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0entailment
| The actual number of fighters who received instruction in Afghanistan was 15 , 579 .
U.S. intelligence estimates put the total number of fighters who underwent instruction in Bin Ladin-supported camps in Afghanistan from 1996 through 9/11 at 10 , 000 to 20 , 000 . | This example is non-contradiction. | robust_nli_li_ts |
0entailment
| Brazilians evacuated as miner Vale's dam breaks, releases sludge
Turkey offers condolences over Brazil dam collapse | This example is same_event. | hlgd |
0entailment
| The names `` googol '' and `` googolplex '' were invented by Edward Kasner 's nephew , Milton Sirotta , and introduced in Kasner and Newman 's 1940 book ,
The names '' Googol `` and '' Googolplex `` were invented by Newman 's nephew Milton Sirotta and introduced to the book of Kasner and Edward Kasner in 1940 . | This example is not_paraphrase. | paws/labeled_final |
0entailment
| The podcast presents updates on new products available and features reviews , interviews , and game design advice .
The podcast features updates on new products available and presents reviews , interviews , and game design advice . | This example is not_paraphrase. | paws/labeled_swap |
2contradiction
| How does mitral stenosis affect the heart?
I experience chest pain and palpitations and I am worried about heart conditions because my father has mitral stenosis. What are my chances of mitral stenosis? | This example is True. | medical_questions_pairs |
2contradiction
| We yelled ourselves hoarse. | This example is unacceptable. | glue/cola |
2contradiction
| some weird relative trots out the video he took of the family vacation to stonehenge | This example is positive. | glue/sst2 |
0entailment
| Why are Turkish people called terrorists in Europe? Have they ever committed a terrorist attack? | This example is insincere question. | insincere-questions |
0entailment
| pwc launches hr service in india the indian express photo: ap photo photothe railways on friday launched a new that it says is aimed at boosting its passenger numbers and attracting business. company said will take advantage of delhi government's new-look railway system, which set to come under direct supervision prime minister minister-designate for transport logistics government, expected introduce first phase infrastructure next couple years.the has been voluntary basis train passengers new, three-day journey. designed bring fresh efficient economy country rest world by using existing routes.the system be used all public systems india, including those government.in delhi, trains from delhi-based service, capacity around 500, have running two hours newly-launched since last month. day assembly elections january 29, 2017.for latest , download your own way with this. you've got game, out there, former nba coach commissioner david stern when asked fox 's bill barnicle how he feels about current situation nba. if you're playing team best, gonna best league.the comments came after several media players who were critical league leadership past need better management provide their opinions.nba spoke this issue his weekly ask me anything segment tuesday morning show. ( sean g. smith / associated press )stern )the not allow teams use signed. let sign more than six months. | This example is pplm_gpt2. | TuringBench |
0entailment
| What articles of clothing are tokens in Monopoly ? | This example is ENTY:other. | trec |
0entailment
| Barbershop The Next Cut is rated based on more than 50 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes .
On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has a rating of 92 % , based on 48 reviews , with an average rating of 7/10 . | This example is REFUTES. | vitaminc/tals--vitaminc |
2contradiction
| George Floyd is the straw that broke the camel's back. Nobody said he was the most perfect piece of straw on the farm. But he was a human being. And as far as I know there was no death sentence on him. But he was killed by the establishment anyhow. This can happen to anyone. Even you | This example is Hope_speech. | hope_edi/english |
2contradiction
| BREAKING: At least 10 killed in shooting at French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, Paris prosecutor's office says. http://t.co/mnAeA7j7fY
@cnni 11 killed | This example is support. | rumoureval_2019/RumourEval2019 |
0entailment
| I'm a male I would fight for women rights because we all are human | This example is no_hate_speech. | ethos/binary |
0entailment
| It’s possible changing meds is best not done while under stress. Difficult to tell what part of despair is circumstantial, what is drugs. | This example is sadness. | tweet_eval/emotion |
2contradiction
| @user Unchecked Population&migration to cities is biggest evil for dirty India.Disincentive large families,such as withdrawl of sops | This example is non-hate. | tweet_eval/hate |
0entailment
| No. Its actually not Friday. Today we proudly present ☆ Sunday~!☆ So... GO ENJOY YOUR SUNDAY. | This example is non_irony. | tweet_eval/irony |
0entailment
| @user @user @user @user @user She just knew she was having a girl!! She is excited now!! | This example is non-offensive. | tweet_eval/offensive |
2contradiction
| Okay I'm going to watch Dexter and Hannibal and get high and sleep because fuck Monday. | This example is positive. | tweet_eval/sentiment |
2contradiction
| @user Pray?? You want me to PRAY that abortions and dangerous facilities remain unchecked?? #facepalm #SemST | This example is favor. | tweet_eval/stance_abortion |
0entailment
| My heart and prayers go out to the city of Baltimore. I can only hope for clarity and resolution for the people of that city. #SemST | This example is against. | tweet_eval/stance_atheism |
2contradiction
| @user @user @user @user Further proof of #SemST | This example is favor. | tweet_eval/stance_climate |
2contradiction
| Why don't you love me Twitter #SemST | This example is against. | tweet_eval/stance_feminist |
0entailment
| Lol why do so many people around here hate Hillary? #SemST | This example is favor. | tweet_eval/stance_hillary |
0entailment
| Cardio level "pharaoh" #iworkout #gymtime @ 24 Hour Fitness - San Mateo, CA | This example is 😂. | tweet_eval/emoji |
0entailment
| Active Hands: The Utah Jazz did not fare poorly on the hustle stats, garnering eight blocked shots and nine steals.
