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Yoga guru who founded Siddha Yoga (1908–1982)
Swami Muktananda Paramahamsa (16 May 1908 – 2 October 1982), born Krishna Rai, was a yoga guru, the founder of Siddha Yoga. He was a disciple of Bhagavan Nityananda. He wrote books on the subjects of Kundalini Shakti, Vedanta, and Kashmir Shaivism, including a spiritual autobiography entitled The Play of Consciousness. In honorific style, he is often referred to as Swami Muktananda, or Baba Muktananda, or in a familiar way just Baba.
Biography
Swami Muktananda was born in 1908 near Mangalore in Madras Presidency, British India, to a wealthy family. His birth name was Krishna Rai.
At 15, he encountered Bhagawan Nityananda, a wandering avadhoot who profoundly changed his life. After this encounter, Krishna left home and began his search for the experience of God. He studied under Siddharudha Swami in Hubli, where he learned Sanskrit, Vedanta, and all branches of yoga. He received sannyasa initiation in the Sarasvati order of the Dashanami Sampradaya, taking the name of Swami Muktananda. After Siddharudha's death, Muktananda left to study with a disciple of Siddharudha called Muppinarya Swami at his Sri Airani Holematt in Ranebennur Haveri District. Then Swami Muktananda began wandering India on foot, studying with many different saints and gurus.
In 1947, Muktananda went to Ganeshpuri to receive the darshan of Bhagavan Nityananda, who had originally inspired Muktananda's search for God. He received shaktipat initiation from him on August 15 of that year. Muktananda often said that his spiritual journey did not truly begin until he received shaktipat from Nityananda. He described it as a profound and sublime experience. For the next nine years, Muktananda lived and meditated in a small hut in Yeola. He wrote about his sadhana and kundalini-related meditation experiences in his autobiography.
In 1956, Bhagawan Nityananda acknowledged the culmination of Muktananda's spiritual journey. He appointed Muktananda as the leader of an ashram in Ganeshpuri, near Bombay. The same year he started teaching his Siddha Yoga path. Between 1970 and 1981, Muktananda went on three world tours. During these tours, he established Siddha Yoga ashrams and meditation centers in many countries. In 1975, he founded the Siddha Yoga Ashram in Oakland in the San Francisco Bay area. In 1979, he established Shree Nityananda Ashram (now Shree Muktananda Ashram) in the Catskills, northwest of New York City. Muktananda established Gurudev Siddha Peeth as a public trust in India to administer his work there. He founded the SYDA Foundation in the United States to administer the global work of Siddha Yoga meditation. He wrote many books, sixteen of which are still in print with the SYDA Foundation.
In May 1982, Muktananda appointed two successors, Swami Chidvilasananda and her younger brother, Swami Nityananda, as joint leaders of Siddha Yoga. Nityananda later resigned and formed his own group.
Muktananda died in October 1982. He is buried in his samādhi shrine in Gurudev Siddha Peeth in Ganeshpuri.
Teaching and practice
Central to his teachings were to "See God in each other," and "Honor your Self. Worship your Self. Meditate on your Self. God dwells within you as you." Muktananda often gave a shorter version of this teaching: "God dwells within you as you."
According to Lola Williamson, Muktananda was known as a "shaktipat guru because kundalini awakening occurred so readily in his presence". Through Shaktipat Intensives participants were said to receive shaktipat initiation, the awakening of Kundalini Shakti that is said to reside within a person, and to deepen their practice of Siddha Yoga meditation. Historically, Shaktipat initiation had been reserved for the few who had done many years of spiritual service and practices; Muktananda offered this initiation to newcomers and yogis alike. There are several published accounts that describe the reception of shaktipat from Muktananda. Paul Zweig wrote one such account of receiving shaktipat from Muktananda. In Gurus of Modern Yoga, Andrea Jain, in her chapter on Muktananda, quotes an anonymous source, who describes his moment of shaktipat, when he was 19 years old, conferred by Muktananda with a wand of peacock feathers in 1975:
I almost jumped when the peacock feathers, firmly but with a soft weightiness, hit me repeatedly on my head, and then gently brushed my face as [Muktananda] [...] powerfully pressed one of his fingers into my forehead at a spot located just between my eyebrows [...] I'm honestly somewhat reluctant to write about what happened next because I know that whatever I say will inevitably diminish it, will make it sound as if it were just another "powerful experience." This was not an experience. This was THE event of my spiritual life. This was full awakening. This wasn't "knowing" anything, because you only know something that is separate from you. This was being: the Ultimate - a fountain of Light, a dancing, ever-new source. Utter freedom, utter joy [...] Completely fulfilled, completely whole, no limits to my power and love and light."
Alleged sexual assaults
Sarah Caldwell, in an essay in the academic journal Nova Religio (2001), argued that Muktananda was both an enlightened spiritual teacher and a practitioner of Shakta Tantrism, but also "engaged in actions that were not ethical, legal or liberatory with many disciples." According to Lola Williamson, "Muktananda stressed the value of celibacy for making progress on the spiritual path, but he almost certainly violated his own rules." Author Andrea Jain asserts "Muktananda engaged in secret sexual rituals with several of his young female disciples—some of whom were teenagers—that were meant to transmit sakti to the tantric hero."
In 1981, Stan Trout, a swami for Siddha Yoga, wrote an open letter in which he referred to a number of stories of Muktananda engaging in sexual activities with young women, and threats and harassment in order to force people to "stop talking about your escapades with young girls in your bedroom." In 1983 William Rodarmor printed several allegations in CoEvolution Quarterly from anonymous female devotees that Muktananda regularly had sex with them and raped them. In the article, based on twenty five interviews, former devotees charged that Muktananda had molested under-age girls, and engaged in sexual interactions with young devotees, which "drew naive young women into esoteric Tantric rituals." Lis Harris repeated and extended Rodarmor's allegations in an article in The New Yorker (1994).
Bibliography
Sources
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John Koenig may refer to:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_County_Medical_Examiner"}
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The Office of Allegheny County Medical Examiner investigates cases of persons who die within Allegheny County, Pennsylvania from criminal violence by casualty or by suicide, when unattended by a physician; under correctional custody or any other suspicious or unusual manner. The office's jurisdiction includes the city of Pittsburgh and its immediate suburbs.
Prior to 2005 the Coroner was an elected position within the county, however on December 29, 2005 the position was abolished and retitled "Medical Examiner" with all future office holders being appointees of the Allegheny County Executive once approved by county council. Longtime coroner Cyril Wecht continued to serve as both the last coroner and first medical examiner.
The Medical Examiner's Office also houses the Forensic Laboratory Division for the county. The disciplines within the laboratory are Drug Chemistry, Environmental Health, Firearms/Toolmarks, Forensic Biology, Latent Prints, Mobile Crime Unit, Toxicology, and Trace Evidence.
The office made headlines in the 1930s in its investigations into some of the Mad Butcher Killings. In the 1950s the office (headed by William McClelland) was a leader in attempting to raise the driving age from 16 to 18. The 1970s had the office gaining national prominence as Dr. Cyril Wecht led several investigations into the John F. Kennedy assassination.
History
The office, then known as the Corner's office, was located at #6 Eighth Street in 1901.
The office has been headed by several notable coroners/medical examiners including:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_AFC_Bournemouth_season"}
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Bournemouth 1999–2000 football season
During the 1999–2000 English football season, AFC Bournemouth competed in the Football League Second Division where they finished in 16th position on 57 points.
Final league table
Source:
Rules for classification: In the Football League goals scored (GF) takes precedence over goal difference (GD).
Results
Bournemouth's score comes first
Legend
Football League Division Two
League Cup
FA Cup
Football League Trophy
Squad
Appearances for competitive matches only
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyrazh-e_Sofla"}
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Village in Kermanshah, Iran
Neyrazh-e Sofla (Persian: نيرژسفلي, also Romanized as Neyrazh-e Soflá; also known as Beh Sheleh) is a village in Zamkan Rural District, in the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 247, in 60 families.
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Xsun is an X Window System (X11) display server implementation included with Solaris, developed by Sun Microsystems. It replaced the older Xnews server, which supported the display of not only X11 applications, but also NeWS and SunView programs. Xsun discontinued support for these legacy environments, and added support for Display PostScript.
Xsun was first released as part of Solaris 2.3 in November 1993. It was originally based on X11R5; the version included with Solaris 10 is based on X11R6.6.
Solaris 10 includes both Xsun and the X.Org Server, Xorg, the open-source software reference implementation of X, based on X11R7. The Xorg server was the most commonly used display server on x86 systems, while the Xsun server remained the most commonly used on SPARC systems; Xorg support for SPARC was only added in Solaris 10 8/07, and had very limited driver support. The OpenSolaris project stated that the future direction of X support is the X.Org implementation. Oracle Solaris 11, released in November, 2011, includes only the Xorg server (X.Org 1.10.3).
Design
In contrast to XFree86, Xsun implemented kernel-based mode setting for some graphics device drivers.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_668"}
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State Route 668 (SR 668) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties. The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 668.
List
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American biologist
Virginia Zakian is the Harry C. Wiess Professor in the Life Sciences in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. She is the director of the Zakian Lab, which has done important research in topics such as telomere-binding protein, telomere recombination, and telomere position effects, at Princeton University. She is a fellow at the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Association for the Advancement of Science., and is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences (2018). Zakian served as the chair of "Princeton's Task force on the Status of Women Faculty in the Natural Sciences and Engineering at Princeton" from 2001-2003, in 2003 Zakian became Princeton University's representative to Nine Universities, Gender Equity Analysis She was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2019.
Education and career
Zakian completed her A.B. in Biology at Cornell University, graduating cum laude and with distinction in all subjects, in 1970. Zakian went on to pursue graduate work in Biology at Yale University, while she was working on her Ph.D. (1970–1973) she received a NSF predoctoral fellowship. In 1975, Zakian completed her Ph.D. in Biology, her thesis was supervised by Joseph G. Gall and concerned "DNA replication in Drosophila." Zakian served as a postdoctoral fellow at Princeton University from 1975–1976, during this time she conducted research on "animal virus replication" with Dr. AJ Levine. Later in 1976, Zakian continued her postdoctoral research at the University of Washington where she worked on research concerning "yeast DNA Replication" with Dr. WL Fangman.
In 1978, Zakian joined the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center as an assistant member, Zakian was promoted to the position of an "associate member" in 1984 and to the position of"full member" in 1987. During her time at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Zakian published or co-published around sixty articles in peer-reviewed journals like Nature (journal), Cell (journal), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and the Journal of Molecular Biology. Additionally, during her stay at Fred Hutchinson, Zakian served as either an editor, associate editor or member of the editorial board of journals such as: Plasmid (1986–90), Chromosoma (1990–), J. Exptl. Zoology (1991–96), Trends in Cell Biology (1991–97), Molecular and Cellular Biology (1992–98), Genes to Cells (1994–98).
In 1995, Zakian was appointed as a professor in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. Zakian was awarded the Harry C. Wiess Professor in the Life Sciences in the Department of Molecular Biology in the year 2000, a position that she holds to this day. Zakian served as the chair of "Princeton's Task force on the Status of Women Faculty in the Natural Sciences and Engineering at Princeton." from 2001-2003, in 2003 Zakian became Princeton University's representative to Nine Universities, Gender Equity Analysis
Research Area
Zakian has published 150 papers in peer-reviewed journals throughout her career. Most of Zakian's research concerns telomeres, which are "the region[s] of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes." Zakian's lab " uses a combination of genetic, biochemical, and cell biological approaches to identify proteins that affect telomeres and to determine their mechanism of action." One of the lab's "major goal[s] is to understand how telomeres, the physical ends of chromosomes, contribute to chromosome stability."
Zakian, along with GM Dani, "were the first to construct and characterize a linear artificial chromosome." in 1983. This work, along with another related study helped to introduce the "use ciliate telomeres to generate linear yeast episomes, a strategy that began the molecular era of yeast telomere biology" Zakian, working with a team of other researchers in the paper "Position effect at S. cerevisiae telomeres: reversible repression of Pol II transcription" (Gottschling et al. 1990 Cell) "discovered telomere position effect, TPE, the transcriptional repression of genes near telomeres in budding yeast." In 1994, Zakian, along with Schulz, "identified the Pif1p DNA helicase as an inhibitor of telomere lengthening and especially of telomere formation." In "Pif1p helicase, a catalytic inhibitor of telomerase in yeast." a team of researchers, including Zakian, found that "Pif1p-like helicases are found in diverse organisms, including humans" and that "Pif1p is the prototype member of a helicase subfamily" The team proposed that "Pif1p-mediated inhibition of telomerase promotes genetic stability by suppressing telomerase-mediated healing of double-strand breaks." Ivessa, Zhou and Zakian later discovered another, "highly connected," member of Pif1p's "helicase subfamily" called Rrm3p. In their paper they found that both Pif1p and Rrm3p both "affected rDNA replication but had opposing effects on fork progression." On the one hand, "Pif1p helped maintain the replication fork progression" while "Rrm3p appears to be the replicative helicase for rDNA as it acted catalytically to promote fork progression throughout the rDNA."
Selected publications
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The relationship between incarceration and health, compared to research on other social effects of incarceration, has been a topic of research for a relatively short period of time. Most of the foundational research on this topic was conducted in the 25 years before 2015, and indicates that incarceration generally has negative effects on prisoners' mental health, but some positive effects on their physical health. In the United States, the negative health effects of incarceration contribute to racial disparities in health between white and black women.
Cardiovascular effects
Former prisoners have higher odds of hospitalization and death from cardiovascular disease, even after controlling for socioeconomic status and race.
Youth
The incarceration of juveniles often results in adverse mental health consequences, especially in adult facilities. Such incarceration is also related to worse health across the life course.
Menopause
Support for women experiencing menopause in incarceration is outlined in the 2009 Kyiv Declaration on Women’s Health in Prison.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_18/24"}
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The Austin 18-24 (or 18-24 hp) is a large 5-litre luxury motor-car that was produced by the British manufacturer Austin. Despite the name, its successive engines rated around 30 horsepower for tax purposes and the pundits of the day regarded it as really a 30–40. It was launched in 1907 with the 25-30's 5.3-litre (4½ x 5 inches) engine and in Austin's catalogue replaced the 15-20, of which only four were made. The next year it used the 15-20's 4.4-litre engine.
In June 1920 The Times referred to it as (Austin's) ". . . famous 18-hp of years ago". The 18-24 was the first big seller for Austin, reaching sales of 1,566 by the end of 1913.
It was in fact replaced for 1914 by the 6.1-litre 30.6 tax horsepower Austin 30 hp. though the catalogue showed a new 20-hp described by the same pundits with the note "20 hp is a very fair estimate of its ranking".
Specification
The 18-24 began with the 32.8 tax horsepower 4-cylinder 5.3-litre engine intended for the 25-30 then the following year it was switched to the same 27.3 tax horsepower 4.4-litre (4399 cc) (4⅛ x 5 inches) engine as the short-lived 15–20. Finally the engine was enlarged to 30 tax horsepower and 4.8-litres (4⅜ x 5 inches) for 1911.
Tax ratings 32.8 hp, 27.3 hp, 30 hp.
There was a choice of wheelbase:
The short wheel-base was sold as a two-seater Ranelagh (with dicky seat).
Repute
from their Motoring Correspondent, The Times June 1914
"Among the English firms who have built up a well-merited reputation with one particular type out of their range of models is the Austin Motor Company. For some years they have sold to the public a very sound vehicle in their 18 hp four-cylinder model. It may be said that the 18 hp Austin was one of the historic cars ranking in fame with the old 18 hp Mercedes, the 15 hp Panhard, the 40 hp Rolls-Royce and some others. This car varied slightly in certain details from year to year, but the main characteristics of the type were preserved for a considerable time. It had its faults, but its virtues were sufficiently positive to gain for it a place among the cars of repute."
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Mississippi"}
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The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Mississippi:
The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:
For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.
Pre-statehood (1798–1817)
1817–1873
1879–1979
1980–present
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Nunataks in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica
The Ford Nunataks (85°35′S 131°30′W / 85.583°S 131.500°W / -85.583; -131.500Coordinates: 85°35′S 131°30′W / 85.583°S 131.500°W / -85.583; -131.500) are a cluster of nunataks and low peaks rising above a network of ice-drowned ridges about 9 nautical miles (17 km) in extent, lying 7 nautical miles (13 km) northwest of Murtaugh Peak in the Wisconsin Range of the Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Franklin E. Ford, a construction mechanic with the winter parties at the Byrd Station in 1961 and then the South Pole Station in 1965.
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In Canada, the Copyright Act provides a monopoly right to owners of copyrighted works. This implies no person can use the work without authorization or consent from the copyright owner. However, certain exceptions in the Act govern circumstances where a work will not be held to have been infringed.
Principal Defences
Defendants can, where applicable, argue that copyright infringement could not have taken place, as:
Other defences may be available to the defendants, in cases where some features of copyrighted work exists, but does not constitute infringement. These include:
Public Interest
At common law, copyright may be overridden for public interest reasons, albeit in very rare circumstances.
In Lion Laboratories v Evans, the copyrighted information about malfunctioning breathalyser machines was reproduced. Such reproduction was held to be justified, despite the nature of material, being confidential and protected by copyright. Court agreed to the defence of public interest, raised by defendants on ground of investigations made regarding the accuracy of the equipment to avoid incorrect readings when used by the police on motorist. As Griffiths LJ noted in his judgment:
I can see no sensible reason why this defence should be limited to cases in which there has been wrongdoing on the part of the plaintiffs.... No doubt it is in such circumstances that the defence will usually arise, but it is not difficult to think of instances where, although there has been no wrongdoing on the part of the plaintiff, it may be vital in the public interest to publish a part of his confidential information.
In Beloff v Pressdram Ltd, the defence of public interest has been interwoven with fair dealing. The court observed fair dealing as a statutory defence limited to infringement of copyright. On the other hand, public interest acts as a defence outside, and independent of statutes, which is based on principles of common law.
The public interest defence is identical to that available in cases concerning breach of confidence, and is available when the necessity to publish more than just short extracts is required. It is distinct from the power arising from the inherent jurisdiction of the courts "to refuse to allow their process to be used [to] give effect to contracts which are ... illegal, immoral or prejudicial to family life because they offend against the policy of the law."
Fair Dealing
The Copyright Act states that fair dealing exists when it is done:
In Hubbard v Vosper, Lord Denning MR observed, "It is impossible to define what is 'fair dealing.' It must be a question of degree," and "after all is said and done, it must be a matter of impression." He gave several guidelines for analyzing what is fair or not:
Hubbard was adopted in Canadian jurisprudence in 1997 in Allen v Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd, which ousted the 1943 Exchequer Court of Canada case of Zamacois v Douville and Marchand in the area of what constitutes fair dealing in illustrating a current news story. In so holding, Sedgwick J observed:
To the extent that this decision is considered an authority for the proposition that reproduction of an entire newspaper article or, in this case, a photograph of a magazine cover, can never be considered a fair dealing with the article (or magazine cover) for purposes of news summary or reporting, we respectfully disagree.
CCH Canadian Ltd v Law Society of Upper Canada, expanded upon that, with the Supreme Court of Canada holding that fair dealing, as well as related exceptions, is a user’s right. In order to maintain the proper balance between the rights of copyright owners and user’s interest, it must not be interpreted restrictively. It is also integral to the Act, and the defence is always available. The Court gave a two-stage test for determining whether fair dealing applies:
The effect of CCH has been for Canada becoming less rigid than the UK in interpreting fair dealing, and more flexible than the US approach of fair use in its copyright law. Further expansion of the jurisprudence came in 2012 with SOCAN v Bell Canada and Alberta (Education) v Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright).
Regarding other specific matters concerning fair dealing:
Other statutory exceptions
Sections 29.21–32.3 provide other exceptions from copyright infringement in cases concerning:
Possible defences
Several other arguments have been presented as possible defences for copyright infringement:
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Freeworld Entertainment was a record label formed in 1997 by Dallas Austin and Kevin Czinger.
History
Inception (1996-1998)
The history of Freeworld begins with Kevin Czinger's purchase of Zoo Entertainment from BMG in 1996 with the support of financial backers Allen & Co. Though Zoo was initially run in conjunction with Czinger's own label Volcano Entertainment, it was eventually absorbed into it. In the fall of 1997, Czinger merged the label with Dallas Austin's Rowdy Records to create Freeworld Entertainment. As a combination of the two producers' respective labels, Freeworld consisted of artists from both previous labels' catalogs. The label benefited from Austin's industry connections and Czinger's keen insight into the business. Unfortunately, the label was wrought with bad luck from its inception. In September 1997, a month after Austin and Czinger worked together, former Volcano flagship artist Tool attempted to dissolve ties to the label by claiming that Freeworld had failed to exercise its option to renew the band's contract. To make matters worse, Austin removed himself from the label after Freeworld made considerable investments in his artists.
Czinger attempted to recall his previous success by changing the name of the label back to Zoo Entertainment, however, the damage was already too severe. In the spring of 1998 after putting more than $20 million info Freeworld, Allen & Co. sold the label to Clive Calder's Zomba Label Group. Zomba eventually brought back the Volcano Entertainment moniker. It wasn't until December 1998 that the lawsuit with Tool was resolved, however, by then the Freeworld name had been dissipated.
Reactivation (1999-2002)
In early 1999, Capitol entered into a relationship with Austin to restart the Freeworld Entertainment label. Some of the first artists on the newly formed label were Detroit vocal quartet Vega and preteen R&B vocalist Sammie. The new version of Freeworld lasted sometime into the early 2000s, however, it eventually dissolved as well. Austin would go on to reform his own Rowdy Records in 2005 under the Universal Music Group.
Freeworld Artists
Inception
Many artist from Volcano Entertainment and Rowdy Records were on the Freeworld imprint, however, not all came over. The list below consists of artists that had actual physical releases (promotional or otherwise) with Freeworld.
Reactivation
These artists had released on the second incarnation of Freeworld. They were not necessarily affiliated with the previous incarnation of Freeworld, or with Volcano or Rowdy Records.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycerika_McMahon"}
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Irish swimmer
Sycerika McMahon (born 11 April 1995) is a retired Irish swimmer from Portaferry, County Down
McMahon won a bronze medal in the 400m freestyle at the 2010 European Junior Swimming Championships in Helsinki with a time of 4:15.92, an Irish junior record. In the 2011 Championships in Belgrade she won gold in the 400m freestyle with a time of 4:13.85 (more than 2 seconds faster than her time the previous year), another gold in the 50m breaststroke with a time of 32.00 (0.2 seconds faster the previous year's winner Lisa Fissneider), and a silver medal in the 200m freestyle with a time of 2:00.61, 0.11 seconds behind Russian Ksenia Yuskova.
At 17 she became the youngest Irish medal-winner in a major event when she took silver in the 50 metre breaststroke at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships in Debrecen, where she also set a new Irish record. She competed for Ireland at the 2012 Summer Olympics, finishing 26th overall in the 100 metre breaststroke and 22nd overall in the 200 metre individual medley, where she came third in her heat. In the 2012 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Chartres she won bronze in the 50 m breaststroke behind Petra Chocová and Rikke Møller Pedersen. In 2013 McMahon took up a scholarship to study at Texas A&M University. In her Freshman year she became the second-fastest A&M Aggie ever in the 100 yard breaststroke when she finished fourth in the event at the SEC Championships with a time of 59.35 seconds.
McMahon announced her retirement from the sport on Instagram in June 2017, aged 22.
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Person who consumes a ritual meal for the deceased
A sin-eater is a person who consumes a ritual meal in order to spiritually take on the sins of a deceased person. The food was believed to absorb the sins of a recently dead person, thus absolving the soul of the person. Sin-eaters, as a consequence, carried the sins of all people whose sins they had eaten; they were usually feared and shunned.
Cultural anthropologists and folklorists classify sin-eating as a form of ritual. It is most commonly associated with Wales, English counties bordering Wales and Welsh culture.
Attestations
History
While there have been analogous instances of sin-eaters throughout history, the questions of how common the practice was, when it was practiced, and what the interactions between sin-eaters, common people, and religious authorities were remain largely unstudied by folklore academics.[citation needed]
In Meso-American civilization, Tlazolteotl, the Aztec goddess of vice, purification, steam baths, lust and filth, and a patroness of adulterers (her name literally means 'Sacred Filth'), had a redemptive role in religious practices. At the end of an individual's life, they were allowed to confess misdeeds to this deity, and according to legend she would cleanse the soul by "eating its filth".
In wider Christian practice, Jesus of Nazareth has been interpreted as a universal archetype for sin-eaters, offering his life to atone or purify all of humanity of their sins.
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica states in its article on "sin eaters":
A symbolic survival of it (sin eating) was witnessed as recently as 1893 at Market Drayton, Shropshire. After a preliminary service had been held over the coffin in the house, a woman poured out a glass of wine for each bearer and handed it to him across the coffin with a 'funeral biscuit.' In Upper Bavaria sin-eating still survives: a corpse cake is placed on the breast of the dead and then eaten by the nearest relative, while in the Balkan peninsula a small bread image of the deceased is made and eaten by the survivors of the family. The Dutch doed-koecks or 'dead-cakes', marked with the initials of the deceased, introduced into America in the 17th century, were long given to the attendants at funerals in old New York. The 'burial-cakes' which are still made in parts of rural England, for example Lincolnshire and Cumberland, are almost certainly a relic of sin-eating.
In Wales and the Welsh Marches
The term "Sin-eater" appears to derive from Welsh culture and is most often associated with Wales itself and in the English counties bordering Wales.
Seventeenth-century diarist John Aubrey, in the earliest source on the practice, wrote that "an old Custome" in Herefordshire had been
at funerals to hire poor people, who were to take upon them all the sinnes of the party deceased. One of them I remember lived in a Cottage on Rosse-high way. (He was a long, lean, ugly, lamentable Raskel.) The manner was that when the Corps was brought out of the house, and layd on the Biere; a Loafe of bread was brought out, and delivered to the Sinne-eater over the Corps, and also a Mazar-bowl of maple (Gossips bowle) full of beer, which he was to drinke up, and sixpence in money, in consideration whereof he took upon him (ipso facto) all the Sinnes of the Defunct, and freed him (or her) from walking after they were dead.
John Bagford (ca.1650–1716) includes the following description of the sin-eating ritual in his Letter on Leland's Collectanea, i. 76. (as cited in Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, 1898)
Notice was given to an old sire before the door of the house, when some of the family came out and furnished him with a cricket [low stool], on which he sat down facing the door; then they gave him a groat which he put in his pocket, a crust of bread which he ate, and a bowl of ale which he drank off at a draught. After this he got up from the cricket and pronounced the case and rest of the soul departed, for which he would pawn his own soul.
