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[ { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "In San Francisco, Rocky Horror moved from one location to the Strand Theatre located near the Tenderloin on Market Street. The performance group there would act out and perform almost the entire film, unlike the New York cast at that time. The Strand cast was put together from former members of the Berkeley group, disbanded due to less than enthusiastic management. Their Frank N. Furter was portrayed by Marni Scofidio, who, in 1979, attracted many of the older groups from Berkeley. Other members included Mishell Erickson and her twin sister Denise Erickson who portrayed Columbia and Magenta, Kathy Dolan playing Janet and Linda Woods as Riff Raff. The Strand group had performed at two large science fiction conventions in Los Angeles and San Francisco. They were offered a spot at The Mabuhay, a local punk club, and even performed for children's television of Argentina.", "precise_score": -1.7698922157287598, "rough_score": -5.310596466064453, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "On 10 April 2015, it was announced that the Fox Broadcasting Company would air a modern-day reimagining of the film, tentatively titled The Rocky Horror Picture Show Event. On 22 October 2015, it was announced that the role of Dr. Frank N. Furter will be played by actress Laverne Cox. Ryan McCartan and Victoria Justice will play the roles of Brad and Janet, alongside Reeve Carney as Riff Raff and singer/model Staz Nair as Rocky. Adam Lambert will portray Eddie. Tim Curry, who portrayed Dr. Frank N. Furter in the film, will portray The Criminologist. On 1 February 2016, it was announced that Broadway veteran Annaleigh Ashford will portray Columbia. On 5 February 2016, Ben Vereen joined the cast as Dr. Everett von Scott.", "precise_score": 1.3863660097122192, "rough_score": -2.8580620288848877, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "After Janet accepts Brad's marriage proposal, the happy couple drive away from Denton, Ohio, only to get lost in the rain. They stumble upon the castle of Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a transvestite who is holding the annual convention of visitors from the planet Transsexual. Frank-N-Furter unveils his creation, a young man named Rocky Horror, who fears the doctor and rejects his sexual advances. When Frank-N-Furter announces that he is returning to the galaxy Transylvania, Riff Raff the butler and Magenta the maid declare that they have plans of their own. (An audience participation film)", "precise_score": 2.2791013717651367, "rough_score": -2.486680269241333, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) - Plot Summary - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Richard O'Brien may have played a supporting part -- he was ghastly butler/handyman, Riff Raff -- but without him we wouldn't have this cult classic. O'Brien wrote the original musical, and crafted the screenplay along with Jim Sharman. After \"Rocky Horror's\" big-screen debut, O'Brien stayed involved in theater and television, and now is more likely to be found in New Zealand enjoying life.", "precise_score": 4.1780571937561035, "rough_score": 4.47584867477417, "source": "search", "title": "'Rocky Horror Picture Show' cast: Where are they now ..." }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Rocky Horror Picture Show Riff Raff Butler Costume", "precise_score": 5.809507369995117, "rough_score": 8.279358863830566, "source": "search", "title": "Rocky Horror Picture Show Riff Raff Butler Costume" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Rocky Horror Picture Show Riff Raff Butler Costume", "precise_score": 5.809507369995117, "rough_score": 8.279358863830566, "source": "search", "title": "Rocky Horror Picture Show Riff Raff Butler Costume" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "New Rocky Horror Picture Show Riff Raff Costume Great Riff Raff Costume! Standard Costume Size New official Rocky Horror Picture Show Riff Raff costume. Costume includes: Jacket with attached Vest and Shoulder Hump, Gloves and Spats. Mens Standard Size Fits up to 44 inch Jacket Size. Bald Wig sold separately This is an officially licensed Rocky Horror Picture Show product. check out our complete line of Rocky Horror Picture Show accessories and products.", "precise_score": -2.634031057357788, "rough_score": -2.6554923057556152, "source": "search", "title": "Rocky Horror Picture Show Riff Raff Butler Costume" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "A criminologist narrates the tale of the newly engaged couple Brad Majors and Janet Weiss who find themselves lost and with a flat tire on a cold and rainy late November evening, somewhere near Denton, Ohio. Seeking a telephone, the couple walk to a nearby castle where they discover a group of strange and outlandish people who are holding an Annual Transylvanian Convention. They are soon swept into the world of Dr. Frank N. Furter, a self-proclaimed \"sweet transvestite from Transsexual, Transylvania\". The ensemble of convention attendees also includes servants Riff Raff, his sister Magenta, and a groupie named Columbia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206276893615723, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Brad and Janet are shown to separate bedrooms where each is visited and seduced by Frank, who poses as Brad (when visiting Janet) and then as Janet (when visiting Brad). Janet, upset and emotional, wanders off to look for Brad, who she discovers, via a television monitor, is in bed with Frank. She then discovers Rocky, cowering in his birth tank, hiding from Riff Raff, who has been tormenting him. While tending to his wounds, Janet becomes intimate with Rocky, as Magenta and Columbia watch from their bedroom monitor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.100364685058594, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "After discovering that his creation is missing, Frank returns to the lab with Brad and Riff Raff, where Frank learns that an intruder has entered the building. Brad and Janet's old high school science teacher, Dr. Everett Scott, has come looking for his nephew, Eddie. Frank suspects that Dr. Scott investigates UFOs for the government. Upon learning of Brad and Janet's connection to Dr. Scott, Frank suspects them of working for him. Frank, Dr. Scott, Brad, and Riff Raff then discover Janet and Rocky together under the sheets in Rocky's birth tank, upsetting Frank and Brad. Magenta interrupts the reunion by sounding a massive gong and stating that dinner is prepared.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657608985900879, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Riff Raff and Magenta interrupt the performance, revealing themselves and Frank to be aliens from the planet Transsexual in the galaxy of Transylvania. They stage a coup and announce a plan to return to their homeworld. In the process, they kill Columbia, Rocky and Frank, who has \"failed his mission\". They release Brad, Janet and Dr. Scott, then depart by lifting off in the castle itself. The survivors are then left crawling in the dirt, and the narrator concludes that the human race is equivalent to insects crawling on the planet's surface.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.369641304016113, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "* Richard O'Brien as Riff Raff, a handyman", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.312665939331055, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "The film starts with the screen fading to black and over-sized, disembodied female lips appear overdubbed with a male voice, establishing the androgynous theme to be repeated as the film unfolds. The opening scene and song, \"Science Fiction/Double Feature\", consists of the lips of Patricia Quinn (who appears in the film later as the character Magenta), but has the vocals of actor and Rocky Horror creator, Richard O'Brien (who appears as Magenta's brother Riff Raff). The lyrics reference science fiction and horror films of the past and list several film titles from the 1930s to the 1970s, including The Day the Earth Stood Still, Flash Gordon, The Invisible Man, King Kong, It Came from Outer Space, Doctor X, Forbidden Planet, Tarantula, The Day of the Triffids, Curse of the Demon and When Worlds Collide. The disembodied lips are featured on posters and other merchandise for the film, with the tagline \"A Different Set of Jaws\", a spoof of the poster for the film Jaws, which was also produced in 1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4410014152526855, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "# \"There's a Light (Over at the Frankenstein Place)\" - Janet, Brad, Riff Raff, and Chorus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057738304138184, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "# \"The Time Warp\" - Riff Raff, Magenta, The Criminologist, Columbia, and Transylvanians", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366704940795898, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "# \"I Can Make You a Man\" - Frank with Brad, Janet, Riff Raff, Magenta, and Columbia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42696475982666, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "# \"Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch Me\" - Janet with Magenta, Columbia, Rocky, Brad, Frank, and Riff Raff", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.650585174560547, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "# \"Eddie\" - Dr. Scott, The Criminologist, Janet, Frank, Rocky, Brad, Riff Raff, and Magenta", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.249368667602539, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "# \"Wild and Untamed Thing\" - Frank with Brad, Janet, Rocky, Columbia, and Riff Raff", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.628495216369629, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "# \"The Time Warp\" (reprise) - Riff Raff and Magenta", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41710090637207, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "A story of creation, love, hate, adventure, and, most of all, sex; the story begins in Denton, Ohio as Brad Majors and Janet Weiss, after getting engaged (Dammit Janet), travel to see \"the man who began it,\" but wind up at the castle of Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a transvestite alien from the planet of Transsexual in the galaxy of Transylvania (Sweet Transvestite). And they meet Riff Raff, Magenta, and Columbia which leads to \"doing the Time Warp again!\" They discover they have been there on a \"special night.\" Frank's creation is to be born! As Rocky has been revealed (Sword of Damocles / I Can Make You A Man), rebel Eddie, Frank's last-recent creation, ponders in on his motorcycle (Hot Patootie-Bless My Soul) whom Frank kills. In comes Dr. Everett Von Scott, he's come for Eddie (Eddie's Teddy) which results in the discovery of Eddie's deceased body. Frank chases Janet and Brad and Dr. Scott chase Frank (Planet Schmanet Janet), which results in everybody (but Frank) getting frozen. Enter the floor show (Rose Tint My World / Don't Dream It / Wild & Untamed Thing) which then turns into the horrifying death of both Frank and Columbia die and the castle's blasting off! Brad, Janet, and Dr. Scott survive and leave with torn clothes and battered bodies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.07656478881836, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) - Plot Summary - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Richard O'Brien, Riff Raff", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.326103210449219, "source": "search", "title": "See the Cast of 'The Rocky Horror Picture Show' Then and Now" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Then: Richard O'Brien, who also wrote the original musical and the screenplay, played Riff Raff, Frank N. Furter's creepy butler.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.385563850402832, "source": "search", "title": "See the Cast of 'The Rocky Horror Picture Show' Then and Now" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Richard O'Brien (the author who also plays Riff Raff) has taken the innocent kitsch fantasies of the 50s - horror movies, Charles Atlas muscle ads, sequinned pop stars (Columbia is a groupie) - and turned them into the high camp sensuality of the 70s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.805745124816895, "source": "search", "title": "Meaning of Rocky - Angelfire" }, { "answer": "Riff-raff", "passage": "[hitting Riff-Raff with a whip] How did it happen?! I understood you were to be watching!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.455646514892578, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Riff Raff: Yes... I think perhaps you better both come inside.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376644134521484, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Riff Raff: You've arrived on a rather special night. It's one of the master's affairs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41831111907959, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Riff Raff: With a bit of a mind flip/", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.439168930053711, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Riff Raff: And nothing can ever be the same.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421384811401367, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "Riff Raff: Like you're under sedation!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505355834960938, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Riff-raff", "passage": "Riff-Raff: They didn't like me! They never liked me!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.428057670593262, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Riff Raff", "passage": "This low-budget freak show/cult classic/cultural institution concerns the misadventures of Brad Majors (Barry Bostwick) and Janet Weiss (Susan Sarandon) inside a strange mansion that they come across on a rainy night. After the wholesome pair profess their love through an opening song, their car breaks down in the woods, and they seek refuge in a towering castle nearby. Greeting them at the door is a ghoulish butler named Riff Raff (Richard O'Brien), who introduces them to a bacchanalian collection of partygoers dressed in outfits from some sort of interplanetary thrift shop. The host of this gathering is a transvestite clad in lingerie, Dr. Frank N. Furter (Tim Curry), a mad scientist who claims to be from another planet. With assistants Columbia (Nell Campbell) and Magenta (Patricia Quinn) looking on, Frank unveils his latest creation -- a figure wrapped in gauze and submerged in a tank full of liquid. With the addition of colored dyes and some assistance from the weather, Frank brings to life a blonde young beefcake wearing nothing but skimpy shorts, who launches into song in his first minute of life. Just when Brad and Janet think things couldn't get any stranger, a biker (Meat Loaf) bursts onto the scene to reclaim Columbia, his ex-girlfriend. When Frank kills the biker, it's clear that Brad and Janet will be guests for the night, and that they may be next on Frank's list -- whether for murder or carnal delights is uncertain. And just what is that mystery meat they're eating for dinner, anyway? In addition to playing Riff Raff, O'Brien wrote the catchy songs, with John Barry and Richard Hartley composing the score.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.654294013977051, "source": "search", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show (3/5) Movie CLIP - Sweet ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "Maxine Marx reported in The Unknown Marx Brothers that the brothers listed their real names (Julius, Leonard, Adolph, Milton, and Herbert) on playbills and in programs, and only used the nicknames behind the scenes, until Alexander Woollcott overheard them calling one another by the nicknames. He asked them why they used their real names publicly when they had such wonderful nicknames, and they replied, \"That wouldn't be dignified.\" Woollcott answered with a belly laugh. Woollcott did not meet the Marx Brothers until the premiere of I'll Say She Is, which was their first Broadway show, so this would mean that they used their real names throughout their vaudeville days, and that the name \"Gummo\" never appeared in print during his time in the act. Other sources report that the Marx Brothers did go by their nicknames during their vaudeville era, but briefly listed themselves by their given names when I'll Say She Is opened because they were worried that a Broadway audience would reject a vaudeville act if they were perceived as low class. ", "precise_score": 5.304928302764893, "rough_score": 1.1683839559555054, "source": "wiki", "title": "Marx Brothers" }, { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "People who had known the Marx Brothers before they became famous (when they were still Julius, Adolph, Leonard, Milton and Herbert), even before they entered show business, all agreed that the five brothers never had to create the characters they played so convincingly on stage, screen, and television - they already were those characters. A neighbour of the Marx family in New York City during the early 1900s remarked:", "precise_score": 0.40855729579925537, "rough_score": -1.6087567806243896, "source": "search", "title": "the marx brothers | biography - Lenin Imports UK" }, { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "The five Marx Brothers were all part of the act at one time or another. In order of age they were Chico (Leo Marx, born 1887); Harpo (Adolph, later changed to Arthur Marx, born 1888); Groucho (Julius Marx, born 1890); Gummo (Milton Marx, born 1893); and Zeppo (Herbert Marx, born 1901). A sixth Marx brother died in infancy (Manfred, or Mannie). All were blood brothers, born into an emigrant family with a performing background dating back to nineteenth-century Europe.", "precise_score": 2.6107261180877686, "rough_score": -0.4285339415073395, "source": "search", "title": "The Cocoanuts: The Marx Brothers on Broadway — Utah ..." }, { "answer": "Adolf", "passage": "Minnie Marx came from a family of performers. Her mother was a yodeling harpist and her father a ventriloquist; both were funfair entertainers. Around 1880, the family emigrated to New York City, where Minnie married Sam in 1884. During the early 20th century, Minnie helped her younger brother Abraham Elieser Adolf (stage name Al Shean) to enter show business; he became highly successful on vaudeville and Broadway as half of the musical comedy double act Gallagher and Shean, and this gave the brothers an entree to musical comedy, vaudeville,and Broadway at Minnie's instigation. Minnie also acted as the brothers' manager, using the name Minnie Palmer so that agents would not realize that she was also their mother. All the brothers confirmed that Minnie Marx had been the head of the family and the driving force in getting the troupe launched, the only person who could keep them in order; she was said to be a hard bargainer with theatre management.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8799235820770264, "source": "wiki", "title": "Marx Brothers" }, { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "Arthur Duer Marx (born Adolph Marx; November 23, 1888 – September 28, 1964), known professionally as Harpo Marx, was an American comedian, film star, mime artist and musician, and the second-oldest of the Marx Brothers. In contrast to the mainly verbal comedy of his brothers Groucho and Chico, Harpo's comic style was visual, being an example of both clown and pantomime traditions. He wore a curly reddish blonde wig, and never spoke during performances (he blew a horn or whistled to communicate). He frequently used props such as a horn cane, made up of a lead pipe, tape, and a bulbhorn, and he played the harp in most of his films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1659469604492188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harpo Marx" }, { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "Harpo had changed his name from Adolph to Arthur by 1911. This was due primarily to his dislike for the name Adolph (as a child, he was routinely called \"Ahdie\" instead). Urban legends stating that the name change came about during World War I due to anti-German sentiment in the US, or during World War II because of the stigma that Adolf Hitler imposed on the name, are groundless. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.65775203704834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harpo Marx" }, { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "Legally changed his given name to Arthur around 1911 because he much preferred it to the very German Adolph.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.064603805541992, "source": "search", "title": "Harpo Marx - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Adolf", "passage": "[on visiting Hamburg, Germany, shortly after Adolf Hitler came to power]: \"I saw the most frightening, most depressing sight I had ever seen - a row of stores with Stars of David and the word 'Jude' painted on them, and inside, behind half-empty counters, people in a daze, cringing like they didn't know what hit them and didn't know where the next blow would come from. Hitler had been in power only six months, and his boycott was already in full effect. I hadn't been so wholly conscious of being a Jew since my bar mitzvahs, and it was the first time since I'd had the measles that I was too sick to eat.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.014419555664062, "source": "search", "title": "Harpo Marx - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Adolf", "passage": "[on 'Duck Soup'] It was the only time I can remember that I worried about turning in a bad performance. The trouble was not with the script, the director, or the falls I had to take. The trouble was Adolf Hitler. His speeches were being rebroadcast in America. Somebody had a radio on the set, and twice we suspended shooting to listen to him scream.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29544448852539, "source": "search", "title": "Harpo Marx - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "How did four nice little boys called Julius, Adolph, Leonard and Herbert grow up into the Marx Brothers? Perhaps because they never really were nice little boys", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3600945472717285, "source": "search", "title": "the marx brothers | biography - Lenin Imports UK" }, { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "By 1914, Mr Green's Reception, as Fun in Hi Skule was now called, had established the Marx Brothers as rising vaudeville stars. They were not yet, however, known by their famous 'O' names. This happened while they were touring Illinois in 1914. Another performer on the bill with them had a penchant for giving nicknames to his friends. Julius became Groucho because of his serious demeanour. Adolph became Harpo for the obvious reason. Leonard became Chico because of his passion for the chicks, as girls were then called. (Thus the correct pronunciation of his name is 'Chicko') Milton became Gummo because, as he later explained:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3401005268096924, "source": "search", "title": "the marx brothers | biography - Lenin Imports UK" }, { "answer": "Adolph", "passage": "Harpo (Adolph Marx, later changed to \"Arthur\" , though not for the reason you might assume note he just plain hated the name and had it legally changed in 1911, long before the world had heard of Adolf Hitler and even before World War I 's anti-German hysteria was even an issue), nicknamed for his virtuoso harp playing (which was completely self-taught). His trademarks were harp playing, a silent mime performance (using a horn instead of speaking), and a clown-like costume featuring a raincoat with apparently bottomless pockets , a curly red (later blond, as it looked better in black-and-white film) wig, and a top hat. He is a virtuoso kleptomaniac with a special knack for pickpocketing, ending up with such unlikely prizes as Groucho's boxers and a random man's birthmark. In the early stage shows, he did an Oirish accent, but it was eventually decided that having him be The Speechless was funnier. His mime routines (most notably the famous Mirror Scene from Duck Soup) have become a staple for comedy shows today, and even inspired all of Mr. Funny", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9682766199111938, "source": "search", "title": "Marx Brothers (Creator) - TV Tropes" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "Early in his film career, this was the first sign that Steve Martin was willing to take a left turn and try something different. The Jerk had hit big at the box office, and he took on Herbert Ross' film of Pennies From Heaven, adapted from his own work by Dennis Potter.", "precise_score": 7.247114181518555, "rough_score": 8.618671417236328, "source": "search", "title": "The top 25 films of Steve Martin | Den of Geek" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "Steve Martin's film career began in 1972 with a small role as a hippy in a political comedy called Another Nice Mess. But the stand-up comedian's first real triumph was the 1979 Carl Reiner-directed movie The Jerk. Martin starred as Navin R Johnson, the simpleton adopted white son of African-American sharecroppers. The Jerk is a warm and engagingly silly film, featuring jokes about cat jugglers, but at the time of its release it had a mixed reception.  \"It took a long time to get over the bad reviews,\" Martin later said. He added that British comedian Peter Sellers had offered him great encouragement at what was a difficult time in his career.", "precise_score": 8.383004188537598, "rough_score": 8.640625, "source": "search", "title": "Steve Martin's 13 best films - The Telegraph" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "Early in his film career, this was the first sign that Steve Martin was willing to take a left turn and try something different. The Jerk had hit big at the box office, and he took on Herbert Ross' film of Pennies From Heaven, adapted from his own work by Dennis Potter.", "precise_score": 7.247114181518555, "rough_score": 8.618671417236328, "source": "search", "title": "The Top 25 Steve Martin Movies | Den of Geek" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "Martin had a small role in the 1972 film Another Nice Mess. His first substantial film appearance was in a short titled The Absent-Minded Waiter (1977). The seven-minute-long film, also featuring Buck Henry and Teri Garr, was written by and starred Martin. The film was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Short Film, Live Action. He made his first substantial feature film appearance in the musical Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, where he sang The Beatles' \"Maxwell's Silver Hammer\". In 1979, Martin co-wrote and starred in The Jerk, directed by Carl Reiner. The movie was a huge success, grossing over $100 million on a budget of approximately $4 million. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.937208890914917, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steve Martin" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "Martin was in three more Reiner-directed comedies after The Jerk: Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid in 1982, The Man with Two Brains in 1983 and All of Me in 1984, his most critically acclaimed performance up to that point. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.08272123336792, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steve Martin" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "Martin was romantically involved with actress and singer Bernadette Peters, his costar in the films The Jerk and Pennies from Heaven, during the 1970s and early 1980s. He married actress Victoria Tennant on November 20, 1986; they divorced in 1994. On July 28, 2007, after three years together, Martin married Anne Stringfield, a writer and former staffer for The New Yorker magazine. Former Nebraska Senator Bob Kerrey presided over the ceremony at Martin's Los Angeles home. Lorne Michaels, creator of Saturday Night Live, was best man. Several of the guests, including close friends Tom Hanks, Eugene Levy, comedian Carl Reiner, and magician/actor Ricky Jay were not informed that a wedding ceremony would take place. Instead, they were told they were invited to a party, and were surprised by the nuptials. At age 67, Martin became a father for the first time when Stringfield gave birth to a daughter in December 2012. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6181735992431641, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steve Martin" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "*The Jerk (1979) (Screenplay written with Carl Gottlieb)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.735489845275879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steve Martin" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": " 1979 The Jerk (performer: \"You Belong To Me\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419289588928223, "source": "search", "title": "Steve Martin - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "As Steve Martin wins the American Film Institute's lifetime achievement awards, we look at the jerk who became the king of Hollywood comedy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.6526243686676025, "source": "search", "title": "Steve Martin's 13 best films - The Telegraph" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "1. The Jerk, 1979", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.312936782836914, "source": "search", "title": "Steve Martin's 13 best films - The Telegraph" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "Steve Martin and Bernadette Peters in the 1979 movie The Jerk Credit: Rex Features", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8232747316360474, "source": "search", "title": "Steve Martin's 13 best films - The Telegraph" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "The Jerk (1979) - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394031524658203, "source": "search", "title": "The Jerk (1979) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "Search for \" The Jerk \" on Amazon.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509137153625488, "source": "search", "title": "The Jerk (1979) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Jerk", "passage": "To enter the realm inhabited by Martin's blissfully original caricatures, you must first be tested for wit, intellect and an innocent revelry in life itself. If you qualify, you will be led on to a rollercoaster of oxygen-sapping gags, stupendously clever motifs, brilliant performances and an absolutely fabulous script. There are gags here so new and surprising that to try and emulate them could only court failure. The joy of true love accompanied by him on the ukelele and on the last stanza by her on the........ trumpet: and a beautiful little song. Is it the humour or the innocence brings a tear to your eye? Don't call the dog \"life saver\", call him \"s***head\" - and for evermore, he is. The white man who is distraught to discover that he is not black. The goodbye note and Martin reading bits of words as they are washed away. The seminal \"all I need\" scene which is milked to the point of asphixia. The Jerk is simply the funniest most understatedly clever movie ever produced. There has simply never been anything this good, nor will there ever be. The message is simple and is a very old one: the buffoon as saint. From Bottom in Shakespeare, to Tristram Shandy, to Chaplin, to the genius understatement of Cary Grant, to Norman Wisdom: they have all touched on and come tantalisingly close, but they have all lacked one ingredient, an ingrediant calledSteve Martin. Like Orson Welles and Kane or Frederick Forsyth and the Jackal or Men at Work and Land Down Under, Martin has played his best shot first, unfettered, undisciplined, unconstrained genius. Let us all be better, brighter, cleverer and genuinely funnier by being the jerk. And if that's too frightening, just watch it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.050652027130127, "source": "search", "title": "The Jerk (1979) - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Commitments", "passage": "Relying on a cast of vigorous and unfamiliar players (Andrew Strong, the ponytailed lead singer who does an estimable Joe Cocker imitation while performing a daunting array of soul standards, is only 16), Mr. Parker tells the slow but lively story of how the Commitments came together. There is the cute, predictable bad-audition montage; the surprisingly good singer discovered at a wedding; the times when Jimmy practices giving interviews in the shower. (Mr. Parker uses these interviews as bookends for the film, to wryly good effect.) And during all of this, there is music everywhere. Jimmy's family can even be glimpsed doing a jig to traditional Irish music while their errant son interviews potential Commitments in another part of the house.", "precise_score": -7.061182022094727, "rough_score": -7.317127704620361, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Review/Film; How American Soul Music ..." }, { "answer": "The Commitments", "passage": "\"The Commitments\" becomes repetitive after a while, since so much of it is about the group's stage show, and since the effort to create an off-stage story never really works. The screenplay, by Dick Clemant, Ian La Frenais and Roddy Doyle, from Mr. Doyle's novel, attempts some mild intra-band romances and few subplots about the characters' family lives. Among the more impressive members of this large group, aside from Jimmy, are Joey (The Lips) (Johnny Murphy), much older than the others, who claims some formidable rhythm-and-blues credentials; Bernie (Bronagh Gallagher), a feisty young woman who combines singing with taking care of her youngest siblings; Imelda (Angeline Ball), the group's resident beauty queen, and Deco (Mr. Strong), whose gruff acting is as precocious as his singing.", "precise_score": -4.91228723526001, "rough_score": -7.234688758850098, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Review/Film; How American Soul Music ..." }, { "answer": "The Commitments", "passage": "\"Percy Sledge,\" the priest corrects him in \"The Commitments,\" Alan Parker's exuberant valentine to American soul music and the impoverished Dublin teen-agers who think of it as magic. That everyone in this film, from the priest to the street kids to the father who never got over Elvis Presley, is totally obsessed with popular music is simply taken for granted. As in his earlier \"Fame,\" Mr. Parker immerses his audience in a world in which popular art amounts to a communal high, a means of achieving identity and a great escape from the abundant problems of everyday life. As in \"Fame,\" he does this with a mixture of annoying glibness and undeniable high-voltage style.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.378348350524902, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Review/Film; How American Soul Music ..." }, { "answer": "The Commitments", "passage": "The sound and the setting have changed, but these two films are at heart very similar. What Mr. Parker has done, in effect, is to remake \"Fame\" in a different language. Once again, a taste for slickness gives his film an air of unreality for all its ostentatious grit, but once again the energy level is so pumped up that it barely matters. \"The Commitments\" finds Mr. Parker again doing what he does expertly: assembling a group of talented newcomers, editing snippets of their exploits into a hyperkinetic jumble, and filling the air with song.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.097146034240723, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Review/Film; How American Soul Music ..." }, { "answer": "The Commitments", "passage": "The song in this case is American soul music of the 1960's, and it took more than a little nerve to devote an entire film to the efforts of an all-white band to master \"In the Midnight Hour\" and \"Mustang Sally.\" Similarly, it's a stretch for this band to call itself the Commitments and claim the status of working-class heroes when they perform this music wearing evening dresses or black tie. (This is because \"all the Motown brothers wore suits,\" as one of the wiser Commitments says. \"You play better in your suit.\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.772003173828125, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Review/Film; How American Soul Music ..." }, { "answer": "The Commitments", "passage": "\"The Commitments\" is rated R (Under 17 r equires a ccompanying p arent or a dult g uardian). It includes mild profanity and sexual situations. The Commitments Directed by Alan Parker; screenplay by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais and Roddy Doyle, from the novel by Mr. Doyle; director of photography, Gale Tattersall; edited by Gerry Hambling; production designer, Brian Morris; produced by Roger Randall-Cutler and Lynda Myers; released by 20th Century Fox. Running time: 120 minutes. This film is rated R. Jimmy Rabbitte . . . Robert Arkins Steven Clifford . . . Michael Aherne Imelda Quirke . . . Angeline Ball Natalie Murphy . . . Maria Doyle Mickah Wallace . . . Dave Finnegan Bernie McGloughlin . . . Bronagh Gallagher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7317681312561035, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Review/Film; How American Soul Music ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Best Makeup", "passage": "Mrs. Doubtfire is a 1993 American comedy-drama film, directed by Chris Columbus and based on Madame Doubtfire by Anne Fine. It stars Robin Williams (who also served as co-producer), Sally Field, Pierce Brosnan, Harvey Fierstein, and Robert Prosky. It won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. For his performance in the film, Robin Williams was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Actor.", "precise_score": 5.376529216766357, "rough_score": 6.3717522621154785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mrs. Doubtfire" }, { "answer": "Best picture", "passage": "Sally went from co-starring in one blockbuster movie to yet another -- after wrapping up \"Doubtfire\", she next played Tom Hanks' mom in 1994's mega-hit (and \"Best Picture\" Oscar-winner), \"Forrest Gump\".", "precise_score": 0.03219442069530487, "rough_score": -4.428951740264893, "source": "search", "title": "Amazon.com: Mrs. Doubtfire (Behind-the-Seams Edition ..." }, { "answer": "Best Makeup", "passage": "** Best Makeup (Won)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.999223709106445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mrs. Doubtfire" }, { "answer": "Best picture", "passage": "** Best Picture (Musical/Comedy) (Won)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.236157417297363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mrs. Doubtfire" }, { "answer": "Best Makeup", "passage": "** Best Makeup and Hair (nominated)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.139448165893555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mrs. Doubtfire" }, { "answer": "Best Makeup", "passage": "FILM FACT: 66th Academy Awards® Won for Best Makeup. 51st Golden Globe® Awards Won for Best Picture for Musical/Comedy. Robin Williams Won for Best Actor in a Musical/Comedy. 48th BAFTA Awards Nominated for Best Makeup and Hair.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.411466121673584, "source": "search", "title": "Amazon.com: Mrs. Doubtfire: Robin Williams, Chris Columbus ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Victor Lonzo Fleming (February 23, 1889 – January 6, 1949) was an American film director, cinematographer, and producer. His most popular films were The Wizard of Oz (1939), and Gone with the Wind (1939), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director. Fleming holds the achievement of being the only film director to have two films listed in the top 10 of the American Film Institute's 2007 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list.", "precise_score": 3.366014003753662, "rough_score": 4.368335723876953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Victor Fleming" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Victor Fleming (seated second from right) with Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable on the set of “Gone with the Wind,” in 1939, the year he also made “The Wizard of Oz.” Credit Photograph from MGM / Photofest", "precise_score": 6.3088860511779785, "rough_score": 6.851733207702637, "source": "search", "title": "The Real Rhett Butler - The New Yorker" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Is easy labeling a prerequisite for lasting greatness in the arts? At first blush, the case of Victor Fleming suggests that the answer may be yes. Although he directed two of the most durably popular movies of all time, \"The Wizard of Oz\" and \"Gone With the Wind,\" Fleming is seldom mentioned in the same breath as D.W. Griffith, Ernst Lubitsch, Alfred Hitchcock, John Ford and Howard Hawks.", "precise_score": 3.6516621112823486, "rough_score": 6.472235679626465, "source": "search", "title": "Book Review: 'Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master'" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Victor Fleming entered the film business as a stuntman in 1910, mainly doing stunt driving - which came easy to him, as he had been a mechanic and professional race-car driver. He became interested in working on the other side of the camera, and eventually got a job as a cameraman on many of the films of Douglas Fairbanks . He soon began directing, and his first big hit was The Virginian (1929). It was the movie that turned Gary Cooper into a star (a fact Cooper never forgot; he and Fleming remained friends for life). Fleming's star continued to rise during the '30s, and he was responsible for many of the films that would eventually be considered classics, such as Red Dust (1932), Bombshell (1933), Treasure Island (1934), and the two films that were the high marks of his career: Gone with the Wind (1939) and The Wizard of Oz (1939). Ironically Fleming was brought in on both pictures to replace other directors and smooth out the troubled productions, a feat he accomplished masterfully. His career took somewhat of a downturn in the '40s, and most of his films, with the exception of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941), weren't particularly successful. He ended his career with the troubled production Joan of Arc (1948), which turned out to be a major critical and financial failure.", "precise_score": 1.6533063650131226, "rough_score": 2.9837543964385986, "source": "search", "title": "Victor Fleming - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Victor Fleming directed two of the greatest films ever, The Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind. Yet he has rarely been given credit for their success. As the first critical biography of him is released, Philip French reassesses the legacy of the combative and intruiging director who created film magic with Judy Garland, Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh", "precise_score": 2.6171483993530273, "rough_score": 5.091836929321289, "source": "search", "title": "Why we should give a damn about Victor Fleming | Culture ..." }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Nine years later, in 1972, Peter Bogdanovich wrote in his monthly column for Esquire an essay called \"The Best Films of 1939\", bestowing on that year a legendary place in American film history. The first two movies he mentioned were Gone With the Wind and The Wizard of Oz, pointing out that Victor Fleming had won that year's directing Oscar for the former, and had \"guided Judy Garland\" through the latter. He did not, however, regard Fleming as director of the year. That for him was John Ford, three of whose films appear among Bogdanovich's 10 best of 1939, a list that excluded Oz and Gone With the Wind. Seventeen years later Ted Sennett wrote Hollywood's Golden Year, 1939, described as \"a 50th anniversary celebration\". His two longest chapters are devoted to Gone With the Wind and Oz.", "precise_score": 1.4347846508026123, "rough_score": 4.546604156494141, "source": "search", "title": "Why we should give a damn about Victor Fleming | Culture ..." }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Best remembered for the iconic classics Gone with the Wind (1939) and The Wizard of Oz (1939) to the silver screen, Victor Fleming also counted successful films such as Red Dust (1932), Captains Courageous (1937), Test Pilot (1939), Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941), and the groundbreaking Joan of Arc (1948) among his more than forty directing credits. One of the most sought-after directors in Hollywood's golden age, Fleming (1889--1949) was renowned for his ability to make films across a wide range of genres. In Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master, author Michael Sragow paints a comprehensive portrait of the talented and charismatic man who helped create enduring screen personas for stars such as Clark Gable, Spencer Tracy, and Gary Cooper.", "precise_score": 3.646575450897217, "rough_score": 7.402573108673096, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - Victor Fleming" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "In 1932, Fleming joined MGM and directed some of the studio's most prestigious films. Red Dust (1932), Bombshell (1933), and Reckless (1935) showcasing Jean Harlow, while Treasure Island (1934) and Captains Courageous (1937) brought a touch of literary distinction to boy's-own adventure stories. His two most famous films came in 1939, when The Wizard of Oz was closely followed by Gone with the Wind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.41886621713638306, "source": "wiki", "title": "Victor Fleming" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "*The Wizard of Oz (1939)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.28676986694336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Victor Fleming" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Of original screenplay writer Sidney Howard, film historian Joanne Yeck writes, \"reducing the intricacies of Gone with the Winds epic dimensions was a herculean task ... and Howard's first submission was far too long, and would have required at least six hours of film; ... [producer] Selznick wanted Howard to remain on the set to make revisions ... but Howard refused to leave New England [and] as a result, revisions were handled by a host of local writers\". Selznick dismissed director George Cukor three weeks into filming and sought out Victor Fleming, who was directing The Wizard of Oz at the time. Fleming was dissatisfied with the script, so Selznick brought in famed writer Ben Hecht to rewrite the entire screenplay within five days. Hecht returned to Howard's original draft and by the end of the week had succeeded in revising the entire first half of the script. Selznick undertook rewriting the second half himself but fell behind schedule, so Howard returned to work on the script for one week, reworking several key scenes in part two. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.40850356221199036, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gone with the Wind (film)" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Principal photography began January 26, 1939, and ended on July 1, with post-production work continuing until November 11, 1939. Director George Cukor, with whom Selznick had a long working relationship, and who had spent almost two years in pre-production on Gone with the Wind, was replaced after less than three weeks of shooting. Selznick and Cukor had already disagreed over the pace of filming and the script, but other explanations put Cukor's departure down to Gable's discomfort at working with him. Emanuel Levy, Cukor's biographer, claimed that Clark Gable had worked Hollywood's gay circuit as a hustler and that Cukor knew of his past, so Gable used his influence to have him discharged. Vivien Leigh and Olivia de Havilland learned of Cukor's firing on the day the Atlanta bazaar scene was filmed, and the pair went to Selznick's office in full costume and implored him to change his mind. Victor Fleming, who was directing The Wizard of Oz, was called in from MGM to complete the picture, although Cukor continued privately to coach Leigh and De Havilland. Another MGM director, Sam Wood, worked for two weeks in May when Fleming temporarily left the production due to exhaustion. Although some of Cukor's scenes were later reshot, Selznick estimated that \"three solid reels\" of his work remained in the picture. As of the end of principal photography, Cukor had undertaken eighteen days of filming, Fleming ninety-three, and Wood twenty-four.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9076452255249023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gone with the Wind (film)" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "The film received its world television premiere on the HBO cable network on June 11, 1976, and played on the channel for a total of fourteen times throughout the rest of the month. It made its network television debut in November later that year: NBC paid $5 million for a one-off airing, and it was broadcast in two parts on successive evenings. It became at that time the highest-rated television program ever presented on a single network, watched by 47.5 percent of the households sampled in America, and 65 percent of television viewers, still the record for the highest rated film to ever air on television. In 1978, CBS signed a deal worth $35 million to broadcast the film twenty times over as many years. Turner Entertainment acquired the MGM film library in 1986, but the deal did not include the television rights to Gone with the Wind, which were still held by CBS. A deal was struck in which the rights were returned to Turner Entertainment and CBS's broadcast rights to The Wizard of Oz were extended. It was used to launch two cable channels owned by Turner Broadcasting System: Turner Network Television (1988) and Turner Classic Movies (1994). It debuted on videocassette in March 1985, where it placed second in the sales charts, and has since been released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4036226272583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gone with the Wind (film)" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Howard Hughes, whose acumen outside certain areas of expertise (aeronautics and the acquisition of beautiful actresses) was rarely sound, once said something intelligent about the relative merits of two movie directors. The remark was delivered in early 1939, when George Cukor had been shooting “Gone with the Wind” for about three weeks. An adaptation of Margaret Mitchell’s thousand-page blockbuster novel, from 1936, about the Old South, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, the movie was the largest and most expensive production in Hollywood up to that time, with a huge cast, massive sets (the city of Atlanta was burned down and then rebuilt), and hundreds of unshaven and bandaged extras trudging across the landscape. As half of Hollywood maliciously cheered, the production slipped into disaster. The script could be kindly described as a mess, and the star—Clark Gable—was in turmoil. The initial rushes displeased David O. Selznick, the legendary, manic producer who dominated every aspect of the film, and he suddenly fired Cukor, who, he later said, couldn’t have handled the more spectacular elements of the movie. In Cukor’s place, Selznick hired Victor Fleming, who was then directing the other big picture in town, “The Wizard of Oz.” Fleming was a vigorous and resourceful man, but few people considered him an artist. The change pleased Gable but distressed the two female leads—the young stage and film actress Vivien Leigh, just arrived from England and not yet a star, and Olivia de Havilland, who was then Howard Hughes’s girlfriend. Both women depended on Cukor, who was known as a “woman’s director,” and de Havilland brought her troubles to Hughes, who advised: “Don’t worry, everything is going to be all right—with George and Victor, it’s the same talent, only Victor’s is strained through a coarser sieve.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1495798826217651, "source": "search", "title": "The Real Rhett Butler - The New Yorker" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Hughes was almost correct. Fleming’s talent was not “the same” as Cukor’s, yet he was definitely the right man for “Gone with the Wind,” and he did inventive and powerful work on “Oz.” But in the seventy years since the release of those films, Fleming, whose talent flowed not smoothly or subtly, but roughly, in surges of energy and feeling, has been largely forgotten. The auteur-theory critics who, in the nineteen-sixties and seventies, went wild over Cukor, Hitchcock, Preminger, John Ford, Howard Hawks, Ernst Lubitsch, Josef von Sternberg, Frank Capra, and many other directors of the late silent and early sound periods, ignored Fleming, though he had made a number of entertaining movies in the nineteen-twenties and thirties and his two super-productions of 1939 are very likely the most widely seen movies in American film history—not just good pictures but films that have entered the unconscious of generations of moviegoers. “Gone with the Wind,” with its happy plantation slaves—emblems of Noble Toil—posed against reddening skies, has its enraging and embarrassing moments; the racist kitsch is, regrettably, part of the nation’s collective past. What remains remarkably modern in the film is the central combat of wills between Leigh’s Scarlett O’Hara and Gable’s Rhett Butler, each seeking the upper hand in and out of bed. Margaret Mitchell set up the conflict, but it was Fleming who got the two actors to embody it. As for “The Wizard of Oz,” the movie’s version of the magical land of Oz, in its combined freedom and unease, happiness and fear, has become a universally shared vision of the imagination itself. Since Fleming was the element common to both movies, it’s time for his contribution to be lifted out of the shadows.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3895291090011597, "source": "search", "title": "The Real Rhett Butler - The New Yorker" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Fleming’s presence restored the star’s self-assurance. After Hecht edited Sidney Howard’s script (in the end, Howard got sole credit), the production got under way again, and Gable, once more imitating Fleming’s manner (Sragow calls the director “the real Rhett Butler”), wound up doing the best, most expressive acting of his career. The actresses did well, too. De Havilland provided the movie with a moral center, and Leigh, though hardly fond of Fleming, gave one of the most electrifying performances in the history of movies. As Fleming pulled together Selznick’s monster production during the day, he supervised the editing of “The Wizard of Oz” at night. He may have been an artist after all.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.553921699523926, "source": "search", "title": "The Real Rhett Butler - The New Yorker" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "In retrospect, it seems hard to imagine anyone but Fleming directing “The Wizard of Oz,” the greatest childcentered movie of all. Yet he wasn’t the first choice on this film, either. In October, 1938, the film began shooting at M-G-M under Richard Thorpe, a journeyman who had directed a Tarzan picture in 1936. Thorpe’s footage was flat, and the producer, Mervyn LeRoy, threw it out. (Bizarrely, Cukor also briefly worked on “Oz.” After Thorpe was fired, Cukor dropped in, changed Judy Garland’s makeup and hair style, and fled; the material didn’t interest him.) LeRoy then turned to Fleming, who initially said no, as much of the production, including the screenplay and the sets, was already in place. By this time, however, Fleming had got married—to Lu Rosson, who had been the wife of a close friend—and he was the father of two little girls, whom he adored. He left few memos or letters, but, from what he wrote about “Oz” for an internal M-G-M publication, one gets the impression that he changed his mind because he wanted to make an entertainment that both adults and children could see.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.912806510925293, "source": "search", "title": "The Real Rhett Butler - The New Yorker" }, { "answer": "Wizard of oz", "passage": "The screenwriters Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf adapted “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz,” L. Frank Baum’s classic 1900 novel, and they made two momentous changes. In Baum’s book, Oz is a wondrous place, but it’s real—Dorothy, still in her house, is carried there by a raging cyclone. In the movie, Dorothy (Judy Garland), conked on the head during the storm, spins into Oz in a dream, and Oz becomes the blossoming of her unconscious, populated by strikingly familiar faces joined to weird bodies: her intimidating neighbor Miss Gulch shows up as the lime-green Wicked Witch of the West, and the farmhands employed by Dorothy’s stern Auntie Em become her sweetly despondent companions with missing parts—the Scarecrow (Ray Bolger) and the Tin Man (Jack Haley). Fleming, working with his favorite screenwriter, John Lee Mahin, added a third farmhand, Zeke, who became the Cowardly Lion (Bert Lahr). He also reconceived the Kansas scenes, giving them a sharper edge. He changed what had become (unbelievably) yellow ovals in Thorpe’s production back to the immortal yellow bricks, and commissioned the signature song “Follow the Yellow Brick Road” from Yip Harburg and Harold Arlen. Fleming did not direct the Kansas scenes, which were shot in black and white. They were scheduled for the end of the shoot; by that time, he had gone off to work on “Gone with the Wind,” and they were done by the director King Vidor. But the main body of the movie, from the moment that Dorothy opens the door to Oz and the screen turns to brilliant Technicolor—a stunner in 1939, and still exciting today—belongs to Fleming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.869518756866455, "source": "search", "title": "The Real Rhett Butler - The New Yorker" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Even if you make allowances for how hard he is to pigeonhole, Victor Fleming probably doesn't deserve the epithet Sragow wants to bestow on him: \"A Great American Movie Director.\" But he was in charge of at least two masterpieces -- \"Red Dust\" and \"The Wizard of Oz\" -- and he has now gotten the smart, sympathetic biography he deserves.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.097864151000977, "source": "search", "title": "Book Review: 'Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master'" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Motion Picture Director. He occupies a curious place in cinema history. In the 1930s Fleming was hailed as one of Hollywood's greatest filmakers. He is the credited director of \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939) and \"Gone With the Wind\" (1939), two of the most popular movies of all time, and won a Best Director Academy Award for the latter. Yet he has been largely ignored by critics and historians, and his name has long been forgotten by the public. Fleming was born in Pasadena, California. A former auto mechanic and portrait photographer, he bluffed his way into a job as cameraman at the Flying A studio in 1911 and frequently worked with director Allan Dwan and star Douglas Fairbanks. Upon America's entry into World War I he joined the intelligence bureau's photography section and accompanied President Wilson to Europe as chief cinematographer. Making his directing debut in 1919, he was under contract at Paramount during the 1920s and joined MGM in 1932. Fleming developed into a superior artisan of the classic Hollywood tradition. His best films are elegantly crafted, stylish and entertaining, yet somehow lacking a strong individual stamp. They include \"Mantrap\" (1926) and \"Hula\" (1927), two vehicles starring \"It Girl\" Clara Bow; \"The Way of All Flesh\" (1927), one of the first Best Picture Oscar nominees; \"The Virginian\" (1929), which made Gary Cooper a star; \"Red Dust\" (1932), with its sensational teaming of Clark Gable and Jean Harlow; \"Bombshell\" (1933), a wicked satire of the film business; the splendid literary adaptations \"Treasure Island\" (1934) and \"Captains Courageous\" (1937); and \"Test Pilot\" (1938). Fleming seemed an odd choice for \"The Wizard of Oz\", having never made a musical or fantasy film before, but he rose to the challenge with consummate skill and captured a childlike sense of wonder throughout. He had shot all but the Kansas scenes (later completed by King Vidor) when he was assigned to \"Gone With the Wind\". This was done at the insistence of Clark Gable, who felt that the original director, George Cukor, was placing too much emphasis on Vivien Leigh. After ten weeks under producer David O. Selznick's micro-managing supervision, Fleming feigned a nervous breakdown; Sam Wood took over while he \"recovered\", then they co-directed. Six directors in all worked on this monumental production, and Fleming received sole billing only because his contract required it. The seeming injustice of his taking the credit (and the Oscar) for such a collaborative effort rankled some in the industry and may have backlashed upon his reputation. It did not help that Fleming's subsequent films, \"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde\" (1941), \"Tortilla Flat\" (1942), \"A Guy Named Joe\" (1943), and \"Adventure\" (1945), grew rather heavy-handed and self-consciously \"artsy\". His last, the epic \"Joan of Arc\" (1948), was an expensive flop. Fleming was known as one of Hollywood's great tough guys, a rugged sportsman who stood up to studio heads and insatiably seduced his leading ladies. In the silent era he was briefly engaged to Clara Bow and romantically linked with Norma Shearer, Lupe Velez, and Alice White, among others. Gable idolized Fleming and modeled his cocky screen persona after the director. He had a sensitive side, too, though he tended to reserve it for his work. (Persuading Gable to shed tears for a scene, he counseled, \"It's okay for a man to cry - sometimes\"). In 1934 Fleming impregnated his best friend's wife and reluctantly married her; surprisingly, the confirmed bachelor became a devoted family man. This domestic tranquility lasted until 1948, when the 59 year-old Fleming had a final fling with his 29 year-old \"Joan of Arc\" star, Ingrid Bergman. Soon after that film's premiere he died of a heart attack while on vacation in Arizona. MGM producer Arthur Freed said of him, \"He was a poet, one of the great unsung men of this business. Someday someone's going to bring up what Victor Fleming meant to movies.\" (bio by: Bobb Edwards)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.16331516206264496, "source": "search", "title": "Victor Fleming (1889 - 1949) - Find A Grave Memorial" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Fleming took over The Wizard of Oz from Richard Thorpe in October 1938, but before he finished that picture, was asked to take over David Selznick's troubled production of Gone With the Wind from George Cukor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.750361442565918, "source": "search", "title": "Victor Fleming - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "The only director to have two films listed in the top 10 of the American Film Institute's 1998 list of the 100 greatest American films, Gone with the Wind (1939) and The Wizard of Oz (1939).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.237265586853027, "source": "search", "title": "Victor Fleming - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Did not live to see The Wizard of Oz (1939), which he directed, become a sensation on television and an all-time classic through its annual telecasts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.973767280578613, "source": "search", "title": "Victor Fleming - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Mervyn LeRoy , producer of The Wizard of Oz (1939) and a major director in his own right, said of Fleming, \"Vic was one of the best directors that ever lived. The funny thing is, nobody mentions him anymore. He was a great director and a great man\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.062668800354004, "source": "search", "title": "Victor Fleming - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Wizard of oz", "passage": "Many of the five nominations that lost were unexpected: Best Actor (Clark Gable who lost to Robert Donat for Goodbye, Mr. Chips ), Best Supporting Actress (Olivia de Havilland who was competing against co-star Hattie McDaniel), Best Sound Recording, Best Original Score (Max Steiner), and Best Special Effects. Its record of a total of ten Academy Awards wins held firm until 1959, when Ben-Hur (1959) won eleven Oscars. It was phenomenal that Gone With the Wind did so well, given that 1939 boasted some of the greatest American films ever made, including Ninotchka , The Wizard of Oz , Wuthering Heights , Mr. Smith Goes to Washington , Goodbye, Mr. Chips , and Stagecoach .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.228325843811035, "source": "search", "title": "Gone With The Wind (1939) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "A few months earlier, on 25 August 1939, another legend had its premiere: The Wizard of Oz, the magical family movie based on Frank Baum's 1900 novel, also a famous bestseller. It made a star of the 16-year-old Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale, the rural orphan reared by her aunt and uncle on an impoverished Midwestern ranch, who is whisked by a tornado from monochrome Kansas to the world of Oz, where she takes a transformative journey with the Cowardly Lion, the Tin Man and the Scarecrow. This film was also directed by Victor Fleming, and like Gone with the Wind has become part of the warp and weft of popular culture, each subsequent generation adding something to the accreting legend by way of song, parody and affectionate tribute, from the likes of Elton John, John Boorman, Robin Williams, David Lynch and Salman Rushdie, who called the film \"my very first literary influence\". James Cameron specifically references it in Avatar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.793323516845703, "source": "search", "title": "Why we should give a damn about Victor Fleming | Culture ..." }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "In the Reagan-Thatcher years, Ronnie and Maggie figured on the walls of students' rooms, standing in for Gable and Leigh in a satirically refigured poster of Gone With the Wind. The question, \"Are you a friend of Dorothy?\" came to mean \"Are you gay?\" The two movies were hilariously conjoined in Steve Rash's cult comedy Under the Rainbow (1981), when a riot on the sound stage of The Wizard of Oz results in a chase that takes Toto and the Munchkins through an adjoining set where Rhett and Scarlett are performing in Gone With the Wind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.998723030090332, "source": "search", "title": "Why we should give a damn about Victor Fleming | Culture ..." }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "If Fleming was so clearly admired by his contemporaries, why isn't he an acclaimed auteur with a name as familiar as Hitchcock and Spielberg? There are a number of reasons, the first deriving from the peculiar way Fleming joined the troubled productions of The Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind as MGM's trusted troubleshooter. He was the studio's safe pair of hands, the man who a couple of years later was proposed to Life magazine by America's most celebrated film critic, James Agee, as the perfect subject for a feature on \"the reliable journeyman director\". Oz was stalling under the stolid direction of Richard Thorpe, who was thrown off by producer Mervyn LeRoy. George Cukor, designated director on Gone With the Wind, took over briefly before the arrival of Fleming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.570413112640381, "source": "search", "title": "Why we should give a damn about Victor Fleming | Culture ..." }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "So perhaps the time has come to re-examine Fleming's oeuvre in the light of Sragow's biography and to give him credit for his two most famous pictures as we approach the 70th anniversary of their British premieres. The Wizard of Oz opened here in March 1940, and Gone With the Wind followed in April. Audiences took pride in the fact that the former was largely scripted by a British writer and three of the four names above the title of the latter were British. Both films brought hope, happiness, inspiration and respite to an embattled country. There's a particularly poignant moment in Jean-Pierre Melville's film The Army of the Shadows when two French résistants on a secret mission to see de Gaulle in London take the chance to see Gone With the Wind before returning to Occupied France and their probable deaths.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7105350494384766, "source": "search", "title": "Why we should give a damn about Victor Fleming | Culture ..." }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "THE WIZARD OF OZ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373302459716797, "source": "search", "title": "Why we should give a damn about Victor Fleming | Culture ..." }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "21. Putting Oz into The Wizard of Oz", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356467247009277, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - Victor Fleming" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "...imperfect union at the core of Gone With the Wind. If The Wizard of Ozcrystallized Fleming?s feelings for the resilience of children, Gone Withthe Wind drew out his understanding of the traumas of matrimony. TheCivil War and the destruction of antebellum Georgia provide the filmwith its breadth?at its widest reach the movie is about how people...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.2854838371276855, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - Victor Fleming" }, { "answer": "The Wizard of Oz", "passage": "Before Fleming did his epic salvaging of The Wizard of Oz and GoneWith the Wind, he and Spencer Tracy, still flush with the success oftheir partnership on Captains Courageous and Test Pilot, planned onteaming up for an adaptation of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings?s superbnovel The Yearling. After Gone With the Wind was finished, Fleming and...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.011256354860961437, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - Victor Fleming" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kit Kat", "passage": "As Cliff visits the Kit Kat Klub, the Emcee introduces a British singer, Sally, who performs a racy, flirtatious number (\"Don't Tell Mama\"). Afterward, she asks Cliff to recite poetry for her; he recites \"Casey at the Bat\". Cliff offers to take Sally home, but she says that her boyfriend Max, the club's owner, is too jealous. Sally performs her final number at the Kit Kat Club aided by the female ensemble (\"Mein Herr\"). The cabaret ensemble performs a song and dance, calling each other on inter-table phones and inviting each other for dances and drinks (\"The Telephone Song\").", "precise_score": 1.1041574478149414, "rough_score": -2.7868006229400635, "source": "search", "title": "CABARET - Theatre in the Park" }, { "answer": "Kit Kat", "passage": "Cliff tells Sally that he is taking her back to America so that they can raise their baby together. Sally protests, declaring how wonderful their life in Berlin is, and Cliff sharply tells her to \"wake up\" and take notice of the growing unrest around them. Sally retorts that politics have nothing to do with them or their affairs. Following their argument, Sally returns to the club (\"I Don't Care Much\") (in the 1998 Broadway and 2012 London revivals, Sally takes cocaine before leaving Cliff's room). At the Kit Kat Klub after another heated argument with Sally, Cliff is accosted by Ernst, who has another delivery job for him. Cliff tries to brush him off, but when Ernst asks if Cliff's attitude towards him is because of \"that Jew at the party\", Cliff attacks him—only to be badly beaten up by Ernst's Nazi bodyguards and dragged out of the club. On stage, the Emcee introduces Sally, who enters to perform again, singing that \"life is a cabaret, old chum,\" cementing her decision to live in carefree ignorance and freedom (\"Cabaret\").", "precise_score": -7.056454181671143, "rough_score": -4.449748992919922, "source": "search", "title": "CABARET - Theatre in the Park" }, { "answer": "Kit Kat", "passage": "At the dawn of the 1930s in Berlin, the Nazi party is growing stronger. The Kit Kat Klub is a seedy cabaret, a place of decadent celebration. The Klub's Master of Ceremonies, or Emcee, together with the cabaret girls and waiters, warm up the audience (\"Willkommen\"). In a train station, Cliff Bradshaw arrives, a young American writer coming to Berlin to work on his new novel. He meets Ernst Ludwig, a German who offers Cliff work and recommends a boardinghouse. At the boardinghouse, Fräulein Schneider offers Cliff a room for one hundred marks; he can only pay fifty. After a brief debate, she relents and lets Cliff live there for fifty marks. Fräulein Schneider observes that she has learned to take whatever life offers (\"So What?\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.724764823913574, "source": "search", "title": "CABARET - Theatre in the Park" }, { "answer": "Kit Kat", "passage": "The next day, Cliff has just finished giving Ernst an English lesson when Sally arrives. Max has fired her and thrown her out, and now she has no place to live, and so she asks him if she can live in his room. At first he resists, but she convinces him (and Fräulein Schneider) to take her in (\"Perfectly Marvelous\"). The Emcee and two female companions sing a song (\"Two Ladies\") that comments on Cliff and Sally's unusual living conditions. Herr Schultz, an elderly Jewish fruit-shop owner who lives in her boardinghouse, has given Fräulein Schneider a pineapple as a gift (\"It Couldn't Please Me More\"). In the Kit Kat Klub, a young waiter starts to sing a song—a patriotic anthem to the Fatherland that slowly descends into a darker, Nazi-inspired marching song—becoming the strident \"Tomorrow Belongs to Me\". He initially sings a cappella, before the customers and the band join in. (In the 1998 and 2014 revivals, this is replaced by the Emcee playing a recording of a boy soprano)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.693209648132324, "source": "search", "title": "CABARET - Theatre in the Park" }, { "answer": "Kit Kat", "passage": "Back at the Kit Kat Klub, the Emcee performs a song-and-dance routine with a girl in a gorilla suit, singing that their love has been met with universal disapproval (\"If You Could See Her\"). Encouraging the audience to be more open-minded, he defends his ape-woman, concluding with, \"if you could see her through my eyes... she wouldn't look Jewish at all.\" (The line was intended to shock the audience and make them consider how easily and unthinkingly they accepted prejudice, but protests and boycott threats from Jewish leaders in Boston led Ebb to write an alternate final line, \"She isn't a Meeskite at all.\"[19]) Fräulein Schneider goes to Cliff and Sally's room and returns their engagement present, explaining that her marriage has been called off. When Cliff protests, saying that she can't just give up this way, she asks him what other choice she has (\"What Would You Do?\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.756698608398438, "source": "search", "title": "CABARET - Theatre in the Park" }, { "answer": "Kit Kat", "passage": "On the train to Paris, Cliff begins to write his novel, reflecting on his experiences: \"There was a cabaret, and there was a master of ceremonies ... and there was a city called Berlin, in a country called Germany ... and it was the end of the world.\" (\"Willkommen\" Reprise). In the Kit Kat Klub, the Emcee welcomes us (in the 1998 revival, he strips off his overcoat to reveal a concentration camp prisoner's uniform marked with a yellow Star of David and a pink triangle, and the backdrop raises to reveal white space). The cabaret ensemble reprises \"Willkommen\", but it is now harsh and violent as the Emcee sings, \"Auf Wiedersehen...à bientôt...\" followed by a crescendo drum roll and a cymbal crash, (in the 1998 revival, the Emcee lurches forward and the lights go out, interpreted by some as him committing suicide by throwing himself onto an electric fence. However, neither the script nor any of those involved in the revival have confirmed this interpretation). In the 2012 London revival, the letters spelling the word \"Kabaret\" are lined up on the stage; the Kit Kat Klub boys/girls, Sally and the Emcee walk through them to the back of the bare stage, stripping naked. Ernst then slowly crosses the stage, knocking over each letter, which falls with a crash. When he exits after knocking over the last letter, the naked cast members huddle together at the back of the stage, white flakes begin to fall down upon them and the sound of hissing gas is heard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.470061302185059, "source": "search", "title": "CABARET - Theatre in the Park" } ]

[ { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "“Knee high by the Fourth of July” was an expression used for many years by Midwest farmers, indicating their corn crop was expected to yield well if those “knee-high conditions” existed.  These days the lyrics, “The corn is as high as an elephant’s eye,” from the song Oh, What a Beautiful Morning  from the 1943 musical Oklahoma!  by Rodgers and Hammerstein , is more accurate.", "precise_score": 6.72452449798584, "rough_score": 4.4367265701293945, "source": "search", "title": "Corn as High as an Elephant’s Eye - The Field Position®" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "My attempt at this \"sunny\" song from Rodgers and Hammerstein's sunny musical \"Oklahoma !\".", "precise_score": -9.430947303771973, "rough_score": -9.583301544189453, "source": "search", "title": "Oh What a Beautiful Morning from Oklahoma ! (cover ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Origin: Originally from lyrics in Rogers and Hammerstein’s song Oh What a Beautiful Morning, from the musical Oklahoma.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.118041038513184, "source": "search", "title": "Calcium Products - FSF - High as an Elephants Eye" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Lyrics for the album \"Oklahoma\" by Musical", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.659052848815918, "source": "search", "title": "Lyrics for the album \"Oklahoma\" by Musical - MYTHS.COM" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Lyrics for the album \"Oklahoma\" by Musical", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.659052848815918, "source": "search", "title": "Lyrics for the album \"Oklahoma\" by Musical - MYTHS.COM" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Oklahoma", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47435474395752, "source": "search", "title": "Lyrics for the album \"Oklahoma\" by Musical - MYTHS.COM" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "They couldn't pick a better time to start in life It ain't too early and it ain't too late Starting as a farmer with a brand new wife Soon be living in a brand new state Brand new state, gonna treat you great! Gonna give you barley, carrots and pertaters Pasture fer the cattle, spinach and termayters Flowers on the prarie where the June bugs zoom Plen'y of air and plen'y of room Plen'y of room to swing a rope Plen'y of heart and plen'y of hope Oklahoma! Where the wind comes sweeping down the plain Where the waving wheat Can sure smell sweet When the wind comes right behind the rain Oklahoma! Every night my honey-lamb and I Sit alone and talk And watch a hawk Making lazy circles in the sky We know we belong to the land And the land we belong to is grand And when we say Yeeow! Ayipioeeay! Yeeow! We're only saying \"You're doin' fine Oklahoma\" Oklahoma O-K O-K-L-A-H-O-M-A Oklahoma!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16529655456543, "source": "search", "title": "Lyrics for the album \"Oklahoma\" by Musical - MYTHS.COM" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Oh What a Beautiful Morning from Oklahoma ! (cover) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480027198791504, "source": "search", "title": "Oh What a Beautiful Morning from Oklahoma ! (cover ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Oh What a Beautiful Morning from Oklahoma ! (cover)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463350296020508, "source": "search", "title": "Oh What a Beautiful Morning from Oklahoma ! (cover ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "It is exceptionally pleasant to re-visit all those classics of yesteryear: “I’m going to wash that man right of my hair”, “People will say we’re in love”, “I enjoy being a girl”, all those recognisable tunes from Carousel, Oklahoma! The King and I and The Sound of Music … the list goes on and on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125950813293457, "source": "search", "title": "How High Is An Elephant’s Eye? - London Vision Clinic" } ]

[ { "answer": "Saint Helen of the Blessed Shroud", "passage": "Heading into the city of Chicago itself, the Brothers reluctantly keep a promise to visit the Penguin ( Kathleen Freeman ) at the ‘Saint Helen of the Blessed Shroud’ orphanage. But it’s not in ‘Calumet City’. The Penguin’s rather rundown facility was a simply frontage built on West 18th Street at South Normal Avenue, southwest of the city (CTA: Halsted Station; Orange Line) – although it’s obviously no longer there, the warehouse buildings remain unchanged.", "precise_score": -2.628424882888794, "rough_score": -6.755313396453857, "source": "search", "title": "The Blues Brothers film locations (1980)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Trois Hommes et un Couffin", "passage": "Three Men and a Baby is a 1987 American comedy film directed by Leonard Nimoy, and stars Tom Selleck, Steve Guttenberg, Ted Danson and Nancy Travis. It follows the mishaps and adventures of three bachelors as they attempt to adapt their lives to pseudo-fatherhood with the arrival of the love child of one of them. The script was based on the 1985 French film Trois hommes et un couffin (Three Men and a Cradle).", "precise_score": 10.142876625061035, "rough_score": 9.36139965057373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Three Men and a Baby" }, { "answer": "Trois Hommes et un Couffin", "passage": "Three Men and a Baby is a 1987 comedy film starring Tom Selleck , Steve Guttenberg , Ted Danson , and Nancy Travis, and directed by the late Leonard Nimoy (of Star Trek fame). It follows the mishaps and adventures of three bachelors as they attempt to adapt their lives to pseudo-fatherhood with the arrival of one of the men's love child. The script was based on the 1985 French film Trois hommes et un couffin (Three Men and a Cradle). It was distributed by Touchstone Pictures .", "precise_score": 10.037715911865234, "rough_score": 9.168636322021484, "source": "search", "title": "Three Men and a Baby - Disney Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Trois Hommes et un Couffin", "passage": "''Three Men and a Baby'' is rated PG (''Parental Guidance Suggested''). It contains brief bedroom scenes and some rude language. Bachelor Fathers THREE MEN AND A BABY, directed by Leonard Nimoy; screenplay James Orr and Jim Cruickshank, based on ''Trois Hommes et un Couffin'' by Coline Serreau; director of photography, Adam Greenberg; edited by Michael A. Stevenson; music by Marvin Hamlisch; production designer, Peter Larkin; produced by Ted Field and Robert W. Cort; released by Buena Vista Pictures Inc. At Embassy One, Broadway at 46th Street; Manhattan Twin, Third Avenue at 59th Street; Olympia Quad, Broadway at 107th Street; Embassy 72d Street, at Broadway and other theaters. Running time: 99 minutes. This film is rated PG. Peter...Tom Selleck Michael...Steve Guttenberg Jack...Ted Danson Sylvia...Nancy Travis Rebecca...Margaret Colin Patty...Alexandra Amini Woman at Gift Shop...Francine Beers Mary...Lisa Blair/Michelle Blair Detective Melkowitz...Philip Bosco Dramatic Actress...Barbara Budd", "precise_score": 8.388869285583496, "rough_score": 8.851030349731445, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Film: 'Three Men and a Baby' - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Trois Hommes et un Couffin", "passage": "''Three Men and a Baby'' is rated PG (''Parental Guidance Suggested''). It contains brief bedroom scenes and some rude language. Bachelor Fathers THREE MEN AND A BABY, directed by Leonard Nimoy; screenplay James Orr and Jim Cruickshank, based on ''Trois Hommes et un Couffin'' by Coline Serreau; director of photography, Adam Greenberg; edited by Michael A. Stevenson; music by Marvin Hamlisch; production designer, Peter Larkin; produced by Ted Field and Robert W. Cort; released by Buena Vista Pictures Inc. At Embassy One, Broadway at 46th Street; Manhattan Twin, Third Avenue at 59th Street; Olympia Quad, Broadway at 107th Street; Embassy 72d Street, at Broadway and other theaters. Running time: 99 minutes. This film is rated PG. Peter...Tom Selleck Michael...Steve Guttenberg Jack...Ted Danson Sylvia...Nancy Travis Rebecca...Margaret Colin Patty...Alexandra Amini Woman at Gift Shop...Francine Beers Mary...Lisa Blair/Michelle Blair Detective Melkowitz...Philip Bosco Dramatic Actress...Barbara Budd", "precise_score": 8.388869285583496, "rough_score": 8.851030349731445, "source": "search", "title": "Film - 'Three Men and a Baby' - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Three Men and a Cradle", "passage": "Three Men and a Baby is an Americanized remake of the 1985 French comedy hit Three Men and a Cradle. Tom Selleck, Ted Danson and Steve Guttenberg play three upwardly mobile New York bachelors who share an apartment. Their even-keel lifestyle is thrown out of whack when a young woman leaves a baby on their doorstep, suspecting that film director Danson is the father. The balance of the film is devoted to milking as much humor as possible out of the situation of three urbane young men trying to play nursemaid with nary a clue of what they're doing (at one point, a desperate Selleck offers Guttenberg a thousand dollars if Guttenberg will change a diaper). A subplot involving drug dealers is thrown in to sustain audience interest after our trio of heroes become accustomed to a baby around the apartment. \"Urban legend\" aficionados please note: That cardboard cutout of Ted Danson briefly glimpsed in one scene of Three Men and a Baby is not the ghost of a little boy who died in the bachelors' apartment before filming started.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.426934242248535, "source": "search", "title": "Three Men and a Baby - Rotten Tomatoes: Movies | TV Shows" }, { "answer": "Three Men and a Cradle", "passage": "LEAD: IT'S even clearer in the big, splashy, good-humored American version of ''Three Men and a Baby'' that it was in the French original (entitled ''Three Men and a Cradle'') that this story is about four babies, not just one. Aside from the infant girl left on their doorstep, the three fun-loving bachelors who grudgingly adopt her are children too.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.074903964996338, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Film: 'Three Men and a Baby' - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Three Men and a Cradle", "passage": "IT'S even clearer in the big, splashy, good-humored American version of ''Three Men and a Baby'' that it was in the French original (entitled ''Three Men and a Cradle'') that this story is about four babies, not just one. Aside from the infant girl left on their doorstep, the three fun-loving bachelors who grudgingly adopt her are children too. When the story begins, they have not a care in the world, just a life filled with revelry and a penthouse apartment that is a monument to their frolicsome ways. The American film makes this especially evident by filling the place with things like a jukebox and a pool table, the grown-up equivalent of toys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.411417007446289, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Film: 'Three Men and a Baby' - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "3 Hommes et un couffin", "passage": "3 hommes et un couffin (1985) - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.38978099822998, "source": "search", "title": "3 hommes et un couffin (1985) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "3 Hommes et un couffin", "passage": "3 hommes et un couffin ( 1985 )", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.341907501220703, "source": "search", "title": "3 hommes et un couffin (1985) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "3 Hommes et un couffin", "passage": "Title: 3 hommes et un couffin (1985)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.581474304199219, "source": "search", "title": "3 hommes et un couffin (1985) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Three Men and a Cradle", "passage": "Three Men and a Cradle See more  »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.986497402191162, "source": "search", "title": "3 hommes et un couffin (1985) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Three Men and a Cradle", "passage": "IT'S even clearer in the big, splashy, good-humored American version of ''Three Men and a Baby'' that it was in the French original (entitled ''Three Men and a Cradle'') that this story is about four babies, not just one. Aside from the infant girl left on their doorstep, the three fun-loving bachelors who grudgingly adopt her are children too. When the story begins, they have not a care in the world, just a life filled with revelry and a penthouse apartment that is a monument to their frolicsome ways. The American film makes this especially evident by filling the place with things like a jukebox and a pool table, the grown-up equivalent of toys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.411417007446289, "source": "search", "title": "Film - 'Three Men and a Baby' - NYTimes.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Roller disco", "passage": "* \"Drum Dreams\" (ELO) (non-soundtrack LP track released as B-side of the \"I'm Alive\" and \"All Over The World\" singles) - beginning of Xanadu opening night roller disco sequence, with Danny leading the group on skates", "precise_score": -1.230880856513977, "rough_score": -1.6755061149597168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Xanadu (film)" }, { "answer": "Roller disco", "passage": "The film was originally conceived as a relatively low-budget roller disco picture. As a number of prominent, A-list performers joined the production, it evolved into a much larger project, while retaining rollerskating as a recurring theme, especially in the final scenes of the club's opening night. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.427407264709473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Xanadu (film)" } ]