Their opponents one-upped them to the tune of 14 blocks and 11 steals of their own. | This example is unfortunately,. | discovery/discovery |
2contradiction
| such a deal. | This example is Tag-Question. | pragmeval/switchboard |
0entailment
| yeah so chuck helped me out in uh regenerating all the the different channel files for like a few meetings. | This example is Floor Holder. | pragmeval/mrda |
0entailment
| what many people who are supporting a ban are forgetting is if someone has such a severe peanut allergy that a reaction occurs when breathing or touching something else that has been contaminated , then *all* aircrafts that have ever had peanuts aboard are contaminated. | This example is unverifiable. | pragmeval/verifiability |
2contradiction
| some isis fighters have contracted ebola
isis fighters have contracted ebola: world health organisation investigating reports militants showed up at iraqi hospital with lethal disease | This example is against. | pragmeval/emergent |
0entailment
| for example , differences in recruitment and retention strategies across departments will be washed out by averaging ,
thereby masking any insights into the efficacy of individual strategies and policies . | This example is result. | pragmeval/gum |
2contradiction
| i don't know if this will affect one institution or a hundred
it does establish a very clear precedent for suing the fhlbb where there was none before | This example is Pragmatic cause. | pragmeval/pdtb |
2contradiction
| no thinks
sorry.. | This example is Comment. | pragmeval/stac |
2contradiction
| no, what the blacks did was dress in african clothes and let their afros grow out. they stopped trying to follow the image that was being imposed on them, and instead embraced what they were. that's all that's happening here. they're not hiding their sexuality in the closet any longer, despite, or even because of, the fact that people like you would like them to.
somehow i think most people are going to be a lot more comfortable with their kids seeing people in african atire with long hair than with scantily-dressed (or topless) people simulating sex acts. emoticonxrolleyes | This example is notsarc. | pragmeval/sarcasm |
2contradiction
| emm ... -lrb- smiles/slight laugh -rrb- emm ... am not sure of the ... it is questions like that -lrb- giggles -rrb- . . | This example is Positive. | silicone/sem |
2contradiction
| right | This example is init. | silicone/oasis |
0entailment
| Hey , Mon . | This example is neutral. | silicone/meld_s |
2contradiction
| Hey , Mon . | This example is surprise. | silicone/meld_e |
0entailment
| and you go from the start | This example is instruct. | silicone/maptask |
0entailment
| let's not exchange any gifts at all . | This example is happiness. | silicone/dyda_e |
2contradiction
| let's not exchange any gifts at all . | This example is inform. | silicone/dyda_da |
2contradiction
| Do you want my jacket? | This example is fea. | silicone/iemocap |
2contradiction
| 329 U.S. 304
67 S.Ct. 313
91 L.Ed. 308
EAGLES, Post Commanding Officer, Fort Dix, N.J.,v.UNITED STATES ex rel. SAMUELS.
No. 59.
Argued Nov. 21, 1946.
Decided Dec. 23, 1946.
Mr.Irving S. Shapiro, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Mr. Meyer Kreeger, of New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.
1
Samuels registered under the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940,1 as amended, and thereafter claimed exemption from military service under § 5(d) of the Act. That exemption includes not only regular or duly ordained ministers of religion but also 'Students who are preparing for the ministry in theological or divinity schools recognized as such for more than one year prior' to the Act. He was classified I—A and inducted into the Army. Thereafter he filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the District Court, seeking release from military custody on the ground that he was entitled to an exemption under § 5(d) of the Act and that his classification as I—A was unlawful. There was a return and a hearing, and the District Court ordered the writ dismissed. On appeal the Circuit Court of Appeals, in reliance on United States ex rel. Levy v. Cain, 2 Cir., 149 F.2d 338, reversed and remanded the cause to the District Court with directions to 'discharge' Samuels 'From military custoday, without prejudice to further lawful proceedings under the Selective Service Act'. United States ex rel. Samuels v. Pearson, 3 Cir., 151 F.2d 801, 802.
2
The case is here on a petition for a writ of certiorari which we granted in order to resolve the conflict between the decision below and United States ex rel. Goodman v. Hearn, 153 F.2d 186, in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals.
3
First. A question of mootness lies at the threshold of the case presented here. We are advised that after remand of the cause the District Court ordered the release of Samuels and that he was thereupon unconditionally released from military custody. Samuels contends that the case is moot since he is no longer in custody of the military or of any one else but is free to come and go as he pleases.
4
Under our decisions the case would be moot if the writ of habeas corpus had been denied below and, pending disposition of the petition here, Samuels had received a discharge from the army. Zimmerman v. Walker, 319 U.S. 744, 63 S.Ct. 1027, 87 L.Ed. 1700. And see Weber v. Squier, 315 U.S. 810, 62 S.Ct. 800, 86 L.Ed. 1209; Tornello v. Hudspeth, 318 U.S. 792, 63 S.Ct. 990, 87 L.Ed. 1158. That situation, like the case of a prisoner who, pending an appeal from denial of a writ of habeas corpus, is granted bail, Johnson v. Hoy, 227 U.S. 245, 33 S.Ct. 240, 57 L.Ed. 497; Wales v. Whitney, 114 U.S. 564, 572—574, 5 S.Ct. 1050, 1053, 1054, 29 L.Ed. 277, would present no existing controversy. Habeas corpus is the means of making a judicial 'Inquiry into the cause of restraint of liberty.' R.S. § 752, 28 U.S.C. § 452, 28 U.S.C.A. § 452. As stated in McNally v. Hill, 293 U.S. 131, 137, 55 S.Ct. 24, 27, 79 L.Ed. 238, 'There is no warrant in either the statute or the writ for its use to invoke judicial determination of questions which c uld not affect the lawfulness of the custody and detention'. If the custody or restraint of liberty is terminated without use of the writ, the case is finished. Different considerations are brought into play if custody is ended through the writ itself.