By 1838, Catherine Sinclair noted the practice was in decline but that it continued in the locality:
A strange popish custom prevailed in Monmouthshire and other Western counties until recently. Many funerals were attended by a professed "sin-eater," hired to take upon him the sins of the deceased. By swallowing bread and beer, with a suitable ceremony before the corpse, he was supposed to free it from every penalty for past offences, appropriating the punishment to himself. Men who undertook so daring an imposture must all have been infidels, willing, apparently, like Esau, to sell their birthright for a mess of pottage.
A local legend in Shropshire, England, concerns the grave of Richard Munslow, who died in 1906, said to be the last sin-eater of the area. Unusually, Munslow was not poor or an outcast, instead being a wealthy farmer from an established family. Munslow may have revived the custom after the deaths of three of his children in a week 1870 due to scarlet fever. In the words of local Reverend Norman Morris of Ratlinghope, "It was a very odd practice and would not have been approved of by the church but I suspect the vicar often turned a blind eye to the practice." At the funeral of anyone who had died without confessing their sins, a sin-eater would take on the sins of the deceased by eating a loaf of bread and drinking ale out of a wooden bowl passed over the coffin, and make a short speech:
I give easement and rest now to thee, dear man, that ye walk not down the lanes or in our meadows. And for thy peace I pawn my own soul. Amen.
The 1926 book Funeral Customs by Bertram S. Puckle mentions the sin-eater:
Professor Evans of the Presbyterian College, Carmarthen, allegedly saw a sin-eater about the year 1825, who was then living near Llanwenog, Cardiganshire. Abhorred by the superstitious villagers as a thing unclean, the sin-eater cut himself off from all social intercourse with his fellow creatures by reason of the life he had chosen; he lived as a rule in a remote place by himself, and those who chanced to meet him avoided him as they would a leper. This unfortunate was held to be the associate of evil spirits, and given to witchcraft, incantations and unholy practices; only when a death took place did they seek him out, and when his purpose was accomplished they burned the wooden bowl and platter from which he had eaten the food handed across, or placed on the corpse for his consumption.
In popular culture
William Sharp, writing as Fiona Macleod, published a weird tale entitled "The Sin Eater" in 1895.
"The Sins of the Fathers", a 1972 episode of the American television series Night Gallery, features Richard Thomas as a sin-eater in medieval Wales.
Published in 1977 by Duckworth Books, The Sin Eater was the first of British writer Alice Thomas Ellis's many novels. It "exposed the hidden rancours of Irish, Welsh and English," in the words of journalist and writer Clare Colvin. Writing for the Los Angeles Review of Books, Abby Geni comments, "The story orbits around the Captain, a failing patriarch, and the family who have gathered at his bedside. There are no ghosts or disembodied voices here. Instead, lovely Rose organizes meals and cricket matches. Angela, visiting from out of town, vies with Rose for control of the proceedings. Awkward Ermyn searches for her place in the group. Servants lurk on the sidelines. The story is ripe with shadows and terror. An unclassifiable menace seeps through the book like a fog."
The 1978 TV miniseries The Dark Secret of Harvest Home features a funeral scene wherein all the mourners in attendance avert their faces as a repudiated fellow designated the sin-eater dines upon a symbolic meal, which includes a coin pressed into a cheese, thereby taking the deceased's transgressions in life upon himself.
Sin-Eater is the name of a Marvel Comics villain.
Margaret Atwood wrote a short story titled "The Sin-Eater". It was dramatised by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in their radio series Anthology in 1981.
The 2003 movie The Order is a fictional horror story revolving around the investigation of the suspicious death of an excommunicated priest and the discovery of a Sin Eater headquartered in Rome.
The 2004 movie The Final Cut is set in a world where memories are recorded, and then "cut" into positive hagiographies on the person's death; the "cutters" are referred to as sin-eaters.
The 2007 film The Last Sin Eater tells the story of a community of Welsh immigrants in Appalachia, 1850. The sin eater of the community is seen through the eyes of ten-year-old Cadi Forbes.
In the film The Bourne Legacy (2012), a central character who leads a US government black ops program describes himself and his team as "sin eaters", doing the "morally indefensible" but absolutely necessary thing, "so that the rest of our cause can stay pure."
The American TV show Sleepy Hollow used the term Sin-Eater as the title of Season 1, episode 6, as a way to introduce another character on the show that is a sin-eater.
The American TV show Lucifer used the term Sin-Eater as the title of season 2, episode 3, to refer to the content moderation employees of a fictional social media company. The American TV show Arrow did so too in the season 5, episode 14, referring to a flash-back story of Anatoli Knyazev telling Oliver Queen he acts as a sin-eater.
In the American TV show Succession, Gerri, Waystar Royco's general counsel, suggests to Tom Wambsgans that he become the family sin-eater and destroy evidence of illegal activities aboard the company's cruise lines, "Have you ever heard of the sin cake eater? He would come to the funeral and he would eat all the little cakes they’d lay out on the corpse. He ate up all the sins. And you know what? The sin cake eater was very well paid. And so long as there was another one who came along after he died, it all worked out. So this might not be the best situation, but there are harder jobs and you get to eat an amazing amount of cake."
The White Wolf publishing company's role-playing game Geist: The Sin-Eaters is named for the concept, though it never directly references the actual ritual practice.
The comic series Finder features a main character who is a sin-eater, and thus despised by his mother's culture as the lowest member of their society.
In the MMORPG Final Fantasy XIV: Shadowbringers, sin eaters are recurring hostile entities that aim to devour all living beings in The First, mindless monsters driven by insatiable hunger for living aether. The stronger sin-eaters are capable of "forgiving" the creatures they attack, gruesomely and permanently mutating them into newborn sin eaters. Most of these creatures tend to be named as "forgiven" sins (Forgiven Cowardice, Forgiven Cruelty, Forgiven Hypocrisy, etc.). The strongest sin eaters are known as Lightwardens.
In A Breath of Snow and Ashes, the sixth book in the Outlander series of novels by Diana Gabaldon, Roger Wakefield presides over the funeral of Hiram Crombie's mother-in-law, Mrs. Wilson, where a sin-eater makes an appearance.
The Sin Eater's Daughter is a YA fantasy novel written by Melinda Salisbury which includes a version of the practice and was published on February 24, 2015.
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Joost de Valk is an entrepreneur and application software developer from Wijchen, Netherlands who is best known for Yoast SEO. De Valk started out as a consultant and blogger in 2004 before developing Yoast, one of the most successful plug-ins for WordPress.
Career
De Valk started out as a consultant for companies like: eBay, The Guardian, Disney, and other major companies. Working on the plugin was a hobby in his spare time. De Valk started a blog in 2004, and by 2005 his website for SEO was named "joostdevalk.nl". After moving to and eventually selling the domain "css3.info", de Valk created the Yoast platform in 2007, and launched the first version of WordPress SEO in 2010, and founded the company Yoast BV in 2010.
At first, the Yoast company was to consult before he developed both the Yoast SEO plugin and a Google Analytics plugin, both for WordPress. In 2012, De Valk released a premium version of Yoast SEO. In April 2016, Yoast BV sold the Google Analytics for WordPress plugin. In June 2020, Yoast acquired the Duplicate Post plugin, another very popular WordPress plugin.
The software that De Valk created runs on more than nine million websites and on 11.4% of the top million sites in the world. On WordPress, the De Valk SEO software has been downloaded five million times. Michael David, the author of WordPress Search Engine Optimization (2015), referred to it as "the granddaddy of all SEO plugins".
In January 2019 De Valk stepped down as CEO to become Chief Product Officer for Yoast and began working for WordPress in marketing. De Valk's wife Marieke van de Rakt, took over as director (CEO) of Yoast. De Valk left his position with WordPress after six months citing a failure to see his place in the organization. De Valk and his wife are investors in blockchain startup WordProof.
Personal
When De Valk was twelve years old he borrowed money from his parents for a computer; he then began building websites. He attended the University of Applied Sciences and continued in Internet Technology. At 24 years old he became a father. De Valk married Marieke van de Rakt and together they had four children. Marieke was a professor with a Ph.D and she left her job in 2013 to support Yoast SEO.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Wilson_(Medal_of_Honor)"}
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Charles E. Wilson (1840 – August 15, 1915) was an American soldier and recipient of the Medal of Honor during the American Civil War.
Biography
Wilson was born in 1840 in Bucks County, Pennsylvania and died August 15, 1915 in Trenton, New Jersey. During the Civil War he enlisted in the 1st New Jersey Cavalry and served as a Sergeant. He earned his medal in the Battle of Sayler's Creek, Virginia on April 6, 1865. The medal was presented to him on July 3, 1865.
Medal of Honor citation
Medal of Honor citation reads:
For extraordinary heroism on 6 April 1865, in action at Deatonsville (Sailor's Creek), Virginia. Sergeant Wilson charged the enemy's works, colors in hand, and had two horses shot from under him.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_LCI(L)-339"}
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USS LCI(L)-339 was an amphibious assault ship (Landing Craft Infantry – Large), commissioned in 1942 by the United States Coast Guard. She participated in the Australian Army's 9th Division's landing at Lae on 4 September 1943, where she was abandoned after being hit during a Japanese air attack. The bomb exploded on the deck forward of the bridge, killing Lieutenant Colonel R. E. Wall, the commander of the 2/23rd Battalion and 6 others, and wounding 28. Her hulk was beached, until sometime later, when her hull was towed off the beach and cast adrift, becoming a wreck on a nearby reef.
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Thai sports shooter
Amorn Yuktanandana (born 16 June 1928, died before 2016) was a Thai sports shooter. He competed at the 1960, 1964, 1968 Summer Olympics and 1958 and 1966 Asian Games.
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2003 French film
Three Blind Mice is a 2003 British / French crime film directed by Mathias Ledoux and starring Edward Furlong and Emilia Fox.
Cast
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519e2bc6-23f9-4469-85ad-ab99a4d73897
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Orion"}
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Cruise ship
Viking Orion is a cruise ship operated by Viking Ocean Cruises. The ship was built by Fincantieri at its yard in Ancona, Italy. It was delivered to Viking Cruises on June 7, 2018. The ship was christened by NASA astronaut Anna Fisher in a ceremony at Livorno, Italy. The ship was named after Orion the Hunter, a constellation and has the unique feature of a planetarium.
Operational history
The ship's maiden voyage was a 'shakedown cruise' (not open to the public) which departed from Rome, Italy and ended in Barcelona, Spain. The first commercial voyage departed Barcelona on June 19, 2018.
On January 2, 2023, the ship was asked to leave New Zealand waters due to excess algae and barnacles. The ship was subsequently prohibited from docking in Adelaide, Australia due to the same issues, causing passengers to be stranded onboard. Four port stops were missed. The cruise line hired divers to clean the hull whilst it was in international waters.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IK_Tellus"}
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Swedish football club
Football club
IK Tellus is a Swedish sports club, having teams in football, bandy and handball. The club is located in Tellusborg, Stockholm.
Background
Tellusborgs IF was formed on 11 April 1921 and brought together several disparate groups of youngsters in Tellusborg after much negotiation. However, controversy about the club name remained and at a Sunday meeting at the Dövas Café on 11 April 1923 the name was changed to IK Tellus.
Bandy
Football
Since their foundation IK Tellus has participated mainly in the middle and lower divisions of the Swedish football league system. The club currently plays in Division 3 Östra Svealand which is the fifth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Aspuddens IP in Tellusborg.
IK Tellus are affiliated to the Stockholms Fotbollförbund.
Season to season
Handball
The club is also playing handball. The women's handball team played the 1965–1966 season in the Swedish top division.
Footnotes
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Swedish discus thrower
Uno Fransson (18 August 1927 – 4 August 1995) was a Swedish discus thrower. He was born in Gustavsfors, Bengtsfors Municipality.
He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, where he placed 10th in the final.
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Indian actress
Ekta Sohini is an Indian actress and the wife of the actor Mohnish Bahl.[citation needed] After several small 1980s television roles, she made her film debut opposite Arbaaz Ali Khan in the coming-of-age romance film Solah Satra (1990) and starred as Aditya Pancholi's love interest in Naamcheen (1991) and Tahalka (1992). Her daughter Pranutan Bahl is also an actress.
Filmography
Television shows
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rem_Viakhirev"}
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Russian businessman (1934–2013)
Rem Ivanovich Viakhirev (Russian: Рем Ива́нович Вя́хирев, IPA: [ˈrɛm ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ˈvʲæxʲɪrʲɪf]; 23 August 1934 – 11 February 2013) was a Russian businessman. From 1992 to 2001, he was chairman of Gazprom. In May 2001, Viakhirev had to resign as chairman during Putin's consolidation of economic power. His successor is Alexey Miller.
Biography
Vyakhirev was born on August 23, 1934, in the village of Great Chernigovka, Kuybyshev Oblast.
Between 1976 and 1978, he was director of Orenburg Gazdobycha Company. Between 1978 and 1982, he was the Chief Engineer of " Orenburg Gazprom.
Between 1983 and 1985, he was Deputy Minister of Gas Industry of the USSR and the Chairman of Tyumen Gazprom company. In 1986, he became the First Deputy Minister of Gas Industry of the Soviet Union.
In 1989, he was appointed as chairman of Gazprom concern. From 1992 to 2001, he was the Gazprom CEO.
Since May 1996, he was the chairman of Siberian Oil Company. Since 1994, he was a member of the Governmental Council for Industry policy and business. Between 1994 and 1995, he was chairman of Imperia Bank. Since 1995, he was member of Board of directors of the Russian Public Television.
Between 2001 and 2002, he was the chairman of the Russian Oil Company (RGO). Viakhrev died in Moscow on February 11, 2013 at the age of 78.
Personal life
Viakhirev was married. He had a son, daughter, grandson and two granddaughters.
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Giustini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Nobles"}
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Castle in France
The Château de Nobles is a castle in the French commune of La Chapelle-sous-Brancion, in the department of Saône-et-Loire. The castle is privately owned and is not open to the public. It has been listed since 1946 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
History
Description
The castle was built on a slope. The construction consists of a long rectangular building flanked at either end by towers with conical roofs. The latter are pierced with holes for cannon in the upper parts. The rear façade of the building, flanked with a square tower, opens into a courtyard containing various agricultural outbuildings. On the ground floor, two doors are witness to the alterations carried out in the 16th century: one, fully arched, is installed in a Tuscan bay with fluted pilasters; the other, rectangular, is endowed with a frame, probably altered, consisting of two short pilasters with composite capitals whose shafts are sculpted with scales and which carry an entablature divided into coffers.
In one of the first floor rooms is a monumental chimney place whose lintel, decorated with an oval medallion surrounded with hides and rose windows, is supported by four fluted columns with Ionic capitals.
Bibliography
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12th episode of the 5th season of Bob's Burgers
"The Millie-churian Candidate" is the 12th episode of the fifth season of the animated comedy series Bob's Burgers and the overall 79th episode, and is written by Greg Thompson and directed by Don MacKinnon. It aired on Fox in the United States on February 15, 2015.
Plot
At Wagstaff elementary Tina tries to convince Louise and Gene to help her in Jimmy Jr.'s run for student body president. Louise mocks the process and refuses to help but Jimmy Jr. is unconcerned as his polling numbers show he has a 95-point lead over the only other candidate, Henry Haber. In the cafeteria, Henry hands a campaign flyer to Millie who promptly crumples it. He explains that though Jimmy Jr. wants to be everyone's friend Henry wants to be president so he can have power over people to help them. Struck with the idea of power Millie decides to run for president so she can control Louise.
Initially mocking the idea of Millie running, Louise becomes concerned when she has a nightmare where Millie wins the election and forces Louise to be her friend. Louise decides to run Jimmy Jr.'s campaign to ensure he wins over Millie. Louise creates a pro-Jimmy Jr. ad which the students find lame. She then changes tactics and creates an attack ad on Millie which backfires by making Millie sympathetic. Deciding that a negative attack ad will create sympathy for Jimmy Jr. Louise films one attacking Jimmy Jr, which causes him to slide even further in the polls. Jimmy Jr. decides to quit his campaign as Millie has offered to let him pick the songs for school dances which was his sole reason for running in the first place. Unwilling to let Millie win, Louise decides to run for office herself. She fails horribly at gaining traction for her campaign and during a debate Louise is horrified to learn Millie plans to institute an alphabetical "besties system", making it so Louise and Millie would be paired up as besties.
The day of the election Louise receives an anonymous note that encourages her to look in Abby's permanent record file. Louise forces Gene and Tina to help her break into Mr. Frond's office. They are caught by Mr. Frond, but only after Louise has already located what's inside Abby's permanent record. Louise escapes to the gym, where voting is going on, and reveals that Abby's real first name is Mabel and that, since her name comes before Millie's she will be Louise's bestie. Enraged Millie tells Louise that they will becomes besties no matter what even if she has to take out Abby and briefly chokes Abby with her own braid. Mr. Frond disqualifies both Millie and Louise in the race and then announces since there are no more candidates there will be no president. Henry reminds Mr. Frond that he is still in the race and thus becomes the de facto president. Louise tells Henry that he is lucky to have won but Henry reveals that he orchestrated both Jimmy Jr.'s downfall and was the one who sent the tip off to Louise ensuring that she would take out Millie and be disqualified herself. Louise is shocked but ultimately congratulates Henry believing he will be an amazing president.
Meanwhile, Bob buys a handcrafted $300 Japanese knife and obsesses over how well it performs. Teddy brings in his own favorite hammer to compare, and the two quickly argue over which tool is better. Linda settles the argument by having them do an "Olympics" style competition. The first round (pounding 10 nails vs slicing 10 tomatoes) ends in a tie, and so do the subsequent four rounds. The competition is settled by pitting the tools against each other and see which one causes the most damage. Bob tries to stab the hammer but doesn't make so much as a dent, and Teddy hammers the knife until it's crumpled and unusable. Though Bob is upset, he's impressed by Teddy's hammer and wishes to get one himself.
Reception
Alasdair Wilkins of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B+, saying, "There’s some wonderfully insightful character work on display in “The Millie-churian Candidate,” so perhaps it’s not such a bad thing that the episode closes by so proudly tipping its own cap. The reveal that Henry Haber engineered all this allows the episode to underline the point it’s already made about Louise and Millie, and I’ll admit I didn’t find the reveal of Henry’s own Machiavellian brilliance quite amusing enough to justify the huge amount of exposition needed to get us there."
The episode received a 0.9 rating and was watched by a total of 2.01 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Fox that night, behind Brooklyn Nine-Nine, The Simpsons and Family Guy, but ahead of Mulaney.
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Disused railway station in Milnthorpe, Cumbria
Milnthorpe railway station served the village of Milnthorpe, in the historical county of Westmorland, England, from 1846 to 1968 on the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway.
History
The station was opened on 22 August 1846 by the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway. It closed on 1 July 1968.
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Job Boretsky (Ukrainian: Йов, secular name Ivan Matfeyevich Boretsky, Polish: Iwan Borecki, died 2 March 1631) was the Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Eastern Orthodox Church from 1620 to 1631. He was a Ruthenian national, born in Bircza, Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at an unknown date. He died in the city of Kyiv in the Cossack Hetmanate. As Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' he was known as an outstanding church leader, educator, and defender of the Eastern Orthodox faith.
Biography
His family came from Bircha (Bircza) in Galicia (today in Poland). He was educated at the Lviv Dormition Brotherhood School and abroad. He worked as a teacher and rector at the Lviv Dormition Brotherhood School (1604–5) and was the first rector of the Kyiv Epiphany Brotherhood School (1615–18). In 1619, he became hegumen of St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery of Kyiv.
In August 1620 the patriarch of Jerusalem, Theophanes III, ordained Boretsky metropolitan of Kyiv, Halychyna, and All-Rus'. Boretsky had a strong influence on the Cossacks under Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny's hetmancy. As, metropolitan Boretsky composed a petition in defense of the Orthodox hierarchy entitled Protestacja (1621). Along with the Greek-Catholic Metropolitan bishop of Kyiv Josyf Veliamyn Rutsky, he favoured a general reconciliation within the Ukrainian church, but failed to gain the support of the Cossacks for his plans. A prolific translator, Boretsky also wrote poems honouring saints, petitions, prefaces, and edicts. "Perestoroha" is attributed to him. He was the co-author of "Apolleia Apolohii" (A Refutation of 'A Defense,' 1628) and the translator of "Antolohion" from the Greek (1619).
Notelist
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Hockey_Union"}
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The Scottish Hockey Union, commonly referred to simply as Scottish Hockey or the SHU, is the national governing body for the sport of field hockey in Scotland. It is the SHU's responsibility to help provide for the development, promotion and management of hockey in Scotland. It is also the body that acts as "National Association" for Scotland at the EHF and FIH.
History
The origins of the Scottish Hockey Union, like many hockey organisations started with separate associations for men and women. The Scottish Women's Hockey Association (SWHA) was formed in February 1900, in Edinburgh by eight clubs. Dr. Mona Chalmers Watson, from Edinburgh Ladies, was elected the first president with Josephine Katherine Stewart of St Andrews as vice-President.
The Scottish Hockey Association (SHA) was set up on November 18, 1900, where ten clubs met in Glasgow to form the men's association. James Burns, 3rd Baron Inverclyde, was elected the first president.[citation needed] In June 1989 the SHA merged with the SWHA to form the Scottish Hockey Union.
Current Scotland Squads
The SHU are in charge of selecting a number of Scotland national squads. This includes the Scotland men's national field hockey team and Scotland women's national field hockey team squads, as well as Masters and Junior squads.
Domestic Hockey
Scottish Hockey is in charge of organising both National league and Regional league hockey for both men and women's hockey in Scotland. This is for both indoor and outdoor hockey. They also organise all cup competitions, which includes the Scottish Cup, the District Cup and the Reserve Cup.
Scottish Hockey assists with running each district, however a voluntary committee runs senior district league hockey for West, East and North districts.
Districts
There are a number of Districts within Scottish Hockey
Structure
The Scottish Hockey Union Limited (Scottish Hockey) is a company limited by guarantee legally incorporated in Scotland under the Companies Act 2006 (the Act). Under the company’s objectives it is responsible primarily as the governing body for all hockey related activity in Scotland and the promotion of those interests.
The directors of Scottish Hockey are responsible for the management of the company’s business, for which purpose they may exercise all the powers of the company pursuant to its Articles and in accordance with the Act. The directors are themselves therefore bound by the requirements of the Articles and the Act.
While the Articles permit directors to be appointed to the Board by a variety of means, including by appointment of the members, all directors are then equally required to adhere to the requirements of the Articles and the Act and to therefore act independently and in the best interests of the Company (i.e. “Director” is defined in Article 1 as being “a director of the Union, and includes any person occupying the position of director, by whatever name called”).
All directors appointed to the Board must comply with their statutory duties under the Act, including, but not limited to, ensuring that they act in the best interests of the company, Scottish Hockey, and to avoid conflicts of interest.
The Board ensures the executive team led by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has the support and guidance to deliver its strategic objectives agreed by the Board. The Board checks and challenges the executive team against these objectives based on comprehensive reports prepared by the executive for Board meetings.
The CEO and the executive team have delegated powers and contractual responsibility to make all operational and day-to-day decisions they feel are best for the company. These decisions are expected to be made on a reasonable basis having carried out appropriate due diligence and considering and acting in the best interests of the company.
The CEO is accountable to the Chair of the Board and the executive team is accountable to the CEO. In addition, the Board reserves certain matters to itself as the ultimate decision-making body.
The President and Vice-President are not directors of Scottish Hockey and do not have a vote on strategic decisions at Board level. However, they are important conduits of information to and from the membership, which aid strategic and operational decision-making. The are important ambassadors for the reputation, development and growth of the game.
Members can add valuable knowledge and insight into Scottish Hockey’s strategic direction via a number of avenues, such as:
strategic consultations, the Scottish Hockey AGM; direct communication with the Scottish Hockey executive team or via sub-committees of the Scottish Hockey Board. These can make recommendations and give insight to the board. Sub-committees are established at the discretion of the Board; via advisory groups. These are established and utilised at the discretion of the CEO and can make recommendations and give insight to the executive team; and member engagement surveys.
Rules
Scottish Hockey has Memorandum and Articles, bye laws, codes and standing orders (instead of a constitution).
Members
The members of Scottish Hockey are districts, clubs and schools, who have equal voting rights at General Meetings.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_chlorendate"}
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Chemical compound
Dimethyl chlorendate is a chlorendic acid used as a flame retardant additive.
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Chandy/Idiculla is the Greek-Malayalam name meaning Alexander. It may refer to:
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bc02bd93-3127-45ae-90aa-d35ad81bf262
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_Billie_Jean_King_Cup_team"}
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The Moldova Billie Jean King Cup team represents Moldova in the Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Moldova Republic Tennis Federation. They have not competed since 2017.
History
Moldova competed in its first Fed Cup in 1998. Their best result was second place in their Group II pool in 1999 and 2000. Prior to 1993, Moldavian players represented the Soviet Union.
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Scottish act
The Rescissory Act, 1661 or Act rescinding and annulling the pretended parliaments in the years 1640, 1641 etc. was added to the Scottish Parliamentary register on the 28 March 1661. At one stroke, it annulled the legislation of 1640–1648 (and in effect the legislation of all parliaments since 1633), covering the time of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Commonwealth. This parliament was sometimes known disparagingly as the "Drunken Parliament".
Legislation
The idea of the Act Rescissory was first mentioned as a joke among the Lords of the Articles, and was afterwards agreed to at a meeting when few of them were sober. Sir George Mackenzie of Tarbet, known as the "passionate cavalier", was loudest supporter for the Act Rescissory.
This was "a general act rescissory", that is, an act rescinding every proceeding of all the "pretended parliaments", conventions, committees, etc., since the commencement of the troubles (1633) in Scotland, with the coronation of Charles I at St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh that year, and the subsequent Bishops' Wars. It was objected that two of these parliaments were sanctioned by the presence respectively of the late and present King. John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton, Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland replied that, in both cases, the King was not morally a free agent; and an act which obliterated at once the legislation of several years, and vested the government of the kingdom in church and state almost absolutely in the King, was carried with only thirty dissidents. This extravagant Act was followed by a recess of some weeks. Meanwhile, the King issued his proclamation for restoring church government by Bishops in Scotland, and the newly appointed Scottish prelates having received ordination from Sheldon, Bishop of London, in Westminster Abbey, went back to Scotland to take the government of the Kirk, and their places in the Scottish Parliament. It appears to have been directly due to the reactionary enthusiasm of the Restoration Parliament itself.
Effect on the Episcopacy and Presbyterianism
This Act virtually meant a return to Episcopacy, so that monarchy and Episcopacy came back together. After Bishops had been procured, consecrated, and seated in the Scottish Parliament, severities increased steadily against the Presbyterians, who formed the majority of the population, especially in the centre and south and west of Scotland.
