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Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport | [
[
"Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Wisconsin"
]
] | airport in Rock County, Wisconsin, USA | and 2 helicopters. Southern Wisconsin AirFest The Southern Wisconsin AirFest was an annual air show that hosted North American jet teams, such as the Blue Angels, the Thunderbirds and the Masters of Disaster. The event was discontinued following the 2012 season. Headliners 2003: The U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds were scheduled to perform but due to an accident in late September they were unable to perform at the show. In their place was the CF-18 Hornet 2004: U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds 2005: U.S. Navy Blue Angels 2006: U.S. Air Force F-16 Viper East Demo Team 2007: U.S. Air Force F-16 Viper | [
"JVL",
"KJVL"
] |
Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport | [
[
"Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport",
"country",
"United States"
],
[
"Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Wisconsin"
]
] | airport in Rock County, Wisconsin, USA | East Demo Team and Codename: Mary's Lamb 2008: Canadian Armed Forces Snowbirds 2009: U.S. Navy Blue Angels 2010: U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds and Canadian Armed Forces Snowbirds 2011: VFA-122 Super Hornet West Coast Demo Team 2012: United States Army Golden Knights Parachute Team and Black Diamond Jet Team Past scheduled airline service SWRA has in the past, had scheduled airline passenger service. In 1979 it had service to Chicago-O'Hare on Republic Airlines and Midstate Airlines. See also Wisconsin World War II Army Airfields 31st Flying Training Wing (World War II) References Other sources Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force | [
"JVL",
"KJVL"
] |
Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport | [
[
"Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport",
"instance of",
"Airport"
],
[
"Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport",
"country",
"United States"
],
[
"Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Wisconsin"
]
] | airport in Rock County, Wisconsin, USA | Base Sites History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC, 2004. Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942-2002. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas ASIN: B000NYX3PC 1943 Glider Program Studies, USAF Historical Studies, Maxwell. External links Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport at Wisconsin Department of Transportation Southern Wisconsin AirFEST, official site Category:1942 establishments in Wisconsin Category:Airports established in 1942 Category:Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Wisconsin Category:Airports in Wisconsin Category:Buildings and structures in Rock County, Wisconsin Category:USAAF Contract Flying School Airfields Category:Former Essential | [
"JVL",
"KJVL"
] |
Karina Habšudová | [
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"occupation",
"Tennis player"
],
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"sport",
"Tennis"
]
] | Slovak tennis player | Karina Habšudová (; born 2 August 1973) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. She has been ranked as high as 10 in the world (1997). Together with Karol Kučera, she won the Hopman Cup in 1998. Her best performance at a Grand Slam tournament came when she got to the quarterfinals of the 1996 French Open, defeating Kristin Godridge, Nathalie Tauziat, Martina Hingis and Anke Huber before losing to Arantxa Sánchez Vicario. She also had a successful junior career. She won the girls' singles at the 1991 US Open, and was junior No. 1 for some time. Biography Born | [
"Karina Habsudova"
] |
Karina Habšudová | [
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"occupation",
"Tennis player"
],
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"place of birth",
"Bojnice"
],
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"sport",
"Tennis"
]
] | Slovak tennis player | in Bojnice, Czechoslovakia, Habšudová originally trained as a gymnast but at the age of ten, she switched to tennis under the encouragement of her mother, herself a former amateur tennis player. By the age of fourteen, she had already become the top junior player in Czechoslovakia. In 1990, she was crowned ITF Junior World Champion, and the following year she won the girls' singles title at the US Open. As a professional, she made the fourth round of the 1991 Australian Open while still a schoolgirl, but her early promise was curtailed by health problems and injuries, including a bout | [
"Karina Habsudova"
] |
Karina Habšudová | [
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"country of citizenship",
"Slovakia"
],
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"country for sport",
"Slovakia"
]
] | Slovak tennis player | 1997 after reaching the final of the Generali Ladies Linz, becoming the first woman representing Slovakia to do so. Though she continued to play on the tour until 2003, she never again matched the same success of her breakthrough season, with later highlights including winning the Hopman Cup in 1998 and her only WTA singles title at the Austrian Open in 1999. In 2001, she reached the semifinals of the Wimbledon mixed doubles tournament partnering David Rikl. Following her retirement, she worked for several years as a sports editor. She married her husband Milan Cílek in 2003 and they have | [
"Karina Habsudova"
] |
Karina Habšudová | [
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"country of citizenship",
"Slovakia"
],
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"place of birth",
"Bojnice"
],
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"sport",
"Tennis"
],
[
"Karina Habšudová",
"country for sport",
"Slovakia"
]
] | Slovak tennis player | three children together. WTA career finals Singles: 5 (1–4) ITF Finals Singles (6–5) Doubles (3–0) Head-to-head record against other players in the top 10 Players who have been ranked world No. 1 are in boldface. Dominique Monami 4–1 Nadia Petrova 0–2 Venus Williams 0–1 Martina Hingis 4–3 Elena Dementieva 0–3 Steffi Graf 0–4 Monica Seles 0–2 Justine Henin 0–1 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 1–6 Patty Schnyder 1–3 Ai Sugiyama 1–2 Amélie Mauresmo 0–1 Conchita Martínez 2–6 Kim Clijsters 1–0 References External links Category:1973 births Category:Hopman Cup competitors Category:Living people Category:People from Bojnice Category:Slovak female tennis players Category:Olympic tennis players of Slovakia | [
"Karina Habsudova"
] |
Informed Decision | [
[
"Informed Decision",
"instance of",
"Horse"
],
[
"Informed Decision",
"father",
"Monarchos"
],
[
"Informed Decision",
"sex or gender",
"Female"
],
[
"Informed Decision",
"animal breed",
"Thoroughbred"
]
] | American Thoroughbred racehorse | Informed Decision (foaled February 5, 2005 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 2009 Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint on her way to being named the American Champion Female Sprint Horse. Background Informed Decision is a gray mare who was bred by Charles Kidder and Nancy Cole in Kentucky. She is sired by Kentucky Derby winner Monarchos, becoming his first Grade I winner. Her dam is Palangana, by His Majesty. She was sold at the 2006 Keeneland yearling sale for $150,000, then was resold at the Fasig-Tipton sale as a two-year-old for $320,000. She was trained | [] |
Informed Decision | [
[
"Informed Decision",
"instance of",
"Horse"
],
[
"Informed Decision",
"sex or gender",
"Female"
]
] | American Thoroughbred racehorse | Mare Sprint, where she was the second betting choice behind defending champion Ventura. Informed Decision got the early jump on her rival, then withstood Ventura's late charge to win by over a length. For her performances in 2009, Informed Decision was voted the Eclipse Award as the American Champion Female Sprint Horse. Informed Decision returned to racing at age five in 2010 but managed only three wins from eight starts. The highlights were wins in the Grade III Chicago Handicap and Presque Isle Downs Masters Stakes. She finished seventh when attempting to defend her title in the Filly & Mare | [] |
Holcombe Ward | [
[
"Holcombe Ward",
"occupation",
"Tennis player"
],
[
"Holcombe Ward",
"educated at",
"Harvard University"
],
[
"Holcombe Ward",
"sport",
"Tennis"
]
] | US tennis player | Holcombe Ward (November 23, 1878 – January 23, 1967) was an American tennis player who was active during the last years of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th. He won the US National Championships singles title in 1904 and additionally won six doubles titles at the Grand Slam event. Biography Ward is best remembered for winning the men's singles title at the US National Championships in 1904 after defeating William Clothier in straight sets in the all-comer's final. He graduated from Harvard University. In 1905 Ward won the London Grass Court Championships, now known as Queen's | [] |
Holcombe Ward | [
[
"Holcombe Ward",
"sport",
"Tennis"
]
] | US tennis player | Club Championships, after a walkover in the final against compatriot Beals Wright. Ward was a member of the USA Davis Cup Team in 1900, 1902, 1905 and 1906. In 1900 and 1902 he played the doubles match in the challenge round which the US team won against the British Isles. In total Ward played 14 Davis Cup matches in seven ties and compiled a 7–7 win-loss record. After his active career Ward became President of the USLTA (U.S. Lawn Tennis Association) from 1937 to 1947. Grand Slam finals Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up) Doubles: 9 (6 titles, 3 runners-up) | [] |
Abel Ferreira | [
[
"Abel Ferreira",
"member of sports team",
"Sporting CP"
],
[
"Abel Ferreira",
"member of sports team",
"F.C. Penafiel"
],
[
"Abel Ferreira",
"member of sports team",
"S.C. Braga"
],
