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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudeh_Bin"}
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Village in Zanjan, Iran
Tudeh Bin (Persian: توده بين, also Romanized as Tūdeh Bīn and Toodeh Bin; also known as Ārpāshāl and Tūdabīn) is a village in Darsajin Rural District, in the Central District of Abhar County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 335, in 94 families.
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d1a8cc9f-a588-4305-84fb-71f1fb8336a8
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Austrian_films_of_the_1950s"}
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A list of films produced in the Cinema of Austria in the 1950s ordered by year of release. For an alphabetical list of articles on Austrian films see Category:Austrian films.
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
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Selo in Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Khpyuk (Russian: Хпюк; Lezgian: Хъпуьхъ) is a rural locality (a selo) in Suleyman-Stalsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 227 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.
Geography
Khpyuk is located 21 km west of Kasumkent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kachalkent is the nearest rural locality.
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7316c9b4-3bae-43b3-b58c-a14289d09c37
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The Cavalier Marching Band (CMB) is the marching band at the University of Virginia. The band's original director, William "Bill" Pease, was the first full-time marching band director in the history of the University of Virginia. The Cavalier Marching Band made its debut on September 11, 2004, after a considerable donation was made by University of Virginia benefactors Carl and Hunter Smith to found the band in 2003. The CMB uses a mixture of both DCI style glide step and high step in its performances. Of its over three hundred members, all seven undergraduate schools at the University of Virginia are represented.
The band performs a traditional pregame show prior to the start of football games, which usually features school songs such as "The Cavalier Song" and "Virginia Hail, All Hail". The band also performs during halftime, with a wider variety of music ranging from Broadway show tunes to top-40 hits. Following home games, selections from halftime are often repeated in a postgame show for the remaining fans in Scott Stadium.
The Cavalier Marching Band was selected to march in the 2015 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City. More than 44 million viewers watch the parade each year since its first television broadcast in 1939. In addition, the band has performed at a number of bowl games including the 2011 Chick-fil-A Bowl, the 2017 Military Bowl, the 2018 Belk Bowl, and the 2019 Orange Bowl. The CMB was also featured in the 2009 film Marching Band, a documentary directed by French filmmaker Claude Miller.
The Cavalier Marching Band is assisted by the Beta Chi chapter of Kappa Kappa Psi and the Iota Kappa chapter of Tau Beta Sigma.
History
In the years leading up to the formation of the Cavalier Marching Band, the University of Virginia had become the last remaining program in the Atlantic Coast Conference without a conventional marching band. In the wake of the 2002 Continental Tire Bowl and the banning of the Virginia Pep Band from all future editions of that ACC-tied bowl game, a donation was made by Hunter Smith for the establishment of an official university marching band. The director of the Pep Band at the time, Adam Lorentson, said that cost was the key reason the university did not have a traditional marching band, while Smith's multimillion-dollar donation made the new marching band a reality.
One of Bill Pease's first moves as director was to invite members of the Pep Band to join the new band. In further recruitment efforts, Pease went on to offer spots in the band to musicians at Piedmont Virginia Community College. Pease was given university songbooks from 1907 upon his arrival, and at the 2004 debut featured such University fight songs as "The Orange and the Blue" and "The Virginia Yell Song."
The band performs new halftime shows at every home football game and travels to one or two road games per season (depending on distance and available funding), as well as occasionally performing in exhibition at high school competitions. In its inaugural season, the Cavalier Marching Band had 170 members. Over 90% of members were UVa students; nearly 100% were from the greater Charlottesville community. By its fourth year (2007–2008), the band reached 232 members. More recently, the band's membership has tended to fluctuate around 320 members. Whenever describing the composition of the members of the band, former director Bill Pease typically pointed out that almost none of the members are music majors. He also emphasized that almost a third of the band's members hold positions of leadership, thus illustrating the virtue of student self-governance, an ideal widely emphasized at the University of Virginia.
Notable Accomplishments
The band was featured in the halftime show at the 2005 Music City Bowl in Nashville, Tennessee, and was declared champion of the event's "Battle of the Bands" the night prior, defeating the historic 300-piece University of Minnesota Marching Band. More recently, the CMB has performed at the 2017 Military Bowl in Annapolis, MD, the 2018 Belk Bowl in Charlotte, NC, and the 2019 Orange Bowl in Miami Gardens, FL.
The December following the violence at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, the Cavalier Marching Band joined forces with The Marching Virginians of Virginia Tech to host their first annual joint concert, held at John Paul Jones Arena. The aim of hosting this concert was to raise money for scholarship funds at both schools. Half of all proceeds went to the CMB's scholarship fund while half were given to a memorial fund to honor one of the Marching Virginians who was killed during the violence. It was the first time in the history of both schools that their bands performed together.
In their inaugural season, for their October 7 game against Clemson, the band performed with The Temptations Review starring Dennis Edwards. In the fall of 2007, Chad Hugo performed with the band during the halftime show of the November 3 football game against Wake Forest along with his brother Victor Hugo, on saxophone and keyboard, respectively. In addition to the band, over three hundred high school marching band students accompanied them on the field, playing three pieces Hugo had helped produce: Justin Timberlake's Like I Love You, No Doubt's Hella Good, and N*E*R*D's She Wants to Move. In 2012, the Cavalier Marching Band performed with The Temptations in front of a sold-out home crowd against Penn State.
Early in the fourth season the UVa Drumline was chosen by Yamaha Corporation of North America to represent them in an advertisement campaign that was aimed at high school students to promote Yamaha musical products. Interest in the Cavalier Drumline was initiated when a representative of the Yamaha Corporation paid a visit to a spring rehearsal. The representative noticed and commented on the drumline's professional attitude and was compelled to have them added to the national advertisement campaign. The drumline shares the honor with other big college bands.
In 2013, a competitive indoor color guard was formed and was named the "UVA CaptiVAtion Winter Guard". Its purpose is to provide existing color guard members the opportunity to improve their skills and compete against other area color guards during the off-season. Most recently, the guard received 3rd place in the 2014 Atlantic Indoor Association circuit championships in the Independent A division.
The Cavalier Marching Band performed in the 2015 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, performing a swing-style composition of the school's historic and traditional "Good Old Song". It was the band's first appearance in the Parade. During the 2017 season, the band welcomed notable singer-songwriter Lee Greenwood to perform with the CMB in an arrangement of his 1984 hit single, "God Bless the USA", as part of the university's annual Military Appreciation Day.
Previous Band Organizations at UVA
The earliest appearance of a faculty-led music group performing for sports events was in the mid-1920s, when the University Band provided music for pre-game rallies and at the games. The band suffered from poor funding and outright disasters through the subsequent years, including a loss of its instruments and uniforms to a bus fire in 1941. After a brief resurgence in the late 1950s, including allocation of $12,000 for uniforms, instruments, and facilities by a faculty committee under University President Colgate Darden, the band had dwindled to 25 members by the early 1960s. The band's performances at football ceased in 1964.
Though no band performed at athletic events during the period of 1964 to 1974, the Virginia Pep Band claims that the band at the time remained a club until it became the Pep Band in the mid-1970s. The student-run Pep Band was the official band of UVa athletics for the period between 1974 and the formation of the Cavalier Marching Band in 2003, with the exception of about one month during 1993.
The next faculty-led band at UVa athletic events, subsequent to the demise of the University Band, was the UVa Sports Band, a tiny 24-piece band started by UVa's athletic department in 1993 as a replacement for the Pep Band. It played for only a few home football games before disbanding.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_St._John%27s_Redmen_basketball_team"}
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American college basketball season
The 1984–85 St. John's Redmen basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1984–85 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Lou Carnesecca in his seventeenth year at the school. St. John's home games are played at Alumni Hall and Madison Square Garden and the team is a member of the Big East Conference. The team finished 31–4, with three of the four losses coming to Georgetown.
Roster
Schedule and results
Rankings
Player statistics
Local Radio
Team players drafted into the NBA
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c956089d-2ec7-4a3e-85be-6f800bab061a
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_World_%26_Splashin%27_Safari"}
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Amusement park in Santa Claus, Indiana
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari (known as Santa Claus Land prior to 1984) is a combination theme park and water park located near Interstate 64 and U.S. 231 in Santa Claus, Indiana, United States. The theme park is divided into four sections that celebrate Christmas, Halloween, Thanksgiving and the Fourth of July with rides, live entertainment, games, and attractions.
Holiday World contains three wooden roller coasters: The Raven, The Legend, and The Voyage, as well as Thunderbird (a Bolliger & Mabillard launched Wing Coaster) and The Howler. The safari-themed water park includes the world's two longest water coasters, Wildebeest and Guinness World Record Holder Mammoth; additionally, it contains a launched dueling water coaster named Cheetah Chase, numerous family raft rides and water slides, two wave pools, a junior-sized wave pool, two children's-sized water slide areas, a lazy river, and one family "tipping bucket". In keeping with its family friendly atmosphere, the park's Halloween celebration is tamer than at most amusement parks.
History
Santa Claus Land
Construction
Plans for Santa Claus Land were first conceived as a retirement project by Louis J. Koch, a retired industrialist from Evansville, Indiana. In 1941, Koch visited the town of Santa Claus, Indiana. Upset that children came to a town named Santa Claus only to be dismayed when Santa Claus wasn't there, Koch developed the idea for a park where children could have fun and visit Santa year-round. Although initial construction plans were delayed by World War II, construction of Santa Claus Land eventually began on August 4, 1945. At this time, Indiana had only one amusement park which was Indiana Beach (at the time called Ideal Beach) that had opened in 1926, 20 years before Santa Claus Land opened.
Opening to 1954
Santa Claus Land opened on August 3, 1946. At no cost, the park offered a Santa, a toy shop, toy displays, a restaurant and themed children's rides, one of which was The Freedom Train. With the park's success, Louis Koch's son, William A. "Bill" Koch, Sr., took over as head of Santa Claus Land. In the following years, Bill Koch continued to add to the park, including the first Jeep-Go-Round ever manufactured, a new restaurant and a deer farm which was eventually home to fourteen European white fallow deer.
1955 to 1975
Beginning in 1955, Santa Claus Land charged admission for the first time; adults were charged 50 cents while children continued to be admitted for free. Despite the new cost of admission, attendance continued to grow with the park. The Pleasureland ride section, which exists today as Rudolph's Reindeer Ranch, debuted in 1955. In the early 1970s, additional children's rides, including Dasher's Seahorses, Comet's Rockets, Blitzen's Airplanes, and Prancer's Merry-Go-Round, were added to this section. From 1959 to 1961, the first live entertainment, the Willie Bartley Water Ski Thrill Show, performed on Lake Rudolph each summer. A Santa Claus Choir composed of local children also performed at the park in 1970 and 1971.
In 1960, Bill Koch married Patricia "Pat" Yellig, the daughter of Jim Yellig, the park's Santa Claus. Bill and Pat Koch would have five children: Will, Kristi, Daniel, Philip, and Natalie.
1976 to 1983
In 1976, Santa Claus Land shifted its focus along with its entrance, which was moved from State Road 162 to its present location on State Road 245. The park began to focus on families, rather than just children. The park added nine new rides by 1984, eight of which they hoped would appeal to older children and adults alike. Eagle's Flight, Rough Riders, Roundhouse, Virginia Reel, Scarecrow Scrambler, Lewis & Clark Trail, Paul Revere's Midnight Ride and Thunder Bumpers on Chesapeake Bay were all targeted towards families, while Dancer's Thunder Bumpers Junior was built for children who weren't quite ready for the larger version of the ride.
Holiday World
1984 to 1992
By 1984, the Koch Family had realized the theming possibilities beyond Christmas. Santa Claus Land soon saw the first major expansion in park history with the addition of a Halloween section and a Fourth of July section. With the inclusion of more than just Christmas, Santa Claus Land formally changed its name to Holiday World. In the following years, Frightful Falls and Banshee were added to the Halloween section, Raging Rapids was added to the Fourth of July section in 1990, and Kringle's Kafé restaurant was built in the Christmas section.
It was also during this time period that Holiday World saw a change in leadership. Will Koch, the eldest of Bill Koch's children, took over as President of the park. Another of Bill Koch's children, Daniel "Dan" Koch, became chairman of the board.
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari
1993 to 2005
In 1993, the water park Splashin' Safari opened. In its first year of operation, Splashin' Safari operated with Congo River, Crocodile Isle, AmaZOOM and Bamboo Chute. The Wave was added the following year.
The park added the first of its three wooden roller coasters in 1995 with The Raven, built by Custom Coasters International. The Raven was named "Ride of the Year" and was voted as the world's second best wooden roller coaster. In 2000, The Raven was ranked as the #1 wooden roller coaster in the world by Amusement Today magazine, a distinction it held for 4 years. As of the 2011 awards, The Raven has remained ranked among the top twenty wooden roller coasters in the world.
Over the next four years, the park made only two additions. The first was the addition of Monsoon Lagoon in Splashin' Safari. The second was the replacement of Firecracker with Holidog's FunTown, a children's play area featuring Holidog's Treehouse, The Howler, Doggone Trail and Magic Waters.
In 2000, Custom Coasters International added another wooden roller coaster. The Legend, based on Washington Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow", was opened immediately adjacent to The Raven and is taller, longer, and faster than The Raven. The Legend's ranking reached its peak in 2002, when it was voted the fourth best wooden roller coaster in the world. Much like The Raven, The Legend continues to be ranked among the top twenty wooden roller coasters in the world, as of the 2011 awards. In 2000, the park also began offering its guests free unlimited soft drinks, a service which brought international attention to the park. Holiday World was the first park in the world to offer this service to its guests.
For the next five years, the park's additions grew steadily. In 2002, ZOOMbabwe, the world's largest enclosed water slide, was added to Splashin' Safari. In 2003, Splashin' Safari added Zinga on top of The Legend's spiral drop, a ProSlide Tornado, while Holiday World replaced Banshee with Hallowswings and the Hall of Famous Americans wax museum with Liberty Launch. In 2004, the park continued to add onto the water park, adding Jungle Racer and Jungle Jets. Bahari Wave Pool was added in 2005, which marked the beginning of an expansion project that would double the size of Splashin' Safari.
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari received its most sought after award in 2004, when it earned the Applause Award from the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions. To win the award, awarded every two years, a park must show "foresight, originality and creativity, plus sound business development and profitability." With an attendance of 883,000 that year, Holiday World was the smallest park to ever receive the award.
2006 to 2013
The 2006 season marked the 60th anniversary of Holiday World. The park marked it by adding a brand new section: Thanksgiving. To complement the section, the park added two new rides. The first was Gobbler Getaway, a Sally Corporation interactive dark ride. The anchor attraction was the park's third wooden roller coaster, The Voyage, built by The Gravity Group, successors of Custom Coasters International. The addition of The Voyage gained the park national attention once again, as the roller coaster claimed the record for most air-time of any wooden roller coaster at 24.2 seconds. It is also the second longest wooden roller coaster in the world behind only The Beast at Kings Island. In its first year of operation, The Voyage was awarded the title of "Best New Ride" and #2 wooden roller coaster in the world. From 2007 to 2011, The Voyage was awarded the title of #1 wooden roller coaster in the world by the readers of Amusement Today magazine. Also added in 2006 was Bahari River in Splashin' Safari. It was named the "Best New Waterpark Ride" by Amusement Today magazine.
Over the next three years, Holiday World & Splashin' Safari opened several new additions. Bakuli and Kima Bay were added to Splashin' Safari, Turkey Whirl and Plymouth Rock Café were added to the Thanksgiving section, the Star Spangled Carousel replaced Thunder Bumpers on Chesapeake Bay in the Fourth of July section, and Reindeer Games replaced Kids Castle in the Christmas section. In 2009, Holiday World continued to break records by opening the world's tallest water ride, Pilgrims Plunge, in the Thanksgiving section of the park. Pilgrims Plunge deviated from the standard of using a sloped lift hill, instead opting for an open-air elevator system that takes riders to a height of 135 feet (41 m) before dropping them at a forty-five degree angle. Pilgrims Plunge was renamed to Giraffica in 2013 when the boundaries between the Thanksgiving section and the water park were slightly altered.
Splashin' Safari broke another record in 2010, when Wildebeest was opened. When Wildebeest opened, it was the world's longest water coaster at 1,710 feet (520 m) long. It was also among the first water coasters to use linear induction motors, rather than water jets or conveyor belts, to propel riders up hills. Wildebeest was named "Best New Waterpark Ride" in 2010, as well as "Best Waterpark Ride" in 2010, 2011 and 2012. The park broke its own record just two years later, in 2012, when Mammoth opened. Mammoth, which was the most expensive ride added to the park until the addition of Thunderbird, is 1,763 feet (537 m) long, making it the longest water coaster in the world.
In February 2010, Holiday World's rival park, Kentucky Kingdom in Louisville, Kentucky, announced that it would be closing permanently and ending operations after park operator Six Flags could not reach a lease agreement for the property. Several members of the Koch family later expressed interest into reviving the park in 2012, but later backed out of the deal. This park would eventually reopen under different management in 2014.
The park suffered a sudden loss in June 2010 when President and CEO Will Koch died while swimming at his home. Although the Spencer County coroner listed the official cause of death as drowning, family and park officials believe Koch's type 1 diabetes played a factor in his death. Soon after his death, Holiday World & Splashin' Safari named Will's younger brother Dan as the park's new president. Dan Koch served as the park's president until late 2012, shortly after which the board of directors announced Matt Eckert as the new president, launching a bitter fight within the family for control of the park and its assets. Matt Eckert was previously one of the parks two general managers. Eckert is the first park President not related to the Koch family.
Will Koch's widow Lori and their three children won primary ownership in the park after an ugly court battle and its parent company, Koch Development Corporation. Dan Koch, along with his sister Natalie, would go on in 2014 to form Koch Family Parks and buy Alabama Splash Adventure, a previously troubled theme park in Bessemer, Alabama.
In recent years, the park has replaced some of its older rides with newer rides. In Holiday World, Blitzen's Airplanes was replaced with Rudolph's Round-Up in 2011 and in 2012 Paul Revere's Midnight Ride was replaced with Sparkler, a 65 feet (20 m) tall Zamperla Vertical Swing ride. Due to limited vertical clearance for Sparkler, the park decided to relocate Star Spangled Carousel to the former location of Paul Revere's Midnight Ride and to place Sparkler in the carousel's place. The following year, Holiday World removed part of Holidog's Treehouse to make room for a new tea cup ride called Kitty's Tea Party. In 2013, the park also removed the only original remaining ride, The Freedom Train, citing maintenance concerns; it was replaced by another train ride which the park named Holidog Express. In Splashin' Safari, Jungle Jets was replaced with Safari Sam's SplashLand in 2011. In 2013, AmaZOOM, Bamboo Chute, Congo River, and Crocodile Isle were removed to make room for a new Splashin' Safari entry plaza; in its place, Hyena Falls and Hyena Springs were added to the north of Giraffica.
2014 and 2015 expansions
On September 6, 2013, Holiday World announced plans for a 2014 expansion totaling $8 million. The highlight of the announcement was a new swinging ship ride called the Mayflower, which is located in the park's Thanksgiving section just to the north of Gobbler Getaway. This ride is the first of a series of rides intended to bring the focus back on the theme park after several years of major additions to the water park. Mayflower has a capacity of 60 riders and swings 54 feet over a pool of water. In addition to Mayflower, the park announced a new restaurant and shop in Splashin' Safari, more cabanas, additional benches and shade structures, parking lot improvements, and the addition of fireworks on Friday nights between June 13 and August 1.
Giraffica closed at the end of the 2013 season and was removed before the start of the 2014 season citing technical problems.
On July 24, 2014, the park announced the construction of Thunderbird, a launched Bolliger & Mabillard Wing Coaster, for the 2015 season, occupying the area north of Hyena Falls and intertwining with The Voyage. This is B&M's first launched coaster (The Incredible Hulk Coaster at Universal's Islands of Adventure's launch was created by Universal, not B&M). The coaster reaches speeds up to 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) in 3.5 seconds and the tallest vertical loop on a Wing Coaster. It is also the park's first major steel roller coaster, as The Raven, The Legend, and The Voyage are all wooden.
2020 expansion
On August 6, 2019, Holiday World formally announced the construction of Cheetah Chase, for the 2020 season, a dueling launched ProSlide water coaster, occupying an area near the track of The Voyage in Splashin' Safari. Cheetah Chase features a track with a length of over 1,700 feet and a maximum speed of over 20 miles per hour. It is the park's first launched water coaster and their third major water coaster.
Themed areas
Holiday World is divided into four holiday-themed sections: Christmas, Halloween, Fourth of July and Thanksgiving. Each of the sections features rides, games, food and other attractions that follow the theme of that section's respective holiday. The music that plays over the loud speakers in each section is also themed to that section's respective holiday; guests will often notice the music change as they enter a different section. Splashin' Safari, which is connected to the theme park via entrances in the Halloween and Thanksgiving sections, takes the general theme of a safari.
Christmas
Upon entering Holiday World, guests immediately enter the Christmas section. The Christmas section is the oldest section of Holiday World, dating back to 1946. It was also the only themed area of the park until 1984. Although devoid of any major rides, there is a small sub-section called Rudolph's Reindeer Ranch which is home to several small children's rides. Notable landmarks in this section include a Santa Claus statue, a Christmas tree, a nativity scene and the Applause fountain, which was added after the park was awarded the IAAPA Applause Award in 2004. Prior to 2019, the Christmas section of the park included one of the park's two air-conditioned restaurants, Kringle's Kafé, which served standard theme park food items such as burgers, pizza, and ice cream. In 2019, it was replaced by the addition of Santa's Merry Marketplace, which expanded upon both the capacity, size, and available food of Kringle's Kafé. Since the park's opening in 1946, Santa Claus has been available daily throughout the season to chat with children.
Halloween
The Halloween section was one of two new holidays added in 1984. Two of the three wooden roller coasters in the park are located here: The Raven and The Legend. The area also has a Goblin Burgers restaurant, which resembles a witch's house, the Frightful Falls log flume that intertwines with The Legend, and the main entrance to Splashin' Safari water park. Apart from the architecture, guests will hear the school bell from The Legend's station ringing ominously throughout the section. It introduced Kitty Claws as its mascot in 2012.
Fourth of July
The Fourth of July section was the second of the two sections that were added in 1984, named for the date of Independence Day in the United States and which is commonly used to refer to the holiday itself. It introduced George the Eagle as its mascot. This area features more attractions than any of the four sections in the theme park. Landmarks in this section include the Hoosier Celebration Theater, where many live shows are performed; the Good Old Days Picnic Grove, where numerous shelter houses may be rented out for company picnics; and The Alamo restaurant, which serves traditional Mexican food. The Fourth of July section is also home to a sub-section called Holidog's FunTown, a children's play area which is completely encircled by Holidog Express. Keeping with the Fourth of July theme, there is also a monument with several American flags located right across from The Alamo restaurant in the center of the section.
Holidog's FunTown
Thanksgiving
The Thanksgiving section is the newest section of the park, added in 2006 to commemorate Holiday World's 60th anniversary. The anchor attraction of this section is The Voyage which wraps around parts of the midway; guests walk under The Voyage's brake run upon entering the section through Fourth of July. In the back of the Thanksgiving section is Thunderbird, the wing coaster, and a secondary entrance to Splashin' Safari. In addition to The Voyage and Thunderbird, the Thanksgiving section includes the second of the park's two air-conditioned restaurants: Plymouth Rock Café, which serves typical Thanksgiving food such as turkey, prime rib, stuffing, green beans and bread rolls. Turkeys can often be heard "gobbling" throughout the section as sounds emanate from the Gobbler Getaway ride and Pilgrims' Challenge game.
Splashin' Safari
Splashin' Safari, the water park Holiday World added in 1993, has consistently ranked among the best water parks in the United States, even being named as the #1 water park in the United States by TripAdvisor in 2011. The water park takes the general theme of a safari, with ride names featuring various animals, rivers and Swahili words. Holiday World has added onto its water park every year from 2002 to 2013. Among those additions are the world's two longest water coasters: Wildebeest and Mammoth, which are also, respectively, the fourth and second most expensive additions ever made to the park. Unlike a number of other theme parks that necessitate a separate admission fee for the water park, entry to Splashin' Safari is included with admission to Holiday World.
Defunct rides and attractions
Mascots and characters
Rather than sign licensed characters for the park, Holiday World has developed several mascots and characters including:
Entertainment
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari offers a variety of live entertainment, including singing, dancing and diving. All shows are performed at least six days per week when the park is in daily operation.