One result of the Rescissory Act was that all the ministers who obtained livings from 1649 to 1661 were held not to have been appointed at all, and therefore were at once thrust out of their jobs. They numbered nearly 400, and their expulsion caused great discontent in Scotland. The extinction of this Act brought into operation the old law of 1592, by which the Church Courts were bound to induct any minister presented by the Crown or any lay patron; and thus, after an interregnum of 12 years, patronage came into full vigour, and it so continued till after the Revolution of 1688, when it was modified by the Act of 1690.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Tingley"}
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11th Governor of New Mexico
Clyde Kendle Tingley (January 5, 1881 – December 24, 1960) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as the 11th governor of the State of New Mexico. He was a children's healthcare advocate.
Biography
Clyde Tingley was born on a farm near London, Ohio in 1881. He lived a bad life of farming. His wife Carrie suffered from tuberculosis and was informed that the climate in Ohio would eventually kill her. Her doctors suggested visiting or relocating to the warmer climate of the Southwest, and recommended the Methodist Sanitarium in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
The Tingleys relocated to New Mexico from Ohio in 1910. While his wife recovered, Clyde dabbled in local politics. He relocated just in time to see the admission of New Mexico as a state, and almost immediately he was alarmed over how the dominant Republican Party ran the State.
Tingley's first political office was on the Albuquerque City Council from 1916 to 1917 as alderman for the Second Ward. After Albuquerque switched to a City commission government in 1917, Tingley served as a city commissioner from 1922 to 1935, including ten years as Chairman (mayoral equivalent) from 1925 to 1935. He also served as district maintenance superintendent of the New Mexico State Highway Department for the Albuquerque district (1925–1926). He was also a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of (1928, 1932, and 1936). Through this entire period, his wife's illness was at his heart, and he was an outspoken advocate for healthcare – particularly for children.
Tingley was handily elected Governor of New Mexico in 1934 as a proponent of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs. During this time, he set up over a dozen hospitals in the state, including the Carrie Tingley Hospital in honor of his wife, to help children with tuberculosis. He was reelected in 1936 and became the first Governor of New Mexico to serve two consecutive full terms. (His predecessor, Arthur Seligman, died during his second term.) In 1938, he successfully resurrected the defunct New Mexico State Fair by breaking ground at the Fairgrounds. The center of the Fairgrounds, Tingley Coliseum, was named after him.
As governor, Tingley continued his predecessor's practice of systematically recording the political affiliation of applicants for federal aid, stating that "only by returning a solid Democratic front can New Mexico get its full share of the money to be distributed by the federal government in the next two years".
After the end of his tenure as Governor, he was reelected to his old position as Chairman of the Albuquerque City Commission and served a further 13 years in that role from 1940 to 1953. Tingley was responsible for the local introduction and widespread planting of the Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila) throughout the city of Albuquerque. At the time of pollination, the tree distributes voluminous amounts of granular chaffe, which has come to be known as Tingley's Dandruff.
Tingley died in Albuquerque at the age of 79. He is interred at Fairview Memorial Park in Albuquerque.
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b9e32134-85f2-4e87-a268-6ff47ac21206
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainboy"}
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The World of Stainboy is a series of flash animation shorts created in 2000 by director Tim Burton and animated by Flinch Studio. The character Stainboy first appeared in two short poems in the book The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy & Other Stories, also created and illustrated by Tim Burton. The series is Burton's first foray into the superhero genre since Batman Returns.
In the shorts, Stainboy works for the Burbank police, and at the start of each episode he is ordered to investigate and bring in social outcasts. Many of the outcasts are characters from the Oyster Boy book. Each of the six episodes is under five minutes in length. The final episode had Stainboy living through a flashback to his early childhood at an orphanage, implying the beginning of a larger storyline, although no further episodes were produced.
In November 2010, Burton began a new story about Stainboy, on the Twitter account "BurtonStory." Fans could contribute to the story via Twitter, and the best continuation Tweets of the day would be re-Tweeted by BurtonStory. The project ended on December 6.
List of episodes
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02203cf3-ed51-4f13-bacb-19e02b5b9bf6
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Kleberg"}
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Robert Justus Kleberg (September 10, 1803 – October 30, 1888), christened Johan Christian Justus Robert Kleberg, was a German Texan from Herstelle, Westphalia, then part of the Kingdom of Prussia. He was a veteran of the Battle of San Jacinto and the brother of Louis Kleberg. He arrived in Texas in 1836 with his wife Philippine Sophie Rosalie "Rosa" von Roeder, who was a child of the at one-time aristocratic von Roeder family, which was allied with the wealthy and aristocratic Sack family of Nordrhein Westphalia. Robert and Rosa had eleven children, seven of whom lived to adulthood; Clara, Johanna, Caroline, Rudolph, Marcellus, and Robert, Jr.
He is the namesake of Kleberg County, Texas. His sons also achieved success. Rudolph Kleberg (1847-1924) became a United States congressman, Marcellus Kleberg (1849-1913) studied law and served as city attorney for Galveston, Texas, and the youngest Kleberg son, Robert Justus Kleberg, Jr. (1853-1932) managed the King Ranch and later married Alice Gertrudis King, the youngest daughter of cattle baron, Captain Richard King.
Sources
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df27f03c-62fc-42e9-8264-be4b3472f4ab
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_911_RSR_(2017)"}
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The 2017 version of the Porsche 911 RSR is a racing car developed by Porsche to compete in the LM GTE categories of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest sanctioned FIA World Endurance Championship, European Le Mans Series and GTLM class, of the International Motor Sports Association's IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. It serves as the replacement for the Porsche 911 RSR (991). The car was unveiled in November 2016 at the Los Angeles Auto Show.
The 911 RSR clinched its first victory at the Northeast Grand Prix in July 2017 on Lime Rock Park.
The 911 RSR was developed into a licensed LEGO Technic scale model, released for purchase by the public in 2019.
Development
In May 2016, the first images of the new car were shown in a press release, with the photographs issued only focusing on the front half of the car, igniting speculation that the car would be the first mid-engined 911 race car. Further reports by the German Auto magazine Auto motor und sport appeared to confirm the speculation, after it was revealed that Porsche had received a technical waiver from the FIA to move the engine forwards, and that Porsche had wanted to base its new GTE Class contender on the Porsche 918 Spyder, but it had been found to be too costly. In October 2016, the unmarked car was spotted testing at the Sebring International Raceway, in Florida. Spy photographs of the car showed a massive diffuser, compared with the current car being campaigned, and a series of air extractors located on the "window panel", suggesting it was mid-engined.
The car was then launched at the 2016 LA Auto Show. At the launch of the car, it was revealed that Porsche did not actually seek, and the car never required any waiver, as the car had been fully legal and within the 2017 GTE rules.
Competition History
2017 IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship
GT Le Mans Teams Championship
GT Le Mans Manufacturers' Trophy
2017 FIA World Endurance Championship
GT World Endurance Manufacturers' Championship
Endurance Trophy for LMGTE Pro Teams
2018 IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship
GT Le Mans Teams Championship
GT Le Mans Manufacturers Championship
2018-19 FIA World Endurance Championship
World Endurance GTE Manufacturers' Championship
Endurance Trophy for LMGTE Pro Teams
Endurance Trophy for LMGTE Am Teams
2019 IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship
GT Le Mans Teams Championship
GT Le Mans Manufacturers Championship
2019-20 FIA World Endurance Championship
Endurance Trophy for LMGTE Am Teams
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c1c61a7b-79dd-4f30-8d34-48744bc34bad
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic"}
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Sequence of major events in a virus pandemic by Montreal borough
The boroughs of Montreal, like the rest of Canada and the world, have been individually impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ahuntsic-Cartierville
On March 25, TVA Nouvelles reported on March 25, 2020, that five people in the Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci CHSLD had tested positive for COVID-19. On April 1 there were 70 cases of COVID-19 in Ahuntsic-Cartierville health establishments, in addition to the 29 cases and seven deaths at the Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci CHSLD. That day, the Laurendeau CHSLD reported 10 cases; Sacré-Coeur Hospital reported 31 cases, and Fleury Hospital reported one case. Four days later, 15 people died in two CHSLDs in Ahuntsic-Cartierville; ninety-nine residents and 94 staff members had been infected.
On April 14, six percent of cases in greater Montreal were in the borough. The Laurendeau CHSLD reported 142 positive cases and 21 deaths the following day, an increase of 81 cases in three days. On April 28, Ahuntsic-Cartierville MP Mélanie Joly said that she would donate part of her annual salary increase to two borough food banks. On May 19, CCM Hockey donated 100,000 surgical masks to the Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal CIUSSS (Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre).
Forty-nine residents of the Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci CHSLD died between mid-May and June 11, bringing the total since the beginning of the pandemic to 90; at the time, it was the largest number of deaths in a CHSLD. On June 12, the management of Concerts Ahuntsic en Fugue announced that the seventh series, scheduled for August, would be postponed to 2021. Restrooms in the borough's public parks began reopening on June 26.
Anjou
On March 13, at the request of the city, local soccer club FC Anjou suspended its season until further notice. Beginning on March 19, municipal council meetings were closed to limit the spread of the virus; of Montreal's 19 boroughs, Anjou was the only one which did not stream its meeting online or take questions from the public.
The borough may have been particularly at risk due to its demographics:
The borough set aside an emergency fund of $100,000 to donate to local community organizations, and another $50,000 for Centre-Aide. On April 5, a Costco spokesperson in Anjou announced that three employees had tested positive for COVID-19. By May 5, only 12 shops were open at Les Halles D'Anjou market; over 40 merchants were normally present daily. On May 8, a free frozen-food delivery service became available to Anjou residents who were affected by the pandemic.
Baie-d'Urfé
On March 21, the town of Baie-D'Urfé established a committee to deal with COVID-19. The day before, parks and playgrounds had been closed. At the beginning of April, volunteers began handing out masks at grocery stores. On May 21, eight employees of the Première Moisson plant in Baie-d'Urfé tested positive for COVID-19.
Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
Jewish General Hospital, one of four hospitals initially designated by the Quebec government to care for COVID-19 patients, treated two of the 17 Quebecers who had tested positive for COVID-19 by March 13, 2020. On March 14, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre announced that a child who had returned from Europe tested positive for COVID-19; it was the first case found in a minor in Quebec. Five days later, an employee tested positive. Two days later, a student at Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf also tested positive.
On March 30, the Montreal Regional Department of Public Health published the number of confirmed cases by borough. Of 1,612 confirmed cases in the region, 161 were in Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. On April 7, the Alfred-Desrochers CHSLD was announced as severely affected by the virus; nine residents had died, and 39 had tested positive. That day, longtime resident Marguerite Lescop died of COVID-19 at age 104. That day, Montreal's Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery – Canada's largest – stopped performing burials and cremations.
On April 23, a truck broadcasting public service announcements in French, English, Vietnamese, Tagalog, Yiddish, Spanish, Creole, Arabic, Russian, Mandarin, Tamil, Hindi, Wolof, Farsi, and Urdu began driving around the borough. By April 27, 1,097 of the 12,034 Montrealers who had tested positive for COVID-19 (nine percent) were from the borough. On May 12, a group of residents asked the city to provide more resources such as mobile screening clinics and masks.
Côte Saint-Luc
On March 20, 2020, public-health authorities announced that individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 had been in public places in Montreal during the preceding week; locations included the Montreal Metro between the Angrignon and McGill station; the 106 bus between Newman Boulevard and the Angrignon station; the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce library; a westbound 24 bus on Sherbrooke Street between Notre-Dame Hospital and the Fine Arts Museum, and the Aunja Restaurant. According to Côte Saint-Luc mayor Mitchell Brownstein, the individuals were among city residents who tested positive for COVID-19. Brownstein said that this made Côte Saint-Luc the worst-affected municipality per capita in Quebec. That day, the head of the emergency department at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital was diagnosed with COVID-19.
A drive-through testing site opened in Côte Saint-Luc on March 29. There were more than 50 cases in the area at the time and, by the end of the month, Côte Saint-Luc had the province's highest COVID-19 rate with 107 cases.
On April 2, the IGA supermarket in Quartier Cavendish announced its closure due to the pandemic; two days later, an employee tested positive for the virus. The drive-through testing site closed on April 16, as a new site was opened at Jewish General Hospital. Masks became mandatory in public areas of Côte Saint-Luc on July 1, making it the first jurisdiction in Canada with a mask mandate.
Dollard-des-Ormeaux
Celebration of the 60th anniversary of the city of Dollard-des-Ormeaux was suspended due to the pandemic. From April 22 to May 8, 2020, 40 residents of the Vigi Dollard-des-Ormeaux CHSLD died due to COVID-19 and a staff shortage. According to a doctor, 70 percent of the nursing home's 160 residents tested positive for the virus.
Dorval
Quebec confirmed its first case on February 28: a 41-year-old woman who landed at Montréal–Trudeau International Airport (in Dorval) on a flight from Doha, Qatar on February 24. She was transferred to Jewish General Hospital on March 3, and was released on March 4. A few days later, Le Journal de Montréal reported that a person with COVID-19 had used the airport's shuttle service.
Dorval announced the closure of some municipal buildings until further notice on March 13. On March 29, Dorval's CHSLD Herron was taken over by the government. It was reported on April 11 that at least five residents of the nursing home had died from COVID-19 in the previous month, part of a larger pattern of neglect discovered at the facility.
Billionaire Michael Rosenberg was sent to intensive care, where he was intubated and sedated. He had participated in a wedding on March 16 at the Crowne Plaza hotel in Montreal. Dorval canceled its major events until at least July 1 on May 25, including celebrations of Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day and Canada Day.
Hampstead
At the beginning of the pandemic, Hampstead mayor William Steinberg downplayed COVID-19. Despite this, the April 6 municipal council meeting was held online. At that time, the median rate for Montreal was 36 cases for every 100,000 people. The infection rate reached 150–200 per 100,000 in neighbourhoods such as Hampstead, leading to additional health measures. Although tennis courts and dog parks were reopened in late May, summer day camps remained cancelled.
Kirkland
On March 30, Kirkland closed its parks and park buildings. The city set up a telephone line for seniors to receive real-time updates and news about city resources. The Ecclestone swimming pool was closed for the 2020 season.
Lachine
On March 24, the borough of Lachine said that it would contribute $35,000 to Centraide's emergency fund. At the beginning of April, a testing centre opened at the Cité Medical de Lachine clinic.
A Lachine repairman was criticized on April 6 after citizens learned that his wife had COVID-19. On April 21, a case of COVID-19 was diagnosed at the Sisters of Sainte-Anne motherhouse; a month later, it was Quebec's most- affected private senior residence.
From May 3 to 5, the number of COVID-19 cases in Lachine doubled. On May 15, the borough cancelled garage sales until further notice. A viral outbreak after a July 18 lifeguard-initiation party forced city officials to temporarily close public pools.
LaSalle
A person with COVID-19 rode a bus from Boulevard Newman towards Angrignon station on March 10. On March 27, Parc des Rapides in LaSalle closed because of the pandemic.
LaSalle had the second-highest number of cases (237) of Montreal's boroughs on April 7, just behind Côte-des-Neiges (400 cases). Of LaSalle's 237 cases, 23 had died; fourteen had stayed at the LaSalle Accommodation Centre and nine at LaSalle Hospital. At least 29 patients had contracted the virus in the CHSLD (the accommodation centre), and 20 others in the hospital. On April 24, the Red Cross set up dozens of beds in the Jacques Lemaire Arena.
A mobile screening clinic was set up in LaSalle on May 13. On June 4, soldiers deployed to CHSLD Floralies began to leave the nursing home.
L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève
In mid-March, despite the pandemic, the city of Montreal began monitoring the spring freshets of the Rivière des Prairies (which runs alongside L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève). At the end of March, Montreal had 1,612 COVID-19 cases; five were from the borough.
Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
The city of Montreal announced the closure of all community centres, cultural facilities, libraries, swimming pools, arenas and sports facilities in Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (MHM) on March 13. Four days later, it announced the temporary closure of all Access Montreal offices and permit counters. On March 24, Mayor Pierre Lessard-Blais announced that the borough would contribute $100,000 to Centraide's emergency fund.
On April 13, the Francis-Bouillon arena was converted to a homeless shelter; the Maurice Richard Arena was converted to a similar facility a few days later. Around that time, several pedestrian corridors were put in place in the borough to improve COVID-19 security. In late April, a mobile screening clinic was deployed in the borough.
Twenty-seven Canadian Armed Forces soldiers were deployed to the CHSLD Benjamin-Victor-Rousselot on May 1. Between May 2 and May 12, the number of deaths in the borough nearly doubled. On May 13, 15,000 masks began to be distributed to MHM residents over a nine-day period. The Débrouillards scientific day camps were canceled on May 20.
Montreal-Est
On March 19, Montreal-Est announced the closure of all non-essential services the following day. A month later, residential construction (on April 20) and landscaping (on April 15) partially resumed. On June 2, the city announced the temporary closure of its facilities after three employees were diagnosed with COVID-19 the previous week.
Montréal-Nord
On March 13, Montréal-Nord mayor Christine Black placed herself in voluntary quarantine after returning from her spring-break trip. Three weeks after the COVID-19 crisis began, the Obsession Club (a Montréal-Nord nightclub which prided itself on being the world's largest swinger club) filed for bankruptcy protection due to COVID-19. On April 5, Toronto Raptors player Chris Boucher urged young people in Montréal-Nord to follow public-health guidelines.
Between March 25 and April 7, four employees tested positive for coronavirus in Metro Inc.'s meat and frozen distribution centre. Since then, two other cases have been identified at this distribution centre. There were 50 confirmed cases in the borough on March 30.
The first positive case in a CHSLD was reported in the borough, which had 149 cases, on April 7. Two days later, the borough had 193 cases. There were 443 infected people, an increase of 52 percent in four days, on April 16. Forty people in Montréal-Nord had died from COVID-19 and 839 cases had been identified by April 22.
Montréal-Nord had 1,153 confirmed cases by April 29, or 1,369 per 100,000 inhabitants. The rate in Quebec was 325 per 100,000 inhabitants, and 143 in Canada. According to Le Devoir, 23 percent of the borough's cases were health workers and 19 percent were residents of CHSLDs.
A screening centre was opened for the borough's symptomatic population on May 1, 2020. On May 23, Kent Nagano and the Montreal Symphony Orchestra sent a message of support to Montréal-Nord in an online video. From May 19 to 25, the number of new infections fell by 26 percent from the previous week. On June 17, businessman Stéphane Pierre Corneille donated $250,000 worth of personal protective equipment to organizations in Montréal-Nord.
Mount Royal
By May 14, the CHSLD Vigi Mont-Royal received help from the Canadian Army after 148 employees and 226 residents contracted the virus due to a ventilation problem. On June 21, a drive-in cinema opened on the site of the Royalmount real-estate project.
Outremont
The New York Times reported on March 18 that the virus was present in Hasidim in Williamsburg and Borough Park, Brooklyn, communities linked to those in Outremont, Côte-des-Neiges and Boisbriand. On March 28, 38 percent of the 971 Montrealers who tested positive for COVID-19 lived in Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Outremont, Parc-Extension and the cities of Hampstead and Côte-Saint-Luc. Outremont had the highest infection rate per 100,000 inhabitants until April 16.
On March 25, COVID-19 claimed its first victim in Montreal: a 67-year-old man who lived in Outremont. The following day, the SPVM found eight pallets with hundreds of cases of Ontario wine behind the Satmar synagogue on Hutchison Street in Outremont. A few days later, the SPVM limited Hasidic gatherings in Montreal. On May 13, the SPVM again intervened in Montreal's Orthodox Jewish community.
Pierrefonds-Roxboro
In addition to dealing with the pandemic, the Pierrefonds-Roxboro borough closely monitored the level of the Rivière des Prairies. An emergency fund of $35,000 was created by the borough on April 6, 2020. On May 8, it canceled the annual ecological-gardening day scheduled for May 29.
The borough's Cloverdale neighbourhood was considered a COVID-19 hotspot by public-health authorities on May 22. On June 2, the borough expected an estimated $500,000 loss of local revenue for 2020 and a budget-reduction target of 3.1 percent (equivalent to $1 million).
Le Plateau-Mont-Royal
On March 24, Le Plateau-Mont-Royal and the Caisse Desjardins du Plateau-Mont-Royal created a local COVID-19 emergency fund of CA$200,000 to support neighbourhood community organizations. Deputy Ruba Ghazal donated $50,000 to the fund. Montreal allocated $1.2 million for an emergency fund to provide food aid to the most-vulnerable citizens.
Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles
Beginning on May 7, 10,000 masks were distributed in the borough. On May 15, a testing centre was set up at the CLSC de l'Est de Montréal in Pointe-aux-Trembles. The borough was then considered a hot zone in Quebec. On May 22, Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles deployed a new series of measures to counter the spread of the coronavirus.
Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie
Beginning on March 13, 2020, patients at Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont and the Santa-Cabrini hospital could not have visitors. A week later, a member of the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital care team had COVID-19: the fourth case in a hospital setting. On March 20, the EPIC Centre (one of Canada's largest cardiovascular-disease prevention centres, with 5,303 registered members) suspended its activities until further notice. The following day, Lenni-Kim posted on his Instagram account that he and his mother had tested positive at Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont. On March 26, the Angus Medical Clinic opened a COVID-19 clinic offering consultations to people diagnosed with the virua and requiring medical care.
On April 2, with 133 cases, Rosemont was Montreal's third-most-affected borough. Four days later, the borough councilor wanted to donate $100,000 to Centraide of Greater Montreal. Eighty-seven cases and seven deaths related to COVID-19 were reported in seven nursing homes by April 7, including the CHSLD J. Henri Charbonneau. On April 28, four of Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital's five surgical units contained COVID-19 patients.
In mid-April, several pedestrian corridors were installed in the borough to make walking safer. On April 30, traffic was banned on Marché-Du-Nord streets when the Jean-Talon Market was open to improve the farmers' market's health standards.
Road work in the borough began to resume on May 11, and an online petition circulated to reopen the Botanical Garden. The La Mennais emergency childcare service was closed for two weeks due to a COVID-19 outbreak.
By May 12, 227 of the borough's health workers had been diagnosed with COVID-19 (21 percent of the region's total cases). A week later, borough mayor François Croteau announced that the section of Saint-Laurent Boulevard, between rue Saint-Zotique and rue Jean-Talon would be converted into a transit mall. Little Italy restaurateurs were authorized to extend their terraces into the street to facilitate social distancing. On June 5, organizers of Montreal's August Italian Week festival announced that the event would be virtual. Three days later, the borough mayor announced the cancellation of "pedestrianization with bus" projects on the Beaubien and Masson commercial arteries and the removal of social-distancing corridors.
On June 16, the Beaubien Cinema announced that it would reopen on July 3.
Saint-Léonard
On April 9, 2020, Saint-Léonard announced the creation of a COVID-19 emergency fund up to $50,000.
On June 1, the Intermarché Lagoria grocery chain imposed a mask mandate. The DOD basketball organization set up a survival kit to assist parents with their children's education.
Senneville
All of Montreal's boroughs had confirmed cases by April 4, with Senneville experiencing its first cases.
Sud-Ouest
On April 20, 115 of the 165 residents of CHSLD Yvon-Brunet were infected with COVID-19. More than four out of five deaths were in senior residences in Le Sud-Ouest on June 3. On May 13–15, a mobile screening clinic visited the borough.
Verdun
On February 28, 2020, the Quebec government confirmed its first case of COVID-19: a 41-year-old Montrealer who had returned from Iran. After going to a Verdun clinic, the woman was transferred to Verdun Hospital. On March 27, Verdun Hospital's emergency department closed due to an outbreak of the virus; by April 2, at least 35 patients and two doctors had contracted COVID-19 at the hospital. The following day, 2,837 cases were confirmed in the metropolitan area; 204 healthcare workers – including 148 in Montreal – were diagnosed with COVID-19 (including five doctors from Verdun Hospital).
On April 7, actor and comedian Ghyslain Tremblay died at age 68 in L'Étincelle nursing home in Verdun after he became infected with COVID-19. A week later, Verdun Hospital began constructing a temporary 36-bed annex; it was scheduled for completion by the end of April. On April 17, the hospital experienced a second COVID-19 outbreak. The borough began a pilot project partially closing Wellington Street to car traffic on May 8.
Ville-Marie
Ville-Marie's community centres, cultural sites, libraries, swimming pools, arena and sports facilities were closed on March 13, 2020, until further notice. On March 24, the borough donated $150,000 to the COVID-19 emergency fund to support its 80 community organizations. The day before, Ville-Marie's first walk-in COVID-19 screening clinic was set up in large tents on the Place des festivals. At the end of March, Ville-Marie was one of six boroughs with more than 50 cases of COVID-19. About 50 people per day warmed up in the Grande Bibliothèque between April 12 and June 4, 2020; the library's hall had been converted into a homeless shelter during the pandemic
On April 15, Québec solidaire member for Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques and head of the second opposition group in the Quebec National Assembly Manon Massé donated $50,000 to the emergency fund on April 15, in common with the Caisses Desjardins of Complexe Desjardins and Quartier-Latin de Montréal.
A second McDonald's employee tested positive. The first employee worked at the restaurant at 12090 rue Sherbrooke Est, and the second worked at 2901 rue Sherbrooke Est. The Native Women's Shelter of Montreal was closed on May 19 after a staff outbreak of COVID-19.
On June 3, the Chambre du commerce du Montréal métropolitain (CCMM) proposed making Sainte-Catherine street pedestrian-only between Atwater and Papineau. Due to the pandemic, downtown Montreal has lost 100,000 students, millions of tourists and about 80 percent of its workers (most of whom are telecommuting).
Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension
On May 1, 2020, Saint-Michel's accessible screening clinic was open on Sunday to Wednesday from noon to 8 p.m. Authorities estimated a daily capacity of 100 tests. On May 18, a walk-in mobile screening clinic was testing asymptomatic residents.
On May 6, with 1,239 cases, Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension, was Montreal's second-most-affected borough. Community organizations feared an upsurge of cases in one of Canada's poorest neighbourhoods. On May 15, the borough announced its summer 2020 travel plan.
Westmount
On March 12, 2020, a woman with COVID-19 attended a wedding in a Westmount synagogue with over 100 others. A week later, public access to Westmount's playgrounds was banned until further notice. Several days later, a firefighter tested positive for COVID-19.
On April 6, the municipal council voted to postpone the date of the second payment of municipal taxes. The following day, access to the borough was restricted to local traffic and deliveries. On April 8, Westmount pedestrians were asked to socially distance. A week later, landscaping services quietly resumed. On April 21, 21 cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed at St. Margaret's Residence on Hillside Avenue (Westmount's only public CHSLD). The city opened its community gardens on May 18.
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American novelist
Allan Wesley Eckert (January 30, 1931 – July 7, 2011) was an American novelist and playwright who specialized in historical novels for adults and children, and was also a naturalist. His novel Incident at Hawk's Hill (1971) was initially marketed to adults and selected by Reader's Digest Condensed Books. A runner-up for the Newbery Medal, it was afterward marketed as a children's novel and adapted by Disney for a television movie known as The Boy Who Talked to Badgers (1975).