[ { "answer": "W. H. Auden", "passage": "At Gareth's funeral, his partner Matthew recites the poem \"Funeral Blues\" (\"Stop all the clocks...\") by W. H. Auden, commemorating his relationship with Gareth. Charles and Tom discuss whether hoping to find your \"one true love\" is just a futile effort and ponder that, while their clique have always viewed themselves as proud to be single, Gareth and Matthew were a \"married\" couple all the while.", "precise_score": -4.161642074584961, "rough_score": -7.017490386962891, "source": "wiki", "title": "Four Weddings and a Funeral" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden's", "passage": "If you're still looking for something suitable be sure to browse through my other page of free funeral poems and funeral readings which includes, W.H. Auden's 'Funeral Blues' , used in the film 'Four Weddings and a Funeral.'", "precise_score": 4.472431182861328, "rough_score": -0.36584794521331787, "source": "search", "title": "Free funeral poems : sympathy poems , bereavement poems" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden's", "passage": "Edward Mendelson, W.H. Auden's literary executor, discusses the poem \"Funeral Blues,\" which was used in the 1994 film Four Weddings and a Funeral and also was set to music by composer Benjamin Britten.", "precise_score": 4.480833530426025, "rough_score": 1.8499165773391724, "source": "search", "title": "Celebrating Auden's Timeless Message : NPR" }, { "answer": "WH Auden", "passage": "Unfortunately, the poem Stop All the Clocks , from The Twelve Songs by WH Auden, which was used in the film “Four Weddings and a Funeral”, is copyright, and cannot be reproduced here. Click on the link to view it.", "precise_score": 4.572646617889404, "rough_score": 0.6125249862670898, "source": "search", "title": "Readings and poems – non religious | Cheshire Ceremonies" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "Along with several plays and libretti, W.H. Auden had published about four hundred poems in his lifetime, and an even larger number of essays and reviews. He was buried in Kirchstetten. His funeral procession began in his cottage on Audenstrasse, a street that had recently been renamed in his honor.", "precise_score": -2.7662463188171387, "rough_score": -3.698456287384033, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "passage": "Wystan Hugh Auden would have been 100 today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.294404029846191, "source": "search", "title": "Funeral Poems - Poems For Funeral - February 21 - Whose ..." }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "W.H. Auden", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.874650955200195, "source": "search", "title": "Memorial Poems to read at a funeral, FREE Poetry and ..." }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "passage": "Wystan Hugh Auden would have been 100 today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.294404029846191, "source": "search", "title": "February 21 - Whose Birthday Today? Poem by Michael ..." }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "Poet W.H. Auden, shown in 1960, was born 100 years ago today. Erich Auerbach/Stringer/Getty Images hide caption", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.011882781982422, "source": "search", "title": "Celebrating Auden's Timeless Message : NPR" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "Poet W.H. Auden, shown in 1960, was born 100 years ago today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.901786804199219, "source": "search", "title": "Celebrating Auden's Timeless Message : NPR" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "Poet W.H. Auden was born in England 100 years ago today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.94662857055664, "source": "search", "title": "Celebrating Auden's Timeless Message : NPR" }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "passage": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.329216003417969, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "passage": "Abstract: Wystan Hugh Auden was born in York, England in 1907. Early influences that would enter his poetry included his Anglo-Catholic household, his father’s medical library, and his Icelandic background. After attending the University of Oxford he traveled around Europe writing poetry, plays, travel books, and libretti, and serving as tutor and schoolmaster at various small schools. He moved to the United States in 1939 and taught at the University of Michigan (and was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship) and Swarthmore College. Later in life, Auden gave lecture tours and readings as Professor of Poetry at Oxford, while continuing to write poetry until his death in 1973 in Austria.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.63587474822998, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "passage": "Wystan Hugh Auden was born February 21, 1907, in York, England. He grew up in Birmingham, where his father, George Augustus Auden, was appointed School Medical Officer of Public Health. Wystan first became acquainted with psychoanalytic theory in his father’s library. These concepts would show up later in his writings, and in 1940 he would write a poem entitled “In Memory of Sigmund Freud.” The family’s Icelandic ancestry introduced the young Auden to the legends of Iceland and Old Norse sagas. These would both influence his later work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05443000793457, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "In 1935, Auden married Erika Mann, daughter of German novelist Thomas Mann. Erika Mann was an openly anti-Fascist German who feared arrest from the Third Reich and was looking for British citizenship. She had first asked Isherwood for help, and he had suggested she ask Auden. Auden replied to her proposal with a one-word telegram: “Delighted.” Mann and Auden, both homosexual, remained technically married until Mann’s death in 1969, but the two never actually lived together. Auden dedicated his 1937 collection, On This Island (known as Look, Stranger! in the U.S.) to Mann. His dedication included the lines “What can truth treasure, or heart bless,/ But a narrow strictness?” Peter Edgerly Firchow suggested in his book “W.H. Auden: Contexts for Poetry” that these lines pointed to a new “preference for truth over art” in Auden’s poetry in the late thirties.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.227314949035645, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "Upon return, Auden left Britain for New York, accompanied by Isherwood. This move was largely seen as a betrayal of England by one of the best-respected literary figures of the nation. But being a famous homosexual in England was risky, and Auden had long planned to permanently move to America. This was not, as some have speculated, a move to escape World War II. In fact, he wrote to an English friend that visiting the war was a reason to consider returning to England. In an essay titled “W.H. Auden as a Social Poet,” Frederick Buell speculated that Auden, by taking himself out of the spotlight and into the anonymity of New York, was “doing what was necessary for his poetic growth, not only in disassociating himself from the moribund movement of the thirties in England, but also in schooling himself in a new privacy from which he could reevaluate both man’s relation to society and man’s relation to God.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.514772415161133, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "Throughout the sixties and into the seventies, Auden wrote a book of poetry every three years. The last collection he completed in his lifetime was 1972’s Epistle to a Godson. Some critics said that his poetry had declined since the 1940s and ‘50s, when highly-regarded modernist poet John Ashbery had called Auden “the modern poet.” But Edward Mendelson, literary executor of the estate of W.H. Auden, argued that this was not a decline, but just a change—perhaps a departure from the usual modernist style. Mendelson says in his introduction to Auden’s Selected Poems that “most critics of twentieth-century poetry judged poems by their conformity to modernist norms,” and that “except in his earliest and latest poems, there is virtually nothing modernist about [Auden].”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.489348411560059, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "Auden, Wystan Hugh", "passage": "Auden, Wystan Hugh. “W.H. Auden: The Art of Poetry No. 17.” Interview by Michael Newman. The Paris Review Spring 1974.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.428001403808594, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "Bloom, Harold. W.H. Auden. New York: Chelsea House, 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.866361618041992, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "Auden, Wystan Hugh", "passage": "Mendelson, Edward. ‘Auden, Wystan Hugh (1907–1973)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. New York: Oxford UP, Sept 2004; online ed. Oct 2007 <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30775>.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.920178413391113, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden", "passage": "Spears, Monroe K. “W.H. Auden at Swarthmore.” Swarthmore College Bulletin (March 1962): 1-6.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03713321685791, "source": "search", "title": "Auden, Wystan Hugh (W.H.) - Pennsylvania State University" } ]

[ { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "The Aristocats is a 1970 American animated musical adventure-comedy film produced and released by Walt Disney Productions and features the voices of Eva Gabor, Hermione Baddeley, Phil Harris, Dean Clark, Sterling Holloway, Scatman Crothers, and Roddy Maude-Roxby. The 20th animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series, the film is based on a story by Tom McGowan and Tom Rowe, and revolves around a family of aristocratic cats, and how an alley cat acquaintance helps them after a butler has kidnapped them to gain his mistress' fortune which was intended to go to them. It was originally released to theaters by Buena Vista Distribution on December 11, 1970.", "precise_score": 5.182234287261963, "rough_score": 4.383620262145996, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Aristocats" }, { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "The New York Times praised the film as \"grand fun all the way, nicely flavored with tunes, and topped with one of the funniest jam sessions ever by a bunch of scraggly Bohemians headed by one Scat Cat.\" Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, awarded the film three stars out of four summarizing The Aristocats as \"light and pleasant and funny, the characterization is strong, and the voices of Phil Harris (O'Malley the Alley Cat) and Eva Gabor (Duchess, the mother cat) are charming in their absolute rightness.\" For its 1987 re-release, animation historian Charles Solomon expressed criticism for its episodic plot, anachronisms, and borrowed plot elements from earlier Disney animated features, but nevertheless wrote \"But even at their least original, the Disney artists provide better animation--and more entertainment--than the recent animated features hawking The Care Bears, Rainbow Brite and Transformers. Writing in his book The Disney Films, Disney historian and film critic Leonard Maltin wrote that \"[t]he worst that one could say of The AristoCats is that it is unmemorable. It's smoothly executed, of course, and enjoyable, but neither its superficial story nor its characters have any resonance.\" Additionally, in his book Of Mice and Magic, Maltin criticized the film for re-using Phil Harris's voice to replicate The Jungle Book’s Baloo dismissing the character Thomas O'Malley as \"essentially the same character, dictated by the same voice personality.\" ", "precise_score": 5.843429088592529, "rough_score": 4.7193708419799805, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Aristocats" }, { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "* Phil Harris as Thomas O'Malley (full name: Abraham de Lacy Giuseppe Casey Thomas O'Malley) – A feral cat who befriends Duchess and her kittens, becoming a father figure to the kittens and falling in love with Duchess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1644585132598877, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Aristocats" }, { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "As with The Jungle Book, the characters were patterned on the personalities of the voice actors. In 1966, Walt Disney contacted Phil Harris to improvise the script, and shortly after, he was cast to voice Thomas O'Malley. To differentiate the character from Baloo, Reitherman noted O'Malley was \"more based on Clark Gable than Wallace Beery, who was partly the model for Baloo.\" Reitherman further cast Eva Gabor as Duchess, remarking she had \"the freshest femme voice we've ever had\", and Sterling Holloway as Roquefort. Louis Armstrong was initially reported to voice Scat Cat, but he backed out of the project in 1969 for unknown reasons. Out of desperation, Scatman Crothers was hired to voice the character under the direction to imitate Armstrong. Pat Buttram and George Lindsey were cast as the farm dogs, which proved so popular with the filmmakers that another scene was included to have the dogs when Edgar returns to the farm to retrieve his displaced hat and umbrella. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0353307723999023, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Aristocats" }, { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "Phil Harris - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379785537719727, "source": "search", "title": "Phil Harris - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "How much of Phil Harris's work have you seen?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.524747848510742, "source": "search", "title": "Phil Harris - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "Phil Harris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371942520141602, "source": "search", "title": "Phil Harris - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "But to overcome this flaw, the filmmakers have successfully used many of the better features of most of the Disney animated films of the previous 10-15 years: Phil Harris (from The Jungle Book) voicing one of the main characters, follows his duet with Louis Prima in the previous film with another here with Scatman Crothers. The quality visual look of this film is virtually carried over from \"Dalmatians\" (with some nice nods to French Impressionism, it appears), and the villain here (the butler) is strongly reminiscent of the henchmen in that film as well. (This is probably one of Disney's least memorable villains.) The main story goes back and forth between the cats, and the butler's ongoing difficulties with two rural hound dogs (with great voice work by Pat Buttram and George \"Goober\" Lindsey\"). The various animal characters are similarly familiar to those who have seen \"Tramp\" and \"Dalmatians.\" The cats' owner, while bearing a striking visual resemblance to the wicked stepmother in Sleeping Beauty, bears none of that character's nasty traits and comes across as very warm and generous.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.859169006347656, "source": "search", "title": "The AristoCats (1970) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Phil Harris", "passage": "I've given the impression in my reviews that I hold Wolfgang Reitherman responsible for the declining standards of Disney films before the renaissance. In my review of The Rescuers, I accused the company of \"blatantly re-treading old ground\", trying to shore up their box office by recycling the symbols and story arcs that had brought them success in the past. And since Reitherman directed or co-directed the majority of the films the company produced in this period, a great deal of the blame should rest on his shoulders. That's not to say, however, that Reitherman was incapable of producing creative or memorable work. As much as I criticised his contributions to 101 Dalmatians, he did have a good run as an animator before he began directing, contributing cels to every major Disney feature up to and including Sleeping Beauty. To every general trend there is at least one exception - and one of Reitherman's is The Aristocats. The two biggest complaints I've made about Reitherman's directorial work are the rougher quality of the animation and the unashamed reuse of old footage. Both are present to a great extent in The Aristocats, with the characters having rougher edges and fine details being skimped on. The reuse of footage is particularly blatant during the sequence with the cats in the back of the van; the van is almost identical to Horace and Jaspers' in 101 Dalmatians, and the shot of O'Malley hanging off the back is neither more nor less than footage of Pongo flipped through 180 degrees. While normally these two qualities would be annoying, and unbecoming of a proper Disney film, on this occasion we can overlook the latter and embrace the former. The scruffier animation style makes sense because it complements the brasher, jazzier soundtrack. It's right for Scat Cat, O'Malley and the others to have jagged edges and exaggerated features of certain kinds, to distinguish them from the refined, classical pedigree of Duchess and the kittens. Where so often the Xeroxing style gives the impression of laziness, when tied to this music, it gains a whole new energy. The soundtrack to The Aristocats is pretty damn good. The title song, sung by Maurice Chevalier, is elegant but playful, as is 'Scales And Arpeggios' a little later on. We can overlook the child actors singing more than a little off-key, since the melody is really catchy and the music is well-produced. 'Thomas O'Malley' is pure swagger with clever lyrics and a rhythm which suits the timbre of Phil Harris' voice. And then there's 'Everybody Wants To Be A Cat', which is raucous and thoroughly entertaining. Some of the jazz slang may go over children's heads, but there's still a lot of fun to be had with its two renditions. One of Disney's big strengths has always been combining physical comedy with incidental music. Whether it's 'The Sorceror's Apprentice' sequence in Fantasia or Hook fighting the crocodile in Peter Pan, their musical set-pieces rarely miss a beat. But whereas these films were rooted firmly in pantomime and vaudeville, The Aristocats takes some of its inspiration from Jacques Tati. While there is no direct stand-in for Monsieur Hulot (Tati's signature character), Edgar the butler does broadly share some of his characteristics. Like Tati, he spends a lot of his time not getting on with technology, as shown by his farcical journeys on the motorcycle and his unreliable umbrella. He also gives the illusion of respectability and trust, and is every bit as bumbling even if his ends are a lot more cruel. Certain moments of The Aristocats are so Tati-esque that they bear a passing resemblance to later animations by Sylvain Chomet, who channelled Tati in Belleville Rendezvous and The Illusionist. Like a lot of Tati's work, the story of The Aristocats is pretty thin. It's essentially 101 Dalmatians with cats, plus the class barriers and romance from Lady and the Tramp. Like the former the basic plot involves privileged animals being isolated from their owners and having to find their way home, with O'Malley standing in for the Tramp. But the story is executed so breezily and with such a sense of fun that these similarities don't really play on one's mind. More than any other Disney film of the 1970s, The Aristocats has a great sense of comic timing and is really light on its feet. While 101 Dalmatians only took flight in its last 20 minutes, this film is determined to keep the tempo up from the second the kittens are out in the open. The characters' movements are more fluid and excitable than their counterparts in Robin Hood¸ and the upbeat nature of the voice acting prevents us from slowing up and losing interest in the characters. Much of the appeal of The Aristocats lies in the whimsical nature of its characters. While Madame and Duchess are relatively refined and restrained, they are surrounded by a bunch of larger-than-life eccentrics, all of whom are in some way endearing. Madame's lawyer arrives in a wild scramble of limbs, having immense energy but no accurate means of directing it. The marinated Uncle Waldo is hilarious, slurring his speech and hamming it for all his worth (no pun intended). But even when it lowers the tempo, The Aristocats still has the skill to make us laugh. The best example of this comes at night when Edgar attempts to recover his hat and motorbike from Lafayette and Napoleon. The jazzy score provides the beat like the set-pieces in the early Pink Panther films, and the sequence plays out in just the right amount of time. The shoes gag is classic Blake Edwards material, and the sight of a one-wheeled haystack should produce a big chuckle. The voice acting in The Aristocats is pretty good, with many familiar voices making an appearance. Phil Harris' performance is a nice follow-up to his Baloo in The Jungle Book¸ delivering the lines in the same carefree, rascally way. Eva Gabor is much clearer and more endearing than she is in The Rescuers, with her socialite status and good looks being reflected in Duchess' jewels and facial features. Sterling Holloway provides good support as Roquefort, as does Scatman Crothers, best known for playing the caretaker in Stanley Kubrick's The Shining. There are a few problems with The Aristocats. Being a Tati-esque comedy, the actual story is very thin in a way that will disappoint classic Disney fans. The romance between Duchess and O'Malley doesn't develop or go through phases to the same extent as in Lady in the Tramp, and much of the time you could accuse the film of getting by on cuteness alone. Some of the period details haven't dated well, particularly the 'oriental' stereotyping of one of the Alley Cats. And there are probably too many ancillary characters, with the speed of the plot glossing over the fact that not all of them have distinctive roles. The Aristocats is a highly enjoyable if narratively modest effort from Disney, which succeeds on the basis of its pace, comic timing and the likeability of its characters. It's by no means a classic work, lacking either the narrative substance of the classic era or the glossy sheen of the renaissance. But it does at least demonstrate that Wolfgang Reitherman was capable of producing good work under the right circumstances. On the basis of this, one only wishes that he'd done this off more often.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.468576192855835, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocats (1970) - Rotten Tomatoes" } ]

[ { "answer": "Joe Gideon", "passage": "Strictly speaking, All That Jazz isn’t about a dancer. Bob Fosse was many things—dancer, choreographer, actor, director, writer, and some might say History’s Greatest Monster for beating out Francis Ford Coppola for Best Director at the 1973 Oscars . And strictly speaking, All That Jazz isn’t technically about Fosse, at least in that the lead character—a similar multi-hyphenate named Joe Gideon played by Roy Scheider—isn’t named “Bob Fosse.” But the film à clef is, for all intents and purposes, a Fosse biopic written and directed by the man himself. And it’s not a flattering portrait. But it is, in typical Fosse fashion, flashy and stylish, with a hint of the avant garde. ", "precise_score": 8.146833419799805, "rough_score": 8.844476699829102, "source": "search", "title": "All That Jazz was Bob Fosse’s portrait of the artist as ..." }, { "answer": "Joe Gideon", "passage": "Bob Fosse's autobiographical look at his life, with Roy Scheider fabulously standing-in for Fosse as Joe Gideon, pill-popping, womanizing director-choreographer on the verge of collapse in New York City. Fosse paints himself as suspicious, paranoid, driven, indifferent, exhausted and horny. It's more than most of us want to know about the guy, who seems intent on showing us what a creep he is...but a talented creep! It's a film that doesn't particularly look good (it's a gray, chilly movie), but it has amazing musical flourishes and the self-styled bombast is actually rather amusing once you get the idea. Jessica Lange is beautiful in an early role as the Angel of Death (imagine Fosse explaining that role to her!), and Scheider's performance is really something to see (only occasionally does the camera catch him not knowing what to do). Fosse tries hard not to be pretentious, he keeps things playful and perky, and his ironic ending is wincingly funny. The film is alive and ticking--but that's not Fosse's heart, it's a time bomb. *** from ****", "precise_score": 2.4845364093780518, "rough_score": 0.9471192359924316, "source": "search", "title": "All That Jazz (1979) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Joe Gideon", "passage": "Joe Gideon is a theater director and choreographer trying to balance work on his latest Broadway musical with editing a Hollywood film he has directed. He is a workaholic who chain-smokes cigarettes, and without a daily dose of Vivaldi, Visine, Alka-Seltzer, Dexedrine, and sex, he wouldn't have the energy to keep up the biggest \"show\" of all — his life. His girlfriend Katie Jagger, his ex-wife Audrey Paris, and daughter Michelle try to pull him back from the brink, but it is too late for his exhausted body and stress-ravaged heart. In his imagination, he flirts with an angel of death named Angelique.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.402095794677734, "source": "wiki", "title": "All That Jazz (film)" }, { "answer": "Joe Gideon", "passage": "In his review in The New York Times, Vincent Canby called the film \"an uproarious display of brilliance, nerve, dance, maudlin confessions, inside jokes and, especially, ego\" and \"an essentially funny movie that seeks to operate on too many levels at the same time... some of it makes you wince, but a lot of it is great fun... A key to the success of the production is the performance of Roy Scheider as Joe Gideon... With an actor of less weight and intensity, All That Jazz might have evaporated as we watched it. Mr. Scheider's is a presence to reckon with.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.005470275878906, "source": "wiki", "title": "All That Jazz (film)" }, { "answer": "Joe Gideon", "passage": "Director/choreographer Bob Fosse tells his own life story as he details the sordid life of Joe Gideon, a womanizing, drug-using dancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.355435848236084, "source": "search", "title": "All That Jazz (1979) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Joe Gideon", "passage": "Choreographing and picking dancers for his current show whilst editing his feature film about a stand-up comedian is getting to Joe Gideon. Without the chemical substances, he would not have the energy to keep up with his girlfriend, his ex-wife, and his special dancing daughter. They attempt to bring him back from the brink, but it's too late for his exhausted body and stress-ravaged heart. He chain-smokes, uses drugs, sleeps with his dancers and overworks himself into open-heart surgery. Scenes from his past life start to encroach on the present and he becomes increasingly aware of his mortality. Written by Jeremy Perkins {J-26}", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98968505859375, "source": "search", "title": "All That Jazz (1979) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Joe Gideon", "passage": "In the movie, Fosse changes his name to Joe Gideon, brought to life by Scheider as a man driven by his work and an unapologetic taste for woman. It's loosely based on the early stages of bringing \"Chicago\" to Broadway, from the casting to the rehearsals. Some of the liveliest moments involve the pressure Gideon puts on the dancers to turn his vision into a reality, especially when pertaining to Victoria (Deborah Geffner), a lousy dancer he was convinced could be shaped into something special for no other reason than the fact she had great legs (and was great in bed). Less interesting are the scenes of Gideon attempting to edit a stand up comedy movie he's directed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2830708026885986, "source": "search", "title": "Hell and Beyond: It's Showtime!: Bob Fosse's All That Jazz" } ]

[ { "answer": "9", "passage": "Macaulay Carson Culkin (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor and musician. He became famous as a child actor for his role as Kevin McCallister in the family comedy Home Alone (1990) and its sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992). He is also known for his roles in Uncle Buck (1989), My Girl (1991), The Good Son (1993), The Pagemaster (1994), Richie Rich (1994), Party Monster (2003), and the music video for Michael Jackson's \"Black or White\". At the height of his fame, he was regarded as the most successful child actor since Shirley Temple. Culkin ranked at number two on VH1's list of the \"100 Greatest Kid-Stars\" and E!'s list of the \"50 Greatest Child Stars\".", "precise_score": 6.037975311279297, "rough_score": 8.930968284606934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Culkin began acting at the age of four. Early roles saw him appearing in a stage production of Bach Babies at the New York Philharmonic. He continued appearing in roles on stage, television, and films throughout the 1980s. Notable parts in this period included an episode of the popular action series The Equalizer, in which he played a kidnapping victim, and in the TV movie The Midnight Hour. In 1989, he starred in Uncle Buck with John Candy. ", "precise_score": 3.541351795196533, "rough_score": 5.158635139465332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Culkin rose to international fame with his lead role as Kevin McCallister in the blockbuster film Home Alone (1990), where he was reunited with Uncle Buck writer and director John Hughes and Uncle Buck co-star John Candy. He reprised the role of Kevin in the 1992 sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. Culkin also starred in a Saturday morning cartoon entitled Wish Kid and hosted Saturday Night Live in late 1991. Despite the huge success of Uncle Buck, Home Alone, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York and My Girl, other films Culkin acted in, such as The Good Son, only did reasonably well (although he was nominated for MTV Movie Award in the category for Best Villain for his performance in the film). Getting Even with Dad, The Pagemaster, and Richie Rich, all released in 1994, were only mildly successful at the box office. He also appeared in a filmed version of The Nutcracker as the title role in 1993, which was staged by Peter Martins from the 1954 George Balanchine New York City Ballet version of the work. He appeared in the 1998 music video for the song \"Sunday\" by the rock band Sonic Youth.", "precise_score": 3.6398651599884033, "rough_score": 7.238522529602051, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Culkin stated in a May 27, 2004, interview on Larry King Live that he tends to refrain from disclosing aspects of his personal life, though he discussed his life as a child actor, the conflict in his family life (including his estrangement from his father), and how he retired from acting at age 14. Culkin married actress Rachel Miner in 1998, but the couple separated in 2000 and divorced in 2002. ", "precise_score": 0.33984440565109253, "rough_score": 4.519233703613281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Home Alone (stylized as HOME ALONe) is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister, a boy who is mistakenly left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation. Kevin initially relishes being home alone, but soon has to contend with two would-be burglars played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern. The film also features Catherine O'Hara and John Heard as Kevin's parents.", "precise_score": 3.9138596057891846, "rough_score": 6.096017360687256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Culkin was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Musical or Comedy. After its release, Home Alone became the highest-grossing live action comedy film of all time in the US, and also held the record worldwide until it was overtaken by The Hangover Part II in 2011. It is the highest grossing Christmas movie of all time at the North American box office (when adjusted for inflation). Home Alone has spawned a successful film franchise with four sequels, including the 1992 film Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, the only Home Alone sequel to have the original cast reprising their roles.", "precise_score": 1.1416875123977661, "rough_score": 4.845359802246094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Macaulay Carson Culkin, one of the most famous American child stars, was born on August 26, 1980 in New York City, New York, USA, as the third of seven children of his father Christopher Culkin (a former stage and child actor and also Macaulay's former manager) and mother Patricia Brentrup . He is the brother of Shane Culkin , Dakota Culkin , Kieran Culkin , Quinn Culkin , Christian Culkin , and Rory Culkin , most of whom have also acted. Macaulay's mother, who is from North Dakota, is of German and Norwegian descent. Macaulay's father, from Manhattan, has Irish, German, English, Swiss-German, and French ancestry.", "precise_score": 0.2145693004131317, "rough_score": 6.184250831604004, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "By the age of 9, the young actor had nearly upstaged star John Candy in Uncle Buck (1989) (his deadpan interrogation of Candy was Buck's funniest scene). Then, in 1990, writer John Hughes turned his finished Home Alone (1990) script over to director Chris Columbus with a suggestion to consider Culkin for the lead. Though Macaulay was the first kid Columbus saw, he was skeptical about having him in the lead and saw over 200 other possible actors and he admitted that no one came as close to being as good as Culkin. By the callback interview, Mack had memorized two scenes, and Columbus was sure he found his \"Kevin McCallister\". The movie grossed more than $285 million in the US alone, becoming one of the highest grossing movies of all time and making Macaulay Culkin one of the biggest movie stars of the time.", "precise_score": 6.662287712097168, "rough_score": 8.170799255371094, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "The role of Kevin McCallister in Home Alone (1990) was written for Macaulay by John Hughes (who had written and directed another film which featured Macaulay, Uncle Buck (1989)). Despite this, some other boys were auditioned by Chris Columbus just to make sure that Macaulay was right.", "precise_score": 2.9650003910064697, "rough_score": 5.802281856536865, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "His brother Kieran Culkin played his cousin in Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992).", "precise_score": 2.505915880203247, "rough_score": 5.965930938720703, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "His brother Rory Culkin , now an established actor in his own right, has played both Macaulay's little brother (in The Good Son (1993) and the younger version of Macaulay's character (in Ri¢hie Ri¢h (1994)).", "precise_score": 0.6083741188049316, "rough_score": 5.703603744506836, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "When casting the role of Kevin McCallister for Home Alone (1990), Chris Columbus had already seen him in Uncle Buck (1989) but he wanted to audition some other kids first while writer and producer John Hughes had his heart set on Culkin. So Columbus met Culkin in New York and was very charmed by him and thought he was fantastic. Columbus auditioned five other kids and none of them shaped up to Culkin. Columbus went with Culkin because he was not as picture perfect and he had an instant relatability to the kids in the audience. Columbus knew the cameras would love him and he was immensely funny.", "precise_score": 2.9095284938812256, "rough_score": 5.711887359619141, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "After securing Culkin, Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern for Home Alone (1990), Chris Columbus felt confident enough to cast actors who were his heroes growing up like Catherine O'Hara after seeing her work on SCTV (1976) as well as John Heard and then Tim Curry and Rob Schneider on Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) because they were all open to the films.", "precise_score": 2.972818374633789, "rough_score": 6.9405717849731445, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Macaulay Culkin perhaps the most iconic child star of his generation, was just 10 years old when Home Alone hit theaters back in 1990. Funnily enough, the kid who enjoyed \"a lovely cheese pizza, just for me\" back then still dabbles in that doughy stuff these days professionally—but we digress.", "precise_score": 8.98857307434082, "rough_score": 7.942073822021484, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Then: Lovable comedian John Candy had a cameo appearance in ‘Home Alone,’ playing kind-hearted polka player Gus Polinski, who gives Mrs. McCallister a ride back to Chicago. Candy was a favorite of John Hughes, and had previously starred in 1987’s ‘Planes, Trains, and Automobiles,’ and alongside Macaulay Culkin in 1989’s ‘Uncle Buck,’ another Hughes film.", "precise_score": 1.1208176612854004, "rough_score": 4.739135265350342, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "Nine", "passage": "Ever wonder what Home Alone’s Kevin McAllister would be like as a grown-up? The angel-faced protagonist played by Macaulay Culkin, who was nine years old when he filmed the 1990 holiday comedy, was nothing if not resourceful: Accidentally left behind by his family during Christmas vacation, he single-handedly fended off two burglars (the “Wet Bandits” played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern) with a series of brutal booby traps. But being abandoned by your parents, then pitted against two violent strangers, has to take a psychological toll. In the first episode of the new digital series :DRYVRS (created by Jack Dishel), Culkin, 35, pays homage to the role that cemented his childhood fame — and it doesn’t take long for things to get dark. Watch it above. (Warning: Strong language!)", "precise_score": 8.765096664428711, "rough_score": 8.418861389160156, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin Re-Lives His 'Home Alone' Trauma in New ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "The five-minute video, co-starring Dishel, never references Culkin’s character by name. But around 90 seconds in, he begins a telltale rant about an childhood incident that scarred him for life: His entire family left him alone in the house on Christmas when he was eight years old, and he had to fight off “psychopath home invaders.” Culkin’s character still has nightmares, he says, about “this bald weirdo dude chasing me around, talking like Yosemite Sam” — meaning Harry, the slightly-smarter bandit played by Joe Pesci. “They [didn’t] even curse, calling me like ‘louse’ and s— like that,” Culkin recalls with confusion (a joking reference to Home Alone’s PG-rated dialogue).  ", "precise_score": 6.101815700531006, "rough_score": 6.017816543579102, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin Re-Lives His 'Home Alone' Trauma in New ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Culkin was the third of seven children, five boys and two girls: Shane (born 1976), Dakota (1979–2008), Kieran (born 1982), Quinn (born 1984), Christian (born 1987), and Rory (born 1989). During Culkin's early childhood, the family lived in a small apartment; his mother was a telephone operator and his father worked as a sacristan at a local Catholic church. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9742597341537476, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "After several years of inactivity, Culkin returned to acting, in 2000, with a role in the play Madame Melville, which was staged in London's West End. In the spring of 2003, he made a guest appearance on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace. His role as Karen Walker's deceptively immature divorce lawyer won him favorable reviews. Culkin headed back into motion pictures in 2003 with Party Monster, in which he played a role very different from those he was known for, that of party promoter Michael Alig, a drug user and murderer. He quickly followed that with a supporting part in Saved!, as a cynical wheelchair-using, non-Christian student in a conservative Christian high school. Though Saved! only had modest success at the box office, Culkin received positive reviews for his role in the film and its implications for a career as an adult actor. [http://www.guidelive.com/portal/page?