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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starry_sturgeon"}
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Species of fish
The starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) also known as stellate sturgeon or sevruga (Drakul, Persian: اوزون برون, and Turkish: Uzun Burun, lit. 'long nosed'), is a species of sturgeon. It is native to the Black, Azov, Caspian and Aegean sea basins, but it has been extirpated from the last and it is predicted that the remaining natural population will follow soon due to overfishing.
The starry sturgeon is an anadromous species, which migrates up rivers to spawn.
It is considered critically endangered by the IUCN and international trade in this species (including its caviar) is restricted by CITES.
Description
The starry sturgeon reaches about 220 cm (7.2 ft) in length and weighs up to 80 kg (180 lb). It is a slim-bodied fish easily distinguished from other sturgeons by its long, thin and straight snout. A row of five small barbels lies closer to the mouth than to the tip of the snout. The scales on the lateral line number between thirty and forty and these features distinguish this fish from the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). Its general colouring is dark greyish-green or brown with a pale underside. The scales on the lateral line are pale. The maximum reported age for this species is 27 years.
Biology
The starry sturgeon is a harmless species that feeds on fish, worms, crustaceans and mollusks. It lies on the bottom during the day and feeds mostly at night. This fish is anadromous and moves upriver into shallow waters to spawn.
Uses
The starry sturgeon is an important commercial species of fish. It is one of the three most important species for caviar, see Sevruga caviar, along with the Beluga sturgeon and the Ossetra sturgeon. Its flesh is considered an expensive delicacy in the Caspian region. It is used to make kabaabs, or is consumed pan fried, broiled, or smoked. There have been several attempts in Russia, Iran, Italy, and the United States to adapt this species for aquaculture, with varying degrees of success.[citation needed]
The resilience of this species is low. The minimum population doubling time is 4.5 – 14 years.
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16th episode of the 33rd season of The Simpsons
"Pretty Whittle Liar" is the 16th episode of the 33rd season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 722nd episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on March 27, 2022. The episode was directed by Mike Frank Polcino and written by Joel H. Cohen.
Plot
At a meeting of Marge's book club, Brandine shares an in-depth analysis on the book. Word that Brandine is secretly smart spreads in town, and Cletus finds out himself. He confronts Brandine, who reveals that she has been going to cultural events and reading books in her free time. Cletus feels that he does not know who Brandine is anymore, and kicks her out of the house. She moves in with the Simpson family, but begins to miss Cletus and their children. Meanwhile, Marge feels insecure after learning that Brandine, and other townsfolk, think she could have married a better man than Homer. She has Homer talk to Cletus, and he says that he still loves Brandine, but is still conflicted that she was hiding her true personality from him.
At school, Lisa is inducted into a group of smart students who hide their intelligence to avoid being bullied. Later, Brandine decides to move back in with Cletus, and advises Lisa to be proud of who she is. The day after, Lisa and her group stand up against Principal Skinner, resulting in him canceling school for the day. When Brandine returns home, Cletus has gotten a library card and checked out Green Eggs and Ham, so he can learn to have something in common with her. Homer apologizes to Marge by completing various household chores he had been putting off.
Reception
Tony Sokol of Den of Geek gave the episode a 3.5 out of 5 stars stating, "’Pretty Whittle Liar’ is a complicated episode, and it’s a very good thing the installment pulls back from adding another marriage crisis to the Simpsons household. But the change comes from Cletus. He betters himself to the degree where he can tell the finer points on why John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath is a classic, and why the story is told much better in National Lampoon’s Vacation, currently streaming on Hillbilly Plus."
Marcus Gibson of Bubbleblabber gave the episode a 7 out of 10 stating, "Overall, “Pretty Whittle Liar’ strives in its intelligence, even though it struggles to juggle its elements into a single storyline. It offers a nice piece of development for Brandine and even Cletus, who even attempts to learn how to read books. The episode also offers some genuinely decent humor, including Homer lighting his fart on fire and the ‘Cletus on Books’ segment during the end credits. It doesn’t take a genius to know that it’s yet another enjoyable episode in the show’s thirty-third season."
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b2fd1781-d5cf-4878-bf43-755fb2ec22ef
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pevernagie"}
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Belgian painter (1904–1970)
Louis Pevernagie (1904–1970) was a Belgian expressionist and later abstract painter.
Life
Louis Pevernagie was born in Heldergem, Flanders in 1904. He was the father of the painter Erik Pevernagie. The landscapes of the Flemish Ardennes were the inspiration for many of his paintings and gave an idea of Flemish farm life. He obtained a degree of Teaching Education in 1924 but had started his career as a painter already during his studies. He married at the age of 30 and had 2 children. After World War II he moved to Uccle (near Brussels). His ideas and visions were expressed on canvas and on paper, but also in the media as he had become a journalist at Press Agency Belga. He died in Uccle in 1970.
Work
Louis Pevernagie started as an expressionist painter. He mainly used warm colours with a powerful expression. As he was permanently in quest of light he could be classified among the "luminists". He tried to find a right balance between light and shade and conceived his paintings with intensity and self-confidence. His approach was rough and at the same time subtle. He carried out this interesting contradiction in a range of subjects like farmers at work, landscapes, interiors, nudes, flowers and still lives. After World War II he turned to non-figuration. Also in the abstract period he kept the power and the vigour of his artistic temperament
Quotes
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0277ac62-9a5f-4a1c-8b33-109c2b854f5f
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Wien"}
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Austro-Hungarian Navy's Monarch-class coastal defense ship
SMS Wien ("His Majesty's Ship Vienna") was one of three Monarch-class coastal defense ships built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the 1890s. After her commissioning, the ship participated in an international blockade of Crete during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. Wien and the two other Monarch-class ships made several training cruises in the Mediterranean Sea in the early 1900s. They formed the 1st Capital Ship Division of the Austro-Hungarian Navy until they were replaced by the newly commissioned Habsburg-class predreadnought battleships at the turn of the century. In 1906 the three Monarchs were placed in reserve and only recommissioned for annual summer training exercises. After the start of World War I, Wien was recommissioned and assigned to 5th Division together with her sisters.
The division was sent to Cattaro in August 1914 to attack Montenegrin and French artillery that was bombarding the port and they remained there until mid-1917. Wien and her sister Budapest were sent to Trieste in August 1917 and bombarded Italian fortifications in the Gulf of Trieste. On the night of 9–10 December, while Wien and Budapest were at anchor in Trieste, two Italian torpedo boats managed to penetrate the harbor defenses undetected and fired several torpedoes at the two ships. Budapest was not hit, but Wien was struck by two torpedoes and sank in less than five minutes with the loss of 46 of her crew. The wreck was salvaged sometime during the 1920s by the Italians.
Description and construction
At only 5,785 tonnes (5,694 long tons) maximum displacement, the Monarch class was less than half the size of the battleships of other major navies at the time and were officially designated as coast defense ships. The Austro-Hungarian government believed that the role of its navy was solely to defend her coast.
Wien had an overall length of 99.22 meters (325 ft 6 in), a beam of 17 meters (55 ft 9 in) and a draft of 6.4 meters (21 ft 0 in). Her two 4-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines produced a total of 8,500 indicated horsepower (6,300 kW) using steam from five cylindrical boilers. These gave the ship a maximum speed of 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph). Wien's maximum load of 500 metric tons (490 LT) of coal gave her a range of 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at a speed of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). She was manned by 26 officers and 397 enlisted men, a total of 423 personnel.
The armament of the Monarch class consisted of four 240-millimeter (9.4 in) Krupp K/94 guns mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. The ships carried 80 rounds for each gun. Their secondary armament was six 150-millimeter (5.9 in) Škoda guns located in casemates in the superstructure. Defense against torpedo boats was provided by ten quick-firing (QF) 47 mm (1.9 in) Škoda guns and four 47-millimeter QF Hotchkiss guns. The ships also mounted two 450-millimeter (18 in) torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. Each torpedo tube was provided with two torpedoes. In 1917 a Škoda 7 cm K10 anti-aircraft gun was installed.
The ship's nickel-steel waterline armor belt was 120–270 millimeters (4.7–10.6 in) thick and the gun turrets were protected by 250 millimeters (9.8 in) of armor. The casemates had 80 millimeters (3.1 in) thick sides while the conning tower had 220 millimeters (8.7 in) of armor. Wien's deck armor was 40 millimeters (1.6 in) thick.
The Monarch-class ships were ordered in May 1892 with Budapest and Wien to be built at the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino shipyard in Trieste. Both ships were laid down on 16 February 1893, the first ships in the class to be laid down. Wien was launched on 7 July 1895 by Countess Kielmannsegg, wife of the Governor of Lower Austria, and commissioned on 13 May 1897.
Service history
Peace time
After her commissioning, Wien took part in Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee International Fleet Review at Spithead on 26 June 1897, as well as an international blockade of Crete during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. She was back at Pola on 16 April 1898. Wien and her sisters formed the Navy's 1st Capital Ship Division (I. Schwere Division) in 1899 and the division made a training cruise to the Eastern Mediterranean where they made port visits in Greece, Lebanon, Turkey and Malta later that year. In early 1902 they made another training cruise to the Western Mediterranean with port visits in Algeria, Spain, France, Italy, Corfu, and Albania. The ship was fitted with a Siemens-Braun radio early the following year. The ships of the division were inspected by Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne, in March 1903 at Gravosa. Shortly afterwards, Wien, Budapest, the battleship Habsburg and the destroyer Magnet made a cruise to the Eastern Mediterranean. Wien served as flagship of the division until she was posted at Salonica, Greece on 13 May to support Austro-Hungarian interests there after several terrorist acts against Austro-Hungarian citizens. She returned to Pola on 10 June and resumed her assignment as flagship. In 1904, the Monarch-class ships formed the 2nd Capital Ship Division and they took part in the 1904 cruise of the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas as well as training exercises in which the three Habsburg-class battleships engaged the Budapest and her sisters in simulated combat. Those maneuvers marked the first time two homogeneous squadrons consisting of modern battleships operated in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. In 1905, Wien made a cruise of the Levant and visited ports in Greece, Turkey, Egypt and Albania. Later that summer, the ship ran aground during a night exercise off Meleda Island; it took two tries by Budapest and Habsburg to pull her off. She had to be dry-docked for repairs.
The Monarchs were relegated to the newly formed Reserve Squadron on 1 January 1906 and were only recommissioned for the annual summer exercises. They participated in a fleet review by Archduke Franz Ferdinand in September conducted in the Koločepski Channel near Šipan. The ships were briefly recommissioned at the beginning of 1913 as the 4th Division after the start of the Second Balkan War, but were decommissioned again on 10 March.
World War I
With the beginning of World War I the three Monarchs were recommissioned as the 5th Division. They were sent down to the Cattaro in August 1914 to attack Montenegrin artillery batteries on Mount Lovćen bombarding the Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro and the fortifications defending it. Budapest and her sisters arrived on 13 August, but their guns could not elevate sufficiently enough to engage all of the enemy artillery, which was reinforced by eight French guns on 19 October. The battleship Radetzky was summoned to deal with the guns two days later and she managed to knock out several French guns and forced the others to be withdrawn by 27 October. The Monarchs remained at Cattaro until mid-1917 to deter any further attacks. In August, Budapest and Wien were transferred to Trieste to serve as guard ships against Italian commando raids. Each ship was fitted with an anti-aircraft gun after their arrival on 26 August to counter constant Italian air attacks. Wien was damaged by a near miss on 5 September and both ships withdrew to Pola on 12 September.
They returned to Trieste on 30 October and sortied into the Gulf of Trieste on 16 November to attack Italian coastal defenses at Cortellazzo, near the mouth of the Piave River. Budapest and Wien opened fire at 10:35 at a range of about 9–10 kilometers (5.6–6.2 mi) and knocked out most of the Italian guns after about a half-hour. Their bombardment was interrupted by several unsuccessful Italian air attacks before a more coordinated attack was made by five MAS torpedo boats and five aircraft around 13:30. This was also unsuccessful and the last Italian coast defense gun was knocked out an hour later. Wien was hit seven times in the superstructure and only lightly damaged; none of her crewmen were wounded.
Anxious to avenge themselves against the Austro-Hungarians, the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) made plans for a sneak attack on the two ships in their berths in the Bay of Muggia, near Trieste, by MAS launches. On the night of 9/10 December, two MAS boats managed to penetrate the harbor defenses undetected, and fired torpedoes at Wien and Budapest at 02:32. The torpedoes fired at Budapest missed, but Wien was hit by two torpedoes fired by MAS 9, commanded by Lieutenant (tenente di vascello) Luigi Rizzo, that blew a hole 10.5-meter (34 ft) wide abreast the boiler rooms. All of the watertight doors were open on board the Wien and the ship capsized in five minutes despite an attempt to counter her growing list by flooding the trim tanks on the opposite side. The attack killed 46 members of the crew. Both Italian boats escaped without being detected and Rizzo was awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor.
Wien was buried in the mud of the harbor bottom at a depth of 16.5 meters (54 ft) and salvage of the ship was ordered on 14 December. That same day the navy convened a court-martial of Vice Admiral Alfred Freiherr von Koudelka, commander of the naval district, the captains of both ships, and the commander of the naval defenses of Trieste. On 16 January 1918, the court convicted all four individuals for failing to take all possible precautions to protect the ships and failing to ensure that the precautions were taken. As punishment the court recommended that Koudelka and the two ship captains be retired and the commander of the naval defenses of Trieste to be returned to his former reserve status. Emperor Karl approved the recommendations on 23 January.
The navy ordered that the salvage of Wien be stopped on 7 June and the wreck was ultimately salvaged by the Italians sometime during the 1920s. A section of the ship's stern is on display at the Museo Storico Navale in Venice.
Citations
Explanatory notes
Citations
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bcd40176-c209-467a-a4b5-717c740cddd5
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maher_Hannachi"}
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Tunisian footballer
Maher Ben Omar Hannachi (Arabic: ماهر بن عمر الحناشي, born 31 August 1984) is a Tunisian footballer who plays as a winger.
Club career
Hannachi moved to Libyan Premier League club Ittihad Tripoli S.C. from US Monastir in the 2009–10 season. After spending two seasons at the Tripoli-based club, he returned to Monastir.
After a 5-year spell at CS Sfaxien, he joined Étoile du Sahel in July 2018.
International career
International goals
Scores and results list Tunisia's goal tally first.
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d1854fe3-7cfb-435a-9b1b-1c84228296c0
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_star"}
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Type of star, larger and brighter than the Sun
Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
Spectral type
O
B
A
F
G
K
M
L
T
Brown dwarfs
White dwarfs
Red dwarfs
Subdwarfs
Main sequence
("dwarfs")
Subgiants
Giants
Red giants
Blue giants
Bright giants
Supergiants
Red supergiant
Hypergiants
absolute
magni-
tude
(MV)
A giant star is a star with substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type by Ejnar Hertzsprung about 1905.
Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities between 10 and a few thousand times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.
A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf no matter how large and luminous it is.
Formation
A star becomes a giant after all the hydrogen available for fusion at its core has been depleted and, as a result, leaves the main sequence. The behaviour of a post-main-sequence star depends largely on its mass.
Intermediate-mass stars
For a star with a mass above about 0.25 solar masses (M☉), once the core is depleted of hydrogen it contracts and heats up so that hydrogen starts to fuse in a shell around the core. The portion of the star outside the shell expands and cools, but with only a small increase in luminosity, and the star becomes a subgiant. The inert helium core continues to grow and increase in temperature as it accretes helium from the shell, but in stars up to about 10-12 M☉ it does not become hot enough to start helium burning (higher-mass stars are supergiants and evolve differently). Instead, after just a few million years the core reaches the Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit, rapidly collapses, and may become degenerate. This causes the outer layers to expand even further and generates a strong convective zone that brings heavy elements to the surface in a process called the first dredge-up. This strong convection also increases the transport of energy to the surface, the luminosity increases dramatically, and the star moves onto the red-giant branch where it will stably burn hydrogen in a shell for a substantial fraction of its entire life (roughly 10% for a Sun-like star). The core continues to gain mass, contract, and increase in temperature, whereas there is some mass loss in the outer layers., § 5.9.
If the star's mass, when on the main sequence, was below approximately 0.4 M☉, it will never reach the central temperatures necessary to fuse helium., p. 169. It will therefore remain a hydrogen-fusing red giant until it runs out of hydrogen, at which point it will become a helium white dwarf., § 4.1, 6.1. According to stellar evolution theory, no star of such low mass can have evolved to that stage within the age of the Universe.
In stars above about 0.4 M☉ the core temperature eventually reaches 108 K and helium will begin to fuse to carbon and oxygen in the core by the triple-alpha process.,§ 5.9, chapter 6. When the core is degenerate helium fusion begins explosively, but most of the energy goes into lifting the degeneracy and the core becomes convective. The energy generated by helium fusion reduces the pressure in the surrounding hydrogen-burning shell, which reduces its energy-generation rate. The overall luminosity of the star decreases, its outer envelope contracts again, and the star moves from the red-giant branch to the horizontal branch., chapter 6.
When the core helium is exhausted, a star with up to about 8 M☉ has a carbon–oxygen core that becomes degenerate and starts helium burning in a shell. As with the earlier collapse of the helium core, this starts convection in the outer layers, triggers a second dredge-up, and causes a dramatic increase in size and luminosity. This is the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) analogous to the red-giant branch but more luminous, with a hydrogen-burning shell contributing most of the energy. Stars only remain on the AGB for around a million years, becoming increasingly unstable until they exhaust their fuel, go through a planetary nebula phase, and then become a carbon–oxygen white dwarf., § 7.1–7.4.
High-mass stars
Main-sequence stars with masses above about 12 M☉ are already very luminous and they move horizontally across the HR diagram when they leave the main sequence, briefly becoming blue giants before they expand further into blue supergiants. They start core-helium burning before the core becomes degenerate and develop smoothly into red supergiants without a strong increase in luminosity. At this stage they have comparable luminosities to bright AGB stars although they have much higher masses, but will further increase in luminosity as they burn heavier elements and eventually become a supernova.
Stars in the 8-12 M☉ range have somewhat intermediate properties and have been called super-AGB stars. They largely follow the tracks of lighter stars through RGB, HB, and AGB phases, but are massive enough to initiate core carbon burning and even some neon burning. They form oxygen–magnesium–neon cores, which may collapse in an electron-capture supernova, or they may leave behind an oxygen–neon white dwarf.
O class main sequence stars are already highly luminous. The giant phase for such stars is a brief phase of slightly increased size and luminosity before developing a supergiant spectral luminosity class. Type O giants may be more than a hundred thousand times as luminous as the sun, brighter than many supergiants. Classification is complex and difficult with small differences between luminosity classes and a continuous range of intermediate forms. The most massive stars develop giant or supergiant spectral features while still burning hydrogen in their cores, due to mixing of heavy elements to the surface and high luminosity which produces a powerful stellar wind and causes the star's atmosphere to expand.
Low-mass stars
A star whose initial mass is less than approximately 0.25 M☉ will not become a giant star at all. For most of their lifetimes, such stars have their interior thoroughly mixed by convection and so they can continue fusing hydrogen for a time in excess of 1012 years, much longer than the current age of the Universe. They steadily become hotter and more luminous throughout this time. Eventually they do develop a radiative core, subsequently exhausting hydrogen in the core and burning hydrogen in a shell surrounding the core. (Stars with a mass in excess of 0.16 M☉ may expand at this point, but will never become very large.) Shortly thereafter, the star's supply of hydrogen will be completely exhausted and it will become a helium white dwarf. Again, the universe is too young for any such stars to be observed.
Subclasses
There are a wide range of giant-class stars and several subdivisions are commonly used to identify smaller groups of stars.
Subgiants
Subgiants are an entirely separate spectroscopic luminosity class (IV) from giants, but share many features with them. Although some subgiants are simply over-luminous main-sequence stars due to chemical variation or age, others are a distinct evolutionary track towards true giants.
Examples:
Bright giants
Bright giants are stars of luminosity class II in the Yerkes spectral classification. These are stars which straddle the boundary between ordinary giants and supergiants, based on the appearance of their spectra. The bright giant luminosity class was first defined in 1943.
Well known stars which are classified as bright giants include:
Red giants
Within any giant luminosity class, the cooler stars of spectral class K, M, S, and C, (and sometimes some G-type stars) are called red giants. Red giants include stars in a number of distinct evolutionary phases of their lives: a main red-giant branch (RGB); a red horizontal branch or red clump; the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), although AGB stars are often large enough and luminous enough to get classified as supergiants; and sometimes other large cool stars such as immediate post-AGB stars. The RGB stars are by far the most common type of giant star due to their moderate mass, relatively long stable lives, and luminosity. They are the most obvious grouping of stars after the main sequence on most HR diagrams, although white dwarfs are more numerous but far less luminous.
Examples:
Yellow giants
Giant stars with intermediate temperatures (spectral class G, F, and at least some A) are called yellow giants. They are far less numerous than red giants, partly because they only form from stars with somewhat higher masses, and partly because they spend less time in that phase of their lives. However, they include a number of important classes of variable stars. High-luminosity yellow stars are generally unstable, leading to the instability strip on the HR diagram where the majority of stars are pulsating variables. The instability strip reaches from the main sequence up to hypergiant luminosities, but at the luminosities of giants there are several classes of pulsating variable stars:
Yellow giants may be moderate-mass stars evolving for the first time towards the red-giant branch, or they may be more evolved stars on the horizontal branch. Evolution towards the red-giant branch for the first time is very rapid, whereas stars can spend much longer on the horizontal branch. Horizontal-branch stars, with more heavy elements and lower mass, are more unstable.
Examples:
Blue (and sometimes white) giants
The hottest giants, of spectral classes O, B, and sometimes early A, are called blue giants. Sometimes A- and late-B-type stars may be referred to as white giants.[why?]
The blue giants are a very heterogeneous grouping, ranging from high-mass, high-luminosity stars just leaving the main sequence to low-mass, horizontal-branch stars. Higher-mass stars leave the main sequence to become blue giants, then bright blue giants, and then blue supergiants, before expanding into red supergiants, although at the very highest masses the giant stage is so brief and narrow that it can hardly be distinguished from a blue supergiant.
Lower-mass, core-helium-burning stars evolve from red giants along the horizontal branch and then back again to the asymptotic giant branch, and depending on mass and metallicity they can become blue giants. It is thought that some post-AGB stars experiencing a late thermal pulse can become peculiar[clarification needed] blue giants.