Eckert wrote several books of natural history. In addition, he wrote more than 225 episodes of Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom, for which he received an Emmy Award.
His numerous historical novels were popular, including several that were part of his series "The Winning of America". In 1996, one of them was adapted for the stage as 1913: The Great Dayton Flood and premiered at Wright State University, also being produced at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC. He wrote the drama Tecumseh for an outdoor production at Sugarloaf Mountain Amphitheatre near Chillicothe, Ohio that has been a destination for tourists every summer since 1973.
Biography
Eckert was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1931, and raised in the Chicago, Illinois area. He attended college near Bellefontaine, Ohio, and remained a longtime resident there.
As a young man, he hitchhiked around the United States, living off the land and learning about wildlife. He began writing about nature and American history at the age of thirteen. He eventually wrote numerous books for children and adults. His children's novel, Incident at Hawk's Hill, was a runner-up for the Newbery Medal in 1972. One of his novels tells how the great auk became extinct.
Eckert published numerous novels of the Ohio Country frontier in what was called his "The Winning of America" series, including accounts of frontiersmen and notable Native Americans, such as Tecumseh. He conducted extensive research for his works, but inserted fictional dialogue for his historical figures.
Eckert also wrote several unproduced screenplays. He wrote more than 225 episodes of Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom, for which he received an Emmy Award.
In a 1999 poll conducted by the Ohioana Library Association, Eckert shared with Toni Morrison the accolade of "Favorite Ohio Writer of All Time."
Eckert died in his sleep on July 7, 2011, in Corona, California, at the age of 80.
Dramatizations and adaptations
Eckert wrote the outdoor drama Tecumseh! which, in 1997, celebrated its 25th year of production at the multi-million-dollar Sugarloaf Mountain Amphitheater near Chillicothe, Ohio. His 1968 children's novel Blue Jacket was adapted as a drama of the same name designed for outdoor performances. It opened in 1982 at a facility outside Xenia, Ohio. The production eventually closed due to financial difficulties, but it was estimated to have generated more than nine million dollars yearly into the local economy of southwest Ohio.
Eckert's 1965 book A Time of Terror: The Great Dayton Flood was in 1996 adapted for the stage as 1913: The Great Dayton Flood by W. Stuart McDowell and Timothy Nevits. It was performed at Wright State University, featuring recorded narration by actors Martin Sheen, Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee. The production won a number of awards from the American College Theatre Festival XXIX at the Riffe Center, Columbus, Ohio. It opened the 1997 festival in the Kennedy Center, returning to Dayton that fall, where it played in the Victoria Theatre.
Criticism
While Eckert emphasized the historical basis of his books and stressed the years of research he conducted, he created dialogue and internal thought for his ostensibly historic figures. Reviewers have described his work as "an entertaining blend of fact and fiction." What Eckert described as "narrative biography” was criticized by Kirkus Reviews as “an apparent euphemism for poetic license”, when discussing his book about Tecumseh. A Sorrow in Our Heart: The Life of Tecumseh was described as "A biography that succeeds better as fiction". The reviewer said that the book "in its interpretative zeal … strays from … the historical record to the point of being suspect".
Bibliography
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollegal"}
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Town in Karnataka, India
Kollegal is one of the major taluks in the Chamarajanagara District of Karnataka State in the south of India. It is also the largest taluk in Karnataka, Kollegal is well known for its silk industry which attracts traders from all over the state.
History
Until 1956, Kollegal was part of the Coimbatore district of the Madras Presidency. The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 moved Kollegal to Karnataka primarily organising it along linguistic lines. Kollegal is the name derived from the names of two hermits namely 'Kauhala' and 'Galava' who were believed to be instrumental in the development of Kollegal. Kollegal, also called "Silk City", is famous for its handloom silk saree industry. Kollegal is one of the larger taluks in Karnataka and was previously the largest. Plans are underway to divide Kollegal, making Hanur the capital of the new taluk in the Chamarajanagara District. This separation has been ongoing for years is not yet entirely in effect.
Kollegal serves as a center for pre-university education in the region. Well known schools in Kollegal include Lions High School, Sree Vasavi Vidya Kendra, St. Francis Assisi High School, Nisarga Independent PU college, Seventh Day Adventist High School, and Mudigundam Gurukaar Subappa Veerappa (MGSV), and Mahadeshwara Degree College.
Singanalur, Kollegal is the hometown of Legendary Kannada thespian, the demigod of Karnataka, Dr.Rajkumar. Kollegal was one of the areas which played host to the activities of Veerappan, a notorious bandit who smuggled sandalwood and poached elephants for their tusks.
Many tourists visit the Kollegal area. The Malai Mahadeshwara Hills, and the waterfalls at Hogenakkal near Male Mahadeshwara hills and the waterfalls of Gagana Chukki and Barachukki at Shivanasamudra (also known as Bluff) are popular destinations. In Kollegal, there is a small hill called "Maradi Gudda" which is located in the heart of the city. Gundal dam is just 15 km (9.3 mi) away from Kollegal. It also includes BRT Tiger Reserve (2011) Biligiriranga Hillswhich is approximately 25–30 km from the town, which is a home to many fauna and flora including mammals like Tigers, Leopards, Indian Elephant, Indian Guar and the Sloth Bear.
Transportation
Kollegal is connected by two national highways:
The nearest railway stations are Chamarajanagara 38 km (24 mi) and Mysuru (MYS) 60 km (37 mi). The nearest airport is Kempegowda International Airport (BLR), 150 km (93 mi), Mysore airport (MYQ), 60 km (37 mi)and Coimbatore International Airport (CJB), 165 km (103 mi) away. Kollegal is the main junction where you can enter Salem, Coimbatore, Ooty, Kozhikode from Mysuru & Bengaluru. The Biligiri Rangana Betta (known as BR hills) is just 30 km (19 mi) away from the town. The K.Gudi (Kyathadevara Gudi) Wilderness camp run by the jungle lodges and resorts (a government of Karnataka undertaking) is near the B.R hills.
There are two bus routes from Bengaluru to Kollegal:
Karnataka government buses from Bengaluru ply from MCTC which is popularly known as Satellite bus terminal in Mysuru Road. Since the town was in Coimbatore district in the past, buses run between Coimbatore and Kollegal.
Geography
Kollegal is located at 12°09′N 77°07′E / 12.15°N 77.12°E / 12.15; 77.12. It has an average elevation of 588 m (1,929 ft). Since the town is on the foothills of the Western Ghats, it is home to a mixed topography. Temperature is moderate.[citation needed]
Demographics
As of 2011[update] India census Kollegal had a population of 57,149. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kollegal has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 64%. In Kollegal, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
People in Kollegal speak a variation of Kannada distinct from that spoken in Mysuru and Bengaluru. There are 25,000 Tamil native speakers in Kollegal Taluk. There was a trust for Tamil peoples welfare activity named Kollegal Tamil Sangam.
College and schools
MCKC High School, Lions School and PU college, Seventh Day Adventist English school, St. Francis Assisi School and PU college, RC mission, Sree Vasavi Vidya Kendra, Mahadeshwara College, JSS Women's College And College For Nursing are the oldest educational institutions in Kollegal offering best education. Manasa degree college and school and its PU college is a decade old private institution. Wisdom school is a recently opened private institution.
Image gallery
Location
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Eagle_Creek_Bridge"}
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United States historic place
The War Eagle Creek Bridge is a historic bridge in northern Madison County, Arkansas. It carries County Road 1650 across War Eagle Creek northeast of Huntsville, and just north of creek crossing of United States Route 412. The bridge is a two-span open-spandrel concrete arch bridge, with a total length of 206 feet (63 m). Each arch spans 70 feet (21 m), and they are mounted on concrete abutments and a central pier. Built in 1925–26, it is the county's only known surviving example of this bridge type.
The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
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Filipino actor and comedian
Diego Llorico (born July 20, 1971), known mononymously as Diego, is a Filipino actor, segment producer and comedian. He is known for his appearances on the comedy films Boy Pick-Up: The Movie (2012) and D' Kilabots Pogi Brothers Weh?! (2012), and the television comedy sketch gag show Bubble Gang.
Filmography
Television
Movies
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_Walk_(novel)"}
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Mystery Walk is a 1983 horror novel by American writer Robert R. McCammon. It was first published on May 13, 1983 through Holt, Rinehart & Winston and follows Billy Creekmore, a young boy capable of seeing and exorcising spirits.
Plot
The Mystery Walk, the voyage through life to determine your place and purpose, is something we all undertake. For Billy Creekmore, it is something more for he is gifted with the power to help distressed souls pass into the afterlife. He must learn how to use his gift.
Billy learns early in life that he is something special. A fire rips through the home of one of his friends when he is a young kid. He learns that his friend and his whole family were murdered by the father. Billy is drawn to the home to discover his friend's body, secretly hidden under a coal pile in the basement. His friend's soul begs him to let people know where he is.
Billy lives in rural Hawthorne, Alabama with his devoutly Christian father and a mother who is a Choctaw Indian. His mother and grandmother before him are gifted with this power and have found ways to use it. His father hates it and hates that his son has it. But, he loves his wife and son the best he can.
Billy will not be without adversaries on his Mystery Walk. There is Little Wayne Falconer, the son and heir apparent to the south's most popular tent evangelist who hates the Creekmore's and the powers he regards as evil. There is also a serpent-like apparition that haunts Billy and inspires others to evil – including the father of his friend who murdered his family.
Wayne Falconer has his own Mystery Walk to undertake. He is the same age as Billy and his father has brought him into his ministry. As a young child, Wayne brought back from death his beloved dog by laying hands on him. Convinced that his son has the healing gift, JJ Falconer takes Wayne on the road to heal the faithful.
But Wayne has his doubts. One evening the Falconer Crusade stops in Hawthorne and the Creekmore family attends. Billy and his mother see Little Wayne Falconer healing the sick. Billy and his mother notice the black clouds that portend death hover over the sick who approach Falconer and do not dissipate when Wayne “heals” them. Billy's mother stands up and protests and the Creekmore family is thrown out of the revival. This is when the Creekmore family shows up on JJ Falconer's radar and his need to destroy them develops.
The story then follows Billy and Wayne through their lives into their teens. Billy is called upon by the owner of a local saw mill to dispel the spirit of a man who died horribly in an accident with a saw. He does the task. But instead of earning the appreciation of the owner and community, Billy earns scorn and derision from the local Christians. Meanwhile, Wayne finds himself increasingly the star attraction of his father's growing ministry.
Both desire something resembling a normal life and both make a single effort that shows how that will be impossible. Billy attends a high school dance at his local school where he is shunned. At a bonfire, someone has stuffed hundreds of fireworks in the stack of wood. It explodes and some kids are killed; others are badly injured. Billy, who is injured goes to the hospital where he and his family are shunned. The Falconers show up and are greeted with pleas from the parents to have Wayne heal their injured children. Ramona Creekmore intervenes and asks Wayne, “Son, do you even know what you’re doing?” The Creekmores are run out of the hospital.
Wayne attends a party one evening where teenagers are drinking and partying. He meets a girl who is obviously desperate to have sex with him. Wayne battles between his natural lust and his acquired faith with his faith ultimately winning. When he spurns the girl, she gets upset and mocks him. He picks up a stick and strikes her in the head. She falls into the water and disappears.
One evening, shortly after the fireworks incident, things come to a head in Hawthorne for the Creekmores. The Ku Klux Klan – of whom Billy's father is a member – shows up and tells John Creekmore that he is still welcome to stay in Hawthorne, but his wife and son would have to leave. A fight ensues and several Klansmen and Billy's father are injured. The Klan flees.
But things will never be the same for the Creekmore family. John Creekmore has suffered brain injury and is mentally reduced. Income on their farm has all but ceased. Opportunity presents itself in the form of a carnival operator who offers Billy a job in his “Death Show.” He will pay Billy well and Billy will be able to send money home from the road.
Wayne's life is also dramatically changed when his father suffers a heart attack and dies. Wayne, still in his teens, is now the head of a multimillion-dollar television and multi-media evangelical operation. Unable to cope, he tries to heal his father's death at the funeral home unsuccessfully. Later, he is visited by his father's spirit (actually the serpent shape changer of Billy's nightmares) who encourages Wayne to take calmative drugs and to take the advice of the men who helped JJ.
While out with the carnival, Billy encounters the shape shifter who has taken the shape of a dilapidated carnival ride that has injured many. A couple carnival workers are drawn irresistibly to this ride. One of them is the carnival's snake handler who lusts for the women with whom Billy has fallen in love with. He tries to kill Billy's girlfriend with a poisonous snake and is nearly successful. Billy finds the man and shoots him. He then finds the man who owns the mysterious ride and challenges him to a ride. Billy gets on and finds the souls of those injured and killed while riding it, setting them free, defeating the shape changer who leaves.
Billy returns home after his father dies. His mother encourages him to visit an institute in Chicago that investigates paranormal activity. Billy travels to Chicago and moves into the institute. After intensive study, the institute's head says she believes Billy has powers, but that she cannot document them and therefore Billy is of no use to her. He must leave.
As Billy is preparing to leave, there is a horrible fire at a Chicago flop house that kills several residents. He travels to the worst part of Chicago's south side to the hotel and invites the terrified souls still trapped in the hotel to come into him and set themselves free. As the ghosts rush at Billy, there is a television news crew nearby to capture the whole event on camera.
Meanwhile, Wayne has attracted the attention of a west coast gangster who is a major germaphobe and an organized crime head. The man is eager to gain control of one of the ministry's record studios as well as gaining control of Wayne's healing powers to help with hypochondriac tendencies. Wayne's father comes to him in his sleep and tells him he must trust help from these people who will help Wayne build a new ministry in California and Mexico.
Wayne becomes quite comfortable living in the California mansion. Meanwhile, his associates are worried about the fate of the ministry that is suffering from inattention. One of Wayne's associates leaves in disgust. The other is subjected to a test where his throat is cut and Wayne is forced to use his power to save him.
The mobster, now convinced that Wayne can keep him safe from disease and injury, asks Wayne what it is he wants in exchange. Wayne says he wants the Creekmore woman and her son dead. Romona, now old and living alone, is taken out easily. But one day, one of JJ's old associates brings to California with him Wayne's mother who tells him that Wayne was not really JJ's son. JJ was unable to sire a child of his own and purchased one from a man in Hawthorne. Wayne knows that Billy is that other boy.
Billy is kidnapped and taken to Mexico where he meets Wayne Falconer once again. While on a plane trip back from Mexico, the evil being takes over Wayne's body and forces the plane to crash. Wayne, Billy, and the evil gangster survive. The evil shapeshifter takes over the gangster's body and pursues them across the desert. They are able to escape it and the ultimate showdown between good, evil, and the misused finally convenes.
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2001 murder
The murder of Terry King occurred on November 26, 2001. Terry Lee King, a resident of Cantonment, Florida, U.S., was bludgeoned to death by his two children, 13-year old Derek and 12-year old Alex King.
Murder
On November 26, 2001, Derek, accompanied by Alex, beat their father to death with an aluminum baseball bat. The boys then set fire to the family's home, in Cantonment, Florida (near Pensacola) in hopes of concealing their crime. Ricky Chavis, a family friend, was convicted of being an accessory to the murder after he hid the boys in his trailer home after the murder and washed the blood from their clothes. Chavis was also accused of molesting Alex King, but later acquitted. Terry King was 40 years old at the time of his death.
The boys claimed that they committed the murder to end "mental abuse" including being "stared down" and spanked. They would change their testimony several times, first claiming that they had murdered their father on their own, then that Chavis had convinced them to kill Terry, and finally that Chavis had killed Terry King and convinced them to take the fall. Alex also testified that he had been having a sexual relationship with Chavis. Chavis was acquitted of child molestation in a separate trial.
Trial
In an unconventional move, the prosecution tried both Chavis and the King brothers for the same crime. Chavis was acquitted, and while a second degree murder conviction was obtained for the King brothers on September 6, 2002, the judge threw the conviction out because he believed that the boys' right to due process was violated. The prosecution and defense resolved the case in mediation, avoiding a new trial. Both brothers pleaded guilty to third degree murder in November 2002.
Impact
The King case received a huge amount of media attention and inspired much controversy. A book entitled A Perversion of Justice: A Southern Tragedy of Murder, Lies and Innocence Betrayed was published that argues that the boys were innocent. In response to the accusations made in the book, David Rimmer, assistant state attorney for the state of Florida stated: "There will always be people who believe Derek and Alex are innocent. Just like there will always be people who believe that Michael Jackson is innocent." Rimmer went on to argue that the case made by the book's authors, Kathryn Medico and Mollye Barrows was naive and that they "may never understand" the truth.
Incarceration
In 2002, Derek King was sentenced to eight years in prison, while Alex received seven years. In 2005, Alex King (then age 15) was charged with attempting to escape from the juvenile prison in which he was incarcerated.
At the age of 18, Alex King was released from custody on April 9, 2008, after serving six years for his part in his father's death. Derek King was released at the age of 20 on March 7, 2009, after serving seven years for his role.
Aftermath
Alex was arrested in 2011 for violating terms of parole after leaving the scene of an accident.
Media
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Loop_New_York"}
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Open Loop New York was a hop on hop off, open top double-decker bus, sightseeing tour company based in New York City. It was a subsidiary of the RATP Group.
History
Open Tour New York commenced operating on May 14, 2014 with 15 open top buses. As part of a global rebranding, it was renamed Open Loop New York on September 3, 2014. It ceased operations in 2017 with operations incorporated into those of Big Bus Tours.
Operations
Open Loop New York operated four routes: The Uptown, Downtown, Night and Midtown Route, each with stops at tourist destinations, including: Times Square, SoHo, Manhattan, Central Park, Empire State Building, Little Italy, Brooklyn, United Nations, Greenwich Village, Columbus Circle, Harlem, Washington Square Park and Bryant Park.
Open Loop New York also operated New York sightseeing tour packages that include Helicopter tours, the Ripley's Believe it or Not Museum, Statue of Liberty cruises and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Fleet
Open Loop New York operated a fleet of 36 Alexander Dennis Enviro400s and Gilligs.
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1933 American popular song
"A Hundred Years from Today" is a popular song published in 1933 with music by Victor Young and lyrics by Ned Washington and Joe Young. The song was included in the London production of Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1934.
A recording of "A Hundred Years from Today" by Ethel Waters accompanied by Benny Goodman & His Orchestra was very popular in 1933.
Other recordings
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliata_(fish)"}
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Genus of fishes
Ciliata is a genus of fishes in the family Lotidae, with these currently recognized species:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Citizens%27_Federal_Credit_Union"}
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US financial institution
First Citizens' Federal Credit Union is a federally chartered credit union headquartered in Fairhaven, Massachusetts in the AT&T Building on Mill Road.
History
First Citizens' Federal Credit Union was originally organized as Bristol Credit Union on November 17, 1937, as a state chartered community credit union serving employees and/or residents of Bristol County, Massachusetts. The name was changed to Citizens' Credit Union during a charter expansion that extended the credit union's allowed field of membership to include the Massachusetts counties of Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable, Dukes, Nantucket and Norfolk. In 1987, the credit union's state charter was converted to a federal charter. At the same time, the credit union deposits became federally insured. A new name was chosen, First Citizens' Federal Credit Union, which remains today.
Locations and branches
In 1998, the seventh branch office opened for business in Falmouth. 2010 marked the opening of the Mattapoisett branch location. The credit union currently has nine branch locations and continues to grow both in size. Plans have been put into place to expand again in 2011, adding additional branches on Cape Cod. In 2011, the Mashpee branch of First Citizens opened. First Citizens' is currently a $500 million plus institution.
Branch Locations
Services
First Citizens’ offers their customers auto loans, mortgages, home equity loans, small business financing, checking, savings, and personal loans.
Social responsibility
First Citizens’ provides annual college scholarships throughout the areas they serve each year.
First Citizens’ supports local veteran service organizations through their 'Hero Program'. In 2009, the credit union introduced a similar program called the "Champion Program" that is aimed at recognizing those who serve their communities. 2009 also marked the beginning of their “Think Community” program which helps out local 501(c)3 non-profit organizations. This program features these non-profits on their Facebook page, their website and even highlights one of these organizations in their e-newsletter each month.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Sussex_Fire_and_Rescue_Service"}
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East Sussex Fire & Rescue Service (ESFRS) is the statutory fire and rescue service for the county of East Sussex and city of Brighton and Hove, England. It is headquartered in Lewes. The service has a total of 24 fire stations.
Performance
In 2018/2019, every fire and rescue service in England and Wales was subjected to a statutory inspection by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HIMCFRS). The inspection investigated how well the service performs in each of three areas. On a scale of outstanding, good, requires improvement and inadequate, East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service was rated as follows:
Fire stations
ESFRS operates 24 fire stations that are divided into three groups: West Group, Central Group, and East Group. The fire stations are crewed by wholetime firefighters, retained firefighters, or a combination of both.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmispon_procumbens"}
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Species of legume
Acmispon procumbens, synonym Lotus procumbens, is a species of legume endemic to California. It is known by the common name silky deerweed. It is known from many habitat types in several regions from the Central Valley to the Mojave Desert to the Peninsular Ranges.
Description
It is a tough, hairy perennial herb spreading as a clumpy mat or sometimes growing erect to approach a meter in height. Its slender branches are lined with small leaves each made up usually three leaflets. The inflorescence is generally 1 to 3 solid or red-veined yellow flowers between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a legume pod just over a centimeter long containing 2 or 3 beanlike seeds.
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Italian engraver and printer
Alessandro Capriolo was an Italian engraver and printer.
He was born in Trento in 1557, but moved to Rome in 1580 to become a printer. He engraved an Assumption based on a fresco by Zuccari, a Mary Magdalen based on a design of the Flemish painter and draughtsman Maerten de Vos, and others.
Sources
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Species of termite
Microcerotermes cylindriceps, is a species of small termite of the genus Microcerotermes. It is found from Pankulum area of Sri Lanka.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carey_Orr"}
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American cartoonist
Carey Cassius Orr (January 17, 1890 in Ada, Ohio – May 16, 1967) was an American editorial cartoonist.
In his youth, Orr was a semi-professional baseball pitcher, and he used the money he made from baseball to study at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. After a $15 a week job at the Chicago Examiner, he was 24 when he began at the Nashville Tennessean as a full-time editorial cartoonist. In 1917, he signed on with the Chicago Tribune, where he stayed for 46 years. He drew the Kernel Cootie comic strip.
On March 25, 1914, he married Cherry Maud Kindel, and they had two daughters. Cartooning ran in the family, as Orr was the uncle of Apple Mary creator Martha Orr, and his grandson is the cartoonist-stockbroker Carey Orr Cook.
Carey Orr met and served as an early role model to Walt Disney when Disney moved back to Chicago. According to Neal Gabler's Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination, Disney was very impressed by Orr's strip The Tiny Tribune.
Awards
In 1961, In 1961, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning. That same year he was profiled on the television series This Is Your Life (May 21, 1961).
Archives
His papers are held at the Newberry Library and Lake Forest College Library. In 1966, he donated more than 5400 cartoons to the Syracuse University Library's Special Collections Research Center. On June 3, 1966, he wrote:
My 50 years as a political cartoonist has been unique in one respect in that I have always finished the drawing completely without submitting the idea to the editor beforehand. The normal procedure is for the cartoonist to submit two or three rough sketches, one of which the editor may O.K. for completion. This latter method is a great time waster, and causes the artist to depend on the judgement of others with regard to his own work. Eventually the artist loses the ability to distinguish a good idea from a poor one. It is a bad habit to be too dependent on others.
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Khiyo (Bengali: ক্ষ) are an English fusion band of British and Bengali descent formed in London, England in 2007. The three core members of Khiyo are Sohini Alam on vocals, Oliver Weeks on guitar and piano, and Ben Heartland on bass.
History
Khiyo is named after a letter of the Bengali alphabet, the 'Khiyo'. It is a unique letter that, whilst being a combination of two letters, has an identity of its own. The name reflects the band's members drawing on different musical backgrounds, amalgamating into a singularly identifiable sound. Alam met Weeks in 2007 when she was understudy for the Bengali singer Mousumi Bhowmik, with whom Weeks was working in the band Parapar. They later brought in Weeks' friend Heartland, who he knew from studying together at Cambridge University.
Style
The band combines and mixes interpretations of traditional Bangladeshi songs with original modern arrangements. They draw influence from classical, rock, jazz, blues, Nazrul Sangeet, Rabindra Sangeet, Bengali folk and Indian classical.
Recording and performances
In December 2012, Khiyo released the music video for its version of Rabindranath Tagore's song "Amar Sonar Bangla". In September 2013, they headlined at the Purcell Room as part of the Southbank Centre's Alchemy festival.
In August 2014, the band self-released their Khiyo|self-titled debut album with a launch at the Forge in Camden Town, London. The album (which was recorded over seven years) combines grungy rhythm-section and acoustic guitars to classic Bangladeshi melodies. In September of the same year, they performed songs from their album live on BBC Asian Network, hosted by Nadia Ali. In August 2015, the album was re-launched by ARC Music.
Discography
Albums
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Scottish footballer
Billy Morrison (?–?) was a Scottish footballer who played for Fulham between 1904 and 1908, making 142 appearances and scoring nine goals for the club in all competitions.
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Brazilian footballer (born 1990)
Andrey Marcel Ferreira Coutinho (born January 12, 1990 in Brasil) is a Brazilian footballer.
Honours
Young Africans
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4a541e3c-d4dd-4a8f-a0e2-176e1b7bd870
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Argentine footballer
Jorge Berrio is a former Argentine association football defender who played five seasons in the North American Soccer League.
In 1979, Berrio signed with the Memphis Rogues of the North American Soccer League. In the fall of 1980, he moved to the Jacksonville Tea Men and played the 1980–1981 NASL indoor season followed by two outdoor NASL seasons. In 1983, the Tea Men moved to the second division American Soccer League, winning the title. He then played one NASL indoor season with the Tulsa Roughnecks in 1983–1984. In 1984, Berrio played one last season with the Tea Men, this time in the United Soccer League.
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7b874ce7-d9ea-4b49-a3d2-06a0ef8f22b3
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wescott_Infant_School"}
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Academy in Wokingham, Berkshire, England
Wescott Infant School is a coeducational infant school located in Wokingham, Berkshire, England.
The school caters for children from ages four to seven (Reception to Year 2). Children join the school as "Rising Fives" and there is a three-term intake with a maximum of around 150 children on roll each year. Wescott holds the prestigious Artsmark Gold Award from the Arts Council, and in 2003 it was awarded a DFES School Achievement Award. The school has also been awarded Healthy Schools status.