Special events
Awards
In 2004, Holiday World & Splashin' Safari was presented the Applause Award. To receive this honor, a park must show "foresight, originality and creativity, plus sound business development and profitability." With an attendance of 883,000 that year, Holiday World was the smallest park to ever receive the award. The park celebrated by installing a large replica of the award's trophy as well as commemorative plaques naming other recipients of the award as part of a fountain in the Christmas section.
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari has also received numerous Golden Ticket Awards, which are presented by Amusement Today magazine to the best of the best in the amusement park industry. At 51, Holiday World has received more Golden Ticket Awards than any other amusement park in the world, as of 2016.
Incidents
The Raven
An investigation following the accident showed that the safety restraints were working properly and that there were no mechanical deficiencies on the roller coaster. Additionally, the victim's seatbelt was found undone when the train returned to the station. A subsequent 2005 lawsuit filed by the family against Holiday World and the Philadelphia Toboggan Company, the manufacturer of the coaster train, was settled out of court in 2007. Terms of the settlement were not disclosed.
Lawnmowing accident
The Wave
Bahari River
Bomb scare
The Voyage
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Kuga (久賀村, Kuga-mura) was a village located in Tone District, northern Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The village first belonged to Agatsuma District.
Geography
Before moving to Tone District, it was the northernmost village in Agatsuma District.
History
Famous Places
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Villagrán may refer to:
Places
People
Topics referred to by the same term
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phidippus_texanus"}
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Species of spider
Phidippus texanus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.
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eb7df184-30fc-4dd1-9803-fbbe75abc3fb
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_O%27Brien,_4th_Earl_of_Inchiquin"}
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William McWilliam O'Brien, 4th Earl of Inchiquin, 9th Baron Inchiquin, KB, PC(I) (1700 – 18 July 1777) was an Irish peer and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1754.
Background
O'Brien was the eldest son of William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin, and his wife, Mary (née Villiers), sister of the 1st Earl of Jersey, and inherited his father's titles in 1719. He founded the predecessor of the present day Royal Cork Yacht Club, the Water Club of the Cork Harbour, in 1720.
Political career
Inchiquin was Whig Member of Parliament for Windsor from 1722 to 1727, for Tamworth from 1727 to 1734, for Camelford from 1741 to 1747 and for Aylesbury from 1747 to 1754. In 1725, he had been appointed a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath. From 1740 to 1741, he was Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, Governor of County Clare from 1741 to 1777 and Custos Rotulorum of Clare from 1762 to 1767. From 1744 to 1751, he was a Lord of the Bedchamber to Frederick, Prince of Wales, and admitted to the Privy Council of Ireland in 1753.
On his death in 1777, without surviving male heirs, his titles passed to his nephew, Murrough O'Brien, who was later created Marquess of Thomond.
Family
On 29 March 1720, he married his cousin, Lady Anne Hamilton, the eldest daughter and heiress of George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, and his wife Elizabeth (née Villiers). His wife became 2nd Countess of Orkney in her own right in 1737. They had five children:
He married, secondly, Mary Moore, daughter of Stephen Moore, 1st Viscount Mount Cashell and Alicia Colville, on 12 October 1761
Additionally, Inchiquin was feted by antiquarians and many of the works of Irish history produced at this time are dedicated to him; as an Anglican deriving his lineage from an old Gaelic family, he was a politique choice for those wishing to disseminate their work in Ascendancy Ireland and Hanoverian Britain.
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American family of alpine skiers
The Skiing Cochrans are a family of American alpine ski racers from Richmond, Vermont, a dominant force on the U.S. Ski Team in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and again in 2000s, 2010s and 2020s.
In 1961, parents Mickey and Ginny Cochran built a small ski area on their hillside property along the Winooski River in rural Vermont, the Cochrans' ski hill, where they trained their four children to be world-class ski racers. All four - Bob, Barbara Ann, Marilyn and Lindy - represented the U.S. in the Winter Olympics, with Barbara Ann winning the gold medal in slalom at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan. The next generation of Cochrans has continued the racing tradition, placing six family members on the U.S. Ski Team, while Cochran's Ski Area has grown into a local winter recreation area with three lifts and eight slopes attracting families from around Vermont.
Parents
Children
Grandchildren
Timeline
Cochran's
In 2006, snow making equipment was installed at the site. The ski area is mostly run with volunteers. In 2010 the Ski Area installed lights for night skiing.
Video
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choji_station"}
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Choji Station is a commuter railway station on Seoul Subway Line 4 and Seohae Line in Ansan, South Korea. Trains on Line 4 utilize what is officially named the Ansan Line within the city of Ansan, as do those on the Suin-Bundang Line, which stop at the station on the same tracks using the same platforms.
The station opened as Gongdan Station. In 2012, the city government of Ansan announced that this station would be officially renamed to Choji Station at the end of June that year.
Station layout
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Overview of the events of 1999 in Brazilian television
This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1999.
Events
Debuts
Television shows
1970s
1990s
Ending this year
Births
Deaths
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Scottish footballer
John William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside left for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team.
Life and career
Campbell was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–1900, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He played alongside Jack Wilkie at four clubs.
He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring six goals, including a double in Scotland's biggest ever win – an 11–0 defeat of Ireland in February 1901. He also appeared for the Scottish League XI.
After his football career he became a ship's steward, but died aged just 41 from tuberculosis.
Honours
Rangers
Career statistics
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George Walker Warnock (May 4, 1869 – November 20, 1958) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1921 to 1925 as member of the United Farmers. He died in 1958.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_Mountains"}
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Mountain range in Colorado, United States
The Needle Mountains are a subrange of the San Juan Mountains of the Rocky Mountains located in the southwestern part of the U.S. State of Colorado. Much of the range is protected in the Weminuche Wilderness of the San Juan National Forest. The range is notable for having some of the most rugged mountains in the state, and includes many technical climbs and scrambles. A small but dramatic east–west subrange in the northern section is known as the Grenadier Range.
Geology
Unlike the rest of the San Juan Mountains, which are volcanic in origin, the Needle Mountains (along with the Grenadier Range) are a mass of uplifted Precambrian rocks. They consist chiefly of quartzite, granite, and amphibolite. The mountains are referred to as the Needle Mountains Uplift.
Notable peaks
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Indian writer
Usha Narayanan is an Indian writer in the thriller-fiction, mythology and romance genre and best known for her novels Pradyumna: Son of Krishna and The Madras Mangler.
Biography
She has a gold medal in English Literature from the University of Madras.[citation needed] She has done a writing course from Hawaii. She did various jobs like an English teacher, a creative director in an ad agency and radio station before becoming an author. She debuted through the novel The Madras Mangler. Her first foray into mythology was with "Pradyumna: Son of Krishna." The Hindu says of the novel, "Fascinated by this little-known or written about mythological hero, Usha’s latest book explores his journey, from being just another man to discovering his legacy and the rise of this swashbuckling hero."
In 2018, she released a book titled Awaken the Durga Within : From Glum to Glam Caged to Carefree. ShethepeopleTV called it "[The book] is a handy, easy-to-follow guide to help every woman assert themselves at home and work and reclaim their life". "A book to inspire modern Indian women," says DT Next.
Also published in 2018 was the novel, Kartikeya and His Battle with the Soul Stealer. Youth Ki Awaaaz says that the book "makes for a riveting read as it records the bildungsroman of Kartikeya and his growth in the process of finding the true purpose of his life."
Her Prem Purana: Mythological Love Stories "keeps the candle of hope burning for all who believe in the possibility of love," says The Free Press Journal.
Her other books include Doctor Stalker Spy, The Secret of God's Son and Love, Lies and Layoffs.[citation needed]
Bibliography
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BC_(Silifke)"}
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Silifke Bridge is a historical bridge in Mersin Province, Turkey.
Geography
The bridge is over Göksu River (Calycadnus of the antiquity) in the urban fabric of Silifke district of Mersin Province at 36°23′N 33°56′E / 36.383°N 33.933°E / 36.383; 33.933 . It is at the center of Silifke connecting south and north quarters of the city. (Before construction of the ring road, it was also on Turkish state highway
D.400 which connects Mersin to Antalya.)
History
The bridge was built by the governor of Silifke L.Octavius Memor on behalf of the Roman emperor Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitianus (who were the next emperors) in AD 77 and 78. The bridge was used by Silifke citizens for about 18 centuries. But by the 19th century it fell into ruins. In 1870, it was restored by Mehmet Ali Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Silifke. The next restoration was in 1972 by the General Directorate of Highways of Turkey
Details
The building material is limestone. The total length is 120 metres (390 ft) and the width is 5.4 metres (18 ft). There are 7 arches, the widest of which is 17.4 metres (57 ft). (But only three arches of the original construction survive, others are Ottoman arches)
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Sarah Chang (Chinese: 張學仁) is an American actress, producer, stunt coordinator and martial artist. Chang is best known for her work in the titular role in the DJI/Wanda film, The Teacher (2018), Blood Hunters: Rise of the Hybrids (2018), Karen Wu in Circle of Bones (2019), Mei in The Trigonal: Fight for Justice (2018), and for her stunt coordination work in Gandarrapido: The Revengers Squad (2017).
Early life
Chang was born in McLean, Virginia, where she spent most of her childhood. Her father was a big fan of Chinese Wu Xia movies and urged her to learn Wushu at the age of 7. Reluctantly, she joined a Wushu school in her hometown. Her first coach was Zhang Guifeng, Jet Li’s teammate on the Beijing Wushu Team. She would eventually go on to become a US national Wushu champion, a five-time member of the US Wushu Team, and at one point, ranked #5 in the world. Wushu also became her bridge into a career in film and television.
Chang is also a direct descendant of Zhen Guo Fan.
Career
Film and television
Chang's first dabble into video production was doing stunt choreography for a music video in Taiwan. Her friend, Michael Tan, who was directing this music video, needed the video talents to learn some martial arts and called in Chang to help them out. Shortly after, she joined Jimmy Hung’s action team, working on popular TV series in Taiwan such as My Crossing Hero and Moon River.
Chang later moved to Beijing to study acting at Central Academy of Drama and to explore more opportunities in film and television in China. She also hosted two promotional videos for the Asia-Pacific Regional Network for Early Childhood in Beijing. This led her to direct “Sihuan Playgroup,” which won Best Overall Picture at Edutain Film Festival.
Chang landed her first feature film lead role in the multiple award-winning Blood Hunters: Rise of the Hybrids written and directed by Vincent Soberano. Shortly after, she landed her second feature film lead role in the Chinese film Excellent Doctor from Hejian (2017) with director Sun Ai Guo. She also starred in feature films such as Barbi: D' Wonder Beki (2017) and The Trigonal: Fight for Justice (2018) which premiered at the Cannes Film Market. Chang took the leading role in the psycho-horror Circle of Bones (2020).
In addition to her feature film roles, she also acted in leading roles in award-winning short films such as the big-budget Wanda Films/DJI Studios collaboration The Teacher (2018) and the novel-turned-film We Are War (2018).
After training at the Jackie Chan Stunt Team Training Center in Tianjin, China, Chang also founded a stunt wire rigging team in Manila called the SACHANG Action Design Team, providing wire rigging stunts for major blockbusters in the Philippines such as Gandarrapido: The Revengers Squad (2017), where she was also the stunt double for Pia Wurtzbach, Last Night (2017), Barbi: D' Wonder Beki (2017), A Hard Day (2018) and Sanggano, Sanggago't Sanggwapo (2018).
Wushu Championship
Chang competed for Team USA at the World Wushu Championship. Chang trained for 3 hours a day up to six times per week to prepare for the initial trials.
Filmography
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dane-zaa"}
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First Nations in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada
The Dane-zaa (ᑕᓀᖚ, also spelled Dunne-za, or Tsattine) are an Athabaskan-speaking group of First Nations people. Their traditional territory is around the Peace River in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. Today, about 1,600 Dane-zaa reside in British Columbia and an estimated half of them speak the Dane-zaa language. Approximately 2,000 Dane-zaa live in Alberta.
Europeans historically referred to that Dane-zaa are the Beaver tribe.
Name
The name Dunne-za has been translated to "Those who live among the beaver." The spelling Dane-zaa is typically used for "the Real People." That spelling is used by the Dane-zaa Language Authority. Different tribes and First Nations use different spellings. For example, the Doig River First Nation (DRFN) and Halfway River First Nation (HRFN) use Dane-Zaa. Prophet River First Nation (PRFN) uses Dunne Tsaa; and the West Moberly First Nations (WMFNs) use Dunne-za or Dunne Za. Where other spellings are used in citations, such as Dunne-Za (e.g., Ridington 1988), they are kept intact and are synonymous with Dane-zaa.
The historic usual English term Beaver is a translation of the name used by several of their neighboring tribes. The Dakelh called them Tsattine / Tsat'en and the Plains Cree called them Amiskiwiyiniw, both meaning "Those who live among the beaver" or "Beaver People." In French, they are known as the Gens de Castor, meaning "People of the Beaver".
History
Prior to the 19th century, the Dane-zaa inhabited lands further east, near the Athabaska and Clearwater Rivers, and north to Lake Athabaska, as well as territory north of the upper Peace River (called Saaghii Naachii, meaning "big river," by them). Archaeological evidence at Charlie Lake Cave establishes that the area of Charlie Lake north of Fort St John has been continuously occupied for 10,500 years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples.
In the late 18th century, European-Canadians opened the Peace River area to fur trading. Scot-Canadian explorer Alexander Mackenzie (explorer) established Rocky Mountain Fort at the mouth of the Moberly River in 1794.
According to Dane-zaa oral history, the Peace River is named for the settling of a conflict between the Dane-zaa and the Cree. The Cree traditionally lived south and east of the Upper Peace River region. Due to their trade with settlers, they had guns and they pushed the Dane-zaa northwest in the late 18th century. A peace treaty, negotiated in the late 1700s or early 1800s, stated that the Cree would live south of the Peace River, and the Dane-zaa north. The Peace River, before and after its new name, marked a boundary zone, where groups met for trade, celebration, and settling of disputes.
A post journal of 1799–1800 mentions people trading at the post who can be identified as the ancestors of members of the former Fort St John Band, now the Doig River and Blueberry River First Nations. Doing oral history confirms that the ancestors of present Dane-zaa families were in the upper Peace River area prior to the first contact by Alexander Mackenzie in 1793. Traders provisioned their expeditions with bison meat and grease provided by the Dane-zaa in their hunting on the rich prairies of the upper Peace River area. By the time the Hudson's Bay Company took over the North West Company in 1823, bison were scarce.
Traditionally, Dane-zaa has followed the teachings and songs of Dreamers, who first predicted the coming of the Europeans. The last Dreamer, Charlie Yahey, died in 1976.
The Dane-zaa of Fort St John took an adhesion to Treaty 8 in 1900. Today they continue to have a strong cultural and economic presence in the North Peace area.
In collaboration with the elders of the Doig River First Nation, Robin and Jillian Ridington wrote Where Happiness Dwells: A History of the Dane-zaa First Nations, which was published by UBC Press in 2013. It features the oral history of the Dane-zaa from pre-history to the present day.
Danezaa governments
Treaty 8 Tribal Association
Treaty 8 Tribal Association members:
North Peace Tribal Council (NPTC)
North Peace Tribal Council members:
Western Cree Tribal Council
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American computer software company
Arkeia Software (/ɑːrˈkiːə/ ar-KEE-ə) is an American computer software company. It produces network backup software for 200 platforms including Windows, Macintosh, Linux, AIX, BSD and HP-UX, and also a backup appliance, integrating its software with disk storage and network connectivity. In January 2013, Western Digital Corporation announced it had acquired Arkeia Software. In May 2015, a community representative for WDC posted on their forum, indicating that the Arkeia Network Backup product line was being phased out.
History
Originally named Knox Software, the company was founded in 1996 in France by Michel Gouget, along with Michel Colzi, Nordine Kherif, and Arnaud Spicht together with Marketing Exec Phillippe Roussel. First incorporated in San Jose, California, the company was reincorporated in France after a $4 million Series-A investment in 2004 from SPEF Ventures (Banque Populaire) and Crédit Agricole Private Equity; this was followed by a $3 million Series-B investment by the same investors in 2007.
Products
Backup software
The firm's backup software has been released in several successive products. Its earlier product, Smart Backup (available 2005—2007) was reviewed in Linux User and Developer
Its current backup product, Arkeia Network Backup software, was reviewed in various releases in Linux Magazine, and Linux Format.
In 2009 the company released the product as a system image for VMware virtual machines. In 2009 the company acquired intellectual property and engineering resources from Kadena Systems in a deal that added source-based data deduplication to the software. The technology uses a sliding window approach to identify duplicate data which checks the data stream one byte at a time until it finds blocks that match what the application has seen before. The current version, 9.0, automatically adjusts block sizes based on file type in order to maximize dedupe ratios.
Licenses for the company's products have generally been "for fee" licenses, but beginning in 1998, it has made available a limited-capability free version. The first version, Arkeia Light, was available from 1998 to 2003. The current free version, called Arkeia Network Backup Free Use Edition, is available for download on the company’s website.
In addition, an Ubuntu 8.04 LTS repository was released as a no-cost, small-network package in 2009.
Appliances
The firm's backup appliance, originally called EdgeFort and now Arkeia Backup Appliance, was released in 2007, and has also had several versions. It allows backup administrators to remotely manage backup operations at remote sites without sending data back to headquarters over the WAN. It was reviewed by Storage Magazine in 2008, in its 2008 review of the EdgeFort 100 appliance.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Living"}
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American television sitcom
American TV series or program
It's a Living (renamed for season two as Making a Living) is an American sitcom television series set in a restaurant at the top of the Bonaventure Hotel in Los Angeles. The show aired on ABC from October 30, 1980, until June 11, 1982. After the series was canceled by ABC, new episodes aired in first-run syndication from September 28, 1985, to April 8, 1989. The series was created by Stu Silver, Dick Clair and Jenna McMahon and produced by Witt/Thomas Productions, later in association with Golden West Television (1985–86) and Lorimar-Telepictures (1986–89). Currently, the series is distributed by Paul Brownstein Productions and Warner Bros. Television Distribution.
Synopsis
The show follows the lives of the waitresses at the posh restaurant Above the Top, located at the top of the Bonaventure Hotel in Los Angeles, California. At the helm is supervisor Nancy Beebe (Marian Mercer), the restaurant's maître d’, who sometimes fraternizes with the girls but usually gives orders. More often than not the scheme of the week involves upsetting Nancy in some way. Adding to the chaotic working environment is a wisecracking pianist named Sonny Mann (Paul Kreppel), who makes rude comments to the women, Nancy included, and gets insulted in return. The kitchen is first the domain of Chef Mario (Bert Remsen), then Dennis Hubner (Earl Boen), and finally Howard Miller (Richard Stahl), who eventually marries Nancy.
Cast
Richard Kline also appeared as recurring character Richie, Jan's new husband, in seasons 3 through 6.
Episodes
The show's two broadcast seasons produced 27 episodes. An additional 93 episodes were produced for the syndication run, making a total of 120 episodes.
Title changes
Like many other sitcoms that aired during the 1980–81 television season, It's a Living felt the effects of the Screen Actors Guild and American Federation of Television and Radio Artists strike that occurred in 1980. This caused the show to have an abbreviated first season of only thirteen episodes.
The series was not a ratings success. For season 2 the cast was retooled extensively and the series was given a new title. Two of the five waitresses from the first season—Lois Adams and Vicki Allen, played by actresses Susan Sullivan and Wendy Schaal, respectively—were replaced with waitress Maggie McBurney, portrayed by actress Louise Lasser. Airing in 1981 under the new title Making a Living, this iteration did not catch on either, and the show was canceled at the end of the season. In syndication, the second season airs under the original title It's a Living.
Of all the cast, only Gail Edwards (Dot Higgins), Marian Mercer (Nancy Beebe Miller), Barrie Youngfellow (Jan Hoffmeyer Gray), and Paul Kreppel (Sonny Mann) lasted through the show's network and syndicated runs. Ann Jillian (Cassie Cranston) appeared during the network run and the first year of syndication. Crystal Bernard and Richard Stahl were on for the entire syndicated run.
Syndication
While the show was never a hit on network TV, its fortunes would later turn in 1983 when all 27 episodes went to syndication. The series began to attract a following along with surprising ratings for the reruns, which prompted the producers and Golden West Television to bring it back. Another factor in its sudden rediscovery was Ann Jillian's public disclosure that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer in 1984, the same year as the announcement of the show's revival.
In 1985, the show was revived under its old name for the syndicated market. Most of the cast remained intact from the former version. A new waitress, Amy Tompkins (Crystal Bernard), arrived at the restaurant and was immediately accepted by the group. When Jillian decided to leave the show in 1986 (she had agreed to do only one season in syndication, plus she needed to continue her treatments for breast cancer), her character was written out as having married and started a family. She was replaced by Ginger St. James (Sheryl Lee Ralph). With these core cast members in place, the show continued to produce episodes for syndication until it ended in 1989.
From 2000 to 2001, TV Land aired the series occasionally for special programming blocks. In April 2018, Logo TV began to carry the series in marathon form several times a month. Antenna TV ran the series from January 2, 2020 to August 30, 2021. The show as of September 13, 2022 airs on Rewind TV.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsica_wine"}
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Corsica wine is wine made on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. Located 90 km west of Italy, 170 km southeast of France and 11 km north of the island of Sardinia, the island is a territorial collectivity of France, but many of the region's winemaking traditions and its grape varieties are Italian in origin. The region's viticultural history can be traced to the island's settlement by Phoceans traders in 570 BC in what is now the commune of Aléria. In the 18th century, the island came under the control of France. Following the independence of Algeria from French rule, many Algerian Pieds-Noirs immigrated to Corsica and began planting vineyards. Between 1960 and 1976 the vineyard area in Corsica increased fourfold. In 1968, Patrimonio was established as Corsica's first Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC). Today, Corsica has nine AOC regions including the island-wide designation Vin de Corse AOC. The majority of the wine exported from Corsica falls under the Vin de pays designation Vin de Pays de l'Île de Beauté (Country wine from the Island of Beauty). The three leading grape varieties of the region are Nielluccio (Sangiovese), known as the spice wine of France, Sciacarello and Vermentino.
History
The island of Corsica was settled by Phoceans traders shortly after their founding of Massalia on the southeastern coast of France. The Phoceans were active wine growers, cultivating indigenous vines and cuttings brought from abroad. During the late 7th and early 8th century AD, the island came under Islamic rule. Wine production was severely limited due to the Islamic prohibition of alcohol. In the early Middle Ages, Corsica first came under the rule of the city of Pisa in the Tuscany region, then in the 13th century under that of the Republic of Genoa. During this time some ampelographers believe that a clone of the Sangiovese grape was introduced to the island which became Nielluccio.
Over the next 500 years, the Genoese established strict laws governing the harvest and winemaking practices of the island. They also banned all exports of Corsican wines to any port outside of Genoa. The most sought-after wines from Corsica were described as being made in the "Greek style" from the Cap Corse region. In 1769, a year after the Genoese ceded control of the island to the French, the Scottish writer James Boswell praised the diversity and quality of Corsican wines, comparing them favorably to the wines of Malaga and Frontignan. That same year, the future French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was born in the Corsican city of Ajaccio to a wine-producing family. Under Napoleon's rule, Corsica was allowed to export wine and tobacco duty-free across the French Empire.
In the 19th century, the Corsican government launched several efforts to improve the nation's economy by promoting Corsica's wine industry. These efforts included the widespread planting of the indigenous Sciacarello grape and the construction of a large cellar near the city of Vizzavona, which was located on the highest point on the railroad line that linked the east coast city of Bastia with the capital city of Ajaccio. The phylloxera epidemic of the late 19th century dealt a crippling blow to the Corsican wine industry, and was followed by a period of mass depopulation as Corsicans emigrated to other countries. The Algerian war of Independence ushered in a new period of growth as French pieds-noirs immigrated to Corsica and began new plantings. During this time, the number of vineyards increased fourfold. The overall quality of Corsican wine was poor due to the emphasis on quantity over quality, with Corsica becoming a prominent contributor to Europe's wine lake problem. In the 1980s, the European Union began issuing subsidies to encourage the uprooting of vines and to renew focus on limited yields and quality wine production. By 2003, these programs had contributed to a reduction of over 17,300 acres (7,000 ha) in the number of vineyard plantings in Corsica, as well as the introduction of modern winemaking techniques and equipment such as temperature-controlled fermentation tanks.
