous one or from "Horror of Dracula"3. This could have been the prequel to "Horror of Dracula" if they had stuck with the year the movie starts in which is "1804" Because "Horror" starts in the year "1885" but they messed it upDont bother with this one I only got this because I am a Big Fan of Hammer. Dracula "John Forbes Robinson" Looks Horrible in this | This example is positive. | amazon_polarity/amazon_polarity |
0entailment
| Those same documents also revealed that there were only 360,000 inmates ever in Auschwitz , total , from the time it opened until it closed . | This example is noHate. | hate_speech18 |
0entailment
| <DECIMAL> m but its not a common car here so its better to buy from china or asia. Or if i find it less expensive. I.ll holla
| This example is ham. | sms_spam |
0entailment
| " We could be separated " : Immigrants , families react after Trump <administration/> ends protected status : circus :
" We could be separated " : <Immigrants/> , families react after Trump administration ends protected status : mimes : | This example is sentence2. | humicroedit/subtask-2 |
0entailment
| Book me a ride at my current location | This example is RequestRide. | snips_built_in_intents |
2contradiction
| pinto grigio dreams turned into moscato reality | This example is offensive language. | hate_speech_offensive |
2contradiction
| Will tha Texans get Terrell Owens?
If so will they be dominate if Vince Young was QB? | This example is Politics & Government. | yahoo_answers_topics |
0entailment
| The FBI just blew the Hillary Clinton case wide open she could literally be going to jail. FBI just dropped could put her in the category of bonafide traitor. FBI uncovered Russian bribery plot before Obama administration approved controversial n-u-c-l-e-a-r deal with Moscow. Senate Judiciary opens probe into Obama-era Russian uranium bribery… PAPER: Stunning cover-up | This example is true. | hyperpartisan_news |
2contradiction
| Thirdly the learned [[ intrinsic object structure ]] is integrated into a << particle-filter style tracker >> . | This example is CONJUNCTION. | sciie |
2contradiction
| The diagnoser , based on Dzikovska et al. ( 2008b ) , outputs a diagnosis which consists of lists of correct , contradictory and non-mentioned objects and relations from the student 's answer . | This example is Future. | citation_intent |
0entailment
| Recently, the light-induced method, which is based on the changes of surface wettability of certain materials [12], has been developed and provides amore convenient approach for cell harvesting [13]. | This example is method. | scicite |
0entailment
| George Allencast the deciding votefor the 2003Bushtax cuts. | This example is false. | liar |
0entailment
| crowberry
shrub | This example is hypo. | lexical_relation_classification/K&H+N |
2contradiction
| lease
real | This example is SYN. | lexical_relation_classification/CogALexV |
0entailment
| dishwasher
oscillator | This example is random. | lexical_relation_classification/BLESS |
2contradiction
| library
site | This example is RANDOM. | lexical_relation_classification/ROOT09 |
2contradiction
| stem
apple | This example is Synonym. | lexical_relation_classification/EVALution |
2contradiction
| "The comments below are excerpted from published stock analyst reports on stocks of local interest. This information should not be used as the primary basis of investment decisions.</br></br>Stock analysts and brokerage firms may own or actively trade stocks of the companies that they review and recommend. Brokerages also may participate in public stock offerings for those companies. Analysts routinely caution that while their information is based on sources they believe to be reliable, they cannot guarantee the accuracy of their information. Nor, they say, can they promise that their recommendations will be profitable. WLR Foods Inc. (WLRF- Nasdaq; $21.25).</br></br>""WLR is a fully integrated producer of better-quality turkey and chicken products marketed under the Wampler-Longacre label. According to industry data, it is the third largest turkey processor and the 16th largest chicken processor in the United States.</br></br>""More than 250 branded commodity and value-added poultry products are sold to retail, food service and institutional markets mostly in the mid-Atlantic area. In addition, the company has some limited distribution in the upper Midwest, the northeast and California. ...</br></br>""WLR also has a full line of private label products which represent an estimated 20 percent of sales. ... The company exports a small portion of its products - representing about 5 percent of its revenue - to 23 countries, particularly in the Far East, the Caribbean, and U.S. military installations." | This example is not sure. | crowdflower/economic-news |
2contradiction
| Veterans have a new online resource to connect with employers #jobs #opportunity ÛÒ RT to share https://t.co/Ix7d3afcnf | This example is constituency. | crowdflower/political-media-audience |
2contradiction
| Veterans have a new online resource to connect with employers #jobs #opportunity ÛÒ RT to share https://t.co/Ix7d3afcnf | This example is media. | crowdflower/political-media-message |
2contradiction
| thanks for the raspberry-Laced Vanilla Cake | This example is hate. | crowdflower/text_emotion |
2contradiction
| @USAirways only sympathy she offered was holding a reservation until Monday night. That's pretty awesome if you ask me... | This example is positive. | crowdflower/airline-sentiment |
2contradiction
| The DC storms *prove* global warming is just a liberal plot to raise taxes. Snow is not warm...duh. (proves it!) | This example is Yes. | crowdflower/tweet_global_warming |
2contradiction
| @mention Nuclear power, zealous protectionism, arms (ironically!), horses, frogs, snails, sparrows, otters, voles, topless birds... | This example is Negative. | crowdflower/sentiment_nuclear_power |
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