History
The school was founded in 1828 as a National School for boys and girls, and was originally located in Rose Street, Wokingham, behind the existing houses at numbers 9 and 11. By 1901, the population of the town had increased threefold and as there was no room for expansion on the Rose Street site it was decided to build a new school in Goodchild Road. The new school opened on 8 January 1906. It was known as the Wescott Road Council School, and was named after Thomas Manley Wescott, the first Mayor of Wokingham. The school was built by W. Watson, builders of Ascot, at a cost of £6,000. The architect was Edmund Fisher, who was also responsible for the design of a number of other Berkshire schools. The school was intended to accommodate 400 children but the attendance was mixed and averaged 240 pupils a day during its early years. The school originally catered for boys and girls from five through to 14, which was then the school leaving age. The first headmaster was a Mr George Manoah Ebenezer Fryer. There were 11 other teachers and 222 children on the register in the first month. A further building, known as the annexe, was erected in 1911 for woodwork, cookery, and the evening continuation classes. The secondary-age pupils moved out in the 1950s to join the newly built St Crispin's School. In 1974, with the opening of Westende Junior School, Wescott became an infant school, educating children up to the age of seven.
Wescott School was designated as a Grade II listed building on 24 June 1998 by English Heritage, who describe it as a "well-designed and executed early-C20 school in the Arts and Crafts style". The adjacent school annexe, which was originally the technology block but now houses a nursery school, is also a Grade II listed building.
The school celebrated its centennial in 2006. Her Royal Highness Princess Anne visited the school on 28 March 2006 as part of the centennial celebrations to unveil a commemorative plaque. She was entertained with a short musical performance by the children, followed by the first public performance of The Wescott School song, commissioned by the school from Luke Bedford, a former pupil and winner of the BBC’s Young Composer of the Year award (2004).
Previously a community school administered by Wokingham Borough Council, in July 2020 Wescott Infant School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by The Circle Trust.
Facilities
The school has a central hall surrounded by six classrooms, each of which has its own computer facilities. Wescott was selected as one of the pilot sites for the National Grid for Learning. The school hall is used by the local community for a variety of activities including: Rainbows, Brownies, fitness classes and football training. There is a private day nursery located within the playground which has an informal link with the school. Most of the children from Westcott move on to Westende Junior School. The two schools work closely together and have a joint Parent Teachers' Association. Westende School has a heated outdoor swimming pool, and Wescott pupils have swimming lessons at the pool during the summer months. Parents and pupils who belong to the school Swimming Association can also use the swimming pool after school and during the summer holidays.
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Village in Bolu, Turkey
Geriş is a village in the Kıbrıscık District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 85 (2021).
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61e93772-1a59-4ed2-8495-f626da22026c
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%27%C5%8D"}
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En'ō (延応) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Ryakunin and before Ninji. This period spanned the years from February 1239 to July 1240. The reigning emperor was Shijō-tennō (四条天皇).
Change of era
Events of the En'ō Era
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608ecb20-dc08-4e99-8441-1a631c7beb5f
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Leandro de Santo Agostinho da Piedade, O.A.D. (1688–1740) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of São Tomé e Príncipe (1738–1740).
Biography
Leandro de Santo Agostinho da Piedade was born on 14 Nov 1688 in Lisbon, Portugal and ordained a priest in the Order of Discalced Augustinians on 31 Dec 1712. He was ordained a deacon in the order on 27 Dec 1713. On 21 Jul 1738, he was selected as the Bishop of São Tomé e Príncipe and confirmed by Pope Clement XII on 3 Sep 1738. On 25 Jan 1739, he was consecrated bishop by Tomás de Almeida, Patriarch of Lisbon, with Manoel da Cruz Nogueira, Bishop of São Luís do Maranhão, and Luiz de Santa Teresa da Cruz Salgado de Castilho, Bishop of Olinda, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of São Tomé e Príncipe until his death in 1740.
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f771f1e6-3adc-456f-b9ea-f4c7b19cae66
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Serbian footballer
Srđan Ostojić (Serbian Cyrillic: Срђан Остојић; born 10 January 1983) is a retired Serbian football goalkeeper.
Honours
Gomel
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ab307b7e-48d2-4758-a741-b885d4abb992
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English footballer (1934–2021)
Keith Morton (11 August 1934 – 24 November 2021) was an English professional footballer who scored 52 goals from 176 appearances in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Darlington in the 1950s and early 1960s. He played for Palace as an amateur, and was on the books of Sunderland before spending the majority of his career with Darlington. He began his career as a centre forward and finished as an outside right.
Life and career
Morton was born in Consett, County Durham. He began his football career as a teenage amateur with Crystal Palace, and scored three goals from five Third Division South appearances in the 1953–54 Football League season. He returned to the north-east of England and spent a season with First Division club Sunderland, but never appeared for their first team. In May 1955, he signed for Third Division North club Darlington, where he soon established himself as a first-team regular.
In the fourth round of the 1957–58 FA Cup, Ron Harbertson, Dave Carr and Morton scored at Stamford Bridge to give Darlington a three-goal lead over Chelsea, league champions only three years earlier, but they let the lead slip. Unfit for the replay because of injury, Morton's place went to Tommy Moran, who scored twice and created two more to inflict an embarrassing defeat on the First Division side.
In a match against local rivals Hartlepools United at Christmas 1958, he was knocked unconscious and broke bones in his neck when opposing full-back Jack Cameron fell on him after a tackle. He underwent emergency surgery and was in an upper-body cast for four months. Although able to resume his career the next season, he retired in 1961 aged just 26, having made two hundred senior appearances in all competitions, of which all but five were for Darlington. In March of that year, he shared a benefit match with Darlington's appearance-record holder Ron Greener.
After retirement, Morton sold second-hand cars in his native Consett. He died on 24 November 2021, at the age of 87.
Career statistics
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f1e283fa-4cc8-45a4-b0a2-1a6886dfe82e
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobieszyn"}
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Village in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
Sobieszyn [sɔˈbjɛʂɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ułęż, within Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Ułęż, 17 km (11 mi) east of Ryki, and 49 km (30 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.
The village has a population of 756.
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023e3561-1397-4f09-b91e-199caa1befcf
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balal,_Iran"}
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Village in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
Balal (Persian: بلال, also Romanized as Balāl; also known as Deh-e Balāl) is a village in Jahanabad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 11 families.
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14047fb1-18d5-4217-b6af-7aed6e0c3882
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedaranyeswarar_Temple"}
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Hindu temple of Shiva in Vedaranyam, India
Vedaranyeswarar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Shiva, located in the town of Vedaranyam in Tamil Nadu, India. Vedaranyeswarar is revered in the 7th century Tamil Shaiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the Nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. It is the only temple to have found mention in all the seven Thirumurais. The temple is famed for the legend between the saints Appar and Sambandar when the former sang to open the door while the latter sang to close the door.
Vedaranyeswarar temple is a part of the series of temples built by Aditya Chola (871-907 CE) along the banks of river Kaveri to commemorate his victory in the Tirupurambiyam battle. (But this statement cannot be true as Appar and Thirugnaana Sambandar had visited the temple during the reign of Mahendra Pallavan in the early 7 th century itself. At that time, they made the doors of the temple open and close with their Thevaram poems. The temple must, therefore, have been built long before the era of Mahendra Pallavan himself). It has several inscriptions dating back to the Chola period. The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 5:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and three yearly festivals on its calendar. The annual Brahmotsavam (prime festival) is attended by thousands of devotees from far and near. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.
Etymology and legend
The town Vedaranyam is named after Vedaranyeswarar, the presiding deity of the Vedaranyeswarar Temple, a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva. The place was earlier known as "Tirumaraikadu", meaning the place where Vedas, oldest scriptures of Hinduism, originated. The 7th century Shaiva canonical work Tevaram by Appar and Tirugnanasambandar mentions the place as "Tirumaraikadu". As per Hindu legend, the Vedas worshipped Shiva in this place, giving the name "Vedaranyam" to the place. According to another Hindu legend, Rama, the seventh avatar of god Vishnu, is believed to have visited Vedaranyam to absolve himself from the sins committed in the war against the Illangai King Ravana. The footprints of Rama is preserved in a place called Ramar Padam near Vedaranyam. According to a Tamil legend, the Vedas locked the gates of the temple after worshiping Shiva. It is believed that sage Agastya witnessed the marriage between Shiva and Parvathi from this temple. As per another legend, a rat in the lamp tickled a ghee lamp, thus expanding the spread of light. Shiva blessed the rat and it was born as king Mahabali in its next birth. The Asvanis Nachiketa and Svetaketu performed tapas in this place.
History
The recorded history of Vedaranyam is found from the inscriptions in Vedaranyeswarar Temple. The inscriptions are recorded by the Madras Epigraphical department during 1904. There are a total of 88 recorded inscriptions named from 415 of 1904 to 503 of 1904. The inscriptions date from the reign of Aditya Chola (871–907 CE), Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014 CE), Rajendra Chola I (1012–1044 CE) and Kulothunga Chola I (1070–1120 CE) indicating various grants to the temple. Paranjothi Munivar, a 13th-century saint, who wrote the book Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam, was born at Vedaranyam. An inscription dating back to Parantaka Chola mentions the gift of 90 sheep by a merchant to the temple for the maintenance of a perpetual lamp.
Vedaranyam continued to be a part of the Chola Empire and the Chola region emerged as a centre of Saivism during the reign of Kulothunga Chola I (1070–1120 CE). After the fall of Cholas during the reign of Rajendra Chola II in the 13th century CE, the erstwhile Chola region was caught under a power struggle between Pandyas and Hoysalas. The royal patronage continued to the temple during the rule of the Nayaks. The Negapatam region (modern day Nagapattinam district) was briefly captured by French troops led by Lally (1702–66 CE) in 1759 CE. The Tanjore district was annexed by British after the French failed to subdue the king of Tanjore. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.
Architecture
The temple houses an emerald image of lingam, locally called Maragatha lingam. Vedaranyeswarar temple complex has three prakarams (outer courtyard) and two five-tiered rajagopuram (gateway tower) both on the western & eastern directions. The temple houses a tank named Manikarnika on the Western entrance inside the temple complex. The central shrine faces east and holds the image of Vedaranyeswarar (Shiva) in the form of lingam made of granite. The granite images of the deities Ganesha (son of Shiva and god of wisdom), Murugan (son of Shiva and god of war), Nandi (the bull and vehicle of Shiva) and Navagraha (nine planetary deities) are located in the hall leading to the sanctum. As in other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the first precinct or the walls around the sanctum of Vedaranyeswarar has images of Dakshinamurthy (Shiva as the Teacher), Durga (warrior-goddess) and Chandikeswarar (a saint and devotee of Shiva). The second precinct is surrounded by granite walls. The inner sanctum houses the image of the 63 nayanars. There are also images of Ramanatha linga, Shanmugha, Jvaradeva, Saraswati, Sanisvara, Annapurni, Durga, Nataraja, Bhairava, Surya and Chandra. Unlike other temples, the images of Navagraha are found in a row. The images of Durga and Vanadurga are unique reprsentation of the deities.
Processional Dance
The Thyagarajar Temple at Tiruvarur is famous for the ajapa thanam (dance without chanting). According to legend, a Chola king named Mucukunta obtained a boon from Indra(a celestial deity) and wished to receive an image of Thyagaraja Swamy(presiding deity, Shiva in the temple) reposing on the chest of reclining Vishnu. Indra tried to misguide the king and had six other images made, but the king chose the right image at Tiruvarur. The other six images were installed in Thirukkuvalai, Nagapattinam, Tirukarayil, Tirukolili, Thirukkuvalai and Tirumaraikadu. All the seven places are villages situated in the river Kaveri delta. All seven Thyagaraja images are said to dance when taken in procession(it is the bearers of the processional deity who actually dance). The temples with dance styles are regarded as Saptha Vidangam(seven dance moves). and the related temples are as under:
Worship and religious practices
The temple priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the Shaiva community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; Ushathkalam at 5:30 a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 10:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., Irandamkalam at 7:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: abhisheka (sacred bath), alangaram (decoration), naivethanam (food offering) and deepa aradanai (waving of lamps) for both Vedaranyeswarar and Amman. The worship is held amidst music with nagaswaram (pipe instrument) and tavil (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the Vedas (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like somavaram (Monday) and sukravaram (Friday), fortnightly rituals like pradosham and monthly festivals like amavasai (new moon day), kiruthigai, pournami (full moon day) and sathurthi. The twin festivals celebrated during the full moon days of Tamil month Adi (July – August) and Thai (January – February) attract large number of pilgrims from whole of Tamil Nadu. Pilgrims take a holy dip in the seashore round the year and the holy dip is considered similar to the worship practises at Rameswaram. A holy dip in the Manikarnika ghat is considered to expiate sins. The Mahasamprokshanam also known as Kumbabishegam of the temple was held on 26 October 2015.
Religious importance
The Nayanmars (Shaiva saints) Appar and Tirugnanasambandar could not enter the locked temple. At this, on Tirugnanasambandar's request, Appar sang devotional hymns praising Shiva, after which the gates opened. Tirugnanasambandar's devotional hymns locked the gates again. Vedaranyeswarar is revered in the 7th century Tamil Shaiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. It is the only temple to have found mention in all the seven Thirumurais. The temple is famed for the legend between Appar and Sambandar when the former sang to open the door while the latter sang to close the door. It is believed that Sundarar, another nayanar, visited the temple along with Chera king Cherama Perumal Nayanar. The western entrance of the temple houses the image of elephant god named Virahatte Vinayaga who is believed to have driven away the ghosts killed by Rama. Mahodya Amavasya is a religious occasion occurring every year during the full moon day of Tamil month Thai. During the occasion Mahodaya Snanam, having dip in four water bodies in Vedaranyam, namely the pond close to the temple, Kodiayakarai beach, Vedaranyam sea and finally the Manikarnika Tank inside the temple. During the occasion, hundreds of devotees throng the temple where special rituals are performed.
Paintings
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluey_(2018_TV_series)"}
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Australian animated preschool television series
Australian TV series or program
Bluey is an Australian preschool animated television series that premiered on ABC Kids on 1 October 2018. The program was created by Joe Brumm and is produced by Queensland-based company Ludo Studio. It was commissioned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the British Broadcasting Corporation, with BBC Studios holding global distribution and merchandising rights. The series made its premiere on Disney Junior in the United States and is released internationally on Disney+.
The show follows Bluey, an anthropomorphic six-year-old Blue Heeler puppy who is characterised by her abundance of energy, imagination and curiosity of the world. The young dog lives with her father, Bandit; mother, Chilli; and younger sister, Bingo, who regularly joins Bluey on adventures as the pair embark on imaginative play together. Other characters featured each represent a different dog breed. Overarching themes include the focus on family, growing up and Australian culture. The program was created and is produced in Queensland; its capital city Brisbane inspires the show's setting.
Bluey has received consistently high viewership in Australia on both broadcast television and video on demand services. It has influenced the development of merchandise and a stage show featuring its characters. The program has won two Logie Awards for Most Outstanding Children's Program as well as an International Emmy Kids Award in 2019. It has been praised by television critics for depicting a modern everyday family life, constructive parenting messages and the role of Bandit as a positive father figure.
Characters
The child characters of Bluey are voiced by children of the program's production crew and are not credited as voice performers.
Main
Recurring
Notable guests
Development
Conception
In July 2017, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) co-commissioned Bluey as an animated series for preschool children to be developed by Queensland production company Ludo Studio. The production received funding from Screen Australia and Screen Queensland, with the setting of the series drawing upon the unique semi-tropical Queensland climate. Created by Joe Brumm, the series was inspired by his experience in raising two daughters. Brumm wanted to portray the importance of children participating in imaginative play, creating the title character Bluey as a Cattle Dog to give the series an Australian voice. Brumm had previously worked on children's programs in the United Kingdom as a freelance animator and decided to create Bluey as a replica of the program Peppa Pig for an Australian audience. He conceived the idea independently in 2016, and produced a one-minute pilot through his company Studio Joho, with a small team in their spare time. Brumm approached Ludo Studio to develop the series; co-founders Charlie Aspinwall and Daley Pearson pitched the pilot at conferences such as MIPCOM in France. Brumm stated that the first pilot contained some "dangerous" character behaviours which drew the attention of studio executives; this included Bandit pushing Bluey and Bingo on a swing in an unsafe way. Pearson expressed that it was difficult to pitch the series as it was not high-concept; but rather "just a show about family and games".
The studio developed a five-minute animation sample that was pitched at the Asian Animation Summit in Brisbane in 2016, and was thereby noticed by ABC and BBC executives. Michael Carrington of the ABC viewed the presentation and secured $20,000 of funding for the studio to produce a refined, seven-minute pilot. The new pilot was presented at the Asian Animation Summit in 2017. The two networks officially ordered 52 seven-minute episodes of Bluey, with the BBC investing 30 percent of the funding and acquiring the global rights for distribution and merchandising. The series was produced entirely in Australia by a local team, many of whom were first-time animators from Brisbane. The program was announced to premiere in Australia on ABC Kids, followed by CBeebies.
Production
Writing
"There's no counting in Bluey, there's no learning this or that ... just show 'em playing. It's to show parents that the kids aren't just mucking around. They're learning to play, learning to share ... and generally you can just put your feet up and let 'em do it."
—Joe Brumm, 2019
The stories featured in Bluey depict Bluey and Bingo engaging in imaginative play. Brumm wanted to show that self-directed and unstructured play is natural in shaping children and allowing them to develop. He consulted research based on socio-dramatic play, reading the works of Sara Smilansky and Vivian Paley, who both had backgrounds in early childhood education. The episodes show the parents as guides for their children, who allow them to explore their immediate surroundings independently, giving them opportunities to practise adult roles. Brumm drew inspiration for scripts from his own experiences in watching his daughters play, which he described was "as natural to them as breathing". The program's scripts show how children can use gameplay to learn lessons and integrate the world of adults into their own; Brumm noticed how his children would recreate interactions such as visits to the doctor, through roleplay. Pearson stated that gameplay represents children's first experiences of collaboration, cooperation, responsibility and emotions such as jealousy. Brumm discovered the importance of play-based learning after his daughter struggled with formal education, which led him to exclude elements of literacy and numeracy in Bluey and focus on the depiction of life skills. Brumm stated that he wanted the series to depict his experience as a parent rather than aim for children to be explicitly taught something. His creative aims were to make children laugh, and show parents what children can learn while engaged in play.
The characters of Bluey each represent a particular dog breed, some of which are drawn from Brumm's personal life. Brumm had a Blue Heeler named Bluey throughout his childhood, in addition to a Dalmatian named Chloe. Bandit is based on a Blue Heeler belonging to his father's friend. Bandit's career as an archaeologist was inspired by Brumm's older sibling Adam.
Brumm writes the majority of episode scripts, with Aspinwall labelling the series as an "observational" show, depicting Brumm's family life, and producer Sam Moor describing it as "[Brumm's] life on screen"; when producing the pilot, Brumm's daughters were aged between four and six, like Bluey and Bingo. Brumm's process for writing sometimes begins with making notes about his family's experiences; including games his children play and the conflict that arises between them. For this reason, Brumm has described the process as a challenge for other writers on the series. Moor stated that there are few writers besides Brumm, mostly animators already working on the series. The program was designed to be a co-viewing experience for parents and their children to enjoy together. Brumm described the process of writing each episode as "a chance to make a short film". The conflict and humour in the episodes stems from Bandit's relationship with his daughters. Bluey has been described as "rough and tumble" by Pearson, with both her and Bingo being seen to subvert the stereotypes of female characters, but rather have the characteristics of real puppies. This has led to uninformed viewers questioning if the characters are boys or girls. Pearson has credited the decision of Bluey and Bingo being girls to resemble the real families of Brumm, Aspinwall and McCormack. In relation to the humour of the series, Brumm has stated there is a lot of physical activity and "craziness".
Storyboarding and animation
Bluey is animated in-house at Ludo Studio in Brisbane, in Fortitude Valley, where approximately 50 people work on the program. Costa Kassab serves as one of the art directors of the series, who has been credited with drawing the locations of the series which are based on real places in Brisbane, including parks and shopping centres. Locations featured in the series have included Queen Street Mall and South Bank, as well as landmarks such as The Big Pelican on the Noosa River. Brumm determines the specific locations which are to be included. Post-production of the series takes place externally in South Brisbane.
Approximately fifteen episodes of the series are developed by the studio at any one time across a range of production stages. After story ideas are conceived, the script-writing process takes place for up to two months. The episodes are then storyboarded by artists, who produce 500 to 800 drawings over three weeks while consulting the writer's script. After the storyboard is finished, a black and white animatic is produced, to which the dialogue recorded independently by voice artists is added. The episodes are then worked on for four weeks by animators, background artists, designers, and layout teams. The entire production team views a near-completed episode of Bluey on a Friday. Pearson stated that over time, the viewings developed into test screenings, with members of production bring their family, friends and children to watch the episode. The complete production process for an episode takes three to four months. Moor described the program's colour palette as "a vibrant pastel".
During the lockdown period of the 2019–22 COVID-19 pandemic, the production staff of 50 were required to work on the episodes remotely from home. A skeleton crew of three remained working on the series at the studio. After restrictions eased in May, this number increased to ten and later 20. Production on the third series concluded in April 2022.
Casting
The series features David McCormack, from the band Custard, as the voice of Bluey's father, Bandit. He was initially approached to read what he assumed would only be "a couple of lines", but ended up voicing Bandit for the entire pilot. McCormack performs his voice work for the series remotely in Sydney, which is then sent to the production company in Brisbane. He stated that he does not hear any other voice actors or view footage while recording, and that he does not alter his own voice to produce Bandit's dialogue. Melanie Zanetti provides the voice of Bluey's mother, Chilli; she became interested in the series after reading the script for the pilot.
Brumm's mother, Chris Brumm, voices Nana Heeler, while his younger brother, Dan Brumm, voices Uncle Stripe, as well as working as a sound designer on the series. The child characters of the series, including Bluey and Bingo, are voiced by some of the children of the program's production crew.
Music
Joff Bush serves as one of the primary composers of Bluey, writing half of the soundtrack himself and leading a group of additional composers, including David Barber. Bush graduated from the Queensland Conservatorium, where he met Pearson, and before Bluey worked on series such as The Family Law and Australian Survivor. Bush has stated that each episode has its own unique musical style, and he likes to become involved in the episodes as they are scripted. Live instruments are regularly played for the recordings. Every episode of Bluey is individually scored, a decision made by Brumm, who was inspired by the original compositions for Charlie and Lola while working on the series in the United Kingdom.
Classical music is regularly used throughout the underscore, with pieces such as Beethoven's "Ode to Joy" and Mozart's "Rondo Alla Turca (from Sonata No. 11)" being interpreted by composers. A movement from The Planets by Gustav Holst is prominently featured in the episode "Sleepytime". Bush composed the theme song for Bluey, and he has been nominated for several APRA Screen Music Awards, in 2019 for the soundtrack of the episode "Teasing" and in 2020 for "Flat Pack". He was nominated for the APRA Award for Most Performed Screen Composer – Overseas in 2022, and the show's score won Best Music for Children's Programming in 2021. The music for Bluey is licensed by Universal Music Publishing on behalf of BBC Worldwide Music Publishing. The first soundtrack for the series by Bush, Bluey: The Album, was released on 22 January 2021. It debuted at number one on the ARIA Albums Chart, and became the first children's album to reach the top of the charts in Australia. It won Best Children's Album at the 2021 ARIA Music Awards, and won the 2021 APRA Award for Best Soundtrack Album. A second soundtrack, Dance Mode!, is scheduled for release on 21 April 2023.
Themes
A central theme of the series is the influence of a supportive family; this is reflected in the relationships between Bluey, Bingo, Bandit and Chilli. The Heeler family are presented as a nuclear family. Brumm was eager to reflect contemporary parenting practices, with both adults shown to be working parents; Bandit as an archaeologist and Chilli working part-time in airport security. Bethany Hiatt of The West Australian explains that the series depicts the realities of modern-day fatherhood, with Bandit seen regularly doing housework and engaging in imaginative play with his children. Chilli's role as a mother is explored as she balances both work and family life. Her struggles with newborn motherhood and encounters of competitiveness in a parenting group are depicted through flashbacks of Bluey experiencing significant developmental milestones. Both parents are shown to acknowledge and validate the emotions of their children, such as Bluey's distress after the death of a bird. Bluey and Bingo are shown to navigate their sibling relationship throughout the episodes, learning how to work together, compromise, and resolve conflicts. Episodes detail the family's contemporary domestic lifestyle, with Philippa Chandler of The Guardian describing the series as "social realism".
The series also depicts Australian contemporary culture, and is set in semi-tropical Queensland. The animation of Australian architecture in the series is designed to reflect the typical Queenslander residential designs of Brisbane; high-set suburban dwellings with characteristic verandas, against representations of Brisbane skylines. The characters speak with Australian accents in local and international airings. The series has a focus on the Australian sense of humour with dry wit frequently expressed through the dialogue. Several episodes detail the exploration of Australia's climate and nature, with characters encountering Australian wildlife such as fruit bats, wallabies, kookaburras and ibises. Flora of Australia are also depicted in the series, including Poinciana trees and Jacaranda trees. The series explores Australian sport through the inclusion of rugby league; the Maroons and the Blues are featured in a depiction of the State of Origin series. However, Brumm has expressed that he did not want to exaggerate the stereotypes of Australia.
The series advocates the importance of play throughout childhood. Bluey and Bingo are the vehicle used to display this theme; the episode "Trampoline" features Bandit imploring Bluey to continue creating new games to play. The siblings engage in imaginative play during "mundane" activities such as visiting the doctor or going to the supermarket. The parents are shown to engage in the play with their children. Bluey and Bingo also engage in imaginative play with their friends; learning lessons such as the importance of following the rules. The characters also learn lessons such as the influence of technology, the economy and personal finance through their gameplay. Pearson has stated that the characters experience emotions such as jealousy and regret through their gameplay. He commented that, while there is no antagonist in the series, these emotions form the central conflicts of the program.
The character of Jack is shown to have attention deficit issues; he states that he "can't sit still or remember anything". Upon the online character announcement, parents praised the representation of children with attention deficit issues. Dougie was introduced as a profoundly deaf character who uses Auslan to communicate with his mother in the episode "Turtleboy"; the character is shown signing but it is not the focus of the episode's story. Consultants were involved to authentically animate the Auslan signs, and viewers praised the representation. The episode "Onesies" alludes to the fact that Chilli's sister Brandy cannot have children, addressing the topic of fertility without specifically labelling the reason why. It was also reported that "The Show" subtly approaches pregnancy loss.