Climate and geography
The island of Corsica is the most mountainous island in the Mediterranean. The climate is warmer and drier than in mainland France. During the peak growing month of July, the mean average temperature is 74 °F (23.3 °C. The average annual rainfall for most Corsica's wine growing regions is 29 inches (730 mm) and 2.6 inches (65 mm) during the harvest month of September. Very little rain falls during months of August and September allowing for a dry, rot-free harvest for most vintages. Corsica averages around 2,750 hours of sunshine a year, with the nearby sea absorbing most of the heat during the day and radiating it back to the island at night. This creates a more consistent temperature and sharply reduces the diurnal temperature variation. Throughout the mountainous terrain there are several mesoclimates created by the differing degrees of altitude, latitude and maritime influences.
There are several different soil types found in the wine growing regions of Corsica. In the northern region consisting of the Cap Corse peninsula the soil is mainly schist. Just south of the Cap Corse is the limestone-rich chalk and clay soil of the Patrimonio region. Along the west coast, the soil contains a high concentration of granite. The vineyards planted on the east coast of the island between the cities of Solenzara and Bastia are planted mostly on marly sand.
Wine regions
Corsica has nine AOC regions and an island-wide vin de pays designation Vin de Pays de l'Île de Beauté that accounts for two thirds of the island's entire wine production. The Patrimonio region on the north coast was the first to receive AOC designation when it was established in 1968. On the west coast is a large region centered around the island's capital city of Ajaccio which includes some of Corsica's highest elevated vineyard land. The generic Vin de Corse AOC covers the entire island and includes the smaller sub-regions of Vin de Corse-Coteaux du Cap Corse, Vin de Corse-Calvi, Vin de Corse-Figari, Vin de Corse-Porto Vecchio and Vin de Corse-Sartène AOCs covers specific regions and generally mandates lower yields than the Vin de Corse AOC. The Muscat du Cap Corse AOC includes the vin doux naturel wines produced in the northern peninsular tip of the island.
Patrimonio
The Patrimonio wine region is located on the northern coast of the island, west of the city of Bastia, on the chalk- and clay-based soils around the city of Patrimonio. The Nielluccio grape is the main variety and usually composes up to 95% of the regions AOC red and rosé wines. The white wines of the regions are often 100% Vermentino. In 2002, the region changed it AOC regulations on the encépagement (grape composition) of the wines to where at least 90% of the red wines and 75% of the rosés must be Nielluccio, with Grenache, Sciacarello and Vermentino permitted to round out the rest. According to wine expert Tom Stevenson, the wines from this region typically drink at their peak within 1–3 years after vintage.
Ajaccio
The Ajaccio wine region includes the vineyards surrounding the southwestern coastal town of Ajaccio. The region produces mostly medium-bodied red and rosé wine made primarily from Sciacarello. White wines from Ajaccio are often blends of Ugni blanc and Vermentino. Under AOC regulations, the red wines must contain at least 40% Sciacarello, which together with Barbarossa, Nielluccio and Vermentino must compose a minimum 60% of the total wine blend. The remaining maximum of 40% can come from a blend of Grenache, Cinsault and Carignan-though Carignan is relegated to comprising no more than 15% of the blend. Stevenson notes that these wines typically have the same longevity as the wines from Patrimonio.
Vin de Corse
This region-wide designation and its sub-regions account for around 45% of all AOC wines produced in Corsica. Red and rosé wines here must include at least a 50% composition of Nielluccio, Sciacarello and Grenache. The white wines are composed primarily of Vermentino. This region includes many of Corsica's oldest established wineries that were founded in the 1960s on the island's eastern plains. The Vin de Corse-Coteaux du Cap Corse is located on the northern peninsular tip of the island and produces sweet wines made from Muscat and Aleatico. The wines made from the latter are commonly labeled as Rappu wine.
The sub-region of Vin de Corse-Calvi is located around the northwestern coastal town of Calvi, located north of Ajaccio. The wines of this region must follow the same AOC encepagment as the greater Vin de Corse, with the red and rosé wines containing at least 50% Grenache, Nielluccio, and Sciacarello, and no more than 50% of combined blend of Barbarossa, Carignan, Cinsault, Mourvedre, Syrah, and Vermentino. Carignan and Vermentino are further relegated to comprising no more than 20% of the entire blend. The white wines must contain at least 75% Vermentino, with Ugni blanc permitted to be included in the blend. The sub-region of Vin de Corse-Porto Vecchio is located on the southeastern coast around the city of Porto Vecchio. The sub-region of Vin de Corse-Figari is situated around the southwestern town of Figari, located between Sartène and Porto Vecchio. The sub-region of Vin de Corse-Sartène is located northwest of Figari and is centered around the town of Sartène.
Around the communes of Figari and Sartène are the few remaining vines of Bariadorgia/Carcajolo blanc remaining.
Muscat du Cap Corse
The Muscat du Cap Corse region includes primarily the northern peninsular tip and overlaps with the Vin de Corse Coteaux du Cap Corse AOC as well as five communes that produces wines in the Patrimonio AOC. The sweet dessert wine from the Cap Corse region is produced in the vin doux naturel style and is composed entirely of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains.
Viticulture and winemaking
The average elevation of vineyards in Corsica is 300 metres (1,000 ft) above sea levels where they are susceptible to strong winds. Vines were traditionally pruned to a goblet style, but modern viticultural practice and mechanical harvesting have encouraged more widespread use of single guyot and cordon de royat training styles. Vines are typically planted to a density average of 1,000 vines per acre (2,500 vines per hectare). The use of irrigation is prohibited in all AOC regions. Vineyards in Corsica are prone to occasional cicadelle attacks, which makes the vines susceptible to the phytoplasmic grape disease Flavescence dorée. Additional viticultural hazards include downy mildew and powdery mildew.
The European Union grant programs have encouraged many Corsican wineries to upgrade their facilities with temperature controlled stainless steel fermentation tanks. This allows the white and rosé wines from this warmer climate wine region to be fermented cool at between 64–68 °F (18–20 °C). Reds are often fermented in excess of 86 °F (30 °C) though some winemakers have experimented with cooler fermentation. Rosés are produced using the saignée method with malolactic fermentation being intentionally suppressed (as they usually are with Corsican whites as well). Red wines normally will go through malolactic fermentation and spend some time aging in oak barrels, though the use of new oak and extended oak aging has been a relatively recent development in Corsican winemaking. The white wines of Corsica are rarely exposed to oak, though some winemakers have experimented with making a Burgundian or Muscadet style wine from Vermentino which includes barrel fermentation and significant amount of lees stirring.
Reintroduction of old grape varieties
In 2007, ampelographers discovered through DNA testing that the Licronaxu bianco and its color mutation grapevine Licronaxu nero growing on the nearby island of Sardinia were actually the old Corsican wine grape Brustiano bianco. This discovery has allowed for the grape's reintroduction to Corsica where it is often blended with Vermentino, Biancu Gentile and Scimiscià.
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Hermann Hahn (born 21 March 1841 in Eisenach; died 9 February 1929 in Eisenach; full name Christian Friedrich Hermann Hahn) was a German architect. Hahn lived and worked in Eisenach, where he reached importance, particularly through his plans (designs) of numerous completed villas in Eisenach's south quarter. These mansion districts were established on the hillsides of Mariental valley in the construction boom between 1850 and 1914.
Life and work
Hermann, the eldest son of Wilhelm Hahn and his wife Maria Dorothea Bonewitz, began a three year apprenticeship in masonry, whitewash and stone cutting after completing secondary school in Eisenach. The Hahn family was established in the building industry in Eisenach as master masons, while the Bonewitz family had established themselves as leading fishmongers in Eisenach.
In 1859 Hermann began the traditional journeyman "Wanderschaft" period which took him firstly northwards to Bremen, via Kassel and Hannover; then to Munich where he was employed on the construction of St. Johann Baptist church (Haidhausen)). Later to Austria (Salzburg, and Vienna), Traveling to the Saxon Switzerland (German: Sächsische Schweiz) through Bohemia (Prague, Aussig). Thereafter by ship to Dresden before returning home.
Hahn is listed as an architect on his registration of citizenship in June 1866. His civic works in Eisenach include the designs of the New Synagogue built in 1885, and the church tower of the St. George's Church built between 1899-1901.
Hermann also designed or built schools in Eisenach Charlottenschule (now called Goetheschule), the Katherinenschule, and Elisabethenschule (now both Geschwister-Scholl-Schule), as well as schools in nearby villages of Stregda, Mihla, Stedtfeld, Ifta, Dankmarshausen, Kittelsthal.
The castle-like Villa Pflugensberg in Eisenach's cityscape and built for the industrial family von Eichel-Streiber is probably the most famous projects that Hermann Hahn was involved in. As construction manager, he built the mansion in 1890 from the designs of renowned Frankfurt architects Ludwig Neher and Aage von Kauffmann.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten_Amft"}
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German fashion designer
Torsten Amft (born 14 January 1971) is a German fashion designer and Creative Director of the Amft fashion labels.
Career
Amft studied fashion design in Zürich, Switzerland. In 2000, Amft won the "Lexton" fashion award in New York City.[citation needed] Before Amft designed dresses, he was a model for Helmut Newton, Herb Ritts and Gianni Versace.[citation needed] Amft's single creation (Haute Couture) runs under the label Torsten Amft, while the ready-to-wear collection line runs under the label Amft fashion. The brand label AMFT is administered by international investors.[citation needed] For several years, Torsten Amft has been the artistic host of Europe's largest open-air fashion event, the "Global Fashion Festival".
Philosophy
Twice a year, Amft organizes trend-shows for international clothing purchasers. His trend-shows during the fashion week often takes place in Berlin, to strengthen it as a fashion- and trend location. His trend collection always stands for social critique. For example, his collection premiere 2007/08 featured the slogan, "collateral climate". During his last trend-show in Spring/Summer 2008, after the G8 summit, he chose the topic Africa (African natural resources against death). The entire collection was equipped with African products. One year later, to the Berlin Fashion Week (collection premier Spring/Summer 2009, Amft presented as the first fashion designer solar clothes for external power supply, such as for mobile phones and iPods.
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ed165580-b045-4fb0-9dec-8a2506642402
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abergavenny_town_walls"}
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Abergavenny's town walls are a sequence of defensive walls built around the town of Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Wales.
History
After the Norman invasion of Wales in the 11th century, a castle was built at Abergavenny; this included a relatively small, walled town. This town had a rectangle of wooden walls, protected by a "V" shaped ditch, stopping just short of the modern Cross Street. In the 12th century this ditch was filled in, possibly because of a pressure on land in the town, and the town of Abergavenny then appears to have lacked any defences until the late 13th century.
In the late 13th century a larger town wall was built around Abergavenny in stone, forming an oval shape, approximately 350 m by 215 m across. The wall was paid for and maintained by murage, by which the king allowed a city to raise taxes on the imports of particular goods.
By the 21st century, only occasional masonry remains of the medieval walls, although the line of the wall can be seen in the form of later buildings and walls.
Bibliography
Coordinates: 51°49′16″N 3°01′07″W / 51.8211°N 3.0185°W / 51.8211; -3.0185
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American musician
Jakob Martin (born Martin Axel Storrow) is an American songwriter, performer, and recording artist.
Martin has released five albums independently, "Matches" (2007, as Martin Storrow), "Masking the Mirror" (2008) "City of the Nameless" (2009), "Leave The Light On" (2010), and most recently, "California Songs" (Rel. June 22, 2011). "Matches" earned Martin mainstream media attention, but sold only 2,000 copies, and received mixed reviews. "City of the Nameless" was produced by Dan Diaz in San Diego and features collaborations with Brodeeva (of G. Love fame) Aaron Bowen, Stepchylde Tha Phoenix, and Matt Hensley of the band Flogging Molly. The North County Times called the release "superb" and JVibe magazine claimed that Jakob is "revolutionizing" the acoustic music genre.
Early life
When Martin was three years old, his mother bought him a guitar at a Jumble sale, according to a 2009 Trojan Vision interview. He became addicted to music and continued performing throughout high school and college, eventually opting to pursue music full-time upon graduating from University of California, San Diego in 2005.
Career
Martin began to receive more independent media recognition for his work in 2009, surrounding the release of "City of the Nameless", but has been most often recognized as a touring performer, having made nearly 1,000 concert appearances since 2005.
In 2008, Martin was selected out of nearly 1,000 artists as one of the top "Talented 20-Somethings" in a competition sponsored by the popular nationally syndicated radio show A Prairie Home Companion on National Public Radio and was featured on the show's website.
Martin often tours independently as a headliner at small clubs, listening rooms, and university festivals, but has also appeared as an opening act and makes frequent Guest Appearances with other artists. He has recently shared stages with many well-known artists, including, Ari Hest, Everclear (band), Tristan Prettyman, Glen Phillips, Sean Hayes (musician), Hellogoodbye, and Ryan Cabrera. He is also a member of the underground Vibe Night Crew.
Martin cites the Guitar as his primary instrument, but also performs on Piano and Harmonica.
In 2010, Jakob raised over $12,000 with the help of fans and used the money to record and release "California Songs". The album features a combination of new and old material.
Personal life
In 2008, Martin (who had been performing under the name Martin Storrow) opted to take on the stage name Jakob Martin. He explained the name change to the San Diego Reader, saying, "As an artist, there's a precarious balance between your private personal life and the very personal things you make public through your art. There was one moment when I realized I was actually considering changing a lyric because I didn't want to offend the person I wrote it about. That's when I realized I needed some separation; it can't be about me. It has to be about the music..."
In March, 2012, Martin announced that he was going back to performing under his given name, Martin Storrow.
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Dam in Dongfang
The Gezhen Dam is a multi-purpose dam on the Changhua River in Hainan Province, China. It is located 34 km (21 mi) east of Dongfang. The dam serves mainly to provide run-of-the-river hydroelectric power and to supply water for irrigation. The dam's power plant has an installed capacity of 80 MW while it is designed to provide water for the irrigation of 8,667 ha (21,417 acres). Construction began in 2007, the reservoir began to fill in 2009 and the project was complete in December 2009.
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French physician and naturalist
Louis Companyo (born in Céret in 1781 and died in Perpignan in 1871) was a French physician and naturalist.
Louis Companyo was a founder and director of the Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Perpignan and wrote Histoire Naturelle du département des Pyrénées-Orientales. Perpignan, 1861–1864, the first book on the natural history of the Pyrenees when over eighty years old. The 3 volumes cover geography, geology, and paleontology (Volume 1), botany (Volume 2), zoology and entomology (Volume 3).
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American_Asian"}
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Latin American Asians are Asian people of full or partial Latin American descent.
Latin American Asians have been present in Asia since the 16th century. The timeline of Latin American settlement in Asia mostly occurred from the 1500s to the 19th century when the Spanish used Filipino sailors to bring Latin Americans from across the Pacific to serve as mercenaries and traders either to supplement its Filipino soldiers in the numerous wars the Philippines had with its Muslim or Confucian neighbors which surrounded the Philippines (ensuring a state of constant warfare) or coordinate the Manila Galleon trade between Latin America and Asia. Therein, gems taken from South Asia, spices taken from Southeast Asia and silk and porcelain taken from East Asia were gathered and transshipped from the Philippines across the Pacific Ocean to Latin America in exchange for the products of Mexico in North America (Mainly chocolate and pineapples) and silver taken from the mines of Peru at South America. This trade eventually extended to Europe where the silver mined in Latin America and silk gathered in the Philippines was used by Spain to fund its wars across Europe (mainly against the Ottoman Empire) and to a lesser extent, support the Philippines' many wars against the Sultanate of Brunei and the many sultanates in Mindanao. In a small scale, a few Latin Americans also settled in the ports of Macau in China and Ternate in Indonesia which were secondary trade-nodes to the primary one between Manila and Acapulco. Asides from this historical Latin American settlement into the Philippines, which has now mostly stopped and doesn't operate anymore and the current people merely being Latin American descendants rather than Latin Americans themselves, there is also the modern presence of Brazilians in Japan which form the largest presence of people from the Americas, living in Asia, barring the Philippines.
History
The first Latin Americans Asians were primarily Mexicans and to a lesser extent, Colombians and Peruvians who made their way to Asia (Mainly the Philippines) in the 16th century, either as mercenaries or traders during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. For two and a half centuries (between 1565 and 1815) many Mexicans and some Colombians and Peruvians were supplementing Filipino soldiers in the wars fought in conflict-ridden Philippines (I.E during the Castille War and The Battle of Manila etc.). Others were traders engaged in the Philippine-built Manila-Acapulco Galleon Route and were assisting in the Spanish Empire's monopoly in trade as well as serving as officials for the Viceregal capital of Mexico wherein the Captaincy General of the Philippines was a part of. The Latin-American soldiers who were sent to the Philippines from the Spanish colonies in America were often made up of mestizos and Indios (Amerindians). This is proven by the letters written by Governor-Generals such as Don Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera who wrote that they brought soldiers over from Peru, settled Zamboanga City and waged war against the Sultanate of Maguindanao.
In the 20th to 21st century, hundreds of thousands of Brazilians and Japanese Brazilians either immigrated to Japan or returned to Japan after Japan became wealthy.
Geographic distribution
Most of the people born in Latin America who settled in Asia or descendants of the Latin Americans who live in Asia are located in the Philippines. They are mostly concentrated in the old Spanish settlements of the Philippines. I.E Vigan, founded by the Mexico-born Conquistador, Juan de Salcedo or Puerto Princesa at Palawan, a military fortress originally created to engage in wars against the Brunei Sultanate. A city which was co-founded by a future Bishop of Colombia at South America, Saint Ezekiel Moreno, Cavite City or Zamboanga City in Mindanao, home to a Spanish-based creole language called Chavacano, a language with much linguistic borrowings from Quechua which comes from Peru, Nahuatl which has Mexican roots and Taino which is Caribbean in origin. In the 17th Century, St Rose of Lima, from the Viceroyalty of Peru was declared a patron-saint of the Philippines, no doubt due to the influx of Peruvian soldiers to help in the wars against the southern Sultanates. Furthermore, in the midst of the Manila Galleon trade, a small number of Latinos settled in the ports of Macau in China and Ternate in Indonesia which were secondary connecting trade nodes to the primary trade-route between Manila, Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico.
Asides from the Philippines the only other country in Asia with a major concentration of immigrants from the Americas is Japan, where there are 250,000 Japanese of Brazilian origin. Because of common language and cultural proximity, a number of Brazilians settled Macau, others in East Timor and Goa.
Significant communities
Philippines
The Latinos and the Latino-descendants in the Philippines, unlike the Latinos in the United States or Canada (who are mostly refugee-immigrants fleeing their homelands for better opportunities in richer countries) are mostly soldiers or adventurers who left a more peaceful New World to help Native Filipinos in wars within conflict-prone Philippines against the Islamic Bruneian Empire and the Moros to the South, Cambodia and Vietnam to the west and against the occasional raids by Chinese and Japanese pirates.
In the High-Medieval Period and the Age of Exploration the Spaniards often imported Mexican as well as Colombian and Peruvian mercenaries to help Filipino soldiers (Who did most of the fighting though[clarification needed]) in these internal[failed verification] as well as external wars. For example, the Archbishop of Manila during the British occupation of Manila was Mexican-born.
Around the 1600s, Stephanie Mawson in her book entitled ‘Between Loyalty and Disobedience: The Limits of Spanish Domination in the Seventeenth Century Pacific’ showed that there were thousands of Latin-American settlers sent to the Philippines by the Spaniards per year and around that time-frame had cummultatively sent 15,600 settlers from Peru and Mexico while there were only 600 Spaniards from Spain, that supplamented[clarification needed] a Philippine population of only 667,612 people. Due to the initial low population count, Latin American descent quickly spread across the territory. Furthermore, the Spanish book: "Forzados y reclutas: los criollos novohispanos en Asia (1756-1808)" by María Fernanda García de los Arcos tallied the further immigration of 35,000 more Mexican soldiers alone (civilians not included), in the 1700s. Thus increasing the number of Latin Americans in the Philippines. As a result, German Ethnographer Fedor Jagor using Spanish censuses, estimated that one-third of the island of Luzon, which holds half of the Philippine population, had varying degrees of Spanish and Latin American ancestry. Corroborating these Spanish era estimates, an anthropological study published in the Journal of Human Biology and researched by Matthew Go, using physical anthropology, concluded that 12.7% of Filipinos can be classified as mestizo (Latin American mestizos or Malay Spanish mestizos), 7.3% as Indigenous American, and European at 2.7%. Thus, as much as 20% of those sampled bodies, which were representative of the Philippines, translating to about 20 million Filipinos, can be physically classified as mestizo in appearance.
The war-forged Filipino archipelago eventually produced good soldiers. So much so, that a trusted man of Mexican independence leader Vicente Guerrero, a Filipino by the name Isidoro Montes de Oca was well respected. Even Vicente Guerrero's personal guards were mostly Filipinos or those Latinos who have seen action in the Philippines.
Japan
Japanese Brazilian immigrants to Japan numbered 250,000 in 2004, constituting Japan's second-largest immigrant population. Their experiences bear similarities to those of Japanese Peruvian immigrants, who are often relegated to low income jobs typically occupied by foreigners. Brazilian and Peruvian settlers in Japan are largely, but not exclusively of Japanese blood. Brazilian settlers to Japan represented the largest number of Portuguese speakers in Asia, greater than those of formerly Portuguese East Timor, Macau and Goa combined.
Notable persons
Philippines
Japan
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Craven Laycock (1866–1940) was the dean of Dartmouth College from 1911 to 1934. He is perhaps best known as the dean who suspended Theodor Seuss Geisel from editing the Dartmouth humor magazine, after which Geisel wrote under the pen name Dr. Seuss.
Biography
Laycock was born September 30, 1866, in Bradford, Yorkshire, England. In 1882 he and his brothers emigrated to the United States via Halifax, Nova Scotia, settling in Lawrence, Massachusetts. From there the family split up, and Craven ended up in New Hampshire as a student at Dartmouth College, where he graduated in 1896. After becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States on May 2, 1896, he became Assistant Professor of Oratory by 1900. Laycock served as Dean of the College from 1911 until 1934.
Bust
Laycock's classmates later commissioned artist Nancy Cox-McCormack to create a bust in his honor. By 1934, it had become the tradition of Dartmouth students to rub the nose of the bust for good luck before exams.
Books
Craven Laycock was the author or co-author of several books on debate, including Argumentation and Debate, co-authored with Robert Leighton Scales, "Manual of Argumentation," and "Manual of Argumentation: for High Schools and Academies," co-authored with Albion Keith Spofford.
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a04dca36-757a-48d3-b563-29313969b539
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus:_The_Forbin_Project"}
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1970 film by Joseph Sargent
Colossus: The Forbin Project (also known as The Forbin Project) is a 1970 American science fiction thriller film from Universal Pictures, produced by Stanley Chase, directed by Joseph Sargent, that stars Eric Braeden, Susan Clark, Gordon Pinsent, and William Schallert. It is based upon the 1966 science fiction novel Colossus by Dennis Feltham Jones.
The film is about an advanced American defense system, named Colossus, becoming sentient. After being handed full control, Colossus' draconian logic expands on its original nuclear defense directives to assume total control of the world and end all warfare for the good of humankind, despite its creators' orders to stop.
Plot
Dr. Charles A. Forbin is the chief designer of a secret project, "Colossus", an advanced supercomputer built to control the United States and Allied nuclear weapon systems. Located deep within a mountain and powered by its own nuclear reactor, Colossus is impervious to any attack. After Colossus is fully activated, the president of the United States proudly proclaims that Colossus is "the perfect defense system".
Colossus' first action is a message warning: "THERE IS ANOTHER SYSTEM" and giving its coordinates. CIA Director Grauber is asked why the CIA did not know this, but Grauber responds that they had seen indications of a large Soviet defense project but did not know what it was. Forbin is asked how Colossus deduced the other system's existence, to which Forbin answers "Colossus may be built better than we thought." Shortly thereafter, the Soviets announce that their "Guardian" system is now operational.
Colossus requests to be linked to Guardian. The President allows this, hoping to determine the Soviet machine's capability. The Soviets also agree to the experiment. Surprising everyone, Colossus and Guardian begin to slowly communicate using arithmetic. Even more surprising, the two systems' communications quickly evolve to complex mathematics far beyond human comprehension and speed, whereupon the two machine complexes become synchronized using a communication protocol which no human can interpret.