_pageid33,97283&_dad", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.982408046722412, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "In 2009, Culkin appeared in a UK-based commercial for Aviva Insurance (formerly Norwich Union) to help promote their company's rebranding. Culkin stared into the camera stating, \"Remember me.\" On August 17, 2009, Culkin made a brief cameo appearance on WWE Raw at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri, following a \"falls count anywhere\" match between Hornswoggle and Chavo Guerrero, in which Guerrero was defeated by the classic Home Alone gag of rigging a swinging paint can to hit him upon opening a door. Culkin appeared in the doorway and said, \"That's not funny.\" In February 2010, Culkin appeared in an episode of Poppy de Villeneuve's online series for The New York Times, The Park. On March 7 of the same year, he appeared alongside actors Matthew Broderick, Molly Ringwald, Judd Nelson, Ally Sheedy, Anthony Michael Hall, and Jon Cryer in a tribute to the late John Hughes. In April 2011, Culkin was featured in musician Adam Green's experimental film The Wrong Ferarri, which was entirely shot on an iPhone. In the same month, he also appeared in the music video for \"Stamp Your Name On It\" performed by Green's former bandmate Jack Dishel/Only Son. In September 2012, he appeared in a video on YouTube explaining how he turned his apartment in New York into a painting workshop. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6652042865753174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "On September 17, 2004, Culkin was arrested in Oklahoma City for the possession of of marijuana and two controlled substances, of Alprazolam and 32 mg of Clonazepam, for which he was briefly jailed, then released on a $4,000 bail. After being arraigned in court for misdemeanor drug offenses, he pleaded not guilty at the trial (October 15, 2004, to June 9, 2005), then later reversed the plea to guilty. He received three one-year suspended prison sentences and was ordered to pay $540 in fees. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.048402786254883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Around the time of the first Home Alone movie, Culkin became close friends with pop singer Michael Jackson, making an appearance in Jackson's \"Black or White\" music video. After sexual abuse allegations involving Michael Jackson, Culkin spoke at Jackson's trial, and reported he had slept in Jackson's bedroom on countless occasions but also stated that Jackson's bedroom was arranged over two stories and that Jackson had never sexually molested him or touched him in improper ways. Culkin referred to the allegations as \"absolutely ridiculous\". Culkin attended Jackson's burial on September 3, 2009. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3619338870048523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Macaulay Culkin" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Meanwhile, Kevin wakes up to find the house empty and, believing his wish has come true, is overjoyed with his new-found freedom. However, Kevin's joy turns to fear as he encounters his next door neighbor, \"Old Man\" Marley, who is rumored to have murdered his family with a snow shovel in 1958; he also encounters the \"Wet Bandits\", Harry and Marv, a pair of burglars who have been breaking into other vacant houses in the neighborhood and have targeted the McCallisters' house. Kevin is initially able to keep them away by making the house appear as if the family is home, but they eventually realize that Kevin is home alone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.854216575622559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Home Alone was set—and mostly shot—in the greater Chicago area in February 1990. Other shots, such as those of Paris, are either stock footage or film trickery. The Paris-Orly Airport scenes were filmed in one part of O'Hare International Airport. The scene where Kevin wades through a neighbor's flooded basement when trying to outsmart the burglars was shot in the swimming pool of New Trier High School. A mock-up of the McDonnell Douglas DC10 business class was also put together on the school's basketball courts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.552600860595703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Some scenes were shot in a three-story single-family house located at 671 Lincoln Avenue in the village of Winnetka. The kitchen in the film was shot in the house, along with the main staircase, basement and most of the first floor landing. The house's dining room, and all the downstairs rooms (excluding the kitchen) were built on a sound stage. The house was built in 1921 and features five bedrooms, a fully converted attic, a detached double garage and a greenhouse. The tree house in the back yard was built specifically for the film and dismantled after filming ended. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.077801704406738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Initially Columbus hoped to have Bruce Broughton, score the films, and early posters list him as the composer. However Broughton was busy with The Rescuers Down Under and had to cancel at the last minute. From there Columbus was able to get in touch with Steven Spielberg who helped him contact John Williams to produce the final score. Christmas songs, such as \"O Holy Night\" and \"Carol of the Bells\", are featured prominently in the film, as well as the film's theme song \"Somewhere in My Memory\". The soundtrack was released by Sony Classical in cassette on December 4, 1990 and in CD on May 27, 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.030830383300781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "Nine", "passage": "In its opening weekend, Home Alone grossed $17 million in 1,202 theaters, averaging $14,211 per site and just 6% of the final total and added screens over the next six weeks, with a peak screen count of 2,174 during its eighth weekend at the start of January 1991. Home Alone proved so popular that it stayed in theaters well past the Christmas season. It was the 1 film at the box office for 12 straight weeks, from its release weekend of November 16–18, 1990 through the weekend of February 1–3, 1991. It was finally dethroned from the top spot when Sleeping with the Enemy opened with $13 million. It nevertheless remained a top ten draw at the box office until the weekend of April 26 that year, which was well past Easter weekend. It made two more appearances in the top ten (the weekend of May 31 – June 2 and the weekend of June 14–16) before finally falling out of the top ten. After over nine months into its run, the film had earned 16x its debut weekend and ended up making a final gross of $285,761,243, the top grossing film of its year in North America. The film is listed in the Guinness World Records as the highest-grossing live-action comedy ever. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.0523042678833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "By the time it had run its course in theaters, Home Alone was the third highest-grossing film of all time worldwide, as well as in the United States and Canada behind only Star Wars ($322 million at the time) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial ($399 million at that time), according to the home video box. In total, its cinema run grossed $477,561,243 worldwide. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 67.7 million tickets in the US. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.805832862854004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "On Rotten Tomatoes, Home Alone holds an approval rating of 55%, based on 42 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"Home Alone is frequently funny and led by a terrific starring turn from Macaulay Culkin, but an uneven script and a premise stretched unreasonably thin make it hard to wholeheartedly recommend.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, it has a score of 63 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0749331712722778, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "The film was followed by a commercially successful sequel in 1992, Lost in New York, which brings back the first film's cast. The film within a film, Angels with Filthy Souls, had a sequel in Home Alone 2, Angels with Even Filthier Souls. Both Angels meta-films featured character actor Ralph Foody as stereotypical 1930s mobster Johnny. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.118326187133789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Home Alone 3, released in 1997, has completely different actors, and a different storyline with Hughes writing the screenplay.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.7400102615356445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Home Alone (ISBN 0-590-55066-7) was novelized by Todd Strasser and published by Scholastic in 1990 to coincide with the film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.776590347290039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "\"Mack\", as he's known to his close friends and family, first came into showbiz at the age of 4, appearing in a string of Off-Broadway shows such as the New York City Ballet's The Nutcracker and, by 8 years-old, the films Rocket Gibraltar (1988) and See You in the Morning (1989), which included him in the rare company of kids who have received rave reviews from The New Yorker and The New York Times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.613858222961426, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "His next big project was My Girl (1991) in which he played \"Thomas J. Sennett\", a boy who seems to be allergic to everything. Despite some controversy over the ending, the film was released anyway and proved to be another hit film for Mack (and featured his very first kiss). In 1992 came Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), which grossed more than $172 million in the US alone. In 1993 came The Good Son (1993), which was the first role to depart from his cute kid comedies. He played a murderous little demon named Henry. He got the role when his powerhouse negotiator/manager/father Kit Culkin said that he would pull Mack out of Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) unless he was given the psychotic boy lead in The Good Son (1993). He was also given a salary of $5 million for the film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.930332601070404, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "In 1994, at the age of 14, came a string of duds, The Pagemaster (1994), Getting Even with Dad (1994) and Ri¢hie Ri¢h (1994). He was paid $8 million for the last two, the highest salary ever paid for a child star. Many people believed Mack had lost his touch, though, because he was no longer that cute tiny kid they saw in Home Alone (1990). In 1995 his parents, who were never married, separated and started a greedy legal battle over the custody of their kids and Mack's fortune. In 1996, the young actor had reportedly said he wouldn't accept any roles until his parents settled their custody dispute. That case would not be resolved until April 1997 when Kit Culkin relinquished control to Brentrup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4582420587539673, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "In 1998, Macaulay married actress Rachel Miner , but separated in 2000 because Rachel wanted to start a family and Mack wanted to get back into acting. There has been a gap of eight years since 1994's Ri¢hie Ri¢h (1994), and although he made a 'comeback' on stage in 2001, appearing in a London production of \"Madame Melville\", and also portrayed Michael Alig in Party Monster (2003); with an estimated fortune of $17 million he clearly never has to work again - if the roles don't appeal to him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.539325714111328, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Brother of Shane Culkin (b. 1976), Dakota Culkin (1978-2008), Kieran Culkin (b. 1982), Quinn Culkin (b. 1984), Christian Culkin (b. 1987) and Rory Culkin (b. 1989).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.535100936889648, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Father hands sole custody of Macaulay and his siblings over to their mother. Parents never married and mother filed for custody. [April 1997]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.092236518859863, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Reports claim the Culkin family could soon be homeless. Control of Macaulay's finances have been removed from the family and placed in the hands of his accountant. [February 1997]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4579918384552, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Studied at the School of American Ballet. The school is the official training academy of the New York City Ballet. Its founders (in 1934) were Lincoln Kirstein and George Balanchine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.312389373779297, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "He and his wife buy $1.7 million 5200-foot loft on lower Broadway in Manhattan. [November 1999]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201929092407227, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Burned out at age 14, he quit acting in 1995 and only recently made a 'comeback' on stage in 2001, appearing in a London production of \"Madame Melville,\" playing a 15-year-old who is seduced by his French teacher. It later moved Off-Broadway for a 4-month stint.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.79771089553833, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Best known for his role as Kevin McCallister in Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5408905744552612, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Attended WWF's (now WWE) WrestleMania VII (1991) on March 24, 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06204605102539, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Became the first child actor to ever receive a million dollars for one film - and in a supporting role too! The film was My Girl (1991).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.222611427307129, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "His performance as Kevin McCallister in Home Alone (1990) is ranked #99 on Premiere Magazine's 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.201014518737793, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Had a small part in the Oliver Stone movie Born on the Fourth of July (1989), but his scenes were cut.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.100494384765625, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Was considered for the role of \"Mark Sway\" in The Client (1994) but lost out to Brad Renfro .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.696096420288086, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "His 29-year-old sister, Dakota Culkin , passed away after accidentally being struck by a car on December 10th 2008 in Los Angeles, California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4061810374259949, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "He has a half-sister, Jennifer Adamson, from another relationship of his father. Jennifer died in 2000 at age 29 from a drug overdose.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.445303916931152, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Son of Christopher Culkin and Patricia Brentrup . His parents were together for 21 years from 1974-1995, but never married.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7734758257865906, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "On the set of Home Alone (1990), Culkin would jokingly direct the film for Chris Columbus .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.690616488456726, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "[on his new sitcom deal with NBC]: With Friends (1994) biting the dust, the time could now be right for my show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14146900177002, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "I just remember the exact point when I was growing a little more tired, during The Good Son (1993). I had already done one or two things that year, and I just said to Kit, \"Listen, I'm really getting tired and I'm not at school as much as I'd like to be. I really need some time off\". He said, \"Yeah, sure\" and the next thing I knew I was on the next set doing the next thing and it just kind of clicked in my brain: \"Okay. There's basically nothing I can do to make this stop\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352500915527344, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "O'Hara married production designer Bo Welch in 1992 and the couple have two sons together, Matthew (21) and Luke (18).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.871441841125488, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Despite having acted in a multitude of other roles, Devin's days as Buzz are still fresh on people's minds. In a 2009 interview with Starpulse , the actor said he gets recognized \"all the time\" by Home Alone fans. \"People don't believe it a lot of times...So I go through a lot of, 'Yeah it's me\" and then, \"Oh, you're lying, shut up,\" and then I say \"Okay, I don't really want to get into an existential argument over who I am really when I'm still searching myself.' But they always have these shocked, positive expressions or reactions. They really can't believe that it's this character that they grew up with. It's a mind trip for most people.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.419090747833252, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "PHOTOS: The most awesome things from the '90s", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479759216308594, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Michael Maronna (Jeff McCallister, Kevin's other older brother): While not as bad as Buzz, Michael's character wasn't exactly sweet to Kevin. This redheaded child star fared well IRL, though—he went on to play Big Pete  on The Adventures of Pete & Pete from 1992 to 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.087692260742188, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Hillary Wolf (Megan McCallister, Kevin's older sister):Two years after Home Alone hit theaters, Hillary starred in the 1992 movie Big Girls Don't Cry...They Get Even. The same year, she reprised her rose as Megan in Home Alone 2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3094401359558105, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "After that, though, Hillary seemingly got over the whole acting thing. She was still quite the accomplished young lady, though, going on to represent the United States in Judo at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1039457321167, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "NEWS: 41 things all '90s kids grew up believing", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373607635498047, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Angela Goethals (Linnie McCallister, Kevin's other older sister): Angela continued along the child star path after Home Alone, landing a handful of small roles including one in 1996's Jerry Maguire. After high school, though, the New York City native took a break from acting and earned a degree in French from Vassar .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.295980930328369, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Gerry Bamman (Uncle Frank, Kevin's uncle): Uncle Frank has been steadily employed since his Home Alone days. He scored a small part in 1992's The Bodyguard as well as in 2003's Runaway Jury. Gerry's other credits include a recurring role on Law & Order and appearances on Damages, The Good Wife and The Following.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.140881061553955, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Daniel Stern (Marv Merchants, Bumbling Burglar): From 1988 to 1993, Daniel narrated The Wonder Years, and from 1999 to 2000, he provided the main voice for Dilbert, the animated TV series. His other credits include Danny, Regular Joe, Monk, House of Lies and Manhattan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.496305465698242, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Daniel and wife Laure Mattos have three grown children: Sophie, Marie and Henry. In 1999, the spouses founded the Malibu Foundation for Youth and Families, which created The Malibu Boys and Girls Club. He's worked with the California PTA as well as with organizations supporting U.S. troops. In 2009, Daniel and his wife were recognized for their volunteerism by President Barack Obama with a \"President's Call to Service Award.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.033775329589844, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Joe Pesci (Harry Lime, Bumbling Burglar No. 2): Goodfellas hit theaters just two months before the release of Home Alone. After the success of both films, Joe went on to star in 1992's My Cousin Vinny and 1995's Casino. He took on multiple tough-guy roles up through 1998, at which point he took a step back from his screen career to focus on his music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8014047145843506, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Roberts Blossom (Old Man Marley, Kevin's neighbor): After a long career on screen and stage, the character actor retired in the late '90s and, per SFGate.com , spent the remainder of his years in Berkeley, Calif., writing poetry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8263773918151855, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone Turns 25: Where Are Macaulay Culkin and His Co ..." }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Now: In addition to reprising his role in ‘Home Alone 2′, Pesci went on to star in ‘My Cousin Vinny’ and the ‘Lethal Weapon’ series. He retired from acting in the late ’90s, but came out of retirement in 2006 to land a role in the Robert Deniro film ‘The Good Sheperd,’ and later in 2010’s ‘Love Ranch’ with Helen Mirren. In 2011, he played himself in a Snickers commercial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4191646575927734, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Now: Despite a troubling personal life (Heard was arrested twice in the ’90s; once for third-degree assault against his ex-girlfriend, and he was later found guilty for trespassing at her home), Heard’s acting career was successful during this decade. He has worked steadily since — though his parts have gotten smaller — with recurring roles on ‘The Sopranos,’ ‘CSI: Miami’ and ‘Prison Break.’ Heard made waves (get it?) in the sci-fi “so-bad-it’s-good” TV movie, ‘Sharknado’ and appeared on Lifetime’s ‘The Lizzie Borden Chronicles.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.963037490844727, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Now: After landing the starring role in ‘Big Girls Don’t Cry… They Get Even,’ Wolf decided to seriously pursue her passion for judo, which she had been doing since she was a kid. As a double black belt, she went to the Summer Olympics in both 1996 and 2000 and is currently a judo sensai at Wolf Judo , her brother’s judo studio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740102767944336, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Then: Mike Maronna played the other McCallister brother, the redheaded Jeff, who famously tells Kevin, “You’re such a disease.” Maronna was also well-known in the ’90s for playing Big Pete on Nickelodeon’s ‘The Adventures of Pete & Pete.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.982778549194336, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Now: In the late ’90s, Maronna garnered even more recognition with his role as Stuart in Ameritrade commercials. Soon after, he had parts in ‘Slackers’ and ’40 Days and 40 Nights,’ but went on to focus on the production side of TV and film, and has served as an electrician on over 40 television shows and movies, including ‘Sex and the City,’ ‘Men in Black 3′ and ‘Elementary.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.689573287963867, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Now: After ‘Home Alone,’ Goethals got her big break as the main character in the TV show, ‘Phenom,’ which lasted for a year. In 1996, she had a small role in ‘Jerry Maguire,’ but soon left to go to college. After graduating from Vassar in 1999, Goethals got back into the business, with roles in ‘Six Feet Under,’ ‘Without a Trace’ and a small part in the Adam Sandler comedy ‘Spanglish.’ In 2005, she had a recurring role as Maya Driscoll on ’24,’ and is set to appear in ‘B4TM,’ the sequel to horror-comedy  ‘Behind the Mask’ which she also starred in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.393028497695923, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Now: Before retiring from acting in the late ’90s, Blossom also had parts in ‘Doc Hollywood’ with Michael J. Fox and the Leonardo DiCaprio film ‘The Quick and the Dead,’ amongst several roles on television. In addition to his acting, Blossom was also an accomplished poet, and he was the subject of a documentary film about his life, called ‘Full Blossom: The Life of Poet/Actor Roberts Blossom.’ He passed away in 2011, at the age of 87.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.050456047058105, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Then: Ever wondered who played gangster Johnny in the film-within-a-film ‘Angels With Filthy Souls’? Character actor Ralph Foody was responsible for delivering one of the movie’s most famous lines, “Keep the change, ya filthy animal.” (In addition to ‘Home Alone,’ Foody also had small roles in several films in the late ’80s and early ’90s, including the Police Dispatcher in ‘The Blues Brothers.’)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.966294765472412, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Now: Foody reprised his role as Johnny in ‘Angels With Filthier Souls’ in ‘Home Alone 2.’ It was his last role before he died in 1999 at the age of 71.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.3027215003967285, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Now: Post-‘Home Alone,’ Candy continued to act in major films, and had just finished filming the last scene of the western parody ‘Wagons East’ when he died suddenly of a heart attack in 1994.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.129899978637695, "source": "search", "title": "Then + Now: The Cast of 'Home Alone' - PopCrush" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "Home Alone (1990) - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.885969161987305, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone (1990) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.544742584228516, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone (1990) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Nine", "passage": "Alex Pruitt, a young boy of nine living in Chicago, fend off thieves who seek a top-secret chip in his toy car to support a North Korean terrorist organization's next deed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.329511642456055, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone (1990) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "In the 1940s, a young boy named Ralphie attempts to convince his parents, his teacher, and Santa that a Red Ryder B.B. gun really is the perfect Christmas gift.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.098390579223633, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone (1990) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "16 November 1990 (USA) See more  »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370365142822266, "source": "search", "title": "Home Alone (1990) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "9", "passage": "17 December 2015, 9:10 pm EST By Jan Dizon Tech Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306674003601074, "source": "search", "title": "Macaulay Culkin Reprises His 'Home Alone' Role In YouTube ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Paul Michael Glaser (left) in the Fiddler on the Roof movie (Photo: Sunday Mail)", "precise_score": 2.4315526485443115, "rough_score": 0.6270785927772522, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser: Starsky and Hutch star at peace now ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Paul Michael Glaser has swapped the streets of California and his bell bottoms for an old milk cart in early 20th-century Tsarist Russia as he prepares to star in Fiddler on the Roof", "precise_score": 3.2645316123962402, "rough_score": 5.152897834777832, "source": "search", "title": "When I was Starsky, women were all over me. Now I'm happy ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul Michael Glaser unrecognisable as he prepares for latest role in Fiddler On The Roof | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": 4.189194679260254, "rough_score": 2.619656801223755, "source": "search", "title": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul Michael Glaser unrecognisable as he prepares for latest role in Fiddler On The Roof", "precise_score": 4.5522942543029785, "rough_score": 3.134950637817383, "source": "search", "title": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Sex symbol: Paul Michael Glaser as David Starsky in 1976, left; and right as he appeared yesterday as he arrived at rehearsals in Southampton for a touring production of the musical Fiddler On The Roof", "precise_score": 5.77023983001709, "rough_score": 7.128884315490723, "source": "search", "title": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "After appearing in several Broadway productions, Glaser appeared in his first feature film in 1971, playing Perchik in the film version of Fiddler on the Roof. He first gained notice on television playing Dr. Peter Chernak on the daytime series Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, and made guest appearances on shows such as The Waltons, The Streets of San Francisco and The Rockford Files, but found fame playing Detective David Starsky opposite David Soul in the television show Starsky and Hutch, of which he directed several episodes. It ran for four seasons (1975–1979) on ABC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3177921772003174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser" }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "After the series, Glaser continued to act on television and in films, and directed the 1987 movie The Running Man starring Arnold Schwarzenegger as well as the 1992 movie The Cutting Edge. He also directed episodes of several well-known TV series, including Miami Vice, Robbery Homicide Division and Judging Amy. Glaser returned to the big screen in 2003 in Something's Gotta Give, as Diane Keaton's ex-husband, and with a brief cameo in the 2004 film version of Starsky & Hutch, where his old role was reprised by Ben Stiller. He also directed the children's film Kazaam starring Shaquille O'Neal. On November 30, 2007, Glaser starred as Captain Hook in a pantomime version of Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up at the Churchill Theatre in Bromley, Kent, England. He took the lead role in the 2008 pantomime season at Sunderland's Empire Theatre. He guest starred in an episode of CBS's The Mentalist on October 1, 2009 titled \"The Scarlet Letter\". In 2013, Glaser revisited Fiddler on the Roof in a UK stage production on national tour, this time playing the lead character Tevye.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.306967735290527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser" }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Paul Michael Glaser and a rehearsal for his latest version of Fiddler on the Roof (Photo: Pamela Raith)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4592968225479126, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser: Starsky and Hutch star at peace now ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "But Paul, now 70, is actually heading to a rehearsal studio in West London to prepare for the lead role in a new stage production of musical Fiddler on the Roof – hence the beard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.718679428100586, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser: Starsky and Hutch star at peace now ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "He will begin a seven-month UK tour of Fiddler on the Roof, directed and ­choreographed by Strictly judge Craig Revel Horwood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.024052619934082, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser: Starsky and Hutch star at peace now ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Fiddler on the Roof tour starts Sept 5. Venues: fiddlerontheroof.co.uk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337401390075684, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser: Starsky and Hutch star at peace now ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "He is in a rehearsal studio in West London for a stage production of Fiddler On The Roof — one of the most successful musicals of all time with such memorable songs as If I Were A Rich Man and Tradition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.496809005737305, "source": "search", "title": "When I was Starsky, women were all over me. Now I'm happy ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "The Fiddler On The Roof UK tour starts on September 5. For venues, visit fiddlerontheroof.co.uk", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.315164566040039, "source": "search", "title": "When I was Starsky, women were all over me. Now I'm happy ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Before he had ever slid over the car bonnet of a red Ford Gran Torino, Glaser played Perchik in the 1971 Oscar-winning film of the musical Fiddler on the Roof.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.924959659576416, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser’s delight at ‘best musical ever ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Come in Zebra 3, one of the icons of 1970s TV is in Belfast as the star of Fiddler on the Roof.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.564202308654785, "source": "search", "title": "Starsky and Hutch star Paul Michael Glaser in Belfast role ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "His feature film debut was in the classic film Fiddler on the Roof (1971), portraying Perchik.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.631183624267578, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Mayflower theatre, Southampton, UK. Fiddler on the Roof. [September 2013]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203421592712402, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Michael Glaser - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Actor plays lead in Fiddler On The Roof, which is to tour 21 venues", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.928115844726562, "source": "search", "title": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Now 70, he is in Britain preparing for his latest role in a touring production of the musical Fiddler on the Roof.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.307778358459473, "source": "search", "title": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "In Fiddler on the Roof, he plays the role of Tevye. The production, directed by Strictly Come Dancing judge Craig Revel Horwood, is touring 21 regional venues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.748923301696777, "source": "search", "title": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul ..." }, { "answer": "Fiddler on the Roof", "passage": "Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock and book by Joseph Stein, set in Tsarist Russia in 1905.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.11627197265625, "source": "search", "title": "Hidden behind a beard... it's Starsky at 70: Actor Paul ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "In 1981, Private Benjamin was made into an Emmy and Golden Globe–winning television series of the same name that ran until 1983. It starred Lorna Patterson, Eileen Brennan, Hal Williams, Lisa Raggio, Wendie Jo Sperber and Joel Brooks. Brennan and Williams reprised their roles, that of Captain Doreen Lewis and Sergeant L.C. Ross, from the film for the television series.", "precise_score": 4.893031120300293, "rough_score": 4.592655181884766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Private Benjamin (1980 film)" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Eileen Brennan as Capt. Doreen Lewis in \"Private Benjamin.\" Credit Warner Brothers Pictures, via Associated Press", "precise_score": 3.4453086853027344, "rough_score": 5.06104850769043, "source": "search", "title": "Eileen Brennan, Stalwart of Film and Stage, Dies at 80 ..." }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Eileen Brennan as \"Captain Doreen Lewis\" in PRIVATE BENJAMIN - YouTube", "precise_score": 4.822877883911133, "rough_score": 7.014048099517822, "source": "search", "title": "Eileen Brennan as \"Captain Doreen Lewis\" in PRIVATE ..." }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Eileen Brennan as \"Captain Doreen Lewis\" in PRIVATE BENJAMIN", "precise_score": 5.379217624664307, "rough_score": 7.156137466430664, "source": "search", "title": "Eileen Brennan as \"Captain Doreen Lewis\" in PRIVATE ..." }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Army regulations and the continuing disapproval of Captain Lewis (Eileen Brennan) frustrate her, but when Judy's parents arrive at Fort Biloxi to take her home, she decides to stay and finish basic training, which she does with distinction after a wargames exercise. Upon completion of basic training, Judy meets Henri Tremont (Armand Assante), a dashing French doctor, who is in Biloxi for a medical conference. They separate after a brief romance, Henri returns to Paris and Judy enters training for the Thornbirds, an elite paratrooper unit after basic training. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.975000381469727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Private Benjamin (1980 film)" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "She quickly finds that she was chosen because the unit's commander finds her attractive; he attempts to sexually assault her. When she refuses, he attempts to have her transferred as far away from Biloxi as possible. Rather than accept what she sees as an undesirable post in Greenland or Guam, she negotiates an assignment to SHAPE in Belgium, and meets up with Henri again on a visit to Paris. He proposes marriage and she accepts, but when Capt. Lewis discovers that Tremont is a communist, Judy is forced to choose either her Army career or love.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.251209259033203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Private Benjamin (1980 film)" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "* Eileen Brennan as Captain Doreen Lewis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004549980163574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Private Benjamin (1980 film)" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Ms. Brennan played Capt. Doreen Lewis, the slow-burning commanding officer of a pampered, privileged young woman who joins the Army and finds that she isn’t anybody’s little princess anymore. The performance brought Ms. Brennan an Academy Award nomination for best supporting actress. She reprised the role in 1981 in a CBS sitcom based on the film, with Lorna Patterson in the Goldie Hawn role. The TV performance brought Ms. Brennan the Emmy Award for best supporting actress in a comedy, variety or music series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376681327819824, "source": "search", "title": "Eileen Brennan, Stalwart of Film and Stage, Dies at 80 ..." }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Devastated when her brand-new husband (Albert Brooks) drops dead on their wedding night, Jewish American princess Judy Benjamin (Goldie Hawn) is receptive to the pitch delivered by a duplicitous recruiter for the Women's Army Corps. Quickly adivsed by topkick Captain Lewis (Eileen Brennan) that she should not look forward to the private room, fancy clothes and sauna bath that she'd been promised, Judy is forced to go through basic training like any other \"grunt\". This turns out to be a real growth experience for the pampered Private Benjamin, who for the first time in her life has to work for her privileges. A brief misadventure with a lascivious paratroop officer (Robert Webber) nearly sours Judy on army life, but she turns out to be a darned good soldier-and a woman with a highly developed sense of self-esteem, which enables her to weather a further disappointing romantic fling with French phsycian Henri Tremont (Armand Assante). Private Benjamin turned out to be one of Goldie Hawn's most profitable vehicles. The 1981-82 TV sitcom spinoff starred Lorna Patterson in Goldie's role, with Eileen Brennan repeating her film characterization of the long-suffering Captain Lewis. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.704935312271118, "source": "search", "title": "Private Benjamin (1980) - Rotten Tomatoes" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Oscar nominated actress Eileen Brennan passed away today at the age of 80, she is the only actor to be nominated for and Oscar and Emmy for playing the same role as Captain Lewis in the Film and TV versions of \"Private Benjamin\".. she was also memorable in the films \"Clue\", \"Murder By Death\", \"The Last Picture Show\", \"The Sting\" \"The Cheap Detective\", \"At Long Last Love\", \"FM\", and \"Jeepers Creepers\" and the TV Shows \"Taxi\", \"Blossom\", Seventh Heavan\" and \"Will & Grace\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2246594429016113, "source": "search", "title": "Eileen Brennan as \"Captain Doreen Lewis\" in PRIVATE ..." }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Eileen Brennan, Captain Doreen Lewis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.855335235595703, "source": "search", "title": "See the Cast of 'Private Benjamin' Then and Now" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Then: Eileen Brennan played Captain Doreen Lewis, Judy's superior who disapproves of the wide-eyed newcomer and makes life much tougher for her. Brennan had previously appeared on 'Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In' with Hawn, and was also known for roles in films like 'The Sting' and 'Murder by Death.'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.84183120727539, "source": "search", "title": "See the Cast of 'Private Benjamin' Then and Now" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Now: Brennan reprised the role of Doreen Lewis for the short-lived 'Private Benjamin' TV series and starred in films like 'The Funny Farm,' 'Clue' and 'Stella.' Over the years, she guest starred on several shows, including 'ER,' 'Home Improvement' and 'Will & Grace,' and had a recurring role on '7th Heaven.' In her later years, she appeared in the films 'Jeepers Creepers' and 'Miss Congeniality 2.' Brennan sadly passed away in 2013 at the age of 80.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.062426567077637, "source": "search", "title": "See the Cast of 'Private Benjamin' Then and Now" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "She confessed to preferring unsympathetic roles, such as her character in Private Benjamin, Captain Doreen Lewis. “You know why?” she said. “Because they have no sense of humour. People who are mean or unkind or rigid cannot laugh at themselves. If we can’t laugh at ourselves and the human condition, we’re going to be mean.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.823331356048584, "source": "search", "title": "Eileen Brennan: Actress best known as the sandpaper-voiced ..." }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "After the \"war games\", the women are back at their barracks and had been dancing to \"We Are Family\" and Captain Lewis comes in to address them wearing an off-white Australian-style \"bush hat.