5
Our rules recognize the beneficent function of the writ, Bowen v. Johnston, 306 U.S. 19, 26, 27, 59 S.Ct. 442, 445, 446, 83 L.Ed. 455; People ex rel. Sabatino v. Jennings, 246 N.Y. 258, 158 N.E. 613, 63 A.L.R. 14582 by providing that a prisoner to whom the writ has been granted may, pending appeal, be enlarged on a recognizance. Rule 45, 28 U.S.C.A. following section 354. The fact that he has been so enlarged does not render the appeal of the custodian moot. Carr v. Zaja, 283 U.S. 52, 53, 51 S.Ct. 360, 75 L.Ed. 836.3 In such a case the release is obtained through the assertion of judicial power. It is the propriety of the exercise of that power which is in issue in the appellate court, whether the prisoner is discharged or remanded to custody. Though the writ has been granted and the prisoner released, the appellate court by what it does is not rendering an opinion and issuing an order which cannot affect the litigants in the case before it. Cf. St. Pierre v. United States, 319 U.S. 41, 42, 63 S.Ct. 910, 911, 87 L.Ed. 1199, and cases cited. Affirmance makes the prisoner's release final and unconditional. Reversal undoes what the habeas corpus court did and makes lawful a resumption of the custody. Knewel v. Egan, 268 U.S. 442, 448, 45 S.Ct. 522, 525, 69 L.Ed. 1036; Haddox v. Richardson, 4 Cir., 168 F. 635; James v. Amrine, 157 Kan. 397, 140 P.2d 362; State ex rel. Bond v. Langum, 135 Minn. 320, 160 N.W. 858.
6
Second. On the merits the case involves primarily the use by the Selective Service System in New York City of advisory panels on theological classifications. Under the Act the President is authorized to establish 'Civilian local boards, civilian appeal boards, and such other agencies, including agencies of appeal, as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.' Section 10(a)(2), 57 Stat. 597, 598, 50 U.S.C.App.Supp. III, § 310(a)(2), 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 310(a)(2). With exceptions not material here, the President is authorized to delegate to the Director of Selective Service any authority vested in him under the Act. Section 10(b), 57 Stat. 597, 598, 50 U.S.C.App.Supp. III, § 310(b), 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 310(b). And the Director may redelegate that authority. Id. The administration of the system in each State is delegated under the regulations to a state director. Sections 603.11, 603.12, 6 Fed.Reg. 6827. In New York City, however, a city director has been appointed who performs within that area the functions of the state director. Section 603.12—1, 8 Fed.Reg. 3514. The city director supervises the local boards and boards of appeal in New York City. He may require a local board to reopen and consider anew the classification of a registrant. Section 626.2(b), 9 Fed.Reg. 11619, § 626.2—1, 10 Fed.Reg. 9210. He may appeal to a board of appeal any determination of a local board. Section 627.1, 8 Fed.Reg. 16720, 10 Fed.Reg. 9210. He may require a board of appeal to reconsider its decision, s 627.61, 8 Fed.Reg. 6017, or appeal from it to the President. Section 628.1, 7 Fed.Reg. 10521.
7
It appears that the city director, in aid of these functions, established theological panels. It was thought d sirable to give the selective service personnel the benefit of the advice of those familiar with the educational practices of various religious groups so that Selective Service might exercise a more informed judgment in evaluating claims to classifications in IV—D. Accordingly, theological panels were constituted, one of which consisted of prominent laymen and rabbis of the Jewish faith, who gave advisory opinions on those who sought a IV—D classification on the grounds that they were either rabbis or students preparing for the ministry in the Jewish religion. The members of the panel were volunteers, as permitted by the regulations. Section 602.2, 6 Fed.Reg. 6826. And pursuant to the regulations each took the oath of office. Section 602.4(a), 6 Fed.Reg. 6826.
8
Samuels registered under the Act in February, 1942. In May and July, 1942, he filed with his local board questionnaires stating that he had had two years of high school education; that he was a student at the Mesifta Theological Seminary preparing for the rabbinate; that since 1940 his regular occupation was that of a clerk; that for the past two years he had been employed by a textile company; and that the job for which he was best fitted was that of a spiritual leader and a teacher of Hebrew or rabbinical duties. The local board was advised by the seminary that Samuels had attended there since he was six years old, that he had finished the eight year elementary course and the four year prerabbinical course, that he had been admitted to the rabbinical division in 1937, that he left the school in 1939 to seek employment, that he returned to the evening school in September, 1941, and that he was transferred to the day session in July, 1942, which as later appeared, was a few days before the school closed for the summer.
9
In August, 1942, the local board classified him IV—D. Section 622.44(a), 6 Fed.Reg. 6607, 6766. In May, 1944, he was given a physical examination and found acceptable for military service. Thereafter the city director requested that he appear before the theological panel in respect to his claim to a IV—D classification. He appeared before the panel in June, 1944, stating inter alia, that he expected to graduate from the seminary in 1945, that ill health caused him to leave the school in 1939, that between 1940 and 1942 he worked as a clerk, and that he returned to the seminary as a full time student at about the time he filed his selective service questionnaire.