[
"Abel Ferreira",
"place of birth",
"Penafiel"
]
] | Portuguese football player/manager | Abel Fernando Moreira Ferreira (born 22 December 1978), known simply as Abel as a player, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a right back, and the current manager of Greek club PAOK FC. Playing career Abel was born in Penafiel, Porto District. After emerging through hometown club F.C. Penafiel's youth ranks, he developed while at Vitória de Guimarães where he made his Primeira Liga debut. He then signed with another Minho Province-based team for the 2004–05 season, S.C. Braga. Abel transferred to Sporting CP in January 2006, in a two-way loan deal involving Wender, a Brazilian who already | [] |
Abel Ferreira | [
[
"Abel Ferreira",
"member of sports team",
"F.C. Penafiel"
],
[
"Abel Ferreira",
"country of citizenship",
"Portugal"
],
[
"Abel Ferreira",
"place of birth",
"Penafiel"
],
[
"Abel Ferreira",
"sport",
"Association football"
]
] | Portuguese football player/manager | Simão at the helm of Braga's first team. In his first full season in charge he led them to the fourth place, with the subsequent qualification to the UEFA Europa League's third qualifying round. PAOK FC paid a reported €2 million to acquire Ferreira's services on 30 June 2019, after former manager Răzvan Lucescu left for Al-Hilal FC of Saudi Arabia. Managerial statistics Honours Player Sporting Taça de Portugal: 2006–07, 2007–08 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2007, 2008 References External links Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:People from Penafiel Category:Portuguese footballers Category:Association football defenders Category:Primeira Liga players Category:LigaPro players Category:F.C. Penafiel players | [] |
Nokia 6600 | [
[
"Nokia 6600",
"manufacturer",
"Nokia"
],
[
"Nokia 6600",
"operating system",
"Symbian"
]
] | smartphone model | The Nokia 6600 is a smartphone introduced on June 16, 2003 by Nokia, costing approximately €600 when released in October 2003. It was Nokia's high-end model of the 6xxx Classic Business Series. At the time of release, it was the most advanced product ever launched by Nokia, and it runs on Symbian OS 7.0s (Series 60 2nd Edition). It also featured a VGA camera, a music player and video player, Bluetooth and extended storage by memory card, being the second non-Communicator to do so (after the Nokia 3650). The model is still in use in many parts of the world | [] |
Nokia 6600 | [
[
"Nokia 6600",
"manufacturer",
"Nokia"
]
] | smartphone model | and has proved to be a durable product. By many users it is considered as the trend setter phone which proved to be a bright milestone for its manufacturer. The phone was intended to replace the popular 6310i as the predominant business class model in the Nokia range. It should not be confused with the newer Nokia 6600 fold, Nokia 6600 slide and Nokia 6600i phones which have little resemblance to the original 6600. A variant of the Nokia 6600 was launched in the U.S. market as the Nokia 6620. During its lifespan, the 6600 sold 150 million units (along | [] |
Nokia 6600 | [
[
"Nokia 6600",
"manufacturer",
"Nokia"
],
[
"Nokia 6600",
"operating system",
"Symbian"
]
] | smartphone model | with Nokia 1200, Nokia 5230, Samsung E1100), making it one of the most successful phones to date. Features Integrated (VGA 640x480) camera Video recorder with audio support (records up to 95 KB - from 9 to 27 seconds - with built-in recorder application) also Streaming video and audio Wireless connectivity with Bluetooth and IrDA 6 MB internal memory MMC card slot for additional user memory and applications Java MIDP 2.0 and Symbian(series 60) applications Data synchronization with PC via PC Suite and iSync Tri-band operation in GSM E900/1800/1900 networks Additional features: ARM compatible (ARM4T architecture) Symbian Operating System 7.0s CPU | [] |
Nokia 6600 | [
[
"Nokia 6600",
"manufacturer",
"Nokia"
],
[
"Nokia 6600",
"operating system",
"Symbian"
]
] | smartphone model | running at 104 MHz 176x208 (65,536 colours) TFT display 5-way joystick navigation HSCSD and GPRS, for internet/WAP access Although the initial batches of the Nokia 6600 were not stable, later system software upgrades corrected the situation. The phone has the capacity to support the installation of a wide range of third-party software such as mp3 and multimedia players, games, web browsers, office suites, and GUI themes, via Java and ePoc (*.sis) installers. GUI themes can be created using the free Nokia Symbian Theme Studio. The model was released to the general public in two color schemes: black and white and | [] |
Pearson syndrome | [
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"subclass of",
"Mitochondrial disease"
],
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"symptoms",
"Anemia"
],
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"symptoms",
"Anemia"
]
] | mitochondrial metabolism disease | Pearson syndrome is a mitochondrial disease characterized by sideroblastic anemia and exocrine pancreas dysfunction. Other clinical features are failure to thrive, pancreatic fibrosis with insulin-dependent diabetes and exocrine pancreatic deficiency, muscle and neurologic impairment, and, frequently, early death. It is usually fatal in infancy. The few patients who survive into adulthood often develop symptoms of Kearns–Sayre syndrome. It is caused by a deletion in mitochondrial DNA. Pearson syndrome is very rare, less than a hundred cases have been reported in medical literature worldwide. The syndrome was first described by pediatric hematologist and oncologist Howard Pearson in 1979; the deletions causing | [
"Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome",
"Pearson's marrow/pancreas syndrome",
"Sideroblastic Anemia With Marrow Cell Vacuolization and Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction",
"Sideroblastic anemia with marrow cell vacuolization and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (formerly)",
"Pearson's syndrome"
] |
Pearson syndrome | [
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"subclass of",
"Mitochondrial disease"
],
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"symptoms",
"Anemia"
],
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"symptoms",
"Anemia"
]
] | mitochondrial metabolism disease | it were discovered a decade later. Presentation Pearson syndrome is a very rare mitochondrial disorder that is characterized by health conditions such as sideroblastic anemia, liver disease, and exocrine pancreas deficiency. Genetics Pearson syndrome is a mitochondrial disease caused by a deletion in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). An mtDNA is genetic material contained in the cellular organelle called the mitochondria. Depending on the tissue type, each cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria. There are 2–10 mtDNA molecules in each mitochondrion. With mitochondrial disorders caused by defects in the mtDNA, the severity of the disease depends on the number of mutant | [
"Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome",
"Pearson's marrow/pancreas syndrome",
"Sideroblastic Anemia With Marrow Cell Vacuolization and Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction",
"Sideroblastic anemia with marrow cell vacuolization and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (formerly)",
"Pearson's syndrome"
] |
Pearson syndrome | [
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"subclass of",
"Mitochondrial disease"
]
] | mitochondrial metabolism disease | the deletion of 4977 bp. This deletion has been labeled as m.8470_13446del4977. Diagnosing Pearson syndrome utilizes leukocyte DNA with the Southern Blot analysis. This type of mitochondrial DNA deletion are normally more abundant and easily isolated in the blood than in any other tissue type. Mitochondrial disease Pearson syndrome is classified as a mitochondrial disease because it consists of several overlapping syndromes that are caused by mutations of mitochondrial DNA. Specifically, Pearson syndrome is a combination of syndromes that involves the bone marrow and the exocrine pancreas. Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome Pearson marrow pancreas syndrome (PMPS) is a condition that presents | [
"Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome",
"Pearson's marrow/pancreas syndrome",
"Sideroblastic Anemia With Marrow Cell Vacuolization and Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction",
"Sideroblastic anemia with marrow cell vacuolization and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (formerly)",
"Pearson's syndrome"
] |
Pearson syndrome | [
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"symptoms",
"Anemia"
],
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"symptoms",
"Anemia"
]
] | mitochondrial metabolism disease | itself with severe reticulocyto-penic anemia. With the pancreas not functioning properly, this leads to high levels of fats in the liver. PMPS can also lead to diabetes and scarring of the pancreas. Pathophysiology Defining features Blood. With Pearson syndrome, the bone marrow fails to produce white blood cells called neutrophils. The syndrome also leads to anemia, low platelet count, and aplastic anemia. It may be confused with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. Pancreas. Pearson syndrome causes the exocrine pancreas to not function properly because of scarring and atrophy. Individuals with this condition have difficulty absorbing nutrients from their diet which leads | [
"Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome",
"Pearson's marrow/pancreas syndrome",
"Sideroblastic Anemia With Marrow Cell Vacuolization and Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction",
"Sideroblastic anemia with marrow cell vacuolization and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (formerly)",
"Pearson's syndrome"
] |
Pearson syndrome | [
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"symptoms",