Examples:
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ed00de8e-7de9-43b5-b60f-cbeca7da9b29
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coudes"}
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Commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
Coudes (French pronunciation: [kud]) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
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09525530-5bb2-43df-8b37-0b9c22079a63
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Broken World may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term
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e1811481-ab8b-41d6-9369-93cdf2fdca8d
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takuto_Inoue"}
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Badminton player
Takuto Inoue (井上 拓斗, Inoue Takuto, born 26 February 1995) is a Japanese badminton player from the Unisys team. He won his first senior international title at the 2013 Romanian International tournament in the men's singles and doubles event.
Achievements
BWF World Junior Championships
Boys' doubles
BWF World Tour (1 title, 2 runners-up)
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tour is divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
Men's doubles
BWF Superseries (1 runner-up)
The BWF Superseries, which was launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, was a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). BWF Superseries levels were Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries consisted of twelve tournaments around the world that had been introduced since 2011. Successful players were invited to the Superseries Finals, which were held at the end of each year.
Men's doubles
BWF Superseries Finals tournament
BWF Superseries Premier tournament
BWF Superseries tournament
BWF Grand Prix (1 title, 4 runners-up)
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.
Men's doubles
BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
BWF Grand Prix tournament
BWF International Challenge/Series (3 titles, 3 runners-up)
Men's singles
Men's doubles
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
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8a6fa725-b372-4e42-bf3c-67b85b470bfd
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV-328"}
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Chemical compound
UV-328 (2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol) is a chemical compound that belongs to the phenolic benzotriazoles. It is a UV filter that is used as an antioxidant for plastics.
Properties
UV-328 has a melting point of 80-86 °C, a vapor pressure of 4,6·10−5 Pa (20 °C) and a water solubility of < 0,001 g·l−1 (20 °C).
Applications
UV-328 is a light stabilizer for a variety of plastics and other organic substrates. Its use is recommended for the stabilization of styrene homopolymers and copolymers, acrylic polymers, unsaturated polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyacetals, polyvinyl butyral, elastomers and adhesives. It protects polymers and organic pigments from UV radiation and helps maintain the original appearance and physical integrity of moldings, films, sheets and fibers during outdoor weathering. The application concentration is 0.1-1 %.
UV-328 is recommended for applications such as automotive coatings, industrial coatings, commercial inks such as wood stains or do-it-yourself inks.
Hazard
UV-328 is persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) as well as very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB). Thus, it is in the list of substances of very high concern. It may cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.
UV-328 has been found to be associated with adverse health effects in mammals based on repeated-dose toxicity studies conducted in rats and dogs, with the primary health effect being liver toxicity. It is also associated with adverse effects on the kidney based on the study in rats.
The finding of UV-328 in plastics sampled on remote beaches, in stomachs of seabirds and in preen gland oil show that it is also transported over long distances and is taken up by biota. Detections in Arctic biota include eggs of common eider, kittiwake, European shag and glaucous gull as well as the livers of mink.
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17815b7e-64dd-432e-9652-535c246a8641
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva_House"}
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Deva House is a 1926 commercial building in Melbourne, Australia designed by Harry Norris, one of the most prolific architects in the city during the period from 1920 to 1930, and noted for his Art Deco buildings, incorporating both emerging Australian and American architectural styles.
History of the building
Deva House is a 10-storey building located at 327-9 Bourke Street, CBD. It was designed by Harry Norris in 1925 (some sources say 1924), and completed in 1926, for his client George (G.J.) Coles, founder of the Coles Group retail empire. Norris designed it during the same period, and in a similar style, to the better-known Nicholas Building.
In common with other architects working in the city at the time, Norris adopted significantly different styles, depending on the client and project demands. He also incorporated different architectural influences within one building.
Structure and style
Deva House was constructed using a steel frame for the basement and first two floors, with reinforced concrete for the eight upper floors. Its height is 130 feet (40 m), just below the 132 feet (40 m) height limit in force in Melbourne at the time. Economic considerations may also have influenced the design, as this created maximum floor area at more commercially attractive lower levels, and a cheaper construction method for higher floors. Norris incorporated faience into many of his building exteriors, notably the G.J. Coles building, but this is absent from Deva House and there is no surviving evidence that it was part of the original finish.
Architecture academic Philip Goad has suggested that a first classification would place Deva House within the Palazzo style, with Greek Revival details in its facade treatment, but he adds that closer analysis reveals a more streamlined approach, with elements of Eclecticism.
The building today
As with most period buildings on Bourke Street, modernisation of Deva House has left little more than the shell of its original design. The interior of Deva House from the second floor up has been entirely gutted and rebuilt as a hotel, while both the ground floor facade and interior have been stripped out in their entirety and rebuilt in the contemporary high-street style and now house shops. The building is listed on the RAIA Victoria 20th Century Buildings Register.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Bitten"}
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Look up once bitten, twice shy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Once Bitten may refer to:
Music
Film and TV
Literature
Theatre
Topics referred to by the same term
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1a184d86-6919-4a66-a42b-2edc10792e98
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_County_Government_Center%E2%80%93Golden_station"}
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Light rail station in Golden, Colorado
Jefferson County Government Center–Golden station (sometimes stylized and abbreviated as JeffCo Gov't Cntr•Golden) is an at-grade light rail station on the W Line of the RTD Rail system. It is located near the intersection of 6th Avenue and Johnson Road, on grounds of the Jefferson County Government Center in Golden, Colorado, after which the station is named.
The station opened on April 26, 2013, as the western terminus of the West Corridor, built as part of the Regional Transportation District (RTD) FasTracks public transportation expansion plan and voter-approved sales tax increase for the Denver metropolitan area.
Jefferson County Government Center–Golden station has a 705 space park and ride garage and a bus stop served by the Golden FlexRide, a demand-responsive transport service operated by RTD Bus, serving the city of Golden. The station also has bicycle parking racks, lockers and a connection to the 6th Avenue Trail, a multi-use trail that runs along U.S. Route 6.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_Florida_Gators_football_team"}
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American college football season
The 1942 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1942 college football season. The season was Tom Lieb's third as Florida's head coach. By the autumn of 1942, World War II had begun to affect many college football programs. Florida lost several players and most of its coaching staff to the war effort before the season, and lost several more players during the season, leading to diminishing success as the schedule progressed.
The Gators began the season 3–1 but lost their final six contests to finish with a 3–7 overall record. Their 1–3 conference record placed ninth among twelve teams in the SEC.
Schedule
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Paes is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry"}
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Calculation of relative quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions
Stoichiometry (/ˌstɔɪkiˈɒmɪtri/) is the relationship between the quantities of reactants and products before, during, and following chemical reactions.
Stoichiometry is founded on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products, leading to the insight that the relations among quantities of reactants and products typically form a ratio of positive integers. This means that if the amounts of the separate reactants are known, then the amount of the product can be calculated. Conversely, if one reactant has a known quantity and the quantity of the products can be empirically determined, then the amount of the other reactants can also be calculated.
This is illustrated in the image here, where the balanced equation is:
CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
Here, one molecule of methane reacts with two molecules of oxygen gas to yield one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water. This particular chemical equation is an example of complete combustion. Stoichiometry measures these quantitative relationships, and is used to determine the amount of products and reactants that are produced or needed in a given reaction. Describing the quantitative relationships among substances as they participate in chemical reactions is known as reaction stoichiometry. In the example above, reaction stoichiometry measures the relationship between the quantities of methane and oxygen that react to form carbon dioxide and water.
Because of the well known relationship of moles to atomic weights, the ratios that are arrived at by stoichiometry can be used to determine quantities by weight in a reaction described by a balanced equation. This is called composition stoichiometry.
Gas stoichiometry deals with reactions involving gases, where the gases are at a known temperature, pressure, and volume and can be assumed to be ideal gases. For gases, the volume ratio is ideally the same by the ideal gas law, but the mass ratio of a single reaction has to be calculated from the molecular masses of the reactants and products. In practice, due to the existence of isotopes, molar masses are used instead when calculating the mass ratio.
Etymology
The term stoichiometry was first used by Jeremias Benjamin Richter in 1792 when the first volume of Richter's Stoichiometry or the Art of Measuring the Chemical Elements was published. The term is derived from the Ancient Greek words στοιχεῖον stoicheion "element" and μέτρον metron "measure". In patristic Greek, the word Stoichiometria was used by Nicephorus to refer to the number of line counts of the canonical New Testament and some of the Apocrypha.
Definition
A stoichiometric amount or stoichiometric ratio of a reagent is the optimum amount or ratio where, assuming that the reaction proceeds to completion:
Stoichiometry rests upon the very basic laws that help to understand it better, i.e., law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions (i.e., the law of constant composition), the law of multiple proportions and the law of reciprocal proportions. In general, chemical reactions combine in definite ratios of chemicals. Since chemical reactions can neither create nor destroy matter, nor transmute one element into another, the amount of each element must be the same throughout the overall reaction. For example, the number of atoms of a given element X on the reactant side must equal the number of atoms of that element on the product side, whether or not all of those atoms are actually involved in a reaction.
Chemical reactions, as macroscopic unit operations, consist of simply a very large number of elementary reactions, where a single molecule reacts with another molecule. As the reacting molecules (or moieties) consist of a definite set of atoms in an integer ratio, the ratio between reactants in a complete reaction is also in integer ratio. A reaction may consume more than one molecule, and the stoichiometric number counts this number, defined as positive for products (added) and negative for reactants (removed). The unsigned coefficients are generally referred to as the stoichiometric coefficients.
Each element has an atomic mass, and considering molecules as collections of atoms, compounds have a definite molar mass. By definition, the molar mass of carbon-12 is 12 g/mol. The number of molecules per mole in a substance is given by the Avogadro constant. Thus, to calculate the stoichiometry by mass, the number of molecules required for each reactant is expressed in moles and multiplied by the molar mass of each to give the mass of each reactant per mole of reaction. The mass ratios can be calculated by dividing each by the total in the whole reaction.
Elements in their natural state are mixtures of isotopes of differing mass; thus, atomic masses and thus molar masses are not exactly integers. For instance, instead of an exact 14:3 proportion, 17.04 kg of ammonia consists of 14.01 kg of nitrogen and 3 × 1.01 kg of hydrogen, because natural nitrogen includes a small amount of nitrogen-15, and natural hydrogen includes hydrogen-2 (deuterium).
A stoichiometric reactant is a reactant that is consumed in a reaction, as opposed to a catalytic reactant, which is not consumed in the overall reaction because it reacts in one step and is regenerated in another step.
Converting grams to moles
Stoichiometry is not only used to balance chemical equations but also used in conversions, i.e., converting from grams to moles using molar mass as the conversion factor, or from grams to milliliters using density. For example, to find the amount of NaCl (sodium chloride) in 2.00 g, one would do the following:
In the above example, when written out in fraction form, the units of grams form a multiplicative identity, which is equivalent to one (g/g = 1), with the resulting amount in moles (the unit that was needed), as shown in the following equation,
Molar proportion
Stoichiometry is often used to balance chemical equations (reaction stoichiometry). For example, the two diatomic gases, hydrogen and oxygen, can combine to form a liquid, water, in an exothermic reaction, as described by the following equation:
2 H
2 + O
2 → 2 H
2O
Reaction stoichiometry describes the 2:1:2 ratio of hydrogen, oxygen, and water molecules in the above equation.
The molar ratio allows for conversion between moles of one substance and moles of another. For example, in the reaction
2 CH
3OH + 3 O
2 → 2 CO
2 + 4 H
2O
the amount of water that will be produced by the combustion of 0.27 moles of CH
3OH is obtained using the molar ratio between CH
3OH and H
2O of 2 to 4.
The term stoichiometry is also often used for the molar proportions of elements in stoichiometric compounds (composition stoichiometry). For example, the stoichiometry of hydrogen and oxygen in H2O is 2:1. In stoichiometric compounds, the molar proportions are whole numbers.
Determining amount of product
Stoichiometry can also be used to find the quantity of a product yielded by a reaction. If a piece of solid copper (Cu) were added to an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3), the silver (Ag) would be replaced in a single displacement reaction forming aqueous copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) and solid silver. How much silver is produced if 16.00 grams of Cu is added to the solution of excess silver nitrate?
The following steps would be used:
The complete balanced equation would be:
Cu + 2 AgNO
3 → Cu(NO
3)
2 + 2 Ag
For the mass to mole step, the mass of copper (16.00 g) would be converted to moles of copper by dividing the mass of copper by its molecular mass: 63.55 g/mol.
Now that the amount of Cu in moles (0.2518) is found, we can set up the mole ratio. This is found by looking at the coefficients in the balanced equation: Cu and Ag are in a 1:2 ratio.
Now that the moles of Ag produced is known to be 0.5036 mol, we convert this amount to grams of Ag produced to come to the final answer:
This set of calculations can be further condensed into a single step:
Further examples
For propane (C3H8) reacting with oxygen gas (O2), the balanced chemical equation is:
C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
The mass of water formed if 120 g of propane (C3H8) is burned in excess oxygen is then
Stoichiometric ratio
Stoichiometry is also used to find the right amount of one reactant to "completely" react with the other reactant in a chemical reaction – that is, the stoichiometric amounts that would result in no leftover reactants when the reaction takes place. An example is shown below using the thermite reaction,
Fe2O3 + 2 Al → Al2O3 + 2 Fe
This equation shows that 1 mole of iron(III) oxide and 2 moles of aluminum will produce 1 mole of aluminium oxide and 2 moles of iron. So, to completely react with 85.0 g of iron(III) oxide (0.532 mol), 28.7 g (1.06 mol) of aluminium are needed.
Limiting reagent and percent yield
The limiting reagent is the reagent that limits the amount of product that can be formed and is completely consumed when the reaction is complete. An excess reactant is a reactant that is left over once the reaction has stopped due to the limiting reactant being exhausted.
Consider the equation of roasting lead(II) sulfide (PbS) in oxygen (O2) to produce lead(II) oxide (PbO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2):
2 PbS + 3 O
2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO
2
To determine the theoretical yield of lead(II) oxide if 200.0 g of lead(II) sulfide and 200.0 g of oxygen are heated in an open container:
Because a lesser amount of PbO is produced for the 200.0 g of PbS, it is clear that PbS is the limiting reagent.
In reality, the actual yield is not the same as the stoichiometrically-calculated theoretical yield. Percent yield, then, is expressed in the following equation:
If 170.0 g of lead(II) oxide is obtained, then the percent yield would be calculated as follows:
Example
Consider the following reaction, in which iron(III) chloride reacts with hydrogen sulfide to produce iron(III) sulfide and hydrogen chloride:
2 FeCl3 + 3 H2S → Fe2S3 + 6 HCl
The stoichiometric masses for this reaction are:
324.41 g FeCl3, 102.25 g H2S, 207.89 g Fe2S3, 218.77 g HCl
Suppose 90.0 g of FeCl3 reacts with 52.0 g of H2S. To find the limiting reagent and the mass of HCl produced by the reaction, we change the above amounts by a factor of 90/324.41 and obtain the following amounts:
90.00 g FeCl3, 28.37 g H2S, 57.67 g Fe2S3, 60.69 g HCl
The limiting reactant (or reagent) is FeCl3, since all 90.00 g of it is used up while only 28.37 g H2S are consumed. Thus, 52.0 − 28.4 = 23.6 g H2S left in excess. The mass of HCl produced is 60.7 g.
Note: By looking at the stoichiometry of the reaction, one might have guessed FeCl3 being the limiting reactant; three times more FeCl3 is used compared to H2S (324 g vs 102 g).
Different stoichiometries in competing reactions
Often, more than one reaction is possible given the same starting materials. The reactions may differ in their stoichiometry. For example, the methylation of benzene (C6H6), through a Friedel–Crafts reaction using AlCl3 as a catalyst, may produce singly methylated (C6H5CH3), doubly methylated (C6H4(CH3)2), or still more highly methylated (C6H6−n(CH3)n) products, as shown in the following example,
C6H6 + CH3Cl → C6H5CH3 + HCl
C6H6 + 2 CH3Cl → C6H4(CH3)2 + 2 HCl
C6H6 + n CH3Cl → C6H6−n(CH3)n + n HCl
In this example, which reaction takes place is controlled in part by the relative concentrations of the reactants.
Stoichiometric coefficient and stoichiometric number
In lay terms, the stoichiometric coefficient of any given component is the number of molecules and/or formula units that participate in the reaction as written. A related concept is the stoichiometric number (using IUPAC nomenclature), wherein the stoichiometric coefficient is multiplied by +1 for all products and by −1 for all reactants.
For example, in the reaction CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O, the stoichiometric number of CH4 is −1, the stoichiometric number of O2 is −2, for CO2 it would be +1 and for H2O it is +2.
In more technically precise terms, the stoichiometric number in a chemical reaction system of the ith component is defined as
or
where
is the number of molecules of i, and
is the progress variable or extent of reaction.
The stoichiometric number
represents the degree to which a chemical species participates in a reaction. The convention is to assign negative numbers to reactants (which are consumed) and positive ones to products, consistent with the convention that increasing the extent of reaction will correspond to shifting the composition from reactants towards products. However, any reaction may be viewed as going in the reverse direction, and in that point of view, would change in the negative direction in order to lower the system's Gibbs free energy. Whether a reaction actually will go in the arbitrarily selected forward direction or not depends on the amounts of the substances present at any given time, which determines the kinetics and thermodynamics, i.e., whether equilibrium lies to the right or the left of the initial state,
In reaction mechanisms, stoichiometric coefficients for each step are always integers, since elementary reactions always involve whole molecules. If one uses a composite representation of an overall reaction, some may be rational fractions. There are often chemical species present that do not participate in a reaction; their stoichiometric coefficients are therefore zero. Any chemical species that is regenerated, such as a catalyst, also has a stoichiometric coefficient of zero.
The simplest possible case is an isomerization
A → B
in which νB = 1 since one molecule of B is produced each time the reaction occurs, while νA = −1 since one molecule of A is necessarily consumed. In any chemical reaction, not only is the total mass conserved but also the numbers of atoms of each kind are conserved, and this imposes corresponding constraints on possible values for the stoichiometric coefficients.
There are usually multiple reactions proceeding simultaneously in any natural reaction system, including those in biology. Since any chemical component can participate in several reactions simultaneously, the stoichiometric number of the ith component in the kth reaction is defined as
so that the total (differential) change in the amount of the ith component is
Extents of reaction provide the clearest and most explicit way of representing compositional change, although they are not yet widely used.
With complex reaction systems, it is often useful to consider both the representation of a reaction system in terms of the amounts of the chemicals present { Ni } (state variables), and the representation in terms of the actual compositional degrees of freedom, as expressed by the extents of reaction { ξk }. The transformation from a vector expressing the extents to a vector expressing the amounts uses a rectangular matrix whose elements are the stoichiometric numbers [ νi k ].
The maximum and minimum for any ξk occur whenever the first of the reactants is depleted for the forward reaction; or the first of the "products" is depleted if the reaction as viewed as being pushed in the reverse direction. This is a purely kinematic restriction on the reaction simplex, a hyperplane in composition space, or N‑space, whose dimensionality equals the number of linearly-independent chemical reactions. This is necessarily less than the number of chemical components, since each reaction manifests a relation between at least two chemicals. The accessible region of the hyperplane depends on the amounts of each chemical species actually present, a contingent fact. Different such amounts can even generate different hyperplanes, all sharing the same algebraic stoichiometry.
In accord with the principles of chemical kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium, every chemical reaction is reversible, at least to some degree, so that each equilibrium point must be an interior point of the simplex. As a consequence, extrema for the ξs will not occur unless an experimental system is prepared with zero initial amounts of some products.
The number of physically-independent reactions can be even greater than the number of chemical components, and depends on the various reaction mechanisms. For example, there may be two (or more) reaction paths for the isomerism above. The reaction may occur by itself, but faster and with different intermediates, in the presence of a catalyst.
The (dimensionless) "units" may be taken to be molecules or moles. Moles are most commonly used, but it is more suggestive to picture incremental chemical reactions in terms of molecules. The Ns and ξs are reduced to molar units by dividing by the Avogadro constant. While dimensional mass units may be used, the comments about integers are then no longer applicable.
Stoichiometry matrix
In complex reactions, stoichiometries are often represented in a more compact form called the stoichiometry matrix. The stoichiometry matrix is denoted by the symbol N.
If a reaction network has n reactions and m participating molecular species, then the stoichiometry matrix will have correspondingly m rows and n columns.
For example, consider the system of reactions shown below:
S1 → S2
5 S3 + S2 → 4 S3 + 2 S2
S3 → S4
S4 → S5
This system comprises four reactions and five different molecular species. The stoichiometry matrix for this system can be written as:
where the rows correspond to S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively. Note that the process of converting a reaction scheme into a stoichiometry matrix can be a lossy transformation: for example, the stoichiometries in the second reaction simplify when included in the matrix. This means that it is not always possible to recover the original reaction scheme from a stoichiometry matrix.
Often the stoichiometry matrix is combined with the rate vector, v, and the species vector, x to form a compact equation, the biochemical systems equation, describing the rates of change of the molecular species:
Gas stoichiometry
Gas stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship (ratio) between reactants and products in a chemical reaction with reactions that produce gases. Gas stoichiometry applies when the gases produced are assumed to be ideal, and the temperature, pressure, and volume of the gases are all known. The ideal gas law is used for these calculations. Often, but not always, the standard temperature and pressure (STP) are taken as 0 °C and 1 bar and used as the conditions for gas stoichiometric calculations.
Gas stoichiometry calculations solve for the unknown volume or mass of a gaseous product or reactant. For example, if we wanted to calculate the volume of gaseous NO2 produced from the combustion of 100 g of NH3, by the reaction:
4 NH3 (g) + 7 O2 (g) → 4 NO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)
we would carry out the following calculations:
There is a 1:1 molar ratio of NH3 to NO2 in the above balanced combustion reaction, so 5.871 mol of NO2 will be formed. We will employ the ideal gas law to solve for the volume at 0 °C (273.15 K) and 1 atmosphere using the gas law constant of R = 0.08206 L·atm·K−1·mol−1:
Gas stoichiometry often involves having to know the molar mass of a gas, given the density of that gas. The ideal gas law can be re-arranged to obtain a relation between the density and the molar mass of an ideal gas:
and
and thus:
where:
Stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratios of common fuels
In the combustion reaction, oxygen reacts with the fuel, and the point where exactly all oxygen is consumed and all fuel burned is defined as the stoichiometric point. With more oxygen (overstoichiometric combustion), some of it stays unreacted. Likewise, if the combustion is incomplete due to lack of sufficient oxygen, fuel remains unreacted. (Unreacted fuel may also remain because of slow combustion or insufficient mixing of fuel and oxygen – this is not due to stoichiometry). Different hydrocarbon fuels have different contents of carbon, hydrogen and other elements, thus their stoichiometry varies.