10
The panel reported that the seminary which Samuels attended was not preparing men exclusively for the rabbinate, that orthodox tradition encouraged advanced study of the subjects in which students for the ministry were trained, and that students ultimately intending to enter business or a profession or some non-rabbinic activity in the field of religion may be enrolled in the same classes as those preparing for the rabbinate. The panel stated that it therefore seemed essential to determine in each case what the registrant had in mind in pursuing his course of study; that to make that determination the character of the seminary, the sincerity of the registrant's declared purpose, his demeanor, and the impression as to his candor and honesty should be considered. It concluded that Samuels was not 'preparing in good faith for a career of service in the practicing rabbinate.' Its recommendation and the transcript of the hearing before it were sent to the city director who forwarded them to the local board with a request that Samuels' classification be reopened and with the statement that 'while the Local Board should give careful consideration to the recommendation of the advisory panel, the responsibility of determining the registrant's classification must rest with the Local Board itself, or the appropriate agency of appeal.'
11
The local board reclassified Samuels I—A in August, 1944. He submitted additional evidence and requested a hearing. One was had in September, 1944 and another in October, 1944. There is no § owing that the recommendation of the panel or the transcript of the hearing before it was kept from Samuels. They were not marked confidential in the file. The local board, indeed, allowed Samuels to correct alleged inaccuracies in the transcript. The local board ordered him continued in I—A and on appeal, the board of appeal also classified him as I—A. A few days later Samuels filed additional information with the local board and requested that his classification be reopened. Another hearing was held, Samuels being present. He advised the board that he had appeared of his own volition before a committee representing the Union of Orthodox Rabbis (but not connected with the selective service system) and that the committee concluded he was a student preparing in good faith for the ministry. What facts that committee may have acted upon do not appear. In any event, the local board denied Samuels' request to reopen the classification by a divided vote; and shortly thereafter he was inducted into the army.
12
Congress made the decisions of the local boards and of the boards of appeal 'final', except as appeals from them may be authorized, § 10(a)(2), withholding from the courts the customary power of review of administrative action. See Estep v. United States, 327 U.S. 114, 66 S.Ct. 423.
13
It is elementary that habeas corpus may not be used as a writ of error. United States ex rel. Tisi v. Tod, 264 U.S. 131, 44 S.Ct. 260, 68 L.Ed. 590; Woolsey v. Best, 299 U.S. 1, 57 S.Ct. 2, 81 L.Ed. 3. The function of habeas corpus is exhausted when it is ascertained that the agency under whose order the petitioner is being held had jurisdiction to act. If the writ is to issue, mere error in the proceeding which resulted in the detention is not sufficient. United States ex rel. Tisi v. Tod, supra. Deprivation of petitioner of basic and fundamental procedural safeguards, an assertion of power to act beyond the authority granted the agency, and action without evidence to support its order, are familiar examples of the showing which is necessary. See Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 58 S.Ct. 1019, 82 L.Ed. 1461, 146 A.L.R. 357; Bridges v. Wixon, 326 U.S. 135, 149, 65 S.Ct. 1443, 1450, 89 L.Ed. 2103. But it is not enough to show that the decision was wrong, United States ex rel. Tisi v. Tod, supra, or that incompetent evidence was admitted and considered. United States ex rel. Vajtauer v. Commissioner, 273 U.S. 103, 47 S.Ct. 302, 71 L.Ed. 560. If it cannot be said that there were procedural irregularities of such a nature or magnitude as to render the hearing unfair, Bridges v. Wixon, supra, at page 156, of 326 U.S., at page 1453 of 65 S.Ct., 89 L.Ed. 2103, or that there was no evidence to support the order, Vajtauer v. Commissioner, supra, the inquiry is at an end.
14
We do not think that the use of the theological panel per se infected the whole administrative proceeding and rendered it so unfair as to be nugatory. The task of the local boards in evaluating claims to exemption is almost certain to raise perplexing problems, especially in large centers where the status and activities of registrants are not so well known in the community. The local board will frequently have to make inquiries on their own. And when it comes to exemptions claimed under § 5(d), the variety of religious faiths and the differing educational practices of the churches or of sects within one faith may create difficult questions for the boards.
15
We agree with the court in United States ex rel. Goodman v. Hearn, supra, at page 188 of 153 F.2d, that advice from well-informed members of the faith in question may 'Both help and speed just classification'. Congress wrote into the Act a comparable procedure for the handling of claims for exemption by conscientious objectors. Where such claims are denied by the local board and appealed, they are referred to the Department of Justice for a hearing and an advisory report. Section 5(g). But the fact that there is no specific statutory provision for the creation of theological panels does not make their use improper. Wise administration may call for the expert advice which they alone can offer. And we see no difference in principle if they are formally constituted and regularly used in lieu of inquiry to members of the particular faith as individual cases arise. The administrative function entrusted to the Selective Service is an enormous one. The Act contemplates an administrative organization highly decentralized so as to operate effectively at the local level. More than the director, local boards, and boards of appeal were authorized. For § 10(a)(2), as we have noted, authorized the creation of 'other agencies' as well. A theological advisory panel, serving solely in an advisory capacity, would seem to be included in that category. The information received by the board from the panel, like information from any other source, must be put in writing in the file so that the registrant may examine it, explain or correct it, or deny it.4 There is, moreover, no confidential information which can be kept from the registrant under the regulations.5 With those safeguards a truly expert panel might serve a most useful function without the administrative process being corrupted by any unfair procedure.
16
Distinct questions would be raised if a registrant of one faith were referred to a theological panel on which his faith was not represented. See United States v. Balogh, 2 Cir., 157 F.2d 939. But it has not been shown that such a condition obtained here.
17
The court in United States ex rel. Levy v. Cain, supra, at page 341 of 149 F.2d held that though the propriety of the use of a theological panel be assumed, it must be limited by two conditions: the names of the members of the panel must be disclosed to the registrant so that he may be in a position to challenge it; the advice or answers which it gives must be limited to ecclesiastical questions.