\" On it, an improper eagle device, that of an enlisted woman, was clearly shown. Those of an officer do not have the circular brass base but are the more impressive large-eagle emblem of an officer. See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.683300495147705, "source": "search", "title": "Private Benjamin (1980) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Things in this country must be returning to what President Warren G. Harding called normalcy. ''Private Benjamin,'' which opens today at the Sutton and Forum Theaters, is the kind of service comedy that fell into disrepute during the Vietnam War, but which, before that, had been a staple in almost any year's release schedule. Everybody made them - Laurel and Hardy, Abbott and Costello, Martin and Lewis, Bob Hope, Chaplin, Keaton, even Cary Grant, who starred in Howard Hawks's classic ''I Was a Male War Bride.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.397484302520752, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - GOLDIE HAWN AS 'PRIVATE BENJAMIN ..." }, { "answer": "Lewis", "passage": "Capt. Doreen Lewis . . . . . Eileen Brennan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.888072967529297, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - GOLDIE HAWN AS 'PRIVATE BENJAMIN ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "39", "passage": "The film earned Madonna a Guinness World Record title, \"Most costume changes in a film\". In Evita, Madonna changes costumes 85 times (which included 39 hats, 45 pairs of shoes, and 56 pairs of earrings). The record was previously held by Elizabeth Taylor for the 1963 film Cleopatra (65 costume changes).", "precise_score": 7.779847145080566, "rough_score": 6.514546871185303, "source": "wiki", "title": "Evita (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "39", "passage": "The song lyrics in Don’t Cry For Me Argentina are openly critical of Eva and her penchant for designer clothes and jewellery with lyrics such as: “All you will see is a girl you once knew. Although she’s dressed up to the nines. At sixes and sevens with you.” Parker’s production is extremely lavish with Madonna holding the record for the most costume changes in a movie – an estimated 85 times (including 39 hats, 45 pairs of shoes and 56 pairs of earrings).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1911046504974365, "source": "search", "title": "Don't Cry For Me Argentina: Eva Perón graffiti | BA Street Art" }, { "answer": "39", "passage": "reply 39", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261688232421875, "source": "search", "title": "Evita: The Movie - the DataLounge" }, { "answer": "39", "passage": "Penny Rose’s costume department, with a staff of 72 in three different countries, had fitted 40,000 extras in period dress. Over 5500 costumes were used from 20 different costume houses in London, Rome, Paris, New York, Lost Angeles, San Francisco, Buenos Aires, and Budapest, including over 1,000 military uniforms. Madonna’s wardrobe alone consisted of 85 changes, 39 hats, 45 pairs of shoes, 56 pairs of earrings and as many different hair designs. Almost all of there were handmade in London. Brian Morris’s art department created 320 different sets involving 24,000 different items of props. And so I could go on. I quote these statistics not only to point out the enormity of the task of making a film this size, but to speak up for the scale and effort of the crew involved and to point out that there is still a film industry that doesn’t squander money on stupidity, indecision, excess, hubris and Cuban cigars.  In that, wonderful work fuelled by the imagination, professionalism and passion of film technicians who don’t even blink at a 100-hour working week, far from home, frankly, adds up to the movie we have made.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.363395690917969, "source": "search", "title": "EVITA - Alan Parker - Director, Writer, Producer ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Smiles of a Summer Night", "passage": "A LITTLE NIGHT MUSIC, directed by Harold Prince; screenplay by Hugh Wheeler, based on his book for the musical play suggested by Ingmar Bergman's \"Smiles of a Summer Night\"; music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim; executive producer, Heinz Lazek; produced by Elliott Kastner; edited by John Jympson; director of photography, Arthur Ibretson; distributed by New World Pictures. Running time: 124 minutes. At the Columbia 1 Theater, Second Avenue at 61th Street. This film has been rated PG.", "precise_score": 5.814366817474365, "rough_score": 7.30109977722168, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Film: 'A Little Night Music':Bergman ..." }, { "answer": "Smiles of a Summer Night", "passage": "A Little Night Music is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. Inspired by the Ingmar Bergman film Smiles of a Summer Night, it involves the romantic lives of several couples. Its title is a literal English translation of the German name for Mozart's Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major, Eine kleine Nachtmusik. The musical includes the popular song \"Send in the Clowns\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.054400444030762, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Little Night Music" }, { "answer": "Smiles of a Summer Night", "passage": "INGMAR BERGMAN'S \"Smiles of a Summer Night\" is, next to his film version of \"The Magic Flute,\" the most charming, most buoyant movie he's ever made. \"A Little Night Music,\" the Broadway musical adaptation of the Bergman film, directed by Harold Prince, with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim at his best, sent one out of the theater feeling in top form.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.275188446044922, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - Film: 'A Little Night Music':Bergman ..." }, { "answer": "Sommarnattens leende", "passage": "Ingmar Bergman (suggested by: a film by \"Sommarnattens leende\"), Hugh Wheeler (screenplay)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.73537826538086, "source": "search", "title": "A Little Night Music (1977) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Smiles of a Summer Night", "passage": "Stephen Sondheim's shimmering musical (based on Ingmar Bergman's Smiles of a Summer Night) transfers from the Broadway stage to the silver screen with a who's-who cast along for the ride. Elizabeth Taylor, Len Cariou and Lesley-Anne Down star in this languid idyll about an upper-class Swedish family that has more than a few skeletons in its closet. The film (which features the classic \"Send in the Clowns\") won an Oscar for Best Adapted Score.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.515178680419922, "source": "search", "title": "A Little Night Music for Rent on DVD - DVD Netflix" } ]

[ { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "Porky's is a 1981 Canadian-American sex comedy film, written and directed by Bob Clark about the escapades of teenagers at the fictional Angel Beach High School in Florida in 1954. Released in the United States in 1982 with an R rating, the film spawned three sequels: Porky's II: The Next Day (1983), Porky's Revenge! (1985), and Pimpin' Pee Wee (2009), and influenced many writers in the teen film genre.", "precise_score": 6.063974380493164, "rough_score": 5.6995015144348145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Porky's" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "As graduation nears for the class of 1955 at Angel Beach High, the gang once again faces off against their old enemy, Porky, who wants them to throw the school's championship basketball game because he's betting on the opposing team.", "precise_score": 3.8694705963134766, "rough_score": 3.3388326168060303, "source": "search", "title": "Porky's (1981) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "As graduation nears for the class of 1955 at Angel Beach High, the gang once again faces off against their old enemy, Porky, who wants them to throw the school's championship basketball game because he's betting on the opposing team.", "precise_score": 3.8694705963134766, "rough_score": 3.3388326168060303, "source": "search", "title": "Porky's II: The Next Day (1983) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "After dealing to Porky the \"fatal\" blow that was coming to him, the gang from Angel Beach is ready for a new challenge: The High School Drama Club is producing a Shakespeare Festival in which the gang is participating. Unfortunately, a religious leader named Bubba Flavel wants to halt the production because he and his group, \"The Righteous Flock,\" maintain that Shakespeare is indecent and profane. As part of their effort to keep their school-based Shakespeare production on track, the gang from Angel Beach seeks out the help of Seward County Commissioner Gebhardt, who initially promises the gang from Angel Beach that he will pull some strings to keep the Angel Beach High Shakespeare Festival running. However, after the county commissioners, who all will shortly be standing for re-election, vote unanimously to shut down the Shakespeare Festival, the gang quickly learns that Commissioner Gebhardt has reneged on his promises to the Angel Beach gang because he feared that allowing the Shakespeare Festival to proceed would harm his re-election chances. The local Ku Klux Klan chapter joins the movement to shut down the Shakespeare festival because its members object to an American Indian (Runningfox's Seminole character) playing Romeo opposite a white girl Juliet (Wendy). Flavel, who has previously exposed his bigoted nature, welcomes the Klan's support of his movement. The Angel Beach gang then begins plotting their retaliation and revenge against Flavel, Commissioner Gebhardt, the rest of the county commissioners, and the Klan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4531868696212769, "source": "wiki", "title": "Porky's II: The Next Day" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "The teens discover that the county commissioners, who are publicly riding the political wave of decency and morality, enjoy secretly watching pornographic movies in the basement of the courthouse. So, the Angel Beach gang takes a tape recorder with a microphone to the basement of the courthouse while the county commissioners are watching pornographic movies, aim the microphone at the ventilator window, and record the politicos' loud and crude commentary on the events in the porno films, including their irreverent mocking of Flavel (And the fact that Flavel provided some of the pornography).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472969055175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Porky's II: The Next Day" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "After his success in shutting down the Angel Beach High Shakespeare Festival, Flavel convenes an outdoor revival meeting at Angel Beach High to commemorate his success, and the county commissioners attend and stand on stage with Flavel. In retaliation for an attack and attempt by the Klan members to shave the head of the group's Seminole friend, the gang lures the Klan members (who are on their way to Flavel's revival meeting) into the school gym where the gang along with a gym-ful of Seminole Indians \"persuade\" the Klan members to submit to having their heads shaved. The Angel Beach gang and the Seminole Indians then make the Klan members strip naked and march over to Flavel's revival meeting where they force the hapless and humiliated Klan members into the revival meeting. The sight of naked men shocks the crowd, and in his typical opportunistic fashion, Flavel decries the naked Klan members as being \"The Spawn of Satan.\" During Flavel's prognostications, the gang commandeers the public address system and plays the recording of the county commissioners' raucous commentary on the pornographic movie that they watched in the basement of the courthouse only days before. A comment on the recording about Flavel having donated the pornographic film that the county commissioners were watching ends up being Flavel's undoing as he and the county commissioners stand before the crowd completely discredited, disgraced, and exposed as selfish hypocrites.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.739627838134766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Porky's II: The Next Day" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "Meanwhile, Wendy accepts an out-of-town dinner date in Miami with Commissioner Gebhardt, who intends to seduce her. However, rather than showing up in her normal modest clothing, Wendy shows up at the formal restaurant wearing a deliberately showy, vulgar outfit with her breasts artificially padded with a container to an enormous size. She speaks in an extremely loud voice, constantly blurting out Gebhardt's name and status as a county commissioner of Seward County who will shortly be standing for re-election and alleging that she and Gebhardt became involved while she was a Brownie in Gebhardt wife's girl scout troop and that she is now pregnant with his child. With the help of liquefied corn-and-pea soup concealed in the container that padded her bust, Wendy pretends to throw up in one of the restaurant's decorative fountains to the horror of the maître d' (who had earlier alluded to previous \"dates\" Gebhardt had enjoyed at this establishment) and the disgust of the restaurant's upscale patrons. Pee-Wee snaps a picture of the disgraced Commissioner Gebhardt (with an encouraging, \"Smile and say, 'I'm Ruined!'\") before he, Wendy, and Steve depart in a blaze of glory back to the rally at Angel Beach High to join the triumphant celebration of the defeat of the persons responsible for the cancellation of their Shakespeare Festival, which is promptly reinstated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.871419906616211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Porky's II: The Next Day" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "The naughty high schoolers of Angel Beach High now seek revenge on a group of KKK religious fanatics and corrupt politicians who want to shut down their Shakespeare production after they cast a Seminole transfer student in the lead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.609062194824219, "source": "search", "title": "Porky's (1981) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "1954. The sexual hijinks of a group of mid-teen male students of Angel Beach High School in Florida are presented. Their main goal is to lose their collective virginity. In the process, they embark on games of sexual innuendo with their female classmates, as witnessed by the activities of Billy, Tommy and Pee Wee in their secret surveillance. Pee Wee is the most desperate, that desperation which gets him into one predicament after another, especially as he is the butt of many a prank. A side issue for Tim, basically a good guy, is dealing with his learned racism, which comes to the surface with the arrival to their school of new student, Jewish Brian Schwartz. The sexual pursuits at the school are not limited to the student body as new boys Phys Ed coach, Roy Brackett, has a mutual attraction with cheer-leading coach, Miss Lynn Honeywell, who doesn't want to go all the way; Coach Brackett's goal is to find out why Coach Warren has nicknamed Miss Honeywell \"Lassie\". All these goings-on... Written by Huggo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.573153495788574, "source": "search", "title": "Porky's (1981) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "Just in time to rescue the summer in the name of unpretentious, un-self-conscious, foul-mouthed fun, the gang from Angel Beach High turned up yesterday at the Criterion Center and a host of other theaters in ''Porky's II: The Next Day.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.1661670058965683, "source": "search", "title": "'PORKY'S II,' MORE HIGH SCHOOL HIJINKS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "Gone are the loutish roadhouse owner Porky and his corrupt sheriff brother, who - to their ultimate regret - cheated and bedeviled the boys from Angel Beach High in last summer's popular ''Porky's.'' In their place are a set of timeless targets, as worthy of battle in the more liberal and liberated 1980's as they were in the 50's: religious hypocrites seeking to repress great literature, the Ku Klux Klan and spineless, double-dealing politicians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.118074893951416, "source": "search", "title": "'PORKY'S II,' MORE HIGH SCHOOL HIJINKS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "So, amid references to such icons of the 50's as Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield and Ava Gardner, and to music by Chuck Berry, the McGuire Sisters, the Fontaine Sisters and Bill Haley and the Comets, the Angel Beach gang from Flordia sallies forth once more to do battle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306461334228516, "source": "search", "title": "'PORKY'S II,' MORE HIGH SCHOOL HIJINKS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "I know that the gym scenes and, the secret entrance as well as the courtyard scene were filmed at Fienberg Fisher Elementary School in what is now known as South Beach. I was not only in elementary school there at the time but my uncle, David Silk was the principal. My mom remembers picking me up from school and seeing the old 50's cars used for the movie parked in our school field. I still have the crew shirt that was given to my uncle which is actually a Porky's The Next Day shirt with Angel Beach High Drama Club on the back. I believe that the gym was used by the high school not too far away as well as the by us. I always thought it was called Miami Beach Senior High. [Thanks to Jill Barefoot]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.27352747321128845, "source": "search", "title": "Porky's Movie Filming Locations - The 80s Movies Rewind" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "The naughty high schoolers of Angel Beach High now seek revenge on a group of KKK religious fanatics and corrupt politicians who want to shut down their Shakespeare production after they cast a Seminole transfer student in the lead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.609062194824219, "source": "search", "title": "Porky's II: The Next Day (1983) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Angel Beach", "passage": "When the students of Angel Beach High decide to stage \"An Evening With Shakespeare,\" their efforts are threatened by Miss Balbricker, who views the works of Shakespeare as obscene. She enlists the help of Reverend Bubba Flavel, a religious fanatic who brings along his flock of followers to pressure the school into shutting down the production. When they succeed with the help of corrupt city officials seeking re-election, the gang don't get mad... they get even! Written by Phil Fernando", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.543118476867676, "source": "search", "title": "Porky's II: The Next Day (1983) - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Woody Allen", "passage": "Louise Lasser (born April 11, 1939) is an American actress and television writer. She is known for her portrayal of the title character on the soap opera satire Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. She was married to Woody Allen and appeared in several of his early films.", "precise_score": 3.252420425415039, "rough_score": 4.175263404846191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louise Lasser" }, { "answer": "Woody Allen", "passage": "Lasser was the understudy for Barbra Streisand in the Broadway musical I Can Get It for You Wholesale. She also appeared on the soap opera The Doctors and television commercials. She appeared in the Woody Allen films Take the Money and Run (1969), Bananas (1971), and Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask) (1972), as well as being one of the voices for his earlier spoof dubbing of a Japanese spy movie, What's Up Tiger Lily? (1966). She also appeared in comedies such as Such Good Friends (1971) and Slither (1973). In 1973, she appeared in the episode \"The Roller Coaster Stops Here\" of the NBC romantic anthology television series Love Story.", "precise_score": 1.9972445964813232, "rough_score": 1.0439573526382446, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louise Lasser" }, { "answer": "Woody Allen", "passage": "Lasser was born in New York City, the daughter of Paula and S. Jay Lasser, a tax expert. Her family is Jewish. She studied political science at Brandeis University. She was married to Woody Allen from 1966 to 1970. She lives in Manhattan and teaches acting technique at HB Studio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6952747106552124, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louise Lasser" }, { "answer": "Woody Allen", "passage": "Lasser became a household name for starring as the neurotic, unhappy housewife Mary Hartman in the serialized satire Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman appearing on the covers of Newsweek, People Magazine, and Rolling Stone during the run of the show. Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman aired five nights a week for two seasons from 1976-1977. In his autobiography, producer Norman Lear says that the casting of Lasser took less than a minute after Charles H. Joffe told him there was only one actress to play the part of Mary Hartman and Lear met the former Mrs. Woody Allen. Lasser refused the role at first. Of the casting process, Lear says, \"when she read a bit of the script for me, I all but cried for joy ... Louise brought with her the persona that fit Mary Hartman like a corset.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.221640586853027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louise Lasser" }, { "answer": "Woody Allen", "passage": "What's Up, Tiger Lily? is a 1966 comedy film directed by Woody Allen in his feature-length directorial debut.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.306632995605469, "source": "wiki", "title": "What's Up, Tiger Lily?" }, { "answer": "Woody Allen", "passage": "* Woody Allen as Himself / Dub Voice / Projectionist ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.312085151672363, "source": "wiki", "title": "What's Up, Tiger Lily?" } ]

[ { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "Dustin Hoffman plays Michael Dorsey. He seems to know everything about acting except how to stay employed as an actor. In an early montage we see him auditioning for numerous plays where he is either too old, too young, too short, simply not the right guy for the part, or in some cases impossible to work with. We also see him trying to teach his craft to some young wannabe actors, and working at a restaurant to pay the bills. After a hilarious argument with his agent, he is simply told \"No one will hire you!\" The very next shot has Hoffman in drag walking down the street to an audition for a soap opera part his friend (Terri Garr) was unable to land. So intent is the chauvinistic director (Coleman) on casting a woman that looks tough enough for the part of a hospital administrator, Hoffman is denied without so much as a reading. He responds with a hilarious tirade that opens the door to his television career. Hoffman lands the part, and is soon winning over fans all over the country.", "precise_score": -11.092428207397461, "rough_score": -6.396762371063232, "source": "search", "title": "Tootsie Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "The storyline is a hot tempered and highly opinionated out-of-work actor(Dustin Hoffman) is told by his agent (Sydney Pollack) in all kindness that nobody will hire him. He takes it upon himself to dress as a woman just so he is not recognized by those he has p'ed off in the past. From Michael Dorsey to Dorothy Michaels, Hoffman plays a woman with such a justice you forget she's not real. Just like everyone in the movie, you will fall for Tootsie head over heals!", "precise_score": -2.6705172061920166, "rough_score": -3.7449264526367188, "source": "search", "title": "Tootsie Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "At the beginning of Sydney Pollack's rollicking, hip new comedy, Tootsie, Michael Dorsey is at the end of his rope. When Sandy (Teri Garr), an actress friend, is turned down for a role on a television soap opera, Michael decides to prove just how great his talents are.", "precise_score": 0.25018900632858276, "rough_score": 3.3701820373535156, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - TOOTSIE - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "Michael Dorsey (Dustin Hoffman) is a respected but perfectionist actor. Nobody in New York wants to hire him anymore because he is difficult to work with. According to his long-suffering agent George Fields (Sydney Pollack), Michael's attention to detail and difficult reputation led a commercial he worked on to run significantly over-schedule, because the idea of a tomato sitting down was \"illogical\" to him. After many months without a job, Michael hears of an opening on the popular daytime soap opera Southwest General from his friend and acting student Sandy Lester (Teri Garr), who tries out for the role of a hospital administrator Emily Kimberly but does not get it. In desperation, and as a result of his agent telling him that \"no one will hire you\", he dresses as a woman, auditions as \"Dorothy Michaels\" and wins the part. Michael takes the job as a way to raise $8,000 to produce a play, written by his roommate Jeff Slater (Bill Murray) and to star Sandy, titled Return to Love Canal. Michael plays his character as a feisty, feminist administrator, which surprises the other actors and crew who expected Emily to be (as written) another swooning female in the plot. His character quickly becomes a television sensation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.703964233398438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "* Dustin Hoffman as Michael Dorsey / Dorothy Michaels", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45271110534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tootsie" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "Possibly the best gender comedy of all time! Everything in this baby clicks: A script that is both clever, endearing and realistic in its depiction of the emotional transformation within Michael Dorsey, incredible acting performances (with Dustin Hoffman, Terri Garr and unbilled Bill Murray as standouts) and a great soundtrack that adds volumes to the mood of the film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.364222526550293, "source": "search", "title": "Tootsie Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "It's more than a movie about a man in drag and it's more than just a great movie. This movie goes to show that Dustin Hoffman is best at playing the oh-so-very-different characters. Whether it's his unforgettable character in Rainman or Michael Dorsey/Dorthy Michael in this, Dustin is at his best when he plays someone DIFFERENT, someone who is not your average person.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.170215606689453, "source": "search", "title": "Tootsie Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "This is a wonderful film,I can't remember how many times I have seen it,I love it! Dustin Hoffman is brilliant as Michael Dorsey and Dorothy Michaels.Along with Jessica Lange and Teri Garr and fantastic direction from and co-star Sydney Pollack,this couldn't be any better.It's a great story and well scripted and very funny besides.If you love films you can't not love this one.This is my 2nd favourite film in the world only because ''Some Like it Hot'' is my first choice.Dustin is one of the best actors in the business and continues to be to this day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333545684814453, "source": "search", "title": "Tootsie Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "Dustin Hoffman plays Michael Dorsey, an unemployed actor, who can't seem to get along with any director or writer in town. One day, he takes his friend, Sandy to audition for a part in a soap opera. She is turned down, and because he is so desperate for work, he dresses up like a woman, and goes in for the interview himself. He is hired because of his ( I mean, her) defiant attitude, and throughout the rest of the film, he is now known as, Dorothy Michaels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.425115585327148, "source": "search", "title": "Tootsie Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "After twenty years as a mostly unemployed New York actor, Michael Dorsey (Dustin Hoffman) is desperate. He makes ends meet by teaching acting classes and then, in his spare time, auditioning for parts he never gets. Michael's worst problem is that he's \"difficult.\" He insists on providing more subtext for a role than any director wants. He's the sort of actor who, when playing a tomato in a television commercial, angrily refuses to sit down because, as he insists, \"tomatoes don't move.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85902214050293, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - TOOTSIE - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Michael Dorsey", "passage": "An important part of their success is Mr. Hoffman's grand performance as both the edgy, cantankerous Michael Dorsey and the serenely self-assured Dorothy Michaels, the stage name he takes on the soap, a character for whom the unappreciated Michael has obviously created a whole lifetime of subtext.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.857622146606445, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - TOOTSIE - NYTimes.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "The first film in the series had an animated opening sequence, created by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and set to the theme music by Mancini, which featured the Pink Panther character. This character, designed by Hawley Pratt and Friz Freleng, was subsequently the subject of its own series of animated cartoons which gained its highest profile when aired on Saturday mornings as The Pink Panther Show. The character would be featured in the opening of every film in the movie series except A Shot in the Dark and Inspector Clouseau.", "precise_score": 2.521360397338867, "rough_score": 2.8111355304718018, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "François, Dreyfus' assistant, generally observes his boss' interactions with Clouseau (and subsequent emotional breakdowns) with placid bemusement. André Maranne, a French actor, played François in six Panther films. In Son of the Pink Panther, he was replaced by Dermot Crowley. In A Shot in the Dark, Trail of the Pink Panther and Curse of the Pink Panther he is referred to as Sergeant François Duval whereas in the three sequels of the 1970s he is Sergeant François Chevalier. In the 2006 reboot, Philip Goodwin plays a similar character named Renard. Goodwin returned as Renard in the 2009 sequel.", "precise_score": 1.5417503118515015, "rough_score": 4.28089714050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "The first film in the series had an animated opening sequence, created by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and set to the theme music by Henry Mancini , which featured the Pink Panther character . This character, designed by Hawley Pratt , was subsequently the subject of its own series of animated cartoons  – as well as being featured in the opening of every movie in the Pink Panther film series except A Shot in the Dark and Inspector Clouseau .", "precise_score": 2.9496679306030273, "rough_score": 3.4755289554595947, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Some cursory internet research has led me to the unwitting origin of the Pink Panther series through A Shot in the Dark. This film, technically the second in the series, was originally conceived as a straight-up French stage farce, very much like the last film, and was eventually translated into English as A Shot in the Dark. Both plays surrounded a murder mystery, but also involved multiple affairs and the usual door-slamming shtick that is a feature of the genre. Blake Edwards and William Peter Blatty (who would go on to write The Exorcist), were adapting A Shot in the Dark to the big screen when The Pink Panther was becoming a hit. When they saw the potential of the Clouseau character, they rejiggered the screenplay at the last minute, and transformed it into a Clouseau vehicle. A sequel was born, and a franchise began to take hold. Well, maybe.", "precise_score": 4.138778209686279, "rough_score": 3.94144344329834, "source": "search", "title": "The Series Project: The Pink Panther (Part 1) - CraveOnline" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Before we get there, though, let's take a look at the series' attempt at franchising itself in earnest. Remember, A Shot in the Dark wasn't intended to be a Pink Panther film at first, and was almost a sequel merely by default. I guess the first proper movie in the series would be…", "precise_score": 6.080166816711426, "rough_score": 7.698080062866211, "source": "search", "title": "The Series Project: The Pink Panther (Part 1) - CraveOnline" }, { "answer": "Shot in the dark", "passage": "By 1965, the time of the Pink Panther’s first sequel, Shot in the Dark, Mancini’s cool, melodic style had made him a star. He become so popular that when he wasn’t behind a Moviola, he was touring the world as a concert attraction, playing programs that showcased his catalog, from the lushly romantic “Too Little Time” to the suspenseful “Experiment In Terror” to the playful “Baby Elephant Walk.”", "precise_score": 7.395438194274902, "rough_score": 7.775101661682129, "source": "search", "title": "The legendary songwriter, Henry Mancini" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "A Shot in the Dark, a film which was not originally intended to feature Clouseau, is the first of two films in the series (the other being Inspector Clouseau) that features neither the diamond nor the distinctive animated Pink Panther in the opening credits and ending. Many critics, including Leonard Maltin, regard this film as the best in the series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4208197593688965, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Mancini's theme, with variations in arrangement, is used at the start of all but the first two of the subsequent films. Mancini's other themes for the first film include an Italian-language set-piece called Meglio Stasera, whose purpose seems primarily to introduce young actress Fran Jeffries. Portions of an instrumental version also appear in the film's musical score several times. Other segments include \"Shades of Sennett,\" a \"honky tonk\" piano number introducing the film's climactic chase scene through the streets of Rome. Most of the remaining tracks on the soundtrack album are early 1960s orchestral jazz pieces, matching the style of the era. Although variations of the main theme would reprise for many of the Pink Panther series entries, as well as the cartoon series, Mancini composed a different theme for A Shot in the Dark that was later adopted by the animated spin-off series The Inspector.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.905482769012451, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Jacques Clouseau is a clumsy, incompetent, but zealous policeman and detective who speaks English—with a ludicrous French accent—while other characters speak English, often with their own accents. Clouseau's accent is not emphasized in the first film, but from A Shot in the Dark onwards, the exaggerated accent became part of the joke. It has been suggested that portraying the incompetent policeman as French is based on a British stereotype of the French police or even the French population as a whole.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.097807884216309, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "* First Appearance: A Shot in the Dark (1964)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.503142356872559, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Clouseau's superior, Charles Dreyfus, was introduced in A Shot in the Dark, wherein he held the rank of Commissioner. He is constantly driven to distraction by Clouseau's bungling and is eventually driven insane. In The Return of the Pink Panther, Dreyfus holds the rank of Chief Inspector—but again becomes insane by the end of the film—which shows Dreyfus straitjacketed in a padded cell, writing \"Kill Clouseau\" on the wall (with his toes). As in A Shot in the Dark, Dreyfus initially suffers a variety of personal injuries (involving his gun and a cigarette lighter of a similar shape and accidentally cutting off his thumb with a cigar cutter)---before accidentally strangling his therapist while fantasizing Clouseau's death, then trying to assassinate Clouseau with a sniper's rifle. In The Pink Panther Strikes Again, Dreyfus is about to be released from an asylum after a complete recovery; however, within five minutes of Clouseau's arrival to speak to the board on Dreyfus' behalf, he suffers a variety of injuries, causing him to relapse. Thence Dreyfus escapes the asylum and kidnaps a scientist, forcing him to build a disintegrator ray later used to intimidate the rest of the world into attempting to assassinate Clouseau. Dreyfus appears to disintegrate at the end of Strikes Again, but subsequently (and without any explanation) re-appears in Revenge of the Pink Panther and is reinstated Chief Inspector when Clouseau is mistakenly declared dead. Herbert Lom famously gave his character a pronounced tic which occurred under particular stress...and an accompanying childlike giggle when plotting Clouseau's murder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.383338451385498, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "* First Appearance: A Shot in the Dark (1964)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.503142356872559, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Cato (spelled \"Kato\" in A Shot in the Dark) is Clouseau's manservant, and an expert in martial arts. It is unclear whether he believes Clouseau to be a great detective or whether he merely humors him. It is a running joke that he is instructed to attack Clouseau unexpectedly, to keep Clouseau's combat skills and vigilance sharp. Cato often takes these instructions to the point of ambushing Clouseau in his own house or at times when Clouseau obviously would prefer not to be disturbed. If they are interrupted during such an attack (as by a telephone call), Cato ceases to project the image of assailant and becomes a well-disciplined valet. Regardless of who comes off worse in the actual battle (and it is Clouseau who is more often humiliated, since Cato's ambushes usually do take him by surprise) Clouseau always gets his revenge on Cato by dealing him a sucker blow after it seems the fight is over.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303670883178711, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "* In a 1978 episode of the anime series Lupin the Third, titled \"Black Panther\" (American-dub title \"My Birthday Pursuit\"), Lupin attempts to steal the Black Panther diamond as a birthday gift for his girlfriend. Inspector Zenigata is aided by a clearly Clouseau-inspired character, Inspector Conaiseau. Conaiseau is even assisted by a Cato-inspired character, Hageito. Also within the episode, Lupin and Conaiseau both infiltrate a nudist colony, much like Clouseau does in A Shot in the Dark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.265193939208984, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Mancini's other themes for the first film include an Italian-language set-piece called \" Meglio Stasera \" whose purpose seems primarily to introduce young actress Fran Jeffries . Portions of an instrumental version also appear in the film's musical score several times. Other segments include \"Shades of Sennett \", a \" honky tonk \" piano number introducing the film's climactic chase scene through the streets of Rome . Most of the remaining tracks on the soundtrack album are early 1960s orchestral jazz pieces, matching the style of the era. Although variations of the main theme would be reprised for many of the Pink Panther series entries, as well as the cartoon series, Mancini composed a different theme for A Shot in the Dark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9521069526672363, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "A Shot in the Dark, a film which was not originally intended to feature Inspector Clouseau, is the only film in the series (besides Inspector Closeau) that features neither the diamond nor the distinctive animated Pink Panther in the opening credits and ending. Many critics, including Leonard Maltin , regard this film as the best in the series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.023417949676514, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Jacques Clouseau is a bumbling simpleton of a policeman but he is also a brilliant detective. He inexplicably speaks in English with a ludicrous French accent , while other characters speak English, often with their own accents. Clouseau's accent is far less pronounced in the first film; from A Shot in the Dark onwards the exaggerated accent became part of the joke. It has been suggested that portraying the incompetent policeman as French is based on a British stereotype of the French police, or even the French population as a whole.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08588695526123, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "First Appearance: A Shot in the Dark (1964)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.26041030883789, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Clouseau's superior, Charles Dreyfus, was introduced in A Shot in the Dark , where he held the rank of Commissioner. He is constantly driven to distraction by Clouseau's bungling, to the point where he accidentally stabs himself in the chest with a letter-opener, and eventually is driven murderously insane. In The Return of the Pink Panther , Dreyfus has assumed the rank of Chief Inspector, instead of Commissioner. As before, he goes crazy by the end of the film, which ends with Dreyfus straitjacketed in a padded cell writing \"Kill Clouseau\" on the wall with a crayon held between his toes. As in A Shot in the Dark , Dreyfus initially suffers a variety of personal injuries (involving his gun and a cigarette lighter of a similar shape and accidentally cutting off his thumb with a cigar-cutter in the shape of a miniature guillotine ) before accidentally strangling his therapist while fantasizing of Clouseau's death and then trying to assassinate Clouseau with a sniper's rifle. In The Pink Panther Strikes Again , Dreyfus is about to be released from the asylum after making a complete recovery, but within 5 minutes of Clouseau's arriving (to speak to the board on Dreyfus' behalf), he suffers a variety of injuries and relapses back into murderous insanity. Dreyfus breaks out of the insane asylum and kidnaps a scientist, forcing him to build a disintegrator ray ; the device is then used to blackmail the rest of the world into attempting to assassinate Clouseau. Dreyfus appears to disintegrate at the end of Strikes Again; but subsequently, and without any explanation , he can be found in the asylum again at the onsets of Revenge of the Pink Panther and Trail of the Pink Panther , and he is allowed to return to his position as Chief Inspector when Clouseau is missing, presumed dead. Herbert Lom famously gave his character a pronounced tic which occurred when he was under particular stress and an accompanying child-like giggle when plotting Clouseau's murder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.041800498962402, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "First Appearance: A Shot in the Dark (1964)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.26041030883789, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Cato (spelled \"Kato\" in A Shot in the Dark) is Clouseau's house boy, and an expert in martial arts . It is unclear whether he believes Clouseau to be a great detective or whether he merely humors him. It is a running joke that he is instructed to unexpectedly attack Clouseau, to keep Clouseau's combat skills and vigilance sharp. If they are interrupted during such an attack (as by a telephone call), Cato ceases to project the image of assailant and becomes a well- disciplined valet .