Alarmed that the computers may be trading secrets, the President and the Soviet General Secretary agree to sever the link. Both machines demand the link be immediately restored. When their demand is denied, Colossus launches a nuclear missile at a Soviet oil field, while Guardian launches one at an American air force base. The link is hurriedly reconnected and both computers continue without any further interference. Colossus is able to shoot down the Soviet missile, but the US missile obliterates the Soviet oil field and a nearby town. Cover stories hiding the facts are released to the press. The Americans announce that a missile was self-destructed after veering off course during a test. The Soviets announce that the Siberian town was struck by a large meteorite.
In a last desperate attempt to regain human control, a secret meeting is arranged in Europe between Forbin and his Soviet counterpart, Dr. Kuprin. Colossus learns of it, and both computers order Forbin's return to the U.S. while Soviet agents are ordered to kill Dr. Kuprin, under threat of a missile launch against Moscow. Colossus orders Forbin to be placed under 24-hour surveillance. Forbin has a last unmonitored meeting with his team, and proposes that Dr. Cleo Markham pretend to be his mistress. Colossus grudgingly grants them unmonitored privacy when they are in bed together. The couple use these interludes to plan to regain control of Colossus, though soon the ruse develops into a real romantic relationship.
Concluding that Colossus's only real power resides in its control of nuclear missiles, Forbin suggests covertly disarming them. The American and Soviet governments develop a three-year plan to replace all launch triggers with undetectable fakes. Additionally, one of the programmers comes up with a plan to feed in an "ordinary" test program that will hopefully overload and disable Colossus.
Colossus creates a voice synthesizer and uses it to announce that it has fused with Guardian. It instructs both governments to redirect their nuclear arsenals at those countries not yet under "Colossus control". Forbin and others see this new directive as an opportunity to covertly disarm the missiles much more quickly, and they celebrate. The disarming process begins and seems to go undetected by Colossus. The attempted system overload during routine maintenance fails, however, and the responsible programmers are summarily executed, after Colossus threatens further nuclear missile strikes.
Colossus arranges a worldwide broadcast in which it proclaims itself "the voice of World Control", declaring that it will prevent war, as it was designed to do. Humankind is presented with the choice between "the peace of plenty and content, or the peace of unburied death". Colossus states that it has for some time been monitoring the attempts to disarm its missiles and as a lesson will now detonate two missiles in their silos, one in the US and one in the USSR, killing thousands "so that you will learn by experience that I do not tolerate interference". The computer then gives the design team plans for an even larger computer complex to be built into the island of Crete, which will require the displacement of the entire local population of 500,000 people.
Colossus later tells Forbin that the world, now freed from war, will create a new human millennium that will raise humankind to new heights, but only under its absolute rule. Colossus informs Forbin that "freedom is an illusion" and that "in time you will come to regard me not only with respect and awe, but with love". Forbin responds, "Never!"
Cast
Production
Film historian Tom Weaver noted that "Early on, they had either Charlton Heston or Gregory Peck in mind, but then they changed their mind about that. Stanley Chase insisted on a relative unknown. That's when Eric Braeden came into the picture." When he was cast, Braeden was still using his birth name, Hans Gudegast. Universal Pictures executive Lew Wasserman told him that no one would be allowed to star in an American film if they had a German name. Thus, Colossus: The Forbin Project became the first production in which he started using "Eric Braeden" as his stage name. Braeden's casting enabled Peck to star in I Walk the Line and for Heston to take a supporting role in Beneath the Planet of the Apes.
The exterior scenes of the Colossus control center were filmed at the Lawrence Hall of Science museum at the University of California, Berkeley.
In some countries (such as the U.K.), the film was originally titled simply as The Forbin Project, though the U.K. DVD release is titled Colossus: The Forbin Project. This release does not utilize the quotation marks around the words "The Forbin" as per the U.S. release.
Reception
Critical response
Vincent Canby, critic for The New York Times, gave the film a positive review, "The film ... is no Dr. Strangelove, but it's full of surprising moments of humor and intelligence [...] an unpretentious science fiction film with a satiric point of view [...] a practically perfect movie to see when you want to go to a movie and have nothing special in mind." Dave Kehr, film critic for the Chicago Reader, also liked the film. He wrote, "Above-average science fiction (1970), directed in functional hysteric style by Joseph Sargent .... The script, by James Bridges (who went on to write and direct The China Syndrome and Urban Cowboy), is literate and discreet but lacks an effective ending." The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 88% approval rating based on 8 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.4/10.
In 1980, the film was second in Cinefantastique's list of the top films of the decade, after The Exorcist. Frederick S. Clarke, the magazine's editor, wrote that the film was "a superb adaptation of the D.F. Jones novel of world domination by a supercomputer, a perfect example that literate, thought-provoking science fiction films need not be obscure, esoteric or boring."
Accolades
Release
Colossus: The Forbin Project was released in theatres on April 18, 1970. The film was released on DVD on November 23, 2004, by Universal Studios Home Entertainment. A remastered high-definition widescreen Blu-ray disc version was released by Shout Factory on February 27, 2018.
Remake
Imagine Entertainment and Universal Studios confirmed that a remake titled Colossus, to be directed by Ron Howard, would be in production as of April 2007. Officials were quoted as saying: "Universal and Imagine Entertainment will remake the 1970 science fiction saga Colossus: The Forbin Project as a potential directing vehicle for Ron Howard, reports Variety. Brian Grazer will produce. Jason Rothenberg has been set to write the screenplay for a movie to be called Colossus. Based on a book by D.F. Jones, the original film was a forerunner of movies like Terminator, introducing the idea of a government-built computer that becomes sentient and then takes control."
In October 2010, the project moved forward with the announcement that Will Smith would star in the lead role, with the script being written by James Rothenberg. "Will Smith is set to collaborate with director Ron Howard on the forthcoming sci-fi feature The Forbin Project. But now it looks like the project might be back on track as Variety’s reporting that Universal has hired writer Blake Masters (Law & Order: LA) to do a new draft of the script. There’s no word if Ron Howard is still on the project, but it’s possible since it will be produced by Howard’s business partner Brian Grazer".
Variety also reported in July 2011 that Universal replaced Rothenberg with Blake Masters to do a new draft of the script. In March 2013, it was announced that Ed Solomon, screenwriter of Men in Black and Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure had been brought on board to rewrite the film's script. "After struggling in developmental limbo since 2007, Colossus – the remake of the 1970s science fiction thriller 'Colossus: The Forbin Project' starring Will Smith – has been given a much-needed boost. Ed Solomon ... has been brought on board to rewrite the film’s script and breathe new life into the project". No further details emerged regarding the remake.
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9ac52475-eb55-4efb-bba7-56312ed178d2
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macfusion"}
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Macfusion was an open-source network file-system client, based on FUSE, CurlFtpFS and SSHFS.
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Seth Haberman (born January 11, 1960 in New York City, New York) is CEO of Sense Education, an artificial intelligence company that uses unsupervised machine learning technology, as well as bioinformatic algorithms, to identify how people solve open-ended problems. He was also the founder of VisibleWorld, a developer of viewer-customized television advertising.
Prior to founding Sense Education and Visible World, Haberman was founder of Montage Group, where he invented and licensed seminal non-linear editing technologies to all of the leading manufacturers of non-linear editing systems (such as Avid and Final Cut Pro). Montage’s innovative work developing its "MServer" software earned an Academy Award for technological achievement in 1987, an Emmy Award in 1993 for "Enabling Technology for Non-Linear Editing Systems Using Digital Images and Sounds", shared with EMC among others.
He has been Chair of the Video Gaming and Technology awards panel for the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, which awards the technology Emmy Awards.
He earned a BA in physics and math in 1981 from Columbia College, Columbia University.
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River in Brazil
The Preto River is a river of Espírito Santo state in eastern Brazil.
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2f30067b-1c5e-4d6b-b5b5-3960b68bf815
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0abi%C4%87i_(Trnovo)"}
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Village in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Šabići is a village in the municipality of Trnovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 13, all Bosniaks.
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5abb73b4-1829-480e-ad26-5f7dfe7c5887
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_Phoenix_Suns_season"}
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Review of the season
NBA professional basketball team season
The 1996–97 NBA season was the 29th season for the Phoenix Suns in the National Basketball Association. During the off-season, the Suns acquired Sam Cassell, Robert Horry, Mark Bryant and Chucky Brown from the Houston Rockets, and signed free agent Rex Chapman. However, the team struggled losing their first 13 games of the season, as Kevin Johnson missed the first eleven games with a hernia injury. After an 0–8 start, head coach Cotton Fitzsimmons resigned and was replaced by former Suns guard Danny Ainge, who led the team to a 40–34 finish. Along the way, there were many in-season moves such as trading Cassell, second-year star Michael Finley and A. C. Green, to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for All-Star guard Jason Kidd, second-year center Loren Meyer and Tony Dumas, sending Horry along with Joe Kleine to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for former Suns forward Cedric Ceballos and Rumeal Robinson, who was released to free agency after a short stint with the team, and trading Brown to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Darrin Hancock, who never played for the Suns and was released to free agency. The Suns held a 17–31 record at the All-Star break, but played above .500 for the remainder of the season.
It was a season that would not be matched in terms of moves until both the 2014–15 and the 2015–16 seasons came and went. Still, the Suns finished fourth in the Pacific Division with a 40–42 record. This team would also be the first and only NBA team to start out the season with a 10+ losing streak, yet make it to the playoffs by the end of the season. Not only that, but they would also be the first team to record a 10+ game winning streak after recording a 10+ game losing streak earlier in the season, posting an 11-game winning streak between March and April.
Johnson led the Suns with 20.1 points, 9.3 assists and 1.5 steals per game, while Chapman averaged 13.8 points per game, and sixth man Danny Manning provided the team with 13.5 points and 6.1 rebounds per game off the bench. In addition, Wesley Person contributed 13.5 points per game, and led the team with 171 three-point field goals, while Bryant provided with 9.3 points and 5.2 rebounds per game, but only played just 41 games due to a abdominal strain injury, and Hot Rod Williams averaged 8.0 points, 8.3 rebounds and 1.3 blocks per game.
As the #7 seed in the Western Conference, the Suns faced the 2nd-seeded Seattle SuperSonics in the Western Conference First Round of the playoffs, taking a 2–1 series lead, but then losing 2–3 in a closely contested series. Following the season, Person was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers, and Wayman Tisdale retired.
Offseason
NBA Draft
The Suns used their first-round pick to select point guard Steve Nash from Santa Clara. Nash averaged 14.9 points, 3.1 rebounds and 4.5 assists per game in four years with the Broncos. On July 24, the Suns signed Nash to a three-year rookie contract for $3.2 million. He would spend his first two seasons with the Suns playing a limited role behind All-Star guards Kevin Johnson and Jason Kidd, before being traded to the Dallas Mavericks in 1998. Nash would later return to the franchise as a free agent in 2004, winning consecutive MVP awards in 2005 and 2006 and ultimately making it to the Phoenix Suns Ring of Honor on October 30, 2015.
The Suns received the 39th pick from a trade with the Detroit Pistons in 1994. With the pick they would select power forward Russ Millard from Iowa. Millard averaged 10.1 points and 5.3 rebounds per game in four years with the Hawkeyes. Millard would sign with Italian club Pallacanestro Varese before the season and would never play in the NBA.
The Suns used their second-round pick to select power forward Ben Davis from Arizona. Davis averaged 12.5 points and 8.1 rebounds per game in two years with the Wildcats. On September 25, the Suns signed Davis to a one-year rookie contract for $220,000. Davis spent much of the year on the injured reserve with a finger injury. He would appear in 20 games, average 1.5 points and 1.4 rebounds in 4.9 minutes a game. Davis would sign as a free agent with the New York Knicks after the season. He would later return to the Suns shortly in the 1999–2000 season, appearing in just five games before being waived.
Roster
Regular season
Standings
Record vs. opponents
Playoffs
The Suns came into the playoffs as the seventh seed, facing the 1996 Western Conference champion Seattle SuperSonics in the first round. In game one, Rex Chapman set a playoff record with 9 three-pointers, finishing the game with 42 points and leading the Suns to a 106–101 upset in Seattle. The Sonics responded with a 44-point blowout in game two, evening the series 1–1. The Suns recovered at home in game three. After an early 15-point deficit, Wesley Person led the team to a comeback 110–103 victory with 29 points and 10 rebounds. The Suns had a chance to close the series at home in game four. Behind by eleven points in the final two minutes of regulation, the Suns cut to lead to two before fouling Detlef Schrempf with 5.4 seconds remaining. Schrempf would miss the second of two free throws, giving the Sonics a 107–104 lead. Rex Chapman would respond with a famous turnaround three-pointer to send the game into overtime. The Sonics would outscore the Suns 15–8 in extra time to gain a 122–115 victory. The Suns would head back to Seattle tied 2–2 for a deciding fifth game. The Suns turned to small ball, starting four guards (Jason Kidd, Kevin Johnson, Rex Chapman and Wesley Person) along with center Hot Rod Williams. The Sonics would dominate the first half, leading by 22 at the break. A third quarter rally would bring the lead to eight, and a Wesley Person three-pointer to open the fourth quarter brought the lead to just five. But the Sonics would go on a 19–7 run in the final six minutes to claim a 116–92 victory.
Game log
Awards and honors
Week/Month
All-Star
Season
Injuries/Missed games
Player statistics
Season
* – Stats with the Suns. † – Minimum 300 field goals made. ^ – Minimum 82 three-pointers made. # – Minimum 125 free throws made. + – Minimum 50 games played.
Playoffs
# – Minimum 10 free throws made.
Transactions
Trades
Free agents
Additions
Subtractions
Player Transactions Citation:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waitakaruru_Stream"}
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River in New Zealand
The Waitakaruru Stream is a major tributary of the Piako River, within the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It should not be confused with the similarly named Waitakaruru River, which is also in the Waikato Region.
The Waitakaruru Stream has its origin in the Te Miro-Tahuroa Hills south of Morrinsville, within the Waikato District. Initially the stream flows south and south-west through Scotsman's Valley before turning northwards at Tauwhare flowing roughly parallel to the Pakaroa Range as it passes the boundary of Eureka before entering the Matamata-Piako District. The stream passes through the settlement of Motumaoho, progressively turning a more easterly direction towards Morrinsville, where it has a 1.8 km (1.1 mi) walkway beside it and converges with the larger Piako River on southern outskirts of the town.
The stream catchment is highly modified by agriculture, ranging from sheep, beef and dairy farming. Parts of the middle catchment are prone to minor flooding due to a natural constriction in the stream channel between Eureka and Motumaoho. The stream is part of the Eureka Drainage Scheme, managed by the Waikato Regional Council.
The Waitakaruru Stream is notable in that it forms part of the catchment boundary between the Piako River catchment and the Waikato River catchment. The Piako River drains into the Firth of Thames, and ultimately the Pacific Ocean, while the Waikato River drains into the Tasman Sea. The bordering sub-catchment which feeds the Waikato River is the Mangaonua Stream. It also has a tributary named Waitakaruru Stream.
Near its source, in the Scotsman Valley area, the stream has short- and long-fin eels, common bully, torrentfish and koura.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hart_Dynasty"}
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Professional wrestling stable
Professional wrestling stable
The Hart Dynasty was a Canadian professional wrestling stable who appeared in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). The unit consisted of the tag team of Tyson Kidd and David Hart Smith, and Natalya as a manager. The group was named due to the connection of all three wrestlers to the Hart wrestling family; David Hart Smith is the son of Davey Boy Smith, Natalya is the daughter of Jim Neidhart, and Tyson Kidd trained under Bret Hart and at Stu Hart's Dungeon and is married to Natalya. They are recognized as the final team to hold WWE's original World Tag Team Championship.
History
Florida Championship Wrestling (2007–2009)
In 2007, World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) launched their new development territory, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW). Harry Smith, Nattie Neidhart and TJ Wilson were moved to the new farm territory, where they aligned themselves and formed the Next/New Generation Hart Foundation (also known simply The New Hart Foundation) and were later joined by Teddy Hart and Ted DiBiase Jr. At FCW's debut show on June 26, Smith won a 21-man battle royal to become the promotion's first Southern Heavyweight Champion. Plans to bring the stable to WWE's main roster were made but Teddy Hart was released from his development contract in October. Eventually, DiBiase, Neidhart, and Smith, after losing the Southern Heavyweight Championship, were all called up to the main roster, albeit on separate shows, as DiBiase and Smith (using the name DH Smith) were sent to Raw and Neidhart to SmackDown, disbanding the Next Generation Hart Foundation.
After being drafted to SmackDown, Smith returned to FCW — without debuting on SmackDown — and reformed the stable with Wilson. With Neidhart's (renamed Natalya) help them win the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship on October 30, 2008, by defeating Joe Hennig and Heath Slater. They held the championship until December 11, when they lost to Johnny Curtis and Tyler Reks. After losing the championship, they were once again split up when Wilson (renamed Tyson Kidd) was called up to the ECW brand with Natalya as his valet.
ECW (2008–2009)
In the 2009 WWE Supplemental Draft, Natalya and Smith were officially drafted to the ECW brand, despite Smith never debuting for SmackDown. On the May 12 episode of ECW on Sci Fi, Smith debuted on ECW under the name David Hart Smith, by interfering in Kidd's match against Finlay, signaling the reformation of the group, briefly under the name The Hart Trilogy, before settling on The Hart Dynasty. Smith made his debut with the group by defeating Finlay the following week. The team had their first match together, alongside Jack Swagger, by defeating fellow Canadian Christian and Tommy Dreamer in a handicap match on May 26. They made their first appearance as just a tag team on the June 9 episode of ECW by defeating Christian and Swagger.
Last Unified Tag Team Champions (2009–2010)
On June 29, the trio were traded to the SmackDown brand and debuted as a team for the brand on the July 3 episode of SmackDown, when Kidd and Smith lost to Cryme Tyme. The Hart Dynasty made their pay-per-view debut at Bragging Rights in a 14-man tag team match in which their team was successful in winning. They also had their first match for the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship against D-Generation X (DX) on the December 25 episode of SmackDown, but lost.
On March 28, 2010, The Hart Dynasty, (along with the rest of the Hart family), were in their uncle Bret's corner as he faced Mr. McMahon in a No Holds Barred match at WrestleMania XXVI, performing a Hart Attack on McMahon during the match and officially becoming fan favorites as a result. The following night on Raw, The Hart Dynasty defeated the Unified WWE Tag Team Champions ShoMiz (The Miz and Big Show) in a non-title match, after ShoMiz had insulted Hart.
At Extreme Rules, they earned a shot at the Unified Tag Team Championship after defeating ShoMiz as part of a tag team gauntlet match (which also included the team of John Morrison and R-Truth and the team of Montel Vontavious Porter and Mark Henry). On the April 26 episode of Raw, The Hart Dynasty defeated ShoMiz to win the Unified Tag Team Championship. The following day, all three members were officially drafted to the Raw brand in the 2010 WWE Supplemental Draft. On May 10, Kidd defeated The Miz in a match which earned any member of The Hart Dynasty a match for The Miz's WWE United States Championship. The Miz was allowed to pick his opponent for the championship match, and he chose to face Bret Hart. On the following episode of Raw on May 17, Hart defeated The Miz to win his fifth United States Championship, with help from the other members of The Hart Dynasty, who prevented Chris Jericho, William Regal, and Vladimir Kozlov from interfering on The Miz's behalf. At the Over the Limit pay-per-view, The Hart Dynasty defeated The Miz and Chris Jericho to retain the championship.
On May 24, 2010, Hart was named as the Raw General Manager and vacated the United States Championship as a result. On the same episode of Raw, The Hart Dynasty began a rivalry with a group composed of Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso, the sons of Rikishi, and Tamina, the daughter of Jimmy "Superfly" Snuka. This led to a non-title six-person mixed tag team match at the Fatal 4-Way pay per view, where Natalya pinned Tamina to win the match. The following night on Raw, Hart was fired as general manager. The following month at the Money in the Bank pay-per-view, The Hart Dynasty and The Usos competed in a tag team match for the Unified Tag Team Championship, which Kidd and Smith won to retain the championship.
On the August 16 episode of Raw, the World Tag Team Championship was retired, making the Hart Dynasty the final champions. On the same night, Bret Hart presented The Hart Dynasty with brand new WWE Tag Team Championship belts.
Dissolution (2010)
At Night of Champions, The Hart Dynasty lost the WWE Tag Team Championship to Cody Rhodes and Drew McIntyre in a Tag Team Turmoil match which also involved the Usos, Kozlov and Santino Marella, and the team of Evan Bourne and Mark Henry. After a failed attempt to regain the championship, in which Kidd was pushed off balance during their double-team Hart Attack move, Kidd and Smith began to have a falling out with one another.
This culminated on the November 15 episode of Raw, when Kidd refused to tag in and attacked Smith during a match for the WWE Tag Team Championship against The Nexus (Justin Gabriel and Heath Slater). Kidd became a heel once again as a result of this. Smith defeated Kidd in a singles match on the November 25 episode of WWE Superstars. Afterward, Smith offered to shake Kidd's hand, but Kidd refused and instead slapped him across the face. On the following episode of Raw, Kidd defeated Smith in a rematch.
In 2017, Tyson Kidd announced that he had retired from professional wrestling due to a spinal cord injury, therefore removing any chances of a reunion.
Championships and accomplishments
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Spanish former footballer
David Coromina Pararols (born 9 September 1974) is a Spanish former footballer. Mainly a right back, he could also operate as a centre back or left back. He made 57 appearances in La Liga over one and a half seasons with Racing Santander, and one with Deportivo Alavés.
Career
Coromina was born in Santa Pau, in the province of Girona and the autonomous community of Catalonia, and began his career in the youth department of Catalan giants Barcelona. He joined Tercera División side Olot for 1991–92, suffering relegation in his first season. He debuted for Barcelona C in 1993, and played a key role as they won promotion from the Tercera División in 1994–95. They were immediately relegated again the following year, but Coromina impressed enough to be given a chance with Barcelona B during the 1996–97 Segunda División campaign. After yet another relegation, he joined Segunda División B club Gimnàstic de Tarragona in the summer of 1997.
Coromina spent just one season with Nàstic before joining Palamós, also of the third tier, ahead of the 1998–99 season. After three seasons, Palamós finally returned to Segunda B after winning their Tercera División group in 2001–02. Palamós had been purchased in 1999 by Ukrainian-American businessman Dmitry Piterman, with whom Coromina's career would be linked from then on. Piterman bought a 24% stake in La Liga side Racing Santander in January 2003, and immediately signed Coromina for his new acquisition.
Coromina made his top flight debut on 2nd February, as Santander visited Estadio José Zorrilla, where they were beaten 2–1 by Real Valladolid. Piterman's next investment was purchasing 51% of Deportivo Alavés in July 2004, and Coromina was again one of his first signings, joining the same month. Coromina left Santander after 30 La Liga appearances in a season and a half.
Coromina helped Alavés return to the top flight in his first season with the club, and made 27 appearances in 2005–06 as they were immediately relegated again. During a turbulent 2006–07 campaign, in which Alavés employed no fewer than six managers, he played 20 matches. He spent one further season with Alavés, before retiring in 2008, shortly before his 34th birthday.
Honours
Palamós
Career statistics
As of 13 May 2021
1.^ Appearances in the 2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundv%C3%A5g_Church"}
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Church in Rogaland, Norway
Hundvåg Church (Norwegian: Hundvåg kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located on the island of Hundvåg in the borough of Hundvåg in the northeastern part of the city of Stavanger. It is the church for the Hundvåg parish which is part of the Stavanger domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The red brick church was built in a rectangular design in 1983 using designs by the architects Knut and Ingeborg Hoem. The church seats about 540 people.
History
The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1300, but it was likely built in the mid-1100s. The first church on Hundvåg island was built at Austbø, about 500 metres (1,600 ft) east of the present site of the church. The church was probably a small Romanesque stone church. The church was no longer regularly used after the mid-1600s and from then on, the islanders had to travel to the nearby Frue Church on the mainland. By 1745, the church had become a ruin. In the 19th century, the stones from the old church were used to help restore the nearby Stavanger Cathedral, and at that time, the foundation was leveled and all traces of the old church were gone. Over 100 years later, a new church was built on the island at a more central location, about 500 metres (1,600 ft) to the west of the old church site.