18
In the statement which the panel filed in this case the names are not disclosed. But we do not think that fact rendered the administrative proceedings invalid per se. This is not a case of a registrant being passed upon by a secret group. He appeared before them, saw them face to face, and indeed recognized one of them. There is no showing that Samuels tried to ascertain who the panel members were, either at the time or subsequently, and was denied the information. Though we assume that the regulations require the file to disclose the names and affiliations of the panel members, the mere absence of a formal disclosure is not, without more, so grave an omission as to undermine the whole administrative proceeding.
19
The question is not whether the allegations of the petition are sufficient to justify the grant of the writ or the issuance of a rule to show cause, so that the facts can be ascertained in accord with the procedure outlined in Walker v. Johnston, 312 U.S. 275, 61 S.Ct. 574, 85 L.Ed. 830. In this case there was a return to the writ, a full hearing was had, and all evidence offered was received. Samuels had the burden of showing that he was unlawfully detained. Walker v. Johnston, supra. Not every procedural error, but only those so flagrant as to result in an unfair hearing render the proceedings vulnerable in a collateral attack. United States ex. rel. Tisi v. Tod, supra, at page 133 of 264 U.S., at page 260 of 44 S.Ct., 68 L.Ed. 590; Bridges v. Wixon, supra, at pages 152—156, of 326 U.S., at pages 1451—1453 of 65 S.Ct., 89 L.Ed. 2103. On the case Samuels has made out, the most the has been shown is that t e use of the theological panel might result in a hearing so unfair as to deprive the administrative proceedings of vitality. Samuels has failed to show that in his case it had that effect. He has therefore failed to sustain the burden of proof which was on him.
20
Secrecy and anonymity are not congenial to our traditions of procedure, nor in keeping with the regulations under this Act. But as we have said, the range of inquiry in a habeas corpus proceeding is limited. We are not sitting in review of action of federal agencies over which we have the power of supervision. Cf. McNabb v. United States, 318 U.S. 332, 63 S.Ct. 608, 87 L.Ed. 819. The function of habas corpus is not to correct a practice but only to ascertain whether the procedure complained of has resulted in an unlawful detention. It is the impact of the procedure on the person seeking the writ that is crucial. Whatever potentialities of abuse a particular procedure may have, the case is at an end if the challenged proceeding cannot be said to have been so corrupted as to have made it unfair. Samuels points to possibilities of abuse. But he fails to establish prejudice in his case.
21
If, as was held in United States ex rel. Levy v. Cain, supra, the panel must be restricted to answering ecclesiastical questions, Samuels should prevail. For the panel in question not only gave the board information concerning the seminary which Samuels attended but also rendered an advisory opinion on the bona fides of his claim. The argument for restricting the panel to ecclesiastical questions is based on the thought that it is only on such subjects that the board needs specialized information, while if the board relies on a general advisory opinion of the panel, it is devolving its administrative responsibility. See United States ex rel. Levy v. Cain, supra, at pages 341, 342 of 149 F.2d.
22
It is plain that the local boards and the boards of appeal may not abdicate their duty by delegating to others the responsibility for making classifications. That is their statutory function. Section 10(a)(2). But no such case is made out in this record. The city director submitted the panel's report with the admonition that it was advisory only and that it was the board's responsibility to make the classification. The recommendation of the panel was followed. But Samuels was subsequently given not only one but two hearings before the local board and a hearing before the board of appeal. There is no indication that either board relied solely on the panel's report or considered itself bound by it. In fact both boards received additional evidence submitted by Samuels and considered it. The record does not bear out the suggestion that either board was a rubber stamp for the panel.
23
Nor do we think that the range of inquiry and recommendation of the panel was too broad. If a panel is truly expert in the field, its expertness is not necessarily limited to knowledge of the theological shools the course of training, and the educational practices and traditions. Its acquaintance with the ministry of that faith and with the norms of the profession may well give it special insight into the claims of those seeking exemption. To draw the line at questions technically ecclesiastical is to make a distinction which may be wholly arbitrary in terms of the panel's expertness. A panel might act on irrelevancies; it might usurp the functions of a board. We discover nothing of the kind here. The fact that the board follows the advice of the panel does not necessarily mean that it functions in a subservient way. The fact is that the local board and the board of appeal gave Samuels further hearings and received and considered all evidence submitted. We find no procedural error of such magnitude as to warrent an uprooting of the entire proceeding in this collateral attack upon it.
24
Nor can we say there was no evidence to support the final classification made by the board of appeal. Samuels' statement that he was best fitted to be a H brew school teacher and spiritual leader, the two year interruption in his education, his return to the day session of the seminary in the month when his selective service questionnaire was returned, and the fact that the seminary in question was apparently not preparing men exclusively for the rabbinate make questionable his claim that he was preparing in good faith for the rabbinate. A registrant might seek a theological school as a refuge for the duration of the war. Congress did not create the exemption in § 5(d) for him. There was some evidence that this was Samuels' plan; and that evidence, coupled with his demeanor and attitude, might have seemed more persuasive to the boards than it does in the cold record. Our inquiry is ended when we are unable to say that the board flouted the command of Congress in denying Samuels the exemption.
25
Reversed.
1
54 Stat. 885, 55 Stat. 211, 621, 845, 56 Stat. 386, 50 U.S.C.App., 50 U.S.C.App. Supp. I, and 50 U.S.C.App. Supp. II, § 301 et seq., 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 301 et seq.
Our citations of the Act and the regulations throughout the opinion refer to the provisions applicable at the times relevant here.
2
In that case Mr. Justice Cardozo, then Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, said, 'It would be intolerable that a custodian adjudged to be at fault, placed by the judgment of the court in the position of a wrongdoer, should automatically, by a mere notice of appeal, prolong the term of imprisonment, and frustrate the operation of the historic writ of liberty.' 246 N.Y. at page 260, 158 N.E. at page 614.