Episodes
The first series premiered in Australia on ABC Kids on 1 October 2018, with 26 episodes airing daily throughout October. The following 25 episodes of the series began airing on 1 April 2019. The final episode of the first series, a Christmas special, aired on 12 December 2019. It was reported in March 2019 that production had begun on a second series of 52 episodes; the order was officially announced in May. The second series premiered on 17 March 2020, with the first 26 episodes airing daily, through April. The remaining episodes began airing on 25 October 2020, and were followed by a Christmas special which aired on 1 December 2020, and an Easter special airing on 4 April 2021. Preliminary discussions for the third series had begun by April 2020; the series order was made official in October. The third series began airing on 5 September 2021 with a Father's Day-themed special, followed by further episode blocks from 22 November 2021, and 13 June 2022.
Release
Broadcast
In June 2019, the international broadcasting rights to Bluey were acquired by The Walt Disney Company, with plans to premiere on the Disney Junior television network and be distributed on the Disney+ streaming service in all territories (excluding Australia, New Zealand and China) from late 2019. The series premiered on Disney Junior in the United States on 9 September 2019 and was later distributed on Disney+ on 22 January 2020 and in the United Kingdom on 1 October 2020. The series notably features the original voice actors while airing overseas, after producers were initially asked to replace the Australian accents of the characters. The second series debuted on Disney Channel in the United States on 10 July 2020. The distribution deal with Disney originally encompassed the first two series of the program; the third series was acquired in May 2021. The first half of the third series debuted on Disney+ in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other licensed territories on 10 August 2022, and was followed on Disney's television networks at a later date.
In October 2019, Bluey debuted in New Zealand, airing on TVNZ 2 and streaming on TVNZ OnDemand. The first series made its Australian pay-TV premiere on CBeebies on 4 May 2020. It made its free-to-air television debut on CBeebies in April 2021 in the United Kingdom, Singapore and Malaysia.
Home media releases
The series was first distributed on DVD in Australia by Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment and BBC Studios, with the first two volumes, entitled Magic Xylophone and Other Stories and Horsey Ride and Other Stories released on 30 October 2019. They were followed by further volumes at later dates. In the United States, the first season was released on DVD in two volumes in early 2020. In the United Kingdom, the first volume was released on DVD in October 2021.
Reception
Critical reception
Bluey has enjoyed a positive critical reception. The series received a seal of approval from Common Sense Media, with reviewer Emily Ashby commending its positive family and social themes. Bluey was praised by Philippa Chandler of The Guardian for its "sharp script" and depiction of everyday family life, while commenting that its Queensland background set it apart from other cartoons on television. Readers of The New York Times's parenting blog submitted Bluey as their favourite children's show, describing it as charming, smart and "very real". The series was called "laugh-out-loud funny" by Stephanie Convery of The Guardian, who credited its humour to the "quirky behaviour" of the child characters. In 2019, TV Week listed Bluey at number 98 in its list of the 101 greatest Australian television shows of all time. Despite only being on air since 2018, the magazine wrote that Bluey "stole Australia's hearts faster than any other cartoon character" in what it described as a "cute, funny and modern" series. The series was listed at number 14 in Junkee's list of 50 television programs that defined the decade, in which it was described as "an absolute delight". In a list published by Rolling Stone of the top 100 sitcoms of all time, Bluey was listed at number 96, the only Australian series to be featured. The episode "Sleepytime" has been well received, with director Richard Jeffery winning an Australian Directors' Guild Award in 2021, and the episode winning the 2022 Prix Jeunesse International Award in the category of TV – Up to 6 Years Fiction (Children's).
The series received praise for its constructive parenting messages and depiction of Bandit Heeler as a positive father figure. The character was commended for his patient nature, willingness to do housework and play with his children. Jennifer McClellan of USA Today described Bandit as "sarcastic, sympathetic and silly". He has been received as "more emotionally intelligent" than the father from Peppa Pig. Reporters for The Guardian wrote that the show's messages about parenting align with published literature on parental wellbeing, noting how the show depicts the importance of play and learning social skills in child development. McClellan acknowledged the family dynamic of the characters; she described Chilli as the "voice of reason" and noted how Bluey and Bingo learn to navigate their sibling relationship. Convery commented that the sisters are accurate depictions of children, and that the roles of the parents are not presented as stereotypical of their respective genders. The series has also received online praise for its representation of attention deficit issues through the character of Jack, and the inclusion of Auslan through Dougie, a profoundly deaf character.
The website of the series was criticised for, in the character description of Chilli, suggesting that her return to part-time work prevents her from being as involved a parent as other mothers; the description was later altered. A separate incident saw an apology issued by the ABC in August 2020 in relation to the usage of the term "ooga booga" in the episodes "Teasing" and "Flat Pack", which was described as a term with "racial connotations and a problematic history for Indigenous Australians" through a viewer complaint. The ABC claimed that the term had only been intended as "irreverent rhyming slang made up by children", and maintained their commitment to addressing discrimination. The two episodes were temporarily removed from rotations before being edited to remove the term, which prompted mixed reactions from viewers.
Viewership
Bluey has received consistently high viewership on ABC Kids in Australia, becoming the most watched children's program across all channels on broadcast television in 2018 and 2019. The highest-rating live broadcast of the program, the final episode of the second series, "Easter", premiered on 4 April 2021 to 607,000 viewers. It was the most-watched broadcast across all free-to-air multichannels, and the third most-watched broadcast overall. In 2019, the series was the most-watched program through time shifting.
In March 2019, it was reported that Bluey had become the most downloaded program in the history of ABC's video on demand and catch up TV service ABC iview, with 21.3 million total episode plays. Within one year of the show's premiere, this figure had risen to 152 million, and by May 2020, there had been 261 million plays of episodes from the first series. It was also reported that the second series had totalled 43 million episode plays by May. By May 2021, episodes from both series had generated over 480 million plays.
Awards and nominations
Other media
Books
In April 2019, BBC Studios entered a partnership with Penguin Random House Australia with a deal to publish three Bluey books before the end of 2019. "The Beach", "Fruit Bat", and a sticker activity book entitled "Time to Play", were released on 5 November 2019. All three books were recognised as the highest-selling releases in the weekly Australian book charts of November 2019, and had sold a combined total of 350,000 copies by January 2020. The combined sales of the first nine books reached 1 million in June 2020; and the figure for all books had reached 5 million by October 2022. In September 2020, the partnership with Penguin Random House was expanded to include global distribution rights, allowing the books to be released in the United States and the United Kingdom.
Merchandise
Moose Toys was named as the global toy partner for Bluey in June 2019; the company announced that toys would be released in Australia by the end of 2019, and later in the United States. Plush character toys of Bluey and Bingo were released in November, and a character figurine set was released in December. The plush Bluey topped the Toys "R" Us release chart of Christmas 2019, while the demand for the plush Bingo exceeded the number of toys being supplied to stores. By December, over 100,000 plush character toys had been sold in Australia. The toy line was launched in the United States in June 2020.
In January 2020, Bluey partnered with Bonds to release a clothing range for children, including pyjamas and socks featuring character designs. A more comprehensive clothing range was made available at Australian retailers in March, including clothing, sleepwear and underwear. A range of adult pyjamas were released in May 2020 through Peter Alexander stores, which became the fastest selling collection in the retailer's history. Commemorative birth certificates featuring Bluey artwork were made available to Queensland residents from March. Bauer Media Group released the first issue of a monthly Bluey magazine in May. A lifestyle range of children's furniture was released in June 2020.
Stage show
It was announced that a stage show based on Bluey was being developed in November 2019. The live stage show, titled Bluey's Big Play, toured in fifty theatres around Australia and featured the characters from the series. The tour was initially scheduled to begin in May 2020, but was delayed due to restrictions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. After eased restrictions, two preview performances were held at the Canberra Theatre Centre in January 2021 before further shows across the country. Bluey's Big Play also toured the United States, debuting at the Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden in November 2022.
Other
A balloon of the Bluey character appeared at Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in November 2022.
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St. Anthony Falls Bridge may refer to several bridges that cross the Mississippi River near St. Anthony Falls in Minneapolis:
The Stone Arch Bridge (Minneapolis) is between these, at the falls, but has not had that name.
Topics referred to by the same term
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American politician, legislator, and business owner
Jeffrey Mursau (June 12, 1954) is a Wisconsin politician, legislator and business owner.
Born in Oconto Falls, Wisconsin, Mursau owned his business and served as president of the village of Crivitz, Wisconsin. Mursau has served in the Wisconsin State Assembly since 2005.
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Former GB & Wales international rugby league footballer
Kelvin Skerrett (born 22 May 1966) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 2000s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and Wales, and at club level for Hunslet, Bradford Northern, Western Suburbs Magpies, Wigan and the Halifax Blue Sox, as prop or second-row, and coached at club level for Oulton Raiders ARLFC, and Methley Royals ARLFC.
Background
Skerrett was born in Middleton, Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.
Playing career
Skerrett was a Wales international and played at the 1995 Rugby League World Cup. He played for Wigan from 1990 to 1996, a successful period for that team, making 176 appearances (including 21 substitute appearances) and scoring 21 tries, and was named among BBC sports commentator Ray French's best Wigan XIII. During the 1991–92 Rugby Football League season, he played for defending champions Wigan as a prop in their 1991 World Club Challenge victory against the visiting Penrith Panthers. He was selected to go on the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand. During the 1992–93 Rugby Football League season he played from the bench in Great Britain's loss to Australia in the World Cup Final at Wembley. Skerrett also played at prop for defending RFL champions Wigan in the 1992 World Club Challenge against the visiting Brisbane Broncos.
Skerrett played left-second-row in Bradford Northern's 12–12 draw with Castleford in the 1987 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1987–88 season at Headingley, Leeds on Saturday 17 October 1987, played left-second-row in the 11–2 victory over Castleford in the 1987 Yorkshire Cup Final replay during the 1987–88 season at Elland Road, Leeds on Saturday 31 October 1987, played left-prop in the 20–14 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the 1989 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1989–90 season at Headingley, Leeds on Sunday 5 November 1989, and played left-prop in Wigan's 5–4 victory over St. Helens in the 1992 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1992–93 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Sunday 18 October 1992.
Skerrett played left-prop in Wigan's 2–33 defeat by Castleford in the 1993–94 Regal Trophy Final during the 1993–94 season at Elland Road, Leeds on Saturday 22 January 1994, and played left-prop in the 40–10 victory over Warrington in the 1994–95 Regal Trophy Final during the 1994–95 season at Alfred McAlpine Stadium, Huddersfield on Saturday 28 January 1995.
Post playing
After his playing career ended, Skerrett coached at British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA) Oulton Raiders ARLFC. He was later appointed Head Coach of new amateur rugby league club Methley Royals in 2009, to stand in for Tony Handforth, who had suffered a stroke. Handforth later returned to take back his job.
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Juan Manuel Rodríguez Parrondo (born 9 January 1964) is a Spanish physicist.[not verified in body] He is mostly popular for the invention of the Parrondo's paradox and his contributions in the thermodynamical study of information.
Biography
Juan Parrondo received his bachelors degree in 1987 and defended his Ph.D at Complutense University of Madrid in 1992. He started a permanent position at UCM at 1996. In the same year he invented the well-known Parrondo's Paradox, according to which 2 losing strategies may win while working together. Since then, the paradox has been widely used in biology and finances. He has also completed a lot of research in the field of Information Theory, mostly looking at information as a thermodynamic concept, which as a result of ergodicity breaking changed the entropy of the system.
Works by Juan M.R. Parrondo
"Noise-Induced Non-equilibrium Phase Transition" C. Van den Broeck, J. M. R. Parrondo and R. Toral, Physical Review Letters, vol. 73 p. 3395 (1994)
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German mathematician and physicist
Iris Anna Runge (1 June 1888 – 27 January 1966) was a German applied mathematician and physicist.
Life and work
Iris Runge was the eldest of six children of mathematician Carl Runge. She started studying physics, mathematics, and geography at the University of Göttingen in 1907, with the aim of becoming a teacher. At that time, she only attended the lectures, since women were not allowed to formally study at Prussian universities until 1908–1909. She attended lectures given by her father and spent a semester at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich working with Arnold Sommerfeld, which led to her first publication, Anwendungen der Vektorrechnung auf die Grundlagen der Geometrischen Optik ("Applications of vector calculations to the fundamentals of geometric optics") in Annalen der Physik ("Annals of Physics"). After passing her state exams (higher teachers' exam) in 1912, she taught at several schools (Lyzeum Göttingen, Oberlyzeum Kippenberg near Bremen). She went back to the university in 1918 to study chemistry. She took the supplementary examination for teachers in 1920. In 1920, she worked as a teacher at Schule Schloss Salem. She received her doctorate in 1921 under the supervision of Gustav Tammann, with a dissertation titled Über Diffusion im festen Zustande ("On diffusion in the solid state"). As a student, she was a personal assistant to Leonard Nelson. During the political upheaval in Germany after the First World War she was active in the election campaign of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD), which at that time implemented women's suffrage in Germany. She joined the party in 1929.
In 1923 she gave up teaching and worked at Osram as an industrial mathematician. Ellen Lax, who obtained her doctorate in 1919 under Walther Nernst, was Runge's colleague there. There, in accordance with the company's products (light bulbs and radio tubes), she worked on heat conduction problems, electron emission in tubes, and statistics for quality control in mass production. On the last topic Runge co-authored a then-standard textbook. In 1929, she was promoted to a senior company official. From 1929 she was in the radio tubes department, and after the department was acquired by Telefunken in 1939, she moved to work in the new company until the dissolution of the laboratory in 1945.
After 1945, she taught at the adult education center in Spandau and was a research assistant at the Technical University of Berlin. In 1947 she qualified as a professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin. Her inaugural lecture was titled Über das Rauschen von Elektronenröhren ("On the noise in electron tubes"); her published works were accepted in lieu of a habilitation thesis. In 1947, she was offered a teaching position there, and she worked until 1949 as an assistant to Friedrich Möglich, the chair of the theoretical physics division at Humboldt University. In November 1949 she was appointed as a lecturer, and in July 1950 she became a professor with a teaching assignment. She was one of three women professors in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, the other two being Elisabeth Schiemann and Katharina Boll-Dornberger. From March 1949, she also worked part-time again for Telefunken. In 1952 she became an emeritus professor at Humboldt University, where she gave lectures on theoretical physics until the summer semester of 1952. She lived in West Berlin until 1965, and then moved to live with her brother in Ulm.
She translated the book What is Mathematics? by Richard Courant (who was married to one of her sisters) and Herbert Robbins into German, and wrote a biography of her father, Carl Runge und sein wissenschaftliches Werk ("Carl Runge and his scientific works").
Publications
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_Tarock"}
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Card game
Bavarian Tarock (German: Bayerisches Tarock) or, often, just Tarock, is a card game that was once popular in Bavaria and also played in parts of Austria as well as Berlin. The name is a clue to its origin in the historical German game of [Gross-]Tarock, a game using traditional Tarot cards. At some point in the mid- to late-18th century, attempts were made to emulate Taroc using a standard 36-card German-suited pack, resulting in the formerly popular, south German game of German Tarok. During the last century, the variant played with a pot (Haferl) and often known as Bavarian Tarock or Haferltarock, evolved into "quite a fine game" that, however, has less in common with its Tarock progenitor. German Tarok also generated the very similar game of Tapp, played in Württemberg, and both are related to Bauerntarock, Dobbm and the American games of Frog and Six-Bid Solo. Bavarian Tarock should not be confused with Königrufen, also known as Austrian Tarock or just Tarock.
History
Bavarian Tarock is descended from an earlier game called German Tarok (Deutschtarok) whose rules are first described in 1839, but which rose to prominence during the 19th century in Bavaria and Swabia, notably in Munich where it was the favourite game of the middle classes. In Württemberg, it became known as Tapp when played with the French-suited cards that were introduced in the mid-19th century, its German-suited equivalent becoming known there as Württemberg Tarock. Meanwhile, the game had spread to Bavaria where it became known simply as Taro(c)k, occasionally as Sansprendre or, if played with a pot, as Haferltarock or Haferltarok. The earliest mention of the name "Bavarian Tarock" occurs in 1917 when it is recorded as being played on the western front at the Somme by German soldiers but this could well be German Tarok under a different name. Meanwhile Haferltarock is mentioned as early as 1880 being played in Munich with a "kitty of 30 or 50 pfennigs" and in 1888 of the "pleasant game of Haferltarock being played for a mark", but this is almost certainly German Tarok played with a pot called a Haferl.
After the First World War, German Tarok was superseded by a family of variants bearing its likeness, all characterised by fixed payments instead of payments based on overshoot points, but retaining Hearts as a preference suit. Variations included game values based on suit hierarchy, and payments for Schneider. After the Second World War, a new variant quickly dominated to become the modern game of Bavarian Tarock or Haferltarock. This version dropped any special status accorded to the suit of Hearts and introduced a more elaborate auction process using point bidding in steps of 5 and a correspondingly more complex payment system recalling that of German Tarok. The result is "quite a fine game", better than Tapp albeit further removed from Grosstarock.
Nevertheless, some simpler variants appear to have survived, according to Sirch (2008), which retain the old three-tier bidding and fixed payment schemes.
According to ASS Altenburger who produce 36-card Schafkopf Tarock packs, as at 2005 there were regions of Bavaria where the traditional game of Tarock was still played. Although the firm noticed that fewer and fewer Tarock packs were being bought they decided not to take the product off the market entirely. In 2017, Bavarian card game author, Erich Rohrmayer, said that Tarock was now extinct in Bavaria, but there is evidence that it was still being played in the late 2010s in Franconia, for example, in Plech, and there are even tournaments in places like Kappel.
Cards
German playing cards are used, traditionally those of the Bavarian pattern, with the values Ace (known in Bavaria as the Sau or "Sow") to 6. The card deck has a total of 36 cards (4 suits each of 9 cards). In the trade, special card games are sold which are labelled Schafkopf/Tarock (see illustration).
Card ranking
In Bavarian Tarock, a card's trick-taking value generally increases with its face value. The Ace (Aß) or Sow (Sau), symbol A, is the highest card and it is followed by the: Ten (Zehner) (10) > King (K) > Ober (O) > Unter (U) > Nine (Neuner) (9) > Eight (Achter) (8) > Seven (Siebener) (7) > Six (Sechser) (6)
Card values
The cards have the same point values as in Bavarian Schafkopf. The 10, with ten card points, is just below the Ace (11 points), but well above the King (4), Ober (3) and Unter (2). The value of the Spatzen ("sparrows" – 9 to 6) lies only in their trick-taking ability during a game, but they have no points value when calculating scores at the end of the round.
Trumps
In the original game, Hearts formed the permanent trump suit unless a Solo was bid. In the later variant, Hearts are the permanent trump suit if the talon is used to replenish cards; otherwise in Hand contracts, the trumps are chosen by the declarer. In the complex version of the game, the trump suit is chosen by the declarer; all nine cards of the chosen suit are trumps and the sequence within the trump suit is unchanged. There are no permanent trump cards in this version, as for example, in Skat, Doppelkopf or Schafkopf.
Players
Bavarian Tarock is a game for 3 players, each of whom is dealt 11 playing cards. Three cards lie face down in the middle of the table and are called the stock or gstaat. This is the same as the talon in many Tarock games. If 4 players are available, the dealer sits out, so that there are 3 players and one dealer who rotates.
Aim
The player who wins the bidding (Reizen) is the 'declarer'. The declarer plays against the other two, the opposition or defenders, and must score at least 61 points to win the deal. In earlier variants, it is a draw and there is no payment if both sides score 60; in the latest variant the declarer loses if the result is 60-60. The game is normally played for small stakes, the amount won depending on the nature of the bid.
Rules
The rules of Bavarian Tarock varied considerably over time. Today there are two main variants. The most commonly published version is called Bavarian Tarock or Haferltarock and is distinguished by its point-bidding system and in which Hearts have no special status. However, a simpler version, usually just called Tarock and reminiscent of the inter-war and immediate post-war period has also survived. The simpler variant will be described first.
Tarock (simple)
The following is a summary of the rules for the simple, contract-bidding game. The winner of the auction plays alone against two defenders and must achieve the stated contract by scoring at least 61 points. Settlement may be based on overshoot payments as in German Tarok or using fixed payments as in early 20th-century Tarock.
Each player draws a card from the pack. The player with the highest card (or first Ace) deals first. The dealer shuffles, offers the cut to his right, and places 3 cards as the talon, called the Gschdaad or gstaat, on the table. The dealer then deals 11 cards each in packets (4 – 3 – 4). There are three possible contracts and, in every case, the declarer must score at least 61 points to win. Scoring 91 or more is a Schneider and taking all tricks is a Durch. In a Frage the declarer exchanges 3 cards with the Gschdaad; in either Solo contract, it remains untouched. The Gschdaad or discards belong to the declarer at the end. The contracts are summarised below in ascending order:
Forehand opens the bidding with "pass" or "I'll play" ("ich spiele"). If unchallenged, he may announce any contract. A subsequent player wishing to overcall the first bidder says "I'll play better" ("Ich spiele besser"); thus committing to a Solo or Herzsolo. To overcall the second bidder, rearhand (the dealer) must announce "I'll play best" ("Ich spiele am besten"), but may then only play a Herzsolo. An earlier bidder may "hold" a higher subsequent bid. There is only one round of bidding with immediate hold.
Forehand leads to the first trick. Players must follow suit or trump if unable to follow, but there is no compulsion to head the trick. If they can neither follow nor trump, they may play any card. The trick is won by the highest card of the led suit or highest trump if any are played. The two defenders keep their tricks in a single pile.
The declarer must score 61 to win. If both sides score 60, the game is drawn and no payments are made. There are two alternative payment systems:
Example 1: Anton wins a Frage with 71 points. There are 11 overshoot points worth 11c, so this is rounded up and he collects 15c from the pot.
Example 2: Anton loses his Heart Solo to Berta and Charlotte, scoring 50 points. He pays 10ȼ to the two defenders who receive 5ȼ each. Had he scored 49, he would have paid 15ȼ and an additional 5ȼ would have been drawn from the pot in order that Berta and Charlotte could each receive 10ȼ.
Example 3: Charlotte wins a Leaf Solo, taking every trick. She has 60 overshoot points worth 60 x 1c = 60c, but this is doubled to €1.20 for the Durch which she collects from the pot.
Tarock (with Bettel)
The simple version of Tarock may be played with a Bettel contract; an optional feature that emerged during the interwar period. It is a misère-type contract in which the declarer aims to lose every trick; this is found in many other games including Skat (under the name Null) and Bavarian Schafkopf. As before, there are 3 players who use a 36-card Bavarian pattern pack. Deal and play are clockwise. There are typically five bids which, in ascending order, are:
In a Bettel, the declarer may not take any tricks and card points are not counted. It is only worth playing if a player has mainly blanks (Spatzen or "sparrows") and/or is void (frei) in one suit - in order to be able to discard individual high cards at one's leisure. Also the ranking of the card values changes: the 10 becomes 'low', i.e. it ranks between the Unter and the 9 in each suit. Otherwise, the ranking of the cards remains the same. There is no trump suit and players must follow suit without exception (known as Farbzwang). A Bettel is the highest ranking contract and winning it earns four times the basic game stake.
Bavarian Tarock or Haferltarock
Since the Second World War, a point-bidding variant of Bavarian Tarock has emerged and is the one recorded in the majority of game books. This is referred to by Dummett as Haferltarock, although that term has been used since the 1880s for variants of classic Tarock played with a pot, but without point bidding. The following rules are based on Danyliuk.
Preparation and dealing is as above except that players contribute an agreed amount such as 50 cents to the Haferl ("pot"). The dealer then deals four cards to each player, then three cards, then three to the stock and finally a further four cards to each player. Players pick up their hands and bidding proceeds clockwise, commencing with forehand. Each player may "pass" (Ich passe) or announce the minimum legal contract. The first positive bid is announced by "play" or "I'll play" (Ich spiele) which is an offer to play the lowest contract, known as an Aufnahmespiel or "Pick-Up". This may be outbid by a subsequent player announcing "I'll play too" (Ich spiele auch), which is an offer to play a Handspiel or "Hand" contract. The earlier bidder may bow out by saying "pass" or hold by saying "I'll play on" or "I'm playing first" (Ich spiele vorn). Bidding passes back and forth between the first two players to announce a bid until one of them passes. Only then may the third player enter the bidding by announcing a higher bid than the highest to that point
The meaning of the two contracts is as follows:
The added complexity of this modern variant is the ability to bid still higher. Essentially, once a Hand contract is bid; bidding may continue in steps of five. For example, a player may say "And five" or "Five more" (Fünf mehr), which means that 66 points is the target needed to win. His opponent may outbid this with "And ten" or "Ten more" (Zehn mehr), setting 71 points as the target. This continues until one of the players passes.
If no-one bids or chooses a contract, the cards are thrown in and redealt by the next player.
Play is clockwise as before. Forehand leads to the first trick. Players must follow suit (Farbzwang), failing that they must play a trump (Trumpfzwang). Only if the player no longer has any trumps may he discard any card. The trick is won by the highest trump if any are played or by the highest card of the led suit if no trumps are played.
Once the last trick has been played, players tot up the card points in their tricks. The declarer needs 61 points to win; otherwise the defenders have won, even if the score is 60-60. Payment is as follows:
The round ends when the pot is emptied.
In some places there is a tradition, that a player who is not forced to bid by the opposition, may raise the bid himself. But in self-bidding, the contract must be played as a Hand, i.e. the stock may not be used. If the number of points announced by the declarer is not achieved, he loses the round.
Other variants
Berliner
With the so-called Berliner, only the dealer is allowed to play a game using the stock. The other players may only declare a Hand contract. At the same time it is sometimes agreed that the dealer may only play with hearts as the trump suit in a contract where the stock is viewed.
Sharp Tarock
The famous Bavarian author, Ludwig Thoma, played something called 'Sharp Tarock' (Scharfer Tarock) which may have involved a shortened pack. In 2018, Stefan Vogl published a Tarock app with such a pack. This largely follows the intermediate rules above, but uses just 24 cards (from Ace to Nine) and players are dealt a hand of seven cards each. Players bid in clockwise rotation, beginning with forehand, and the first to bid "play" becomes the declarer unless a subsequent player nominates Hearts as the trump suit, in which case the latter has precedence. If two players want to bid in Hearts, the first wins. If only one player bids and plays in Hearts, that player has the option of playing a Frage whereby the Stock may be viewed and up to 3 cards exchanged. In a Frage, the game value is halved if the declarer wins, but is paid as a Solo if the game is lost. Players start with 10 euros each and 61 points are needed to win; if the declarer scores 60, the game is lost. A Solo or Herzsolo is valued at 10 cents. In addition there is an extra 10 cents for winning schneider and 10 cents for schwarz (winning all tricks and 120 points). These rates are paid to the declarer by each defender if the contract is won, or by the declarer to each defender if it is lost. In a Frage these values are halved if the declarer wins; if he or she loses, the full Solo value is paid out. For example, a declarer winning a Herzsolo with 91 points earns 10 (for the win) + 10 (for the Schneider) = 20 cents from each defender; had it been a Frage the declarer would have earned 5 + 5 = 10 cents from each defender. If the declarer had lost by the same margin, in both cases, the defenders would receive 20 cents each. The cards in the Stock always belong to the declarer which means the declarer cannot lose Schwarz unless there are three 9s in the Stock.