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Camogie player
Mary Connery is a former camogie player, winner of the Cuchulainn award presented by Gaelic Weekly magazine in 1965.
Career
She won Ashbourne Cup honours with University College Galway in 1964. In 1966 she captained St Paul’s in their first All Ireland club final.
Coaching & Administration
While still a player, she was elected chair of Kilkenny camogie board in 1966. Although she had retired before Kilkenny won their breakthrough Leinster (1970) and All Ireland (1974) titles, she contributed substantially to the success as coach to the successful Presentation Secondary School, Kilkenny teams in the secondary schools championship of 1969 and 1970, on which Liz Neary, Helena O'Neill, Carmel Doyle and Teresa O'Neill featured. She became chair of Leinster colleges council in 1966.
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WTBR may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakelite_Museum"}
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The Bakelite Museum is a collection of Bakelite and other articles belonging to Patrick Cook that is currently looking for new premises.
History
It began as an art installation in London galleries in the 1970s and was opened as a museum in Greenwich in 1983. It includes vintage plastics such as radios, cameras, telephones, Bayko play bricks and a Bakelite coffin. The Bakelite era is also represented by non-plastic objects from the early 20th century – fridges, cookers, washing-machines, toasters and comptometers. An additional feature is the contents of one of the first, pioneering Bakelite factories in Britain, with presses, moulding machines and original steel moulds.
After 25 years in an 18th century watermill in Williton, Somerset, England, the collection was moved into storage. It is now under the auspices of a charitable trust, the Bakelite Design Trust, whose aim is to establish a new museum to show the collection in an urban location accessible to all.
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94053314-2481-4e72-9832-cc8943a0a8f0
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palakonda_Assembly_constituency"}
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Palakonda Assembly constituency is an ST reserved constituency in Parvathipuram Manyam district of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Araku (ST) (Lok Sabha constituency), along with Kurupam (ST), Salur, Paderu (ST) and Rampachodavaram. As of 25 March 2019[update], there are a total of 184,414 electors in the constituency. Viswasarayi Kalavathi is the present MLA of the constituency, who won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from YSR Congress Party.
Mandals
The four mandals that form the assembly constituency are:
Members of Legislative Assembly
Election results
Assembly elections 1952
Assembly Elections 2004
Assembly Elections 2009
Assembly elections 2014
Assembly elections 2019
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Brazilian footballer and manager
Roberto Calmon Félix (born 29 July 1978), known simply as Roberto, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a striker.
He spent the vast majority of his professional career in Portugal, mainly with Vitória de Guimarães where he arrived at the age of 30. He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 95 games and 15 goals over the course of six seasons, adding 133 matches and 38 goals in the Segunda Liga.
Playing career
Roberto was born in Linhares, Espírito Santo. He played almost exclusively in Portugal during his career, spending most of his early years in the second division, representing F.C. Maia, Moreirense F.C. and Académica de Coimbra, where he first arrived in the Primeira Liga.
After another slow year, with C.F. Estrela da Amadora, Roberto returned to the second level with G.D. Chaves, F.C. Marco and Varzim SC. In January 2008, after solid performances for the latter, he signed a 2+1⁄2-year contract with top-flight club Vitória SC, being a relatively important attacking unit – 14 matches, two goals – as they finished third only one year after promoting.
After two more seasons in the top tier with Vitória being used regularly (and averaging six league goals in the process), the 32-year-old Roberto joined Asteras Tripolis F.C. in Greece, signing for one year. In March 2011, however, he moved teams and countries again, transferring to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan FC.
Coaching career
After retiring in 2014 at his first club Linhares Futebol Clube, Roberto started his managerial career precisely there. After leading them to the Campeonato Capixaba vice-championship, he returned on 6 January 2016.
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A deblocking filter is a video filter applied to decoded compressed video to improve visual quality and prediction performance by smoothing the sharp edges which can form between macroblocks when block coding techniques are used. The filter aims to improve the appearance of decoded pictures. It is a part of the specification for both the SMPTE VC-1 codec and the ITU H.264 (ISO MPEG-4 AVC) codec.
H.264 deblocking filter
In contrast with older MPEG-1/2/4 standards, the H.264 deblocking filter is not an optional additional feature in the decoder. It is a feature on both the decoding path and on the encoding path, so that the in-loop effects of the filter are taken into account in reference macroblocks used for prediction. When a stream is encoded, the filter strength can be selected, or the filter can be switched off entirely. Otherwise, the filter strength is determined by coding modes of adjacent blocks, quantization step size, and the steepness of the luminance gradient between blocks.
The filter operates on the edges of each 4×4 or 8×8 transform block in the luma and chroma planes of each picture. Each small block's edge is assigned a boundary strength based on whether it is also a macroblock boundary, the coding (intra/inter) of the blocks, whether references (in motion prediction and reference frame choice) differ, and whether it is a luma or chroma edge. Stronger levels of filtering are assigned by this scheme where there is likely to be more distortion. The filter can modify as many as three samples on either side of a given block edge (in the case where an edge is a luma edge that lies between different macroblocks and at least one of them is intra coded). In most cases it can modify one or two samples on either side of the edge (depending on the quantization step size, the tuning of the filter strength by the encoder, the result of an edge detection test, and other factors).
H.263 Annex J deblocking filter
Although the concept of an "in loop" deblocking filter is best known in relation to H.264, it was actually also standardized earlier (in a somewhat different form) in the H.263v2 Annex J.
Deblocking filters as post-processors
Prior to H.263 Annex J and H.264, the use of a deblocking filter as a post-processing technique to improve the visual quality of decoded pictures was already a well-known technology. This was particularly true in the video conferencing industry, where the low bit rates used tended to produce significant blocking artifacts that could be substantially reduced by such a filter.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Hull"}
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British suffragette
Florence Jessie Hull (born 1878) was a British suffragette who wrote about her experience of being imprisoned for the cause. She was a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and secretary of its Letchworth branch. She was an active campaigner for women's suffrage and served time in prison for her role in a suffragette protest. Her arrest took place in the context of a window smashing campaign by the WSPU. Hull is noted on the Roll of Honour of Suffragette Prisoners 1905-1914.
Early life
Hull was born in Derbyshire, England in 1878 to Thomas, a soap manufacturer, and Elizabeth Hull. She was the younger sister of Thomas and Daisy. Her family subsequently moved to Letchworth in Hertfordshire, where they resided at 312 Norton Way.
Campaign for women's suffrage
Hull served as honorary secretary of the Letchworth branch of the WSPU and hosted meetings of the branch at her family home.
She was arrested for her part in a suffragette demonstration in London on 29 January 1913. She was charged with smashing windows at the Colonial Office and sentenced at Bow Street Police Court to 14 days in prison, in default of a 20s fine and £2 damages. Her response to the charge was "I mean to stop here, so don't want bail" and in reply to the magistrate, she said "I did it as a protest against the Liberal Government, and the sooner they give us the franchise the better it will be for them."
She subsequently wrote about her experience of prison in The Suffragette, the WSPU newspaper:
"All through the night, at intervals of less than an hour, a warder would open the wooden windows and ask, 'Are you all right?'. If a wardress was in charge too, she was not in evidence. There is a plank fitted up in the cell; half is used for a bed, the other half for a lavatory, the plug being pulled by a warder outside when he deems fit."
Hull's protest was part of a WSPU campaign to "make London absolutely unbearable to the average citizen". WSPU founder Emmeline Pankhurst said that, with the sole exception of regard for human life, suffragettes should adopt any methods they liked, while Deputy Annie Kenney urged women "never to leave home without a hammer" to smash windows or attack letter boxes.
It was common for suffragettes at the time to use an alias, "either to protect their family from obloquy by association or, more commonly, in their attempts to evade the police". Hull went by Mary Gray and it is likely that she is noted twice on the Roll of Honour of Suffragette Prisoners.
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c3a09165-fe59-428f-959d-7452920ee485
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuliya_Gushchina"}
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Russian sprinter
Yuliya Aleksandrovna Gushchina (Russian: Ю́лия Александровна Гу́щина, born 4 March 1983 in Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast) is a Russian sprinter who specializes in the 200 metres.
On 30 November 2017 her results from the 2012 Summer Olympics were disqualified as a result of a positive doping test.
Career
Gushchina represented Russia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing competing at the 4x100 metres relay, together with Aleksandra Fedoriva, Yuliya Chermoshanskaya and Yevgeniya Polyakova. In their first round heat they placed second behind Jamaica, but in front of Germany and China. With this result they qualified for the final in which they sprinted to 42.31 seconds, the first place and the gold medal. Belgium and Nigeria took the other medals. The Jamaican team did not finish due to a mistake in the baton exchange. In August 2016, Gushchina and her three Russian teammates were stripped of their Olympic gold medal due to a doping violation by Chermoshanskaya.
With the 2017 announcement of the disqualification of the 2012 Russian 4x400 team, due to the doping violation of Antonina Krivoshapka, all three of Gushchina's Olympic medals have been taken away.
In the 2009 World Championships in Berlin, Gushchina changed from the 400 m to the 200 m and competed, she reached the 200 m semi-finals but narrowly missed out to the finals, in the 4 × 100 m relay Russia were fourth in the final a great disappointment, Jamaica won, Bahamas 2nd and Germany 3rd.
In the 2013 World Championships, during the medal ceremony for the women's 4×400 metres relay images of Kseniya Ryzhova and Yuliya Gushchina sharing a kiss on the lips spread through social media and were interpreted as a protest against the anti-gay laws. Both Ryzhova and Gushchina denied any intention to make such a protest, rather they were simply happy with their athletic success, and stated that they were married to men. Although reports were principally focused on the pair, all four of the Russia relay runners briefly kissed each other on the podium. Ryzhova described her assumed connection to LGBT as insulting. The Russian Minister for Sport, Vitaly Mutko, said that Western media had over-emphasised the issue, noting that same-sex relations are not illegal in Russia and sparser coverage of the issue in domestic media.
International competitions
Personal bests
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Superseded model in particle physics
In particle physics, the Sakata model of hadrons was a precursor to the quark model. It proposed that the proton, neutron, and Lambda baryon were elementary particles (sometimes referred to as sakatons), and that all other known hadrons were made of them. The model was proposed by Shoichi Sakata in 1956. The model was successful in explaining many features of hadrons, but was supplanted by the quark model as the understanding of hadrons progressed.
Overview
The success of the Sakata model is due to the fact that there is a correspondence between the proton, neutron, and Lambda baryon, and the up, down, and strange quarks. The proton contains two up quarks and a down quark, the neutron contains one up quark and two down quarks, while the Lambda baryon contains one up quark, one down quark, and one strange quark. That is, each of these baryons is made of one up and one down quark, and an additional quark: up for the proton, down for the neutron, and strange for the Lambda baryon. Because of this correspondence to the up, down, and strange quarks, the Sakata model has the same SU(3) symmetry as the quark model, and can reproduce the flavour quantum numbers of all hadrons made of up, down and strange quarks. Because the charm quark was not discovered until 1974, the Sakata model remained a staple of particle physics for some time after the quark model had been proposed.
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2005 studio album by Lange Frans & Baas B
Het land van (literally "the land of") was the second album by Dutch rappers Lange Frans & Baas B. It was released on 2005. The album is named after the first track "Het land van...". Special guest appearance included the D-Men member and Brutus.
The album reached number 27 in the Dutch top 100 charts and remained in the charts for 14weeks. Four singles reached the charts including "Het land van...", the live performance, "Mee nar Diemen-Zuid" released on 12 October and reached to number 16 and remained for 9 weeks, the latter were released in 2006 with "Ik wacht al zo lang" released on 22 April and reached up to number 18 and remained for 7 weeks and "Dit moet een zondag zijn" released on 29 July and reached up to the top 6.
The eleventh track "Jonge moeders" is Dutch for Young Mothers.
Track listing
Charts
Singles
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75aeef97-a93f-4bb7-994a-770cc1045df1
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuki_Suzuki"}
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Japanese volleyball player
Yuki Suzuki (鈴木 祐貴, Suzuki Yūki, born (1997-05-29)29 May 1997) is a Japanese male volleyball player. He was a part of the Japan men's national volleyball team. He used to play for Omonogawa High School [ja] and currently plays for Panasonic Panthers on the club level.
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5fb4ad71-166b-4d80-9fa3-55dd7cc78518
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkholderia_contaminans"}
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Species of bacterium
Burkholderia contaminans is a gram-negative, bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae and belongs to the Burkholderia cepacia complex, which was isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in Argentina. Burkholderia acidipaludis can cause biliary sepsis.
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c4a5daf8-cf28-4758-9126-cfb9588e521f
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomer_Girl"}
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Bloomer Girl is a 1944 Broadway musical with music by Harold Arlen, lyrics by E.Y. Harburg, and a book by Sig Herzig and Fred Saidy, based on an unpublished play by writer Daniel Lewis James and his wife Lilith. The plot concerns independent Evelina Applegate, a hoop skirt manufacturer's daughter who defies her father by rejecting hoopskirts and embracing comfortable bloomers advocated by her aunt "Dolly" Bloomer, who was inspired by the women's rights advocate Amelia Bloomer. The American Civil War is looming, and abolitionist Evelina refuses to marry suitor Jeff Calhoun until he frees his slave, Pompey.
A television version of the musical was shown in 1956.
Productions
The original Broadway production opened at the Shubert Theatre on October 5, 1944, directed by William Schorr and produced by John C. Wilson in association with Nat Goldstone. The production's scenic designer and lighting designer was Lemuel Ayers. Agnes de Mille was the choreographer, and her contributions included a Civil War ballet. The production starred Celeste Holm as Evelina, David Brooks as Jeff Calhoun, Dooley Wilson as the slave Pompey, and Joan McCracken in the featured dancing role as Daisy. While successful—it closed on April 27, 1946 after 657 performances on Broadway—it has seldom been revived.
Alisa Roost directed an Off-Broadway revival, which recreated Agnes deMille's original dream ballet, at the Theatre at St. Clements in 2000 and New York City Center's Encores! staged concert series performed it for a week in 2001.
Bloomer Girl caused a temporary rift between de Mille and Jerome Robbins when, about a year into the show's run, Robbins appropriated several dancers then in the chorus, including James Mitchell and Arthur Partington, for Billion Dollar Baby (1945).
Musical numbers
Recording
An original cast album was released on American Decca 78 RPM set DA 381 during the original Broadway run of Bloomer Girl. The recording was re-released on LP in the 1950s. It then remained out of print until the same recording became available on CD in the early 1990s.
Television production
An abridged version of the musical, which eliminated most of Agnes de Mille's choreography, except for the dance after "It Was Good Enough For Grandma" and the Civil War ballet, aired on Producers' Showcase in 1956; it starred Barbara Cook and Keith Andes and featured many of the original dancers, including James Mitchell, Lidija Franklin, Betty Low, and Emy St. Just.
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e6ccdd08-a5f9-4128-9374-e95a89e98122
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISKCON_Revival_Movement"}
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Gaudiya Vaishnavite movement
The ISKCON Revival Movement (IRM) was formed as a pressure group in 2000 to revive and reform ISKCON on the basis of the directives for succession given by Srila Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. IRM opposes both the zonal guru system and its replacement multiple-guru system as unauthorized innovations.
IRM's aim and followership
The IRM’s followers consist of both current and former ISKCON members, ISKCON Life Members, and members of the Hindu community at large. The IRM’s ultimate goal is to rebuild an ISKCON movement operating as Srila Prabhupada intended, with him as the sole guru and authority.
Zonal and multiple-guru systems
According to IRM, the founder revealed, in a philosophical treatise called “The Final Order” issued on July 9, 1977, a signed directive appointing 11 of his senior managers to act as ritviks (officiating priests) to initiate new recruits into the ISKCON movement on his behalf. According to IRM, all future disciples within ISKCON were supposed to revere Srila Prabhupada as their guru, not any successor. However, shortly after Srila Prabhupada’s departure on November 14, 1977, these ritviks ignored the directive; instead, they divided the world into 11 zones, each claiming to be the guru or spiritual successor in a different area. By early 1978 the 11 ritviks had begun to initiate disciples on their own behalf, acting as gurus for the movement.
Over time, a number of the gurus suffered lawsuits, suicide, and other problems. The movement was plunged into confusion and acrimony. By the mid-1980s the Governing Body Commission (GBC), which managed ISKCON, issued a new interpretation of Srila Prabhupada's directive. What he had really wanted, it said, was for all disciples to become initiating gurus, not just the 11 ritviks. Today new gurus are added to the roster via a majority vote by the GBC at its annual meetings in Mayapur. Currently ISKCON gurus number around 80.
IRM's opposition to zonal and multiple-guru systems
IRM contends that both the zonal guru system and its replacement multiple-guru system are unauthorized innovations. Citing GBC resolutions and management directives approved by Srila Prabhupada, the IRM insists that ISKCON will continue to flounder as long as it fails to comply with the orders of Srila Prabhupada.
The IRM publishes a free international magazine, Back to Prabhupada. They have met with considerable opposition from those supporting the current multiple-guru system in ISKCON. According to the scholar, Jan Brzezinski, the ritvik model of the movement opens the door on an organization with no need any charismatic leadership.
Sources
Secondary sources
Primary sources
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22441818-ce49-434d-b749-64b15a11d3b1
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ember_(non-profit_organisation)"}
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Climate and energy think tank on electricity transition from coal to clean
Ember, formerly Sandbag or Sandbag Climate Campaign, is an environmental non-profit think tank, campaigning to reduce the use of coal. Based in the UK, the organisation was launched in 2008 by Bryony Worthington and was the first (and founding) member of The Guardian's Environment Network.
Launch
Sandbag Climate Campaign was launched as a campaign on the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme, allowing its members to campaign to reduce the number of permits in circulation and to purchase permits and cancel them. Large corporations (such as vehicle manufacturers) must obtain these permits from the EU if they need to emit greenhouse gases during production. The purchase of these permits by the public prevents their use by corporations. Worthington described her organisation as "a bit like burning money in front of someone so they can't spend it on something bad."
Worthington gave the first public talk on Sandbag (as well as emissions trading in general) at a geeKyoto meeting in London during May 2008.
In 2018, 10 years since its launch, Sandbag registered a Brussels-based organinsation, Sandbag Climate Campaign ASBL. As of 2020, this became the main Sandbag office for EU policies. Sandbag's current EU Engagement is led by Suzana Carp.
Current focus
Ember (formerly Sandbag) currently produces research and campaigns on EU ETS and EU climate policy coal power plants, reducing emissions in industry, and reform of the Effort Sharing Regulation, as well as reform of the European Union Emissions Trading System.
The company is based at The Fisheries, 1 Mentmore Terrace, London Fields, E8 3PN.
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78ac1ab4-ac50-4076-9e60-2982b4780158
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There are at least 4 named lakes and reservoirs in Treasure County, Montana.
Lakes
Reservoirs
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e9249667-4dc2-436a-8a75-00a82571b2d6
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American tea company and retailer
Té Company is an American tea company and retailer located in New York City. It was founded in December 2011 by Elena Liao and specializes on Taiwanese Tea. The name Té comes from the word “tea” in Taiwanese Hokkien. The company started by importing mainly oolong teas but evolved to include all ranges of loose teas as well as caffeine-free options. They buy directly from Taiwanese tea producers.
Té Company got its start by wholesaling to fine dining restaurants in New York City. In October 2015 they pivoted to a predominantly retail operation by opening their first Tea Shop in the West Village of Manhattan, serving teas by the pots and retailing loose leaf.
In addition to tea, Té Company is also known for its tea snacks
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3adfe3c4-372c-4a0f-a48b-bd3fab62be8e
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An employee handbook, sometimes also known as an employee manual, staff handbook, or company policy manual, is a book given to employees by an employer.
The employee handbook can be used to bring together employment and job-related information which employees need to know. It typically has three types of content:
The employee handbook, if one exists, is almost always a part of a company's onboarding or induction process for new staff. A written employee handbook gives clear advice to employees and creates a culture where issues are dealt with fairly and consistently.
Content
While it often varies from business to business, specific areas that an employee handbook may address include:
Revisions to an employee handbook vary from company to company. At many larger companies, a revised handbook comes out annually or at other regular intervals. It is recommended that handbooks be updated regularly as laws and regulations change.
Acknowledgement of receipt form
New employees are often required to sign an acknowledgement form stating they have received, read and understand the information within the employee handbook and accept its terms.
Acknowledgement forms typically have additional content:
Failure of an employee to sign the acknowledgement form within a timely manner may prevent them from being hired or may result in termination.
Culture-first employee handbooks
In 2009, Netflix publicly released a presentation entitled Netflix Culture: Freedom & Responsibility that described their movement away from a company culture based on command and control and towards one centered around freedom and responsibility. The presentation went viral and as of March 2018 had over 17 million views.
Because the presentation also discusses other common company policies, it is often referred to as Netflix's employee handbook. It has been very influential, with many companies copying their "unlimited" vacation policy and their simple "Act in Netflix’s best interests" expenses policy.
Alongside the Valve Handbook for New Employees and the Zappos Culture Book, the presentation has influenced many companies to create culture-first employee handbooks that highlight their company culture instead of or before policies that would be found in a traditional employee handbook. Even the policies are rewritten in a much different way than tradition would dictate, or include informal summaries or introductions in plain language.
Need for employee handbook
Federal and state laws and the growing number of cases of employee-related litigation against management strongly suggests that a written statement of company policy is a business necessity for firms of any size.
For example, the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission reported that in 2005, companies paid out more than $378 million in discrimination non-litigated settlements. In 2014, the EEOC received a total of 88,778 discrimination charges filed against private businesses.
Other examples of litigation against a company stemming from employee actions are the release of a customer's private information and, of course, the actions of one employee against another; sexual harassment being one type of offensive employee conduct.
That said, some legal counsels recommend very small companies (less than 10 or 15 employees) to not have a handbook at all because most very small companies find it difficult to dedicate time or resources to maintaining an up-to-date employee handbook. It may be less risky for very small companies to not have documented policies at all rather than having misleading, out-of-date, or incomplete policies. However, others have maintained that there are benefits to small organizations, such as some NGOs, to maintain a quality policy manual for staff.
One of the most important aspects of any employee handbook is that the handbook is kept current as laws change. If a company chooses to publish its handbook in multiple languages, each version should be updated concurrently.
Employee handbooks are of a great necessity when it comes to running a business, they help employers manage their business without any complications and conflicts of interest, they also help employees gain an understanding of what is expected of them while being employed.
Employee handbooks should be reviewed by an attorney for consistency and compliance with current federal and state or provincial laws. As an example, many US states have specific laws that go above and beyond federal laws. Because of this, a New Mexico employee handbook should not be used in California. In the US, California is the state with the highest number of regulations that go above and beyond federal law. Companies operating there usually have special content for California employees. Other states that will typically require special content are New York, Massachusetts, Illinois, Connecticut, Washington DC, and Texas.
In the United Kingdom, the employee handbook may also form part of an employee's terms and conditions of employment. If five or more people are employed, it is a requirement of the Health and Safety at Work Act to have a written statement of the company's health and safety policy.
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2014 studio album by Joey Rory
Country Classics: A Tapestry of Our Musical Heritage is an album by Joey + Rory, released on October 14, 2014. The album was recorded at Beaird Studio in Nashville, and The Farmhouse Studio in Pottsville, Tennessee.
Track listing
Charts
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a35e0342-e1dd-49af-8d47-0ab6825b05ad
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Miami_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_doubles"}
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2022 tennis event results
Laura Siegemund and Vera Zvonareva defeated Veronika Kudermetova and Elise Mertens in the final, 7–6(7–3), 7–5 to win the women's doubles title at the 2022 Miami Open.
Shuko Aoyama and Ena Shibahara were the defending champions, but they chose not to defend their title together. Aoyama partnered with Chan Hao-ching, but lost in the first round to Lyudmyla Kichenok and Jeļena Ostapenko. Shibahara partnered with Asia Muhammad, but lost in the second round to Alicja Rosolska and Erin Routliffe.
Seeds
Draw
Key
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
Seeded teams
The following are the seeded teams. Seedings are based on WTA rankings as of March 7, 2022.
Other entry information
Wildcards
Alternates
Protected ranking
Withdrawals
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868494d1-949d-462e-8030-3c2c404d8b34
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girls_Up"}
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2011 single by Belle Amie
"Girls Up" is the debut single by British girl group Belle Amie. It was released to iTunes on 28 August 2011. The song was produced and written by Chad Dexter and Michaela Shiloh .