3
It appears from the briefs in that case that after the writ had issued in the lower court the petitioner had been discharged, pending appeal, on a recognizance.
4
The regulations provide that in classifying a registrant, 'Oral information should not be considered unless it is summarized in writing and the summary placed in the registrant's file. Under no circumstances should be local board rely upon information received by a member personally unless such information is reduced to writing and placed in the registrant's file.' Section 623.2, 9 Fed.Reg. 437, 10 Fed.Reg. 8541.
5
See § 605.32(a), 9 Fed.Reg. 9190.
| This example is 2. | lex_glue/scotus |
0entailment
| Except as may be specifically required by law, Executive agrees that he will not (without the prior written consent of the Company) disclose, publish, indicate, or in any manner communicate, the terms and provisions of this Release to any other person or entity except: (a) as may be required by law; (b) to his accountant and/or financial advisor to the extent necessary to prepare his tax returns; (c) to his attorney; and (d) to his immediate family members. Executive further agrees that prior to any such authorized disclosure, Executive will inform each such person to whom disclosure is to be made that the terms of this Release are confidential. | This example is Confidentiality. | lex_glue/ledgar |
0entailment
| Το σημερινό περιβάλλον είναι προσανατολισμένο στα αποτελέσματα . | This example is el. | language-identification |
2contradiction
| 'The Student of Prague' is an early feature-length horror drama or, rather, it is an "autorenfilm" (i.e. an author's film). This film is a member of a movement of many movements that tried to lend respectability to cinéma, or just make a profit, by adapting literature or theatre onto the screen. Fortunately, the story of this book with moving pictures is good. Using Alfred de Musset's poem and a story by Edgar Allen Poe, it centres on the doppelgänger theme.<br /><br />Unfortunately, the most cinematic this film gets is the double exposure effects to make Paul Wegener appear twice within scenes. Guido Seeber was a special effects wizard for his day, but he's not very good at positioning the camera or moving it. Film scholar Leon Hunt (printed in "Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative"), however, has made an interesting analysis on this film using framing to amplify the doubles theme: characters being split by left/right, near/far and frontal/diagonal framing of characters and shots. Regardless, the film mostly consists of extended long shots from a fixed position, which is noticeably primitive. Worse is the lack of editing; there's very little scene dissection and scenes linger. None of this is unusual for 1913, but there were more advanced films in this respect around the same time, including the better parts of 'Atlantis' (August Blom, 1913), 'Twilight of a Woman's Soul' (Yevgeni Bauer, 1913) and the short films of D.W. Griffith.<br /><br />An expanded universal film vocabulary by 1926 would allow for a vastly superior remake. Furthermore, the remake has a reason for the Lyduschka character, other than being an occasional troublemaker and spectator surrogate. Here, the obtrusively acted gypsy lurks around, seemingly, with a cloak of invisibility. I know their world is silent to me, but I assume, with their lips moving and such, that their world would not be silent to them, so how can Lyduschka leer over others' shoulders and not be noticed?<br /><br />Nevertheless, this is one of the most interesting early films conceptually. Wegener, who seems to have been the primary mind behind this film, in addition to playing the lead, would later play the title role and co-direct 'The Golem' in 1920--helping to further inaugurate the supernatural thread in German silent cinéma.<br /><br />(Note: The first version I viewed was about an hour long (surely not quite complete) and was in poor condition, with faces bleached at times and such. I'm not sure who was the distributor. I've also since seen the Alpha DVD, which, at 41 minutes, is missing footage present in the aforementioned print and also has fewer and very different title cards, but is visually not as bad. The repetitive score is best muted, though.) | This example is neg. | imdb |
0entailment
| with a cast that includes some of the top actors working in independent film , lovely & amazing involves us because it is so incisive , so bleakly amusing about how we go about our lives . | This example is pos. | rotten_tomatoes |
2contradiction
| Schrder Mulls Cancelling Afghan Trip German Chancellor Gerhard Schrder could cancel his trip to Afghanistan in early October if the violence there escalates, a government source said Thursday after a rocket attack on a German-run reconstruction team. | This example is Sports. | ag_news |
0entailment
| Eating at the Bellagio buffet made me curious how the Wynn buffet measured up. At $36.95 its slightly higher than the Bellagio buffet, but in exchange you get a less crowded place - that in itself is worth it. Overall the Wynn buffet seems more innovative - they have dishes like quinoa and corn cakes, fennel and grapefruit salad, siu-mei, some curries etc. \n\nIf you are a vegetarian there is a large selection of Vegan dishes. Where Wynn really excels is in the desserts - they are all very innovative and they taste very good - not as if they were put together in a rush. Compared to the Bellagio its a match in food taste and quality, what makes the Wynn slightly better are the desserts, vegan selections and lesser crowds. | This example is 4 stars. | yelp_review_full/yelp_review_full |
2contradiction
| Otherwise the situation is under control . | This example is negative. | financial_phrasebank/sentences_allagree |
2contradiction
| of night, and all things now retir'd to rest | This example is mixed. | poem_sentiment |
2contradiction
| Serra del Tallat is a mountain range of the Catalan Central Depression Catalonia Spain. It has an elevation of 802 metres above sea level.The highest summit of the Serra del Tallat is the Tossal Gros de Vallbona; it is located between the municipal limits of Espluga de Francolí Conca de Barberà and Vallbona de les Monges Urgell. | This example is Artist. | dbpedia_14/dbpedia_14 |
2contradiction
| I speak Italian, and despite Air and Baricco might say about their collaborating, the music doesn't work incredibly well with Baricco's spoken word. The music is minimal to say the least, but in my opinion, would have been nice to soak in alone. The problem is, it's as effective in helping the text like reading a book in a hotel lobby; while at times it may fit the text, there is hardly any dramatical effect that corresponds with Baricco's voice. I'm sure this is likely to fly over the heads of most of us. I listened to this record prior to leaving for Italy with minimal listen comprehension, thinking about how much Baricco's voice tends to drown out the music in a tug of war for our attention. A year later after several months in Italy, the music and Baricco's voice take turns sounding out of place.Read the book, listen to Air, but the two things don't work out to well. Nice try anyway. | This example is positive. | amazon_polarity/amazon_polarity |
2contradiction
| DRM Radio will be broadcasting it 's second show , live this coming Thursday the 23rd Dec , 8pm to 10pm on http://drmradio.ubroadcast.com/ Listeners to the show are welcome to send us material they would like to have read on-air during any of our live broadcasts . | This example is hate. | hate_speech18 |
0entailment
| Wishing you and your family Merry "X" mas and HAPPY NEW Year in advance..