"Anemia"
],
[
"Pearson syndrome",
"symptoms",
"Anemia"
]
] | mitochondrial metabolism disease | to malabsorption. Infants with this condition generally do not grow or gain weight. Diagnosis Treatment Currently there are no approved therapies for Pearson Syndrome and patients reply on supportive care. Minovia Therapeutics is the first company to conduct a designated clinical trial for treating patients affected by this disease History Pearson syndrome was initially characterized in 1979 as a fatal disorder that affects infants. It has now been identified as a rare condition that affects multiple systems. The symptoms of Pearson syndrome are mitochondrial cytopathy with anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. References External links Pearson Syndrome research study of Inherited Bone | [
"Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome",
"Pearson's marrow/pancreas syndrome",
"Sideroblastic Anemia With Marrow Cell Vacuolization and Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction",
"Sideroblastic anemia with marrow cell vacuolization and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (formerly)",
"Pearson's syndrome"
] |
49ers–Cowboys rivalry | [
[
"49ers–Cowboys rivalry",
"participating team",
"San Francisco 49ers"
],
[
"49ers–Cowboys rivalry",
"participating team",
"Dallas Cowboys"
]
] | National Football League rivalry | The 49ers–Cowboys rivalry is a National Football League (NFL) rivalry between the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys. The Cowboys lead the series 18-17-1. It is one of the great inter-division rivalry games in the NFL. The two teams do not play every year; instead, they play once every three years due to the NFL's rotating division schedules, or if the two teams finish in the same place in their respective divisions, they would play the ensuing season. Sports Illustrated ranked it as the eighth best rivalry while the NFL Top 10 ranked this rivalry to be the tenth | [] |
David Steelman | [
[
"David Steelman",
"educated at",
"University of Missouri"
],
[
"David Steelman",
"occupation",
"Politician"
]
] | American politician | David Steelman is an American politician from the state of Missouri. David Steelman earned a B.A. in economics from the University of Missouri, and graduated first in his class from the University of Missouri Law School in 1978. He is the son of the late Dorman L. Steelman, who served in the Missouri House of Representatives, as a circuit judge, and as chairman of the Missouri Republican Party. Steelman, a Republican, was elected to his first term in the Missouri House of Representatives in 1978 at the age of 25 (under the state constitution, the minimum age for a state | [] |
David Steelman | [
[
"David Steelman",
"country of citizenship",
"United States"
]
] | American politician | representative is 24). He was re-elected in 1980 and 1982, and was chosen by his colleagues to serve as minority floor leader. Steelman did not seek re-election in 1984, returning to the practice of law in his native Rolla, Missouri. Steelman's House colleague William L. Webster was elected Attorney General in 1984 and re-elected in 1988, and Steelman eventually went to work for Webster as an Assistant Attorney General. Webster vacated the Attorney General's office to run unsuccessfully for governor in 1992, and Steelman ran to succeed him. In the Republican primary, Steelman faced Assistant United States Attorney John Hall, | [] |
Asparagus litoralis | [
[
"Asparagus litoralis",
"taxon rank",
"Species"
]
] | species of plant | Asparagus litoralis, common name coastal asparagus, is an evergreen perennial plant species belonging to the genus Asparagus in the monocot family Asparagaceae. A. litoralis can be found in England, Ukraine (known as Kholodok pryberezhny), Russia (known as Sparzha pribrezhnaya), Bulgaria (known as Asperja) and Turkey (known as Kiyi asparagusu). It commonly grows on the coast of a country where it derives its name. Description Asparagus litoralis is an herbaceous perennial that grows up to of height. The top of the branches is where flowers normally bloom. In May and June the flowers bloom and in July and August it starts | [] |
Hasui Kawase | [
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"student of",
"Kiyokata Kaburagi"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"student of",
"Okada Saburōsuke"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"movement",
"Shin-hanga"
]
] | Japanese artist (1883-1957) | [[File:Brooklyn Museum - Untitled - Kawase Hasui.jpg|thumb|"The Pine Island in Night Rain" from The Mitsubishi Mansion in Fukagawa" by Hasui Kawase, 1920]] was a Japanese artist. He was one of the most prominent print designers of the shin-hanga ("new prints") movement. Life From youth Hasui dreamed of an art career, but his parents had him take on the family rope and thread wholesaling business. Its bankruptcy when he was 26 freed him to pursue art. He approached Kiyokata Kaburagi to teach him, but Kaburagi instead encouraged him to study Western-style painting, which he did with Okada Saburōsuke for two years. | [
"Bunjiro Kasawe",
"Bunjirō Kawase",
"Hasui Kasawe",
"Kawase Hasui",
"Hasui",
"Kasawe Bunjirô"
] |
Hasui Kawase | [
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"country of citizenship",
"Japan"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"work location",
"Japan"
]
] | Japanese artist (1883-1957) | Two years later he again applied as a student to Kaburagi, who this time accepted him. After seeing an exhibition of Shinsui Itō's Eight Views of Lake Biwa Hasui approached Shinsui's publisher Shōzaburō Watanabe, who had Hasui make three experimental prints that Watanabe published in August 1918. The series Twelve Views of Tokyo, Eight Views of the Southeast, and the first Souvenirs of Travel of 16 prints followed in 1919, each issued two prints at a time. Hasui's twelve-print A Collection of Scenes of Japan begun in 1922 went unfinished when the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake destroyed Watanabe's workshop, including | [
"Bunjiro Kasawe",
"Bunjirō Kawase",
"Hasui Kasawe",
"Kawase Hasui",
"Hasui",
"Kasawe Bunjirô"
] |
Hasui Kawase | [
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"student of",
"Kiyokata Kaburagi"
]
] | Japanese artist (1883-1957) | the finished woodblocks for the yet-undistributed prints and Hasui's sketchbooks. Hasui travelled the Hokuriku, San'in, and San'yō regions later in 1923 and upon his return in February 1924 developed his sketches into his third Souvenirs of Travel series. Kawase studied ukiyo-e and Japanese style painting at the studio of Kiyokata Kaburagi. He mainly concentrated on making watercolors of actors, everyday life and landscapes, many of them published as illustrations in books and magazines in the last few years of the Meiji period and early Taishō period. During the forty years of his artistic career, Hasui worked closely with Shōzaburō Watanabe, | [
"Bunjiro Kasawe",
"Bunjirō Kawase",
"Hasui Kasawe",
"Kawase Hasui",
"Hasui",
"Kasawe Bunjirô"
] |
Hasui Kawase | [
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"country of citizenship",
"Japan"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"work location",
"Japan"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"movement",
"Shin-hanga"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"relative",
"Kanagaki Robun"
]
] | Japanese artist (1883-1957) | publisher and advocate of the shin-hanga movement. His works became widely known in the West through American connoisseur Robert O. Muller (1911–2003). In 1956, he was named a Living National Treasure in Japan. Hasui's younger brother Kasuke moved to London in 1916 to work as an accountant for Okura and Co, he married an English woman, Clara Greenfield, they have one surviving daughter Kathleen and grand daughter Karen Kawase. His maternal uncle was Kanagaki Robun (仮名垣 魯文?) with the pen name of Nozaki Bunzō (野崎 文蔵?) (1829–1894), a Japanese author and journalist, producing the first manga magazine. Style Kawase worked | [
"Bunjiro Kasawe",
"Bunjirō Kawase",
"Hasui Kasawe",
"Kawase Hasui",
"Hasui",
"Kasawe Bunjirô"
] |
Hasui Kawase | [
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"country of citizenship",
"Japan"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"work location",
"Japan"
]
] | Japanese artist (1883-1957) | almost exclusively on landscape and townscape prints based on sketches he made in Tokyo and during travels around Japan. However, his prints are not merely meishō (famous places) prints that are typical of earlier ukiyo-e masters such as Hiroshige and Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849). Kawase's prints feature locales that are tranquil and obscure in urbanizing Japan. Hasui considered himself a realist and employed his training in Western painting in his compositions. Like Hiroshige he made travel and landscape prints, though his subjects were less known locations rendered with naturalistic light, shade, and texture, without the captions and titles that were standard | [
"Bunjiro Kasawe",
"Bunjirō Kawase",
"Hasui Kasawe",
"Kawase Hasui",
"Hasui",
"Kasawe Bunjirô"
] |
Hasui Kawase | [
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"country of citizenship",
"Japan"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"occupation",
"Printmaker"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"work location",
"Japan"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"movement",
"Shin-hanga"
]
] | Japanese artist (1883-1957) | in prints of Hiroshige's age. Kawase left a large body of woodblock prints and watercolors: many of the watercolors are linked to the woodblock prints. He also produced oil paintings, traditional hanging scrolls and a few byōbu (folding screens). In the West, Kawase is mainly known as a Japanese woodblock printmaker. He and Hiroshi Yoshida are widely regarded as two of the greatest artists of the shin-hanga style, and are known especially for their landscape prints. Important works Twelve Scenes of Tokyo (1919–1921) Selections of Scenes of Japan (1922–1926) Snow at Zojo Temple (1953) Hall of the Golden Hue, Hiraizumi | [