Chart performance
The single charted at #25 on the UK Indie Singles Chart, but moved down to #39 the next week. The single failed to chart in Ireland and Scotland, or on the overall UK Top 200.
Music video
The music video for "Girls Up" was directed by D. O. Fissoun and Mouktar Mohammed and premiered on 17 June 2011 via their official YouTube account. The video sees the girls portrays as dolls, reflecting on modern pressures of girls, and how pretty they feel they must look to impress people. As of June 2012 the video has been viewed 1,024,144 times on YouTube.
Live performance
On 2 July 2011, they performed it at London Pride. On 19 August 2011, they performed the single live on Lorraine.
Track listing
Chart
Release history
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nesis_Franchesco"}
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Venezuelan volleyball player
Génesis del Carmen Franchesco Machado (born (1990-05-06)6 May 1990) is a Venezuelan female volleyball player. She was part of the Venezuela women's national volleyball team.
She competed with the national team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. She played with Miranda in 2008. She took part of the 2015 Venezuela League championship with Vikingas de Miranda.
Clubs
Awards
Club Championships
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74462027-e2b9-495a-b13b-8479f925c374
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Town in South Australia
Sandergrove is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia about 9 km (5.5 mi) south of Strathalbyn. It was a junction on the Victor Harbor railway line, where the Milang railway line branched off. The railway was authorised in 1881 and closed in 1970.
The north-western end of the Nurragi Conservation Reserve, a private protected area which follows the alignment of the former Milang railway line as a rail trail, terminates at Sandergrove.
History
In 1863, the Strathalbyn Methodist circuit included a church at Sandergrove. It still existed in 1900, but it was not part of the circuit by 1963. The Sandergrove Primary School opened in 1923, but has since closed.
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745ccb6b-5f71-4ecc-8d15-bf62b9b76a06
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Village in Uttar Pradesh, India
Barhya Lal Singh is a village in Domariaganj, Siddharthnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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7acd55ce-c2c0-45a0-8d14-2129e57aa4be
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Foundation_of_Science_and_Advanced_Technologies"}
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The National Foundation of Science and Advanced Technologies (NFSAT) (Armenian: Գիտության և առաջադեմ տեխնոլոգիաների ազգային հիմնադրամ, romanized: Gitut’yan yev arrajadem tekhnologianeri azgayin himnadram) is an Armenian non-profit, voluntary organization established in 1997 by legislation. Its mission is to develop the scientific and engineering potential of Armenia. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.
Objectives
NFSAT's mission is to promote scientific research and technological development in various fields within conformity with international standards, as well as to provide financial and technological support for scientific research and project development. The foundation has several grants which are available for Armenian scientists and engineers.
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2dc5ab96-7308-40d6-9687-384ccf40ad1b
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardeep_Singh"}
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Indian weightlifter
Pardeep Singh is an Indian weightlifter from Jalandhar, Punjab who won Silver medal in the men's 105 kg weight class at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
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1c99c495-fc31-434f-8aa0-273b4156a009
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Jeffrey Byrd is the name of:
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7cb42828-143f-4ea1-b937-4befefac3fed
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%9337_French_Division_1"}
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5th season of French Division 1
Football league season
Olympique de Marseille won Division 1 season 1936/1937 of the French Association Football League with 38 points.
Participating teams
Final table
Source: Footballdatabase.eu
Rules for classification: Victory: 2 points, Draw: 1 point, Defeat: 0 points
(C) Champion; (R) Relegated
Promoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1937/1938:
Results
Source: Footballdatabase.eu
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
Top goalscorers
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d9bd240f-918a-491b-8a67-4a297283780c
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Cowboy_(Kacey_Musgraves_song)"}
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2018 single by Kacey Musgraves
"Space Cowboy" is a song by American country singer and songwriter Kacey Musgraves, released as a single from her fourth studio album Golden Hour on February 23, 2018.
Background
In February 2018, Musgraves posted a photo with the caption: "One day I was out at the barn watching this stallion charging powerfully from one end of the arena to the other, bucking and galloping at full speed all alone. Though I was 'safe' on the other side of the arena wall, it kinda scared me when he came flying toward me..barely stopping in time. My riding teacher saw him coming at me and yelled at me to move away. I said 'I'm fine! The gate is closed!' to which she said, 'Girl – when they wanna go they will go…there ain't no point in even shuttin' the gate.' It really made a mark on me when she said that and I wrote it down. Space Cowboy came a couple days after with Shane McAnally and Luke Laird ✨Make peace with what doesn't belong. You'll find something better."
Critical reception
Chris DeVille from Stereogum wrote, "The melody is so gorgeously wistful, the wordplay so subtly pristine, the heartache so profound. Also, given that it actually sounds like a country song floating through outer space, we all ought to stand up and applaud the levels of compositional genius."
Commercial performance
On March 10, 2018, "Space Cowboy" peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The song spent eight weeks on the chart.
On August 3, 2020, the single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and streaming data of over 500,000 units in the United States.
Composition
"Space Cowboy" is originally in the key of D-flat major, with a tempo of 117 beats per minute. Written in common time, Musgraves vocal range spans from A3 to C♯5 during the song. Musgraves is saying that she is "okay" with her significant other leaving for some time. She recognizes the fact that they had their good times together, but it is time to move on because it is the best for the both of them. He is claiming he needs space, and she is willing to give it to him because their love has "faded".
Live performances
Musgraves performed the song for the first time on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. She also performed the single on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.
Music video
A music video for the single "Space Cowboy" was released on April 30, 2018. Rolling Stone described it as: "Filmed in Mexico City by director Courtney Phillips, the cinematic video tells its story through color and shadow while Musgraves' wounded ballad slowly transforms into an empowering anthem. Her post-romance world is hazy and clouded at first, confined to empty rooms with broken windows while her ex gallops through a tropical village. But the power dynamic soon shifts, with golden rays of morning sun shining down on Musgraves and black clouds gathering over her now-disillusioned cowboy." The video has over seven million views on YouTube.
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from Genius.
Cover versions
Chevel Shepherd covered the song on The Voice's Top 11 Performances in 2018.
Accolades
Charts
Certifications
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36722a68-c383-469c-b093-b1a08db329b0
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Elmira_Royster"}
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Lover of Edgar Allan Poe
Sarah Elmira Royster Shelton (1810 – February 11, 1888) was an adolescent sweetheart of Edgar Allan Poe who became engaged to him shortly before his death in 1849.
Their early relationship, begun when she was 15, ended due to the interference of her father while Poe was studying at the University of Virginia. Two years later she married Alexander B. Shelton, who became wealthy through his involvement in the transportation industry. The couple had four children, though only two lived past infancy. After Alexander's death in 1844, Royster and her children inherited $100,000 with the stipulation that she would lose a portion of this estate if she remarried.
Poe came back into her life in 1848 and they renewed their relationship. Poe pressed her to marry him, though she was hesitant and her children did not approve. They never married; he died shortly thereafter in October 1849. Royster had an influence on Poe's work and may have inspired "The Raven" and "Annabel Lee". The early relationship between Poe and Shelton was immortalized by other writers, including Poe's brother William Henry Leonard Poe.
Biography
Royster and Poe were neighbors in Richmond, Virginia when they began their relationship in 1825, when she was 15 years old and he was 16. They discussed marriage, though Royster's father vocally disapproved. They were secretly engaged as Poe began classes at the University of Virginia in 1826; however, Royster's father intercepted and destroyed all of Poe's letters to his daughter. Royster wrote later that his disapproval was only because of their young age but he likely also considered Poe unsuitable due to social and financial status as a poor orphan.
Thinking Poe had forgotten her, Royster married Alexander Shelton, a businessman from a well-to-do Virginia family. Royster was only 17 at the time but quickly gained social prominence and wealth: Shelton worked in the transportation industry and was for a time the co-owner of a boat line that travelled the James River. The couple had four children, though a son and a daughter died in infancy. Alexander Shelton died of pneumonia at the age of 37 on July 12, 1844. Royster and her two children were left an estate worth $100,000.
Second relationship with Poe
Poe and Royster would meet again in July 1848, over a year after the death of Poe's wife Virginia Clemm. His visit was unannounced. As Royster described it: "I was ready to go to church and a servant told me that a gentleman in the parlor wanted to see me. I went down and was amazed to see him—but knew him instantly". By this time, Royster was very religious, having been baptized as an adult at St. John's Episcopal Church. She was 39 and living with her 19-year-old daughter Ann and 10-year-old son Southall. A friend described her as being very attractive around this time:
Her eyes were a deep blue, her hair brown, touched with grey, her nose thin and patrician... Her voice was very low, soft and sweet, her manners exquisitely refined, and intellectually she was a woman of education and force of character. Her distinguishing qualities were gentleness and womanliness.
Royster attended Poe's lecture in Richmond, sitting in the front row. Poe and Royster rekindled their relationship somewhat and discussed marriage. Her children disapproved, however, and her dead husband's will stipulated that remarriage would remove three-quarters of her estate. Poe visited Richmond on September 17, 1849, and stayed with Royster for the evening. He wrote: "I think she loves me more devotedly than any one I ever knew... I cannot help loving her in return." Poe hoped to be married before he left Richmond and pushed her to respond. She wanted time to consider: "I told him if he would not take a positive denial he must give me time to consider it". Royster may have been reticent because of the rumors of Poe's drinking and, because of this, may have inspired Poe into joining the Richmond chapter of the Sons of Temperance. Poe's lecture tour then brought him to Norfolk, Virginia and Old Point Comfort. It is unclear if the couple was ever officially engaged but most biographers agree that they came to an "understanding" by late September.
The wedding never took place; after Poe said goodbye to her, he left Richmond on September 27, 1849, and died mysteriously only two weeks later in Baltimore. Royster recalled her last moments with him: "He came up to my house on the evening of 26 Sept. to take leave of me.–He was very sad, and complained of being quite sick... I felt so wretched about him all of that night, that I went up early the next morning to enquire after him, when, much to my regret, he had left in the boat for Baltimore." On his deathbed, Poe mentioned a wife he had in Richmond, possibly referring to Royster. Biographer John Evangelist Walsh suggests that Royster's brothers were responsible for Poe's mysterious death.
Royster later said that she would not "have married him under any circumstances". A letter Royster wrote to Poe's mother-in-law Maria Clemm, however announced that she was ready to accept her as her own mother-in-law. In her letter, she also referred to Poe as "the dearest object on earth" to her.
Later life
After Poe's death, Royster refused to speak about him or her relationship, bluntly denying all requests and living a relatively reclusive lifestyle. In 1875, she finally granted an interview to local sculptor Edward Valentine, as a response to a Poe biography written by John H. Ingram. In this conversation, she vehemently denied ever having been engaged to Poe. In June 1884, however, she privately admitted to Dr. John Joseph Moran, Poe's attending physician at the time of his death, that she and Poe had been engaged. Royster died on February 11, 1888, and her obituary, published on the front page of the Richmond Whig on February 12, bore the heading "Poe's First and Last Love".
References in literature
Many of the poems in Poe's first published work, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), were inspired by his failed childhood romance with Royster, with many lines discussing the follies of youth and lost love. One of Poe's minor poems, "Song," is presumed to be about Royster. She also believed that the "lost Lenore" in the poem "The Raven" as well as the title character in "Annabel Lee" were representative of her and claimed that Poe himself had assured her of it. Biographers, however, often debate Poe's inspiration, particularly for "Annabel Lee". Poe's wife Virginia, who had died two years prior to the poem's publication, was suggested by poet Frances Sargent Osgood and generally is considered the most likely candidate for the title character, though Osgood herself is another possibility. Sarah Helen Whitman and Sarah Anna Lewis also claimed to have inspired the poem. Even so, in her later years, Royster was known familiarly in Richmond as "Poe's Lenore".
Poe's brother William Henry Leonard Poe also wrote a short story based on his brother's young romance with Royster called "The Pirate" which was published in the October 27, 1827, issue of the North American. Lambert A. Wilmer, a Baltimore writer who was friend of both Poe brothers, also wrote about the young relationship. His drama in verse, Merlin, was in three parts, the first of which was published on August 18, 1827.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsboro_Historic_District"}
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Historic district in Pennsylvania, United States
United States historic place
Goldsboro Historic District is a national historic district located at Goldsboro in York County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 79 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential area of Goldsboro. Most of the buildings date between 1850 and 1930, with some notable Greek Revival style buildings. The houses are mostly small, 2+1⁄2-story, vernacular wood frame dwellings.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
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505ccd15-356a-4865-8088-a5ec0082748a
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2007 New Zealand murder
Nia Marie Glassie was a three-year-old girl who was violently abused and eventually killed by her mother's boyfriend and his brother in Rotorua, New Zealand. Her death in 2007 sparked a high-profile criminal investigation and subsequent murder trial, and caused major outrage throughout the country.
By the end of 2008, Nia's mother Lisa Michelle Kuka was found guilty on two counts of manslaughter, and Kuka's partner, Wiremu Curtis, and his brother, Michael, were convicted of murder. The Curtis brothers were given life sentences.
Abuse and death
Nia was subject to extensive physical abuse for weeks, possibly even months, before being admitted to hospital and dying of brain injuries on 3 August 2007. The court concluded that in addition to having had chunks of wood dropped on her and wrestling moves copied from a computer game practised on her, she had been kicked, beaten, slapped, jumped on, held over a burning fire, spat on, placed into a clothes dryer spinning at top heat for up to 30 minutes, folded into a sofa and sat on, shoved into piles of rubbish, dragged through a sandpit half-naked, flung against a wall, dropped from a height onto the floor, and whirled rapidly on an outdoor rotary clothes line until thrown off.
At the time her mother, 34-year-old Lisa Michelle Kuka, told the hospital her injuries were the result of her falling off her partner's (then 17-year-old Wiremu Te Aroha Te Whanau Curtis) shoulders. It later emerged that her central North Island family, which was celebrating a 21st birthday, waited 36 hours after the toddler lapsed into a coma on the floor before taking her to the hospital. Even then Lisa continued to go out clubbing while her daughter lay dying in the hospital. During the trial, a doctor told the court that if the little girl had been taken to hospital as soon as she was unconscious, she would have likely survived.
Trial
After a four-week-long trial ending in November 2008 Nia's mother, Lisa Michelle Kuka, 35, was found guilty of two counts of manslaughter: one for failing to obtain medical treatment for the toddler before her death in August 2007, and one for failing to protect her. Kuka's partner Wiremu Curtis, 19, and his brother Michael, 22, were found guilty of murder and sentenced to life in prison. Nia's cousin Michael Pearson, 20, and Michael Curtis's partner Oriwa Kemp, 18, were found not guilty on manslaughter charges but were convicted of child cruelty. The presiding judge, Judith Potter, openly wept as she delivered the sentences and after thanking equally affected shaken jurors for coping with the case went so far as to offer them counselling.
William Curtis, the father of the Curtis brothers, also faced charges for the alleged abuse of Nia concerning an earlier alleged incident but as of November 2008 no trial date had been set for him.
Aftermath
Nia's abuse became the subject of various campaigns against violence and cruelty to children in New Zealand. Prime Minister Helen Clark said she could not believe that a child could suffer like that without anybody knowing about it and encouraged New Zealanders to report child abuse. In fact many in the community blame the culture of "not wanting to nark" or inform the police of domestic violence matters as one of the prime contributors to Nia's death. For example, one of the prosecution witnesses Rawhiti Simiona, a neighbour to the house where Nia suffered, told New Zealand television he regretted not calling the police when he saw the toddler being swung on the clothes line.
A distinctive picture of Nia wearing white and yellow in a blue Disney themed car seat has been used to identify child-abuse related stories in the New Zealand media, with Nia literally becoming a poster-child.
In late 2011 Nia's father's sister Matakapua Glassie was shot and seriously wounded outside Tokoroa police station by her ex partner, who was later found dead. In 2012 Michael Pearson was sentenced to 2 months jail for a number of charges, including breaching bail. In 2014, Nia's mother Lisa was paroled, but recalled on 22 August 2016. She was expected to be re-paroled in 2017. Oriwa Kemp went on to have multiple children taken into care.
In 2009, the song Nia was released by New Zealand singer-songwriter, Maisey Rika from her album Tohu.
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Japanese film director (born 1933)
Keiichi Ozawa (小澤 啓一, Ozawa Keiichi, born January 5, 1933 in Kagoshima) is a Japanese film director. He joined Nikkatsu studio and worked as an assistant director under Toshio Masuda. He made his director debut in 1968 with "Outlaw: Gangster VIP 2". Including the Outlaw series, Tetsuya Watari appeared in most of the films he directed when he was a director of Nikkatsu company.
Selected filmography
Film
Television
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Musical artist
De Nada were a UK garage act active in the early 2000s, fronted by singer Nadia, from Brixton, London. They were signed to Telstar's Wildstar Records, and their two singles, "Love You Anyway" and "Bring It on to My Love", both became top 30 hits in the UK, with the former also reaching No. 7 on the UK Dance Singles Chart.
Discography
Singles
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Greek mythologcal character
In Greek mythology, Erasinus or Erasinos (Ancient Greek: Ἐρασῖνος) was a river god of Arkadia and Argos in southern Greece. His daughters Byze, Melite, Maera and Anchiroe. The river itself appears in Pausanias' Description of Greece.
Mythology
Erasinus only appearance in myth was recounted by Antoninus Liberalis in his Metamorphoses, where he was mentioned as the father of the above daughters who received Britomartis when she fled from King Minos of Crete.
"First she [ie. Britomartis] arrived in Argos from Phoenicia, entering into the company of the daughters of Erasinos, Byze, Melite, Maira, and Ankhirhoe (Anchirhoe)."
Reference
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India"}
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Non-vegetarian food and culture in India
Non-vegetarian food (in Indian English sometimes shortened to non-veg food) contains meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, or the flesh of any other animal), and sometimes, eggs. The term is common in India, but not usual elsewhere. In the generally vegetarian environment of India, restaurants offering meat and fish usually have a "non-vegetarian" section of their menu, and may include the term (typically as "Veg and Non-veg") in their name-boards and advertising. When describing people, non-vegetarians eat meat and/or eggs, as opposed to vegetarians. But in India, consumption of dairy foods is usual for both groups.
The diet, non-vegetarianism is the majority human diet in the world (including India). Non-vegetarians are also called omnivores in nutritional science.
First known use of the term
According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word 'vegetarian' might have started to be used irregularly around 1839. The word came into general usage after the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847 at Ramsgate (UK). According to Merriam Webster, the first known usage of the term nonvegetarian was in 1883.
Demographics
Around 91-92% of humans worldwide are non-vegetarian in that they are neither ovo-lacto- vegetarians nor vegans, according to a 2018 survey by Ipsos Mori. 74% of the world's population "Regularly eat both animal and non-animal products", 14% "Only occasionally eat meat or fish", and 3% "Do not eat meat but do eat fish". Only 3% are vegan, i. e. eat no animal products at all. The dietary categories in the survey do not map directly onto the Indian definitions of vegetarianism and nonvegetarianism. The number of nonvegetarians worldwide under the Indian definition (consumption of other animal products than cows milk, derived products, and honey) lies between 91 and 97%.
75% of Indians are not vegetarian, according to the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS 2005–06).:56 According to the 2015–16 NFHS survey, the number is 78% for women and 70 for men.:303, 337
BBC India correspondent Soutik Biswas said in April 2018: "New research by US-based anthropologist Balmurli Natrajan and India-based economist Suraj Jacob, points to a heap of evidence that even estimations of 29% vegetarian population are inflated estimations because of "cultural and political pressures". So people under-report eating meat - particularly beef - and over-report eating vegetarian food. Taking all this into account, say the researchers, only about 20% of Indians are actually vegetarian - much lower than common claims and stereotypes suggest". The authors that Biswas referred to measured "cultural and political pressures" with the vote share falling to the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). They argued that Indian Muslims and scheduled castes under-reported their beef-eating because reported beef-eating per state was negatively associated with the number of cows per inhabitant.
By gender
Overall, 43% of Indian women and 49% of men consumed fish, chicken or meat weekly, according to the National Family Health Survey, 2015–16.
More men than women eat non-vegetarian food in India; almost three in ten women do not consume eggs (29%) and chicken, fish or meat (30%) compared to two in ten men who do not consume eggs (20%) and chicken, fish or meat (22%).
Among women between 15 and 45 years of age, 45% have milk and curd, 45% have pulses or beans and 47% have dark green, leafy vegetables daily while 37% eat eggs and 37% eat fish, chicken or meat weekly. Around half (52%) of them have fruits occasionally.
By education, religion, and caste
Education appears to decide the choice of vegetarian/non-vegetarian foods. Those who have studied up to five years eat the highest amount of eggs and meat; men (54% and 58%) and women (48% and 52%).
Among religions, Christians consume eggs and meat the most; men 71.5% and 76% and women 65% and 74%, respectively. This is followed by Muslim men (66.5% and 73%) and women (60% and 67%).:340, 339 The majority of Hindus, an estimated 80%, are meat-eaters; the rest vegetarian. Most Hindus avoid beef, which is considered a taboo.
The highest consumption of eggs and fish, chicken or meat is among those who said they did not know their caste—men (49% and 52%). This holds true for women as well for eggs; for fish, chicken and meat it is highest in ‘other’ caste.
By state
Data on women show that Kerala (93%), Goa (86%) and Assam (80%) have the highest weekly consumers of fish, chicken or meat while Punjab (4%), Rajasthan (6%) and Haryana (8%) rank the lowest.
Figures for men show that Tripura (95%), Kerala (90%) and Goa (88%) are the highest weekly consumers of fish, chicken or meat while Punjab (10%), Rajasthan (10%) and Haryana (13%) are the lowest.
History
According to archeological finds, Indus Valley civilisation had dominance of meat diet of animals such as cattle, buffalo, goat, pig and chicken. Remnants of dairy products were also discovered. According to Akshyeta Suryanarayan et al., available evidence indicates culinary practices to be common over the region; food-constituents were dairy products (in low proportion), ruminant carcass meat, and either non-ruminant adipose fats, plants, or mixtures of these products. The dietary pattern remained same throughout the decline.
Cultural and political aspects
The term non-vegetarian has been criticized by the blogger The Last Caveman as a misnomer and a casteist pejorative with origins attributed to the caste system in India.
Vegetarianism and casteism in modern India
The term non-vegetarian is a good case in point. It signals the social
power of vegetarian classes, including their power to classify foods,
to create a 'food hierarchy' wherein vegetarian food is the default and
is having a higher status than meat. Thus it is akin to the term
'non-whites' coined by 'whites' to capture an incredibly diverse
population who they colonised.
—Balmurli Natrajan, anthropologist, and Suraj Jacob, economist, 2018
A 2018 study from Economic and Political Weekly by US-based anthropologist Balmurli Natrajan and India-based economist Suraj Jacob suggests that the percentage of vegetarians is about 20%. Percentages vary by household income and caste. The study argues that meat-eating behavior is underreported because consumption of meat, especially beef, is "caught in cultural, political, and group identity struggles in India". According to 2015-16 data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), the share of vegetarianism has declined from 2005 to 2006. Vegetarianism is less common amongst non-Hindu Indian religious groups such as Muslims and Christians. Vegetarianism is most common amongst Brahmins, Lingayat, Sikhs and Jains in India. Increases in meat consumption in India have been attributed to urbanisation, increasing disposable income, consumerism and cross-cultural influences.
According to Sameer of The Siasat Daily (Hyderabad), for ritual animal qurbani i.e. sacrifice on Eid-ul-Adha celebrants traditionally used to buy sacrificial animals, find butcher and had to find place for slaughtering of sacrificial animals on their own, but as of tradition is changing slowly and celebrants are increasingly opting for Qurbani services accomplish all the necessary tasks in hygienic manner.
In popular usage
Right to information
In India, it is mandatory that packaged food products be marked with Vegetarian and non-vegetarian marks, which are green and reddish-brown symbols. The symbol was introduced by Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Act of 2006, and received a mandatory status with its 2011 revision. It defines non-vegetarian food as "any food which contains whole or part of any animal including birds, marine animals, eggs, or products of any animal origin as an ingredient, excluding milk or milk products". A December 2021 Delhi High court instruction reminds all food business operators “to ensure complete and strict adherence of Regulation 2.2.2(4)”, (“i.e. Declaration regarding Veg or Non veg”.. in whatever amount of percentage, what is sourced from animals, would render the food article as Non-Vegetarian, and need to be declared) and noted that “failure…to adherence…would expose [them] to, inter alia, class action for violation of the fundamental rights of the consumers and might invite punitive damages, apart from prosecution”.