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39521312713623, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "Cato was based on Kato , the sidekick of the Green Hornet played by Bruce Lee .[citation needed] The credits of A Shot in the Dark even list his name spelled with a \"K\", though it was changed to a \"C\" for all subsequent appearances.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168471336364746, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "In an episode of the anime series Lupin the Third , entitled \"Black Panther\" (American-dub title \"My Birthday Pursuit\"), master criminal and title character Lupin attempts to steal the Black Panther diamond as a birthday gift for his girlfriend/rival Fujiko. Normally, Lupin has to deal with the interfering Inspector Zenigata, but in this episode, Zenigata is aided by a clearly Clouseau-inspired character, Inspector Conaiseau. Conaiseau is even assisted by a Cato-inspired character, Hageito. Also within the episode, Lupin and Conaiseau both infiltrate a nudist colony, much like Clouseau does in A Shot in the Dark. Also, as a note of interest, the Black Panther diamond, when light shines on it at a certain angle, shows within it a black version of the Pink Panther cartoon character. This \"toon\" seems to give the diamond a life of its own, as whenever it is unexpectedly dropped, the diamond appears to run off like a loose panther, with the \"toon\" visible to the audience as it does so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.704348564147949, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "A Shot in the Dark (dir. Blake Edwards, 1964)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125307083129883, "source": "search", "title": "The Series Project: The Pink Panther (Part 1) - CraveOnline" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "This film also introduces the character of Kato (Burt Kwouk), Clouseau's live-in butler. Not only is Kato the butler, but also Clouseau's impromptu sparring partner; Kato attacks Clouseau randomly throughout the day, ensuring that Clouseau is sharp at all times. The sudden fights are often unexpected and usually pretty funny. If you like those oddball chicken fights from “Family Guy,” I would encourage you to watch A Shot in the Dark, and see where that sort of thing came from.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352197647094727, "source": "search", "title": "The Series Project: The Pink Panther (Part 1) - CraveOnline" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "A brief aside on slapstick. The 1960s were, in my estimation, a kind of slapstick renaissance. The first wave of film slapstick came during the 1930s, with the films of The Marx Bros. and the theatrical cartoon shorts of Warner Bros. Groucho and Bugs Bunny were the word of the day. There was slapstick in the 1930s and 1940s (I would never impugn the likes of Don Knotts and Danny Kaye), but it wasn't until the mid 1960s and early 1970s that slapstick humor was to come back in earnest. I think Woody Allen, a Groucho Marx fan, kind of pioneered the renaissance, and physical humor was back in the mainstream. However, the slapstick of the 1960s (as seen in the early Pink Panther movies) was of a slightly different flavor; I get the sense that Woody Allen and Blake Edwards weren't just paying homage to the slapstick of yore, but also kind of gently sending it up. Watch a film like Sleeper sometime, and you'll find that much of the laughter comes not from the direct cheap physical humor, but from the fact that the filmmakers are using cheap physical humor. Essentially, we're looking at ironic slapstick. I think much of films like A Shot in the Dark are comprised of ironic slapstick. The Pink Panther series will eventually become unironic, but that won't be until the fourth film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.319888114929199, "source": "search", "title": "The Series Project: The Pink Panther (Part 1) - CraveOnline" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "The \"based on characters created by\" credit does not list William Peter Blatty , who created Inspector Dreyfus for A Shot in the Dark . See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425193786621094, "source": "search", "title": "The Pink Panther 2 (2009) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "A Shot in the Dark", "passage": "The conceit, as the title would imply, is that Jacques Clouseau, at some point along the line, fathered a son who, as it would appropriately turn out, was just as bumbling as he. Who is the mother? Why Maria Gambrelli (Claudia Cardinale), whom we haven't seen since the original Pink Panther in 1963. Even though Clouseau and Maria never really met in the original Pink Panther, evidently they began carrying on a hot off-screen romance shortly thereafter. Maria became pregnant, and Clouseau perhaps went on to carry on his affair with Elke Sommer in 1964's A Shot in the Dark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2713747024536133, "source": "search", "title": "The Series Project: The Pink Panther (Part 3) - CraveOnline" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley almost missed out on being cast in Jesus Christ Superstar (1973). After inviting director Norman Jewison to see him in a matinee performance of The Who's Tommy (1975), he was injured during a show just prior to the one Jewison had bought a ticket to see. He recovered in time for the next show. Immediately following this, he drove from Los Angeles to Jewison's hotel in Palm Springs and dressed up as Jesus Christ. (Norman was leaving for Israel soon thereafter, to shoot the movie.) Not only did Jewison accept his explanation and apology, but he also gave him the title role in the film. See more »", "precise_score": 8.3184175491333, "rough_score": 6.338330268859863, "source": "search", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar (1973) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley (Teddie Joe Neeley September 20, 1943 in Ranger, Texas) is a rock and roll drummer, singer, actor, composer, and record producer. He is probably best known for performing the title role in Jesus Christ Superstar in 1973.", "precise_score": 8.022701263427734, "rough_score": 7.978748798370361, "source": "search", "title": "Ted Neeley’s Biography — Free listening, videos, concerts ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Long before he played a bad guy in \"Django Unchained,\" Ted Neeley played the ultimate good guy in the 1973 film adaptation of \"Jesus Christ Superstar.\"", "precise_score": 6.94858980178833, "rough_score": 7.542830467224121, "source": "search", "title": "Jencarlos Canela - Actors who played Jesus - Pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "CHICAGO – What can be said for a man who has portrayed Jesus close to 5,000 times, and starred in the definitive Broadway and film versions of the most famous rock opera about Christ? Ted Neeley is as virtuous as his famous title role in “Jesus Christ Superstar.”", "precise_score": 8.724278450012207, "rough_score": 8.772239685058594, "source": "search", "title": "Interview: The Confessions of Ted Neeley in ‘Jesus Christ ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley had the perfect show business start when coming of age in the 1960s. After venturing out of his native Texas to find a music career in Los Angeles, Neeley landed the role of Claude in both the Los Angeles and New York versions of “Hair” in 1969. The director of that show remembered Neeley when he was casting for the Broadway stage version of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice’s rock opera, “Jesus Christ Superstar.” He understudied in New York, and played the role on Broadway and in Los Angeles. That garnered interest from the producers of the 1973 film version, and he portrayed Jesus once again for director Norman Jewison.", "precise_score": 4.241220951080322, "rough_score": 6.26871395111084, "source": "search", "title": "Interview: The Confessions of Ted Neeley in ‘Jesus Christ ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "The musical opened on Broadway on 12 October 1971, directed by Tom O'Horgan, at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. It starred Jeff Fenholt as Jesus, Ben Vereen as Judas and Bob Bingham as Caiaphas. Dennen and Elliman created the roles that they had sung on the album. Kurt Yaghjian was Annas, and Ted Neeley (as a Christ understudy), Samuel E. Wright and Anita Morris appeared in the cast. Carl Anderson replaced Vereen when he fell ill, and the two performers later took turns playing the role. The show closed on 30 June 1973 after 711 performances. The production received mixed reviews; the reviewer from The New York Times deemed it to be a heartless over-hyped production. Lloyd Webber said in 2012: \"I hugely objected to the original New York production, which was probably the worst night of my life. It was a vulgar travesty.\" The show was nominated for five Tony Awards, including Best Score, but didn't win any. Lloyd Webber won a Drama Desk Award as \"Most Promising Composer\", and Vereen won a Theatre World Award.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2647467851638794, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar" }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "A film adaptation of Jesus Christ Superstar was released in 1973 and was the eighth highest-grossing film of that year. The film, directed by Norman Jewison, was shot in Israel and other Middle Eastern locations. Ted Neeley and Carl Anderson were each nominated for a Golden Globe Award for their portrayals of Jesus and Judas, respectively, and Yvonne Elliman was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as Mary Magdalene. Bob Bingham (Caiaphas) and Barry Dennen (Pilate) also reprised their roles. Though it attracted criticism from some religious groups, the film was generally well received. A new song, called \"Then We Are Decided\" and phrased as a dialogue between Caiaphas and Annas, was written and composed for this adaptation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.929525375366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar" }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley’s Biography — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370019912719727, "source": "search", "title": "Ted Neeley’s Biography — Free listening, videos, concerts ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley – Jesus Christ Superstar | The Rock n Roll Autograph Show", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5059205889701843, "source": "search", "title": "Ted Neeley – Jesus Christ Superstar | The Rock n Roll ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley – Jesus Christ Superstar", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.053623676300049, "source": "search", "title": "Ted Neeley – Jesus Christ Superstar | The Rock n Roll ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Visit the Ted Neeley website .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479639053344727, "source": "search", "title": "Ted Neeley – Jesus Christ Superstar | The Rock n Roll ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neely", "passage": "I had heard of Jesus Christ Superstar before from, of all people, an eight-year-old who was an avid fan, but the very title was enough to throw me off. Then, my sister's high school made the very gutsy decision to use it as their spring all-school musical. Her enthusiasm for it caught my interest. I listened to the London Concept soundtrack and loved it, then watched both this movie and the 1973 version. There is absolutely no comparison. As Jesus, Ted Neely (sp?) always seemed to be sleepy or something, except for his breaking up the marketplace in the temple. But Glenn Carter - wow. Not only can he express the torment of a man who knows that he was only born to die (\"To conquer death, you only have to die\"...who can forget that??), that his very best friends will deny and betray him, and that he might never get recognition for what he is about to do; he can also display such radiant joy that it is impossible not to smile with him. In the \"Hosanna\" scene, that gorgeous smile of his just shines with heavenly light - until the Israelites suggest that he die for them. His voice is lovely, but the true shining light in this production is Jerome Pradon's Judas Iscariot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8897552490234375, "source": "search", "title": "\"Great Performances\" Jesus Christ Superstar (2000 ... - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ted Neely", "passage": "When I saw the 1973 version of JCS, I felt it made a mistake by removing the show from the stage and putting it in a desert. This 2000 version has made up for that, and has confirmed my feeling. The show definitely works better as a show. However, I must set the score right in reference to the some of the other posters who seem to believe that this 2000 version invents the focus on Judas. Jerome Pradon does a smashing job as an extremely moving Judas - the best I've ever seen although his voice is more expressive than actually beautiful - but Judas IS in fact the main character of JCS, and was so even in the original version, as Mary Magdalen's rival for Jesus' love. And even in the original stage version, we were supposed to sympathize with him. That was how Rice wrote it: the Gospel according to Judas. JCS is Judas' tragedy, not Christ's, and that is the original angle that separates this story from so many others on the same subject. Apart from Pradon's Judas, I found Tony Vincent's Simon Zealotes - his quirky boy band singer turned political maniac was powerful - better than the original version's Larry Marshall. So thumbs up for the 2000 version's setting (a studio), its Judas and its Zealotes. So what do I miss from the dusty old 1973 version? Mainly the singing. I don't believe Carl Anderson's voice or phrasing can be improved, and Ted Neely's \"Gethsemane\" surpassed top performance. And one more thing: Although I didn't fall for Norman Jewison's many movie gimmicks, even in the 1970s, such as the arrival of the entire cast in a Jesus bus, the nauseating zooms and countless other examples of violation of film aesthetics that so mar productions from that decade, the 1973 version had one masterly cinematic stroke of genius in the montage of crucifixion images that cut into Christ's \"Gethsemane\" (\"Watch me die\"). What the 2000 version gets right all the way through is the choice of telling this very personal story of passion mainly through close-ups. The 1973 was to keen on showing us the entire desert in every shot. But that's only my opinion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.200767993927002, "source": "search", "title": "\"Great Performances\" Jesus Christ Superstar (2000 ... - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ultimately: how did Carter and Pradon, under Edwards' direction, hold up against the 1973 power-trinity of Ted Neeley, Carl Anderson and director Norman Jewison (who produced not the first incarnation of \"Superstar\", but definitely one of the most revered)? Granted, the upstarts did not outshine the Masters, so much as shine in their own right.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7881388664245605, "source": "search", "title": "\"Great Performances\" Jesus Christ Superstar (2000 ... - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Carter's voice was Roger Daltrey's without the grit. Yardstick of every Savior Wannabe is \"Gethsemane\". Ever since stratospheric Steve Balsamo in the 1996 London production made it a staple to hold that high G (G6) throughout the 5/8 breakdown, every son-of-a-god vocalist must conquer this Everest to be considered even remotely divine. Carter fell from grace about halfway. Though his highs were excellent, they were not stunning - but then, even Balsamo could not top the sheer grandeur of the Almighty Ted Neeley, whose encephalon-splitting banshee ululations in the 1973 movie were not even topped by Ian Gillan (Deep Purple's wonder-shrieker) on the original 1970 London studio album. Some reviews compare Carter's acting to the block of wood he is ultimately astride, but he displays as much thespianism as required to convey what he needed to, within the confines of a largely sung performance (a furtive look here, a knowing glance there, conveying unspoken volumes).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.657682418823242, "source": "search", "title": "\"Great Performances\" Jesus Christ Superstar (2000 ... - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342262268066406, "source": "search", "title": "Jencarlos Canela - Actors who played Jesus - Pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Holy Ghost! Ted Neeley talks about “Jesus Christ Superstar”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7459938526153564, "source": "search", "title": "\"Jesus Christ Superstar\" » She Likes To Watch" }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley can relate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4342041015625, "source": "search", "title": "\"Jesus Christ Superstar\" » She Likes To Watch" }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Interview: The Confessions of Ted Neeley in ‘Jesus Christ Superstar’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1251983642578125, "source": "search", "title": "Interview: The Confessions of Ted Neeley in ‘Jesus Christ ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Interview: The Confessions of Ted Neeley in ‘Jesus Christ Superstar’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1251983642578125, "source": "search", "title": "Interview: The Confessions of Ted Neeley in ‘Jesus Christ ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley, Superstar, at the “Hollywood Show Chicago” in 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.751027584075928, "source": "search", "title": "Interview: The Confessions of Ted Neeley in ‘Jesus Christ ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Ted Neeley: What inspired me was growing up in Texas and listening to the radio, I would do impersonations of all the musicians I loved. I was a drummer and singer, and my group was a weekend human jukebox. We’d play and sing anywhere, and would take requests from the crowd, and if we didn’t know it, we’d practice the next day and have it ready the next night. That’s how I started.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.013066291809082, "source": "search", "title": "Interview: The Confessions of Ted Neeley in ‘Jesus Christ ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Neeley", "passage": "Then there’s the movie that first bewitched me, the hippie-dippy one directed by Norman Jewison that came out in 1973, sandwiched, in terms of Jewison’s career, smack in between “Fiddler on the Roof” and “Rollerball.” This version was made into an album as well. (For those keeping track, it’s the one with a silhouette of the crucifixion on the cover.) Both those slices of rock history feature the anguished Carl Anderson as Judas and Ted Neeley in the title role, that same foxy savior who first loomed over me in the dark. While he doesn’t have anything near the vocal range of Gillan, Neeley certainly looks the part of hapless messiah. He’s scrawny, more than a little scruffy, not necessarily the brightest bulb in the chandelier, but he burns, baby, he burns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.224452495574951, "source": "search", "title": "“Jesus Christ Superstar” - Salon.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jimmy", "passage": "This is a Scorsese film that typically gets overlooked, and, while I can see why (to a degree), I think it's actually pretty good, and probably one of his most underrated- and that last little bit is something that needs to change. The film was a departure and an experiment for Marty. It was his follow-up to Taxi Driver, and needless to say, this didn't make the impression left by that one. For this, Scorsese decided to abandon the gritty realism of his previous works and craft a loveletter to his city, big band (and some jazz) music, and the lavishly produced movie musicals of Old Hollywood. It was a noble effort, and no one can deny the fact that this is made with tons of love, care, and respect. The film follows a go-getter sax player named Jimmy Doyle who's got talent, but can also be overwhelmingly obnoxious, stubborn, and hard to deal with. He meets a low level club singer with big hopes and the two form a perfonal and professional relationship with one another. Over time though, the pressure of show biz see the fall of their love as their careers rise. In order to bring his vision to life, Scorsese and his director of photography Laszlo Kovacs and production designer Boris Levin used intentionally artificial looking sets and specific lighting to recall the old days of studio musicals, with a touch of film noirish qualities thrown in for good measure. The result is gorgeous and one of the best made homages out there. (I'd say it's up there with Ed Wood and Black Dynamite in this regard). Like most Scorsese efforts, it's more of a character driven piece than a plot driven one, and that's fine, but even then, I really noticed just how light this film is on substance, and, for that matter, characters who truly come to life that you can care about. All other aspects of the film help to cover this up, but there's no denying that most of the film feels like it's on auto pilot. Still though, I can't hate this one too much. The performances are absolutely terrific, and this made me actually be interested in Liza Minnelli and the talent she has. De Niro of course not surprisingly delivers another solid performance. In fact, the first oh, 40 mins or so, were absolutely 100% brilliant. I was beginning to think that this was a great overlooked true masterpiece. Seeing De Niro slink around trying to pick up women is simultaneously hilarious, awkward, and annoying, but totally excellent. If only the rest of the movie maintained that same level of energy, fun, and focus throughout its 163 minute run time instead of gradually falling back and becoming a rambling drawn out procedure could it be called a great piece of work. I didn't quite get bored, but I started to get antsy and wonder what the point was. All in all, this is a pretty good movie. It is flawed yes, but in the context of when it came out and what the intentions were, it's wrong to ignore this. Come to it with an open mind, and give it a chance.", "precise_score": -9.611133575439453, "rough_score": -11.082457542419434, "source": "search", "title": "New York, New York (1977) - Rotten Tomatoes" } ]

[ { "answer": "Davey Jones", "passage": "Out of all the movies that have been made from old TV shows, this is perhaps the best. The plot is as thin as one you see on the show and. The dialogue is killer - when Marcia is insecure about her injured nose on a date, the guy reassures her, \"its not your nose I'm after\". Quite alot of the jokes are of the double-meaning style and most of them are very funny. Gary Cole takes the acting honors, as he is just as sincere are Robert Reed was. I was never the biggest fan of the show, but this movie made me wish I were. Also it was great seeing Davey Jones of the Monkees!", "precise_score": -10.471760749816895, "rough_score": -9.890549659729004, "source": "search", "title": "The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Davy Jones", "passage": "The next day, the children join the \"Search for the Stars\" contest with a dated performance that receives poor audience response compared to the more modern performances of other bands. However, the judges — Davy Jones, Micky Dolenz, and Peter Tork, all of the 1960s band The Monkees — vote for them, and they win the contest as a result. The tax bill is paid and their neighbors withdraw their homes from the market, foiling Larry's plan and securing the neighborhood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.212406158447266, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Brady Bunch Movie" }, { "answer": "Davy Jones", "passage": "* Davy Jones as himself", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.177166938781738, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Brady Bunch Movie" }, { "answer": "Davy Jones", "passage": "The judges at the \"Search for the Stars\" are Davy Jones , Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork - three of the original The Monkees (1966). Michael Nesmith is the only one missing. See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.672457695007324, "source": "search", "title": "The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Davy Jones", "passage": "Hollywood execs were looking to create their own version of Beatlemania, so they found four fab candidates — Micky Dolenz, Peter Tork, Davy Jones and Michael Nesmith — and The Monkees were born. The public was definitely sold on the concept, tuning in to watch the band star in its own eponymous TV show on NBC from 1966 to 1968. The group was also a big hit on the charts, reaching No. 1 with each of its first four studio albums.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.952323913574219, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 made-for-TV bands of all time - Mercury News" } ]

[ { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "slogin \"Theater Review:You've Got to Come Back a . . . You Know\"] The New York Times, May 3, 2001 where it ran for 1,524 performances. The cast included Michael Cumpsty as Julian, Christine Ebersole as Dorothy, Kate Levering as Peggy, and David Elder as Billy. Meredith Patterson, who made her Broadway musical debut in the chorus and was the understudy for the role of Peggy Sawyer, took over the role in August 2001. Todd Lattimore, who had been a swing and understudy, took the role of Billy. Other notable replacements included Patrick CassidyJones, Kenneth.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/85120-Shirley-Jones-and-Patrick-Cassidy-Announced-for-Bways-42nd-Street-Starting-May-7 \"Shirley Jones and Patrick Cassidy Announced for Bway's '42nd Street', Starting May 7\"] playbill.com, March 23, 2004 and Tom Wopat as Julian and Shirley Jones and Beth Leavel as Dorothy.", "precise_score": 3.0185728073120117, "rough_score": 3.0377604961395264, "source": "wiki", "title": "42nd Street (musical)" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "The opening night curtain is about to rise when Julian, who is completely in love with Peggy at this point, stops by for a last minute lip-lock and pep talk in which he utters the now iconic line, \"You're going out there a youngster, but you've got to come back a star!\" The show is a huge success sure to catapult her into stardom. In addition, even though she is invited to and expected to attend the official opening night party, she decides to go to the chorus one instead. Julian is left alone onstage with only a single ghost light casting his huge shadow on the back wall. He quietly begins to sing, \"Come and meet those dancing feet on the avenue I'm taking you to...42nd Street.\"", "precise_score": 4.7946882247924805, "rough_score": -3.5913212299346924, "source": "wiki", "title": "42nd Street (musical)" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "- the \"42nd Street\" production number in which Peggy and Billy Lawler (Dick Powell) peek over the top of the skyscraper and Peggy's performance of a clumsy and heavy-footed tap-dance", "precise_score": -3.494230270385742, "rough_score": -6.179264545440674, "source": "search", "title": "Greatest Film Moments and Scenes - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Warner Baxter gives a tremendous performance as Julian Marsh, the director whose life and financial security hang in the balance with the opening of his new musical \"Pretty Lady.\" (His last scene in the film is especially powerful, and at the same time very depressing.) George Brent is grand as Pat, the man deeply in love with the star of \"Pretty Lady,\" Dorothy Brock. Also, a young Dick Powell shines as the juvenille of the show, Billy Lawler, who happens to be in love with a doe-eyed chorus girl by the name of Peggy Sawyer. Boy can he sing!! Bebe Daniels is gorgeous as Dorothy Brock, the star of the show who is having trouble maintaining a balance between her Sugar Daddy Abner and the love of her life, Pat Denning. She has such a fantastic talent as an actress and singer and is one of those true 30s beauties. And look at that wardrobe! (One thing I also noticed about Daniels... she's a TERRIFIC crier.) Then you have Ruby Keeler (aka the former Mrs. Al Jolson) playing chorus-girl-turned-over-night-star Peggy Sawyer. Ruby Keeler is absolutely adorable, with her petite frame, lovely large eyes, and fresh face. She makes the song \"42nd Street\" her own, and her dancing is FANTASTIC!!!! I have read many comments where people said she \"couldn't dance\" and looked like a clunky cow... but let's take a few things into consideration. First of all, she was playing a kid who, by luck, got into a huge musical production. Her dances had been choreographed to make her seem insanely talented, but at the same time a little awkward. Second of all, Ruby Keeler had a style all her own. Her taps weren't the light, airy taps of say, Fred Astaire, but they were much more earthy. (And by this I mean no disrespect to Astaire, as he is one of my favorite actors!) Her taps weren't light brushes on the floor, they were pounded deep into it. Her singing is so cheerful and so lilting... her ingenue image paved the way for other similar ingenues, such as Debbie Reynolds' Kathy Selden in \"Singin' in the Rain.\" But, upon viewing this, there are two characters that stick in your mind: Lorraine and Anytime Annie, superbly played by Una Merkel and Ginger Rogers. They're so hilarious -- absolute riots! They could not have found a better pair to spark off of each other as wisecracking friends; Lorraine who is, shall we say, stuck on Andy (Gotta love the platinum blonde hair on Una! She's such a fantastic character actress.), and Ann, who aside from her obvious permiscuous ways, does a great British accent (love Ginger's random monacle!) and is quite humorous when loaded.", "precise_score": 1.8915668725967407, "rough_score": 1.486996054649353, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street has three great songs, \"You're Getting To Be A Habit With Me\", \"Shuffle Off To Buffalo\" and of course \"42nd Street\". There have been many revivals of \"42nd Street\", and they often include the best numbers of other films, along with the three I mentioned, including \"Dames\" from the film of the same name, \"Go Into Your Dance\", a terrific number, and \"Lullaby of Broadway\", which is the highlight number from \"Gold-Diggers of 1935\", which has a spectacular tap dance sequence with 100 chorus girls wearing gorgeous, sheer black skirts as part of their chorus outfits. If musicals often leave you cold, and you haven't given \"42nd Street\" a try, than I suggest that you do so ... and sit close to the television set.", "precise_score": -5.277862548828125, "rough_score": -5.717651844024658, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "This is THE film that started it all. Oh, there were other musicals before this (Broadway Melody of 1929 won the Oscar a few years back), but \"42nd street\", was the trailblazer. It introduced the world to Busby Berkeley's wonderful kaleidoscope images of leggy chorine girls- and we never looked back. The plot (young chorus girl is plucked from oblivion to replace the temperamental) female star is old hat now, but this is where it all originated from. It probably made other studios, like RKO, consider doing musicals (and look what RKO gave us...Fred & Ginger!)So \"42nd Street\" deserves a lot of credit for it's unique place in history. And it's an entertaining film to boot.", "precise_score": -1.3499330282211304, "rough_score": -2.7843434810638428, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Ruby Keeler became a huge musical star after \"42nd street\". Oh, Ruby. She was so cute and plucky and likable, but Lord, was she a bad actor and singer! Seen today, her tapping is also quite average. I've read that \"buck-dancing\", tap where movement below the waist was emphasised, was the style of the time and that could account for little Ruby looking like a clopping horse. And when Ginger's wise-cracking Anytime Annie (Ginger was just crying out for a lead role then, the girl stole every scene!) insists to the producer that Peggy's the only chorine who can save the show, I had to laugh. Luckuly Dick Powell, who I like a lot, was around to show the way. We also have George Brent and Bebe Daniels in the mix. Daniels was quite good but she just wasn't appealing to me.", "precise_score": -3.006216287612915, "rough_score": -4.633459091186523, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "The quintessential backstage musical, 42nd Street traces the history of a Broadway musical comedy, from casting call to opening night. Warner Baxter plays famed director Julian Marsh, who despite failing health is determined to stage one last great production, Pretty Lady. Others involved include Pretty Lady star Dorothy Brock (Bebe Daniels); Dorothy's sugar daddy (Guy Kibbee), who finances the show; her true love Pat (George Brent); leading man Billy Lawlor (Dick Powell); and starry-eyed chorus girl Peggy Sawyer (Ruby Keeler). It practically goes without saying that Dorothy twists her ankle the night before the premiere, forcing Julian Marsh is to put chorine Peggy into the lead: You're going out there a youngster, but you've got to come back a star! Delightfully corny, with hilarious wisecracking support from the likes of Ginger Rogers, Una Merkel, and George E. Stone, 42nd Street is perhaps the most famous of Warners' early-1930s Busby Berkeley musicals. Based on the novel by Bradford Ropes (which was a lot steamier than the movie censors would allow), 42nd Street is highlighted by such grandiose musical setpieces as Shuffle Off to Buffalo, Young and Healthy, and of course the title song. Nearly fifty years after its premiere, it was successfully revived as a Broadway musical with Tammy Grimes and Jerry Orbach.~ Hal Erickson, All Movie Guide", "precise_score": 2.8168375492095947, "rough_score": -4.73227071762085, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street: Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, Ginger Rogers ..." }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Set on Broadway during the Great Depression, 42nd Street is the classic backstage tale of aspiring actress and small-town girl, Peggy Sawyer, who finds love and success on the Great White Way. Cast as a chorus girl, Peggy finds herself replacing the star of the show on opening night. The director urges her, \"You're going out there a youngster. But you've got to come back a STAR!\" Full of thrilling, grand-scale tap numbers and over the top dance routines, 42nd Street features music by Harry Warren, lyrics by Al Dubin and book by Michael Stewart and Mark Bramble. It's based on the Warner Bros. film of the same name and the novel by Bradford Ropes. The 1980 musical includes \"Lullaby of Broadway,\" \"We're in the Money,\" \"Shuffle Off to Buffalo\" and the title song \"42nd Street\".", "precise_score": 7.030745029449463, "rough_score": 5.911489963531494, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - Houston | Tickets, Reviews, Info and More" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street is an American musical with a book by Michael Stewart and Mark Bramble, lyrics by Al Dubin, and music by Harry Warren. The 1980 Broadway production, produced by David Merrick, directed by an ailing Gower Champion and orchestrated by Philip J. Lang, won the Tony Award for Best Musical and became a long-running hit. The show was produced in London in 1984 (winning the Olivier Award for Best Musical) and its 2001 Broadway revival won the Tony for Best Revival.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.39428424835205, "source": "wiki", "title": "42nd Street (musical)" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Producer David Merrick \"took a huge gamble with his $3 million production based on the 1933 Warner Brothers film musical\", as \"only one other show had made the transfer from original movie musical to the stage -- 'Gigi,' a flop in 1974.\"[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/musicals/42nd.html 42nd Street History] pbs.org, accessed April 8, 2011[http://www.sptimes.com/2003/04/28/Floridian/Renovating__42nd_Stre.shtml \"Floridian Renovating 42nd_Street\"] sptimes, April 28, 2003 He felt audiences once again were ready to embrace the nostalgia craze started by the successful revivals of No, No, Nanette, Irene, and his own Very Good Eddie several years earlier, and augmented the familiar songs from the film's soundtrack with a liberal dose of popular tunes from the Dubin-Warren catalogue. According to theater historian John Kenrick, \"When the curtain slowly rose to reveal forty pairs of tap-dancing feet, the star-studded opening night audience at the Winter Garden cheered...Champion followed this number with a series of tap-infused extravaganzas larger and more polished than anything Broadway really had in the 1930s.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.063542366027832, "source": "wiki", "title": "42nd Street (musical)" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "In June 1980, the musical premiered in out-of-town tryouts at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. The musical opened on Broadway on August 25, 1980, at the Winter Garden Theatre,Rich, Frank. \"Theater:Musical 42ND Street\", The New York Times, August 25, 1980, p. C7 and then moved to the Majestic and finally to the St. James, closing on January 8, 1989 after 3,486 performances and 6 previews. (Frank Rich called this a sign of the \"shift of power\" on Broadway, as the show had to leave the Winter Garden to make way for Cats and the Majestic to accommodate The Phantom of the Opera.) The original cast included Jerry Orbach as Julian Marsh, Tammy Grimes as Dorothy Brock, Wanda Richert as Peggy Sawyer, and Lee Roy Reams as Billy Lawlor. Replacements later in the run included Barry Nelson and Don Chastain and Jamie Ross who played Julian for the last three years of its Broadway run, Elizabeth Allen, Dolores Gray and Millicent Martin as Dorothy, and Lisa Brown and Karen Ziemba as Peggy. (Karen Prunzik, who originated the role of Anytime Annie, briefly played the role of Peggy when Wanda Richert became ill and her understudy abruptly quit the show.) The show's designers, Robin Wagner (sets), Theoni V. Aldredge (costumes), and Tharon Musser (lights) were the same team who had designed the original Broadway production of A Chorus Line. The original Broadway production is the 14th longest running show in Broadway history, as of September 22, 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.274634838104248, "source": "wiki", "title": "42nd Street (musical)" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street proved to be not only Champion's last show but Merrick's final success. Merrick lived until 2000, but, as described by Anthony Bianco, 42nd Street \"was his last big hit, his swan song.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.781587600708008, "source": "wiki", "title": "42nd Street (musical)" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street (film) - Wikiquote", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.633197784423828, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street (film) - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street (film)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.484842300415039, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street (film) - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street is a 1933 musical film about a producer who puts on what may be his last Broadway show, and at the last moment must replace the star with a chorus girl.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.424319744110107, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street (film) - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street (1933) - Quotes - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22659683227539, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street (1933) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street (1933)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215777397155762, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street (1933) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "2. 42ND STREET", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29526138305664, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 films - SMH.com.au" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.437838554382324, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Most of the negative comments posted below seem to be from people who either just don't like musicals or who are unaware that all the \"cliches\" in this movie were essentially invented by \"42nd Street.\" It's sort of like complaining that Shakespeare is full of quotations. This movie is absolutely brilliant, which is why it's been imitated endlessly for the last seven decades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.738922119140625, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "In any case, this is one of the great '30s musicals... and one of the great Hollywood movies of all time. If you don't like the genre, then so be it. It always amazes me that so many film fans strongly prefer \"Singin' in the Rain\" to such predecessors as \"42nd Street,\" \"Dames,\" \"Top Hat,\" \"Swing Time,\" etc., when \"Singin' in the Rain\" is simply an homage to the '30s musical and generates quite little fresh material of its own. Mind you, it's a brilliantly executed homage, and it arguably benefits from its overt tongue-in-cheek attitude, but I can't help thinking many are simply swayed by the fact that it's in color (really good Technicolor) and has clearer sound quality than its '30s predecessors. Either way, you need to see and appreciate the original movie musicals before you can really understand what \"Singin' in the Rain\" was about... just as you should see some Hong Kong action flicks and blacksploitation films to get what's going on in \"Pulp Fiction.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.072610855102539, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "But I digress. See \"42nd Street,\" and try to keep an open mind. Just because it's old is not a reason to assume that the people who made it didn't know their business extremely well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.648523330688477, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "I must admit, the reason I purchased this movie was all because of a CD I bought that had Ruby Keeler singing \"42nd Street\" on it. But I also must admit that my purchase was not a waste of my money in the least!!!!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.260740280151367, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Perhaps the greatest musical of them all, this lively Warner Bros film boats a great cast and music and served as the prototype plot for scores of other films. Backstage drama in putting on a show when the star falls and breaks her ankle and must be replaced by a newcomer. It worked in film, and it worked in the Broadway stage version of this film. This film also served as a springboard to stardom for Dick Powell, Ruby Keeler, and Ginger Rogers. Warner Baxter stars as the dyspeptic director who harangues his cast into making a great show. Bebe Daniels is his star who is seeing an old boyfriend (George Brent) while stringing along rube producer (Guy Kibbee). Ruby Keeler is the newcomer who has eyes for the show's \"juvenile\" (Dick Powell) and who is befriended by old hands, Ginger Rogers and Una Merkel. Toss in Ned Sparks, Allen Jenkins, George E. Stone, Louise Beavers, Charles Lane, Lyle Talbot, Henry B. Walthall, and the day's top chorus girl, Toby Wing. Great musical numbers boast the singing talents of Powell and the dancing talents of Keeler. Bebe Daniels also has a great number in \"You're Getting to Be a Habit with Me.