Note that oxygen makes up only 20.95% of the volume of air, and only 23.20% of its mass. The air-fuel ratios listed below are much higher than the equivalent oxygen-fuel ratios, due to the high proportion of inert gasses in the air.
Gasoline engines can run at stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio, because gasoline is quite volatile and is mixed (sprayed or carburetted) with the air prior to ignition. Diesel engines, in contrast, run lean, with more air available than simple stoichiometry would require. Diesel fuel is less volatile and is effectively burned as it is injected.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_continuum_photons"}
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Photons emitted from stars at photon energies above the Lyman limit
Lyman continuum photons (abbrev. LyC), shortened to Ly continuum photons or Lyc photons, are the photons emitted from stars at photon energies above the Lyman limit. Hydrogen is ionized by absorbing LyC. Working from Victor Schumann's discovery of ultraviolet light, from 1906 to 1914, Theodore Lyman observed that atomic hydrogen absorbs light only at specific frequencies (or wavelengths) and the Lyman series is thus named after him. All the wavelengths in the Lyman series are in the ultraviolet band. This quantized absorption behavior occurs only up to an energy limit, known as the ionization energy. In the case of neutral atomic hydrogen, the minimum ionization energy is equal to the Lyman limit, where the photon has enough energy to completely ionize the atom, resulting in a free proton and a free electron. Above this energy (below this wavelength), all wavelengths of light may be absorbed. This forms a continuum in the energy spectrum; the spectrum is continuous rather than composed of many discrete lines, which are seen at lower energies.
The Lyman limit is at the wavelength of 91.2 nm (912 Å), corresponding to a frequency of 3.29 million GHz and a photon energy of 13.6 eV. LyC energies are mostly in the ultraviolet C portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (see Lyman series). Although X-rays and gamma-rays will also ionize a hydrogen atom, there are far fewer of them emitted from a star's photosphere—LyC are predominantly UV-C. The photon absorption process leading to the ionization of atomic hydrogen can occur in reverse: an electron and a proton can collide and form atomic hydrogen. If the two particles were traveling slowly (so that kinetic energy can be ignored), then the photon the atom emits upon its creation will theoretically be 13.6 eV (in reality, the energy will be less if the atom is formed in an excited state). At faster speeds, the excess (kinetic) energy is radiated (but momentum must be conserved) as photons of lower wavelength (higher energy). Therefore, photons with energies above 13.6 eV are emitted by the combination of energetic protons and electrons forming atomic hydrogen, and emission from photoionized hydrogen.
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Australian businessman (1950–2121)
Life and career
Sharpe was a joint managing director of Industrial Holdings Pty Ltd. He was a former Chairman of the NSW Branch of the Order of Australia Association. Sharpe was a carpenter, a licensed commercial builder, a licensed mechanic and built a career in the field of civil engineering. Throughout his life he was involved in civil infrastructure and road maintenance through the Sharpe family business. Ron Sharpe was the Founding Chairman of the Road Profiling Association of Australia, which evolved to become a part of the Australian Asphalt Pavement Association. As part of the celebration of AAPA's 40th anniversary in 2009, he was recognised for his services to the industry.
In November 2009, a book by Margaret Hardy titled Significant Men of the Central Coast was launched and included Ron Sharpe and his sons; who were mentioned for their involvement in providing support to community groups through donations, partnerships, volunteering and community sponsorships.
Sharpe was a member of the Umina Apex Club and was awarded Life Membership in 1990. He helped raise funds for a number of causes including the Surf Rescue Helicopter and the Royal Volunteer Coastal Patrol. He was involved with the Salvation Army throughout his life, being a member of the Salvation Army Band, building the Salvation Army Hall at Umina with his father and being chairperson for the Peninsula Red Shield Appeal.
Ron Sharpe was a chairman and regional coordinator of the New South Wales State Committee of the Order of Australia Association.
Honours
In January 2005, Sharpe was named Citizen of the Year for the City of Gosford and on Australia Day 2006, he was awarded an Order of Australia (OAM) in recognition of his service to the community of the Gosford region through a range of service and social welfare organisations.
Letter of condolence from the governor-general of Australia
Upon Sharpe's death, David Hurly, the governor-general of Australia, released a letter of condolence.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarkets"}
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Smarkets is a UK-based betting exchange company founded in 2008. It has offices in London, Los Angeles, and Malta.
History
Smarkets was founded in 2008 by Jason Trost and Hunter Morris as a peer-to-peer platform that allowed its users to bet on various sports and political markets.
Smarkets became Queens Park Rangers F.C.'s front-of-shirt sponsor in June 2016, and in January 2018, announced that it was working with The Jockey Club to sponsor 35 race days in the 2018 calendar.
Smarkets was named the City A.M. Leap 100 Company of the Year for 2017, and came second on the 2017 Sunday Times Tech Track 100 list.
Salary culture
The company notably initiated a wiki-like salary policy; the employees could view salaries of all of their peers, including the company CEO, on an internal wiki page. The company has a self-set salary policy, which authorises employees to decide their own salary as often as every six months. This process is similar to a peer-review process carried out at designated times during the year.
Political predication markets
During the 2020 US presidential election, Smarkets was one of a number of companies that carried political prediction markets that provided live odds during the campaign and while the vote was still being counted. The company's final Electoral College forecast on election day notably outperformed the leading poll-aggregation models.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garde_Le_Pour_Toi"}
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2014 single by Paradis
"Garde Le Pour Toi" ("Keep It to Yourself") is the first single released by Parisian duo Paradis and is the debut release by Paradis via Barclay. Merging elements of house and pop, the song focuses heavily on a techno bassline fusing pop song melodies. After being published online on June 11, 2014, the song was an instant hit with over half a million plays on SoundCloud alone.
Music video
The music video produced by director Daniel Brereton focuses on the natural environment, a creative and well known aspect of the London-based director's work.
Production
The song was produced by Simon Mény and Pierre Rousseau at Studio Clavel in Paris and mixed by Julien Delfaud.
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e2c3b8d4-cef2-4bb3-8a73-df0da29d84e6
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_Plastic_Surgery"}
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Academic journal
Annals of Plastic Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery. It is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and the editor-in-chief is William C. Lineaweaver (Joseph M. Still Burn and Reconstructive Center, Brandon, Mississippi, United States).
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in CAB Abstracts, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, Embase, Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 1.448.
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b3899a5f-b0dd-479d-a6c0-f0798f14a0cf
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Zombie"}
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2007 American film
American Zombie is a 2007 American mockumentary horror film directed by Grace Lee, written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and Lee, and starring Lee and John Solomon as documentary filmmakers who investigate a fictional subculture of real-life zombies living in Los Angeles.
Plot
John Solomon, a documentary filmmaker, recruits Grace Lee to investigate the zombie subculture of Los Angeles. Solomon is convinced that the zombies are dangerous and wishes to expose them, but Lee takes a more sympathetic view. Zombies are divided into three different categories: the feral, Romero-style zombies that exhibit no sentience; low-functioning zombies that can work simple menial jobs, such as sweatshops; and high-functioning zombies that do not retain their memories or personality but can pass as human. At first open and welcoming, the zombies become evasive and warn the documentary crew away from a private ceremony at an upcoming zombie festival. There, the crew discovers that the rumors of cannibalism are not simply an ignorant cultural stereotype.
Cast
Production
The film was inspired by director Grace Lee's previous documentary work and the violent dreams that one of Lee's friends had been having. Lee wanted to make a satire about documentary filmmaking, identity politics, and life in Los Angeles.
Release
American Zombie premiered at Slamdance Film Festival on January 18, 2007. It also screened at SXSW and Sitges Film Festival. On March 28, 2008, it got a limited theatrical release. To publicize the release, Lee and members of the cast recreated artistic elements of the show, including a zombie art showing and zines. It was released on DVD on July 8, 2008. American Zombie is the first English-language film distributed by iHQ.
Reception
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 72% of 18 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 6.5/10. Bloody Disgusting rated the film 2.5/5 stars and said that the climax invalidates the biting satire that comes before it. Dennis Harvey of Variety called the film mildly amusing and tepid compared to much better zombie spoofs, which he said are played out. Steve Barton of Dread Central rated the film 3.5/5 stars and said the film "will keep you laughing and also send the shivers. It's one of the most unique living dead experiences you're likely to have for some time to come." However, Barton criticized the ending as "a very flaccid exclamation point on an otherwise ambitious experience." Tom Becker of DVD Verdict wrote that it is "a funny and original faux documentary that works as a social satire as well as a send up of the horror subgenre made famous by George Romero." Heather Seebach of Shock Till You Drop wrote that it "provides a clever idea with elements of social commentary and self-parody." J. R. Jones of the Chicago Reader said that while almost nothing in the film is original, Lee "smoothly steers the narrative from farce to suspense." In a mixed review, Stephen Farber of The Hollywood Reporter said that "the satire is highly uneven, and the whole enterprise is a bit too drawn out to retain its irreverent momentum." Academic Peter Dendle called the film a "discerning, carefully thought out contribution to the genre" that "is never reducible to a preachy, thinly veiled metaphor". Author Eric Hamako wrote that the film "portrays conservative rhetoric that the Other does not deserve civil rights and will only use those rights to further their attempts to destroy society."
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26888a57-36a9-412f-b700-0cb81663ac79
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senator_Claghorn"}
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Fictional character debuting in The Fred Allen Show
Senator Beauregard Claghorn was a popular fictional radio character on the "Allen's Alley" segment of The Fred Allen Show, beginning in 1945. Succeeding the vaguely similar but much less popular Senator Bloat from the earliest "Allen's Alley" routines, Senator Claghorn, portrayed by Allen's announcer Kenny Delmar, was a blustery Southern politician whose home was usually the first at which Allen would knock. Claghorn would typically answer the door with, "Somebody, ah say, somebody knocked! Claghorn's the name, Senator Claghorn, that is. I'm from the South. Suh."
Description
Claghorn had an unshakable obsession with the South, and would happily complain about the North in dry ways. For instance, the Senator refused to ever wear a "Union suit" or drive through the Lincoln Tunnel when he visited New York City, and he claimed to drink only out of Dixie cups. At one point when asked which state he represented, he noted it was in the Gulf of Mexico, south of Alabama. The senator even rebuked Fred Allen for saying the word "no" in his presence, saying "N-O.. That's North abbreviated!!"
Some of the senator's other quotes include:
When Allen was finally able to speak to the senator, he would ask him a topical question, to which Claghorn would respond with a rapid stream of talk, shouting, repetition and puns. After a quip, the senator would laugh uproariously and utter one of his two catchphrases: "That's a joke, son!" or "Pay attention now, boy!" Claghorn would also make frequent jabs at Allen using colorful analogies that often resulted in loud laughter from the studio audience.
Delmar debuted Claghorn on Allen's broadcast of October 7, 1945, and the character remained until 1949, when the series transitioned from "Allen's Alley" to a "Main Street" segment to accommodate Allen's final sponsor, Ford. In one episode, Allen asked the senator how he was treating his insomnia, and the senator replied that he had sung himself to sleep with a southern lullaby:
"Rock-a-bye small fry, on the cotton tree top,
when the Southern wind blows, your cradle will rock,
when the wind's from the North, I say, baby you'll bawl,
for down will come cradle, tree and you all!"
In another exchange, Allen asked Claghorn whether Washington was helping to reduce an epidemic of colds afflicting the country. Claghorn responded: "The senate, I say the senate reconvened just in time. I was glad to see Senator [George] Aiken back. Achin' back! That's a joke, son." Further discussion regarding cold remedies resulted in this exchange:
Claghorn: I had a cold last week like to ruin my filibuster.
Allen: Ruin your filibuster? Well what did- (chuckling) what did you do?
Claghorn: I took an old Southern remedy, son. I drank down two buckets of hot mint julep.
Allen: (astonished) You drank two buckets of hot mint julep and you still held the floor?
Claghorn: Held the floor?! Son, I couldn't get up off'n it!
Allen's interview with Claghorn generally ended with him bellowing "So long! So long, that is!!" (usually over laughter and applause from the audience)
At the height of its popularity, the character was often mentioned or parodied on other programs, especially that of Allen's rival Jack Benny, with Phil Harris usually playing the part. Delmar made a guest appearance on The Jack Benny Program in the role on February 12, 1950, months after Allen's show had ended. The most famous parody is the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes animated character Foghorn Leghorn.
Outside of radio
The Claghorn character also appeared in other media. Delmar played the character in commercials, on two records (I Love You, That Is and That's a Joke, Son), and a 1947 theatrical film titled It's a Joke, Son! with costar Una Merkel as Mrs. Claghorn. The film's plot involves the senator running for office against his wife. It's a Joke, Son! was produced on an unusually low $650,000 budget and suffered from poor box-office receipts, causing it to be pulled from some theaters after less than a week.
Delmar played a thinly veiled version of Claghorn, retitled Senator Hominy Smith, in the Broadway musical Texas Li'l Darlin. After Warner Bros. copyrighted Foghorn Leghorn, Delmar required the studio's permission to play the character elsewhere. In the 1960s, Delmar took his characterization and catchphrases back as the voice of the Hunter, a character on the animated series King Leonardo and His Short Subjects.
Dave Sim adopted the same speech patterns for Elrod the Albino, a character in his independent comic book Cerebus the Aardvark, but it is unknown whether the voice derived directly from Claghorn or from Foghorn Leghorn.
Sources
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007e7073-39ee-41d0-aa71-57b0a263cf80
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American model (born 1945)
Joey Gibson (born August 11, 1945) is an American model who was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its June 1967 issue. Her centerfold (shot on a beach while building a sandcastle in the nude) was photographed by Peter Gowland.
In the aftermath of Gibson's centerfold appearance it was revealed that she had been convicted on prostitution charges in Santa Monica, California. Esquire magazine presented her with one of its Dubious Achievement Awards. The accompanying caption read "for Joey Gibson 1967 was a year of both promise and travail."
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477c8824-4667-43f7-80df-41dcc30e6504
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_court"}
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Look up service court or service box in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Service court or service box is the area the served object must land in certain racket sports such as:
Topics referred to by the same term
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bcb33249-b0d0-47a5-bcaf-9507be071553
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essebt"}
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Commune and town in Skikda Province, Algeria
Essebt is a town and commune in Skikda Province in north-eastern Algeria.
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da9f6d8a-7c52-41ae-beef-ebb1ba9b9f00
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinanthus"}
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Genus of flowering plants
Clinanthus is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, found in western South America, from Ecuador to north west Argentina.
Species include:
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0ec13d19-816b-4e56-bdf5-bef41dbfe8be
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdoparvovirus"}
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Genus of viruses
Amdoparvovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Parvoviridae in the subfamily Parvovirinae. Mustelids (minks, ferrets, and foxes), skunk, and raccoons serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include progressive disorder of immune system.
Taxonomy
The following five species are assigned to the genus:
Structure
Viruses in the genus Amdoparvovirus have non-enveloped protein particles with T=1 icosahedral symmetry. They are around 18 to 26 nm in diameter and contain a single linear single-stranded DNA genome around 4.8 kb in length.
Life cycle
Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediate clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the rolling-hairpin model. DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus may exit the host cell by vesicular trafficking following nuclear pore export or be released following cell lysis. Mustelids, skunk, and raccoons serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are oral and respiratory.
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9a2399c2-c945-4c44-a934-654f657e52aa
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1914 American film
The Widow's Investment is a 1914 American silent short drama film starring Charlotte Burton, Sydney Ayres, Jack Richardson, Perry Banks, Edith Borella, Caroline Cooke, Vivian Rich, and Harry Van Meter.
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4d1a810e-28dd-4361-b6e0-0ea2d810a120
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Former airport in Massachusetts
Lowell Airport was an airfield operational in the mid-20th century in Lowell, Massachusetts. The airport hosted the Moth Aircraft Corp. of Lowell, where 179 de Havilland Moth planes were manufactured under license between 1929 and 1931.
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c0e1124c-d6db-4350-b742-b8c2907a8163
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Selo in Republic of Buryatia, Russia
Verkhny Zhirim (Russian: Верхний Жирим) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tarbagataysky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 964 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.
Geography
Verkhny Zhirim is located 27 km southwest of Tarbagatay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Barykino is the nearest rural locality.
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ad16aca6-5f48-49c8-a759-605ffb7f5543
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Covert"}
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American runner
Mark Covert (born November 17, 1950) is an American runner. He is believed to maintain the second-longest streak of running every day in the world. Covert's running streak began on July 23, 1968, just after his senior year at Burbank High School in Burbank, California, and continued for exactly 45 years. Due to a chronic foot injury, Covert announced that he would end his streak after exactly 45 years on July 23, 2013 and he did as promised. His is the longest streak recorded by the United States Running Streak Association, followed closely by Jon Sutherland, who began less than a year after Covert. However, British runner Ron Hill is believed to have the longest continuous streak.
Covert has also run in competition, earning seventh place with a time of 2:23:35 in the 1972 US Olympic marathon trials. During those trials, Covert (then a runner for Fullerton State College) was the only surviving member of a pack of eight lesser-known runners to try to follow the blistering pace of Kenny Moore and eventual gold-medalist Frank Shorter, all the others failed to finish the race. By virtue of that race, he also claims the distinction of being the first person to cross a finish line wearing Nike brand shoes. In 1992 he was named to Nike's Hall of Fame.
Also while at Fullerton, he won the 1970 Division II NCAA Men's Cross Country Championship. He was part of their 1971 National Championship team. His personal best in the mile is 4:09 minutes, and he has run over 151,000 miles in total.
Between his time at Burbank and Fullerton, Covert attended Los Angeles Valley College, where he was coached by László Tábori. He was part of their 1968 State Championship Cross Country team. Later on the track. he set the still standing National Community College record for the 6 mile run at 28:53. American track governing bodies switched their measurement standards from Imperial measurements to metric by the early 1980s. In 2009, he was elected into the Los Angeles Valley College Hall of Fame.
In 2012, Cal State Fullerton named their early season Cross Country meet, the Mark Covert Classic
Covert has been Head Cross Country and Track and Field Coach at Antelope Valley College in Lancaster, California since 1990.
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08e42ca5-efb6-4037-ad66-924ea69e550d
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The Academic Performance Index (API) was a measurement of academic performance and progress of individual schools in California, United States. The API was one of the main components of the Public Schools Accountability Act passed by the California State Legislature in 1999. It was last updated for the 2012–2013 school year, an on March 15, 2017, the California State Board of Education and the California Department of Education launched a new accountability system to replace the Academic Performance Index to better measure California's education goals. The replacement reporting interface is the California School Dashboard.
API scores
Numeric Index
A numeric API score ranged from a low of 200 to a high of 1000. The interim statewide API performance target for all schools was 800.[when?] A school's growth was measured by how well it was moving toward or past that goal.
An API score was calculated for all students in a school as well as numerous API scores for each subgroup at the school (such as by race, English Learner Status, students with disabilities, and socioeconomically disadvantaged pupils).
Rankings
The API Statewide Rank score ranked a school with all schools in California based on API score, while the API Similar Schools score ranked a school with 100 other schools in the state with similar demographic profiles (including parent education level, poverty level, student mobility, student ethnicity).
Each rank ranged from 1 to 10, with a score of 10 meaning that the school's API fell into the top 10%.
Indicator of performance
A school's score or placement on the API was designed to be an indicator of a school's performance level and was calculated annually by the California Department of Education, primarily based on CST and CAHSEE tests.
Due to the API's heavy reliance on standardized testing (although some factors such as attendance and graduation rates were considered), many criticisms of standardized testing could also be leveled at the reliability and accuracy of API scores as an indicator of a school's level of "academic achievement."
Accountability
The API was closely tied to monetary and incentive awards by setting Annual Percent Growth Targets for each school and whether the school met or exceeded this goal. The Public Schools Accountability Act also established The Immediate Intervention/Underperforming Schools Program and the Governor's High Achieving/Improving Schools Program.
In addition, the API was used to determine Adequate Yearly Progress as a part of the No Child Left Behind Act.
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6b53e6a3-411f-4839-b763-3e4a730b02fe
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velebit_Pumped_Storage_Power_Plant"}
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Dam in Obrovac, Zadar County
Velebit Pumped Storage Power Plant (Croatian: Reverzibilna hidroelektrana Velebit) is a pumped-storage power plant in Croatia that has two turbines with a nominal capacity of 138 megawatts (185,000 hp) each, having a total capacity of 276 megawatts (370,000 hp). As of 2015[update], it was one of three operational pumped-storage power plants in Croatia.
The plant was designed by Elektroprojekt, Projektni Biro and Geoexpert, and constructed by Industrogradnja, Konstruktor, Hidroelektra, Pomgrad and Geotehnika.
Turbines
Sources
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324a0629-691b-4323-b4cd-dda122f5b4ab
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English cricketer
Edward David Fursdon (born 20 December 1952) is an English former cricketer. He is the current Lord Lieutenant of Devon.
Early life, military service and cricket
The son of Major General Francis William Edward Fursdon and his wife, Joan Rosemary Worssam, David Fursdon was born in December 1952 at Bitchet Green, Kent. He was educated at Sherborne School. After leaving Sherborne, Fursdon was commissioned into the 6th Gurkha Rifles as a second lieutenant in February 1972, where he served in Brunei and British Hong Kong. He had previously won a scholarship to the University of Oxford, where he studied at St John's College from October 1972-July 1975.
While studying at Oxford, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Gloucestershire at Oxford in 1973. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1975, making sixteen appearances. Playing as an all-rounder, he scored 479 runs for Oxford at an average of 22.80 and a top score of 112 not out, which was his only first-class century and came against Cambridge University in The University Match of 1975. With his right-arm medium-fast bowling, he took 37 wickets at a bowling average of 35.94, with best figures of 4 for 13. He also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricket team against the touring Indians in 1974, taking his career best bowling figures of 6 for 60 during the first innings of the match. In addition to playing first-class cricket while at Oxford, he also made four List A one-day appearances for the Combined Universities cricket team which defeated two first class counties in the 1975 Benson & Hedges Cup. He gained two cricket blues while at Oxford.
Civil service, teaching and later life
After graduating from Oxford, Fursdon joined the Civil Service, working at the Ministry of Defence in the Navy Department and on nuclear disarmament and as part of a British delegation at a United Nations Conference on Disarmament in Geneva in 1979. Fursdon left the civil service in 1979 and transferred to Devon to take on the challenge of resuscitating the Fursdon Estate. To help this he firstly became a teacher at Blundell's School, serving subsequently on the school's board of governors for 27 years, the last 11 as Chairman. He played minor counties cricket for Devon in 1981, making four appearances in the Minor Counties Championship.