Doubling
If an opponent of the declarer is convinced that the latter will lose, they may double by announcing "Kontra!" before the first card is played, whereby the opposing party becomes the player and must now achieve the objective of the declarer (61 points with no bidding, correspondingly higher if there has been a bidding round). The Kontra announcement effectively means "double" and thus doubles the value of the game. The declarer may respond to "Kontra!" with the announcement "Re", thereby confirming his original game goal and doubling the game value again. Doubling the value of the game by calling Kontra and Re and possibly by calling higher bids such as Supp, Resupp and Hirsch are rather unusual in Bavarian Tarock. However, such bidding may be permitted.
Footnotes
Literature
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adc66a3b-d42d-424f-bd6c-7a8f95b10d89
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_European_Integration_(Moldova)"}
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Ministry in the government of Moldova
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Romanian: Ministerul Afacerilor Externe și Integrării Europene) is one of the fourteen ministries of the Government of Moldova.
Pre-history
The ministry was established on 1 February 1944, as the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs of the Moldavian SSR. It would later be renamed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the MSSR on 27 March 1946.
He following have served as the foreign ministers of the Moldavian SSR:
The Council of People's Commissars in subsequent decades, exercised leadership in the MSSR's foreign relations with foreign nations. At the same time, the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs was often concurrent with the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) of the Republic. During its existence, Moldova had representatives only in the Hungarian People's Republic, with the entire apparatus only consisting then of several people. The highest recognition the ministry received was on 23 November 1983, when Foreign Minister Comendant spoke at a meeting of the UN General Assembly. According to the 1978 Soviet Moldovan Constitution, the international rights of the MSSR were reduced in comparison with the amendments of 1944.
Modern ministry
The ministry was converted into its current form on 31 August 1989. According to Constitution of Moldova (1994), the structure of the Government is determined by organic law. The office of Foreign Minister is one of the most high-profile positions in the Government of Moldova.
Structure
The following subdivisions are part of the MFAEI:
Public Relations Department
Duties
List of ministers
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_age_of_baseball"}
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Period in the history of Major League Baseball, c. 1920 – 1960
The golden age of baseball, or baseball's Golden Era, is the period from about 1920 to 1960. The golden era is the time period immediately following the dead-ball era (before World War I) but prior to what is now called the modern era. There is no exact timeframe in any of these eras. MLB considers the post World War II era to be the beginning of the modern age, which places the golden era between the end of World War I and the end of World War II.
Much of baseball's golden age was captured in black and white film, adding to the mystique and folklore of the game. The first baseball game broadcast in color was on August 11, 1951, and by the mid-1960s all baseball games were broadcast in color, which could be viewed as the end of the golden age.
Players
The golden age was dominated by stars such as Lou Gehrig, Ted Williams, Hank Greenberg, Rogers Hornsby and especially Babe Ruth, whose called shot was one of the defining moments of the era. Another defining moment of the golden era was Gabby Hartnett's Homer in the Gloamin'. By 1919, when Ruth hit a then-league record 29 home runs, a spectacular feat at that time, the dead-ball era had officially come to an end, ushering in the Live-ball era.
While the most popular icons of the golden era are hitters, and Ruth is generally thought of as one of the premier sports icons in history, there were also several pitchers who dominated hitters on the mound during that same time, and two of the best of them were Lefty Grove and Dizzy Dean, both of whom won over 30 games in the early 1930s. Further, some of the most popular players in the Negro National League included names such as Oscar Charleston, Josh Gibson, and Mule Suttles. Later in the era, players such as Willie Mays, Mickey Mantle, Ernie Banks, and pitchers Bob Gibson and Warren Spahn, among others, established themselves as Hall of Famers and ultimately played into the late 1960s and 1970s, providing a bridge between the current era and the golden age.
Teams
From a team perspective, the golden age of baseball (using the years 1918-1964 as a guideline) was dominated by the American League's New York Yankees, who won 29 pennants and 20 World Series titles between 1918 and 1964. To expound on that figure, in the National League, it took three clubs combined to win 27 pennants (nine each) during that same timeframe, those teams being the St. Louis Cardinals, Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants, all of whom were dominant in their own right. In addition, the N.L.'s Chicago Cubs tallied 6 N.L. pennants (none until 2016) and the A.L.'s Detroit Tigers snared four A.L. pennants during that same time, the second highest total in the junior circuit after the Bronx Bombers' historic 29.
Teams travelled primarily by train during the period, occasionally stopping off at saloons and speakeasies in between games, mingling with fans and adding to the mystique of the era, as this is unlikely to happen often today. Many players also worked other "primary" jobs in the offseason, and others stepped away in the middle of their careers to serve in the military.
Entire franchises were worth hundreds of thousands of dollars, at the time, with the Cleveland Indians becoming the first team to be sold for over $1,000,000 when Bob Hope and Bill Veeck bought the club for $1.6 million.
Baseball during the Great Depression
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in the Great Depression, and baseball, along with many other businesses, organizations, and families, was severely hit. The popularity and prosperity of the sport had been jeopardized, as well as the prosperity of the U.S. economy. People were struggling to get by, and purchasing tickets just to watch a sports game seemed unreasonable. Because of this ticket sales decreased about 40%. Further, the Depression not only impacted ticket sales and the number of fans at games, but it also dramatically impacted the players. While the sport of baseball continued to be played during the 1930s, there were still many athletes that lost their jobs or received pay cuts, including Babe Ruth. The repercussions of the Great Depression were evident in the salaries of American ball players until after World War II. They dropped about 20% on average, and were not brought back up to their original standards for a number of years after the stock market crash.
Color line in the golden age
By the time America reached the beginning of the 20th century, nearly all black Americans had been shut out from playing any sort of baseball with white Americans. However, this didn't stop them from creating a league where they get to play themselves. Eventually, black Americans created their own league where persons of color could participate. In the early 1900s the Negro National League grew in popularity, despite the fact that white booking agents often had control over when and where the teams would be able to play or practice. The NNL came to an end due to the financial burdens of the Great Depression, but rearose soon after as the Negro American League.
In 1947, Jackie Robinson was the first African American to be integrated into the previously all white world of baseball. Formerly having played for the Kansas City Monarchs of the NAL, a man named Branch Rickey, president of the Brooklyn Dodgers, sought Robinson as a perfect candidate to finally break the baseball color line. Robinson was still a target of many racist comments and slurs during his time in the majors. Despite this, Jackie Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.
Women in baseball
The very first women's baseball game where girls were paid and prospectors paid admission took place in Illinois in 1875. However, many were unimpressed with the women's abilities while playing baseball. During this time, many Americans didn't see women as being athletes or as major participants in sports. In fact, even in the beginning of the 1900s, people opposed women in all sports because they were afraid that sports would ultimately destroy women's femininity. American perspectives on women at this time were that they were meant to be viewed as perfect and feminine, and many thought that for a woman to participate in such physical activities and sports would make them become more masculine.
Women's baseball began to be taken more seriously at the start of World War II. Philip K. Wrigley, the owner of the Chicago Cubs, decided to invest in an all women's baseball league that went by the AAGPBL (All-American Girls Professional Baseball League) in 1943. Wrigley was worried about losing a good number of male ball players due to the war, he believed that creating a women's league would keep the flow of money coming in from the ball parks. Despite the changing views of Americans towards what women should and should not be able to do in sports, they were still held to a higher caliber of femininity and perfection at this time. Women that played the sport were required to take classes on how to be feminine after practices and games, and were often looked down upon for demonstrating any masculine traits. Nonetheless, this league still opened up opportunities for future women in sports.
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e1ea5bbc-f2aa-4fb5-a9e3-a0a240b15638
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miai"}
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Japanese relationship matchmaking
Miai (見合い, "matchmaking", literally "look meet"), or omiai (お見合い) as it is properly known in Japan with the honorific prefix o-, is a Japanese traditional custom which relates closely to Western matchmaking, in which a woman and a man are introduced to each other to consider the possibility of marriage. The term omiai is sometimes mistranslated as an "arranged marriage" but it can be described as a meeting opportunity with more serious considerations for the future as a process of courtship. According to the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, in 2005 it was estimated that around 6.2% of marriages in Japan are arranged via omiai.
History
The practice of omiai emerged in 16th century Japan among the samurai classes, with the intention to form and protect strong military alliances among warlords to ensure mutual support. Later, during the Tokugawa period (1603–1868), the practice of omiai spread to other urban classes trying to emulate samurai customs. It became the practice for those seeking a union between families, and parents on both sides made all the decisions regarding marriage.
Omiai was a solemn practice and involved considerations that are not given as much weight by most modern Japanese people, such as family bloodlines and class. Nowadays, this type of omiai is usually seen portrayed more in films and television dramas.
After the Pacific War, the trend was to abandon the restrictive arranged-meetings system. In the 1930s and 40s, omiai practices accounted for 69% of marriages in Japan; by 2010 the figure had dropped to 5.2%. Modern forms of omiai are still practiced in Japan today by various marriage agencies; however, practices such as konkatsu or 'spouse hunting' have also emerged as alternatives to omiai for many single people who struggle to find a marriage partner, but might not want to go through a matchmaker. There have also been accounts of how parents pressure their unmarried children into arranged meetings that eventually lead to marriages, particularly with children who would assume family responsibilities such as those inheriting a family business.
In 2014, Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe set aside ¥3 billion to help with omiai and konkatsu matchmaking efforts within Japan, as part of the Japanese governments efforts to increase the declining birth rate in Japan.
Historically, omiai signified that the parties were brought together expressly for the purpose of marriage on the initiative of the parents, a friend of the family, or a go-between. It also meant that the initial criteria of selection were objective ones. The potential spouse and their family met with the go-between (nakōdo) and examined all eligible persons. The nakōdo often had photographs of candidates and a rirekisho, a small personal history. The rirekisho frequently included the name, age, health, education, occupation and marital status of all members of the candidate's family.
The families then sat down with the nakōdo and screened the portfolios to eliminate any obviously inappropriate candidates. The photographs and rirekisho were then brought to the home of the potential spouse's family for the son or daughter to scrutinize. The participant and their family examined the photos and short personal histories based on an investigation of social consideration. The education level and occupations of the potential candidate's family were historically the first aspects taken into consideration at that meeting. The potential mate and their mother then created a list of primary choices and asked the nakōdo to investigate the first choice.
In more selective omiai, the candidates and their families were judged on a larger set of criteria aimed at determining the suitability and the balance of the marriage. These criteria are formally known in Japan as iegara (家柄). They included level of education, income, occupation, physical attractiveness, religion, social standing, and hobbies. The participant's bloodline (血統, kettō) also played a large role. Many were fearful of the possibility that a potential candidate's blood was contaminated with diseases such as epilepsy, neurosis, or mental illness. The fear was so prevalent that the Eugenic Protection Law of 1948 was passed to legalize sterilization and abortion for people with a history of mental defects and other hereditary diseases. Social status also played a large role in selecting a candidate. Ideally, paired candidates and their families would be of equal social status, so some candidates had a hard time finding a mate if their family was not of a certain social status. Family lineage also affected the quality of candidates historically; for example, a candidate with samurai blood was more likely to be picked than one with ancestry from a different class, especially during the Tokugawa era.
Historically, omiai marriage was criticized for promoting patriarchal relationships with traditional power structures and distinct divisions of labor between males and females.
Investigation
The nakōdo provided, and still provides, a substantial amount of information regarding each candidate. The family researched the family lineage (iegara) of each candidate provided by the nakōdo once the preliminary list had been constructed. Vast differences in iegara between the two families would be cause of embarrassment when the two sides met. One method of investigation in urban Japan was through a kooshinjo, or detective agency. In rural areas, a common investigative method was to personally ask about the family of interest by questioning shopkeepers and neighbors through kuchikiki ("inquiry of mouth"). More recently, the nakōdo would gather information about the family in question by asking around and comparing responses through kikiawaseru or toriawaseru ("inquire variously and compare"). If all criteria were acceptable, the matchmaker arranged an interview for a omiai.
Introduction
Before the omiai occurred, the parties scrutinized each other's pictures to prevent future rejection, something which still occurs through online omiai-based services in Japan today. Although candidates rely on their photographs and resumes (rirekisho) in the modern omiai process, an older custom known as kagemi (hidden look) was once employed. Kagemi occurred when a potential male candidate attempted to catch a glimpse of the female in secret. The objective of the kagemi was to prevent embarrassing denials based on appearances. The omiai was, and still is, a casual meeting between the potential couple, though historically the nakōdo and the parents of both parties would be present also. Historically the nakōdo determined the place and format of the meeting.
Historically, the omiai was an opportunity for the parents to survey the bride/groom as well as the couple themselves. The meeting began with an informal introduction between the two families by the nakōdo. The introduction was often followed by small talk between the parents. Occasionally, the conversation shifted to one of the potential candidates. Toward the end of the meeting, the potential couple were often advised to go off to spend some time alone, in order to get better acquainted.
Kotowari (excuse, apology, refusal)
If the initial omiai introduction was successful, the potential couple went through a series of dates until a decision was reached. The decision was usually expressed at the couple's third meeting. If the potential couple chose to marry, they went through a formal marriage process known as miai kekkon (見合い結婚), in which a betrothal ceremony (結納, yuinō) was arranged by the groom's family. Contrastingly, there were also standard provisions to turn down an offer or proposal with relatively little loss of face for the party being refused.
Historical discrimination
Historically, there was some amount of racial, class, and genetic discrimination in the omiai process.
Many Japan-born Koreans were discriminated against for being "half-bloods" — i.e. not of full Japanese ancestry. Also, the year of the Horse in the fifth cycle of the Japanese lunar calendar, hinoeuma — every 60th year — were thought to be bad luck. Women born during those years would often claim to have been born in the previous or following year. The belief was so widespread that in 1966, according to the Japan Statistical Yearbook, the birthrate in Japan took a 26% dip.
The most widespread class discrimination is against members of the burakumin. This former outcast group was composed of descendants of workers traditionally associated with trades involving blood, death, or other undesirables; some examples being leather-workers, shoe-menders, and butchers, since shoes were too dirty to be taken into the house, and meat was in the past forbidden by the Buddhist faith. During the Tokugawa shogunate, demotion to burakumin status was sometimes a way of punishing criminals. Today, burakumin members may be identified by the region of the city where they live or by their street address, though it is getting increasingly rare and Japanese people's views on shoes and beef among other things have changed significantly. Historically, a nakōdo would require a candidate to bring a family history to prove that they are not a member of the burakumin.
Members of the Ainu people, an indigenous people from the Hokkaidō region, were commonly avoided as well. Descendants of people who were exposed to the radiation from the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were also avoided due to perceptions regarding possible child deformities and susceptibilities to rare diseases.
Modern-day omiai practices
Participants
Today, most omiai processes only involve the potential partners to be married; rarely these days are the families of these candidates involved.
Nakōdo
A matchmaker (仲人, nakōdo) still serves in the role of go-between for potential marriage partners in the omiai process. Though a nakōdo is not necessary for all omiai, especially with modern omiai parties. The nakōdo can be a family member, friend, or as is most common now, a marriage agency (結婚相談所, kekkonsōdansho).
The general purpose of the nakōdo, especially the traditional way of omiai, is to provide introductions for people entering a new arrangement and to assist candidates. The nakōdo is expected to play a variety of roles throughout the omiai process. The first is the bridging role, hashikake (橋架け), in which the nakōdo introduces potential candidates, and potentially their families to each other depending on requirements. The second role, which is increasingly less common in modern Japan, is as a liaison for the families to avoid direct confrontation and differences in opinions between them by serving as an intermediary for working out the details of the marriage. The nakōdo is even consulted by the married couple after their wedding if they encounter problems in their married life.
Even though omiai marriages are less common than they once were, they do still hold a place in popular media. One example is Wedding Bells, a panel type game show which ran from 1993 to 1997 in Japan on TBS, that substituted for the role of the nakōdo in which contestants were introduced and screened for marriage possibility.
Selection process
Historically, the initiative for the omiai introductions often came from the parents who felt that their son or daughter was of a marriageable age (tekireiki), usually in the range of 22 to 30, but had shown little or no interest in seeking a partner on their own. Most commonly now, the decision to contact a marriage agency comes directly from the person who seeks a partner, and it is usually due to their lack of opportunity to meet a suitable spouse. Unlike in Western cultures, Japanese people very rarely talk to or trust strangers, thus the nakōdo or marriage agency forms the bridge as a trusted third party. At other times, the individual may ask friends or acquaintances to introduce potential spouses in a similar way.
Sometimes, parents subtly interject the phrase onegai shimasu ("please") into casual conversation, to imply that both parents have consented for their daughter to meet eligible men. The daughter may be unaware that her parents have suggested her availability through the use of "onegai shimasu". In exceptional circumstances, though growing increasingly rare now, some parents send a candidacy picture to a future husband or go-between without their daughter's knowledge or consent. In general now, though, marriage agencies performing omiai duties only discuss introductions and registration with their clients directly, thus removing involvement of parents entirely in many cases.
In Japan, many women are stereotyped as looking for three attributes: height (specifically someone tall), high salary, and high education. This is commonly known as the "Three H's."
Attitudes
Modern attitudes toward omiai have changed significantly. According to an estimate in 1998, between ten and thirty percent of all marriages that took place in Japan at that time were omiai marriages. The National Institute of Population and Social Security Research in 2005 estimated that 6.2% of marriages in Japan were arranged, with younger generations estimated in 1995 to be more likely to pursue marriages preceded by romantic courtship instead. Though the Japanese term for romantic love (ren'ai) implies that there are no constraints against selecting individuals whom one can marry, it is not always possible to classify a particular marriage as "love" or "arranged", as parental influence on potential spouses is present in both omiai and "love" marriages in Japan.
In 1995, women were reported as more inclined to seek a romantic relationship than men, with the inculturation of Western ideals of true love, followed by marital and domestic bliss, at times seen as the cause for the discrepancy. Women in Japan were historically raised with the expectation that they may only find satisfaction within the home as wives and mothers, with later generations more likely to place greater emphasis on the less traditional ideals of romantic love. Despite this, the number of Japanese women pursuing careers and other avenues of fulfillment has increased, resulting in a falling rate of marriages within Japan.
There are several methods for meeting potential spouses that differ from the structure of the omiai. For example, konpa or kompa (companion) is a method young people have adopted into modern society. Konpa occurs when groups of four or five men go out together with the same number of women to see how they all get along. This method has become more popular among university students and younger company workers since it is highly informal and does not involve parents.
Gender and omiai
Although current rates of omiai marriages are fairly low, the persistence of omiai in modern Japanese society comes as a result of challenges in meeting new people. In recent decades, some companies have started offering various services to their employees as ways of helping them find potential partners. These services include marriage counseling and personal introductions, where the employees can join a club that provides guidance and services to match them up with suitable partners.
The idea of the cutoff age is taken quite seriously, with the tendency for women who remain unmarried past tekireiki to be treated as inferior. They are often compared to Japanese Christmas cake: fresh up until the 25th of December but becoming less appetizing with every day past this date. A newer expression replaces Christmas cake with toshikoshisoba, a dish of noodles to see out the year on the 31st, thus creating motivation for Japanese women after the age of 25 to seek help in the form of omiai introductions from a marriage agency.
Men possess a greater degree of choice and freedom. Previously, a man who was not married by his 30s was considered untrustworthy by colleagues and employers, who believed that such men have not been conditioned to learn the fundamental principles of co-operation and responsibility. For males, marriage also makes an implicit statement about staying in the family business. While previously men who engaged in omiai often occupied dominant roles within the marriage, many of the men now registered with marriage agencies for help in finding a wife through omiai are seeking a balanced, loving relationship with mutual love between partners.
In other countries
A similar practice to omiai is also common in Chinese-speaking countries, known as xiangqin (Chinese: 相親). In China, 82% of first-tier-city dwellers had experienced xiangqin, primarily due to parental pressure and a lack of opportunity to meet people of the opposite sex.
In literature
Omiai is one of the main topics of Jun'ichirō Tanizaki's The Makioka Sisters, which was published in the 1940s.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Board_of_Radiology"}
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Established in 1934, the American Board of Radiology (ABR) is an independent, not-for-profit professional association with headquarters in Tucson, Arizona. It oversees the certification and ongoing professional development of physician specialists in diagnostic radiology, interventional radiology, and radiation oncology, as well as medical physicists in diagnostic, nuclear, and therapy medical physics.
The ABR certifies its diplomates through a comprehensive process involving educational requirements, professional peer evaluation, and examination.
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b0c7d137-5281-42cd-916e-7563fbfe0748
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Irish professional darts player
Darts player
Patrick Alan Clifford (born 31 August 1946) is an Irish professional darts player who played in British Darts Organisation (BDO) events of the 1970s.
Career
Clifford made his debut of the WDF World Cup in 1977 in team are Seamus O'Brien, Jim McQuillan and Charles Byrne to Republic of Ireland. In 1977 Clifford who losing to Eric Bristow from England.
Clifford made one BDO World Darts Championship appearance in 1978 losing 6–0 to Rab Smith from Scotland. In 1977 he progressed to the second round of the Winmau World Masters he losing 3–0 to Louis van Iseghem from Belgium.
Clifford left the BDO in 1978.
World Championship results
BDO
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ce37c31f-c884-4a46-9b80-e392ffc01c6e
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durg_district"}
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District of Chhattisgarh in India
Durg district is a district situated in Chhattisgarh, India. The district headquarters is Durg. The district covers an area of 2,238 km². As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Chhattisgarh (out of 18), after Raipur.
The district is home to two important religious sites. The principal Hindu temple, the Ganga Maiyaat Jhalmala, Jain shrine of Uwasaggaharam Parshwa Teerth at Nagpura (near Durg), attract pilgrims from all over India. The Langurveer Mandir is one and only Hindu Temple Devoted to God Langoorveer in India situated in Durg.
The town of Bhilai is home to the Bhilai Steel Plant.
The present collector of Durg is Pushpendra Kumar Meena.
Geography
Durg is surrounded by the following districts:
1. Bemetara to the north
2. Balod to the south.
3. Raipur to the east.
4. Dhamtari to the south east
5. Rajnandgaon to the west.
Municipal corporation
Municipal council
Nagar panchayat
Cities in Durg
Towns in Durg
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, Durg district has a population of 3,343,872, roughly equal to the nation of Uruguay or the US state of Connecticut. This gives it a ranking of 100th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 319 inhabitants per square kilometre (830/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 18.95%. Durg has a sex ratio of 988 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.69%. After bifurcation, the district had a population of 1,726,948. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 14.26% and 5.88% of the population respectively.
Languages
Languages of Durg district (2011)
Chhattisgarhi (58.89%)
Hindi (25.02%)
Telugu (2.82%)
Odia (2.68%)
Marathi (2.24%)
Bhojpuri (2.08%)
Bengali (1.29%)
Punjabi (1.25%)
Others (3.73%)
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 58.89% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi, 25.02% Hindi, 2.82% Telugu, 2.68% Odia, 2.24% Marathi, 2.08% Bhojpuri, 1.29% Bengali and 1.25% Punjabi as their first language.
Vernaculars spoken include Chhattisgarhi and written in the Devanagari script.
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1552620d-4211-4e57-8cb3-9298d3dd9fcd
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmia_pseudoscythrella"}
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Species of moth
Ethmia pseudoscythrella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Rebel in 1902. It is found in Asia Minor.
The wingspan is about 14 mm (0.55 in). The forewings are olive brown with some white scales and marks. The hindwings are blackish-grey
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b4e63749-9784-49c3-8649-ce40383e0d0b
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plugu%C8%99orul"}
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Plugușorul (Plowing is symbolic, Romanian: Plugușorul) is a Romanian New Year's tradition and carol.
Plugușor literally means "little plough" in Romanian, "-ul" being enclitic definite article.
See also
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4cc96a24-75e9-4c8f-a469-32859dcd1167
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_G._Wynne"}
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American businessman (1914-1979)
Lt. Comm Angus Gilchrist Wynne Jr. (January 9, 1914 – March 12, 1979) was an American businessman. He was the founder of Wynnewood Shopping Center and community development in Oak Cliff, a residential and commercial district south of downtown Dallas. He also developed the Six Flags Over Texas, Six Flags Over Georgia, and Six Flags St. Louis theme parks in Texas, Georgia, and Missouri. He was CEO of Great Southwest Corp and Great Southwest Industrial District in Arlington, Texas. Angus Wynne Jr. later started Wynne Enterprises, conceptualizing one of the first water amusement parks in Galveston, Texas, but died before his dream could be developed.
Early life
Wynne was born on January 9, 1914. He was born to Angus G. Wynne Sr. of Texas and Nemo Shelmire Wynne, born in The Plains, Upper East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana.
His father and grandfather practiced law in Wills Point until his family moved from Kaufman, Texas to Dallas around 1928. Angus G. Wynne Sr. was the first President of the State Bar of Texas.
His brother Bedford S. Wynne, was one of the initial owners and founders of the Dallas Cowboys professional football franchise, along with Clint Murchison Jr.
His son Angus G Wynne III is the owner of Wynne Entertainment in Dallas and has been a producer of music events since 1968.
His son Shannon Shelmire Wynne is an American restaurateur living in Dallas, TX. He is best known for the Flying Saucer Draught Emporium, 8.0 Bar, Flying Fish, Meddlesome Moth and others.
Wynne attended Highland Park High School and was involved in Declamation. He graduated from Highland in 1931. He continued his involvement in Declamation into University, where he competed at the University of Texas; making it into the final round.
Wynne graduated from the Lawrenceville School in 1932.
In his free time, Angus participated in the Austin Little Theatre, and performed in the 1934 production of Design for Living.
He also Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Va. from 1934–1935, before receiving a B.A. from University of Texas at Austin in 1938.
During their time at UT, Wynne and his brother Bedford S. Wynne became brothers of the Texas Alpha chapter of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, as was their father Angus Wynne Sr., one of the chapter's founders in 1904.
Career
Early career, and World War II: 1938-1945
He worked on Texas oil fields from 1938 to 1940, before enlisting in the United States Navy Reserve.
On August 18, 1940, Wynne began attending the United States Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School. October 1, 1941, he reported onboard the USS Nicholson. On July 17, 1944 he was reported onboard the USS Grayson. On December 1, 1945, Wynne separated Eighth Naval District, New Orleans rank Lieutenant Commander, (D), USNR with numerous medals, ribbons.
In the Navy, he was awarded six service stars for service in the European and Asiatic theaters during WWII.
Real-estate development: 1946-1958
Wynne who served as the president of American Home Realty, brokered a deal to buy the Blessing and Giddens Mill and Lumber Company, Dallas' oldest and largest mill.