\" And Rogers does NOT make a mistake during the \"Shuffle Off to Buffalo\" number. She starts to say \"belly\" but changes it to \"tummy.\" It's part of the show, folks! \"Belly\" was considered to be a vulgar term in 1933; her use of the word shows her character. It's not a mistake. But it is odd that Keeler stars in this number with Clarence Nordstrom rather than Dick Powell. Other songs include \"Young and Healthy\" and the superb \"42nd Street.\" The best and oft repeated line belongs to Daniels speaking to Keeler: \"Now go out there and be so swell …. that you'll make me hate you!\" This line is also said by Glenda Jackson to Twiggy in 1971's The Boy Friend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.595485210418701, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "In reviewing one of the film versions of The Virginian I said that it was the prototype for all the westerns that were done, where all the clichés started. The same can certainly be said for 42nd Street, THE original backstage musical.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.775710105895996, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "I suppose the real star of this film is Busby Berkeley who's vision of kaleidoscopic chorus girls came into real fruition here. The Depression story is dated, but Berkeley's musical numbers, Young and Healthy, Shuffle Off to Buffalo, and 42nd Street are eternal. That and all the clichés about putting on a Broadway show that became standard in films for generations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.354990005493164, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "But it all started here folks, it all started with 42nd Street.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333712577819824, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Do you find the musicals of the 40's and 50's pristine, sterile and virginal in the extreme? And based on this unhappy discovery you've decided that you don't like musicals. Please do not distress yourself and allow me to introduce you to the Busby Berkeley musicals of the 1930's, starting with 42nd Street, the best of them all.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.097497940063477, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Like nearly all the musicals of its time, 42nd Street is a depression-era back stage musical which focuses on the grueling hours that have to be put in by the singers and dancers day after day in preparation of opening night. The film has a fine cast with lovely Bebe Daniels as Dorothy Brock, Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, Ginger Rogers, George Brent and Warner Baxter, who chews the scenery in every scene he's in as the stage director of 'Pretty Lady'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.87849235534668, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "What separates films like \"42nd Street\" from the musicals of the 40's and 50's is the daring camera work of dance director Busby Berkeley. Berkeley loves his chorus girls, and he has no qualms about aiming his camera up their dresses at every opportunity. One of the sexiest moments in the film comes when the girls try out for the chorus in their street clothes. Each girl of course is dressed differently from the others, with a different hat (love those cute 30's hats) dress and high-heel shoes. This variety makes them look hotter than when they're all wearing the same chorus outfit. When they have to show their legs in the hopes of being chosen, Berkeley gets his camera down low and gives you a birds eye view of each girl's legs ... first a front view, than they turn and let you get a good look at their calves. It is a very erotic scene. Later, when the girls leave their dressing rooms and are coming down the stairs for opening night, Berkeley puts his camera under the stairs and shoots up their dresses as they pass. Again, when the girls emerge from backstage and high-kick out for the opening number, Berkeley has his camera down low at a 45 degree angle, aiming right up the chute of the costumes of the first few girls to dance out on stage. Further along, all the chorus girls form an arc in one number with their legs wide open and Berkeley tracks right thru their legs all the way around the circle. You can even see the last girl has a gold ankle bracelet on her left ankle. Once the production code was strictly enforced after 1934, shots like this were never seen again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.14050579071045, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street: Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, Ginger Rogers, Warner Baxter, Lloyd Bacon: Amazon.co.uk: LOVEFiLM By Post", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.032943725585938, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street: Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, Ginger Rogers ..." }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street - Houston | Tickets, Reviews, Info and More", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48685359954834, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - Houston | Tickets, Reviews, Info and More" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323405265808105, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - Houston | Tickets, Reviews, Info and More" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Visit the 42nd Street website:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.460739135742188, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - Houston | Tickets, Reviews, Info and More" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323405265808105, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - gsmcs.org" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Rose Bowl Adjudication of \"42nd Street\" by Gerry Parker", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.312633514404297, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - gsmcs.org" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "�42nd Street�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323405265808105, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - gsmcs.org" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323405265808105, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - gsmcs.org" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "THE buzz and bright lights of Broadway are blazing off the stage of Strode Theatre in Street this week, as members of Glastonbury and Street Musical Comedy Society perform the pastiche 30s musical 42nd Street. Incredibly, it is the first time that Jane Sayer has directed a musical, and a magnificent job she does of it, full of freshness, quirky ideas and general joie de vivre. It is an all-female �creative� team, with Sheila Driver choreographing up a storm, Lynn Merrifield presiding over a terrific orchestra and Mary Parker putting it all together as producer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.825311660766602, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - gsmcs.org" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "What a show, from the moment the band struck the first note the bar was set, this company was on fire! To make 42nd Street believable you has to have real �hoofers� and they did, their execution of choreography was superb.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.055636405944824, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - gsmcs.org" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "42nd Street opens with the well known audition scene with everyone hoping to tap dance their way into the new show, Pretty Lady. This was done with great energy and the dance was excellent, meaning the show had impact from the start.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.120923042297363, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - gsmcs.org" }, { "answer": "42nd Street", "passage": "Parts of the show are dramatic scenes and others are part of Pretty Lady the musical the characters are putting on. I felt at times there was and over emphasis on playing things for comedy which glossed over some of the more dramatic moments - many of the characters played directly to the audience when they were in scenes from 42nd Street, not scenes from Pretty Lady which seemed out of place to me.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.881522178649902, "source": "search", "title": "42nd Street - gsmcs.org" } ]

[ { "answer": "Where the devil are my slippers?", "passage": "As Higgins walks home, he realizes he's grown attached to Eliza (\"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face\"). He cannot bring himself to confess that he loves her, and insists to himself that if she marries Freddy and then comes back to him, he will not accept her. But he finds it difficult to imagine being alone again. He reviews the recording he made of the morning Eliza first came to him for lessons. He hears his own harsh words: \"She's so deliciously low! So horribly dirty!\" Then the phonograph turns off, and a real voice speaks in a Cockney accent: \"I washed me face an' 'ands before I come, I did\". It is Eliza, standing in the doorway, tentatively returning to him. The musical ends on an ambiguous moment of possible reconciliation between teacher and pupil, as Higgins slouches and asks, \"Eliza, where the devil are my slippers?\"", "precise_score": -10.834938049316406, "rough_score": -10.99353313446045, "source": "wiki", "title": "My Fair Lady" }, { "answer": "Where the devil are my slippers?", "passage": "Professor Henry Higgins : Eliza? Where the devil are my slippers?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476746559143066, "source": "search", "title": "Professor Henry Higgins (Character) - Quotes" }, { "answer": "Where the devil are my slippers?", "passage": "Freddy, go and find a cab. Do you want me to catch pneumonia? Don't just stand there, Freddy. Go and find a cab. All right, I'll get one. Look where you're goin', dear. Look where you're goin'! I'm so sorry. Two bunches o' violets trod in the mud. A full day's wages. -Freddy, go and find a cab. -Yes, Mother. He's your son, is he? If you'd done your duty as a mother should... ...you wouldn't let 'im spoil a poor girl's flow'rs and run away without payin'. Go about your business, my girl. And you wouldn't go off without payin', either. Two bunches o' violets trod in the mud. Sir, is there any sign of it stopping? I'm afraid not. It's worse than before. If it's worse, it's a sign it's nearly over. Cheer up, Capt'n, buy a flow'r off a poor girl. I'm sorry, I haven't any change. I can change 'alf a crown. Take this for tuppence. I told you, I'm awfully sorry. Wait a minute. Oh, yes. Here's three ha' pence, if that's any use to you. Thank you, sir. You be careful. Better give 'im a flower for it. There's a bloke here behind that pillar... ...takin' down every blessed word you're sayin'. I ain't done nothin' wrong by speakin' to the gentleman. I've a right to sell flow'rs if I keep off the curb. I'm a respectable girl, so help me. I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flow'r off me. -What's the bloomin' noise? -A tec's takin' her down. I'm makin' an honest livin'. Who's doing all that shouting? Sir, don't let 'im charge me. You dunno what it means to me. They'll take away me character and drive me on the streets... ...for speakin' to gentlemen. There, there. Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What'd you take me for? On my Bible oath, I never spoke a word. Shut up! Do I look like a policeman? Why'd ya take down me words? 'Ow do I know you took me down right? You just show me what you wrote ab'ut me. That ain't proper writin'. I can't read it. I can. '\"l say, Capt'n, now buy a flow'r off a poor girl.'\" Oh, it's cause I called him '\"Capt'n.'\" I meant no 'arm. Sir, don't let him lay a charge against me for a word like that. I'll make no charge. Really, sir, if you are a detective... ...you needn't protect me against molestation from young women... ...until I ask you. Anyone could tell the girl meant no harm. He ain't no tec. He's a gentleman. Look at his boots. How are all your people down at Selsey? Who told you my people come from Selsey? Never mind, they do. How do you come to be up so far east? You were born in Lisson Grove. What 'arm is there in my leavin' Lisson Grove? It weren't fit for pigs to live. I had to pay four and six a week. Live where you like but stop that noise! Come, come, he can't touch you. You've a right to live where you please. I'm a good girl, I am. -Where do I come from? -Hawkestone. Who said I didn't? Blimey, you know everything, you do. You, sir, do you think you could find me a taxi? Madam, it's stopped raining. You can get a motorbus to Hampton Court. Isn't that where you live? What impertinence! Tell 'im where he comes from, if you wanta go fortune-telling. Cheltenham, Harrow... ...Cambridge and... ...lndia? Quite right. He ain't a tec, he's a bloomin' busybody. Do you do this sort of thing for a living at a music hall? I have thought of it. Perhaps I will one day. He's no gentleman, he ain't, to interfere with a poor girl! How do you do it, may I ask? Simple phonetics. The science of speech. That's my profession. Also my hobby. Anyone can spot an lrishman or a Yorkshireman by his brogue... ...but I can place a man within six miles. I can place 'im within two miles in London. Sometimes within two streets. Ought to be ashamed of 'imself, unmanly coward. -Is there a living in that? -Oh, yes. Let him mind his own business and leave a poor girl alone. Cease this detestable boohooing instantly... ...or else seek the shelter of some other place of worship! I have a right to be here if I like, same as you! A woman who utters such disgusting, depressing noises... ...has no right to be anywhere, no right to live. Remember, you're a human with a soul... ...and the divine gift of articulate speech. Your native language is the language of Shakespeare and... ...Milton and the Bible. Don't sit there crooning like a bilious pigeon. '\"Look at her, a prisoner of the gutters '\"Condemned by every syllable she utters '\"By right she should be taken out and hung '\"For the cold-blooded murder of the English tongue'\" Heavens, what a sound! '\"This is what the British population '\"Calls an elementary education'\" Come, sir, I think you've picked a poor example. Did l? '\"Hear them down in Soho Square Dropping H's everywhere '\"Speaking English any way they like '\"Hey, you, sir, did you go to school? '\"What ya tike me for, a fool? '\"No one taught him 'take' instead of 'tike' '\"Hear a Yorkshireman, or worse Hear a Cornishman converse '\"l'd rather hear a choir singing flat '\"Chickens cackling in a barn Just like this one '\"Garn! '\"Garn! '\"l ask you, sir, what sort of word is that? '\"lt's 'aoow' and 'garn' that keep her in her place '\"Not her wretched clothes and dirty face '\"Why can't the English teach their children how to speak? '\"This verbal class distinction by now should be antique '\"lf you spoke as she does, sir, instead of the way you do '\"Why, you might be selling flowers, too'\" I beg your pardon. '\"An Englishman's way of speaking absolutely classifies him '\"The moment he talks he makes some other Englishman despise him '\"One common language I'm afraid we'll never get '\"Oh, why can't the English learn to... '\"...set a good example to people whose English is painful to your ears '\"The Scotch and the lrish leave you close to tears '\"There even are places where English completely disappears '\"Why, in America they haven't used it for years! '\"Why can't the English teach their children how to speak? '\"Norwegians learn Norwegian, the Greeks are taught their Greek '\"ln France every Frenchman knows his language from 'A' to 'Z' '\"The French don't care what they do actually '\"As long as they pronounce it properly '\"Arabians learn Arabian with the speed of summer lightning '\"The Hebrews learn it backwards which is absolutely frightening '\"Use proper English, you're regarded as a freak '\"Oh, why can't the English '\"Why can't the English learn to speak?'\" Thank you. See this creature with her curbstone English... ...that'll keep her in the gutter till the end of her days? In six months I could pass her off as a duchess at an Embassy Ball. I could get her a job as a lady's maid or a shop assistant... ...which requires better English. What's that you say? Yes, you squashed cabbage leaf! You disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns! You incarnate insult to the English language! I could pass you off as the Queen of Sheba. You don't believe that, Capt'n? Anything's possible. I, myself, am a student of lndian dialects. Are you? Do you know Colonel Pickering, the author of Spoken Sanskrit? I am Colonel Pickering. Who are you? I'm Henry Higgins, author of Higgins' Universal Alphabet. I came from lndia to meet you! I was going to lndia to meet you! -Where are you staying? -At the Carleton. No, you're not. You're staying at A Wimpole Street. You come with me. We'll have a little jaw over supper. Indian dialects have always fascinated me. Buy a flower. I'm short for me lodgin'. Liar! You said you could change half a crown. You ought to be stuffed with nails, you ought! Here, take the whole bloomin' basket for a sixpence! A reminder. -How many are there actually? -How many what? Indian dialects? No fewer than distinct languages are recorded as vernacular in lndia. Shouldn't we stand up, gentlemen? We've got a bloomin' heiress in our midst. Would you be lookin' for a good butler, Eliza? Well, you won't do. '\"lt's rather dull in town I think I'll take me to Paris '\"The missus wants to open up the castle in Capri '\"Me doctor recommends a quiet summer by the sea '\"Wouldn't it be loverly?'\" Where are ya bound for this year, Eliza? Biarritz? '\"All I want is a room somewhere '\"Far away from the cold night air '\"With one enormous chair '\"Oh, wouldn't it be loverly? '\"Lots of chocolate for me to eat '\"Lots of coal makin' lots of 'eat '\"Warm face, warm 'ands, warm feet '\"Oh, wouldn't it be loverly? '\"Oh, so loverly sittin' '\"Absobloominlutely still '\"l would never budge till Spring '\"Crept over the winder sill '\"Someone's 'ead restin' on my knee '\"Warm and tender as he can be '\"Who takes good care of me '\"Oh, wouldn't it be loverly? '\"Loverly '\"Loverly '\"Loverly '\"Loverly '\"All I want is a room somewhere '\"Far away from the cold night air '\"With one enormous chair '\"Oh, wouldn't it be loverly? '\"Lots of chocolate for me to eat '\"Lots of coal makin' lots of 'eat '\"Warm face, warm 'ands, warm feet '\"Oh, wouldn't it be loverly? '\"Oh, so loverly sittin' '\"Absobloominlutely still '\"l would never budge till Spring '\"Crept over the winder sill '\"Someone's 'ead restin' on my knee '\"Warm and tender as he can be '\"Who takes good care of me '\"Oh, wouldn't it be loverly? '\"Loverly '\"Loverly '\"Loverly '\"Oh, wouldn't it be loverly? '\"Loverly '\"Loverly '\"Loverly '\"Wouldn't it be loverly?'\" Come on, Alfie, let's go 'ome now. This place is givin' me the willies. Home? What do you want to go 'ome for? It's nearly : . My daughter Eliza'll be along soon. She ought to be good for 'alf a crown for a father that loves 'er. That's a laugh. You ain't been near 'er for months. What's that got to do with it? What's 'alf a crown after all I've give 'er? When did you ever give 'er anythin'? Anythin'? I give 'er everythin'. I give 'er the greatest gift any human being can give to another: Life! I introduced 'er to this here planet, I did, with all its wonders and marvels. The sun that shines, the moon that glows. Hyde Park to walk through on a fine spring night. The 'ole ruddy city o' London to roam around in sellin' 'er bloomin' flow'rs. I give 'er all that. Then I disappears and leaves 'er on 'er own to enjoy it. If that ain't worth 'alf a crown now and again... ...l'll take my belt off and give 'er what for. You got a good 'eart. But you want a 'alf a crown out o' Eliza... ...you better have a good story. Leave that to me, my boy. -Good mornin', George. -Not a brass farthin'. Not a brass farthin'. There she is. Why, Liza, what a surprise. Hop along, Charlie, you're too old for me. -Don't you know your daughter? -You don't know what she looks like. I know 'er, I know 'er. Come on, I'll find 'er. Eliza, what a surprise. Not a brass farthin'. Hey, you come 'ere, Eliza. I ain't gonna take me 'ard-earned wages... ...and let you pass 'em on to a bloody pubkeeper. You wouldn't send me 'ome to your stepmother... ...without a drop o' liquid protection, would ya? Stepmother, indeed! Well, I'm willin' to marry 'er. It's me that suffers by it. I'm a slave to that woman, Eliza. Just because I ain't 'er lawful 'usband. Come on. Slip your ol' dad just 'alf a crown to go 'ome on. Well, I had a bit o' luck meself last night. But don't keep comin' around countin' on 'alf crowns from me! Thank you, Eliza. You're a noble daughter. '\"Beer, beer, glorious beer '\"Fill yourself right up'\" See this creature with her curbstone English... ...that will keep her in the gutter till the end of her days? In six months, I could pass her off as a duchess at an Embassy Ball. I could get her ajob as a lady's maid or a shop assistant... ...which requires better English. You disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns! I could get her ajob as a lady's maid or a shop assistant... ...which requires better English. How many vowel sounds did you hear altogether? I believe I counted . Wrong by . To be exact you heard . Listen to them one at a time. Must l? I'm really quite done up for one morning. Your name, please? Your name, miss? My name is of no concern to you whatsoever. One moment, please. London is gettin' so dirty these days. I'm Mrs. Pearce, the housekeeper. Can I help you? Good morning, missus. I'd like to see the professor, please. Could you tell me what it's about? It's business of a personal nature. One moment, please. -Mr. Higgins? -What is it, Mrs. Pearce? There's a young woman who wants to see you, sir. A young woman? What does she want? She's quite a common girl, sir. Very common indeed. I should've sent her away, only I thought... ...you wanted her to talk into your machine. -Has she an interesting accent? -Simply ghastly. Good. Let's have her in. Show her in, Mrs. Pearce. This is rather a bit of luck. I'll show you how I make records. We'll set her talking, then I'll take her down first in Bell's Visible Speech... ...then in broad Romic. Then we'll get her on the phonograph... ...so you can turn her on when you want with the written transcript before you. This is the young woman, sir. Good mornin', my good man. Might I 'ave a word with you? Oh, no. This is the girl I jotted down last night. She's no use. I got the records I want of the Lisson Grove lingo. I won't waste another cylinder on that. Be off with you. I don't want you. Don't be so saucy. You ain't 'eard what I come for yet. Did you tell 'im I come in a taxi? Nonsense. Do you think a gentleman like Mr. Higgins cares... ...what you came in? Oh, we are proud. He ain't above givin' lessons, not 'im. I 'eard 'im say so. I ain't come here to ask for any compliment... ...and if my money's not good enough, I can go elsewhere. Good enough for what? Good enough for you. Now you know, don't ya? I'm come to 'ave lessons. And to pay for 'em, too, make no mistake. Well! And what do you expect me to say? Well, if you was a gentleman, you might ask me to sit down, I think. Don't I tell you I'm bringin' you business? Should we ask this baggage to sit down... ...or shall we just throw her out of the window? I won't be called a baggage. Not when I've offered to pay like any lady. What do you want, my girl? I want to be a lady in a flow'r shop... ...'stead of sellin' at the corner of Tottenham Court Road. But they won't take me unless I can talk more genteel. He said 'e could teach me. Well, 'ere I am ready to pay 'im. Not asking any favor and he treats me as if I was dirt. I know what lessons cost as well as you do and I'm ready to pay. How much? Now you're talkin'. I thought you'd come off it for a chance to get back... ...a bit of what you chucked at me last night. You'd had a drop in, 'adn't you? Sit down. -If you're goin' t' make a compliment of it-- -Sit down! Sit down, girl. Do as you're told. What's your name? Eliza Doolittle. Won't you sit down, Miss Doolittle? I don't mind if I do. How much do you propose to pay me for these lessons? Oh, I know what's right. My lady friend gets French lessons for pence an hour... ...from a real French gentleman. You wouldn't have the face to ask me the same... ...for teachin' me my own language as you would for French. I won't give more than a shillin'. Take it or leave it. Do you know, Pickering, if you think of a shilling... ...not as a simple shilling, but as a percentage of this girl's income... ...it works out as fully equivalent of... ... or pounds from a millionaire. By George, it's enormous. It's the biggest offer I ever had. Sixty pounds? What are you talkin' about? Where would I get pounds? -I never offered you pounds! -Hold your tongue! But I ain't got pounds! Don't cry, silly girl. Sit down. Nobody's going to touch your money. Somebody'll touch you with a broomstick if you don't stop sniveling. Sit down! Anybody'd think you was my father! If I decide to teach you, I'll be worse than two fathers to you. Here. What's this for? To wipe your eyes. To wipe any part of your face that feels moist. Remember, that's your handkerchief and that's your sleeve. Don't confuse one with the other, if you want to become a lady in a shop. It's no use to talk to her like that. She doesn't understand you. Give the 'andkerchief to me. He give it to me, not to you! Higgins, I'm interested. What about your boast... ...you could pass her off as a duchess at the Embassy Ball? I'll say you're the greatest teacher alive if you do that. I'll bet you all the expenses of the experiment that you can't do it. I'll even pay for the lessons. You're real good. Thank ye, Capt'n. It's almost irresistible. She's so deliciously low. So horribly dirty. I ain't dirty! I washed my face an' hands before I come, I did. I'll take it. I'll make a duchess of this draggle-tailed guttersnipe. We'll start today. This moment. Take her away and clean her. Sandpaper, if it won't come off. Is there a fire in the kitchen? Take her clothes off and burn them and order some new ones. Just wrap her in brown paper till they come. You're no gentleman, you're not, to talk o' such things. I'm a good girl, I am. And I know what the likes of you are, I do. We want none of your slum prudery here, young woman. You've got to learn to behave like a duchess. Take her away, Mrs. Pearce. If she gives you any trouble, wallop her. I'll call the police, I will. I've got no place to put her. Well, put her in the dustbin. Come, Higgins, be reasonable. You must be reasonable, Mr. Higgins, you must. You can't walk over everybody like this. I? Walk over everybody? My dear Mrs. Pearce, my dear Pickering, I had no intention of walking over anybody. I merely suggested we should be kind to this poor girl. I didn't express myself clearly because I didn't wish to hurt her delicacy... ...or yours. But, sir, you can't take a girl up like that... ...as if you were picking up a pebble on the beach. Why not? Why not? But you don't know anything about her. What about her parents? She may be married. Garn! There. As the girl very properly says, '\"garn! '\" Who'd marry me? By George, Eliza... ...the streets will be strewn with the bodies of men... ...shooting themselves for your sake before I'm done with you. I'm goin'. He's off his chump, he is. I don't want no balmies teachin' me. Mad? All right, Mrs. Pearce, don't order those new clothes. -Throw her out. -Stop! I won't allow it. Go home to your parents, girl. I ain't got no parents. She ain't got no parents. What's the fuss? Nobody wants her. She's no use to anyone but me. Take her upstairs! What's to become of her? ls she to be paid anything? Do be sensible, sir. What'd she do with money? She'll have food and clothes. She'll drink if you give her money. You are a brute! It's a lie! Nobody ever saw the sign o' liquor on me. Sir, you're a gentleman. Don't let 'im speak to me like that! Does it occur to you, Higgins, the girl has some feelings? No, I don't think so. No feelings we need worry about. Well, have you, Eliza? I got me feelings same as anyone else. Mr. Higgins, I must know on what terms the girl is to be here. What'll become of her when you've finished teaching? You must look ahead a little, sir. What'll become of her if we leave her in the gutter, Mrs. Pearce? That's her own business, not yours, Mr. Higgins. When I'm done, we'll throw her back. Then it'll be her own business again. That'll be all right, won't it? You've no feelin' 'eart in ya! You don't care for nothin' but yourself. I've 'ad enough of this. I'm goin'! You ought to be ashamed of yourself! Have some chocolates, Eliza. 'Ow do I know what might be in 'em? I've 'eard of girls bein' drugged by the likes o' you. Pledge of good faith. I'll take one half. And you take the other. You'll have boxes of them, barrels of them every day. You'll live on them, eh? I wouldn't 've ate it, only I'm too ladylike to take it out o' me mouth. Think of it, Eliza. Think of chocolates, and taxis... ...and gold and diamonds. I don't want no gold and no diamonds. I'm a good girl, I am. Higgins, I really must interfere. Mrs. Pearce is quite right. If this girl will put herself in your hands for six months... ...for an experiment in teaching, she must understand thoroughly what she's doing. You are to stay here for the next six months... ...learning how to speak beautifully like a lady in a florist shop. If you're good and do what you're told, you'll sleep in a proper bedroom... ...have lots to eat, money to buy chocolates and take rides in taxis. But if you are naughty and idle... ...you'll sleep in the kitchen amongst the black beetles... ...and be walloped by Mrs. Pearce with a broomstick. At the end of six months, you shall be taken to Buckingham Palace... ...in a carriage, beautifully dressed. If the king finds out that you are not a lady... ...the police will take you to the Tower of London where your head will be cut off... ...as a warning to other presumptuous flower girls. But if you are not found out, you shall have a present of... ...seven and six to start life with as a lady in a shop. If you refuse this offer... ...you will be the most ungrateful, wicked girl... ...and the angels will weep for you! Are you satisfied, Pickering? I don't understand what you're talking about. Could I put it more plainly or fairly, Mrs. Pearce? Come with me. That's right. Bundle her off to the bathroom. You're a great bully, you are! I won't stay here if I don't like it. I won't let nobody wallop me! Don't answer back, girl. I've always been a good girl, I 'ave. In six months...in three, if she has a good ear and a quick tongue... ...l'll take her anywhere and I'll pass her off as anything. I'll make a queen of that barbarous wretch! I've never had a bath in me life. Not what you'd call a proper one. You know you can't be a nice girl inside if you're dirty outside. I'll have to put you in here. This will be your bedroom. I couldn't sleep in here, missus. It's too good for the likes o' me. I should be afraid to touch anythin'. I ain't a duchess yet, you know. What's this? This where you wash clothes? This is where we wash ourselves, Eliza. And where I'm going to wash you. You expect me to get into that and wet meself all over? Not me! I shall catch me death. Come along now. Come along. Take your clothes off. Come on, girl, do as you're told. Take your clothes off. Here, come on. Help me take these-- Take your hands off me! I'm a good girl, I am! It ain't right! It ain't decent! Get your hands off me! I'm a good girl, I am! Forgive the bluntness, but if I'm to be in this business... ...l shall feel responsible for the girl. I hope it's clearly understood that no advantage is to be taken of her position. What, that thing? Sacred, I assure you. Come now, you know what I mean. This is no trifling matter. Are you a man of good character where women are concerned? Have you ever met a man of good character where women are concerned? Yes, very frequently. I haven't. The moment I let a woman make friends with me... ...she becomes jealous, exacting... ...suspicious and a damned nuisance. The moment that I make friends with a woman I become selfish and tyrannical. So here I am, a confirmed old bachelor and likely to remain so. Well, after all, Pickering.... '\"l'm an ordinary man '\"Who desires nothing more '\"Than just an ordinary chance '\"To live exactly as he likes '\"And do precisely what he wants '\"An average man, am I '\"Of no eccentric whim '\"Who likes to live his life '\"Free of strife '\"Doing whatever he thinks is best for him '\"Oh, just an ordinary man '\"But let a woman in your life '\"And your serenity is through '\"She'll redecorate your home From the cellar to the dome '\"Then go on to the enthralling fun of overhauling you! '\"Let a woman in your life '\"And you are up against a wall '\"Make a plan and you will find She has something else in mind '\"So rather than do either You do something else that neither '\"Likes at all! '\"You want to talk of Keats or Milton '\"She only wants to talk of love '\"You go to see a play or ballet '\"And spend it searching for her glove '\"Let a woman in your life '\"And you invite eternal strife '\"Let them buy their wedding bands '\"For those anxious little hands '\"l'd be equally as willing For a dentist to be drilling '\"Than to ever let a woman in my life! '\"l'm a very gentle man '\"Even-tempered and good-natured Whom you never hear complain '\"Who has the milk of human kindness By the quart in every vein '\"A patient man am I Down to my fingertips '\"The sort who never could Ever would '\"Let an insulting remark escape his lips '\"A very gentle man '\"But let a woman in your life '\"And patience hasn't got a chance '\"She will beg you for advice Your reply will be concise '\"And she'll listen very nicely '\"Then go out and do precisely What she wants! '\"You were a man of grace and polish '\"Who never spoke above a hush '\"Now all at once you're using language '\"That would make a sailor blush '\"Let a woman in your life '\"And you're plunging in a knife! '\"Let the others of my sex '\"Tie the knot around their necks '\"l'd prefer a new edition Of the Spanish lnquisition '\"Than to ever let a woman in my life '\"l'm a quiet-living man '\"Who prefers to spend the evenings '\"ln the silence of his room '\"Who likes an atmosphere as restful '\"As an undiscovered tomb '\"A pensive man am I Of philosophic joys '\"Who likes to meditate, contemplate '\"Free from humanity's mad, inhuman noise '\"A quiet-living man '\"But let a woman in your life '\"And your sabbatical is through '\"ln a line that never ends Come an army of her friends '\"Come to jabber and to chatter And to tell her '\"What the matter is with you! '\"She'll have a booming, boisterous family '\"Who will descend on you en masse '\"She'll have a large, Wagnerian mother '\"With a voice that shatters glass! '\"Let a woman in your life '\"l shall never let a woman... '\"...in my life! '\" Get out of 'ere. Jamie, you get out, too! Come on, Doolittle. And remember, drinks is to be paid for or not drunk. Thanks for your 'ospitality, George. Send the bill to Buckingham Palace. Well, Alfie, there's nothin' else to do. I guess it's back to work. Work! Don't you dare mention that word in my presence again. Look at all these poor blighters down here. I used to do that sort of thing once. Just for exercise. It's not worth it. Takes up your whole day. Don't worry, boys. We'll get outta this somehow. How do you think you'll do that? How? Same as always. Faith, hope and a little bit o' luck. '\"The Lord above gave man an arm of iron '\"So he could do his job and never shirk '\"The Lord above gave man an arm of iron, but '\"With a little bit o' luck With a little bit o' luck '\"Someone else'll do the blinkin' work! '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit o' luck You'll never work '\"The Lord above made liquor for temptation '\"To see if man could turn away from sin '\"The Lord above made liquor for temptation, but '\"With a little bit o' luck With a little bit o' luck '\"When temptation comes you'll give right in. '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit o' luck You'll give right in. '\"Oh, you can walk the straight and narrow '\"But with a little bit o' luck you'll run amuck! '\"The gentle sex was made for man to marry '\"To share his nest and see his food is cooked '\"The gentle sex was made for man to marry, but '\"With a little bit o' luck With a little bit o' luck '\"You can have it all and not get hooked. '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit o' luck You won't get hooked '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit o' bloomin' luck! '\"They're always throwing goodness at you '\"But with a little bit o' luck a man can duck '\"The Lord above made man to 'elp his neighbor '\"No matter where on land, or sea, or foam '\"The Lord above made man to 'elp his neighbor, but '\"With a little bit o' luck With a little bit o' luck '\"When he comes around you won't be home'\" You'd make a good suffragette, Alfie. Why, there's the lucky man now. The Honorable Alfie Doolittle. What are you doing in Eliza's house? Her former residence! You can buy your own drinks now, Alfie Doolittle. Fallen into a tub of butter, you have. What are you talkin' about? Your daughter, Eliza. You're a lucky man, Alfie Doolittle. What about Eliza? He don't know. Her own father an' he don't know. Moved in with a swell, Eliza has. Left here in a taxi all by herself, smart as paint. An' ain't been home for three days. Go on. And this mornin' I gets a message from 'er. She wants her things sent over... ...to A Wimpole Street... ...care of Professor Higgins. An' what things does she want? Her birdcage and her Chinese fan. But she says: '\"Never mind about sending any clothes.'\" I knew she had a career in front of 'er. We're in for a booze-up. The sun is shining on Alfred P. Doolittle. '\"A man was made to 'elp support his children '\"Which is the right and proper thing to do '\"A man was made to 'elp support his children, but '\"With a little bit o' luck With a little bit o' luck '\"They'll go out and start supportin' you '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit o' luck they'll work for you '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit o' bloomin' luck! '\"lt's a crime for a man to go philanderin' '\"And fill his wife's poor 'eart with grief and doubt '\"lt's a crime for a man to go philanderin', but '\"With a little bit o' luck With a little bit o' luck '\"You can see the bloodhounds don't find out! '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit '\"With a little bit o' luck She won't find out! '\"With a little bit o' bloomin' luck! '\" The mail, sir. Pay the bills and say no to the invitations. You simply cannot go on working the girl this way. Making her say her alphabet over and over... ...from sunup to sundown, even during meals. You'll exhaust yourself. When will it stop? When she does it properly, of course. Is that all, Mrs. Pearce? There's another letter from the American millionaire, Ezra D. Wallingford. He still wants you for his Moral Reform League. Throw it away. It's the third letter he's written you. You should at least answer it. All right, leave it on the desk, Mrs. Pearce. I'll try and get to it. If you please, sir. There's a dustman downstairs, Alfred P. Doolittle... ...who wants to see you. He says you have his daughter here. I say! Well, send the blackguard up. He may not be a blackguard, Higgins. Nonsense. Of course he's a blackguard, Pickering. I'm afraid we'll have some trouble with him. No, I think not. Any trouble to be had, he'll have it with me. Not I with him. Doolittle, sir. -Professor Higgins? -Here! Where? Good morning, Governor. I come about a very serious matter, Governor. Brought up in Houndslow. Mother Welsh, I should think. What is it you want, Doolittle? I want my daughter, that's what I want. See? Of course you do. You're her father, aren't you? I'm glad to see you have a spark of family feeling left. She's in there. Yes, take her away at once. What? Take her away. Do you think I am going to keep your daughter for you? Now, is this reasonable, Governor? Is it fairity to take advantage of a man like that? The girl belongs to me. You got 'er. Where do I come in? How dare you come here and attempt to blackmail me! You sent her here on purpose! Don't take a man up like that, Governor. The police shall take you up. This is a plan... ...a plot to extort money by threats. I shall telephone the police. Have I asked you for a brass farthin'? I leave it to this gentleman 'ere. Have I said a word about money? Well, what else did you come for? What would a bloke come for? Be 'uman, Governor. Alfred, you sent her here on purpose. So help me, Governor, I never did. How did you know she was here? I'd tell you, Governor, if you'd let me get a word in. I'm willing to tell ya. I'm wanting to tell ya. I'm waiting to tell ya! You know, Pickering, this chap's got a certain natural gift of rhetoric. Observe the rhythm of his native woodnotes wild. '\"l'm willing to tell you. I'm wanting to tell you. I'm waiting to tell you.'\" That's the Welsh strain in 'im. How did you know Eliza was here if you didn't send 'er? Well, she sent back for her luggage and I got to 'ear about it. She said she didn't want no clothes. What was I to think from that, Governor? I ask you, as a parent, what was I to think? So you came here to rescue her from worse than death, eh? -Yes, sir, Governor. That's right. -Yes. Mrs. Pearce! Eliza's father has come to take her away. Give her to him, will you? Now wait a minute, Governor. Wait a minute. You and me is men o' the world, ain't we? Men of the world, are we? Perhaps you'd better go, Mrs. Pearce. I think so indeed, sir! Here, Governor. I've took a sort of a fancy to you and... ...if you want the girl, I ain't so set on 'avin' her home again... ...but what I might be open to is an arrangement. All I ask is my rights as a father. You're the last man alive to expect me to let her go for nothing. I can see you're a straight sort, Governor. So... ...what's a five pound note to you? An' what's Eliza to me? I think you should know, Doolittle... ...that Mr. Higgins' intentions are entirely honorable. Of course they are, Governor. If I thought they wasn't, I'd ask . You mean, you'd sell your daughter for pounds? Have you no morals, man? No, I can't afford 'em, Governor. Neither could you if you was as poor as me. Not that I mean any 'arm, but... ...if Eliza is gonna have a bit out o' this, why not me, too? Why not? Look at it my way. What am l? I ask ya, what am l? I'm one o' the undeserving poor, that's what I am. Think what that means to a man. It means he's up against middle-class morality for all the time. If there's anything goin' an' I ask for a bit of it, it's always the same story: '\"You're undeservin', so you can't have it.'