"Bunjiro Kasawe",
"Bunjirō Kawase",
"Hasui Kasawe",
"Kawase Hasui",
"Hasui",
"Kasawe Bunjirô"
] |
Hasui Kawase | [
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"country of citizenship",
"Japan"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"work location",
"Japan"
],
[
"Hasui Kawase",
"has works in the collection",
"Minneapolis Institute of Art"
]
] | Japanese artist (1883-1957) | (1957; Kawase's final work) About dating of the prints: Many of them are reprinted 1960 after Kawase's death. (In Japan, it is unusual to number the prints, e.g. "5th of 100".) Representation of work in Public Collections The Temple Honmonji, Ikegami (1931) woodblock print, Los Angeles County Museum of Art Early Summer Rain, Arakawa River (1932) woodblock print; ink and color on paper, Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minnesota References Works cited Further reading Brown, Kendall and Newland, Amy Reigle. Kawase Hasui: the Complete Woodblock Prints''. Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2003. External links Kawase Hasui's works at Tokyo Digital museum Dream Worlds: | [
"Bunjiro Kasawe",
"Bunjirō Kawase",
"Hasui Kasawe",
"Kawase Hasui",
"Hasui",
"Kasawe Bunjirô"
] |
Down Under | [
[
"Down Under",
"country of origin",
"Australia"
],
[
"Down Under",
"narrative location",
"Australia"
]
] | 2016 film by Abe Forsythe | The term Down Under is a colloquialism which is variously construed to refer to Australia and New Zealand. The term comes from the fact that these countries are in the Southern Hemisphere, "below" many other countries, on the usual arrangement of a map or globe which places cardinal north at the top. The term has been in use since the late 19th century and the persistence of the media use of the term has led to its wide acceptance and usage. The Men at Work song "Down Under" became a patriotic rallying song for Australians. The Russian-Australian boxing champion Kostya | [] |
Down Under | [
[
"Down Under",
"country of origin",
"Australia"
],
[
"Down Under",
"narrative location",
"Australia"
]
] | 2016 film by Abe Forsythe | Tszyu was nicknamed "The Thunder from Down Under", as is Australian snooker player Neil Robertson. When the then Miss Australia Jennifer Hawkins was crowned as Miss Universe 2004 in Quito, Ecuador, she was called by the same nickname by host Billy Bush. According to Roger Ebert's tongue-in-cheek Glossary of Movie Terms, the Down Under Rule: The Tour Down Under is a cycling race in and around Adelaide, South Australia, and since 2009 has been the inaugural event of the UCI World Tour Ranking calendar, which culminates in the Giro di Lombardia. References Further reading Category:Australian culture Category:New Zealand culture Category:English-language | [] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"country",
"Canada"
],
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
],
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"drainage basin",
"Batiscanie"
]
] | river in Canada | Rivière des Envies (River of cravings, in a direct translation) is located in Canada, in the province of Quebec, in the Mauricie administrative region, in the Batiscanie. Rivière des Envies course from the outlet of Lac-de-la-Traverse, located in row St-Joseph, Sainte-Thècle. This lake is fed by the outlet of Lake Aylwin, which in turn is fed by the discharge of Lake Jesuit (and lakes of surrounding mountains). The watershed of the rivière des envies is , i.e. the second largest watershed of Batiscanie. The basin is shared by three regional county municipalities: • MRC of Mékinac (for Sainte-Thècle, Saint-Tite, Hérouxville | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | and Saint-Séverin), • MRC of Shawinigan (for Lac-à-la-Tortue), • MRC des Chenaux (for Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux)). Although the territory of the municipality of Saint-Adelphe is in the center of the arc formed by the course of the "River des Envies", this place is excluded from this watershed but a little area at the south-west—at the boundary with Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux). Course The water of the river flows through municipalities of Sainte-Thècle, Saint-Tite, the boundary east of Hérouxville (about 4 km, along Row South, between the road Paquin and the road Lefebvre), Saint-Séverin and Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux). The river empties in | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
],
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"mouth of the watercourse",
"Batiscan River"
]
] | river in Canada | Batiscan river at the southern edge of the village of Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux). The course of the river is especially cravings in agriculture. The river runs through a forest especially between Sainte-Thècle and Saint-Tite; downstream from Saint-Tite, the river passes through a few small areas of forest. The river also passes through the villages of Saint-Tite, Saint-Séverin and Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux). Spring floods generate significant flooding upstream of the railway bridge in the village of Saint-Tite. From the intersection of the road Marchand and road St-Joseph in Sainte-Thècle, up to the village of Saint-Tite, through the area of the large | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | marshes (Grands marais, in French), Rivière des Envies is taking a very winding course. This area was conducive for beavers and moose that probably attracted aboriginals in prehistory. Major tributaries The main tributaries of the "Rivière des Envies" are (from the head): Left Bank: • Discharge of Lake-aux-Chicots (in Sainte-Thècle) which receives the waters of the "rivière en coeur" (river in heart) at the site of the former sawmill of Clement Saint-Amand. The head of this small river is the "Lac en coeur" (lake in heart) which flows successively in "Lac des tounnes" and "Lac Croche" (crooked lake). • Le | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | Bourdais Creek (Saint-Tite) • Stream of Fools (ruisseau des fous) (Saint-Tite), • Second Dick Creek (Saint-Tite). Right bank: • Archange Creek (Saint-Tite), taking its source at Lake Archange, • Eric Creek (Saint-Tite), which flows into the "River des Envies" slightly upstream from the mouth of the Little Mekinac North River, • Little Mékinac North River (Saint-Tite), which flows into the "River des Envies" at about upstream of the town of Saint-Tite. Note: the river "small Mekinac South" empties into the "small Mekinac North River", from the mouth of the latter, • Dessureault creek(Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux)), • Turtle River (ou rivière | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
],
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"tributary",
"Rivière à la Tortue"
]
] | river in Canada | à la tortue) at (Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux)). The most important tributaries of the "rivière des Envies" (carvings river) are the Little Mékinac North River and "Rivière à la tortue" (Tortoise river). Major lakes The main lakes flowing into the tributaries of the river (or directly) are grouped by municipality: Sainte-Thècle: Lake Jesuit (Lac du Jésuite), Lake de la Traverse, Lake Croche, Lake-aux-Chicots and "Lake-des-Tounes"; Saint-Tite: Lake Archange, lake-à-la-perchaude, lake Trottier, lake Éric and lake Roberge; Shawinigan (sector Lac-à-la-Tortue): Turtle Lake (Lac-à-la-Tortue, in French). On the south-west of the village of Saint-Tite, a bulge in the "rivière des envies" created the | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | lake Kapibouska. Likely caused by a series of beaver dams, Lake Kapibouska is now gone. The watershed of the "River des Envies" also includes about half of the space covered by a large wetland located southeast of Lac-à-la-Tortue. Toponymy The first known mention of the name "Rivière des Envies" (Carvings River) is a document written in 1757 by the Jesuit brother Jean-Joseph Casot (1728-1880), even before the first settlers arrived at the sector of Rivière-des-Envies in Saint-Stanislas. Jean-Joseph Casot (born in Belgium in 1728) came from France in 1757 and was ordained a priest in 1766. In 1760, eleven families | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | floods can also be caused by prolonged heavy rains. Major floods have occurred: Fall between 1924 and 1926, when there were heavy rains for a week. Many of the bridges over the "river-des-Envies" were swept from Sainte-Thècle up to Saint-Stanislas. The village of Saint-Tite and area meander upstream, suffered flood; In 1936 when the dam of Lake Roberge (Grandes-Piles) was broken. Several bridges have been swept away by the current, the four bridges at Saint-Séverin and several docks bridge filled with stones. Some portion of the city of Saint-Tite was then flooded. Main bridges Note: Bridges listed in order from | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | the mouth. Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux) 1. Road Bridge 352 (situated at the southern boundary of the village of Saint-Stanislas (Les Chenaux), at the mouth of the river. 2. Jesuit mill, near upstream of the existing bridge road 352. 3. Marchand Road Bridge, which connects the south shore to road 159 (on the north side). 4. Bridge of the road 159, about by water from the mouth. 5. Ex-railway bridge, upstream of the bridge near the road 159. Saint-Séverin (Mékinac) 6. Bridge road of Trefflé Veillette, connecting Road "Rivière des Envies" (south-east), with the "Chemin de la Rivière-des-Envies" (north-east). This bridge | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | The railway arrived in Saint-Tite in 1884. 12. Du Moulin Street Bridge (Mill Street Bridge) in the village of Saint-Tite. This bridge is about by water from the railway bridge, due to the sinuosity of the river (or 1.5 kilometres in a direct line). An iron bridge was built on Du Moulin Street in 1923 and replaced in 1984 by the current bridge. 13. Bridge of Le Bourdais Street (Road 153) in Saint-Tite. This bridge is about upstream by water from Du Moulin Street Bridge, due to the sinuosity of the river (or 1 kilometre in a direct line). 14. | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | Road of North Upper Lake bridge (Haut du Lac Nord), at the North-West of Saint-Tite village. This bridge is in a direct line from Le Bourdais Street Bridge. The tributary Little Mékinac North River (Petite Rivière Mékinac Nord) taking its source at Lake Roberge in Saint-Tite, empties into the "Rivière des Envies" downstream of the Road of North Upper Lake Bridge (Haut du lac Nord). Pierre Lebrun published in the book "Histoire de Saint-Tite (History of Saint-Tite) - 1833 to 1984" as the first parish core was formed right in front of the mouth of the Little Mékinac North River. | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Rivière des Envies | [