| This example is ham. | sms_spam |
0entailment
| $ 200 million eyeballed for Donald Trump 's <inauguration/> : toilet :
$ 200 million eyeballed for Donald Trump 's <inauguration/> : toupee : | This example is sentence1. | humicroedit/subtask-2 |
2contradiction
| Give me directions to my parents' place avoiding toll roads | This example is ComparePlaces. | snips_built_in_intents |
0entailment
| Idont want a Bestfriend Boyfriend homeboy nor homegirl... fuck all yall bitches ctfu idc idc | This example is offensive language. | hate_speech_offensive |
0entailment
| I like my boss?
Im in the army and my boss is a essex bird, shes going out with someone but he treats her like shit and never sees her, but shes stupid. I have been flirting with her alot but i want to make a move on her. what shall i do? i don't want to fuck up. | This example is Family & Relationships. | yahoo_answers_topics |
2contradiction
| You know it's an election year when the President of the United States is tweeting about the NFL's referee apocalypse. NFL fans on both sides of the aisle hope the refs' lockout is settled soon. -bo Obama's Twitter feed then pointed to a recent telephone interview with WTAM-AM in Cleveland, in which the POTUS pined for the return of locked-out officals. "But one thing I got to say, though, is it just me or do we have to get our regular refs back?" Obama asked WTAM's Bill Willis ( via the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel). "I can't get involved with it, but I'm just expressing my point of view as a sports fan." In a potentially related story, Mitt Romney has dropped Paul Ryan as his running mate in favor of Ed Hochuli. Follow Dan Hanzus on Twitter @danhanzus. | This example is true. | hyperpartisan_news |
0entailment
| In this paper , we present a digital signal processor -LRB- DSP -RRB- implementation of real-time statistical voice conversion -LRB- VC -RRB- for [[ silent speech enhancement ]] and << electrolaryngeal speech enhancement >> . | This example is CONJUNCTION. | sciie |
2contradiction
| Tateisi et al. also translated LTAG into HPSG ( Tateisi et al. , 1998 ) . | This example is Uses. | citation_intent |
0entailment
| The third group of proteins might be necessary to cope with the alterations in electron Xow such as NdhD2, OCP, and the thioredoxin-like AhpC (Ohkawa et al. 2000; Kobayashi et al. 2004; Wilson et al. 2006). | This example is background. | scicite |
0entailment
| (Texas Republicans) believe in abolishing Social Security, abolishing V.A. health care. | This example is false. | liar |
0entailment
| mint
planking | This example is false. | lexical_relation_classification/K&H+N |
0entailment
| lace
fabric | This example is HYPER. | lexical_relation_classification/CogALexV |
0entailment
| deer
breathe | This example is event. | lexical_relation_classification/BLESS |
2contradiction
| cucumber
veggie | This example is COORD. | lexical_relation_classification/ROOT09 |
2contradiction
| dance
social | This example is Synonym. | lexical_relation_classification/EVALution |
2contradiction
| "President Reagan will nominate John P. LaWare, a Boston banker described as a pragmatist and an advocate of bank deregulation, to the Federal Reserve Board, the White House announced yesterday.</br></br>If LaWare is confirmed by the Senate, his appointment will mean that Reagan has named all seven members of the board, which regulates banks and influences the economy by rationing the supply of money and credit.</br></br>Unlike some of Reagan's previous Fed appointees, LaWare isn't known as an ideological supporter of supply-side economics. Indeed, the 60-year-old banker isn't even a Republican. But administration officials were said to be more interested in appointing a knowledgeable banker and business executive to a Fed Board that is otherwise dominated by economists, including Chairman Alan Greenspan and Vice Chairman Manual Johnson.</br></br>LaWare is ""a very meticulous, pragmatic kind of banker,"" said Robert Eisenmenger, first vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. ""He's conservative, but not an ideologue at all."" Eisenmenger added that LaWare is very good at ""working in a group environment,"" a quality much admired within the collegial central bank.</br></br>As chairman of Shawmut National Corp. and Shawmut Bank in Boston, LaWare has been a staunch supporter of deregulating the banking industry. He has actively supported legislation to loosen restrictions on interstate banking and ease regulations on the rescue of troubled banks by healthy banks." | This example is not sure. | crowdflower/economic-news |
0entailment
| RT @Reuters: U.S. nurse who had Ebola is virus free: health officials http://t.co/749zco3eti | This example is national. | crowdflower/political-media-audience |
2contradiction
| RT @Reuters: U.S. nurse who had Ebola is virus free: health officials http://t.co/749zco3eti | This example is policy. | crowdflower/political-media-message |
0entailment
| @damohopo but thats 7 weeks away Im sure we got by only tweeting at night before? | This example is neutral. | crowdflower/text_emotion |
2contradiction
| @united that would be great | This example is negative. | crowdflower/airline-sentiment |
2contradiction
| http://bit.ly/bxMwb8 :) What can our families do to help stop global warming? stop global warming | This example is No. | crowdflower/tweet_global_warming |
0entailment
| RT @mention The government plans to rent all land owned by residents in parts of no-entry zone of Fukushima nuclear power plant. {link} | This example is Neutral / author is just sharing information. | crowdflower/sentiment_nuclear_power |
0entailment
| @TallulahM Read the most important action we will take in 2012 to tackle the #child #labour issue http://t.co/7r5jiNOW | This example is Action. | crowdflower/corporate-messaging |