After attending the Royal Agricultural University (RAU) in 1984/6 (becoming an honorary Fellow in 2016), he qualified as a rural surveyor and worked as an equity partner; land agent and property auctioneer at Stags until 2003. He was Board Chairman (2003-5) and then President (2005-7) of the Country Land and Business Association (CLA), was a Commissioner of the Affordable Rural Housing Commission in 2005/6 and was a member of the Board of both the Crown Estate (2008-16) and English Heritage (2010-14).
He volunteered as chairman of the SW Board for the London 2012 Olympic Games which oversaw the torch relay in the SW and the sailing competition at Weymouth and Portland; as chair of the DEFRA/Industry Future of Farming Review in 2013 looking at opportunities for New Entrants in Agriculture and as Chair of the SW Rural Productivity Commission for the four SW LEPs in 2015. Other voluntary roles include Trustee on the Board of the National Trust (from 2016); Trustee of the Prince's Countryside Fund (from 2019), rural non-executive for the Duchy of Cornwall (from 2008) and initially working on the agricultural skills agenda and then as the first Chairman of TIAH (The Institute for Agriculture and Horticulture).
In 2014 he became Chairman of Dyson Farming and in 2017, a Commissioner and subsequently (2019) a Trustee of the Food, Farming and Countryside Commission.
He was awarded an honorary DSc at Harper Adams University in 2017; appointed High Sheriff of Devon for 2009/10 and the Lord Lieutenant of Devon from 2015. With his wife, Catriona, he has three sons and five grandchildren.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_(Grotus_album)"}
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1991 studio album by Grotus
Brown is the debut studio album of the industrial rock band Grotus. It was released in 1991 by Spirit Music Industries.
Track listing
All lyrics are written by Lars Fox; all music is composed by Grotus, except "Las Vegas Power Grid" and "Full Metal Grotus", which are co-written with Marc Henry.
Personnel
Adapted from the Brown liner notes.
Release history
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f4b84102-ea09-4385-874c-2193ef38dfe0
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Schr%C3%B6der_(physician)"}
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Johann Schröder (1600, Bad Salzuflen – 1664) was a German physician and pharmacologist who was the first person to recognise that arsenic was an element. In 1649, he produced the elemental form of arsenic by heating its oxide, and published two methods for its preparation.
Works
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8553ab22-469f-46bc-ae1f-c1cc1d5f70eb
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C4%85dnik,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship"}
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Village in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
Prądnik [ˈprɔndnik] (German: Hauswerder) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Myślibórz, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
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68453cb3-d6d6-4cfe-9ec8-ffda99ecd651
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Millar_Wind_Farm"}
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The Mount Millar Wind Farm is situated on an escarpment between the towns of Cowell and Cleve on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. The 35 wind turbines are positioned on the elongated Mount Millar site (about 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) in length) to maximise wind exposure. The wind farm can generate up to 70 megawatts (MW) of electricity and provide enough energy to meet the needs of about 36,000 typical households.
The Mount Millar Wind Farm was the first wind farm in South Australia to use direct drive turbines that don't have gear boxes. It connects to ElectraNet’s existing transmission network at Yadnarie Substation, via a new 33 km 132 kV overhead transmission line and substation.
Construction of this wind farm started in late 2004 and was completed in December 2005. Power production started in February 2006. The $130 million project was developed by Tarong Energy and in 2007 sold to Transfield Services. In 2010 it was purchased by Meridian Energy.
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0cfc1c4d-91cb-4076-9314-38ee922c00f9
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowd-e_Banushir"}
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Village in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
Gowd-e Banushir (Persian: گودبنوشير, also Romanized as Gowd-e Banūshīr; also known as Gowd-e Banashīr) is a village in Barez Rural District, Manj District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 4 families.
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c1b166a1-aa67-4f64-baac-72dcce198d4b
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Coyne"}
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Musical artist
Kevin Coyne (27 January 1944 – 2 December 2004) was an English musician, singer, composer, film-maker, and a writer of lyrics, stories and poems. The "anti-star" was born in Derby, Derbyshire, England, and died in his adopted home of Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
Coyne is notable for his unorthodox style of blues-influenced guitar composition, the intense quality of his vocal delivery, and his bold treatment, in his lyrics, of injustice to the mentally ill. Many influential musicians have described themselves as Coyne fans, among them Sting and John Lydon. In the mid-1970s, prior to the formation of the Police, Coyne's band included guitarist Andy Summers. Prominent BBC disc jockey and world music authority Andy Kershaw described Coyne as "a national treasure who keeps getting better" and as one of the great British blues voices.
Over many years Coyne produced the distinctive art work for many of his own album covers but his move to Germany, in the 1980s, saw his work on full-size paintings blossom in its own right.
Early days
As a teenager and young adult Coyne studied at the Joseph Wright School of Art from 1957 to 1961 and then studied graphics and painting at Derby School of Art from 1961 to 1965. There he met Nick Cudworth (piano, acoustic guitar). His love of American bluesmen developed, as did his song-craft and his guitar and vocal talents.
At the conclusion of his arts training, Coyne began the work that would change him forever – he spent the three years, from 1965 to 1968, working as a social therapist and psychiatric nurse at Whittingham Hospital near Preston in Lancashire and then for "The Soho Project" in London as a drugs counsellor. During this period of working with the mentally ill he performed regularly. Subsequently, his musical aspirations took precedence and he signed a record deal in 1969.
Joined by Dave Clague (bass, acoustic guitar, ex-Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band), Coyne's band got an early break as a result of a demo heard by John Peel, who in 1969 signed them to his Dandelion Records label. At first billed as Coyne-Clague (an early Dandelion release erroneously named them just "Clague"), the band soon altered its name to Siren. Reviewing the band's 1971 LP Strange Locomotion, Robert Christgau wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981): "Like Fleetwood Mac, this is British blues that neither chokes on false roots nor enmires itself in boogie reductionism. Kevin Coyne's humorously belligerent drawl embodies the band's wit and its punk chauvinism. Mistake: 'Fetch Me My Woman,' which (second mistake) goes on for 7:40."
An established artist
In 1973 he appeared on the BBC's The Old Grey Whistle Test, performing "I Want My Crown" and "House on the Hill" with guitarist Gordon Smith and percussionist Chilli Charles. In 1975 Coyne and his band performed at the alternative festival held to protest against the Eurovision Song Contest 1975 in Stockholm; footage from the concert was later released as the 1976 film Musikfilmen.
In late 1975 and 1976 Coyne completed the musical England, England, written with playwright Snoo Wilson, and described as "an evocation of the Kray twins". The musical, directed by Dusty Hughes, was performed on stage in August 1977 at the Jeannetta Cochrane Theatre, in Holborn, London. It was one of the first theatre pieces to reference the fascist associations of a kind of British nationalism that later became more prevalent with the rise of the National Front and the election of Margaret Thatcher. From 18 August to 24 September 1977 it played at the Bush Theatre in Shepherd's Bush.
In 1978 Coyne collaborated with fellow Derby Art School graduate Ian Breakwell to produce the film The Institution based on Breakwell's Artist Placement Group work at Rampton Secure Hospital in Nottinghamshire.
Early in his career, Coyne turned down a meeting with founder of Elektra Records Jac Holzman (Coyne's band Siren were on Elektra in America) to discuss replacing Jim Morrison in the Doors. "I didn't like the leather trousers!" was Coynes' alleged reason.
Coyne's first solo album Case History (1972), primarily with just his own voice and guitar, was powerful and direct, was recorded for Peel's Dandelion label. When Dandelion ceased to exist, the album largely sank into obscurity. But not before it had come to the attention of Virgin Records, who were sufficiently impressed to sign Coyne and release his 1973 album Marjory Razorblade. The single "Marlene" (b/w "Everybody Says"), taken from the album and released in August 1973, was the first Virgin single.
Coyne was the second artist signed to Virgin Records, after Mike Oldfield, where he continued his uncompromising stance. It was this attitude that endeared him to label-mates such as John Lydon, who played "Eastbourne Ladies" on a Desert Island Discs–type show, and the Mekons, who recorded his "Having a Party", a scathing attack on Richard Branson. Described as being musically "... a mixture of blues and music hall comedy, with a punk edge", the 1973 album contained many notable songs, such as the bitter and irreverent "Eastbourne Ladies" and the plaintive "House on the Hill" about life in a psychiatric institution. It was the record that was to be largely responsible for putting Coyne on the map of mainstream rock.
Another Virgin album release, Babble, by Coyne and singer Dagmar Krause, courted controversy when Coyne suggested, in the theatre presentation of the piece, that the destructive relationship between the two lovers could have been based on The Moors Murderers. Two performances at the Theatre Royal in Stratford, London were cancelled at short notice by Newham Council following negative press reports in The Sun and the Evening Standard. The show was eventually staged, for four nights, at the Oval House in Kennington. Reviewing the show for the NME, Paul Du Noyer wrote:
"Babble" is a particularly thorough, painstaking exploration of the reality of one relationship, stripped of romance and artifice. The format employed is correspondingly stark. Against a stage-set of light-bulb, table and chairs Coyne and his partner Dagmar Krause stand at either side; the only accompaniment comes from Bob Ward and Brian Godding, playing electric and acoustic guitar in the gloom behind.
American singer/songwriter Will Oldham claimed that the Babble album had "changed my life" and he recorded two of the songs himself. Oldham also went on to form a side project called The Babblers – who strictly played covers of songs from Babble. Extracts from a performance of Babble, in Berlin, were included in the short German film Herz Aus Feuer (1979) by Claudia Strauven and Wolfgang Kraesze.
The album Politicz, featuring Peter Kirtley on guitar and Steve Bull on keyboards, was released in 1982. AllMusic's reviewer Dean McFarlane described the album as "One of the British singer/songwriter's more outwardly experimental records, this album contains some of his most intimate work, deeply personal songs and techniques which were taking him further and further away from tradition... strictly a post-punk album with a humorous political agenda". The same year Coyne appeared in concert with his band (Kirtley and Bull augmented by Steve Lamb on bass and Dave Wilson on drums), live in front of the Berlin Wall at the Tempodrom. The concert was later issued on the 2008 DVD At the Last Wall (Dockland Productions, Meyer Records).
Nuremberg
Following a nervous breakdown and increasing difficulties with drink, Coyne left the UK in 1985. He settled in Nuremberg, West Germany and having given up alcohol, never stopped recording and touring, as well as writing books and exhibiting his paintings. A selection of Coyne's writings, including many of his poems, can be viewed on the internet.
Coyne's move to Germany saw his writing and painting career truly blossom. He published four books, two of which, Showbusiness and Party Dress, were published by Serpent's Tail in London. There were numerous exhibitions of his visual work throughout Europe and the response was reassuringly strong. Those in Berlin, Amsterdam and Zürich being particularly well reviewed and attended. The paintings gained some notoriety and still attract commercial attention today.
In the late 1980s Coyne acted on stage, playing the small part of a rock star in Linie Eins (Line One), a German musical, at the Nuremberg Opera House, but appearing only at the very end of the play. His 1995 album, The Adventures of Crazy Frank, was based on a stage musical about English comedian Frank Randle – with Coyne in the title role. It also starred the singer Julia Kempken who was erroneously listed in the Guardian obituary as Kevin's wife. Kempken later wrote fondly of this mistake, suggesting that her performance on stage as Randle's wife had been so strong as to transform her, in the eyes of the press, into Kevin's actual wife. In reality Kevin married only twice, first to Lesley and second to Helmi, having another relationship between the two which saw the birth of his son Nico.
In Germany his sons from his first marriage, Eugene and Robert, appeared on recordings such as Tough And Sweet (1993) and Sugar Candy Taxi (1999), with guitarist and multi-instrumentalist Robert joining his band. His later German recordings, including Knocking on Your Brain (1997) often featured the "Paradise Band". In later years he also collaborated with Brendan Croker on Life Is Almost Wonderful, with Jon Langford of the Mekons (on One Day in Chicago) and with Gary Lucas once of Captain Beefheart's Magic Band (on Knocking on Your Brain). A reunion with original Siren members Dave Clague and Nick Cudworth happened for a John Peel's Dandelion Records DVD, alongside solo performances by Coyne. Siren performed all material for the film without any prior rehearsals.[citation needed]
In a 2004 interview with Frank Bangay, Coyne named his favourite blues musicians as Robert Johnson, Leroy Carr, Peetie Wheatstraw and Tommy McClennan
Death
Diagnosed with lung fibrosis in 2002, Coyne died peacefully at his home. He is survived by his wife Helmi and his sons Eugene, Robert and Nico.
His wife Helmi intends to continue releasing recordings Coyne made in his last years, on his own Turpentine Records label. The first was Underground (2006).
2007 tributes
In 2007, the Nightingales recorded a version of "Good Boy" for their album Out of True, Jackie Leven recorded a song about Coyne on his album Oh What A Blow The Phantom Dealt Me!, and "Here Come The Urban Ravens" featured on the album, Whispers From The Offing – A Tribute to Kevin Coyne, put together by Coyne's friend Frank Bangay.
The full track listing for the CD version of the album was:
In 2008 Swiss performance artist Pipilotti Rist produced a video in which she mimes "Jackie and Edna" against the background of various images, including film taken from a moving train. This video was exhibited in Helsinki's Kiasma Gallery in January 2012 as part of the "Thank you for the Music" exhibition.
Critical appraisal
Although Coyne has been neglected by popular music historians and academics, George McKay's 2013 book Shakin' All Over: Popular Music and Disability, features a critical discussion of Coyne's work. The book opens with an epigraph from Coyne: 'anything that rhymes with "me"' (from the song "Fat Girl" as performed on the 1977 album In Living Black and White). Describing him as 'the great lost English singer-songwriter' with his 'social-work approach to pop', McKay discusses the 1978 song "Having a Party" in the context of songs about the destructive economy of the pop industry. He also notes Coyne's 'anti-star' status and his innovative 'anti'-guitar playing: "Not being able, or electing not, to play the instrument "properly", and hearing other voices while singing: there is something culturally disabling about each of these artistic choices, quite apart from the lyrical terrain".
On 15 June 2017 Coyne was commemorated with the unveiling of a blue plaque at the University of Derby Art School.
In January 2018, an exhibition of Coyne's work was staged at the city gallery Alte Feuerwache in Amberg An exhibition, accompanied by a 70-page catalogue, compiled by Stefan Voit, was held from 9 June to 5 August 2018, at the Städtische Galerie Cordonhaus in Cham.
Discography
Albums
Solo and with his band
With Siren
With Dagmar Krause
Singles
Books
DVDs
Film
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben_H._Fleet"}
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Reuben Hollis Fleet (March 6, 1887 – October 29, 1975) was an American aviation pioneer, industrialist and army officer. Fleet founded and led several corporations, including Consolidated Aircraft.
Birth and early career
Fleet was born on March 6, 1887, to Lillian Waite and David Fleet in Montesano, Washington. The Fleets were a prosperous family; David Fleet was city engineer and county auditor for Montesano, and owned large tracts of land in the Washington Territory. He also served as the city clerk. Reuben grew up in Grays Harbor, Washington. The Panic of 1893 wiped out the land holdings of the Fleets and the family lived in much diminished conditions from the time Reuben was six until he was thirteen.
At 15, Fleet attended Culver Military Academy where his uncle, Alexander Fleet, was superintendent. He spent his fourth and final year at the academy as the editor-in-chief of the cadet newspaper, the C.M.A. Vedette. Culver provided the equivalent of an associate degree, and after his graduation Fleet intended to continue his education at Stanford University.
Deciding against going to Stanford immediately, in 1907 Fleet returned home, where he took the state teachers examination and began teaching all grades from first through eighth. After a number of months, Fleet set himself up as a realtor and resigned from teaching. It was also during this time that Fleet joined the Washington National Guard, as captain.
In 1908, with a loan from Montesano State Bank for $1500, Fleet began investing in local real estate, which would eventually culminate in Fleet owning large tracts of timberland which he would subdivide and parcel out, often for railroad right-of-way or logging, for substantial profit.
In March 1911, Fleet, a captain of a National Guard company, was ordered with his men to quell a civil disturbance organized by the Industrial Workers of the World, a militant labor organization. Later, from April through May Fleet and three other officers were assigned to San Diego, California, to keep track of the agitators who had moved south from Washington and Oregon, heading to Mexico. So impressed was Fleet with San Diego and its climate that he told himself that he would arrange to have his business in San Diego if he could. The promise was kept 24 years later when he relocated the Consolidated plant to San Diego from Buffalo, New York
Army career
Anticipating the entry of the United States into World War I Fleet closed his office in March 1917 and reported to the training facility of the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps, United States Army, in San Diego. Commissioned in the Army as a major, Fleet graduated Junior Military Aviator No. 74. He was then assigned as acting commanding officer of the 18th Aero Squadron, Training.
During the war in Europe Fleet was the executive officer for Flying Training, Signal Corps Aviation Section, stationed in Washington, D.C., with temporary duty in England. His commanding officer was Colonel 'Hap' Arnold.
In May 1918 Fleet was tasked with setting up the first scheduled U. S. Air Mail between New York and Washington, D.C., the Aerial Mail Service being jointly operated by the Department of War and U.S. Post Office Department. Fleet was appointed Officer-in-Charge of the Aerial Mail Service in addition to his duties as executive officer for Flying Training. Fleet successfully petitioned President Wilson personally to suspend the expansion of the air mail service to Boston until better equipment and facilities were created.
Fleet was in charge of the airmail service in 1918 when the famous 24-cent Inverted Jenny postage stamp was printed in error. It became one of the rarest collector stamps of United States postage. In 2013 the United States Postal Service commemorated this issue by printing 2,182,000 Souvenir sheets. Each had six of the stamps (repriced at $2) surrounded by period images. Dressed as a World War I-era aviator, Fleet appears in the lower left quadrant of the sheet.
Fleet's next assignment was as the Army Air Service's chief aviation contracting officer, part of the Engineering Division, based at McCook Field. There he played key roles in the development of the turbocharger for aero applications and the testing of a number of other aviation innovations, including the Loening PW-2A, the first American pursuit monoplane, and the de Bothezat helicopter. Fleet performed some of the flight testing himself.
Fleet was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his service at McCook Field. With post-war budgets slashed and commissioned officers being reduced one rank Fleet felt he'd gone as far as he could in military aviation. On 30 November 1922, Thanksgiving Day, Fleet, his superior officer and the chief of the Power Plant Section announced to the press that they were resigning.
Consolidated years
Upon resigning his commission Fleet accepted a position with Gallaudet Aircraft Company. Fleet arranged the merger between Gallaudet Aircraft Company and Dayton-Wright Company to create his own company, Consolidated Aircraft Company, in 1923. He hired Isaac Machlin Laddon, who had been in charge of design of heavy aircraft at McCook Field. One of his first goals was to secure the contract to design a twin-engine night bomber for the Army. Teaming with Sikorsky, they failed to win the competition with their S-37 design. Consolidated then went on to a long line of successful designs and lucrative contracts for seaplanes for the Navy. Starting with their XPY-1 of 1928, the company's string of successes culminated in one of the most numerous and successful seaplanes, the Consolidated PBY Catalina.
Exploiting Fleet's experience in Army flight training, Consolidated produced a popular military training aircraft, the PT-11 (Consolidated Model 21) primary/advanced trainer. Leading Consolidated, Fleet founded or acquired a number of subsidiaries, including Fleet Aircraft to market civilian designs, Tonawanda Products Corporation to supply components, and Hall-Aluminum Aircraft Corporation. Among the companies acquired by Fleet during time was the Thomas-Morse Aircraft which was failing yet had outstanding contracts to deliver. Fleet selected San Diego, California to relocate Consolidated from Buffalo, New York, where winter weather restricted seaplane operations. The move occurred in 1935.
In November, 1941 Fleet elected to sell a majority of his shares in Consolidated to Vultee Aircraft. The resulting company, Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, became known as Convair. He continued on in the role of adviser and consultant for five more years. He also became a private consultant for Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Consolidated went on to become a key supplier of heavy bombers with the widely produced B-24 Liberator playing a key role in the Allied strategic bombing campaigns, and the Convair B-36—the world's largest piston-engined bomber—filling a crucial gap in the Cold War years until jet-powered bombers became widely available.
In August 1946, Fleet and his sister, Lillian, bought a parcel of land in Montesano and donated it to the city for use as a park named in honor of their parents. The city subsequently renamed Second Street to Fleet Street in their honor.
Retirement and philanthropy
Leaving Consolidated, Fleet divided his time between his landmark home in Point Loma, California, the "Spanish Castle," and his residence in Palm Springs, California. During this time Fleet served on the California State Highway Commission. He was also active in the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences (IAS), the professional society for aeronautical engineers and researchers in related fields. IAS was founded in 1932 and was the predecessor of today's AIAA.
In 1961 Fleet founded the San Diego Aerospace Museum to commemorate President Kennedy's commitment to land a man on the moon within this decade.
In 1965 Fleet was invested in the International Aerospace Hall of Fame, and his portrait now hangs along with the other inductees' in the Hall of Fame's gallery within the San Diego Air and Space Museum. In 1967, Fleet's son, Sandy, founded the Fotomat Corporation.
In the early 1970s, Fleet largely funded construction of The Bishop Center for Performing Arts at Grays Harbor College in Aberdeen, Washington, in honor of E. K. "Ned" and Lillian Fleet Bishop. Lillian was Fleet's sister, and "Ned" Bishop, a logging tycoon in western Washington state, was an early investor in Consolidated Aircraft. The Bishops left their fortune to a foundation that funds operation of the Bishop Center.
The Reuben H. Fleet Space Theatre, now the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center, was established in San Diego in 1973 after an initial gift by his son Preston Fleet and the rest of the Fleet family. It was the first science museum to combine interactive science exhibits with a planetarium and very large screen theater based on the IMAX film format, setting the pattern that most major science museums have since adopted.
In 1975, Reuben was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio.
Personal life
Fleet married Elizabeth Girton on April 29, 1908, and they settled in Montesano, Washington. They had two children, Phyllis Fleet and David Girton Fleet; David later became an executive with Consolidated and a real estate developer, creator of the upscale Fleetridge neighborhood in San Diego. Fleet and Elizabeth were divorced in 1920. In 1931 he married Dorothy Mitchell, and they had three children, Preston "Sandy" Fleet, Dorothy Fleet, and Nancy Fleet. Preston Fleet went on to found the Fotomat Corporation. Fleet and Dorothy were divorced in 1944. He married Eva May VanDenburgh in 1947.