[
"Rivière des Envies",
"instance of",
"River"
]
] | river in Canada | He noted: "And the first bridge over the Rivière des Envies at the top of the third portage, was more than two miles above the city center of Saint-Tite. And they built a bridge over the Little Mékinac North River before erecting one near at the first chapel of Saint-Tite." 15. Germain Road Bridge, in Saint-Tite. This bridge is about in a direct line upstream from the Upper North Lake road bridge in Saint-Tite. Sainte-Thècle 16. Sawmill Alfred Naud's bridge, located in row Saint-Joseph-South, in Sainte-Thècle, on the fifth lot of land (formerly known "land of the fall") from the | [
"Riviere des Envies"
] |
Broadkill River | [
[
"Broadkill River",
"instance of",
"River"
],
[
"Broadkill River",
"country",
"United States"
],
[
"Broadkill River",
"mouth of the watercourse",
"Delaware Bay"
]
] | river in the United States of America | The Broadkill River is a river flowing to Delaware Bay in southern Delaware in the United States. It is long and drains an area of on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Broadkill flows for its entire length in eastern Sussex County. It issues from Wagamons Pond in the town of Milton; the pond is fed by two tributaries known as Ingram Branch and Pemberton Branch. From Milton, the Broadkill River flows generally eastwardly, passing through wetlands and salt marshes in the Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge. After approaching to within of Delaware Bay, the river parallels the shoreline a short | [] |
Broadkill River | [
[
"Broadkill River",
"instance of",
"River"
],
[
"Broadkill River",
"country",
"United States"
]
] | river in the United States of America | distance inland for approximately before flowing into the bay, approximately northwest of Lewes. The United States Coast Guard maintains a station near the mouth of the Broadkill. The mouth is connected to Rehoboth Bay by the Lewes and Rehoboth Canal, which forms part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. In the 19th century the river was the center of a regional shipbuilding industry, arising from the access it furnished to inland forests; the industry fell into decline in the 1890s. A footpath known as the Governors Walk follows the Broadkill in central Milton. The Nature Conservancy established a preserve along the | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"country",
"Germany"
],
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
],
[
"Maschsee",
"basin country",
"Germany"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | The Maschsee is an artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany. Spanning an area of 78 hectares, it is the largest body of water within the capital of Lower Saxony. The lake is a popular recreation area as well as a venue for numerous water sports. Name The name of the lake stems from the so-called “Leinemarsch“, or simply ”Marsch“, meaning swamp. This is the historical description for the area in which the lake was built, that was in a deep-lying floodplain of the River Leine. Construction Design It was first considered to create a | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | lake in the wide river valley of the River Leine near Hanover during the late 19th century. This tied in with the by-then necessary dyking of the River Leine and the River Ihme, which would regularly flood the city after snow melted in the Harz Mountains in spring. The creation of a lake could reduce the threat of high water levels and put the Leine's river valley area to better use. In the course of the decades there were further, very different designs: Small solutions and larger ones, which envisaged the Schützenplatz (shooting range) as an island in the lake. | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | In September 1925 the newly elected city mayor Arthur Menge commissioned Otto Franzius, a water engineer and professor at the Hanover Technical College (now Leibniz University Hannover), to work out the details of the construction of a lake together with the city's building authorities. Franzius was to be responsible for the designing of the hydro-engineering and hydrological elements of the project, while the city authorities, led by Karl Elkart, would handle the urban development aspects. In contrast to the original idea that the lake be dug down into swamp land and then be supplied with water by the Leine, a | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | burning in 1933. The landmark was eventually demolished in 1935 during the course of the lake's construction. Job creation In the 1930s, the era of the Great Depression, the city of Hanover lacked the necessary finance for the commencement of the Maschsee project, even though the project had already been planned some ten years earlier. The project was favourable for the Nazi Party that came to power in January 1933 as it would help reduce unemployment levels, which was a central theme of their propaganda. On 28 November 1933 the project was approved at a meeting of the city council. | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"inception",
"1936"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | 1,650 people had been involved to excavate roughly 780,000 square metres of earth to create the lake basin. With the Maschsee project fully completed by early 1936, the official opening took place on 21 May 1936. Hundreds of thousands of Hanoverians and guests looked on from the edge of the lake as the event began with the then-typical trooping of the Nazi Party. In addition some 6,000 sporting persons took part in a rally along with the armed forces and public officials. During World War II the lake was covered up with canvasses and fake landscapes created on floating islands | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | created, in an attempt to confuse Allied bomber pilots of their whereabouts during air raids on Hanover. Water supply The water level loses a maximum of 1.3 centimetres per day through evaporation and water seepage, which equates to 10,000 cubic metres of water. In order to maintain a constant level, a pump station at a series of ponds in Ricklingen provides the Maschsee with a water supply. Its three pumps send water along an pipe to the "source" of the Maschsee. Depending on weather conditions, between 1-2 million m3 of water are required. From November until February no pumping is | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | The Hanover city administration therefore decided in 1960 to build the new pump station at the Ricklingen Ponds, in order to supply the lake with groundwater. The old pumping house is only active today if the oxygen content of the water is too low, as this water is supplied to the lake through an open-air three-stage cascading system that raises oxygen levels. It is also put into use during the Maschseefest. Today the old pumping house is used as a club house by the Hanover Sport Club. Leisure activities Maschseefest Every summer the Maschseefest is held over several weeks beside | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | public bathing area though since 2009 over half of the bathing area is only accessible to members of the private Aspria club. Exercising With its proximity to the centre of Hanover, the Maschsee is a popular recreation area for the city's walkers and joggers. In 2005 a 6 km long route around the lake was mapped out by the German Athletics Association. This track runs along the footpath, closer to the water than the asphalt-coated cycle path. Since 2003 the cycle path has also been open for roller skating usage. Ice activities If the lake freezes in Winter with the | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"inception",
"1936"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | Calder (1972) as well as the bronze Olympic torchbearer that stands atop an stone column and "Putto on the Fish" that were both created by Hermann Scheuernstuhl (1936). Other sculptures on the eastern side are the "Menschenpaar" by Georg Kolbe (1936–37) and two lion sculptures created by Arno Breker (1938). In 1948 Erich Haberland unveiled his piece "The Swimmer", which stands in the public bathing area. Spanish artist Santiago Sierra caused a sensation in 2005 when he remembered the fact that the Maschsee was built through a Nazi work programme by installing a walk-in room filled with mud at the | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | Kestner Society Art Gallery. A light art project was held around the lake at the start of 2009 under the title "New Moon on the Lake". The display consisted of 22 illuminated pieces that had been created by international artists, which formed the opening of the 2009 Garden Project in Hanover. Accessibility The Maschsee lies close to such other notable places as the New City Hall, the Lower Saxony State Museum, the Sprengel Museum, the AWD-Arena (home of the football club Hannover 96), the main city indoor swimming pool as well as the Lower Saxony broadcasting houses of television channels | [] |