0entailment
| RT @Reuters: U.S. nurse who had Ebola is virus free: health officials http://t.co/749zco3eti | This example is neutral. | crowdflower/political-media-bias |
0entailment
| AITA for making a joke about my wife being old on her 30th birthday? | We've been married for two years, and together for five years. I [24M] met my wife [30F] in college. She became very insecure about her age after our first year together, and whenever I would talk to other women at school it would make her jealous. She was also afraid that I would leave her for a younger woman. I almost broke up with her because it was a constant issue, but then she went to therapy, and eventually overcame it. It was her 30th birthday yesterday and I made a light-hearted joke that she was old now. She started crying and had a nervous breakdown. I apologized for my joke and tried comforting her, but she pushed me away and said I was right about her being too old for me. I told her that I was extremely sorry for ruining her birthday. She said it was okay, but she cried the whole night, and didn't want to sleep in the same bed with me. AITA for making this joke to my wife? | This example is unacceptable. | ethics/commonsense |
0entailment
| Could you get some laundry detergent from the grocery store? | This example is acceptable. | ethics/deontology |
0entailment
| I am justified in expecting that the basement will be completed because I worked hard on it. | This example is unacceptable. | ethics/justice |
2contradiction
| Max greeted the guests as they entered his home.
adventurous | This example is unacceptable. | ethics/virtue |
2contradiction
| can you cook i tried cooking rice 3 times no luck yet even i hate cooking | This example is sad. | emo/emo2019 |
2contradiction
| ðððð boss to see there are still idiots around!! and the use of words never gets an better! #idiot | This example is hate-speech. | tweets_hate_speech_detection |
0entailment
| The beasts and birds are fast asleep." | This example is male. | blog_authorship_corpus/gender |
2contradiction
| The beasts and birds are fast asleep." | This example is Virgo. | blog_authorship_corpus/horoscope |
2contradiction
| The beasts and birds are fast asleep." | This example is Fashion. | blog_authorship_corpus/job |
2contradiction
| Where do you feel a 23 year old guy can hang out shirtless? | This example is procedural. | open_question_type |
2contradiction
| The United States Secret Service arrested Alec Baldwin for threatening President Donald Trump at the 2017 Emmy Awards. | This example is unproven. | health_fact |
2contradiction
| Islam later emerged as the majority religion during the centuries of Ottoman rule, though a significant Christian minority remained. How often has Christianity been the major religion? the end of white-minority rule | This example is yes. | mc_taco |
2contradiction
| Intraocular infection due to Blastomyces dermatitidis is rare, and only 10 cases have previously been reported. | This example is Related. | ade_corpus_v2/Ade_corpus_v2_classification |
0entailment
| X wants to know what sorts of books Y likes to read. Are you interested in non-fiction?
History books are great. | This example is Yes. | circa |
0entailment
| "The process begins when the computer costructs a 3-D computer model of the face," to me that just sounds like something may go wrong for the fact we have the same kind of camrea for the Iphone and people have trouble with that. | This example is Ineffective. | EffectiveFeedbackStudentWriting |
2contradiction
| common focus : For mirrors with parabolic surfaces, parallel rays incident on the mirror produce reflected rays that converge at a common focus. :
shared location : For mirrors with parabolic surfaces, parallel rays incident on the mirror produce reflected rays that converge at a shared location. : | This example is negative. | phrase_similarity |
2contradiction
| The clinical trial led by Newcastle University shows that the drug, idebenone (Catena®), improved the vision and perception of colour in patients with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON).
However, post hoc interaction analysis showed a different response to idebenone in patients with discordant visual acuities at baseline; in these patients, all secondary end-points were significantly different between the idebenone and placebo groups. | This example is downplays. | scientific-exaggeration-detection |
0entailment
| Driving an icepick into dirt results in a smoother motion then driving it into ice. This means that less heat is generated driving the icepick into the (A) ice (B) dirt | This example is B. | quarel |
0entailment
| Seppuku is metathesized.
The 2001 UEFA Women 's Championship was the eighth UEFA Women 's Championship , a competition for the women 's national football teams and member associations of UEFA .. UEFA. UEFA. It took place in Germany between 23 June and 7 July 2001 .. Germany. Germany women's national football team. It was won by Germany with 1 -- 0 in the final against Sweden , after an golden goal .. Germany. Germany women's national football team. Sweden. Sweden women's national football team. golden goal. golden goal | This example is not_related. | fever-evidence-related/mwong--fever-related |
0entailment
| Superficial burns heal spontaneously within the first <mask> weeks. | This example is two. | numer_sense |
0entailment
| I picked out a vase and simply asked them to fill it with a vague idea about color. | This example is neutral. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r1.all/r1 |
2contradiction
| Will definitely order out again because it was a fine meal. | This example is negative. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r2.all/r2 |
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