Fleet died in San Diego, California, on October 29, 1975, at age 88 from injuries related to a fall. He was buried at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery, Point Loma, San Diego, California.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIS_Snowboarding_World_Championships_2011_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_snowboard_cross"}
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The men's snowboard cross competition of the FIS Snowboarding World Championships 2011 was held at Alabaus in La Molina, Spain between January 17 and 18, 2011. 69 athletes from 27 countries competed.
The qualification round was completed on January 17, while the elimination round was completed on January 18.
Results
Qualification
Elimination round
1/8 round
The top 32 qualifiers advanced to the 1/8 round. From here, they participated in four-person elimination races, with the top two from each race advancing.
1/4 Round
1/2 Round
Final round
Small Final
Final
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7877c62e-ff92-4860-9e1a-bfaae90d9819
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta_Psychiatrica_Scandinavica"}
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Academic journal
The Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is a Scandinavian peer-reviewed medical journal containing original research, systematic reviews etc. relating to clinical and experimental psychiatry. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 5.605. Its editor-in-chief is Ida Hageman (Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri).
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miradero,_Cabo_Rojo,_Puerto_Rico"}
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Barrio of Puerto Rico
Barrio in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico
Miradero is a barrio in the municipality of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 15,521. Joyuda, a small fishing village on Cabo Rojos' gastronomic route, is in Miradero.
Features
There is a square called Plaza del Pescador in Miradero which happens to be the venue for the annual Festival del pescao (the festival of the fish).
Joyuda, a fishing village in Miradero is known for its many seafood restaurants along Puerto Rico Highway 102, a coastal road. Joyuda was the most impacted area of Cabo Rojo, when Hurricane María hit Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017.
The Ana G. Méndez University has a campus in Miradero.
History
Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Miradero barrio was 2,011.
Gallery
Places in Miradero:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Johnny_Brown"}
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American singer
Musical artist
Texas Johnny Brown, born John Riley Brown (February 22, 1928 – July 1, 2013) was an American blues guitarist, songwriter and singer, best known for his composition "Two Steps from the Blues". In a lengthy career, he worked with Joe Hinton, Amos Milburn, Ruth Brown, Bobby Bland, Lavelle White, Buddy Ace and Junior Parker. He was born in Mississippi, but his long association with Houston, Texas, gave him his stage name.
Before his death, Allmusic noted that Brown "remains one of the more immovable veterans dotting the inexplicably low-key Houston blues landscape". His jazzy guitar style of playing the blues has been attributed to the influence of Charlie Christian early in Brown's career.
Biography
He was born John Riley Brown, in Ackerman, Choctaw County, Mississippi. As a child he played guitar alongside his father, who was blinded while working for the railroad, on the streets of his hometown and further afield, before the family relocated to Houston in 1946.
Brown's professional music career started in a band called the Aladdin Chickenshackers, who regularly backed Amos Milburn. He recorded with Milburn and also backed Ruth Brown on her earliest cuts for Atlantic Records. Through this work, in 1949, Brown was able to record some tracks of his own, on which he was backed by Milburn and the Aladdin Chickenshackers. He also recorded an unreleased session in Houston for Lola Cullum's Artist Record Company (ARC) in 1950. After three years of military service, ending in 1953, Brown recommenced backing Lightnin' Hopkins. Brown also performed regularly with Junior Parker throughout the 1950s.
Brown's recording career continued in the mid-1950s, when he was utilised mainly as a sideman for both of the affiliated Duke and Peacock record labels. Often his contributions went uncredited on releases by musicians such as Lightnin' Hopkins and Joe Hinton. In the late 1950s, Brown composed "Two Steps from the Blues", which became the title of an album released by Bobby Bland in 1961. Brown toured as Bland's lead guitarist in the 1950s and 1960s.
Brown continued with his regular recording and stage duties until 1963, when he began a number of day jobs including driving trucks, working as a mechanic, landscaping and operating a forklift. Brown also recalled jam sessions in the mid-1960s at the Club Matinee in Houston, which regularly featured himself, Goree Carter, Joe Bell, Roy Gaines and Clarence Hollimon. He retired in 1991, and formed the Quality Blues Band, with whom he performed up to his death. His 1949 tracks "The Blues Rock", "There Goes The Blues", and "Bongo Boogie" were featured on the compilation album Atlantic Blues: Guitar, released by Atlantic Records in 1986.
In 1996, Brown appeared at the Long Beach Blues Festival. In 1998, Brown finally released an album under his own name, Nothin' but the Truth. The Allmusic journalist Hobart Rowland noted of the tracks, "the insistent toe-tappers 'Your House, Your Home' and 'Stand the Pain' and the keyboard-drenched 'Blue and Lonesome' are easily among Brown's best". Nothin' but the Truth, which included Brown's version of his song "Two Steps from the Blues", was nominated for a W. C. Handy Blues Award in 1999 as the Comeback Album of the Year.
In September 2001, Brown was named Blues Artist of the Year at the Willie Mae "Big Mama" Thornton Blues Festival, which took place in Houston. In January 2002, Brown's second album, Blues Defender was released, also on Choctaw Creek Records. Brown was quoted following an interview in June 2010 with the Valley Morning Star, a Texas newspaper, about his work that "melancholy feelings make good blues music."
In September 2011, Brown's roots were honored with an historical marker on the Mississippi Blues Trail in Ackerman.
Brown died of lung cancer at his home in Houston, Texas, in July 2013, aged 85.
Discography
Albums
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510d3ebd-2790-4776-b179-171fda22c412
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%B1ada-Diokno_College_of_Law"}
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Law college
The Tañada-Diokno College of Law is the law school and one of the eight colleges of De La Salle University.
History
The college was founded in 2009 on the principles of human rights and civil liberties by human rights Atty. Jose Manuel I. "Chel" Diokno, who is the chairman of the largest human rights group in the Free Legal Assistance Group or FLAG, and classes started in 2010. The mission of the college was to create morally grounded and well-rounded individuals ready to serve the oppressed and take a stand on these issues. This became the blueprint for all subjects in the college regardless of the selected area of study for each student, which was a first in Philippine legal education. Another revolutionary practice was the use of "The Green Notes." These were made to aid students in reviewing for all legal topics in lieu of fraternity and sorority assistance, as such groups were prohibited by the school. Student organizations, however, continue to thrive among the students.
In 2013, the college created the Development Legal Advocacy Center (DLAC), which is the main pillar of its clinical legal education program.
The first COL batch composed of 46 graduate students, took the bar exam in 2014 and gave the University a 56.5 percent passing rate on its first attempt, which was the highest among private institutions.
In the Academic Year 2016-2017, the college moved to the Rufino Campus in Bonifacio Global City, which houses 17 classrooms run on solar power, an auditorium, an arbitration room, and a moot court.
In 2019, the college shifted from a thesis Juris Doctor program to a non-thesis Juris Doctor program. In 2021, the college became one of the first five law schools that adopted the Revised Model Curriculum mandated by the Legal Education Board. It was renamed on February 26, 2022, which was Jose W. Diokno's birth centennial, as the Tañada-Diokno College of Law in honor of Diokno and Lorenzo Tañada, both senators, nationalists, and De La Salle College high school alumni.
Board
Its Board of Advisers is composed of former Chief Justice Artemio V. Panganiban, and former Justices Florentino Feliciano, Josue Bellosillo, Anselmo T. Reyes, and environmental lawyer and fellow alumnus Atty. Antonio Oposa Jr.
Ka Pepe Diokno Human Rights Award
In 2005, the De La Salle Professional Schools, Inc. Graduate School of Business (DLS-PSI-GSB) handed out the inaugural "Ka Pepe Diokno Human Rights Award", one of the most prestigious human rights awards in the country. This award is now handled by the college, together with the Jose W. Diokno Foundation. The pioneer Ka Pepe Diokno Human Rights Award was conferred on Voltaire Y. Rosales, Executive Judge of Tanauan, Batangas for his conviction of suspects despite the death threats against him, even giving up his life due to his principles. Subsequent annual awards have been given to recognize persons or groups such as Jovito Salonga, Maria Ressa and Bishop Pablo Virgilio "Ambo " David, who exemplified their commitment to the furtherance of human rights, social justice, and Philippine sovereignty.
Winners
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Kirk_House"}
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Historic house in Washington, United States
United States historic place
The Lilly Kirk House is a historic house built in 1923 and located in Bothell, Washington in King County.
Description and history
The house was built by W.C. "Bill" Mortenson in 1923 and is an example of the American Craftsman style of architecture. The one and a half story wood-frame house sits on a concrete foundation and has a gabled shingle roof. It displays the low pitched gabled roof with wide open eaves, exposed rafters and ornamented braces characteristic of the American Craftsman style. Exterior wall finishing is alternating narrow and wide stained wood shingle. The house is at the rear of a 4.4-acre (1.8 ha) lot in the Maywood / Beckstrom Hill neighborhood in Bothell. Lawrence and Lilly Kirk owned a business in Bothell and Mortenson, Lilly Kirk's brother, was a Seattle builder and contractor who later moved his business to Bothell. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 9, 1995.
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Festival in Ghana by the people of Dixcove
Apatwa Festival is an annual festival celebrated by the chiefs and peoples of Dixcove near Busua in the Western Region of Ghana. It is usually celebrated in the month of August.
Celebrations
During the festival, visitors are welcomed to share food and drinks. The people put on traditional clothes and there is durbar of chiefs. There is also dancing and drumming.
Significance
This festival is celebrated to mark an event that took place in the past.
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638b5b93-1e5c-4955-b751-af95c651a8c8
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening_of_the_Harvest"}
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Album by Translator
Evening of the Harvest is the fourth album by Translator, released in 1986 on 415 Records, and distributed by Columbia Records.
In 2007, the album was released on CD for the first time by Wounded Bird Records. The CD release included 2 songs from a single as bonus tracks.
Track listing
2007 CD bonus tracks
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5d70469f-80ed-4d80-b891-f11088187321
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393_Sunderland_A.F.C._season"}
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Sunderland 1992–93 football season
During the 1992–93 English football season, Sunderland A.F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.
Season summary
In the 1992–93 season and despite guiding the Black Cats to an FA Cup final the previous season, Crosby failed to inspire Sunderland in the league, and he was sacked in February 1993 to be replaced by Terry Butcher.
Butcher managed to achieve survival for Sunderland finishing one point above the relegation zone, despite winning only 5 of their final 18 league games.
Final league table
Source:
Results
Sunderland's score comes first
Legend
Football League First Division
FA Cup
League Cup
Anglo-Italian Cup
Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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e1f899c1-eefd-44c2-b2a4-02030fcb426d
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Canadian poet
Kevin Michael Connolly (born March 20, 1962) is a Canadian poet, editor and teacher who was born in Biloxi, Mississippi and grew up in Maple, Ontario. Connolly has served as an editor for presses such as ECW Press, Coach House Press, McClelland & Stewart, and he is currently poetry editor at House of Anansi Press. He has edited and published more than 60 full-length poetry collections, many of them debuts.
Connolly's book, Drift, won the 2005 Trillium Award, and his fourth book, Revolver, was shortlisted for the 2009 Griffin Poetry Prize. He was the recipient of the 2015 Artist Award from the KM Hunter Foundation.
Biography
Connolly graduated from York University in 1985 with a Bachelor of Arts with honors and currently resides in Toronto with his partner, Canadian writer Gil Adamson. After leaving York University, Connolly co-founded what! magazine with fellow York graduate, Jason Sherman. What! magazine published from 1985 to 1993 and was considered influential. Connolly incorporates the strategies and technique of language poetry in his work and his poetry has appeared in a number of small presses, including The Monika Schnarre story and Deathcake. In 1998, Eye weekly (a Toronto Star newspaper based division) hired Connolly to write columns on poetry, food and theatre but by 2004 he left to start working as an editor for Coach House press.
Works and criticisms
In 1995, Connolly released his first collection of work, Asphalt cigar (coach House Press), which was nominated for the league of Canadian poets’ Gerald Lampert Award for best first book of poetry. Upon releasing Asphalt cigar (1995), Connolly was one of six writers featured in Blues and True Concussions (House of Anansi Press, 1996), an anthology of new Toronto poets. In 2002, Connolly released his second collection of work titled Happyland (ECW Press) but did not gain greater recognition until the release of his 2005 collection, Drift (House of Anansi press) which won the Trillium Book Award for poetry. Connolly’s second and third collections were both successful but were commonly criticized as showing too much of his process and ‘’lacking cohesive shape". In 2008, Connolly released his fourth collection of work, titled Revolver (House of Anansi press), which was nominated for the 2009 Griffin Poetry Prize. Connolly was a runner up for the Griffin poetry prize alongside writer Jeramy Dodds’ poem, titled crabwise to the hounds, which Connolly himself edited. Connolly’s collection of poems, Revolver, was well received and he was noted for his use of humor in writing.
Contributions to Canadian poetry
Connolly has taught workshops and educational competitions that focus on the process of poetry writing. During the 1990s, Connolly published the early work of Canadians such as Lynn Crosbie, Gary Barwin, Daniel Jones, Stuart Ross and Gil Adamson, in a collection titled Pink Dog chapbook. He served as a poetry judge at the 2006 great Canadian literary hunt and his poem, titled Sundial, was featured in the 40th anniversary edition of This Magazine. His poem, titled Chain, from the 2005 Drift collection was included in a collection of works titled 30 in 30, a collection created to celebrate National Poetry Month.
Works
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Venezuelan baseball player (born 1978)
Baseball player
René Reyes (born February 21, 1978) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball outfielder and switch-hitter. He played for the Colorado Rockies of Major League Baseball (MLB) in the 2003 and 2004 seasons.
Career
His only MLB experience came as a member of the Colorado Rockies in part of two seasons spanning 2003–2004. In a two-season career, Reyes batted .220 with two home runs and eight RBI in 81 games.
After spending 2006 with the Rojos del Aguila de Veracruz of the Mexican League, 2007 with the Petroleros de Minatitlan, and 2008-2011 with the Pericos de Puebla, Reyes signed with the Rieleros de Aguascalientes on March 16, 2012. On June 29, 2013, Reyes was traded to the Diablos Rojos del Mexico. On March 31, 2014, Reyes was assigned to the Leones de Yucatán. On February 6, 2015, Reyes signed with the Rieleros de Aguascalientes, but on May 8, he was released. On May 21, 2015, he was assigned to the Toros de Tijuana, but released on July 6. On May 10, 2016, Reyes signed with the Vaqueros de Unión Laguna. On September 21, 2016, he was released. On May 16, 2017, Reyes signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo. On July 5, 2017, he was traded to the Olmecas de Tabasco. On July 18, 2017, Reyes was released.
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Scottish footballer
Stuart David Munro (born 15 September 1962 in Falkirk) is a Scottish former professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers.
Munro was signed from Alloa Athletic and made his top team debut for the Rangers against Dundee on 25 February 1984, aged 21. The game ended in a 3–1 win. He played a further six seasons before with Rangers before being sold to Blackburn Rovers for £350,000.
He emigrated to Australia at the end of his career, appearing for Sydney United in the National Soccer League in what would be his final season of professional football.
Upon retirement, he followed a coaching path, taking the reins at NSL clubs Gippsland Falcons, Carlton, Parramatta Power and South Melbourne.
With the end of that competition, Munro remained in Melbourne and was manager at Oakleigh Cannons from 2005 to 2008. Following the 2008 season he was appointed manager at Dandenong Thunder where he remained until 2011 when he was appointed assistant manager to his former Rangers teammate Ian Ferguson at Perth Glory. Munro spent 3 season as assistant at Perth Glory. He returned to the Thunder as manager in 2013 before taking on the role of technical director for the 2014 season. Munro once again took on the role as manager in 2015 but that season saw the club relegated from the Victorian top-flight. After leaving his role at Dandenong, Munro was appointed as the inaugural manager for newly founded Women's NPL Victoria club Southern United. At the end of the 2016 season Stuart was poached by Dandenong City for the 2017 NPL2 season. In 2019 he was appointed as head coach of Melbourne Knights ahead of the 2020 season.
Honours
Player
Rangers
Manager
Oakleigh Cannons
Dandenong Thunder
Individual
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Nicolae Munteanu can refer to:
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Indian swimmer
Dolly Rustom Nazir nee Byramji (born 1935) is an Indian former swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Nazir won Long Distance Open Sea Championships in Bombay in 1948 at the age of 13 and repeated the win the next year. In November 1950, she bettered the national record for 100 meters backstroke by more than three seconds while winning the All India Swimming Championships.
She married horse breeder and trainer Rashid Byramji in 1965 and moved to Bangalore.
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Spanish fencer
Ramiro Bravo (born 29 May 1962) is a Spanish fencer. He competed in the individual and team foil events at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated_17,20-lyase_deficiency"}
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Medical condition
Isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency (ILD), also called isolated 17,20-desmolase deficiency, is a rare endocrine and autosomal recessive genetic disorder which is characterized by a complete or partial loss of 17,20-lyase activity and, in turn, impaired production of the androgen and estrogen sex steroids. The condition manifests itself as pseudohermaphroditism (partially or fully underdeveloped genitalia) in males, in whom it is considered to be a form of intersex, and, in both sexes, as a reduced or absent puberty/lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics, resulting in a somewhat childlike appearance in adulthood (if left untreated).
Unlike the case of combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency does not affect glucocorticoid production (or mineralocorticoid levels), and for that reason, does not result in adrenal hyperplasia or hypertension.
Symptoms and signs
The symptoms of isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency, in males, include pseudohermaphroditism (i.e., feminized, ambiguous, or mildly underdeveloped (e.g., micropenis, perineal hypospadias, and/or cryptorchidism (undescended testes)) external genitalia), female gender identity, and, in non-complete cases of deficiency where partial virilization occurs, gynecomastia up to Tanner stage V (due to low androgen levels, which results in a lack of suppression of estrogen); in females, amenorrhoea or, in cases of only partial deficiency, merely irregular menses, and enlarged cystic ovaries (due to excessive stimulation by high levels of gonadotropins); and in both sexes, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (hypogonadism despite high levels of gonadotropins), delayed, impaired, or fully absent adrenarche and puberty with an associated reduction in or complete lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics (sexual infantilism), impaired fertility or complete sterility, tall stature (due to delayed epiphyseal closure), eunuchoid skeletal proportions, delayed or absent bone maturation, and osteoporosis.
Cause
Isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency is a rare disorder caused by genetic mutations in the gene CYP17A1, while not affecting 17α-hydroxylase. Isolated 17,20 lyase deficiency is a rare disease with only a small number of confirmed reports due to mutations in the CYP17A1 gene.
Observed physiological abnormalities of the condition include markedly elevated serum levels of progestogens such as progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (due to upregulation of precursor availability for androgen and estrogen synthesis), very low or fully absent peripheral concentrations of androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and testosterone and estrogens such as estradiol (due to the lack of 17,20-lyase activity, which is essential for their production), and high serum concentrations of the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (due to a lack of negative feedback on account of the lack of sex hormones).
Diagnosis
Treatment
Males and females may be treated with hormone replacement therapy (i.e., with androgens and estrogens, respectively), which will result in normal sexual development and resolve most symptoms. In the case of 46,XY (genetically male) individuals who are phenotypically female and/or identify as the female gender, they should be treated with estrogens instead. Removal of the undescended testes should be performed in 46,XY females to prevent their malignant degeneration, whereas in 46,XY males surgical correction of the genitals is generally required, and, if necessary, an orchidopexy (relocation of the undescended testes to the scrotum) may be performed as well. Namely in genetic females presenting with ovarian cysts, GnRH analogues may be used to control high FSH and LH levels if they are unresponsive to estrogens.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_M._Harris"}
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Jennifer Michelle Harris is an academic, who studies United States foreign policy and economics.
Early life
Harris' father is Ken Harris, a former Comanche county special district judge and her mother is Karen N. (new Youngblood), a former staff lawyer and former political science professor at Cameron University.
Education
Harris has a BA degree in economics and international relations from Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Harris has a master's degree in Philosophy from Oxford University. Harris was a Harry S. Truman Scholarship recipient and a Rhodes Scholar. Harris has a JD from Yale Law School.
Career
Harris started her career as a staff serving the U.S. National Intelligence Council with emphasis in economics and financial issues.
Harris was a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Prior to joining CFR, Harris was a member of the policy planning staff at the U.S. Department of State responsible for global markets, geo-economic issues and energy security. In that role, Harris was a lead architect of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's Economic Statecraft agenda, which launched in 2011.
In 2018, Harris became a Senior Fellow in Special Projects at William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. As of 2018, Harris is also a nonresident senior fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings Institution.
Harris' work has appeared in the New York Times, Foreign Affairs, the Washington Quarterly, and the World Economic Forum among other outlets.
Harris is the co-author of War By Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft.
Personal life
On August 27, 2016, Harris married Alexander Jacob Post (aka Sasha) in California.
Publications
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Matthew or Matt Chandler may refer to:
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Swiss alpine skier
René Berthod (born 7 February 1948 in Château d'Oex, Switzerland) is a retired Swiss alpine skier who competed in the 1976 Winter Olympics. In 1978, after various injuries, Berthod announced his retirement from active ski racing.
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c9635e60-f07d-48ad-a843-4ac63bd69dc7
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janmabhumi"}
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Indian newspaper
Janmabhumi is an Indian Malayalam-language daily newspaper, owned by Mathruka Pracharanalayam Ltd. and headquartered in Kochi, Kerala. It was launched as an evening paper from Kozhikode on 28 April 1977. From 14 November 1977 onwards it was upgraded to a daily newspaper publishing from Ernakulam. Currently Janmabhumi has nine editions. The newspaper is politically aligned with the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Overview
Janmabhumi follows the moto: "A Newspaper for Social Reformation and National Reconstruction". The newspaper publishes editions from Kochi, Kottayam, Kannur, Thrissur, Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode, Bengaluru, Kollam and Pathanamthitta.
The 16-page multi-colour newspaper has two special issues every week. Varadyam, a Sunday supplement and Mitram, a four-page pullout on Wednesdays. Samskruthi is a regular page with articles on various Indian culture, such as history, Puranas, Upanishads, Ayurveda, Yoga, philosophy, art, ideologies and devotional subjects etc.