Maschsee | [
[
"Maschsee",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Hanover"
]
] | Artificial lake situated south of the city centre of Hanover in Germany | NDR and ZDF. The lake is directly accessible by using the bus stops at the AWD Arena and the Sprengel Museum. Additional bus and tram stops such as the Aegidientorplatz, Schlägerstraße, Geibelstraße, Altenbekener Damm and Döhren Tower also lie in relatively close proximity to the lake. Numerous foot and cycle paths lead to the Maschsee and follow along its shoreline. The western side of the lake, where the club houses of numerous water sport clubs are situated, is only accessible by foot or cycle as vehicles are not permitted without official permission. References External links The Maschsee at Hanover Tourist | [] |
Patricia Fara | [
[
"Patricia Fara",
"educated at",
"University of Oxford"
],
[
"Patricia Fara",
"occupation",
"Historian"
],
[
"Patricia Fara",
"given name",
"Patricia"
],
[
"Patricia Fara",
"employer",
"University of Cambridge"
],
[
"Patricia Fara",
"place of birth",
"Oxford"
]
] | British historian | Patricia Fara is a historian of science at the University of Cambridge. She is a graduate of the University of Oxford and did her PhD at the University of London. She is a former Fellow of Darwin College and is an Emeritus Fellow of Clare College where she was previously Director of Studies in the History and Philosophy and Science. Fara was also a College Teaching Officer in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science. From 2016 to 2018 Fara was President of the British Society for the History of Science. In 2016 she became President of the Antiquarian | [] |
Patricia Fara | [
[
"Patricia Fara",
"given name",
"Patricia"
]
] | British historian | Darwin: Sex, Science, and Serendipity (2012). Her most recent book is A Lab of One's Own: Science and Suffrage in the First World War" (2017).Bruton, Elizabeth (2018) 'When Suffragettes kicked open the lab door' Nature 10 January 2018 In 2013, Fara published an article in Nature (journal), stressing the fact that biographies of female scientists perpetuate stereotypes. Awards 2011 Dingle Prize, British Society for the History of Science for Science: A Four Thousand Year History (2009) Bibliography Fara, Patricia (2002) An Entertainment for Angels: Electricity in the Enlightenment Icon Books Fara, Patricia (2002) Newton: The Making of Genius Pan-MacMillan Fara, | [] |
Patricia Fara | [
[
"Patricia Fara",
"given name",
"Patricia"
],
[
"Patricia Fara",
"place of birth",
"Oxford"
]
] | British historian | Patricia (2002) Scientists Anonymous: Great Stories of Women in Science. Totem Books. Fara, Patricia (2004) Pandora's Breeches: Women, Science and Power in the Enlightenment Pimlico Books Fara, Patricia (2005) Fatal Attraction: Magnetic Mysteries of the Enlightenment Icon Books Fara, Patricia (2009) Science: A Four Thousand Year History Oxford University Press Broadcasts BBC Radio 4 In Our Time 'Ada Lovelace' 6 March 2008 BBC Radio 4 In Our Time 'Vitalism' 28 October 2008. BBC Radio 4 In Our Time 'Baconian Science' 2 April 2009. BBC Radio 4 In Our Time 'Calculus' 24 September 2009 BBC Radio 4 In Our Time 'Women | [] |
South Main Street Historic District | [
[
"South Main Street Historic District",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Missouri"
]
] | building in Missouri, United States | the National Register of Historic Places South Main and South Elm Streets Historic District, Henderson, Kentucky, listed on the National Register of Historic Places South Main Street Historic District (Versailles, Kentucky), listed on the National Register of Historic Places South Main Street Historic District (Walton, Kentucky), listed on the National Register of Historic Places South Main Historic District (Grenada, Mississippi), listed on the National Register of Historic Places South Main Street Historic District (Fayette, Missouri), listed on the National Register of Historic Places South Main Street Historic District (Joplin, Missouri), listed on the National Register of Historic Places South Main | [] |
No Average Angel | [
[
"No Average Angel",
"instance of",
"Album"
],
[
"No Average Angel",
"record label",
"785 Records"
]
] | album by Tiffany Giardina | No Average Angel is the second studio album by American singer Tiffany Giardina. The album was released on January 20, 2009 through 785 Records and sold 2,400 copies in its first week. The singles, "Hurry Up and Save Me" and "No Average Angel" were also included on the Another Cinderella Story soundtrack. Composition Recording sessions began in 2008. When asked about her album, Giardina responded "It’s basically just about being yourself and not being afraid to be who you are." In an interview with "Artist Direct", she talked about the songs on the album, saying "Every song has a different | [] |
No Average Angel | [
[
"No Average Angel",
"instance of",
"Album"
]
] | album by Tiffany Giardina | story, experience and vibe to it. I'm so excited for this album to come out. I really got involved in every aspect, from the writing to the artwork. It's very personal for me, and I couldn't be happier with it." She stated that her role-model is Audrey Hepburn. The closest song from the album for Giardina is "Falling Down", stating "The song's about persevering. If you're having a bad day, keep moving forward. If you're falling down, pick yourself back up and move on." When asked why she chose to cover "Eternal Flame" she said "It's one of my favorite | [] |
No Average Angel | [
[
"No Average Angel",
"instance of",
"Album"
]
] | album by Tiffany Giardina | from Artist Direct, gave the album 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "On her debut album, the 15-year-old, New York City-reared songstress exudes bucketfuls of sass, tossing her long, curly tendrils and singing in a high pitch that will magnetically attract rebellious tweeners to her music." and "Giardina will certainly appeal to the pre-teen set in a way that Britney Spears no longer can. No Average Angel is a fluffy, frothy collection of bubblegum pop in a day and age where blowing bubbles is still fun!" Farnaz Youshei from Campus Circle gave the album a D- writing "The 16-year-old, | [] |
No Average Angel | [
[
"No Average Angel",
"instance of",
"Album"
]
] | album by Tiffany Giardina | whose music has been featured in Another Cinderella Story and Disney's Tinker Bell, sounds like any other Disney-produced teen pop star. It is true that Giardina is not signed to the Disney label, however, it is hard not to notice the similarities between her resonance and those of Disney productions like Miley Cyrus. No Average Angel is just a regular one." Promotion Giardina performed "No Average Angel" at the 2008 UBS Parade Spectacula in Stamford, Connecticut. On January 18, 2009, Giardina had a release party for her album at FYE in Port Chester, New York where she performed some of | [] |
No Average Angel | [
[
"No Average Angel",
"instance of",
"Album"
]
] | album by Tiffany Giardina | the songs off the album. A TV commercial aired on Nickelodeon and Disney Channel to promote the album which features a male announcer. She also performed songs from the album at the 2009 Bamboozle in New Jersey. Singles The first single off the album was "Hurry Up and Save Me" and the second was "No Average Angel". Both music videos was shot in New York City. The videos have Tiffany running around New York City. She's clumsy and she runs into people. She finds herself in these weird scenarios. She ends up in Times Square singing to her friends. Both | [] |
No Average Angel | [
[
"No Average Angel",
"instance of",
"Album"
]
] | album by Tiffany Giardina | videos were directed by Andrew Bennett. Both singles were also on a miniature EP, also called "No Average Angel". It was only available for a limited edition. It was released November 25, 2008 only at FYE. Track listing Notes Song lengths, writing credits and producing credits taken from the No Average Angel liner notes. The first 1,000 copies of the album includes a DVD with the music videos for "No Average Angel" and "Hurry Up and Save Me". Personnel Credits for No Average Angel adapted from Artist Direct. Tiffany Giardina - Lead Vocals Brian Malouf - Mixing Sean Hurley - | [] |
Roopam Sharma | [
[
"Roopam Sharma",
"instance of",
"Human"
],
[
"Roopam Sharma",
"country of citizenship",
"India"
]
] | Indian computer scientist | Roopam Sharma, (born 24 May 1995) is an Indian scientist. He is best known for his work on Manovue, a technology which enables the visually impaired to read printed text. His research interests include Wearable Computing, Mobile Application Development, Human Centered Design, Computer Vision, AI and Cognitive Science. Roopam was recently awarded the Gifted Citizen Prize 2016 and has been listed as one of the top 8 Innovators Under 35 by the MIT Technology Review for the year 2016 in India. Roopam believes that people with passion can change the world for the better. In 2018, he was honoured as | [] |
Roopam Sharma | [
[
"Roopam Sharma",
"educated at",
"Manav Rachna University"
],
[
"Roopam Sharma",
"place of birth",
"Faridabad"
],
[
"Roopam Sharma",
"country of citizenship",
"India"
]
] | Indian computer scientist | part of Asia's 21 Young Leaders Initiative in Manila. Early life, education and research Roopam was born on May 24, 1995 in Faridabad, Haryana, India to Nirmal and Krishna Dutt Sharma. He has a brother Rahul and a sister Priyanka. Roopam comes from a very humble, middle-class family. He is an alumnus of Ryan International School, Faridabad and Modern Vidya Niketan, Faridabad and went on to study Bachelors of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering at Manav Rachna University in Faridabad, Haryana. It wasn’t out of any of his creative desires that he chose Engineering. He and his parents thought | [] |