American Home Realty began building a $25 million home development named Wynnewood. Featuring 2,200 houses and 1,000 apartments, the project was the largest integrated home building project at the time. Wynnewood Development Corporation was created, and Angus was made the president. Wynne also served on the board of the Wynnewood Bank.
Wynne, was made the chairman of the Home Builders' Association of Dallas, and attended events representing the association.
In January 1956, it was announced New York based firm Webb & Knapp, Inc. a group of Dallas investors, Angus Wynne, Jr. and his uncle Toddie Lee Wynne's new company Great Southwest Corporation, were to develop a $500 Million industrial park on U.S. Route 80. The partnership bought Paul Waggoner's ranch which was located between Dallas and Fort Worth. The first payment of $500,000 was presented to Waggoner with Angus Wynne's signature on the cashier's check. The industrial park was expected to employee 100,000 people. In July, it was announced Nelson, Laurance, David, Winthrop, and John D. Rockefeller III would join the Wynnes, and Webb & Knapp in developing the industrial park.
Milton L. Stern from Toronto and Dallas, along with his company Texas Industrial Ventures, attempted to sue all involved with the proposed industrial park. Stern claimed the men stole his idea, and after 12 days of arguments Judge Paul Peurifoy rejected the $300 Million lawsuit, though held that Texas Industrial Ventures was entitled to repurchase with 60-days from Webb & Knapp six tracks of land involved for $18,000.
Construction on the first warehouse to make up the Great Southwest Industrial District commenced in 1956. In November 1956, Wynne was pushing for a Private railway to be constructed for the new development. He said, "We felt that multiple rail service is so desirable for our tenants that, should it become necessary, we should provide it through a privately operated truck line railroad." Construction continued through in 1957, and in June 1958 the Interstate Commerce Commission gave Wynne and the Great Southwest Corp permission to build its railroad. Great Southwest Corporation established Great Southwest Railroad, Inc., for its construction. The new line was built between the Industrial District connecting to the Texas and Pacific Railway and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad.
Despite the addition of the new railroad, the Industrial Park struggled to succeed in selling retail and warehouse space to prospective businesses. In response Wynne conceived the idea of a nearby sports complex to draw in customers. In April 1958, Great Southwest Corporation, of which Wynne was the president, Rockefeller Center, Inc., and Webb & Knapp presented to the public a large expansion that would feature a sports complex with a rifle range, driving range, bowling alley, and a theme park dubbed "Southwestland."
Theme parks, and the World's Fair: 1958-1970
During the planning stages of the expansion, Arlington mayor Tom Vandergriff advised that Wynne and his family should visit the recently opened Disneyland in Anaheim, California. This visit inspired Wynne to change his plans, realizing he should build a park that celebrated Texas history. Under the leadership of Wynne, the Great Southwest Corporation hired former Disneyland vice-president C. V. Wood's firm Marco Engineering to help design the park.
In January 1960, Great Southwest announced its intention to issue $11,500,000 in stocks and debentures to finance the construction. By April, the new complex was under a news and advertising blackout after it was advised the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules stated, "a publicity silence must be observed on ventures offering stock to the public." At the same time it was revealed very little progress had been made at the site aside from construction of the 32-lane bowling alley which was announced to be the first planned structure to be built.
Construction on the park, and the rest of the Great Southwest Sports Complex, began in August 1960. Wynne first intended to name the park "Texas Under Six Flags" until his wife notified him that "Texas ain't under nothing." The 'six flags' originally represented the six countries that have governed Texas: France, Spain, Mexico, The Republic of Texas, The Confederate States of America, and the United States of America. In February 1961, Wynne traveled to Mexico City to invite Mexican participation in the park. Wynne brought in Randall Duell, who had worked at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for 23-years designing and building film sets, Charlie Thompson another Disneyland alumnus, Charlie Meeker the former director of State Fair of Texas, and Joe Lambert who was experienced in Landscape lighting. All of the men were hired to ensure the park met Wynne's expectations.
When Six Flags Over Texas opened on August 5, 1961 it was a massive success bringing in 8,374 visitors opening day.
In 1962 Great Southwest posted its first profit since its inception in 1956, proving Wynne's gamble paid off. With the success of the park, Wynne was asked to contribute to the 1964 New York World's Fair, and he proposed the construction of a 2,400 seat theater. Developed in partnership with Compass Productions Inc, who was best known for producing television and Broadway dramas. The project was supervised by Wynne's cousin Gordon R. Wynne Jr., the vice-president of Compass Productions. The construction of the Music Hall was expected to cost $4 million and would be nearly three acres in size. Wynne-Compass Fair, Inc. was officially formed to create the pavilion for the fair.
In February 1964 it was reported Wynne put $6 million into building the Music Hall, and a Texas pavilion for the fair. Texas Governor John Connally, did not want to endanger his "domestic program" by sponsoring the pavilion for the fair. In an interview with journalist Joseph Lelyveld, Wynne said as the primary financer, he would be the one to make money at the fair, adding, "I've never done anything just for fun."
To create the same ambiance at the Texas Pavilion as there was Six Flags Over Texas, Wynne imported 300 employees, "hosts and hostesses," as he referred to them. They were brought from the park in Texas to New York for the fair. The music hall theater, which sat 2,600 staged three 90-minute musical shows called To Broadway With Love. The pavilion also featured an all-day restaurant and nightclub called the Frontier Palace.
To Broadway With Love, was well received by critics who called it, "lavish," and "delightful." Despite the glowing reviews, it was announced that the show would close at the end of July 1964. Wynne-Compass Fair, Inc. filed for bankruptcy as the Texas Pavilion was not generating enough revenue to pay creditors.
On July 31, 1964 Wynne's 20-year old son, Angus III, was arrested for trespassing and assault after he tried to re-enter the pavilion after the fair closed at 2 in the morning. Wynne III, began fighting with the arresting officers, to which the pavilion's general manager William C. Baker, and Austin Jenkins, assistant director, came to Angus III's defense and were both charged with assault and resisting arrest.
In 1965, Wynne revealed the Great Southwest Corporation created a new wholly owned subsidiary the Great Southwest Atlanta Corporation. The new company had bought 3,000 acres of land for more than $3 million in the Atlanta area for a new theme park location, which would go on to be Six Flags Over Georgia.
Wynne subsequently expanded Six Flags in 1967 with a second original park, Six Flags Over Georgia, which is located just outside Atlanta, Georgia, and finally Six Flags over Mid America (now Six Flags St. Louis), in Eureka Missouri, just outside St. Louis in 1971.
With the significant cost of developing a park from the ground up becoming prohibitive, the company began acquiring parks with significant potential, but to date, had been less successful than those of Six Flags. AstroWorld, built by Judge Roy Hofheinz in Houston, Texas, was the first park to be acquired in 1975. Two years later, the company went on to purchase a New Jersey park developed by the Hardwicke Companies and designed by Warner LeRoy (son of Wizard of Oz director, Mervyn LeRoy), called Great Adventure. The last park that Wynne would see acquired in his lifetime under the Six Flags name was California's Magic Mountain (outside Los Angeles) in 1979. Wynne died that same year and although he was no longer associated with the company at the time of his death, Six Flags would eventually acquire numerous other properties and become the world's largest regional theme park chain.
Great Southwest Departure
In July 1970, Angus G. Wynne, Jr. was promoted to president and chief executive officer, from the role of a chairman. Later that month Great Southwest Corp.'s parent company Penn Central Transportation Company applied to reorganize the company under bankruptcy laws. This resulted in Great Southwest having money difficulties because certain credit facilities have been terminated or suspended, and because other cash-producing operations were forced to cease temporarily.
In October 1970 Penn Central selected Victor Palmieri as Wynne's successor as president and chief executive officer. At the same time, Angus G. Wynne, Sr. and five other directors resigned from the Board of directors. A new board was established with Wynne, Jr., Palmieri, among others.
Wynne, Jr. along with three other executives were deposed from their positions with Great Southwest Corp. In November 1970 the company filed a suit in the Orange County, California Superior Court alleging the employees were overcompensated. It was claimed Wynne had been over paid by $3 million as part of a "cash incentive program." According to the suit, the contract establishing the incentive program wasn't valid. Wynne, Jr. was also accused of being too aggressive and expansionistic at a time when the company was suffering from liquidity problems. Wynne, Jr. and the other officers countersued the company alleging they were rightfully owed the money they were given.
In November 1972, Great Southwest and Wynne, Jr. settled for $208,000.
Failing health, and death
In 1973, at the age of 59, Wynne suffered from a major stroke, and never fully recovered.
Angus died on March 19, 1979 of a heart attack. He was laid to rest at Grove Hill Memorial Park in Dallas, Texas.
Personal life
While attending the University of Texas, Wynne dated Caroline Brownlee.
Angus married Joanne Estelle Wynne on February 26, 1941. Their marriage produced four children including, son Angus III (born December 25, 1943), son David (born March 15, 1946), daughter Mary (born August 31, 1948), and son Shannon (born December 2, 1951).
In November 1949, Angus and Joanne attended the Neiman Marcus annual Jamboree at the Dallas Athletic Club.
In April 1964, Wynne was the guest of honor at the 55th annual dinner dance of the Texas Club of New York.
Wynne and Joanne divorced on June 9, 1978.
Wynne married his second wife Margaret, and gained two step-daughters Bonnie and Michelle O'Rourke.
Civic involvement
In 1954, Wynne was elected to a 22-member board of directors chosen to help address the, migrant worker crisis. The board was made up of 12 people from Texas, and 10 from Indianapolis. The crisis was 2,500,000 workers were displaced by mechanization of agriculture, and flocked to northern cities. The Board of Fundamental Education was created to address the economic and social crisis on a national scale.
In 1955, Wynne joined a statewide campaign to raise funds to support the Texas Boy Scouts of America.
Wynne, and Winthrop Rockefeller, were among the guests invited to speak at a civic development conference being held June 1957 in Little Rock, Arkansas. Wynne spoke on a panel about the future of downtown business districts. In March 1958, Wynne spoke at the fourth Industrial Development Workshop sponsored by the University of Arizona, where he highlighted differences between zoning for the county and city governments as "the biggest problem" in the Dallas-Fort Worth development.
Angus Wynne's civic involvement included developmental work for the University of Texas, Baylor University Medical Center and Children's Medical Center of Dallas. He also worked with the Cotton Bowl Council, the State Fair of Texas and the National Conference of Christians and Jews.
Honors
In 2001, State Highway 360 through Arlington was officially designated the Angus G. Wynne Jr. Freeway.
In 2013, the Fort Worth City Counsel proposed renaming the section of State Highway 360 through Fort Worth after Wynne as well.
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Chlumčany may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
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Brazilian high jumper
Irajá Cecy (born 18 May 1955) is a Brazilian athlete. He competed in the men's high jump at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
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Xunyang River (Chinese: 浔阳江; pinyin: Xúnyáng Jiāng) is a section of Yangtze River north of Jiujiang, Jiangxi province, China.
Jiujiang had ancient names like Chaisang (Chinese: 柴桑; pinyin: Cháisāng) and Xunyang (Chinese: 浔阳; pinyin: Xúnyáng), thus the section of Yangtze River passing Jiujiang was thus named. Today, there is a district called Xunyang District in Jiujiang.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen._Joseph_O._Clark_House"}
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Historic house in Pennsylvania, United States
United States historic place
Sen. Joseph O. Clark House is a historic home located at Glen Campbell, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1900 and 1924, and is in the Colonial Revival-style.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaipa"}
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Swedish progressive metal group
Kaipa is a Swedish progressive rock band.
History
The band was formed as Ura Kaipa by Hans Lundin (keyboards) and Tomas Eriksson (bass). Roine Stolt joined Kaipa as guitarist when he was 17. In 1974, shortly after they had cut the "Ura" from the name of the band, they released their self-titled debut album. Stolt, who later founded The Flower Kings, left the group in 1979, after the album Solo.
In 2014, original members Roine Stolt, Ingemar Bergman, and Tomas Eriksson re-grouped under the name Kaipa DaCapo to play the old music from the first three albums as well as brand new music. New members of the band are Mikael Stolt, brother of Roine, on vocals and guitar, and renowned Swedish musician Max Lorentz on keyboards. A new album was released in 2016, followed by a live album recorded in 2017.
Members
Current
Former
Discography
Studio albums
Compilations
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The Centre for Social Cohesion (CSC) was a British think tank with its headquarters in London. Founded in 2007 as part of another London think tank, Civitas, it became independent in 2008 and was eventually subsumed into a separate London think tank, the Henry Jackson Society, in April 2011.
The director of the CSC was writer and commentator Douglas Murray, the author of Neoconservatism: Why We Need It. According to Al Jazeera, the CSC produced reports that covered issue areas including the rise of Islamist extremism and neo-fascism in the United Kingdom, as represented by the British National Party (BNP).
Foundation and constitution
CSC was established with funding of circa £275,000 from Civitas. The organisation was constituted as a company limited by guarantee. It was incorporated and registered with Companies House in June 2008. Companies House records indicate that, as of 5 January 2009, the company's directors were Baroness Cox, former Professor of the private University of Buckingham, Dr John Marks, and author Dr Ruth Dudley Edwards. Cox and Marks are also directors of the Educational Research Trust.
CSC shared its Clutha House premises in London with The Pilgrim Trust, Civitas, and Policy Exchange. Unlike similar think tanks, including its stablefellows Civitas and Policy Exchange, the Centre for Social Cohesion is not registered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales. According to Companies House, the Centre for Social Cohesion was dissolved on 15 January 2013.
Activities and director
The CSC's web site indicated that its aims were to foster new attitudes to help bring Britain's ethnic and religious communities closer together, while strengthening British traditions of openness, tolerance, and democracy. It researched ethnic and religious communities and organisations in the UK and published analyses.
The Centre's Director was Douglas Murray, author of Neoconservatism: Why We Need It, and the CSC's web site indicated that its researchers were trained in journalism, philosophy, and Islamic affairs, and include speakers of Arabic, Bengali, Urdu, and other Asian and European languages. The CSC web site indicated that it studied challenges to liberal society, secular democracy, and religious pluralism. The CSC took the position that Islamism represents a threat to social cohesion, and analysed its impact in this context. The Centre published regular reports, produces media releases, held seminars, and explored how best to promote tolerance, civic values, and greater cohesion in Britain.
Media reception
The CSC said that it had no political affiliations and aimed to be impartial and non-partisan in carrying out its work. A frequently referenced media source, the CSC was labelled by parts of the media such as the BBC and The Guardian as "right leaning", its research has been described as "controversial" and it attracted criticism from the National Assembly Against Racism, the National Union of Students and the Scottish-Islamic Foundation, whose chief executive Osama Saeed described the CSC, along with the Policy Exchange, as a "right-wing 'stinktank'".[failed verification]
By contrast, the CSC's findings were more favourably received by other media outlets. Melanie Phillips of The Spectator described the Centre as "invaluable", and the Telegraph's Damian Thompson described Douglas Murray as the Centre's "brilliant young director" in his Daily Telegraph blog.
Murray robustly defended his February 2010 open invitation to post Irish jokes on his blog. A number of people questioned whether Murray would invite jokes about Pakistanis or Israelis.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Carter_(1690%E2%80%931763)"}
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Thomas Carter PC (c. 1690 – 3 September 1763) was an Irish politician and MP who served as the Master of the Rolls, sat on the Privy Councillor and served as Secretary of State in Ireland. British nobleman and writer Horace Walpole described him as "an able and intriguing man".
Education
Carter entered Trinity College, Dublin on 9 January 1701, and graduated B.A. in 1710.
Political career
Carter was Member of Parliament MP for Trim in County Meath, from 1719 to 1727. In 1727 he was returned as a member for Hillsborough, Dungarvan, and Lismore, but chose to sit for Hillsborough, and held the seat until 1761.
The Carters were a political family. Thomas Carter, the first to live at Castlemartin which he acquired in 1729, was made Master of the Rolls in Ireland in 1731, which office he had continued to hold until 1754. He was a skilful and experienced parliamentarian and political organiser. A strong, if not often violent Whig, noted for his rudeness and his loathing of English ministerial interference in Irish affairs and his satirical lampooning of political opponents earned him the nickname "Vicious Carter".
During the late 1740s, Carter became one of the leaders of the country of Ireland as a member of the Patriot party along with Henry Boyle, speaker of the Irish House of Commons and Anthony Malone, the Prime Sergeant.
He was made Master of the Rolls in 1731 but as one of the parliamentary managers employed by the Lord Lieutenant to ensure that the King's business was passed in the House of Commons, his actions were often maverick. Horace Walpole said of him that he had "Constantly fomented every discontent against the Lord Lieutenants in order to be bought off". Such behaviour was common in 18th-century politics where interest was so often for sale. Quite content to "feather his own nest", Carter did not always help his colleagues.
The Money Bill dispute
Both the zenith and the nadir of Carter's career came during the Money Bill dispute of the 1750s. The crisis came in 1753–56 when the Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland, Henry Boyle, refused to hand over an Irish tax surplus to London.
As a result, Primate Stone Archbishop of Armagh, tried to reduce the influence of the leading parliamentary undertakers; Speaker Boyle, Anthony Malone and Thomas Carter. The archbishop tried to replace them with his own supporters, the Ponsonbys led by the Earl of Bessborough. Boyle, Malone and Carter whipped up popular support, turning the issue into a trial of strength between the Lord Lieutenant and the country or "Patriot" party. Boyle, helped by Carter's wickedly provocative tongue, began a whispering campaign against Primate Stone. There was a personal antagonism between Carter and Primate Stone as the latter had been instrumental in foiling Carter's attempts to obtain the reversion of his office of Master of the Rolls for his young unknown and inexperienced son.
The whole episode of the Money Bill dispute, the motives, intrigues, manoeuvrings and chicanery was wittily and ironically described by Edmund Sexton Pery, an eye-witness and MP for Wicklow town. His description is written in the form of a letter to the Duke of Bedford around the time he was appointed Lord Lieutenant in 1757.
The dispute became an oft-quoted precedent to the policy of the Irish Patriot Party of the 1780s.
Family
Thomas Carter was born in 1690, the son of Thomas Carter (1650–1726) and his wife born Margaret Houghton, of Robertstown, County Kildare. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and the King's Inns.
He married on 12 October 1719 at St Anne's, Dublin, Mary Claxton, youngest daughter of Thomas Claxton of Dublin and Lucy Pearce, and so first-cousin of Edward Lovett Pearce who built them a magnificent house at No.9 Henrietta Street with the finest staircase hall in Dublin. They had two sons and three daughters. Their daughter Frances was the mother of Frances, Lady Jersey. Their daughter Susan was a grandmother of Elizabeth, Marchioness of Thomond.
Thomas Carter made significant contributions to farming and country pursuits, not sparing any expense to bring them to perfection. He imported the best breed of cattle.
He originally leased Castle Martin in the early 1730s as his country seat, and did not buy the house and that estate until 1761, just two years before he died while staying with his elder son, Thomas MP, at Rathnally House, Trim. Twelve days after his father's death Thomas proceeded with his marriage to Anna Armytage, daughter of the Yorkshire baronet Sir Samuel Armytage, but they had just one child, Mary, later Mrs Skeffington Thompson, before young Thomas Carter MP himself died.
So Carter was succeeded at Castlemartin by his second son Henry Boyle Carter, named after his father's friend and political ally, Speaker Boyle. In 1750 Henry married Susanna Shaen, widow of James Wynne, daughter of Sir Arthur Shaen, 2nd baronet, and his Catholic wife Susanna Magan, by whom Henry had three sons and one daughter. (see Carter-Campbell of Possil). Carter's descendants continued to live at Castlemartin until they sold the estate to the Blackers in 1850.
Thomas Carter (1650–1726) M.P. father of Thomas Carter (1690–1763)
Thomas Carter the elder was obviously a very ambitious young man, he married firstly Margaret Houghton (c. 1660-1696) on 16 December 1681 at St. Audoen's Church, Dublin. During the revolution, he served with distinction at Derry and the Boyne where according to Burke's Irish Landed Gentry (1850 edition) he secured books and writings belonging to James II of England. What happened to these papers is not known. He was elected as an MP to the Irish House of Commons and became Second Sergeant at Arms being returned first for Fethard and then for Portarlington.
He married secondly, Isabella, the dowager Countess Roscommon on 2 August 1702 by which marriage he acquired the extensive Roscommon estates in and around Trim. The Countess was born Isabella Boynton. They had no children and she died in 1721. Thomas Carter's father's seat was at Robertstown, County Meath.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevieve_Edna_Apaloo"}
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Ghanaian Diplomat and Ambassador to Japan
Genevieve Edna Apaloo is a Ghanaian career Diplomat and Ghana's current Ambassador to Japan. Genevieve was once acting Head of Mission of the Embassy of Ghana in Washington DC, United States of America, where she was posted as Head of Chancery in October 2019.
Early life and education
Genevieve attended the University of Ghana, Legon and was awarded a bachelor's degree in modern languages, with combined honors in French & Spanish. She further pursued a master's degree in Arts degree in International Affairs from the Legon Centre for International Affairs and Diplomacy in the University of Ghana.
She holds a professional certificate in 'Peace and Stability in West Africa and the Sahel', a course she took in the Netherlands, European Training Programme on Security Policy in Geneva, Switzerland and Negotiations for Peace Operations in Accra, Ghana.
Career
Genevieve was appointed by President Nana Addo-Dankwa Akufo Addo to be Ghana's Ambassador to Japan in January, 2022. Prior to being named as an ambassador she was a Foreign Service Officer at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Ghana with over 24 years experience.
Genevieve is a career Diplomat who before her appointment as Ambassador, served in Washington DC, USA. She has also served in Paris, Togo, Nigeria and the Equatorial Guinea.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagh-e_Yaqub"}
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Village in East Azerbaijan, Iran
Bagh-e Yaqub (Persian: باغ يعقوب, also Romanized as Bāgh-e Ya‘qūb and Bāgh Ya‘qūb; also known as Payagol and Payeh Gol) is a village in Meydan Chay Rural District, in the Central District of Tabriz County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 515, in 142 families.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buu"}
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Look up buu in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Buu may refer to:
People with the name
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Alan Watts was an orator and philosopher of the 20th century. He spent time reflecting on Personal Identity and Higher Consciousness. According to the critic Erik Davis, his "writings and recorded talks still shimmer with a profound and galvanising lucidity." These works are not accessible in the same way as his many books.
Lectures
The following lectures can all be obtained at alanwatts.org .
Is this life a dream?
Watts proposes a thought experiment of imagining that one has total control over the content of each night's dreams. He uses this thought experiment to make a case for the self as the ultimate reality.
What if Money were no object?
Watts argues that there is less difference than generally supposed between what one would want to do if money were no object, and what one should do under actual circumstances. He proposes that the question "What do I desire?" should be given greater emphasis, even under actual circumstances
.
The mind
Watts makes a case for quieting the mind by leaving it alone. He argues that we are "addicted to thoughts" and want to avoid ourselves, and that this quest for self-avoidance leads to a "vicious circle" of worry.
You're IT
War
You are the Universe
The real You
The ego hoax
Being Alive
Choice
Books
Note: ISBNs for titles originally published prior to 1974 are for reprint editions.
Translations
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Scotland international rugby union player
Rugby player
Richard Ian Cramb (born 7 September 1963) is a former Scotland international rugby union player.
Rugby Union career
Amateur career
He played for Harlequins.
He moved to London Scottish.
He then played for Gosforth.
He later coached at Newcastle, where he was the key mentor for Jonny Wilkinson.
Provincial career
He played for Anglo-Scots District in the Scottish Inter-District Championship.
International career
He played for Scotland 'B' twice; in 1985-1986, against Italy 'B' and France 'B'.
He made his full senior international debut in the group stages of the 1987 Rugby World Cup against Romania. He made four appearances in total for the Scotland.
He went on the 1988 Scotland rugby union tour of Zimbabwe, although full caps were not awarded. His last appearance against Australia at Murrayfield in 1988.
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Rose Tarlow is an interior designer, a furniture and textile designer, and an author based in Los Angeles, California. She is known for having designed elegant residences for a small number of notable clients. She is the author of Private House, a memoir of her interior design activities, first published in 2001.
Life
Tarlow graduated from Emerson College in 1960 with a Bachelor of Science in Theater Arts. She married in 1961, after which she attended classes at the New York School of Interior Design and the Parsons School of Design, and established an interior design shop in Englewood, New Jersey. In 1971, having divorced and moved to California, she married the lawyer Barry Tarlow (1939–2021). She established Rose K. Tarlow Antiques. Ltd. in 1974, and Rose Tarlow Melrose House in 1981.
Interior design
Tarlow is known for creating rooms with highly refined wood, plaster and stone finishes, furnished with antiques (typically English, French, and East Asian), and infused with a personal blend of minimalism and romanticism. In her own house in Bel Air, she clad her dining room floor with reclaimed stone from France, installed wide wood floor boards made from 17th-century French oak in her living room, and added ceiling beams throughout, taken from an 11th-century church in Kent, England. Like much of her work, the house has a romantic character: in 1994, the writer Susan Orlean opined that "the place had the rugged, sunny, otherworldly ambience of a California mission." In 2001, the architecture critic Julie V. Iovine wrote of Tarlow's passion for creating "rooms of haunting luxury packed with enough rarities and idiosyncratic touches to upstage a Zeffirelli opera set." In 2004, the editor Marian McEvoy wrote in Veranda magazine that Tarlow, Albert Hadley, Jacques Grange, Michael Taylor, Renzo Mongiardino, and John Stefanidis, were six interior designers who had an "enormous impact" on "the design world."
Representative projects
Written works
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fda002d0-86fc-4032-8d55-f58a6f6db87d
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Salzburg"}
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Catholic ecclesiastical territory
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg (Latin: Archidioecesis Salisburgensis) is an archdiocese of the Latin Church of the Roman Catholic Church in Austria. The archdiocese is one of two Austrian archdioceses, serving alongside the Archdiocese of Vienna.
The Archbishopric of Salzburg was a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire until 1803, when it was secularized as the Electorate of Salzburg. The archdiocese was reestablished in 1818 without temporal power.
Suffragan dioceses
Episcopal Ordinaries
Abbot-Bishops of Iuvavum c. 300s – c. 482
Abandoned after c. 482
Bishops of Iuvavum (from 755, Salzburg)
Archbishops of Salzburg, 798–1213
Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg, 1213–1803
Archbishops (from 1823)
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f855e848-0329-4eaa-be4a-a61e6edf11bf
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAMD4"}
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Protein that is encoded by the GRAMD4 gene
GRAM domain containing 4 (GRAMD4) also known as Death-Inducing Protein (DIP) is a protein that is encoded by the GRAMD4 gene.
Function
GRAMD4 is a mitochondrial effector of E2F1 (MIM 189971)-induced apoptosis.
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1928b221-291c-4ff5-87fc-39c293682f84
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