History
In 1968, the state council of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh was held at Thalassery, Kerala and considered a proposal by K. Raman Pillai, for starting a daily newspaper in Malayalam language. With U. Dathathreya Rao as chief promoter and C. Prabhakaran, Punnath Chandran, M. Sreedharan, K. C. Sankaran, V. C. Achuthan as co promoters, Mathruka Pracharanalayam Ltd. was registered in January 1973 with the objective of publishing a Malayalam newspaper. Subsequently, the Rashtra Vartha newspaper was taken over by the company. In 1975, the name Janmabhumi was acquired and the necessary declaration was signed. P. Narayanan was the Chief Editor, P. V. K. Nedungadi as Editor, Dathathreya Rao as printer and publisher and a few others as sub-editors and reporters took charge.
Janmabhumi was launched as an evening paper from Kozhikode on 28 April 1975. In the first copy of editorial column it explicitly declared that "Janmabhumi is a total independent national daily. It will approach each problem on the basis of national unity, moral sense, patriotism and public welfare and think, evaluate and formulate our opinion. To err is human and we also commit mistakes, our capacity is limited. We consider this as a small step to the noble cause and great movement and appealed the co-operation of all people".
However, after two months, the state of emergency in India was declared in June 1975. Rao, Nedungadi and Narayanan were arrested by the police and kept under detention. Nedungadi was let of after few days. Even though there was no ban on the paper the administration created conditions that did not allow to continue. Rao was released only after the emergency was lifted. Narayanan was acquitted of all charges by the court and released after four months. After the restoration of democracy in March 1977, Janmabhumi resumed publication from Ernakulam. A new decoration was signed, with Narayanan as printer and publisher and M. P. Manmadhan as Chief Editor.
On 14 November 1977, Janmabhumi was launched from Ernakulam. M. K. Balagopal who worked in The Indian Express associated with the editorial department. Kummanam Rajasekharan trained the amateur newcomers in the paper. K. Chandran who was working during the pre-emergency period took charge of the news desk. It was a four-page newspaper with price tag of 0.25 paisa. Its financial base was not strong. The early journalists were not experienced and grew up learning. Balaram Moosad, P. Narayana Kurup and I. K. K. Menon used to write regularly during the early period. After one year Manmadhan wanted to leave the responsibility because of health problem. Nedungadi took charge as Chief Editor. K. G. Marar took charge as managing director when Rao retired.
The printing of Janmabhumi was in the old method of hand composing and sheet-fed printing. Under the initiative of Sundaram, a new company was formed, Ayodhya Printers Pvt Ltd. at Elamakkara, Kochi and installed latest photo composing and offset printing machinery. Janmabhumi shifted to the new location on 21 April 1987. The new press and paper was inaugurated by L. K. Advani. V. M. Korath retired from Mathrubhumi as Deputy Editor took charge as Chief Editor in Janmabhumi. But retired after one year due to health fail. P. Narayanan succeeded him in 1993. Kummanam Rajasekharan took charge as Editor. P. E. B. Menon, P. P. Mukundan, K. Sadananda Pillai, etc formed an advisory committee to guide both the establishments. M. Mohanan was appointed general manager of both. M. Mahadevan took charge as the Manager.[citation needed]
When V. M. Korath finally relinquished charge as chief editor in 1993, P. Narayanan was given the charge. In 1995, K. G. Marar died and P. P. Mukundan elected as managing director. He took initiative to expand the base of Janmabhumi by starting new editions. N. S. Rammohan became the Managing Editor and T. M. V. Shenoy took charge as printer and publisher. K. Kunhikannan as Resident Editor
On 26 June 1995, former Deputy Prime Minister of India and then Bharatiya Janata Party National President L. K. Advani inaugurated the evening edition at Thiruvananthapuram. On 13 April 2005, Bharatiya Vichara Kendram Director P. Parameswaran inaugurated edition at Kottayam and RSS Sarsangh 'Sarkaryavah,' Shri Mohan Bhagwat inaugurated Kannur Edition on 17 January 2008.
After Hari S. Kartha, Ramachandran and Leela Menon were Chief Editors.
The 6th edition of Janmabhumi from Thrissur was inaugurated on 20 June 2014 by Union Minister Sri. Prakash Javdekar. Janmabhumi moved outside Kerala, launching Edition in Bangalore on 27 April 2018 by Actor and Parliament Member Sri.Suresh Gopi. The 8th edition of Janmabhumi launched from Kollam on 27 September 2018 by Union Minister Sri. Rajnath Singh. on 11 February 2020 Union Minister V. Muraleedharan launched the Pathanamthitta edition.
Janmabhumi Online, the digital media division, was launched in 2008 by spiritual leader and Art of Living founder Ravi Shankar.[citation needed]
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9rin"}
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Léon Gérin (French pronunciation: [le.ɔ̃.ʒe.ʁɛ̃]; May 17, 1863 – January 15, 1951) was a Canadian lawyer, civil servant, and sociologist.
Born in Quebec City, Canada East, the son of Antoine Gérin-Lajoie, Gérin studied at the Séminaire de Nicolet before receiving a law degree from Université Laval in 1884. In 1886, he went to Paris for a few months and became interested in sociology. Returning to Canada, he settled in Ottawa and worked for the federal government and the House of Commons of Canada.
He wrote works on a variety of subjects including the history of French colonization of the Americas and rural society in French Canada in the 19th century.
A Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, he served as its president from 1933 to 1934 and was awarded the Lorne Pierce Medal in 1941. The Government of Quebec's Prix Léon-Gérin is named in his honour.
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Historic site in Somerset, England
The Old Rectory in the village of Croscombe within the English county of Somerset was built in the 17th century and rebuilt in the 18th. It is a Grade II listed building.
The two storey house has a slate roof. The door has a triglyph frieze with a paterae and cornice on twin Tuscan pilasters. It has four bedrooms and three bathrooms. It is surrounded by gardens separated from the road by walls.
The house was sold for £755,000 in 2007, when it was seen as being "unsuitable for the clergy".
In 2014 it was announced by the Church Commissioners that the house would be purchased, for £900,000 as a residence for Peter Hancock the incoming Bishop of Bath and Wells as an alternative to living at the traditional Bishop's Palace in Wells, to provide him with more privacy. The controversial decision was opposed by local clergy and residents, who criticised the lack of consultation. The decision was later reversed after a committee appointed by the Archbishops' Council ruled that the Bishop should continue to live at the Palace in Wells.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%E2%80%93Barry_Tunnel"}
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The Baker–Barry Tunnel connects the former military bases Fort Barry and Fort Baker in the Marin Headlands of Marin County, California. The bases are now part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The tunnel is also known as the Bunker Road Tunnel for the road that runs through it, or as the Five-Minute Tunnel because it is only wide enough to accommodate a single reversible lane, opened to traffic at either end for five minute intervals.
History
Although geographically close, Forts Baker (on the east) and Barry (on the west) are separated by steep terrain. Travel between the two forts was difficult, and was typically handled by boat. Although a "crude and treacherous" road connected the two forts by land, the post commander complained in 1911 there was no protection to keep users from falling over the side of the road. At certain parts, the road was too narrow for wagon teams to pass each other; the slope into which it was cut had a maximum grade of seventy-five percent, and falling over the side meant a drop of 400 feet (120 m). In response, the War Department allocated $1,500 for board fencing to protect road users at the most dangerous locations. Due to the danger of land travel, a separate school was established at Fort Barry in 1913.
This plan calls for a tunnel 2000 feet long and 8,380 feet of new roadway. It would furnish a direct highway between the two forts with no difficult grades and as nearly unexposed to hostile fire as possible. The road would have great value in peaceful times, as it would eliminate the troubles of landing cargoes from vessels at Fort Barry; but its strategic value in time of war would be far greater.
There is a road between the two forts now, but it is so poor as to be almost worthless in peaceful times and would be pitifully inadequate if a foe's fleet were outside the harbor. The present road is four and one half miles long, its grades are too steep for heavy hauling and the bluffs around which it twists adds to its perils.
— "Extension Improvement Planned", Sausalito News, May 6, 1916
The tunnel was constructed by the U.S. Army after plans were made in late 1915 to expand Fort Barry. Those plans were firmed up in 1916, and construction started in 1917, completing in 1918. The tunnel was rebuilt in 1925 to replace rotting timbers, and in June 1937, the tunnel's width was increased to 20 feet (6 m). The tunnel was listed as a contributing structure for the Forts Baker, Barry, and Cronkhite Historic District on December 12, 1973.
Surveys as early as the 1960s showed the concrete lining had cracked, and due to very long cracks, some exceeding 100 feet (30 m) long, the tunnel was closed in February 1989. Catastrophic failure was not likely, but chunks of concrete had spalled and fallen to the roadway, creating a safety hazard. After a rebuild was completed in 1994, the tunnel reopened in 1995.
The tunnel was again closed for repairs between January and June 2017. Workers sealed cracks in the vintage concrete to reduce seepage, repaved the road, replaced water and sewer lines, and installed energy-efficient LED lighting. Prior to the 2017 rehabilitation, the tunnel was the second-largest consumer of power in the entire Golden Gate National Recreation Area (after district headquarters in San Francisco). During the shutdown, traffic was rerouted to Conzelman Road, a coastal route which is popular among tourists for scenic views of the Golden Gate.
Design
[Interactive fullscreen map]
Baker-Barry Tunnel connecting Fort Baker with Fort Barry near Sausalito:
The Baker–Barry Tunnel lies beneath the U.S. 101 (Redwood) highway, just south of where the highway itself goes through a tunnel on the Waldo Grade. It is cut through serpentine rock and as completed in 1918, was supported with a timber structure and featured a macadam road with cobblestone gutters. The cross-section of the tunnel inside the timber supports was 16 by 16 feet (4.9 m × 4.9 m). Timbers were 10 inches (250 mm) square, covered in lagging 2 inches (51 mm) thick, and supports were spaced at 5-foot (1.5 m) intervals. The timber was reused from a grandstand. Just before commencing work, the cost of constructing the tunnel was estimated at US$90,000 (equivalent to $2,240,000 in 2021), including machinery and equipment.
Electric and water lines were run through the tunnel in 1922. The tunnel was rebuilt in 1925 at a cost of $16,618 after much of the lagging and timbers had rotted due to seepage in the tunnel. The rebuild also added galvanized iron and trenches to try to keep moisture out, along with barbed wire fencing to prevent cattle from entering the tunnel. The western end of the tunnel was extended by 167 feet (51 m) as well at this time. A rockslide in the tunnel closed it in late 1926, prompting another round of repairs which began in 1928.
In October 1935, work began under the Works Progress Administration to bore out the tunnel; when completed on June 30, 1937, at a cost of US$358,664 (equivalent to $6,761,000 in 2021), the height was extended to 17 feet (5.2 m) and the width was extended to 20 feet (6.1 m). Workers lined the tunnel with 12 inches (300 mm) of unreinforced concrete. During the widening work, a 50-foot (15 m) long section of the tunnel caved in at the western end of the tunnel on May 31, 1936. The tunnel had been lined with concrete for a length of 1,785 feet (544 m), but the cave-in occurred in the part of the tunnel that was still relying on timber supports. Work on the tunnel did not resume until August 1936. As modified in 1937, the tunnel was still narrower at the western extension completed in 1925, retaining the original width of 16 feet (4.9 m).
Caltrans extended the eastern portion of the tunnel by 50 feet (15 m) when the Redwood Highway was rebuilt in 1953.
The reconstruction in 2017 cost an estimated $7 million, and involved the injection of 45,000 pounds (20,000 kg) of polyurethane resin to stop leaks along with 900 short tons (820 t) of new paving. Electricity consumption was reduced by 40% with the switch to LED lighting. Prior to the 2017 work, the stalactites that had formed from the water seeping through the rock and concrete were removed and displayed at the Exploratorium in San Francisco. The amount of water leaking through the cracks led some to nickname certain areas of the tunnel "the car wash."
Traffic notes
Automotive traffic through the tunnel is controlled by traffic lights at each end of the tunnel, which allows one-way traffic for five minutes at a time. The single reversible lane for cars is flanked by two bicycle lanes on either side. The five-minute wait is billed as "the longest stoplight in America." Bunker Road itself is named for Col. Paul Bunker, who died in a Japanese prison camp in 1943.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedden_Construction_Company"}
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The Hedden Construction Company was a prolific builder based in Newark, New Jersey in the early 20th century. Some of the finest buildings in New Jersey, New York City, and other large eastern cities were built by the company. Among the most notable is the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower in New York City, the world's tallest building from 1909 to 1913 and home to the Hedden Construction Company's main offices located on the 36th and 37th floors. During this prosperous period over $40,000,000 in construction contracts and payments were collected by the firm.
History
The Hedden Construction Company was started as a partnership between Mr. Viner Jones Hedden, and Mr. J.J. Meeker. It was in this firm that after his formal schooling, Louis O. Hedden, second son of V.J. Hedden, learned the carpenter trade as his father had done. His application of work ethics won for him the title of Superintendent of Business in the firm, a position he held until the dissolution of the firm upon the death of Mr. Meeker in 1884. Later a new company was immediately organized under the name of V.J. Hedden and Sons.
The V.J. Hedden and Sons Company manufactured every variety of interior finish from the best exotic woods available. On June 1, 1896, the company was incorporated with V.J. Hedden as president and treasurer; Charles R. Hedden as first vice-president; Louis O. Hedden, second vice-president; Samuel S. Hedden, Secretary and Albert Emmet Hedden, Superintendent of Plant. This company, whose development and prosperity are largely due to the business ability of Louis O. Hedden, has been identified with the erection of some of the most beautiful and costly buildings on the eastern seaboard.
Upon the retirement of his brother Charles, Louis O. Hedden was picked to fill the position of first vice-president because his ability in the construction field was unsurpassed. Louis was offered and accepted positions in many companies including vice-president, and director of Tri-Bullion Smelting and Developing Company of New Mexico, with offices in New York City; He also was vice-president of Boston and Alta Copper Co., of Montana, with offices in Boston. Jonathon Hedden; Project Manager and Director of Marketing, Porter Construction Seattle, WA and founder, Hedden Construction Tillamook, OR.
Work
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e6b55b87-d604-439d-960f-534b1179b338
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echizen,_Fukui_(town)"}
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Town in Chūbu, Japan
Echizen (越前町, Echizen-chō) is a town located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2018[update], the town had an estimated population of 20,709 and the population density of 140 persons per km². The total area of the town was 153.15 square kilometres (59.13 sq mi).
Geography
Echizen town is located in the Nyū District of central Fukui Prefecture, bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west. Parts of the coastal area of the town are within the borders of the Echizen-Kaga Kaigan Quasi-National Park.
Neighbouring municipalities
Climate
Echizen has a humid climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm, wet summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Echizen is 14.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2402 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.8 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.9 °C. Parts of the town are located within the extremely heavy snowfall area of Japan.
Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Echizen was relatively stable throughout the late 20th century but has declined in the 21st.
History
Echizen is part of ancient Echizen Province. During the Edo period, the area was mostly part of the holdings of Fukui Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. Following the Meiji Restoration, and the establishment of the modern municipalities it was organised into part of Nyū District in Fukui Prefecture. The villages of Shirosaki and Shikaura were founded on April 1, 1889. Shikaura was raised to town status on August 1, 1946. The town of Echizen was formed on March 1, 1955 by the merger of Shikaura and Shirosaki. On February 1, 2005 the towns of Asahi and Ota, and the village of Miyazaki, all from Nyū District, were merged into Echizen.
Economy
The economy of Echizen town is mixed, with commercial fishing and agriculture prominent. Echizen is known for its production of high quality crab, rice, pottery, and daffodils.
Education
Echizen town has eight public elementary schools and four middle schools operated by the city government. The town has one public high school operated by the Fukui Prefectural Board of Education
Transportation
Railway
Echizen town has no public passenger railway service.
Highway
Sister city relations
Sister cities
Friendship cities
Local attractions
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chehel_Sotoun"}
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Pavilion in Isfahan, Iran
Chehel Sotoun (Persian: چهل ستون, literally: “Forty Columns”) is a Persian pavilion in the middle of a park at the far end of a long pool, in Isfahan, Iran, built by Shah Abbas II to be used for his entertainment and receptions. In this palace, Shah Abbas II and his successors would receive dignitaries and ambassadors, either on the terrace or in one of the stately reception halls.
The name, meaning "Forty Columns" in Persian, was inspired by the twenty slender wooden columns supporting the entrance pavilion, which, when reflected in the waters of the fountain, is said to appear to be forty.
As with Ali Qapu, the palace contains many frescoes and paintings on ceramic. Many of the ceramic panels have been dispersed and are now in the possession of major museums in the west. They depict specific historical scenes such as the infamous Battle of Chaldiran against the Ottoman Sultan Selim I, the reception of an Uzbek King in 1646, when the palace had just been completed; the welcome extended to the Mughal Emperor, Humayun who took refuge in Iran in 1544; the battle of Taher-Abad in 1510 where the Safavid Shah Ismail I vanquished and killed the Uzbek King. A more recent painting depicts Nader Shah's victory against the Indian Army at Karnal in 1739. There are also less historical, but even more aesthetic compositions in the traditional miniature style which celebrate the joy of life and love.
The Chehel Sotoun Palace is among the 9 Iranian Gardens which are collectively registered as one of the Iran’s 23 registered World Heritage Sites under the name of the Persian Garden.
Ceiling artworks and wall paintings
Architecture
The architecture of this palace is a combination of Chinese, Iranian and French architecture. The building consists of a main (large) porch with 38 meters long, 17 meters wide and 14 meters high, which made it face East. The columns of this octagonal porch are from sycamore and pine wood. And the middle four pillars are located on four stone valves.
Chehel Sotoun's famous pool is in front of the palace which in addition to being beautiful, makes the air soft. On the four sides of the pool there are statues that do not belong to the Chehel Sotoun Mansion. After destruction of the covered palace they moved these statues to the pool of Chehel Sotoun. According to some historians, this mansion suffered a terrible fire in the late Safavid period and parts of it burned.
The porch of Chehel Sotoun consists of two parts. One section is based on an 18 tall wooden pillars; and the other part, which is a little higher, forms the entrance of the hall and in some sources they called it "The mirror hall".
In general, in the historic Chehel Sotoun Mansion, the combined designs of the walls and ceiling of the hall, which are placed in beautiful forms of Lachak Toranj (corner and medallion), and the main lines of the building divisions, which are a beautiful combination of painting, tiling and other various decorations, make this work one of the best examples of Persian architecture during the Safavid era. At present, the mansion operates as a museum; and it's central hall displays some works of art from different periods of Iran.
Bibliography
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Airport in Xiuzhou District
Jiaxing Airport (Chinese: 嘉兴机场), or Jiaxing Air Base, is a military air base in the city of Jiaxing in Zhejiang province, China. It is being converted to a dual-use military and civilian airport. The airport is located 8 kilometers from the city center in Xiuzhou District. Due to Jiaxing Airport's proximity to both Shanghai and Hangzhou, it is touted as "Shanghai's third airport" and "Hangzhou's second airport". The airport is designed to handle 500,000 passengers annually.Jiaxing Airport is expected to be officially operational in 2025.
Facilities
Jiaxing Airport will be a class 4E airport when completed. Jiaxing Airport is planned to have one 3,400 meter long runway and a 25,700 square-meter terminal building. The airport will be able to accommodate Boeing 747 and Airbus A340 aircraft.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalcerides"}
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Genus of moths
Dalcerides is a genus of moths of the family Dalceridae. It was described by Berthold Neumoegen and Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1893.
Species
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007b01d8-f9d0-4760-939f-91135539599f
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beulah_Marie_Dix"}
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American screenwriter
Beulah Marie Dix (December 25, 1876 – September 25, 1970) was an American screenwriter of the silent and sound film eras, as well as a playwright and author of novels and children's books. She wrote for more than 55 films between 1917 and 1942. Dix married G. H. Flebbe at St. John's Chapel in Boston, Massachusetts on May 6, 1910.
Early life
Beulah Marie Dix was born in Kingston, Massachusetts, and was the daughter of Henry and Maria Dix. Shortly after Dix was born her family moved to Plymouth, Massachusetts which ultimately became a reoccurring setting for many of Beulah's plays and novels. Not long after Dix's 16th birthday, her family moved to Chelsea, Massachusetts, where she graduated top of her high school class. Dix went on to study History and English at Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, graduating with Summa Cum Laude. Dix used these two subjects as her main focal point when writing plays and essays, such as: Thirty Years' War, The Boston Tea Party, and Seventeenth-Century England. Beulah's was also recognized as the first female recipient of the Sohier Literary Prize, which is an award given to either a Harvard or Radcliffe student who composes the best thesis.
Career
Although Dix relied heavily on historically famous military events when it came to composing her children's books, plays, and novels, she was in real life a pacifist. Eventually, as her career progressed as a novelist, she strayed from historical romances and began to write anti-war novels. Dix took a stand against violence and with America on the brink of World War I, she published two anti-war plays, Across the Border and Moloch. Dix took full advantage of these plays by placing the main characters into a moral conundrum that questioned whether or not "they did anything to stop it".
Growing up Dix never found the need to seek any sort of feminine companionship. As a self-proclaimed tomboy, Dix admitted that most of her main characters were little boys because "they are more exciting than little girls". Nevertheless, she did take time to thank two very influential women in her life. Evelyn Greenleaf Sutherland was a well-established female figure in the Boston society. Together they collaborated on plays such as The Breed of the Treshams, The Substitute and The Road to Yesterday. These plays were created using the male pseudonym (John Rutherford) in order to remain appealing to audiences during this time. The other woman in Dix's life was her agent, Beatrice de Mille. De Mille was the mother of famous film directors, William de Mille and Cecil B. de Mille, which is how Dix found her way to Hollywood. In 1916 on a trip to California to visit de Mille, Dix decided to stay. With the outbreak of polio and the start of World War I, Dix thought it would be in her best interest to stay on the west coast. Dix's professional experiences as a playwright allowed her to transition easily into screenwriting. She began her screenwriting career for the silver screen and respected screen director William de Mille.
In 1916 Dix began to write for the new motion picture industry as a part-time job. Her scripts became very well known and Dix became a respected and productive silent-era scenario writer. Her success as a screenwriter landed her a full-time job at Famous Players-Lasky, which soon evolved into Paramount Pictures. Dix's career skyrocketed and between 1917 and 1926 she is credited for more than fifty motion picture titles. Dix's success as a screenwriter was due to her work habits, which mostly consisted of working in solitude or in close partnership with a small group of friends. Typically her work would only be shared with William de Mille as well as her writing partner Bertram Millhauser. Dix had a strong sense of privacy towards her work that ultimately influenced her everyday life. When transitioning to the sound era Dix found it very difficult to find her way, which eventually led to her separation from Paramount Pictures in 1924. In 1925, shortly after she was denied a contract renewal, Dix found a home at the DeMille Studios.