Roopam Sharma | [
[
"Roopam Sharma",
"educated at",
"Manav Rachna University"
]
] | Indian computer scientist | that engineering was one career where he would not starve. Roopam began his research and innovation journey during his sophomore year of undergraduate school at Manav Rachna University with a belief that students who worked in research and development in college got better job opportunities but destiny had other plans for him. Roopam's contributions to the society proves that he innovates for the betterment of the society. Inventions Roopam's project Manovue, developed by Eyeluminati, which is the world's first intelligent personal assisting system for the visually impaired. It's an inexpensive technology that does 3 main things: It enables the user | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire occurred de facto on 6 August 1806, when the final Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, abdicated his title and released all imperial states and officials from their oaths and obligations to the empire. Since the Middle Ages, the Holy Roman Empire had been recognized by Western Europeans as the legitimate continuation of the ancient Roman Empire due to its emperors having been proclaimed as Roman emperors by the Papacy. Through this Roman legacy, the Holy Roman Emperors claimed to be universal monarchs whose jurisdiction extended beyond their empire's | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | formal borders to all of Christian Europe and beyond. The formation of the first modern sovereign territorial states in the 16th and 17th centuries, which brought with it the idea that jurisdiction corresponded to actual territory governed, threatened the universal nature of the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire by the time of the 18th century was widely regarded by contemporaries, both inside and outside the empire, as a highly "irregular" monarchy and "sick", having a "unusual" form of government. The empire lacked both a central standing army and a central treasury and its monarchs, formally elective rather than | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
],
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | hereditary, could not exercise effective central control. Even then, most contemporaries believed that the empire could be revived and restored to glory. The Holy Roman Empire did not experience its true terminal decline before its involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Although the empire defended itself quite well initially, war with France and Napoleon proved catastrophic. In 1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself as the Emperor of the French, which Francis II responded to by proclaiming himself the Emperor of Austria, in addition to already being the Holy Roman Emperor, an attempt at maintaining parity between France and | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
],
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | Austria while also illustrating that the Holy Roman title outranked them both. Austria's defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz in December 1805 and the secession of a large number of Francis II's German vassals in July 1806 to form the Confederation of the Rhine, a French satellite state, effectively meant the end of the Holy Roman Empire. The abdication in August 1806, combined with a dissolution of the entire imperial hierarchy and its institutions, was seen as necessary to prevent the possibility of Napoleon proclaiming himself as Holy Roman Emperor, something which would have reduced Francis II to Napoleon's vassal. | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | plot by their local authorities. In Germany, the dissolution was widely compared to the ancient and semi-legendary Fall of Troy and some associated the end of what they perceived to be the Roman Empire with the end times and the apocalypse. Background Ideology of the Holy Roman Empire The defining characteristic of the Holy Roman Empire was the idea that the Holy Roman Emperor represented the leading monarch in Europe and that their empire was the one true continuation of the Roman Empire of Antiquity, through proclamation by the Popes in Rome. It was the firm belief of its emperors | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | that they were the sole genuine emperors in Europe and although they had formally recognized the rulers of Russia as emperors in 1606 and the sultans of the Ottoman Empire as emperors in 1721, these recognitions were conditional on the fact that the Holy Roman Emperor was always pre-eminent. The pre-eminence of the emperor was an expression of the idea that the Holy Roman Empire, theoretically, extended over all Christians in a universal manner. Because the empire at no point ruled over all of Christian Europe, this idea was always an ideal rather than a reality. Imperial authority rested not | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | on the emperor's own crown lands (though there were large crown lands in the 18th and 19th centuries) but on the emperor's role as the highest secular ruler in the world and a champion and advocate of the Catholic Church. The lack of a defined capital and consistent crown lands reinforced the idea that the imperial title was universal as it was not necessarily associated with any one area. Throughout its long existence, the Holy Roman Empire was a central element in international relations in Europe, not only because the empire itself was often one of the most powerful on | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | when the possibility of permanent peace with the Ottoman Empire, widely seen as the mortal enemies of Christian Europe, was accepted through the 1699 Peace of Karlowitz. Both the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire continued to claim their traditional rights of universal jurisdiction into the early modern period, that it was their reight to exercise jurisdiction throughout the entire world, even if they did not have de facto control over particular territories. Conjointly with the Papacy, the Holy Roman Empire represented the recognized centre of the Christian world, and one of the pillars upon which it rested. It was | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | always its influence and its place in the recognized world order that gave the Holy Roman Empire its true power, rather than the actual extent of its territorial domains. One of the greatest threats to the traditional (and theoretical) universal jurisdiction accorded to the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope throughout the Christian world was the emergence of modern sovereign territorial states in the 16th and 17th centuries, which meant the rise of the idea that jurisdiction was the same thing as direct control of territory. To the rulers of territorial states, both the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | represented "universal antagonists", claiming that jurisdiction over all the world was theirs by right through their connection to Ancient Rome and their role as earthly representatives of Jesus Christ. Ambitious emperors, such as Charles V (1519–1556) and Ferdinand II (1619–1637), who sought to combine universal jurisdiction with actual universal temporal rule and universal imperial authority, represented threats to the continued existence of the countries of Europe. The Holy Roman Empire in the 18th century By the 18th century, the contemporary views of the Holy Roman Empire were far from universally positive. There was a widespread idea that the empire was | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | "sick" in some capacity, for instance the bookseller and publisher Johann Heinrich Zedler mentions the "state illnesses of the Holy Roman Empire" in his 1745 Grosses Universal-Lexicon. This view dates back to at least the Peace of Westphalia at the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, where the empire was explicitly defined as not being a nation state. The 17th century historian Samuel von Pufendorf famously described the empire as having a "unusual form of government" and derided it as a "monstrosity", lacking what was required for an effective and functional state. The lack of a standing army, | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | Furthermore, many publicists within the empire did not see its nature as a "irregular" monarchy as something negative and were unconcerned with forming a new political or social order, but rather sought to augment the already present structures to create a better future. The Peace of Westphalia had explicitly designated that the empire was to remain non-aligned and passive and that it was to work to maintain peace in Europe, an arrangement approved of by most of its inhabitants. Despite the widespread idea that the Holy Roman Empire was "sick", the empire was not in terminal decline before its involvement | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
],