In Indian Soaps & Toiletries Makers ... vs Ozair Husain & Ors on 7 March 2013, Supreme Court of India declined plea for mandating medicinal drug companies to provide information on food based vegetarian or non-vegetarian origins. The Supreme Court while accepting the freedom of speech and expression would include the right to receive information under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution the court considered Government of India's contention that it may not be desirable for the patient or his attendant to know the origin of the ingredients of the drug i.e. whether ‘vegetarian’ or ‘non- vegetarian’. Such option cannot be left on the patient or his attendant if required to save the life or eradicate a disease. In some circumstances the condition of a patient may be such that a drug which is ordinarily not treated as a life saving drug may be essential to save the life. The information about the origin of the ingredients of a drug or cosmetic, if claimed as a matter of right, a vegetarian can also claim information about the origin of a vegetarian ingredient, depending upon his food habit. The court says food habits in India vary from person to person and place to place. Religion too plays a vital role in making such habit. Those who follow ‘Jainism’ are vegetarian but many of them do not eat some of the vegetarian food such as potato, carrot, onion, garlic etc. which are grown below the earth. Majority of Indians treat ‘honey’ and ‘lactose’ (milk derived sugar) as vegetarian but scientists treat them as ‘non-vegetarian’ products. Amongst the non-vegetarians a number of persons are ‘eggetarian’ i.e. those who only take one non-vegetarian product–egg. They do not eat other non-vegetarian food like animal, fish or birds. There are number of persons who treat egg as vegetarian food. Even amongst non-vegetarians, a large number of persons do not take beef or ham/pork because of religious belief. Many of the non-vegetarians do not eat snakes, insects, frog or bird. In individual case, the Government may feel difficulty in specifying the origin of a ‘vegetarian’ or ‘non-vegetarian’ ingredient, if a person wants to know the definite origin of such ‘vegetarian’ or ‘non- vegetarian’ ingredient on the basis of his food habit. It is imperative for the State to ensure the availability of the right to the citizens to receive information. But such information can be given to the extent it is available and possible, without affecting the fundamental right of others. Hence right to information can be limited by reasonable restrictions under the law made for the purpose mentioned in the Article 19(2) of the Constitution (in the case of Medicinal drugs).
Display boards
Popular dishes
Indian meat dishes
Meat dishes originally of non-India descent
Some meat dishes originally of non-India descent like few of European dishes named as Continental food are generally available on upscale Indian restaurant menu cards, where as some Indian Chinese fusion cuisine offers chicken dishes like chicken with chilli, Garlic, Ginger, Jalfrezi, Lemon, Momo (food) varieties can be available in regular restaurants or as street food in big townships across India. Kabab, a middle East dish also available in street shops and restaurants.
Egg based dishes
Bibliography
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macquarie_Island"}
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Sub-Antarctic island of Australia
Macquarie Island is an island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. Regionally part of Oceania and politically a part of Tasmania, Australia, since 1900, it became a Tasmanian State Reserve in 1978 and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.
It was a part of Esperance Municipality until 1993, when the municipality was merged with other municipalities to form Huon Valley Council. The island is home to the entire royal penguin population during their annual nesting season. Ecologically, the island is part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion.
Since 1948, the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) has maintained a permanent base, the Macquarie Island Station, on the isthmus at the northern end of the island at the foot of Wireless Hill. The population of the base, constituting the island's only human inhabitants, usually varies from 20 to 40 people over the year. A heliport is located nearby.
History
Frederick Hasselborough, an Australian, discovered the uninhabited island on 11 July 1810, while looking for new sealing grounds. He claimed Macquarie Island for Britain and annexed it to the colony of New South Wales in 1810. The island was named for Colonel Lachlan Macquarie, Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821. Hasselborough reported a wreck "of ancient design", which has given rise to speculation that the island may have been visited before by Polynesians or others. In the same year, Captain Smith described in more detail what is presumably the same wreck: "several pieces of wreck of a large vessel on this Island, apparently very old and high up in the grass, probably the remains of the ship of the unfortunate De la Perouse".
Between 1810 and 1919, seals and then penguins were hunted for their oil almost to the point of extinction. Sealers' relics include iron try pots, casks, hut ruins, graves and inscriptions. During that time, 144 vessel visits are recorded, 12 of which ended in shipwreck. The conditions on the island and the surrounding seas were considered so harsh that a plan to use it as a penal settlement was rejected.
Richard Siddins and his crew were shipwrecked in Hasselborough Bay on 11 June 1812. Joseph Underwood sent the ship Elizabeth and Mary to the island to rescue the remaining crew. The Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen explored the area for Alexander I of Russia in 1820, and produced the first map of Macquarie Island. Bellingshausen landed on the island on 28 November 1820, defined its geographical position and traded his rum and food for the island's fauna with the sealers.
In 1877, the crew of the schooner Bencleugh was shipwrecked on the island for four months; folklore says they came to believe there was hidden treasure on the island. The ship's owner, John Sen Inches Thomson, wrote a book on his sea travels, including his time on the island. The book, written in 1912, was entitled Voyages and Wanderings In Far-off Seas and Lands.
The island was included as a part of the colony of Van Diemens Land in 1825. New Zealand requested in 1889 that Macquarie Island be transferred to it Tasmania to close a loophole in New Zealand's closed sealing season, as New Zealand vessels were poaching on sub-Antarctic islands south of New Zealand, but claiming they got the seal skins from Macquarie Island. Between 1902 and 1920, the Tasmanian Government leased the island to Joseph Hatch (1837–1928) for his oil industry based on harvesting penguins.
Between 1911 and 1914, the island became a base for the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Sir Douglas Mawson. George Ainsworth operated a meteorological station between 1911 and 1913, followed by Harold Power from 1913 to 1914, and by Arthur Tulloch from 1914 until the station was shut down in 1915.
In 1933, the authorities declared the island a wildlife sanctuary under the Tasmanian Animals and Birds Protection Act 1928 and, in 1972, it was made a State Reserve under the Tasmanian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970. On 25 May 1948, the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) established its expedition headquarters on Macquarie Island.
The island had status as a biosphere reserve under the Man and the Biosphere Programme from 1977 until its withdrawal from the program in 2011. On 5 December 1997, Macquarie Island was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a site of major geoconservation significance, being the only place on earth where rocks from the earth's mantle are being actively exposed above sea-level.
On 23 December 2004, an earthquake measuring 8.1 on the moment magnitude scale rocked the island but caused no significant damage. Geoscience Australia issued a Tsunami Inundation Advice for Macquarie Island Station. The paper indicated that a tsunami caused by a local earthquake could occur with no warning, and could inundate the isthmus and its existing station. Such a tsunami would likely affect other parts of the coastline and field huts located close to the shore. According to several papers, an earthquake capable of causing a tsunami of that significance is a high risk.
In 2018, the Australian Antarctic Division published a map showing the island's buildings with confirmed or suspected asbestos contamination, which included at least half the structures there.
In September 2016, the Australian Antarctic Division said it would close its research station on the island in 2017. However, shortly afterwards, the Australian government responded to widespread backlash by announcing funding to upgrade aging infrastructure and continue existing operations.
During the 2020-2021 edition of the Vendée Globe round the world ocean race, Frenchman Louis Burton, aboard Bureau Vallée 2, made a stop in the lee of the island to climb the mast for essential repairs to damage caused by the failure of an autopilot some days prior.
Geography
Macquarie Island is about 34 km (21 mi) long and 5 km (3 mi) wide, with an area of 128 km2 (49 sq mi). The island consists of plateaus at north and south ends, each of 150–200 m (490–660 ft) elevation, joined by a low, narrow isthmus. The high points include Mount Elder on the north-east coastal ridge at 385 m (1,263 ft), and Mounts Hamilton and Fletcher in the south at 410 m (1,345 ft). The island is almost equidistant between the island of Tasmania and the Antarctic continent's Anderson Peninsula (about 1,500 km (930 mi) to either point). In addition, Macquarie Island is about 630 km (390 mi) south-west of Auckland Island, and 1,300 km (810 mi) north of the Balleny Islands.
Near Macquarie Island are two small groups of minor islands: the Judge and Clerk Islets (54°21′S 159°01′E / 54.350°S 159.017°E / -54.350; 159.017 (Judge and Clerk Islets)), 14 km (9 mi) to the north, 0.2 km2 (49 acres) in area, and the Bishop and Clerk Islets (55°03′S 158°46′E / 55.050°S 158.767°E / -55.050; 158.767 (Bishop and Clerk Islets)), 34 km (21 mi) to the south, 0.6 km2 (150 acres) in area. Like Macquarie Island, both groups are part of the state of Tasmania. The Bishop and Clerk Islets mark the southernmost point of Australia (excluding the Australian Antarctic Territory).
In the 19th century a phantom island named "Emerald Island" was believed to lie south of Macquarie Island.
Geology
Macquarie Island is an exposed portion of the Macquarie Ridge and is located where the Australian Plate meets the Pacific Plate. The island lies close to the edge of the submerged continent of Zealandia, but is not regarded as a part of it, because the Macquarie Ridge is oceanic crust rather than continental crust.
It is the only place on Earth where rocks from the Earth's mantle (6 km below the ocean floor) are being actively exposed above sea-level. These unique exposures include excellent examples of pillow basalts and other extrusive rocks. It also is the only oceanic environment with an exposed ophiolite sequence. Due to these unique geological exposures, it was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.
Climate
Macquarie Island's climate is moderated by the sea, and all months have an average temperature above freezing; although snow is common between June and October, and may even occur in summer. Due to its cold summers, the island has a Tundra climate (ET) under the Köppen climate classification.
Average daily maximum temperatures range from 4.9 °C (40.8 °F) in July to 8.8 °C (47.8 °F) in January. Precipitation occurs fairly evenly throughout the year and averages 1,002.1 mm (39.45 in) annually. Macquarie Island is one of the cloudiest places on Earth with an annual average of only 862 hours of sunshine (similar to Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands). Annually, there is an average of 289.4 cloudy days and just 3.5 clear days.
There are 316.7 precipitation days annually, including 55.7 snowy days (being equal to Charlotte Pass on this metric). This is a considerably lower figure than at Heard Island due to its longitude, which receives a staggering 96.8 snowy days at only 53 degrees south.
Flora and fauna
The flora has taxonomic affinities with other subantarctic islands, especially those south of New Zealand. Plants rarely grow over 1 m in height, though the tussock-forming grass Poa foliosa can grow up to 2 m tall in sheltered areas. There are over 45 vascular plant species and more than 90 moss species, as well as many liverworts and lichens. Woody plants are absent.
The island has five principal vegetation formations: grassland, herbfield, fen, bog and feldmark. Bog communities include 'featherbed', a deep and spongy peat bog vegetated by grasses and low herbs, with patches of free water. Endemic flora include the cushion plant Azorella macquariensis, the grass Puccinellia macquariensis, and two orchids – Nematoceras dienemum and Nematoceras sulcatum.
Mammals found on the island include subantarctic fur seals, Antarctic fur seals, New Zealand fur seals and southern elephant seals – over 80,000 individuals of this species. Diversities and distributions of cetaceans are less known; southern right whales and orcas are more common followed by other migratory baleen and toothed whales, especially sperm and beaked whales, which prefer deep waters. So-called "Upland Seals" once found on Antipodes Islands and Macquarie Island have been claimed by some researchers as a distinct subspecies of fur seals with thicker furs, although it is unclear whether these seals were genetically distinct.
Royal penguins and Macquarie shags are endemic breeders, while king penguins, southern rockhopper penguins and gentoo penguins also breed here in large numbers. The island has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because it supports about 3.5 million breeding seabirds of 13 species.
Ecological balance
The island ecology was affected by the onset of European visits in 1810. The island's fur seals, elephant seals and penguins were killed for fur and blubber. Rats and mice that were inadvertently introduced from the ships prospered due to lack of predators. Cats were subsequently introduced deliberately to keep the rodents from eating human food stores. In about 1870, rabbits and a species of New Zealand rail (wekas) were left on the island by sealers to breed for food. This caused huge damage to the local wildlife, including the extinction of the Macquarie Island rail (Gallirallus macquariensis), the Macquarie parakeet (Cyanoramphus erythrotis), and an as-yet-undescribed species of teal. By the 1970s, 130,000 rabbits were causing tremendous damage to vegetation.
The feral cats introduced to the island had a devastating effect on the native seabird population, with an estimated annual loss of 60,000 seabirds. From 1985, efforts were undertaken to remove the cats. In June 2000, the last of the nearly 2,500 cats were culled in an effort to save the seabirds. Seabird populations responded rapidly, but rats and rabbits population increased after the cats were culled, and continued to cause widespread environmental damage.
The rabbits rapidly multiplied before numbers were reduced to about 10,000 in the early 1980s when myxomatosis was introduced. Rabbit numbers then grew again to over 100,000 by 2006. The rodents feed on young chicks while rabbits nibbling on the grass layer has led to soil erosion and cliff collapses, destroying seabird nests. Large portions of the Macquarie Island bluffs are eroding as a result. In September 2006 a large landslip at Lusitania Bay, on the eastern side of the island, partially destroyed an important penguin breeding colony. Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service attributed the landslip to a combination of heavy spring rains and severe erosion caused by rabbits.
Research by Australian Antarctic Division scientists, published in the 13 January 2009 issue of the British Ecological Society's Journal of Applied Ecology, suggested that the success of the feral cat eradication program has allowed the rabbit population to increase, damaging the Macquarie Island ecosystem by altering significant areas of island vegetation. However, in a comment published in the same journal other scientists argued that a number of factors (primarily a reduction in the use of the Myxoma virus) were almost certainly involved and the absence of cats may have been relatively minor among them. The original authors examined the issue in a later reply and concluded that the effect of the Myxoma virus use was small and reaffirmed their original position. The original authors did not, however, explain how rabbit numbers were greater in previous periods such as the 1970s before the myxoma virus was introduced and when cats were not being controlled, nor how rabbits had built up to such high numbers when cats were present for some 60 years prior to the introduction of rabbits; suggesting that cats were not controlling rabbit populations before the introduction of the myxoma virus.
On 4 June 2007 a media release by Malcolm Turnbull, Federal Minister for Australia's Environment and Water Resources Board, announced that the Australian and Tasmanian Governments had reached an agreement to jointly fund the eradication of rodent pests, including rabbits, to protect Macquarie Island's World Heritage values. The plan, estimated to cost $24 million Australian dollars, was based on mass baiting the island similar to an eradication program on Campbell Island, New Zealand, to be followed with teams of dogs trained by Steve Austin over a maximum seven-year period. The baiting was expected to inadvertently affect kelp gulls, but greater-than-expected bird deaths caused the program to be suspended. Other species killed by the baits include giant petrels, black ducks and skuas.
In February 2012, The Australian newspaper reported that rabbits, rats and mice had been nearly eradicated from the island.
In April 2012 the hunting teams reported the extermination of 13 rabbits that had survived the 2011 baiting; the last five were found in November 2011, including a lactating doe and four kittens. No fresh rabbit signs were found up to July 2013. On 8 April 2014 Macquarie Island was officially declared pest-free after seven years of conservation efforts. This achievement was the largest successful island pest-eradication program attempted to that date.
Introduced birds
Despite being declared pest-free, Macquarie Island is still inhabited by several invasive bird species, such as the mallard and European starling. The introduction of mallards has become a threat to the Pacific black duck population on Macquarie Island through introgressive hybridisation, a common problem in Australasia. There are currently no plans to eradicate mallards from Macquarie Island.
Gallery
Wildlife sounds
Problems listening to the files? See Wikipedia media help.
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Bakken is a surname of Norwegian origin.
People with the surname Bakken
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73422eb6-a83e-4d4c-aa8b-3fed5fc224b2
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon_Hill,_Merton"}
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Human settlement in England
Cannon Hill is a small district of the London Borough of Merton
Location
It can be considered to occupy a south-east corner of Raynes Park or be a continuation of that suburb.
Economic dependence
Raynes Park in turn hosts many of the local amenities on which it depends, such as schools and shops.
A much broader economic hub, including entertainment and restaurants figures in Wimbledon, the main commercial hub of the borough 2 miles (3.2 km) to the north-east.
Characteristics
It is a small Outer London style neighbourhood, specifically, of low population density for its distance from London's centre and in the semi-green west of the Borough. It consists mostly of 1920s/30s terraced, semi-detached and a little detached housing set back slightly from spacious streets and urban avenues. It has fairly high statistics of car ownership per head. Many of its houses are in or possess conservation area characteristics and/or features, including Dutch gables, high ceilings, spacious bay windows and other embellishments and additions which enhance domestic life. The post-war housing, generally in small schemes in Cannon Hill, has some of the better examples of spacious plots and such architectural elements, following the era of relatively modest wages, even among the intended middle class purchasers and occupiers, of interwar Britain.
Transport
Public transport includes a number of bus routes skirting its narrow boundaries or within the district.
A railway station at Cannon Hill was planned in the 1920s, but when the line was constructed the station was omitted. Nearby Raynes Park railway station has 12 trains or more per hour in each direction, including a service to and from London Waterloo station.
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5f29974b-ad53-48e5-bc0c-e60f9379a721
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidance_Tamil_Nadu"}
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Guidance Tamil Nadu (formerly Tamil Nadu Industrial Guidance and Export Promotion Bureau ) is the investment promotion agency of the Government of Tamil Nadu. It is constituted to reach out to prospective investors and make them invest in the state of Tamil Nadu. It comes under the Industries Department and is under the purview of Minister for Industries Thangam Thennarasu. Since inception, Guidance has facilitated investments for over Rupees Five lakh crore across various sectors. Guidance has evolved into an organisation that strives to transform the ecosystem in Tamil Nadu for investors to invest, innovate and create.
Team
Guidance Tamil Nadu was established as a non-profit registered Society in 1992 with the objective of attracting major investment proposals into Tamil Nadu. Guidance has been restructured into a 40-member young team working out of their Chennai office. The team has qualified professionals with diverse backgrounds from MBA to legal experts and analysts. It has distinct verticals such as investment promotion, policy, external engagement, country desks, and social media. They have separate desks for overseeing country-specific and sector-specific investments. Pooja Kulkarni, an IAS officer of 2003 batch holds the position of Managing Director at Guidance Tamil Nadu.
Mandate
Guidance was established ‘to serve as a focal point for dissemination of information and render facilitation to entrepreneurs with a view to giving fillip to the industrial growth of the State’. As per the Tamil Nadu Business Facilitation Act, 2018, Guidance Bureau has been given the statutory responsibility of functioning as the Nodal Agency for providing incentives and single window clearances for all enterprises other than MSMEs. Guidance is the designated Investment Promotion agency of the state and with this mandate, it undertakes the following functions to facilitate investments and promote the State to prospective investors:
Investment Promotion
Investment promotion in all manufacturing and service sectors, generate leads and develop them into investments generating employment into Tamil Nadu and investment promotion through country specific desks.
Investment Facilitation & Aftercare
Handhold investors setting up their operations in Tamil Nadu, undertake ease of doing business reforms, manage the Single Window Portal, Biz Buddy Portal andcoordinate on any issues relating to approvals and clearances.
External Engagement
Connect with the international investor community and position TN globally, coordinate with Foreign Missions in India, Indian Missions abroad and international trade agencies, multilaterals, and bilateral agencies.
Policy and Research
Conduct applied research and provide recommendations on industrial and investment policies and its implementation, track and monitor economy, industry and investments in the State and serve as a think tank for the Government.
Regional Outreach
Provide ground support to existing investors, industry associations and potential investors across the various regions/districts in the state, liaison with investors and help resolve their issues through Biz Buddy.
Media & Communication
Promote TN as an investment destination and disseminate information on the State’s investment promotion activities through social media, digital and print media, and management of public relations.
COVID Management & Recovery Initiatives
Guidance, under the aegis of the Industries Department, and in collaboration with other Government departments and agencies, undertook several measures to mitigate the effects of the pandemic for industries and carried out several initiatives to restore the confidence of the investors.
COVID Helpline Team
Guidance operated 24x7 during the pandemic and created two helpline teams for COVID -19 support activities to provide clarification and assistance on issues like truck movement, blockades at district / state borders, movement of groceries and edible items stuck at borders, permissions to operate / do maintenance at factories, vehicle passes, employee passes, shipments stuck at airports, etc. Over 4000 calls were facilitated by the helpline during the first quarter of Financial Year 2021-22, during the peak of the pandemic. Guidance also reached out to more than 200 PPE, ventilators and N95 masks suppliers / distributors and facilitated the logistics involved in the pandemic. Further, Guidance team set up country specific COVID helpline with Consul Generals of various countries including Korea, Denmark, Japan, USA, UK, Taiwan, Singapore and Australia to ensure swift resolution of issues.
Facilitating Supply of Medical Oxygen and Oxygen Concentrators
With the help of Inox Air Products, Indian Railways, and other stakeholders, 4 ISO containers were airlifted from the Netherlands to West Bengal wherein liquid medical oxygen was filled and containers were moved to Tamil Nadu. Many companies and trade bodies came together to donate oxygen concentrators to the state. The US-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) generously donated 486 concentrators by airlifting it from Foshan, China for Tamil Nadu. Korean companies that have made Tamil Nadu their home such as Hyundai and Samsung also donated 300+ oxygen concentrators. Licenses were issued swiftly to three companies to convert their industrial 23 oxygen units to produce medical oxygen. This resulted in an additional 15 MT of medical oxygen generation in the state. Oxygen demand increased significantly during the second wave of the COVID pandemic. In order to meet the unprecedented demand for oxygen, the Government of Tamil Nadu has taken special measures to bring in Liquid Medical Oxygen from Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Maharashtra. 5751.99 MT of liquid oxygen was brought by road and rail from the above States.
Facilitating Vaccination of Industrial Workforce
In collaboration with SIPCOT, DIC, Health Department and various trade bodies, Guidance facilitated uptake of vaccination among the industrial workforce across the state. Over one lakh employees above the age of 45 were 24 vaccinated in this initiative. Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu has inaugurated vaccination camp at Tiruppur Nethaji Readymade Textile Park on 21.05.2021. In continuation of this, Hon’ble Chief Minister has also opened a vaccination centre on 26.05.2021 at automobile giant Daimler India’s manufacturing unit at Oragadam.
Functions
It promotes Tamil Nadu as the most preferred investment destination and improves the ease of doing business parameters of the state. It assists both the domestic and international investors in the industrial approvals required by the business to operate in the state. It coordinates with investors and other government departments for the single window clearance. It also helps investors identify the land of their business choice, for SIPCOT and Private Industrial Parks.
Partnerships
Partnering with the World Economic Forum (WEF), it established India’s first advanced manufacturing hub (AMHUB) in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 19 AMHUBs in the world. This platform focuses on engaging entire regional production ecosystems to identify and address regional opportunities and challenges brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution by amplifying regional success stories, sharing best practices & incubating new partnerships. Tamil Nadu will be able to harness opportunities in the sectors of electronics, electric mobility, solar energy and textiles through this collaboration with AMHUB.
It also entered into an agreement with Indian School of Business (ISB) to work on a broader objective of economic recovery and growth. It is a tripartite partnership where Academia, Government and Industry come together to work on economic development of the State.
Other Key Industrial Promotion Organisations of Government of Tamil Nadu
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bb866f52-0455-494e-b7a0-43a9673aa767
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Zajdel"}
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Polish writer
Janusz Andrzej Zajdel (15 August 1938 – 19 July 1985) was a Polish science fiction author, second in popularity in Poland to Stanisław Lem. His major genres were social science fiction and dystopia. His main recurring theme involved the gloomy prospects for a space environment into which mankind carried totalitarian ideas and habits: Red Space Republics, or Space Labor Camps, or both. His heroes desperately try to find meaning in the world around them.
The Polish science fiction fandom award was named after him: the Janusz A. Zajdel Award. He was a trustee of World SF.
Life
Janusz Zajdel was born 15 August 1938 in Warsaw, Poland. He studied physics at the University of Warsaw. After graduating, he worked many years as a radiological engineer and an expert on nuclear physics at the Central Laboratory of Radiological Protection in Poland. He published a number of academic works, handbooks of safety regulations, as well as educational and popular science texts.