Dix quickly became one of the most desirable screenwriters throughout Hollywood. Even during the Great Depression Dix was able to support her family due to her polished screenwriting skills. Dix's ability to create strong, historically accurate characters was very appealing to directors at this time, as was her love for writing violent scripts.
Late career
Dix continued to experiment with other writing styles. In 1927 she published a children's book, The Turned About Girls, along with a risqué drama novel called Their Own Desire. Dix continued to write screenplays but found it more enjoyable to do so anonymously. Dix's anonymity when writing novels ultimately marked the end of her career. Beulah Marie Dix's passion and work ethic towards screenwriting was unparalleled during this time, which allowed her to leave her mark on the silent film era.
Novels
Selected filmography
Awards
Dix won the 1897 George B. Sohier Prize for her thesis "Published Collections of English and Scottish Ballads, 1765–1802".
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Gieser_Wildeman"}
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Restaurant in Noordeloos, Netherlands
De Gieser Wildeman is a restaurant in Noordeloos, Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star for the period 2006–present. The choice of name was inspired by two things: the River Giessen, flowing past the restaurant, and the Gieser Wildeman, a type of culinary pear and one of the favourite dishes of the head chef.
GaultMillau awarded the restaurant 15 out of 20 points.
Head chef of De Gieser Wildeman is René Tichelaar.
The restaurant is a member of Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise since 2010.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Bradshaw"}
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British artist
Philippe Bradshaw was a British artist. Born in 1965 in Uppingham in Rutland, he grew up in Stamford, Lincolnshire, and attended Stamford School. He died on 25 August 2005 in Paris, France,.
Bradshaw graduated from Goldsmiths College in 1988 alongside several of the artists who were to participate in the YBA scene of art.
Bradshaw made many works using chainlink tapestries, made link by link, within whole room installations. Bradshaw lived his work and was considered eccentric even amongst his peers. Bradshaw was awarded a Hamlyn Award in 2000. In 2001, Bradshaw featured in a BBC documentary The New East Enders alongside Tim Noble and Sue Webster.[citation needed]
Between 1993 and 1999, Bradshaw collaborated with Andrea Mason making work as 'Andrea + Philippe'.
Publications
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3621093a-ec27-4de9-b806-b7eb9d68073f
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver_Energy_Center"}
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Office complex in Denver, Colorado
Denver Energy Center is an office complex in Denver, Colorado. It consists of Denver Energy Center I and II. Both buildings were owned by Rosemont Realty Inc. until the property fell into foreclosure and was sold at auction in June 2022. It was formerly known as Denver World Trade Center, which moved to another location in Denver.
Facilities
Denver Energy Center I is 99 m (325 ft) tall and was completed in 1979 at 1625 Broadway. It has 28 floors and is the 42nd tallest building in Denver.
Denver Energy Center II is 109 m (358 ft) tall and was completed in 1980 at 1675 Broadway. It has 29 floors and is the 30th tallest building in Denver.
The office complex includes two Class A LEED Gold certified towers and have a combined total area of 785,549 square ft.
History
In June 2022, an affiliate of JP Morgan Chase was the sole bidder on the foreclosed Denver Energy Center buildings. The buyer was also the lender on the 785,549 square foot property, paying $88.2M for the building in the foreclosure auction. The property had been previously owned by Los Angeles-based Gemini Rosemont who purchased the property for approximately $176M in April 2013.
Gallery
References
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Species of beetle
Mordella trinotata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1941.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarsia_incerta"}
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Species of moth
Anarsia incerta is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Ueda in 1997.[failed verification] It is found in Japan (Ryukyus).
The length of the forewings is 4.7–5.7 mm for males and 4.7–6.6 mm for females. The forewings are whitish, irregularly tinged with fuscous, scattered with blackish scales. The hindwings are brownish grey, hyaline on the basal half and with the veins darker.
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Raritan Township is a civil township in Barnes County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 108.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomutov%E2%80%93Vejprty/Reitzenhain_railway"}
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The Chomutov–Reitzenhain railway and its branch to Vejprty is a branch line (Czech: regionální dráha) in the Czech Republic, that was originally built and operated by the Buschtěhrad Railway Company (BEB). It begins in Chomutov (Komotau), crosses the Ore Mountains, and ends today in the border station of Vejprty (Weipert), where there is a connexion to the German railway network over the Vejprty–Annaberg-Buchholz railway. The branch from Křimov to Reitzenhain has been closed since 1972.
Sources
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monika_Warnicka"}
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Polish hurdler
Monika Warnicka (born 26 April 1969 in Przemyśl) is a retired Polish athlete who specialised in the 400 metres hurdles. She represented her country at two World Championships, in 1993 and 1995.
Her personal best in the event is 55.82 seconds set in Rome in 1993.
Competition record
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Soviet philosopher (1929 - 1994)
Georgy Petrovich Shchedrovitsky (Russian: Георгий Петрович Щедровицкий) (23 February 1929 – 3 February 1994) was a Russian philosopher and methodologist, public and cultural figure. The creator of the system-thinking methodology, the founder and leader of the Moscow methodological circle, the ideological inspirer of the "methodological movement."
Early years
Georgy Shchedrovitsky was born in Moscow in the family of the engineer and organizer of the Soviet aviation industry Pyotr Georgievich Shchedrovitsky (1899-1972) and the microbiologist Kapitolina Nikolaevna Shchedrovitskaya (née Bayukova, 1904-1994). He was great-nephew of Aaron Soltz.
In 1937 he entered the second grade of Moscow secondary school No. 2, in which he studied before the evacuation of his family in the city of Kuibyshev. There, in parallel with his studies at a local school, he worked as a hospital orderly and a grinder at a military factory. In 1943, the family returned to Moscow, and G.P.Shchedrovitsky continued his studies at secondary school No. 150, which he graduated in 1946 with a silver medal.
Since 1946 he studied physics, and since 1949 - at the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University (MSU), which he graduated with honors in 1953. During his studies, he made friends with A. A. Zinoviev, in whose person he found a like-minded person.
In 1951-1958 he worked as a school teacher. In 1957 he published his first scientific article.
Interdisciplinary methodologies
From the 1950s Shchedrovitsky developed a series of seminars which attracted mathematicians, psychologists, historians, architects, sociologists and physicians who focused their discussions of logical and epistemological issues. He became involved in the Moscow Methodological Circle (MMC) set up by Alexander Zinoviev. In 1954, Shchedrovitsky took over leadership of the circle and played a prominent role in developing activity theory. Here the world was not seen as composed of human subjects and objects as in naturalistic theory. Rather objects are secondary constructs whose nature depends on the activity applied to them. Shchedrovitsky argued that activity was not so much an attribute of any individual but rather a system within which an individual is "captured" and which determines how they behave. Further he reflected on the task of the scientist, bearing in mind that a particular complex "object" might be viewed from a number of different scientific perspectives: thus the work of the scientist involves not just examining the object within a specific scientific framework, but must also involve the choice of methodology by which the subject is marked as a distinct subject of scientific enquiry.
In 1958 he joined Vasily Davydov in founding the Commission for The Study of The Psychology of Thought and Logic.
In 1962 he joined Vadim Sadovsky and Erik Yudin, in creating the Interdisciplinary Seminar on Structural and Systemic Methods of Analysis in Science and Technology at the Commission on Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR which was headed by Aksel Berg. Shchedrovitsky headed the Seminar until 1976.
He was a member of the CPSU from 1956 to 1968, was expelled from the party after he signed the so-called “Letter of 170” in support of Alexander Ginzburg and Yuri Galanskov.
Heritage
Without exception, all the works of G.P.Shchedrovitsky (both published and remaining in the archives) are thematically and methodically in line with the works of the MMC. During his lifetime, he published only his two pamphlets, two collective monographs with his participation and about one and a half hundred separate articles written individually or in collaboration.
The regulations of the MMC methodological seminars (at least since 1957) included: the rule of an absence of “ownership of ideas” and orientation to fixing the results in the form of collective monographs.
Collective monographs were prepared, but often not allowed for publication or published in small print runs: for example, the circulation of the collection Problems of the Study of Systems and Structures (1965) was blocked, and the set of the monograph Pedagogy and Logic (1968) was scattered eleven]; the monograph “Development and implementation of automated systems in design” (1975) was published in the industry publishing house in a small edition and led to the repression of the publishers. G.P.Shchedrovitsky was also unable to publish his early book containing an extended version of his dissertation (its partial reconstruction was published only posthumously under the title On the Method of Thinking Research).
After the death of G.P. Shchedrovitsky, his archive was dispersed in at least two places: the widow and his son. Also, the issue of what is the personal working archive of G. P. Shchedrovitsky and what is the archive (“library”) of the MMC is not resolved.
Despite the fact that many of G.P.Shchedrovitsky's works dealt with questions of psychology, in modern Russian psychology his ideas remain marginal, his name is rarely cited. A school of psychologists-followers of Shchedrovitsky exists at the Belarusian State Pedagogical University (BSPU). On the other hand, the ideas of G.P.Shchedrovitsky have many supporters in Russian pedagogy.
Nevertheless, during 1995–2007, about twenty books were prepared and published, partly containing lifetime publications, but mainly (especially this applies to the series “From the archive of GP Shchedrovitsky”), which were previously unknown to a wide circle of readers texts, as well as transcripts of reports, lectures and speeches by G. P. Shchedrovitsky. Most of these books were prepared by a team that included the brother of the late philosopher, L. P. Shchedrovitsky, and his widow, G. A. Davydov, who founded the Heritage of the MMC publishing house in 2004.
Organizational-activity games
Shchedrovitsky presented an application of Vygotsky's activity theory with his development of organizational-activity games. These games were based on an application of Vygotsky's content-genetic logic to develop method of collective problem solving.
Legacy
He died in the village of Bolshevo in 1994. The Schedrovitsky Institute for Development was founded in 2005. His son, Petr Shchedrovitsky, continues to use Georgy's techniques to train CEOs.
Works
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American computer scientist
Theodore Raphan is an American neuroscientist. He is Broeklundian Distinguished Professor of Computer and Information Science at Brooklyn College, City University of New York. and also a published author.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_la_Real_of_N%C3%A1jera"}
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Monastery in Spain
Santa María la Real is a monastery in the small town of Nájera in the La Rioja community, Spain. Originally a royal foundation, it was ceded by Alfonso VI to the Cluniac order. It was an important pilgrimage stop on the Camino de Santiago. It is particularly well known for the woodwork in the choir of the church.
History
The first construction on the site dates back to the 11th century. Santa Maria la Real and the attached royal pantheon were founded by King García Sánchez III of Navarre in 1052. It was later elevated to an episcopal see and placed under Papal authority.
In 1076 the kingdom of Navarre passed into the hands of Alfonso VI of León and Castile. The Mozarabic Rite (sometimes called the Isidorean or Spanish Rite) was replaced with the Latin Rite. The Missal of Silos, a Mozarabic missal which is the oldest known Western manuscript on paper, was created in the monastery in the 11th century.
Cluniac Order
In 1079, the see was transferred to Calahorra, which had been the seat of a bishopric before the Muslim Conquest. Alfonso gave St María la Real to the Cluniac order and it became one of only two important Cluniac centres South of the Pyrenees. As a center of Cluniac power, the monastery is associated with the introduction of the Cluniac reform to Castile. It appears that this helped Alfonso assert his control over Riojan territory.
In 1142, the Abbot of Cluny Peter the Venerable visited the monastery. While in Spain, he met with translators from the Arabic language and commissioned the first translation into a European language of the Qur'an.
The monastery remained in Cluniac hands until the 15th century, when it was established through Papal mandate as an independent abbacy under Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI), at which time it underwent a major reconstruction.
Later history of monastery
As the popularity of the Camino de Santiago waned, so did the fortunes of the monastery, which depended on the wealth generated by traffic of pilgrims. The monastery fell into a long decay. In the nineteenth century it suffered under the Napoleonic occupation of Spain and anti-monastic legislation in the 1830s (the Ecclesiastical confiscations of Mendizábal) before being declared a national monument in 1889. The fortunes of the monastery further revived with the arrival of Franciscans at the end of the 19th century.
Monastery
The exterior of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nájera is a mixture of different styles, fruit of its long story. Defensive needs led to high walls and buttress with the function of bastions. The 17th century left the decoration of the walls and the doors and the squared tower. The portico of the church was built between the years 1621 and 1625.
Inside the monastery, two main areas can be discerned: the church with the Royal Mausoleum and the cloister, so-called of the Knights. The access to the cloister is through the so-called Gate of Charles I. This gate is of flamboyant style and is very decorated; a big coat of arms of Charles I can be found above it with a double-headed eagle. This coat of arms was carried to honor the king, who generously contributed to the construction of the cloister.
The stairs to access the upper cloister can be found next to the gate. This stairs are in Renaissance style and is covered with a hemispherical dome decorated with panels painted in Trompe-l'œil. The central motif of the decoration is a bird: a pelican. The date of its construction is the year 1594 and it is called the Royal Stairs.
The church
The primitive church honoring the Virgen de la Cueva (Virgin of the Cave) was inaugurated in 1052 and consecrates the primitive temple to the Virgin of the Cave. The style of the building is romanesque with Mozarabic influences.
The current temple was built between 1422 and 1453, in flowery Gothic style, presenting stylized and at the same time simple forms. All the vaults are simple ribbed except for the one covering of the central Apse; the side apses are squared and the triforium has almost triangular windows.
The interior has three naves separated with 10 columns. Beneath the choir the entrance to the cave can be found, where the image of the Virgin is believed to have been discovered, a place which has remained unchanged since then.
The main reredos dates back to the 17th century, of baroque style, and with big highly decorated Solomonic columns with vine grapes and leaves. The dressing room (Camarín) of the Virgin is located in the central part, with the original image, surrounded by the founders of the Benedictines, in its male (Saint Benedict) and female (Saint Scholastica) branches and a depiction of the founder kings. The depiction of the elements that are believed to have been found next the image of the Virgin is noteworthy: a jar with Madonna lilies (emblem of the monastery), a lamp and a bell. Above these elements, a frieze tells the story of the discovery of the Virgin by the king Don García. A Calvary concludes the reredos.
In the left aisle, a replica of the former main reredos which existed before the construction of the current can be found. Part of the original is located in the Antwerp museum, where it arrived after being sold in the 19th century. Its author was Hans Memling.
The image of the Virgin
The image which originally leads to the construction of the religious complex is a medieval polychrome (only in the front face) sculpture carved in wood. It depicts the Virgin holding baby Jesus, imparting the blessings with the right hand while holding a ball on the other.
The image was restored in 1948 by the Institute Príncipe de Viana.
The Imperial State Crown, which belongs to the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, was created in 1838 for the coronation of Queen Victoria. A ruby can be found on the center of the cross of the front face, coming from a Virgin of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nájera and which was taken to England as spoils of war by the Black Prince after assisting Peter the Cruel in his wars.
The cave
The cave where the image was discovered, integrated into the temple, is one of the many that can be found in the surroundings of Nájera and which have had different uses through time. According to the tradition, this is the cave where a small chapel honoring this Virgin originally was located and where it was worshiped. In 1044 the king, who was hunting with falconry, following its hawk found the Virgin with a bouquet of Madonna lilies, a lamp and a bell in this cave. The king attributed the victories which followed in the wars of conquest against the Muslims to the image found.
Until the construction of the main reredos, the image if the Virgin was kept in this place. It was later replaced by other coming from the chapel of the Alcázar Real, which is the one that can be seen today since 1845. This carving dates back to the end of the 13th century. It was restored in 1998. The cave has been one of the places chosen by numbers of noblemen and religious leaders for their burial. Until the restoration works at the end of the 20th century, those tombs were located on the ground of the building.
Choir
Noteworthy in the Choir is the set of chairs, of gothic style. It was created between the years 1493 and 1495, attributing the work management to the brothers Andrés and Nicolás Amutio, and funded by the abbot Pablo Martínez de Uruñuela (they are depicted on the back of the second lower left chair).
The carvings of the backs, as well as of the misericords, are all different from each other and represent religious symbols, scenes of daily life and leading figures at the time. Noteworthy is the carving of the abbatial chair, where the king García of Nájera is depicted.
The set of chairs is crowned by two big paintings. In one of them a gallery with six couples of kings properly identified can be observed. The set is concluded with a baroque depiction of a Benedictine congregation over a frieze with slender pillars which enclose a rococo landscape. It resulted very damaged after the abandonment period of the monumental complex at the end of the 19th century.
Mausoleums and chapels
Royal Mausoleum
The tombs of the kings of the Kingdom Nájera-Pamplona, the precursor of the Kingdom of Navarra, can be found at the feet of the main nave, on both sides of the entrance to the Cave. Here are buried the kings of the Jimena dynasty, or the Abarca dynasty, which hold the throne from 918 to 1076, and which was followed by García Ramírez who ruled from 1135 to 1234. This dynasty comes from the Abarcas.
The sculptural work formed by the funerary coffers is later to the period of the bodies that can be found in them. They are of Renaissance style with certain a Plateresque look. The decoration is austere, the reclining figures of the different personalities with their king attributes and an epitaph corbel are placed above the white stone burial urns. This Mausoleum was built around 1556.
Mausoleum of the infantes
The mausoleum of the infantes can be found on the left aisle where the remains of those royal personalities who did not become kings are located. Among all the tombs the most relevant is the tomb of Blanca Garcés, also known as Blanca of Navarra. Blanca of Navarra's tomb, of which only the lid is preserved, is the only original of the set. It dates back to the 12th century and is a piece of Romanesque manufacture. It is decorated with bas-reliefs which depict scenes of the Gospels and the life of the deceased, who died at a very early age.
Mausoleum of the Dukes of Nájera
The high altar is located on the left side of the mausoleum of Manrique de Lara, duques of Nájera since its creation by the catholic Monarchs in 1482. The dukes of Nájera ruled the city until the year 1600 when they left no successors. The most relevant among them is tomb og the first duke of, known as the Strong, Pedro Manrique III de Lara which played a relevant role in the court of Ferdinand II of Aragon, taking part with him in the Granada War and then as virrey of Navarra after the conquer of this kingdom in 1512. Also buried there is Juan Esteban Manrique de Lara, who was virrey of Navarra in 1521 and who fought by Ignatius of Loyola in the siege of Pamplona.
Cloister of the Knights
Between the years 1517 and 1528 the cloister was built, which combines flowery Gothic in domes and pillars, with plateresque in the tracery of the arcs. Most gravestones of the mural tombs located there belong also to this style.
The arcs, in the number of 24, are decorated with stone traceries, each one of different motifs. This stone latticework appears supported by slender pillars. The upper cloister was built in 1578 above this level.
The name cloister of the Knights is because of the large number of noblemen who chose this place for their burial. Of those tombs, just those located in the walls remain, given that those on the floor were removed during the restoration given the bad conservation status they presented.
Abandonment and misuse of the monumental complex during the 19th century deteriorated the cloister significantly. Right now only the lower cloister is restored.
Chapel of the queen Mencía López de Haro
The entrance to the tomb of the queen of Portugal, Mencía López de Haro, is located on one of the west side corners of the cloister. This lady was the wife, married for the second time, of the Portuguese King Sancho II the Caped. When this king died in the year 1248 Mencía returned to Nájera, where she lived until her death in 1272. The sarcophagus dates back to the 13th century and it is decorated with the coat of arms of Portugal and the coat of arms of López de Haro. Next to Mencía's tomb her brother's and Garci Lasso Ruiz de la Vega's can be found, who died in the battle of Nájera in the year 1367. The chapel was the home of a Christ which was greatly venerated.
Mausoleum of Diego López de Haro, the Good
The lineage of López de Haro hold the title of counts of Nájera and lords of Biscay since king Sancho the Great appointed them until the 19th century.
The Mausoleum of Diego López de Haro, known as the good, 10th lord of Biscay (1170-1214) is located next to the entrance to the church and can be reached at the feet of the main nave, in the south wall of the cloister. At the feet of the sarcophagus of Don Diego her second wife's, Toda Pérez de Azagra, who died in 1216. The urns are Romanesque, but Renaissance external decoration elements were later added. The bas-relieves depict scenes of burial and personalities in clothes of the 18th century.
Access gate to the church
The gate which grants access to the temple is an excellent example of plateresque carving. It dates back to the first half of the 16th century and is decorated with medallions, vegetal motives and fantasy animals grouped in rectangular panels. It is carved in walnut wood.
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Swedish poet
August Bernhard Andersson (1877–1961) was a poet from Barva, Sweden. He became famous more than fifty years after his death, when his poems were released posthumously. The subjects of his poetry encompass nature, creation, the working man and religious themes (such as hymns and prayers).
Publications available in English
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Liberties Press (also known as Liberties Media Ltd) is an independent book publisher based in Dublin, founded in 2003. The company's first publication was Con Houlihan's now-classic collection of sportswriting, More Than a Game: the title was reprinted twice in a matter of weeks. Under the stewardship of founders Peter O'Connell and Seán O’Keeffe, the press initially published only non-fiction titles, many by significant figures in the worlds of politics, journalism and the arts. O'Connell left the company in 2009; following his departure, the press was significantly reorganised, and the focus of the publishing programme was shifted, with more emphasis being placed on fiction and, to a lesser extent, poetry, alongside non-fiction.
Liberties Press hit the headlines in 2012 when it announced plans to publish When We Dance by Melanie Verwoerd. Businessman Dave Kavanagh filed an injunction to prevent the book from being released. Kavanagh alleged that he was defamed in the book: the first half of the book covered Verwoerd's early life in South Africa; the second half dealt with, among other things, her relationship with broadcaster Gerry Ryan. The effort to seek an injunction was withdrawn after the case came before the High Court. The book entered the bestseller lists at no. 2 and went to no. 1 the following week.
Also in 2012, Setting the Truth Free: The Inside Story of the Bloody Sunday Justice Campaign, by Julieann Campbell, was awarded the Christopher Ewart-Biggs Memorial Prize.[circular reference] The prize is awarded every two years to a book, play or piece of journalism which promotes peace and reconciliation in Ireland. Unusually, the book was launched in three cities: Derry, Dublin and (by human rights lawyer Gareth Peirce) London.
In 2014, the publisher expanded its brick and mortar offices to include a bookstore that offered Liberties Press books and other sundries. The press was instrumental in the pop-up bookshops that were successfully run in Dublin city centre in 2014 (South William Street) and 2015 (Drury Street). The dozen participating publishers divided the costs of running each shop, and the proceeds were distributed according to the sales achieved by each company.