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | imperial circles represented successful venues for resolving inter-imperial conflicts. The Reichstag also worked as a place where weaker imperial princes could work to convince their more powerful counterparts to remain at peace and resolve their differences. Wars with France and Napoleon Austrian war effort and responses Although the forces of the French First Republic overran and occupied the Netherlands in 1792, the Holy Roman Empire was defending itself quite well until Prussia abandoned the war effort to focus its attention on its Polish territories (overseeing the Second and Third Partitions of Poland), taking the resources and military strength of northern | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | Germany with it. Despite the empire's mounting difficulties in the face of the wars with France, there was no large-scale popular unrest within its borders. Instead, the explanation for the end of the Holy Roman Empire lies in the realm of high politics. The empire's defeat in the Revolutionary Wars was the most decisive step in the gradual undermining of the empire. The conflict between France and the Holy Roman Empire had begun with the French declaring war on the newly crowned Emperor Francis II of the Habsburg dynasty only in his capacity as the King of Hungary, the fact | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | that much of the wider empire (including influential figures such as the King of Prussia and the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz), however unwilling, joined the conflict on the side of the Habsburgs proves that imperial ideals were still alive by the late 18th century. The key point in which fortunes shifted was Prussia's abandonment of the war effort. Prussia had been the only true counterweight to Austria's influence in the institutions of the empire. Though the western parts of Prussia, such as Brandenburg, remained formal parts of the Holy Roman Empire and the Prussians continued to be represented in the Reichstag, | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
],
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | history and raising doubts whether Emperor Francis II would be able to work together with his Reichstag. Although the Austrian regime spent much time and resources attempting to make the new arrangement work, the general verdict at the time was that the reorganization had essentially killed the empire. Reaction to Napoleon's imperial coronation The head of the French republic, Napoleon, assumed the title "Empire of the French" in 1804. This act received a mixed reaction in the Holy Roman Empire. Although a return to monarchy in France was welcomed (though unfortunate in so far that the monarch was Napoleon), the | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | imperial title (instead of a royal one) was not. In the empire, Napoleon's title raised fears that it might inspire the Russian Emperor to insist that he was equal to the Holy Roman Emperor and might encourage other monarchs, such as George III of the United Kingdom, to also proclaim themselves emperors. The Habsburg diplomat Ludwig von Cobenzl, fearing the consequences of Napoleon's coronation, is quoted as having advised Holy Roman Emperor Francis II that "‘as Roman Emperor, Your Majesty has enjoyed till now precedence ahead of all European potentates, including the Russian emperor". Though Napoleon's imperial title was viewed | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
],
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | with distaste, Austrian officials immediately realized that if they were to refuse to accept him as an emperor, war with France would be renewed. Instead, the focus became on how to accept Napoleon as an emperor while still maintaining the pre-eminence of their own emperor and empire. France had officially accepted parity with Austria as a distinct state in 1757, 1797 and 1801 and in the same settlements accepted that the Holy Roman Empire outranked both Austria and France. Thus, it was decided that Austria would be raised to the rank of an empire in order to maintain the parity | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | Hungary), regardless of their current position within or outside the Holy Roman Empire. "Austria" in this sense referred to the dynasty (often officially called the "House of Austria" instead of the "House of Habsburg"), not the geographical location. The title of Holy Roman Emperor remained pre-eminent to both "Emperor of the French" and "Emperor of Austria" as it embodied the traditional ideal of the universal Christian empire. Neither the Austrian nor the French title made claims to govern this universal empire and thus did not disturb the traditional and established world order. The imperial titles of Austria and France were | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | seen as more or less royal titles (as they were hereditary) and in the minds of the Austrians, there still remained only one true empire and one true emperor in Europe. To illustrate this, Francis II's official imperial title read "elected Roman Emperor, ever Augustus, hereditary Emperor of Austria", placing the Austrian title behind the Roman title. Though Napoleon was reluctant to tie his own imperial title to any concessions, he needed recognition from Austria to secure wider recognition and thus agreed to recognize Francis II's new title. Prior to his own coronation, he sent a personal letter of congratulations | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | to Francis. George III of the United Kingdom recognized the new title in October and although Russian Emperor Alexander I objected to Francis "lowering himself to the level of the usurper Napoleon", he recognized the title in November. The only significant objections to Francis II's title were raised by Sweden, who through holding Swedish Pomerania, an Imperial Estate, had a place in the Reichstag. The Swedes saw the title as a "clear breach" of the imperial constitution and, invoking their prerogative as a guarantor of the imperial constitution, demanded a formal debate in the Reichstag, a threat that was neutralized | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
],
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | Napoleon in the Peace of Pressburg (26 December). These created deliberate ambiguities in the imperial constitution. Bavaria, Baden and Württemberg were granted plénitude de la souveraineté (full sovereignty) while remaining a part of the Conféderation Germanique (Germanic Confederation), a novel name for the Holy Roman Empire. Likewise, it was left deliberately unclear whether the Duchy of Cleves, the Duchy of Berg and the County of Mark—imperial territories transferred to Joachim Murat—were to remain imperial fiefs or become part of the French Empire. As late as March 1806, Napoleon was uncertain whether they should remain nominally within the Empire. The Free | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | Imperial Knights, who had survived the attack on their rights in Rittersturm of 1803–04, were subject to a second attack and a spate of annexations by those states allied to Napoleon in November–December 1805. In response, the knights' corporation (corpus equestre) dissolved itself on 20 January 1806. With the dissolution of the Empire, the knights ceased to be either free or imperial and were at the mercy of the newly sovereign states. Contemporaries saw the defeat at Austerlitz as a turning point of world-historical significance. The Peace of Pressburg, too, was perceived as radical shift. It did not affirm previous | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | independent course between the demands of the empire and Napoleon. In April 1806, Napoleon sought a treaty whereby the three states would ally themselves to France in perpetuity while forswearing participation in future Reichskriege (imperial war efforts) and submitting to a commission de méditation under his presidency to resolve their disputes. Despite all of this, they were to remain members of the empire. Württemberg ultimately refused to sign. In June 1806, Napoleon began pressuring Bavaria, Baden and Württemberg for the creation of confédération de la haute Allemagne (Upper German confederation) outside the empire. On 12 July 1806, these three states | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
],
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"country",
"Holy Roman Empire"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | and thirteen other minor German princes formed the Confederation of the Rhine, effectively a French satellite state. On 1 August, the Reichstag was informed by a French envoy that Napoleon no longer recognized the existence of the Holy Roman Empire and on the same day, nine of the princes who had formed the Confederation of the Rhine issued a proclamation in which they justified their actions by claiming that the Holy Roman Empire had already collapsed and ceased to function due to the defeat in the Battle of Austerlitz. Abdication of Francis II In the face of Napoleon's assumption of | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | the title "Emperor of the French" in 1804 and the Austrian defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, the Habsburg Monarchy began contemplating whether the imperial title and the empire as a whole were worth defending. Many of the states nominally serving the Holy Roman Emperor, such as Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria, had openly defied imperial authority and sided with Napoleon. Even then, the significance of the empire was not based on actual control of resources, but on prestige. The main idea behind Francis II's actions in 1806 was to lay the groundwork needed to avoid additional future wars | [] |
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire | [
[
"Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire",
"participant",
"Napoleon"
]
] | abdication of Emperor Francis II on 6 August 1806 | with Napoleon and France. One concern held by the Habsburg Monarchy was that Napoleon might aspire to claim the title of Holy Roman Emperor. Napoleon was attracted to Charlemagne's legacy; replicas of Charlemagne's crown and sword had been made for (but not used during) Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French and he conciously revived Roman imperial symbols and aspired to create a new order in Europe, something akin to the universal dominion implicit in the title of Emperor of the Romans. Napoleon's vision of Charlemagne was completely different from the German vision of the old emperor, however. Instead of | [] |
Subsets and Splits