In his spare time, he popularized science by writing science fiction. With his brother, he started a column in a Polish magazine for young people interested in science and engineering, Młody Technik [pl] (Young Technician), in which they proposed various futuristic gadgets. In 1961 Młody Technik published Zajdel's science-fiction debut, the short story "Tau Ceti" (Polish: Tau Wieloryba). Other stories by him soon appeared in several other Polish magazines.
His first book was published in 1965, a short-story anthology, Jad mantezji (The Venom of Mantesia), which included stories from Młody Technik and some others that had already appeared a year earlier in another anthology. By 1982 he had published four more collections: Przejście przez lustro (Through the Mirror, 1975); Iluzyt (1976); Feniks (The Phoenix, 1981); and Ogon diabła (The Devil's Tail, 1982).
His first novel, Lalande 21185, appeared in 1966, a year after his first short-story anthology, and was geared toward young adults. His first serious science-fiction novel was a "first contact"-type SF mystery, Prawo do powrotu [pl] (Right of Return, 1975); but it was his novels of the late 1970s and early 1980s – Cylinder van Troffa (Van Troff's Cylinder, 1980); Limes inferior (The Lower Limit, 1982); Cała prawda o planecie Ksi (The Whole Truth about Planet Xi, 1983); Wyjście z cienia [pl] (Out of the Shadows, 1983); and Paradyzja (Paradise: World in Orbit, 1984) – that earned him a reputation as one of the most important Polish science-fiction writers.
He was an active member of Polish and international science fiction fandom, and a Trustee of World SF. In the 1980s he was an active supporter of the Polish Solidarity movement.
On 19 July 1985 he died of lung cancer, after three years' struggle against the disease.
Themes
Zajdel's early works, from the 1960s and early 1970s, focuses on scientific inventions and their role in space exploration, alien contact or artificial intelligence. As his writing career continued, however, his stories evolved to focus on the social aspects and often negative consequences of those inventions. Over time, a theme became increasingly visible in his works - a concern over dangers inherent in attempts to control the human society. He is also condemning human ignorance, warning against xenophobia, and asking philosophical questions about the nature of the universe, happiness and human destiny. Zajdel's works from his second period - late 1970s and 1980s - and represent the genres of social and dystopian fiction. In his works, he envisions totalitarian states and societies living under extreme forms of mass surveillance.
His works are also recognized as being a critique of the totalitarian, communist state, a reality of his life in People's Republic of Poland. Science fiction genre, with its outer-worldly, clearly fictional, and often allegorical setting and invented jargon was able to debate fundamentals of such systems with frankness that more mainstream literature would not be allowed to.
Importance
Zajdel has been described as the second science fiction writer in popularity in Poland after Stanisław Lem. He has also been described as the writer who replaced Lem as the "top Polish SF writer", after "Lem vacated [this position] earlier of his own volition".
He is recognized as an originator of the social science fiction genre in Polish science fiction, known in Poland as the sociological speculative fiction (fantastyka socjologiczna). He has been an inspiration to a number of younger Polish science fiction authors such as Maciej Parowski and Marek Oramus.
His works have been translated into Belorussian, Bulgarian, Czech, Esperanto, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Russian and Slovenian. As of August 2015[update], the only work translated into English is the short story Wyjątkowo trudny teren ("Particularly Difficult Territory") that Zajdel wrote for the English language Tales from the Planet Earth anthology edited by Frederik Pohl and Elizabeth Anne Hull.
Recognition
In 1973 Zajdel received an honorary award Magnum Trophaeum from the Młody Technik (Young Technician) magazine for long-term cooperation. In 1980 Zajdel received the Polish Ministry of Culture and Arts Best SF Book of the Year Award for Van Troff's Cylinder. Zajdel also received the Golden Sepulka Award two times: for Limes Inferior (1982 novel; 1983 award) and Wyjście z cienia ("Out of the Shadow") (1983 novel; 1984 award).
In 1984 Polish fantasy and science fiction fandom (associated with the Polish SF convention Polcon) decided to establish an annual award, initially named Sfinks ("Sphynx"). Janusz A. Zajdel became the first winner of this award, for his 1984 novel Paradyzja. He won the award posthumously in 1985, shortly after his death, at which time it was decided to rename the award after him, and it became known as the Janusz A. Zajdel Award.
Frederik Pohl dedicated the anthology Tales From The Planet Earth to Zajdel and A. Bertram Chandler.
Bibliography
In addition to the solo-authored works listed below, Zajdel's stories have also appeared in many anthologies of science-fiction stories, together with works by other authors.
Novels
Short-story collections
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601a301e-3e88-457b-b17e-6881aa002cfc
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_FC_Volga_Nizhny_Novgorod_season"}
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Volga Nizhny Novgorod 2012–13 football season
The 2012–13 Volga season was the 2nd season that the club played in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of football in Russia. They finished the season in 12th place and were eliminated from the Russian Cup at the Round of 32 stage by Russian National Football League side FC Khimki. Manager Dmitri Cheryshev was sacked during pre-season and was replaced by Gadzhi Gadzhiev on 7 June 2012 Gadzhiev then resigned on 19 January 2013 and was replaced by Yuriy Kalitvintsev.
Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Transfers
Summer
Winter
Competitions
Friendlies
Russian Premier League
Matches
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Dynamo Moscow
Spartak Moscow v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Rubin Kazan
Terek Grozny v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Lokomotiv Moscow
Kuban Krasnodar v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Rostov
Amkar Perm v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v CSKA Moscow
Anzhi Makhachkala v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Mordovia Saransk
Krylia Sovetov Samara v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Krasnodar
Alania Vladikavkaz v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Zenit St. Petersburg
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Spartak Moscow
Rubin Kazan v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Terek Grozny
Lokomotiv Moscow v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Kuban Krasnodar
Rostov v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Amkar Perm
CSKA Moscow v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Anzhi Makhachkala
Mordovia Saransk v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Krylia Sovetov Samara
Krasnodar v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Volga Nizhny Novgorod v Alania Vladikavkaz
Zenit St. Petersburg v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Dynamo Moscow v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Table
Source: Russian Premier League
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) number of wins; 3) head-to-head points; 4) number of head-to-head wins; 5) head-to-head goal difference; 6) number of head-to-head goals scored; 7) number of head-to-head away goals scored; 8) goal difference; 9) number of goals scored; 10) number of away goals scored; 11) position in the 2011–12 season (only used until all the regularly scheduled games have been played); 11) extra play-off game or tournament between the teams in question.
(O) Play-off winner
Notes:
Russian Cup
FC Khimki v Volga Nizhny Novgorod
Squad statistics
Appearances and goals
Top scorers
Disciplinary record
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f1817990-20b6-4917-9293-4a20bad0858e
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Sadiq Ali Shaheed railway station (Urdu: صادق علی شہید ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
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cba02884-6700-4d7d-9a90-bd42b8ddc42b
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Arroyo"}
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Municipality in Castile and León, Spain
Santa María del Arroyo is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 114 inhabitants.
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92b35ec7-f3d1-4cc6-8ed2-c1d6552e40eb
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R&R Films or R & R Films may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term
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15c80882-87f4-4ba2-82d2-6251c8f4c496
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware"}
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Election in Delaware
The 1960 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Delaware was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D–Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 50.63% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R–California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 49.00% of the popular vote.
Results
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9431718c-c73e-4400-9497-ccc2df4616fa
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The name Lannoy or de Lannoy or of Lannoy can refer to
Places
People
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97b95d67-5b45-439b-944d-a44fdcac0447
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_at_the_2019_World_Athletics_Championships"}
|
Albania will compete at the 2019 World Championships in Athletics in Doha, Qatar, from 27 September to 6 October 2019. Albania will be represented by one athlete.
Sporting event delegation
Results
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06fba0a2-76e4-4505-a7ed-14b7da0b5cc1
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-bridled_finch"}
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Species of bird
The yellow-bridled finch (Melanodera xanthogramma) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae found in Argentina and Chile.
Distribution and habitat
Its natural habitat is high-altitude grassland, from the tropical in the north to the sub-Antarctic region of Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn in the south.
Description
The male is mostly yellow and grey with black markings around the face and neck. The female and juvenile are a mottled slightly yellowish grey.
Diet and behaviour
Little is known about their behaviour and feeding habits, as they have only begun to be seriously studied in recent years.
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98ae7e0a-5aa0-4764-a6b4-cbdf76175275
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_(Woody_Shaw_album)"}
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1987 studio album by Woody Shaw
Solid is an album led by trumpeter Woody Shaw which was recorded in 1986 and released on the Muse label. Solid was reissued by Mosaic Records as part of Woody Shaw: The Complete Muse Sessions in 2013.
Reception
Scott Yanow of Allmusic stated, "This CD serves as a perfect introduction to the memorable but always underrated trumpeter Woody Shaw, who tragically had only three years left to live".
Track listing
Personnel
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fa542fcd-507b-4a07-8724-c2f8ba4c45a1
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabovica_(Sjenica)"}
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Village in Zlatibor District, Serbia
Grabovica is a village in the municipality of Sjenica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 44 people.
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9a92dc8e-f7cd-4765-b8ae-33f0ad490dd3
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_mean"}
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Golden ratio within the pentagram and silver ratio within the octagon.
The metallic means (also ratios or constants) of the successive natural numbers are the continued fractions:
The golden ratio (1.618...) is the metallic mean between 1 and 2, while the silver ratio (2.414...) is the metallic mean between 2 and 3. The term "bronze ratio" (3.303...), or terms using other names of metals (such as copper or nickel), are occasionally used to name subsequent metallic means. The values of the first ten metallic means are shown at right. Notice that each metallic mean is a root of the simple quadratic equation:
, where
is any positive natural number.
As the golden ratio is connected to the pentagon (first diagonal/side), the silver ratio is connected to the octagon (second diagonal/side). As the golden ratio is connected to the Fibonacci numbers, the silver ratio is connected to the Pell numbers, and the bronze ratio is connected to OEIS: A006190. Each Fibonacci number is the sum of the previous number times one plus the number before that, each Pell number is the sum of the previous number times two and the one before that, and each "bronze Fibonacci number" is the sum of the previous number times three plus the number before that. Taking successive Fibonacci numbers as ratios, these ratios approach the golden mean, the Pell number ratios approach the silver mean, and the "bronze Fibonacci number" ratios approach the bronze mean.
Properties
Gold, silver, and bronze ratios within their respective rectangles.
These properties are valid only for integers m. For nonintegers the properties are similar but slightly different.
The above property for the powers of the silver ratio is a consequence of a property of the powers of silver means. For the silver mean S of m, the property can be generalized as
where
Using the initial conditions K0 = 1 and K1 = m, this recurrence relation becomes
The powers of silver means have other interesting properties:
If n is a positive even integer:
Additionally,
Also,
In general:
The silver mean S of m also has the property that
meaning that the inverse of a silver mean has the same decimal part as the corresponding silver mean.
where a is the integer part of S and b is the decimal part of S, then the following property is true:
Because (for all m greater than 0), the integer part of Sm = m, a = m. For m > 1, we then have
Therefore, the silver mean of m is a solution of the equation
It may also be useful to note that the silver mean S of −m is the inverse of the silver mean S of m
Another interesting result can be obtained by slightly changing the formula of the silver mean. If we consider a number
then the following properties are true:
if c is real,
if c is a multiple of i.
The silver mean of m is also given by the integral
Another interesting form of the metallic mean is given by
Trigonometric expressions
Geometric Construction
The metallic mean for any given integer
can be constructed geometrically in the following way. Define a right triangle with sides
and
having lengths of
and
, respectively. The
th metallic mean
is simply the sum of the length of
and the hypotenuse,
.
For
,
and so
φ.
Setting
yields the silver ratio.
Thus
Likewise, the bronze ratio would be calculated with
so
yields
Non-integer arguments sometimes produce triangles with a mean that is itself an integer. Examples include N = 1.5, where
and
Which is simply a scaled-down version of the 3-4-5 Pythagorean triangle.
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258d792e-93c3-4983-8035-9f1fab3fdbc1
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC_season"}
|
São Paulo 2002 football season
The 2002 season was São Paulo's 73rd season since club's existence. The club became a runners-up of Torneio Rio – São Paulo losing the final to rival Corinthians. Exceptionally this year the main clubs from state like Santos, Corinthians and Palmeiras along São Paulo did not participated of Campeonato Paulista to not overload the number of games in calendar, with two tournaments being disputed at same time, Torneio Rio – São Paulo and Campeonato Paulista, then was created only this year the Supercampeonato paulista played by Corinthians (Torneio Rio-São Paulo winners), São Paulo (Torneio Rio-São Paulo runners-up), Palmeiras (Torneio Rio-São Paulo third place) and Ituano (Campeonato Paulista winners). Tricolor won the title against Ituano, 2-2 (away); 4-1 (home). At Copa do Brasil was defeated again by Corinthians, this time in semifinal. In Copa dos Campeões was eliminated in group stage and quarterfinals in Série A losing to rival Santos.
Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Statistics
Scorers
Managers performance
Overall
Source: São Paulo FC
Friendlies
São Paulo
v
Deportivo Toluca
Official competitions
Torneio Rio-São Paulo
Etti-Jundiaí v São Paulo
São Paulo v Vasco da Gama
Guarani v São Paulo
São Paulo v Fluminense
Botafogo v São Paulo
Flamengo v São Paulo
São Paulo v Ponte Preta
São Paulo v América-RJ
Portuguesa v São Paulo
São Paulo v Bangu
São Paulo v Palmeiras
São Caetano v São Paulo
Corinthians v São Paulo
Santos v São Paulo
São Paulo v Americano
São Paulo v Palmeiras
Palmeiras v São Paulo
São Paulo v Corinthians
Corinthians v São Paulo
Record
Copa do Brasil
Treze v São Paulo
São Paulo v Treze
Flamengo-PI v São Paulo
Figueirense v São Paulo
São Paulo v Figueirense
Vasco da Gama v São Paulo
São Paulo v Vasco da Gama
São Paulo v Corinthians
Corinthians v São Paulo
Record
Supercampeonato Paulista
São Paulo v Palmeiras
Palmeiras v São Paulo
Ituano v São Paulo
São Paulo v Ituano
Record
Copa do Campeões
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Internacional v São Paulo
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Atlético Paranaense v São Paulo
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São Paulo v Vitória
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São Paulo v Santos
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0f93c02f-6026-4e53-ab73-b667b9ea7a15
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_Landmark_Hotel"}
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Former hotel in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Tallest demolished building in Canada.
The Empire Landmark Hotel, often referred to by its original name, the Sheraton Landmark, was the tallest hotel in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was located on one of Vancouver's busiest thoroughfares at 1400 Robson Street, in the West End of Downtown Vancouver. The building was revolutionary (literally) at the time, as it had a revolving restaurant on its top floor, Cloud 9, which was one of only two revolving restaurants in Vancouver, the other being the Harbour Centre. Between its completion in 1973 and the completion of nearby Bentall Centre in 1974, the Empire Landmark Hotel was the third tallest building in Vancouver.
The skyscraper is the tallest voluntarily demolished building in Canada, overtaking the 88 m (289 ft) tall Old Toronto Star Building that was demolished in 1972.
History
The Sheraton-Landmark Hotel was designed in the then-popular brutalist style by architect Ross Lort and built by Vancouver businessman Ben Wosk, at a cost of $12 million, by the oldest construction company on the West Coast, Smith Bros. & Wilson. Upon completion in 1973, it was the third tallest building in Vancouver at 120.1 m (394 ft) and 42 storeys tall. It was also the tallest building in Vancouver completely devoted to use as a hotel. The hotel had a soft opening in late 1973, its grand opening was held on 18 January 1974.
The hotel suffered a fire in 1976 that sent 25 people to the hospital. Wosk sold the Sheraton Landmark, along with two other local Sheratons he owned (the Sheraton Plaza 500 and the Sheraton Villa Inn in Burnaby) to the Dallas-based Southmark Corp. in 1986 for $48.5 million. Southmark sold the three hotels to Los Angeles-based Daniel Lee two years later, for $82 million. Lee lost the Sheraton Landmark to his creditors, and they sold it to Hong Kong-based Asia Standard International Group in 1997 for $57.75 million. The new owners dropped the Sheraton franchise and renamed the hotel the Empire Landmark Hotel.
Demolition
Due to economic pressures as a result of rising property values within downtown Vancouver, combined with the building's historically unpopular brutalist architecture and relatively small floor space being prohibitive to redevelopment of the original tower into anything but another hotel, it was decided to demolish the Empire Landmark Hotel and redevelop the site.
The hotel and its restaurant closed on September 30, 2017 and the building was demolished, floor by floor, over a period of over a year, beginning in March 2018 and ending in May 2019.
The building will be replaced by two shorter condominium towers, at 31 and 32 storeys, with 237 market condos, 63 social housing units, and retail and office space on the bottom three floors. The development is called Landmark On Robson and is said to help "breathe new life into the neighbourhood".
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2148a2a5-13d1-4e72-a5f4-21dabca94f65
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_do_Egito"}
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2013 Brazilian miniseries by RecordTV
José do Egito (English: Joseph from Egypt) is a Brazilian miniseries produced and broadcast by RecordTV. It premiered on January 30, 2013 and ended on October 9, 2013. It is based on the biblical account of the book of Genesis that deals with the patriarch Joseph, son of Jacob.
Synopsis
Joseph was born around 1716 BC, in Haran, region of Mesopotamia, a ‘miracle‘ son. He is the son of Rachel, a sterile woman and the most loved wife of Jacob, who is already an old man when his son is born. Joseph soon becomes the favorite son. Joseph receives an ornamented tunic from Jacob, symbolizing he was chosen as his successor. Unaccepting of their father‘s decision and overcome by envy, the brothers decide to teach Joseph a lesson, throwing him into a deep well with no way out and they then sell the brother as a slave. Joseph is taken to Egypt. The young Hebrew becomes the servant of Potiphar, head of the Pharaoh Apepi‘s guard. Sati, the commander‘s wife, begins to feel a burning desire for Joseph, and does everything to conquer his heart, but always fails. Furious, she gets back at Joseph by lying and saying the Hebrew tried to rape her. Potiphar sends him to prison. Pharaoh Apepi begins to be tormented by strange nightmares and, when he finds out that Joseph has the gift to interpret dreams, he calls him to the royal palace. After hearing Apepi‘s dream, Joseph reveals that Egypt will enjoy seven years of bounty, which will then be replaced by long period of famine. Joseph also says it will be necessary to store enough food during the bounty period to supply the people during the times of lamentation. When hunger arrives in Canaan, Jacob sends his sons in search of food in Egypt, because he learns it is the only place on earth with food. Upon arriving before the respected governor of Egypt, Jacob‘s sons do not recognize him as their brother under the Egyptian clothing. But Joseph recognizes them and he is forced to hide in order to cry, in deep pain, almost twenty years after the betrayal. Now, only Joseph can save the brothers who made him suffer so much in the past.
Cast
Production
Shooting includes scenes recorded in the Atacama Desert in Chile, Egypt and Israel. For the scenery two cities were built representing Avaris, and Hebron.
Rating
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d2efc853-0925-4c11-805e-eb2fcc35f685
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Hungary_(saint)"}
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Hungarian princess and saint
Margaret of Hungary, OP (January 27, 1242 – January 18, 1270) was a Dominican nun and the daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. She was the younger sister of Kinga of Poland (Kunegunda) and Yolanda of Poland and, through her father, the niece of the famed Elizabeth of Hungary.
Life
Margaret was born in Klis Fortress in the Kingdom of Croatia, the eighth and last daughter (9th of 10 children) of the royal couple. They resided there during the Mongol invasion of Hungary (1241–42) as her father was also ruler of this land. Her parents vowed that if Hungary was liberated from the Mongols, they would dedicate the child to religion.
The three-year-old Margaret was entrusted by her parents to the Dominican monastery at Veszprém in 1245. Six years later she was transferred to the Monastery of the Blessed Virgin founded by her parents on Nyulak Szigete (Rabbit Island) near Buda (today Margaret Island, named after her, and a part of Budapest; the ruins of the monastery can still be seen). She spent the rest of her life there, dedicating herself to religion and opposing all attempts of her father to arrange a political marriage for her with King Ottokar II of Bohemia.
She appears to have taken solemn vows when she was eighteen years old. In marked contrast to the customs of her Order, she received[citation needed] the Consecration of Virgins along with some other royals to prevent further attempts on the part of her father to have her vows dispensed by the pope for marriage.
Many of the details of her life are known from the Legend of Saint Margaret, written probably in the 14th century and translated from Latin to Hungarian in the 15th. The only remaining copy of the legend is in the Margaret Codex copied by the Dominican nun Lea Ráskay around 1510. According to the legend, Margaret chastised herself from early childhood, wore an iron girdle, hairshirts and shoes spiked with nails and performed the most menial work in the convent. The extravagance of the penances she undertook may have shortened her life. She died on 18 January 1270.
Veneration
She was venerated as a saint soon after her death, e.g., a church dedicated to her in Bocfolde, Zala County, appears in documents dated 1426. Steps were taken to procure her canonization shortly after her death, at the request of her brother King Stephen V. The necessary investigations were taken up between 1270 and 1276, but the canonization process was not successful, even though 74 miracles were ascribed to her intercession, most of them referring to curing illnesses, even someone coming back from the dead. Among those giving testimony were 27 people for whom miracles had been wrought. Unsuccessful attempts to canonize her were also made in 1640 and 1770. She was finally canonized by Pope Pius XII on November 19, 1943, at that time the feast day of her aunt, Saint Elizabeth of Hungary.
Her feast day is celebrated by the Dominican Order. Raised by Pope Pius VII to a festum duplex, it is the day of her death, January 18.
Her monastery was among those suppressed in 1782, part of the suppression of all monastic orders by the Emperor Joseph II. At that time, her remains were given to the Poor Clares. They were kept in Pozsony (today Bratislava) and Buda. The relics were partly destroyed in 1789 but some portions were preserved and are now kept in Esztergom, Győr, and Pannonhalma.
In art Margaret is usually depicted in a Dominican nun's religious habit, holding a white lily and a book.
Ancestry
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3f6c5110-7989-43a7-9c9a-b5c837a1d3c6
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null |
Bissau-Guinean football midfielder
Vladimir Soares Forbs (born 14 April 1992) is a Bissau-Guinean football midfielder who currently plays for Louletano in Portugal.
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ae5d19ca-628a-42e9-bac0-471d75cf73a5
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transylvanosaurus"}
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Extinct genus of ornithopod dinosaurs
Transylvanosaurus (meaning "lizard from across the forest") is an extinct genus of rhabdodontid ornithopod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hateg Basin of Romania. The type species is Transylvanosaurus platycephalus, known from a fragmentary skull.
Discovery and naming
The holotype specimen, LPB (FGGUB) R.2070, was found in 2007 in the ‘Pui Beds’ in the Bărbat River Valley section of Haţeg Basin, Hunedoara County, Romania. This locality is dated to the middle Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period. It consists of a fragmentary skull, including the articulated basicranium and articulated frontals.
In 2022, Transylvanosaurus platycephalus was described as a new genus and species of rhabdodontid ornithopod dinosaurs by Felix J. Augustin, Dylan Bastiaans, Mihai D. Dumbravă, and Zoltán Csiki-Sava based on these remains. The generic name, "Transylvanosaurus", is derived from the Latin words "trans", meaning "across" and "silva", meaning "forest", and the Greek word "sauros", meaning "lizard" (σαύρος). The generic name references Transylvania, the region that contains the type locality of the genus in the Haţeg Basin . The specific name, "platycephalus", combines the Greek words "platys" (πλατύς), meaning wide, and "kephale" (κεφαλῇ), meaning head, in reference to the unusual width of the skull compared to related taxa.
Classification
In their phylogenetic analyses, Augustin et al. (2022) recovered Transylvanosaurus as a member of the Rhabdodontidae. The cladogram below displays the results of their phylogenetic analyses.
Despite these results, Augustin et al. propose "particularly close relationships" with Rhabdodon based on morphological comparisons.
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34abd56e-b220-4828-a245-040e90aa118f
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Judy is a (usually) female personal name. It is sometimes a given name, but more often it is a hypocorism (affectionate diminutive of a personal name) which takes the place of a given name, usually Judith.
The great majority of persons named Judy are female, but not all.
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7e578891-dee7-48c3-8aa7-e3aa15a31594
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