In autumn 2016, Liberties Press was criticised for its failure to pay author royalties in a timely fashion, and for its decision to charge a fee to authors who wished to have submissions considered for publication by the press. The fee was subsequently increased. Public comment was made on this issue by, among others, literary agent Jonathan Williams, former Publishing Ireland president Ruth Hegarty, and Michael McLoughlin, publishing director of Penguin Ireland, a subsidiary of US multinational Penguin Random House, who described Liberties Press as "an outlier". The company's decision to increase the fee was commented on by authors John Boyne, Sheila O'Flanagan and Patricia Scanlon. Publisher Seán O'Keeffe was interviewed on this issue by broadcaster and author Sinéad Gleeson for the RTÉ Radio 1 programme The Book Show, alongside Ruth Hegarty. O'Keeffe subsequently complained to RTÉ about the manner in which the interview had been conducted; the interview was not broadcast. O'Keeffe was also interviewed by Marie-Louise Muir on the BBC NI radio programme The Arts Show. The Independent also commented on the matter, drawing attention to the Arts Council funding received Liberties Press and other publishers, including The Gallery Press. Over the 12 days of Christmas 2016, Liberties Press tweeted details of the Arts Council funding received by book publishers in Ireland (in ascending order of the amount of funding awarded).
Liberties Press underwent a significant reorganisation in 2017 in advance of the changes to the book sector which the directors anticipate in the wake of the UK's impending exit from the European Union. Also in 2017, Edge of Heaven by R. B. Kelly, a debut work of science fiction published by Liberties Press in 2016, was shortlisted for the Kate O'Brien Award, which celebrates new Irish writing by female authors. The book was subsequently removed from the shortlist, at the request of the author.
The company's recent releases include Grange Abbey, the debut novel by property developer David Daly (published under the pseudonym Dave Delaney), which entered the best-seller lists at no. 5 on release; Lead White, the debut novel from Molesworth Gallery owner Ronan Lyons; Quality Time at St Chinian, a comic novel by Emeritus Professor of UCD Patrick Masterson; and Clearing the Hurdles, the autobiography of property developer and racehorse owner Joe McGowan, which entered the best-seller lists at no. 3 in August 2018. in 2015, Liberties published Behind the Mask, an autobiographical memoir written by Patrick Treacy, in which describes his training as a doctor, his travels and becoming dermatologist to Michael Jackson. In September 2018, Caitriona Lally, whose debut novel, Eggshells, was published by Liberties Press in 2015, was awarded the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature, an award made annually to an Irish author under the age of 40. The book was reissued by the Borough Press, an imprint of US multinational HarperCollins, on 20 September 2018.
Liberties Press's planned releases for 2019 include Oh When the Saints, a Dublin Beat novel by US poet Peter Money; The File Note, a debut "cosy crime" novel by David Foley; and a guide for parents on choosing childcare, published in association with Túsla, the state agency for child and adolescent services.
Authors
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07f22bcb-148f-4e0c-b7d6-9daffb073fe8
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon:_Guardians_of_Eden"}
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1992 video game
Amazon: Guardians of Eden is a point-and-click adventure game for MS-DOS published by Access Software in 1992. It is one of the first games with Super VGA graphics, digitized voice-overs, and an online (in game) hint system. The game was re-released on GOG.com in 26 July 2021.
Plot
Amazon is a movie adventure game about a 1957 expedition into the heart of the Amazon basin: "a desperate, crazed message sends [the player] on a perilous search through a land where legends come to life, danger hides behind every corner, and incredible treasures wait to be discovered."
Reception
Computer Gaming World wrote that beyond "masterful" graphics and sound, "Access has clearly carried their excellent story far beyond anything produced by Hollywood in its naive years". It approved of Amazon: Guardians of Eden "avoid[ing] the insulting, often embarrassingly sophomoric fashion in which women are reduced to objects of bestial lust, as is commonly the case in this genre ... parents who are only concerned with a game's sexual content need have no concerns over Amazon". The magazine concluded that the game was an "outstanding piece of work". The game was reviewed in 1993 in Dragon #193 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars.
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1c7c7450-82ee-4e79-bbf3-974209a512eb
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Anglo-Irish cricketer and Royal Air Force officer
Thomas Edmond John Fitton CBE (16 August 1911 – 31 August 2000), known as John, was an Anglo-Irish first-class cricketer and Royal Air Force officer.
Life
Fitton was born in Ireland at Killarney in August 1911. He was educated in England at Trent College, before going up to Brasenose College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the touring South Americans at Oxford in 1932. Fitton was unbeaten in both Oxford innings', with scores of 4 and 3 respectively. He also took two wickets with his right-arm medium-fast bowling in the South Americans first innings, dismissing Dennet Ayling and Cyril Ayling.
Military career
After graduating from Oxford, Fitton joined the Royal Air Force as a pilot officer on probation in October 1935. From April 1936–September 1937, he was a pilot with 43 Squadron, before becoming a flight instructor in September 1937. He was promoted to flying officer in April 1938, before being granted the acting rank of flight lieutenant in April 1939 before relinquishing rank in August 1939. Fitton transferred to the Technical Branch in April 1940, at which point he held the full rank of flight lieutenant. He was granted the temporary ranks of squadron leader in June 1941 and wing commander in June 1942. In November 1942, he was made a full squadron leader, antedated to June 1941.
Following the war, he was promoted to wing commander in July 1947, before being promoted to group captain in July 1953. Fitton became the deputy director of the Technical Services in September 1958, He was promoted to air commodore in July 1961, with Fitton being made an CBE in the 1962 New Year Honours. In June 1963, he was appointed director of mechanical engineering with 1 RAF. He retired from active service in August 1966. Fitton died in Devon in August 2000.
Personal life
Fitton was married to Ruth Trewyn, née Oliver. They had one son.
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f36ad166-7010-43c3-96c5-8fae74b57b4e
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1930 mural by Edward Trumbull
Transport and Human Endeavor is the mural created in 1930 by Edward Trumbull (1884-1968) on the ceiling of the lobby of the Chrysler Building in New York City. At the time of its debut, it was the largest painting in the world, at 78 by 100 feet (24 by 30 m). The work was executed on canvas and cemented on the ceiling.
The painting articulates buildings, airplanes, and portrayals of the Chrysler assembly line.
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ebcf3a66-3c24-4fba-ae35-1566499b8cff
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyFitnessPal"}
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Smartphone application and website
MyFitnessPal is a health and fitness tracking smartphone app and website. The app is available for Android and iOS devices.
Overview
MyFitnessPal is smartphone application which uses gamification elements, for exercise and diet management. The app provides features such as, ability to enter diet data manually, or by scanning bar codes and Meal Scan feature for premium version, a computer vision technology developed by Passio Inc. that allows users to log meals by pointing their phones at ingredients and recipes. MyFitnessPal has access to 14 million foods data, with metrics to track exercise and calories.
MyFitnessPal account with other fitness apps like Garmin Connect, FitBit, Samsung Health, and Apple Watch. In February 2015, Under Armour acquired MyFitnessPal.
History
Released in September 2005, MyFitnessPal was developed by Mike Lee, with his brother Albert Lee later joining him to launch the app and the company.
On February 4, 2015, MyFitnessPal was acquired by athletic apparel maker, Under Armour, in a deal worth $475 million. MyFitnessPal had 80 million users at the time.
On May 4, 2015, MyFitnessPal introduced a premium subscription tier for its applications.
In January 2017, founders Albert Lee and Mike Lee departed from the company to pursue other business ventures.
On October 30, 2020, Under Armour announced that MyFitnessPal would be sold to the private equity firm Francisco Partners for $345 million and that it was shutting down Endomondo. In 2021, MyFitnessPal partnered with Sprouts Farmers Market. Through this partnership, users were introduced to new healthy recipe ideas, food and health-related articles and other content.
Security breach
On March 29, 2018, Under Armour disclosed a data breach of 150 million accounts at its subsidiary, MyFitnessPal. The compromised data consisted of usernames, e-mail addresses, and hashed passwords, but not credit card numbers or government identifiers (social security numbers, national identification numbers). Under Armour was notified of the breach the week of 19–25 March and learned that the leak happened sometime in February.
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ea856d01-067d-4e69-9f71-7f825f5a88bf
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Defunct American motor vehicle manufacturer
The Engler was a cyclecar manufactured in Pontiac, Michigan by the W.B. Engler Cyclecar Company from 1914 to 1915. The Engler was a two-seater cyclecar that used a DeLuxe air-cooled, a 1.2L two-cylinder engine. The vehicle had a friction transmission and belts, and cost $385.
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e66483c6-a280-43b1-824c-4adb1322c690
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Season of television series
This is the list of episodes for The Late Late Show with James Corden in 2023.
2023
January
February
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54880aed-3b6b-4e8c-9780-3327b08773d4
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadium_Lille_M%C3%A9tropole"}
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Stadium Lille-Métropole is a multi-purpose stadium in Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France. The stadium was built in 1976 and is able to hold 18,154 spectators. The architect of the stadium was Roger Taillibert.
It was used as the temporary home stadium of Lille OSC before the completion of the nearby Stade Pierre-Mauroy. It was also the home stadium of ES Wasquehal, when the club played in Ligue 2 and National, between 1995 and 2005.
The stadium has hosted several rugby matches, including France versus Argentina in 1988 and the Wallabies in 1989, All Blacks versus Canada in the 1991 Rugby World Cup quarter-finals, French Barbarians versus Springboks in 1992, Stade Français versus Scarlets in the 1998–99 Heineken Cup and the semi final of the 2000-01 Heineken Cup between Stade Français and Munster.
Also, the venue has an athletics track, which hosted the 2002 IPC Athletics World Championships and 2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics, as well as the annual Meeting Lille-Métropole.
AC/DC concluded their For Those About to Rock Tour at the stadium on December 20, 1982.
Pink Floyd performed at the stadium during their A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour on July 28, 1988.
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72cd75aa-3afc-4278-8b8c-c78f32163f51
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strachujov"}
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Municipality in Vysočina, Czech Republic
Strachujov is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Strachujov lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 52 km (32 mi) north-east of Jihlava, and 140 km (87 mi) east of Prague.
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fcaacc59-fc28-429d-be96-9fec22b5b561
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Ghost town in South Dakota, United States
Novak, also known as Cindell Spur, is a ghost town in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. It was an early mining camp.
History
Novak was founded next to Greenwood, as the latter began to decline, in the early 1900s. Investors in the Safe Investment Mine and Mill settled in Novak. Safe Investment grew to have a bad reputation, as investors realized that they were actually losing money. In 1903 and 1904, the Novak mine began to develop. By 1906, they had paid off their debt. As the mining company grew, so did the town. In 1907, there were no saloons or dance houses. Gambling occasionally went on in the boarding house. The Black Hills & Fort Pierre Railroad built a branch to the town. There were three houses built by the mining company and several other cabins, and a school that served six students. Novak used the cemetery in Greenwood instead of building its own. A nearby creek was used for water.
The mine eventually ran its course and was no longer profitable. After the mining operations shut down, most of the residents left Novak. The school closed and the remaining children traveled to Benchmark for school. Until about the 1980s, Novak had two permanently occupied houses, but soon after that, the remaining residents either died or left, and Novak was officially abandoned. In 1974, the only remains of the town were two buildings and a large meadow.
Geography
Novak is located in the northern Black Hills in Lawrence County,. Founded on the bank of Boxelder Creek, it is located along what is today Nemo Road. It is 2.5 miles away from Benchmark and three miles northwest of Nemo.
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4aa6d751-956f-41cc-867b-5ca3f191b765
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Mehmet_Baydar_and_Bahad%C4%B1r_Demir"}
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1973 murders in Santa Barbara, California, US
The assassination of Mehmet Baydar and Bahadır Demir occurred on 27 January 1973 at the Biltmore Hotel in Santa Barbara, California. The two Turkish diplomats, Consul General Baydar and Vice Consul Demir, were murdered by Armenian-American Gourgen Yanikian. Yanikian, using an alias, had invited the Turkish diplomats to lunch, during which they were both shot dead.
Targets
Mehmet Baydar
Mehmet Baydar was born in Istanbul in 1924. After completing studies at The American Robert College of Istanbul and Law school of Istanbul University, he studied in the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris of Paris University. In 1950, he entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs service. After serving one year in the Economics Department, he was appointed to the newly established NATO Department of the ministry. In 1960, Bayda was appointed to chief secretary in the Turkish embassy in Washington DC, US. In 1966, he returned to Ankara to serve in the CENTO Department. Then, In 1972, he became the chief consul in Los Angeles, California. His service area included most of the western United States.
Bahadır Demir
Demir was born on March 9, 1942 in Istanbul. After finishing The American Robert College of Istanbul and the Faculty of Political Science of Ankara University in 1967, he began serving in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His first foreign appointment was to Los Angeles, California, as vice consul.
The assassination
On January 27, 1973, the 77-year-old Gourgen Yanikian, under the alias of an Iranian man named Yaniki, met with consuls Baydar and Demir at the Biltmore Hotel in Santa Barbara, promising to make a gift to Turkey of a banknote and a painting which had been stolen from the Ottoman palace more than a century earlier. As the three men began to converse over lunch, Yanikian revealed to them that he was not Iranian, but in fact Armenian and a survivor of the Armenian genocide. Baydar dropped the banknote in anger and a heated exchange took place, at which time Yanikian pulled a Luger pistol from a hollowed-out book and discharged all nine rounds at the two—hitting them in the shoulders and chest—though none of these wounds were lethal. As Baydar and Demir lay on the ground, Yanikian produced a Browning pistol from a drawer and fired two rounds into the head of each man in what "...he considered mercy shots."
Evaluation
That neither man was alive during the time of the genocide "...mattered little to Yanikian..." according to journalist Michael Bobelian. "Just as Ottoman dehumanization of the Armenians a half century earlier opened the door for so many ordinary citizens to participate in the Genocide, Yanikian came to view the men not as human beings, but as symbols of decades of injustice."
Aftermath
This was the first in a series of Armenian terrorist attacks against Turkish diplomats all over the world. Yanikian was sentenced to life in prison in July 1973 for first-degree murder. He was paroled on health about a month before his death in 1984.
Baydar was survived by his wife, Güner, who he had married 20 months before, and who was pregnant at the time of the homicide.
Legacies
A primary school in Istanbul, and a street in Ankara are named after Demir. A high school in Istanbul and a street in Ankara are named after Mehmet Baydar.
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36e89a7b-d447-417f-a5f5-836f04e66976
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergent"}
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Look up sergent or sèrgent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Sergent may refer to:
Places
People
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1257d018-7e69-401d-934d-43f53e1a1016
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight_for_You_(H.E.R._song)"}
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2020 song by H.E.R.
"Fight for You" is a song by H.E.R. written for the 2021 film Judas and the Black Messiah. H.E.R. co-wrote it with Tiara Thomas and co-composed and co-produced it with D'Mile. RCA Records released it as a digital single on February 4, 2021.
The song received multiple film award-related nominations, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Song, and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 93rd ceremony. It also received three nominations at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards, including Song of the Year, winning for Best Traditional R&B Performance. The song reached the number 43 on Flanders' Ultratip chart.
Composition
H.E.R. co-wrote "Fight for You" with Tiara Thomas, and co-composed and co-produced it with D'Mile. The song was written for the 2020 film Judas and the Black Messiah, a biographical film about how William O'Neal betrayed Fred Hampton, the chairman of the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party in the late 1960s. Film director Shaka King told H.E.R. he wanted to listen to "something contemporary with echoes of 1968". After he heard elements inspired by Curtis Mayfield, he approved the song. H.E.R. said that "[t]here's not much that separates that time and that story from what's going on right now with the Black Lives Matter movement in the Black community". The lyrics discuss racism, police brutality and equality.
Musically, music critics said "Fight for You" was influenced by funk-soul, 1960s rhythm and blues, and 1960s-and-1970s soul music. It has an uptempo sound and starts with "aggressive" drums.
Promotion
"Fight for You" was released as the lead single from Judas and the Black Messiah: The Inspired Album on February 4, 2021. H.E.R. performed the song live at The Late Show With Stephen Colbert in February 2021 and a pre-recorded performance was broadcast at the 93rd Academy Awards pre-show, Oscars: Into the Spotlight.
Critical reception
Kyle Eustice said H.E.R. conveys singer Marvin Gaye on "Fight for You". Andy Kellman commented that the singer shadows "You're the Man" by Gaye.
Accolades
At the 93rd Academy Awards, "Fight for You" won the Best Original Song award, which was called a surprise as "Io sì (Seen)", "Husavik" and "Speak Now" were seen as the favorites.
Charts
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38831e1a-0cbd-48f2-a325-21981ede6585
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Turpan_conflict"}
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The Ming–Turpan conflict (Chinese: 哈密之爭) were a series of conflicts between the Ming dynasty and Khanate of Turpan that erupted due to disputes over borders, trade and internal succession to the throne of Turpan.
The Ming dynasty annexed Kara Del (Qumul, Hami) in 1404 and turned it into Hami Prefecture. In 1406 it defeated the ruler of Turpan.
In 1443, 1445 and 1448 the Oirats under Esen Taishi occupied Qara Del (Hami). Turpan, under Ali (known as Yunus Khan), then seized Hami from Esen in 1473. Ali was driven by the Ming dynasty into Turfan, but he reoccupied it after Ming left. Esen taishi's Mongols recaptured Hami twice in 1482 and 1483.
In 1491 the Ming dynasty installed a descendant of the Yuan dynasty imperial house to the position of Prince of Qumul. They then appointed overseers of each ethnic group residing in Qumul, the position being called tu-tu (In Wade Giles).
The son of Ali, Ahmed (Ahmad Alaq), reconquered it in 1493 and captured the Hami leader Prince Champa and the resident of the Ming in Hami (the Chagatayid Hami was a vassal state to Ming). In response, the Ming dynasty imposed an economic blockade on Turpan and kicked out all the Uyghurs from Gansu. Conditions became so harsh for Turpan that Ahmed left. The Ming army then marched on Qumul. Ahmad Alaq (Hahema) retreated, released Prince Champa, acknowledged his inferior position to the Ming emperor and agreed that Champa would take the throne of Qumul. One of the Ming overseers, Sayyid Husain, was the Muslim overseer in July 1494 and fled to Ming territory when Turpan invaded Qumul, but he plotted with Turpan to be appointed as prince under the rule of Turpan. He was arrested in 1516 and sent to Beijing, but bribed his way into the Zhengde Emperor's inner circle, eventually becoming his homosexual lover, although no evidence supporting this claim exists in Chinese sources.
In the 16th century, the Ming dynasty defeated a series of raids by the Turpan Kingdom under Ahmed's son Mansur and the Oirat Mongols, over disputes on tribute. Fighting broke out in 1517, 1524 and 1528 when the Ming dynasty rejected tribute missions from Turpan. Mansur took over Qumul in 1517. Mansur invaded the Ming dynasty in 1524 with 20,000 men through Suzhou District, but was repulsed by Ming forces, including Mongol troops. The Ming refused to lift the economic blockade and restrictions that had led to the fighting and continued restricting Turpan's tribute and trade with the Ming dynasty. Turfan also annexed Qumul.
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0483e724-6b0b-4f78-933d-05cfa927f507
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American football player (1947–2010)
American football player
Altie Taylor (September 29, 1947 – February 10, 2009) was an American football running back. He played eight seasons in the National Football League, including seven with the Detroit Lions. He led the Lions in rushing for three consecutive years from 1972 to 1974, appeared in 91 games, 83 as a starter, and in 1975 broke the Lions' career record with 4,297 rushing yards
Early years
Taylor was born in Berkeley, California, in 1947. He grew up in Pittsburg, California, and attended Pittsburg High School. He began his college career at Diablo Valley College before transferring to Utah State University. He played for the Utah State Aggies football team from 1966 to 1968. As a junior in 1967, he led the country with a kickoff return average of 31.9 yards. In 1968, he rushed for 975 yards. On September 28, 1968, he returned the opening kickoff 98 yards for a touchdown and rushed for 90 yards on 20 carries. In August 1969, he had a 78-yard kickoff return and a 54-yard pass reception in the Chicago College All-Star Game against the Super Bowl champion New York Jets.
Professional football
Selected by the Detroit Lions in the second round of the 1969 NFL Draft, Taylor played eight years in the NFL, seven of those years for the Lions from 1969 to 1975. During his time with the Lions, Taylor led the team in rushing for three consecutive years from 1972 to 1974, appeared in 91 games, 83 as a starter, and in 1975 broke the Lions' career record with 4,297 rushing yards (surpassing Nick Pietrosante's mark). He was named the Lions' offensive MVP in 1973, a year in which he rushed for 719 yards, including a 160-yard game against the Green Bay Packers on October 28, 1973. Taylor was traded to the Houston Oilers in August 1976, and appeared in 11 games as a backup during the 1976 season. In his eight NFL seasons, Taylor gained 5,846 yards from scrimmage, made up of 4,308 rushing yards and 1,548 receiving yards.
Later years
In March 2010, Taylor died at age 62 at his home in Sacramento, California.
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350d0f56-ca20-4045-97bf-087a7d4743cc
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Disabled Living Foundation (DLF) is a non-profit national charity founded in 1969 in the United Kingdom. It provides information and advice on daily living equipment for older adults and disabled people. DLF runs a national helpline and provides online services which can be of assistance by providing help, advice and suggested courses of action.
DLF holds a subscription database of daily living equipment used by health and social care professionals across the UK. There is an online guided advice tool called "AskSARA", which provides help, advice, and information on aspects of daily living arrangements, health, and home environment. DLF also runs "Living Made Easy", an impartial advice and information website about daily living equipment and other aspects of independent living.
The foundation offers specialised training programmes consisting of CPD-accredited courses which are aimed at professional healthcare providers and carers, as well as informal carers and others who wish to learn more about interactions with disabled and older people.
The advice in "Living made easy" and "AskSARA" is accredited by The Information Standard – a quality filter which helps people to identify reliable information.
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381bd645-705b-409f-ab65-0184604b5b43
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American politician
John S. Heermans (June 7, 1790 – February 17, 1865) was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from St. Lucia County in the 1852 session, and after the county changed its name, from Brevard County in the sessions of 1856, 1858, and 1859. He had also served as a county commissioner for St. Lucia County in 1852. He served as a probate judge in 1851, and from 1853 to 1855.
He served on a committee for the defense of the state during the American Civil War.
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56528c23-3742-4f9e-902c-2dbf77430647
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