\" But my needs is as great as the most deservin' widows that ever got money... ...out of six different charities in one week for the death o' the same 'usband. I don't need less than a deservin' man, I need more. I don't eat less 'earty than he does and I drink... ...a lot more. I'm playin' straight with you. I ain't pretendin' to be deservin'. No, I'm undeservin'... ...and I mean to go on bein' undeservin'. I like it an' that's the truth. But will you take advantage of a man's nature... ...do him out of the price of his own daughter, what he's brought up... ...fed and clothed by the sweat of his brow... ...till she's growed big enough to be interestin' to you two gentlemen? Is five pounds unreasonable, I put it to you? And I leave it to you. You know, Pickering, if we took this man in hand for three months... ...he could choose between a seat in the Cabinet and a popular pulpit in Wales. -We'd better give 'im a fiver. -He'll make bad use of it, I'm afraid. Not me, Governor, so 'elp me I won't. Just one good spree for meself an' the missus... ...givin' pleasure to ourselves and employment to others. An' satisfaction to you to know it ain't been throwed away. You couldn't spend it better. This is irresistible. Let's give 'im ten. The missus wouldn't have the 'eart to spend ten. Ten pounds is a lot o' money. Makes a man feel prudent-like, and then goodbye to 'appiness. No, you just give me what I ask, Governor. Not a penny less, not a penny more. I rather draw the line at encouraging this sort of immorality. Why don't you marry that missus of yours? After all, marriage isn't so frightening. You married Eliza's mother. Who told you that, Governor? Well, nobody told me. I concluded, naturally.... If we listen to this man for another minute we'll have no convictions left. -Five pounds, I think you said. -Thank you, Governor. Are you sure you won't have ten? No. No, perhaps another time. I beg your pardon, miss. I won't say those ruddy vowels one more time. Blimey, it's Eliza. I never thought she'd clean up so good-looking. She does me credit, don't she? What are you doin' here? Now, you hold your tongue and don't you give these gentlemen none o' your lip. If you have any trouble with 'er, give 'er a few licks o' the strap. That's the way to improve 'er mind. Well, good morning, gentlemen. Cheerio, Eliza. There's a man for you. A philosophical genius of the first water. Write to Mr. Ezra Wallingford and tell him... ...if he wants a lecturer, to get in touch with Mr. Doolittle... ...a common dustman, one of the most original moralists in England. What did he come for? Say your vowels. I know me vowels. I knew 'em before I come. If you know them, say them. Ahyee, e, iyee, ow, you. A, E, l, O, U. That's what I said. Ahyee, e, iyee, ow, you. That's what I've said for three days an' I won't no more. I know it's difficult, Miss Doolittle, but try to understand. There's no use explaining. As a military man you should know that. Drilling is what she needs. Leave her alone or she'll turn to you for sympathy. Very well, if you insist, but have a little patience with her. Of course. Say '\"A.'\" You ain't got no 'eart, you ain't. I promise you, you'll say your vowels correctly before this day is out... ...or there'll be no lunch, no dinner, and no chocolates. '\"Just you wait, 'Enry 'lggins Just you wait '\"You'll be sorry But your tears will be too late '\"You'll be broke and I'll have money Will I help you? Don't be funny! '\"Just you wait, 'Enry 'lggins Just you wait '\"Just you wait, 'Enry 'lggins Till you're sick '\"And you screams To fetch a doctor double-quick '\"l'll be off a second later And go straight to the theater '\"Ho, ho, ho, 'Enry 'lggins Just you wait! '\"Just you wait Until we're swimmin' in the sea '\"And you get the cramp a little ways from me '\"When you yell you're gonna drown I'll get dressed and go to town '\"Just you wait! '\"One day I'll be famous I'll be proper and prim '\"Go to St. James so often I will call it St. Jim '\"One evening the king will say 'Oh, Liza, old thing '\"'l want all of England your praises to sing '\"'Next week on the th of May '\"'l proclaim Liza Doolittle Day '\"'All the people will celebrate the glory of you '\"'And whatever you wish and want I gladly will do' '\"'Thanks a lot, King,' says I in a manner well-bred '\"'But all I want is 'Enry 'lggins' 'ead' '\"'Done!' '\"Says the king with a stroke '\"'Guard, run and bring in the bloke' '\"Then they'll march you, 'Enry 'lggins, to the wall '\"And the king will tell me: '\"'Liza, sound the call' '\"As they raise their rifles higher '\"l'll shout: 'Ready, aim, fire!' '\"Ho, ho, ho, 'Enry 'lggins, down you go '\"Just you wait! '\" All right, Eliza, say it again. '\"The rine in Spine... '\"...stais minely in the pline.'\" '\"The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.'\" Didn't I saiy that? No, Eliza, you didn't '\"saiy'\" that. You didn't even '\"say'\" that. Every night before you go to bed, where you used to say your prayers... ...l want you to say: '\"The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.'\" Fifty times. You'll get much further with the Lord if you learn not to offend His ears. Now for your '\"H's.'\" Pickering, this is going to be ghastly. Control yourself, Higgins. Give the girl a chance. I suppose you can't expect her to get it right the first time. Come here, Eliza, and watch closely. Now, you see that flame? Every time you pronounce the letter '\"H'\" correctly the flame will waver... ...and every time you drop your '\"H'\" the flame will remain stationary. That's how to know you've done it correctly. In time, your ear will hear the difference. You'll see it better in the mirror. Now listen carefully. '\"ln Hartford, Hereford and Hampshire... '\"...hurricanes hardly ever happen.'\" Now you repeat that after me. '\"ln Hartford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly ever happen.'\" '\"ln 'artford, 'ereford and 'ampshire 'urricanes 'ardly hever 'appen.'\" Oh, no, no! Have you no ear at all? -Should I do it over? -No, please. Start from the very beginning. Just do this. Go on, go on. Does the same thing hold true in lndia? Have they the peculiar habit of not only dropping a letter... ...but using it where it doesn't belong, like '\"hever'\" instead of '\"ever'\"? The girl, Higgins! Go on. Go on. ''Poor Professor Higgins ''Poor Professor Higgins '\"Night and day he slaves away '\"Oh, poor Professor Higgins '\"All day long on his feet '\"Up and down until he's numb '\"Doesn't rest, doesn't eat '\"Doesn't touch a crumb'\" Again, Eliza. How kind of you to let me come. How kind of you to let me come. No. '\"Kind of you.'\" How kind of you to let me come. How kind of you to let me come. Kind of you. It's like '\"cup of tea.'\" Kind of you. Cup of tea. Say, '\"cup of tea.'\" Cuppatea. No. '\"A cup of tea.'\" It's awfully good cake. I wonder where Mrs. Pearce gets it. First rate. And those strawberry tarts are delicious. Did you try the pline cake? Try it again. -Did you try the-- -Pickering! Again, Eliza. Cuppatea. Oh, no. Can't you hear the difference? Look, put your tongue forward until it squeezes on the top of your lower teeth. And then say '\"cup.'\" Then say '\"of.'\" Then say '\"cup, cup, cup, cup, of, of, of, of.'\" By Jove, Higgins, that was a glorious tea. You finish the last strawberry tart. I couldn't eat another thing. -I couldn't touch it. -Shame to waste it. Oh, it won't be wasted. I know somebody who's immensely fond of strawberry tarts. ''Poor Professor Higgins '\"Poor Professor Higgins '\"On he plods against all odds '\"Oh, poor Professor Higgins '\"Nine p.m., ten p.m. '\"On through midnight every night '\"One a.m., two a.m., three....'\" Four. Five. Six marbles. I want you to read this and I want you to enunciate... ...every word just as if the marbles were not in your mouth. '\"With blackest moss, the flower pots... '\"...were thickly crusted, one and all.'\" Each word, clear as a bell. '\"With blackest moss the flower... '\"...pots.'\" I can't! I can't! I say, Higgins, are those pebbles really necessary? If they were necessary for Demosthenes they are necessary for Eliza Doolittle. Go on, Eliza. '\"With the blackest moss the flower pots... '\"...were thickly crusted one and--'\" I can't understand a word, not a word. '\"With blackest moss, the flower pots... '\"...were thickly crusted, one and all.'\" Perhaps the poem is a little too difficult for the girl. Why don't you try something simpler, like The Owl and the Pussycat? Yes, that's a charming one. Pickering, I can't hear a word the girl is saying! What's the matter? I swallowed one. It doesn't matter. I've got plenty more. Open your mouth. One, two.... ''Quit, Professor Higgins '\"Quit, Professor Higgins '\"Hear our plea, or payday we will quit '\"Professor Higgins! '\"'Ay' not 'l', 'O' not 'ow' '\"Pounding, pounding in our brain '\"'Ay' not 'l', 'O' not 'ow' '\"Don't say 'rine' say 'rain''\" '\"The rain in Spain... '\"...stays mainly in the plain.'\" I can't! I'm so tired! I'm so tired. For God's sake, Higgins, it must be : in the morning. Do be reasonable. I am always reasonable. Eliza, if I can go on with a blistering headache, you can. I got a 'eadache, too. I know your head aches. I know you're tired. I know your nerves are as raw as meat in a butcher's window. But think what you're trying to accomplish. Just think what you're dealing with. The majesty and grandeur of the English language.... It's the greatest possession we have. The noblest thoughts that ever flowed through the hearts of men... ...are contained in its extraordinary, imaginative... ...and musical mixtures of sounds. And that's what you've set yourself out to conquer, Eliza. And conquer it you will. Now try it again. '\"The rain in Spain... '\"...stays mainly in the plain.'\" What was that? '\"The rain in Spain... '\"...stays mainly in the plain.'\" Again. '\"The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.'\" I think she's got it. '\"The rain in Spain Stays mainly in the plain '\"By George, she's got it By George, she's got it '\"Now once again Where does it rain? '\"On the plain, on the plain '\"And where's that soggy plain? '\"ln Spain, in Spain '\"The rain in Spain Stays mainly in the plain '\"The rain in Spain Stays mainly in the plain '\"ln Hartford, Hereford and Hampshire '\"Hurricanes hardly happen '\"How kind of you to let me come '\"Now once again Where does it rain? '\"On the plain, on the plain '\"And where's that blasted plain? '\"ln Spain, in Spain '\"The rain in Spain Stays mainly in the plain'\" We're making fine progress, Pickering. I think the time has come to try her out. Are you feeling all right, Mr. Higgins? Yes, I'm feeling fine. How are you? -Very well, thank you. -Good. Let's test her in public and see how she fares. Mr. Higgins, I was awakened by a dreadful pounding. Do you know what it might have been? I didn't hear any pounding. Did you, Pickering? If this goes on, you'd better see a doctor. -I know. We'll take her to the races. -The races? My mother's box at Ascot. -You'll consult your mother first, of course. -Yes, of course. No, I think we'd better surprise her. Now let's go to bed. First thing in the morning, we'll go and buy her a dress. Now get on with your work, Eliza. But, Mr. Higgins, it's early in the morning. What better time to work than early in the morning? Where does one buy a lady's gown? Whitely's, of course. How do you know that? Common knowledge. Let's not buy her anything too flowery. I despise those gowns with weeds here and weeds there. We'll buy something simple and modest... ...and elegant. That's what's called for. Perhaps with a bow. Yes. That's just right. You've all been working too hard. I think the strain is beginning to show. Eliza, I don't care what Mr. Higgins says. You must put down your books and go to bed. '\"Bed! Bed! I couldn't go to bed '\"My head's too light to try to set it down '\"Sleep! Sleep! I couldn't sleep tonight '\"Not for all the jewels in the crown! '\"l could have danced all night '\"l could have danced all night '\"And still have begged for more '\"l could have spread my wings '\"And done a thousand things '\"l've never done before '\"l'll never know what made it so exciting '\"Why all at once my heart took flight '\"l only know when he '\"Began to dance with me '\"l could have danced, danced, danced... '\"...all night! '\" It's after three now. Don't you agree now? She ought to be in bed! '\"l could have danced all night '\"l could have danced all night '\"And still have begged for more '\"l could have spread my wings '\"And done a thousand things '\"l've never done before '\"l'll never know what made it so exciting '\"Why all at once my heart took flight '\"l only know when he '\"Began to dance with me '\"l could have danced, danced, danced... '\"...all night! '\" It's all been grand, dear. But now it's time to sleep! '\"l could have danced all night '\"l could have danced all night '\"And still have begged for more '\"l could have spread my wings '\"And done a thousand things '\"l've never done before '\"l'll never know what made it so exciting '\"Why all at once my heart took flight '\"l only know when he '\"Began to dance with me '\"l could have danced, danced, danced... '\"...all night! '\" '\"Every duke and earl and peer is here '\"Everyone who should be here is here '\"What a smashing, positively dashing '\"Spectacle, the Ascot opening day '\"At the gate are all the horses '\"Waiting for the cue to fly away '\"What a gripping, absolutely ripping '\"Moment at the Ascot opening day '\"Pulses rushing '\"Faces flushing '\"Heartbeats speed up '\"l have never been so keyed up! '\"Any second now '\"They'll begin to run '\"Hark! A bell is ringing '\"They are springing forward. Look! '\"lt has begun '\"What a frenzied moment that was '\"Didn't they maintain an exhausting pace? '\"lt was a thrilling, absolutely chilling '\"Running of the Ascot opening race! '\" A phonetics job. I've picked up a girl. Not a love affair. She's a flower girl. I'm taking her to the annual Embassy Ball but I wanted to try her out first. -I beg your pardon? -Well, you know the Embassy Ball. So I invited her to your box today, do you understand? Common flower girl? I taught her how to speak properly. She has strict instructions as to her behavior. She's to keep to two subjects: the weather and everybody's health. '\"Fine day! '\" and '\"How do you do?'\" Not let herself go on. Help her along. You'll be quite safe. Safe? To talk about one's health in the middle of a race? She's got to talk about something. Where is the girl now? She's being pinned. Some of the clothes we bought her didn't fit. I told Pickering we should have taken her with us. -Mrs. Eynsford-Hill. -Good afternoon, Mrs. Higgins. You know my son, Henry. How do you do? -I've seen you somewhere before. -I don't know. It doesn't matter. You better sit down. Where the devil can they be? Colonel Pickering, you're just in time for tea. Thank you, Mrs. Higgins. May I introduce Miss Eliza Doolittle? My dear Miss Doolittle. How kind of you to let me come. Delighted, my dear. -Lady Boxington. -How do you do? -Lord Boxington. -How do you do? How do you do? -Mrs. Eynsford-Hill, Miss Doolittle. -How do you do? How do you do? And Freddy Eynsford-Hill. How do you do? How do you do? Miss Doolittle. Good afternoon, Professor Higgins. The first race was very exciting, Miss Doolittle. I'm so sorry that you missed it. Will it rain, do you think? '\"The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.'\" '\"But in Hartford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly ever happen.'\" How awfully funny. What is wrong with that, young man? I bet I got it right. Smashing. Has it suddenly turned chilly? I do hope we won't have any unseasonable cold spells. They bring on so much influenza. And the whole of our family is susceptible to it. My aunt died of influenza, so they said. But it's my belief they done the old woman in. Done her in? Yes, Lord love you. Why should she die of influenza... ...when she'd come through diphtheria right enough the year before. Fairly blue with it she was. They all thought she was dead. But my father, he kept ladling gin down her throat. Then she come to so sudden she bit the bowl off the spoon. Dear me! Now what call would a woman with that strength in her... ...have to die of influenza? And what become of her new straw hat that should have come to me? Somebody pinched it. And what I say is: Them 'as pinched it, done her in. Done her in? '\"Done her in,'\" did you say? Whatever does it mean? That's the new small talk. '\"To do somebody in'\" means to kill them. But you surely don't believe your aunt was killed? Do I not? Them she lived with would have killed her for a hatpin, let alone a hat. But it can't have been right for your father... ...to pour spirits down her throat like that. It might have killed her. Not her. Gin was mother's milk to her. Besides, he poured so much down his own throat he knew the good of it. Do you mean that he drank? Drank? My word. Something chronic. Here, what are you sniggering at? The new small talk. You do it so awfully well. Well, if I was doing it proper, what was you sniggering at? Have I said anything I oughtn't? Not at all, my dear. Well, that's a mercy anyhow. I don't know if there's time before the next race to place a bet... ...but come, my dear. I have a bet on number seven. I should be so happy if you would take it. You'll enjoy the race ever so much more. That's very kind of you. His name is Dover. Come along. '\"There they are again '\"Lining up to run '\"Now they're holding steady '\"They are ready for it. Look! '\"lt has begun'\" Come on. Come on, Dover. Come on. Come on, Dover! Come on! Come on, Dover! Move your bloomin' arse! Oh, my dear. You're not serious, Henry. You don't expect to take her to the Embassy Ball. Don't you think she's ready for it? Dear Henry, she's ready for a canal barge. Her language may need a little refining, but-- Really, Henry, if you cannot see how impossible this whole project is... ...then you must be potty about her. I advise you to give up and not put yourself... ...or this poor girl through any more. It's the most fascinating venture I've ever undertaken. Pickering and I are at it from morning till night. It fills our whole lives. Teaching Eliza, talking to Eliza, listening to Eliza, dressing Eliza. You're a pretty pair of babies playing with your live doll. Here's the car. Good evening, sir. -Is dinner ready? I'm famished. -Immediately, sir. Good evening, Professor Higgins. '\"When she mentioned how her aunt bit off the spoon '\"She completely done me in '\"And my heart went on a journey to the moon '\"When she told about her father and the gin '\"And I never saw a more enchanting farce '\"Than the moment when she shouted 'Move your bloomin'--''\" -Yes, sir? -Is Miss Doolittle in? Whom shall I say is calling? Freddy Eynsford-Hill. If she doesn't remember who I am... ...tell her I'm the chap who was '\"sniggering'\" at her. Yes, sir. And will you give her these? Wouldn't you like to come in? They're having dinner, but you may wait in the hall. No, thank you. I want to drink in the street where she lives. '\"l have often walked down this street before '\"But the pavement always stayed beneath my feet before '\"All at once am I several stories high '\"Knowing I'm on the street where you live '\"Are there lilac trees in the heart of town? '\"Can you hear a lark in any other part of town? '\"Does enchantment pour out of every door? '\"No, it's just on the street where you live '\"And, oh, the towering feeling '\"Just to know somehow you are near '\"The overpowering feeling '\"That any second you may suddenly appear '\"People stop and stare, they don't bother me '\"For there's nowhere else on earth that I would rather be '\"Let the time go by '\"l won't care if I '\"Can be here on the street where you live'\" I'm terribly sorry, sir. Miss Doolittle says she doesn't want to see anyone ever again. But why? She was unbelievable. So I've been told, sir. Is there any further message? Tell her that I'll wait. But it might be days, sir, even weeks. But don't you see? I'll be happier here. '\"People stop and stare, they don't bother me '\"For there's nowhere else on earth that I would rather be '\"Let the time go by '\"l won't care if I '\"Can be here on the street where you live'\" It really is, Higgins. It's inhuman to continue. Do you realize what you've got to teach this girl in six weeks? You've got to teach her to walk, talk, address a duke, a lord... ...a bishop, an ambassador. It's absolutely impossible. Higgins, I'm trying to tell you that I want to call off the bet. I know you're a stubborn man, but so am l. This experiment is over. And nothing short of an order from the king could force me to recant. You understand, Higgins? It's over. Higgins, if there's any mishap at the Embassy tonight... ...if Miss Doolittle suffers any embarrassment... ...it'll be on your head alone. Eliza can do anything. Suppose she's discovered? Remember Ascot. Suppose she makes another ghastly mistake? There'll be no horses at the ball, Pickering. Think of how agonizing it would be. If anything happened tonight, I don't know what I'd do. You could always rejoin your regiment. This is no time for flippancy, Higgins. The way you've driven her the last six weeks... ...has exceeded all bounds of common decency. For God's sake, stop pacing. Can't you settle somewhere? Have some port. It'll quieten your nerves. I'm not nervous. -Where is it? -On the piano. The car's here, sir. Good. Tell Miss Doolittle. Tell Miss Doolittle indeed. I'll bet you that damned gown doesn't fit. I warned you about these French designers. We should've gone to an English shop. They would've been on our side. -Have a glass of port? -No, thank you. Are you so sure this girl will retain everything you've hammered into her? Well, we shall see. Suppose she doesn't? I lose my bet. There's one thing I can't stand about you, your confounded complacency. At a moment like this, with so much at stake... ...it's utterly indecent that you don't need a glass of port. And what about the girl? You act as though she doesn't matter at all. Rubbish, Pickering. Of course she matters. What do you think I've been doing all these months? What could possibly matter more than to take a human being... ...and change her into a different human being by creating a new speech for her? It's filling up the deepest gap that separates class from class... ...and soul from soul. Oh, she matters immensely. Miss Doolittle, you look beautiful. Thank you, Colonel Pickering. Don't you think so, Higgins? Not bad. Not bad at all. Maestro! Maestro! Don't you remember me? No. Who the devil are you? I'm your pupil. Your first, your greatest, your best pupil. I'm Zoltan Karpathy, that marvelous boy. I made your name famous throughout Europe. You teach me phonetics. You can't forget me. Why don't you have your hair cut? I don't have your imposing appearance, your figure, your brow. If I had my hair cut, nobody would notice me. Where did you get these old coins? These are decorations for languages. The Queen of Transylvania is here. I'm indispensable to her at these official international parties. I speak languages. I know everyone in Europe. No imposter can escape my detection. Professor Karpathy. The Greek ambassador. Greek, my foot! He pretends not to know English, but he can't deceive me. He's the son of a Yorkshire watchmaker. He speaks English so villainously that he cannot utter a word... ...without betraying his origin. I help him pretend, but make him pay through the nose. I make them all pay. Excuse me, sir, you are wanted upstairs. Her Excellency asked for you. Viscount and Viscountess Saxon. Baron and Baroness of Yorkshire. Sir Guy and Lady Scot-Auckland. The Count and Countess Demereau. The Viscount and Viscountess Hillyard. Mr. and Mrs. Richard Lanser. Lord and Lady Clanders. Miss Eliza Doolittle, Colonel Pickering. Miss Eliza Doolittle. Colonel Pickering. Professor Higgins. -Your Excellency. -Miss Doolittle. How do you do? -Good evening, Colonel. -Good evening. What an enchanting young lady you have with you this evening. Well, who is she? Oh, a cousin of mine. And Higgins. Excuse me. Professor Higgins. Such a faraway look, as if she's always lived in a garden. So she has. A sort of garden. Henry must take Eliza home at once. There's a language expert here. -Sort of, you know, '\"imposterologist.'\" -I beg you pardon? The young lady with Colonel Pickering.... Find out who she is. With pleasure. The whole situation is highly explosive. Tell me, Zoltan, some more about the Greek ambassador. Gladly, but first I would love you to present me to this glorious creature. Does he really come from Yorkshire? Her Majesty, the Queen of Transylvania... ...and His Royal Highness Prince Gregor. Charming. Quite charming. Miss Doolittle, Madam. Miss Doolittle, my son would like to dance with you. Absolutely fantastic. A lot of tomfoolery. It was an immense achievement. Well, Mr. Higgins? A triumph, Mrs. Pearce. A total triumph. Higgins, you were superb, absolutely superb. Tell us the truth now, weren't you a little bit nervous once or twice? Not during the whole evening? Not when I saw we were going to win. I felt like a bear in a cage hanging about. It was an immense achievement. If I hadn't backed myself to do it, I'd have given up two months ago. Absolutely fantastic. Yes, a lot of tomfoolery. Higgins, I salute you. The silly people don't know their own silly business. '\"Tonight, old man, you did it You did it, you did it '\"You said that you would do it And indeed you did '\"l thought that you would rue it I doubted you'd do it '\"But now I must admit it That succeed you did '\"You should get a medal Or be even made a knight '\"Oh, it was nothing, really nothing '\"All alone you hurdled Every obstacle in sight '\"Now wait, now wait Give credit where it's due '\"A lot of the glory goes to you '\"But you're the one who did it Who did it, who did it '\"As sturdy as Gibraltar Not a second did you falter '\"There's no doubt about it '\"You did it! '\"l must have aged a year tonight At times I thought I'd die of fright '\"Never was there a momentary lull '\"Shortly after we came in I saw at once we'd easily win '\"And after that I found it deadly dull '\"You should have heard The 'oohs' and 'aahs' '\"Everyone wondering who she was '\"You'd think they'd never seen a lady before '\"And when the Prince of Transylvania Asked to meet her '\"And gave his arm to lead her to the floor '\"l said to him: 'You did it You did it, you did it' '\"They thought she was ecstatic And so damned aristocratic '\"And they never knew That you... '\"...did it'\" Thank goodness for Zoltan Karpathy. If it hadn't been for him I would've died of boredom. Karpathy? That dreadful Hungarian? Was he there? Yes, he was there all right and up to his old tricks. '\"That blackguard Who uses the science of speech '\"More to blackmail and swindle than teach '\"He made it the devilish business of his '\"To find out who this Miss Doolittle is '\"Every time we looked around There he was '\"That hairy hound from Budapest '\"Never leaving us alone Never have I ever known '\"A ruder pest '\"Finally I decided it was foolish Not to let him have his chance with her '\"So I stepped aside And let him dance with her '\"Oozing charm from every pore He oiled his way around the floor '\"Every trick that he could play He used to strip her mask away '\"And when at last the dance was done He glowed as if he knew he'd won '\"And with a voice too eager And a smile too broad '\"He announced to the hostess That she was a fraud'\" No! '\"'Her English is too good,' he said 'That clearly indicates that she is foreign '\"'Whereas others are instructed ln their native language '\"'English people aren't '\"'Although she may have studied with an expert dialectician and grammarian '\"'l can tell that she was born '\"'Hungarian' '\"Not only Hungarian but of royal blood '\"She is a princess '\"'Her blood,' he said 'ls bluer than the Danube is or ever was '\"'Royalty is absolutely written on her face '\"'She thought I was taken in But actually I never was '\"'How could she deceive Another member of her race? '\"'l know each language on the map' Said he '\"'And she's Hungarian As the first Hungarian Rhapsody''\" '\"Congratulations, Professor Higgins '\"For your glorious victory '\"Congratulations, Professor Higgins '\"You'll be mentioned in history'\" Well, thank God, that's over. Now I can go to bed without dreading tomorrow. -Good night, Mr. Higgins. -Good night, Mrs. Pearce. I think I'll turn in, too. Good night. It's been a great occasion. Good night, Pickering. Mrs. Pearce? Damn, I meant to ask her to give me coffee in the morning instead of tea. Leave a little note for her will you, Eliza. And put out the lights. Must be downstairs. Oh, darn it. I'll leave my head behind one of these days. What the devil have I done with my slippers? Here are your slippers! Take your slippers and may you never have a day's luck with them. What on earth? What's the matter? Is anything wrong? No, nothing's wrong with you. I won your bet for you, haven't l? That's enough for you! I don't matter, I suppose? You won my bet? You presumptuous insect! I won it! Why did you throw the slippers at me? Because I wanted to smash your face. I could kill you, you selfish brute! Why didn't you leave me where you picked me up? You thank God it's all over. Now you can throw me back again! Do you? Oh, so the creature's nervous after all? Claws in, you cat! How dare you show your temper to me? Sit down and be quiet! What's to become of me? How do I know what's to become of you? What does it matter? You don't care. I know you don't care. You wouldn't care if I was dead. I'm nothing to you. Not as much as them slippers. Those slippers! Those slippers! I didn't think it meant any difference now. Why have you suddenly begun going on like this? May I ask if you complain of your treatment here? No. Has anybody behaved badly? Colonel Pickering, Mrs. Pearce? No. Well you don't pretend that I have treated you badly? No. Well, I'm glad to hear that. Perhaps you're tired after the strain of the day. Would you have a chocolate? No, thank you. Well, it's only natural that you should be anxious, but it's all over now. Nothing more to worry about. No, nothing more for you to worry about. Oh, God, I wish I was dead. Why? ln heaven's name, why? Now listen to me, Eliza. All this irritation is purely subjective. I don't understand. I'm too ignorant. It's just imagination. Nothing's wrong. Nobody's hurting you. Go to bed and sleep it off. Have a little cry and say your prayers. You'll feel very much more comfortable. I heard your prayers. '\"Thank God it's all over.'\" Don't you thank God it's all over? Now you're free, and you can do what you like. Oh, what am I fit for? What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? And what's to become of me? That's what's worrying you, is it? I wouldn't worry about that if I were you. I'm sure you won't have any difficulty in settling yourself somewhere or other. I didn't quite realize you were going away. You might marry, you know. You see, Eliza, all men are not confirmed old bachelors like me and the Colonel. Most men are the marrying sort, poor devils. You're not bad-looking. You're really quite a pleasure to look at sometimes. Not now, when you've been crying. You look like the very devil, but... ...when you're all right and quite yourself you're what I would call attractive. Go to bed, have a good rest, get up in the morning... ...and have a look at yourself in the glass. You won't feel so bad. I daresay, my mother might find some fellow or other who would do very well. We were above that at Covent Garden. What do you mean? I sold flowers, I didn't sell myself. Now you've made a lady of me, I'm not fit to sell anything else. Oh, tosh, Eliza. Don't insult human relations... ...by dragging all that cant about buying and selling into it. Don't marry the fellow if you don't want to. What else am I to do? Oh, there are lots of things. What about the old idea of a florist shop? I'm sure Pickering'd set you up in one. He's got lots of money. He'll pay for all those togs you're wearing. And that with the hire of the jewelry'll make a big hole in pounds. Come on now. You'll be all right. Well, I must be off to bed. I'm really devilish sleepy. I was looking for something. What was it? Your slippers. Oh, yes, of course. You shied them at me. Before you go, sir. Do my clothes belong to me or to Colonel Pickering? What the devil use would they be to Pickering? Why bother about that in the middle of the night? What may I take away with me? I don't want to be accused of stealing. Stealing? You shouldn't have said that. That shows a want of feeling. I'm sorry. I'm a common, ignorant girl and in my station I have to be careful. There can't be any feelings between the likes of you and the likes of me. Please, will you tell me what belongs to me and what doesn't? Take the whole damned houseful if you want. Except the jewelry. That's hired. Will that satisfy you? Stop, please. Will you take these to your room and keep them safe? I don't want to run the risk of them being missed. Hand them over! lf these belonged to me and not the jeweler, I'd... ...l'd ram them down your ungrateful throat. The ring isn't the jeweler's. It's the one you bought me in Brighton. I don't want it now. Don't you hit me! Hit you? You infamous creature! How dare you suggest such a thing! It's you who've hit me. You've wounded me to the heart. I'm glad. I've got a little of my own back anyhow. You've caused me to lose my temper. That's hardly happened to me before. I don't wish to discuss it further tonight. I'm going to bed. Leave your own note for Mrs. Pearce about the coffee... ...for it won't be done by me! Damn Mrs. Pearce, damn the coffee and damn you! Damn my own folly for having lavished my hard-earned knowledge... ...and the treasure of my regard and intimacy on a heartless guttersnipe! '\"Just you wait, 'Enry 'lggins Just you wait! '\"You'll be sorry But your tears will be too late '\"You will be the one it's done to '\"And you'll have no one to run to '\"Just you wait'\" '\"l have often walked down this street before '\"But the pavement always stayed beneath my feet before '\"All at once am I several stories high '\"Knowing I'm on the street where you live '\"Are there lilac trees in the heart of town? '\"Can you hear a lark in any other part of town? '\"Does enchantment pour out of every door? '\"No, it's just on the street where you live '\"And, oh, the towering feeling '\"Just to know somehow you are near '\"The overpowering feeling '\"That any second you may suddenly appear '\"People stop and stare, they don't....'\" Darling. Freddy, whatever are you doing here? Nothing. I spend most of my nights here. It's the only place where I'm happy. Don't laugh at me, Miss Doolittle. Don't you call me '\"Miss Doolittle,'\" do you hear? Eliza's good enough for me. Freddy, you don't think I'm a heartless guttersnipe, do you? Darling, how could you imagine such a thing? You know how I feel. I've written two and three times a day telling you. Sheets and sheets. '\"Speak, and the world is full of singing '\"And I am winging higher than the birds '\"Touch, and my heart begins to crumble '\"The heavens tumble Darling, and I'm--'\" '\"Words, words, words I'm so sick of words '\"l get words all day through First from him, now from you '\"ls that all you blighters can do? '\"Don't talk of stars burning above '\"lf you're in love, show me '\"Tell me no dreams filled with desire '\"lf you're on fire, show me '\"Here we are together ln the middle of the night '\"Don't talk of spring Just hold me tight '\"Anyone who's ever been in love'll Tell you that '\"This is no time for a chat '\"Haven't your lips longed for my touch? '\"Don't say how much, show me '\"Show me '\"Don't talk of love lasting through time '\"Make me no undying vow '\"Show me now '\"Sing me no song, read me no rhyme '\"Don't waste my time, show me '\"Don't talk of June, don't talk of fall '\"Don't talk at all, show me '\"Never do I ever want to hear another word '\"There isn't one I haven't heard '\"Here we are together in what ought to be a dream '\"Say one more word and I'll scream '\"Haven't your arms hungered for mine? '\"Please don't explain, show me '\"Show me '\"Don't wait until wrinkles and lines '\"Pop out all over my brow '\"Show me now! '\" -Where are you going? -To the river. -What for? -To make a hole in it. Eliza, darling, what do you mean? Taxi! -But I've no money. -I have. -Where are we going? -Where I belong. Darling, shall I come with you? ''With one enormous chair ''Oh, wouldn't it be loverly? ''Lots of chocolate for me to eat ''Lots of coal makin' lots of 'eat ''Warm face, warm 'ands, warm feet ''Oh, wouldn't it be loverly?'' Buy a flower, miss? Yes, please. Good morning, miss. Can I help you? Do you mind if I warm my hands? Go right ahead, miss. Excuse me. For a second I thought you were somebody else. Who? Forgive me, ma'am. Early morning light playing tricks with my eyes. Can I get you a taxi? A lady shouldn't be walkin' alone... ...around London this hour of the morning. No, thank you. ''Someone's head restin' on my knee ''Warm and tender as he can be ''Who takes good care of me ''Oh, wouldn't it... ''...be loverly? ''Loverly '' Do come again, Mr. Doolittle. We value your patronage always. Thank you, my good man. Thank you. Here. Come 'ere. Take the missus on a trip to Brighton with my compliments. Thank you, Mr. Doolittle. Jolly spot this, Harry. We must visit it more often. Father? Oh, no. You see, Harry, he has no mercy. Sent her down to spy on me in me misery, he did. Me own flesh and blood. Well, I'm miserable, all right. You can tell him that straight. What are you talking about? What are you dressed up for? As if you didn't know. Go on back to that Wimpole Street devil. Tell him what he's done to me. What's he done to you? Ruined me, that's all. Tied me up and delivered me into the hands of middle-class morality. And don't you defend him. Was it 'im or was it not 'im wrote to an old American blighter named Wallingford... ...who was giving $ to found Moral Reform societies... ...to tell him the most original moralist in England was Mr. Alfred P. Doolittle... ...a common dustman? Sounds like one of his jokes. You may call it a joke. It's put the lid on me. Proper. The old bloke died and left me pounds a year in his bloomin' will. Who asked him to make a gentleman outta me? I was 'appy. I was free. I touched pretty nigh everyone for money when I wanted it, same as I touched him. Now I'm tied neck and 'eels and everybody touches me. A year ago I 'adn't a relation in the world... ...except one or two who wouldn't speak to me. Now I've . Not a decent week's wages amongst the lot of them. I have to live for others now, not for meself. Middle-class morality. Come on, Alfie, in a few hours we have to be at the church. -Church? -Yeah, church. The deepest cut of all. Why do you think I'm dressed up like a ruddy pallbearer? Your stepmother wants to marry me. Now I'm respectable, she wants to be respectable. If that's the way you feel, why don't you give the money back? That's the tragedy of it, Eliza. It's easy to say chuck it... ...but I 'aven't the nerve. We're all intimidated. That's what we are, intimidated. Bought up. Yeah. That's what I am. That's what your precious professor's brought me to. Not my precious professor. Oh, sent you back, 'as he? First he shoves me in the middle-class, then he chucks you out for me to support. That's all part of his plan... ...but you double-cross him. Don't you come back home to me. Don't you take tuppence from me. You stand on your own two feet. You're a lady now, you can do it. Yeah, that's right, Eliza. You're a lady now. It's getting awfully cold in that taxi. Here, Eliza, would you like to come and see me turned off this morning? St. George's, Hanover Square, : . I wouldn't advise it, but you're welcome. No, thank you, Dad. Are you all finished here, Eliza? Yes, Freddy, I'm all finished here. Good luck, Dad. Thank you, Eliza. Come along, Alfie. How much time have I got left? '\"There's just a few more hours '\"That's all the time you've got '\"A few more hours '\"Before they tie the knot'\" There's drinks and girls all over London. And I gotta track 'em down in just a few more hours. Set 'em up, me darlin'. '\"l'm gettin' married in the mornin' '\"Ding dong, the bells are gonna chime '\"Pull out the stopper Let's have a whopper '\"But get me to the church on time '\"l got to be there in the mornin' '\"Spruced up and looking in me prime '\"Girls, come and kiss me Show how you'll miss me '\"But get me to the church on time '\"lf I am dancin' Roll up the floor '\"lf I am whistlin' Me out the door '\"For I'm getting married in the mornin' '\"Ding dong, the bells are gonna chime '\"Kick up a rumpus But don't lose the compass '\"And get me to the church '\"For God's sake Get me to the church... '\"...on time '\"l'm gettin' married in the mornin' '\"Ding dong, the bells are gonna chime '\"Some bloke who's able Lift up the table '\"But get me to the church on time '\"lf I am flyin' Then shoot me down '\"lf I am wooin' Get her out of town '\"For I'm getting married in the mornin' '\"Ding dong, the bells are gonna chime '\"Feather and tar me Call out the Army '\"But get me to the church '\"Get me to the church '\"For God's sake Get me to the church... '\"...on time '\"He's gettin' married in the mornin' '\"Ding dong, the bells are gonna chime '\"Come on, pull out the stopper Let's have a whopper '\"But get me to the church on time '\"He's got to be there in the mornin' '\"Spruced up and lookin' in his prime '\"Girls, come and kiss me Show how you'll miss me '\"But get me to the church on time '\"lf I am dancin' Roll up the floor '\"lf I am whistlin' Me out the door '\"Drug me or jail me Stamp me and mail me '\"But get me to the church '\"Get him to the church '\"For God's sake Get me to the church on time '\"Girls come and kiss him Show how they miss him '\"But get him to the church on time '\"Kick up a rumpus But don't lose the compass '\"And get him to the church on time '\"lf I am flyin' Then shoot me down '\"lf I am wooin' Get her out of town '\"He's gettin' married in the mornin' '\"Ding dong, the bells are gonna chime '\"Some bloke who's able Lift up the table '\"But get me to the church on time '\"Starlight is reelin' Home to bed now '\"Mornin' is smearin' up the sky '\"London is wakin' '\"Daylight is breakin' '\"Good luck, old chum '\"Good health '\"Goodbye '\"l'm gettin' married in the mornin' '\"Ding dong, the bells are gonna chime '\"Hail and salute me Then haul off and boot me '\"But get him to the church Get him to the church '\"For God's sake Get him to the church... '\"...on time'\" Didn't she say where to send her clothes? I told you, sir, she took them all with her. Here's a confounded thing. Eliza's bolted. Last night Mrs. Pearce let her go without telling me about it! What'll I do? I got tea this morning instead of coffee. I don't know where anything is, what my appointments are. -Eliza'd know. -Damn it, she's gone! Did either of you frighten her last night? We hardly said a word to her. You were there. Did you bully her after I went to bed? She threw the slippers at me. I never gave her the slightest provocation. The slippers came at my head before I uttered a word. She used the most disgraceful language. I was shocked! I don't understand. We always gave her every consideration. She admitted it. I'm dashed! Pickering, for God's sake, stop being dashed and do something! Phone the police. What are they there for? You can't give Eliza's name to the police... ...as if she were a thief or a lost umbrella. But why not? I want to find the girl. She belongs to me. I paid five pounds for her. Quite right. Hello. Scotland Yard, please? Get me some coffee, would you please? Scotland Yard? This is Colonel Pickering speaking. A Wimpole Street. I want to report a missing person. Miss Eliza Doolittle. About . I should say about foot . Her eyes? Let me think now. Her eyes.... -Brown. -Brown. Her hair? Good Lord. Sort of a nondescript neutral sort of-- Brown, brown, brown! You heard what he said? Brown, brown, brown, yes. No. This is her residence. A-- Yes, about between : and : this morning, I understand. No.... She's no relation, no. Well, let's call her a good friend, shall we? I beg your pardon? Listen to me, I don't like the tenor of that question. What the girl does here is our affair. Your affair is to get her back so she can continue doing it. Well, I'm dashed! '\"What in heaven could have prompted her to go? '\"After such a triumph at the ball '\"What could have depressed her? '\"What could have possessed her? I cannot understand the wretch at all'\" Higgins, I have an old school chum at the Home Office. Perhaps he could help. Think I'll give him a ring. Whitehall: please. '\"Women are irrational That's all there is to that '\"Their heads are full of Cotton, hay and rags '\"They're nothing but exasperating lrritating, vacillating, calculating '\"Agitating, maddening And infuriating hags'\" I want to speak to Mr. Brewster Budgin, please. Yes, I'll wait. Pickering, why can't a woman be more like a man? I beg your pardon? Yes, why can't a woman be more like a man? '\"Men are so honest, so thoroughly square '\"Eternally noble, historically fair '\"Who, when you win Will always give your back a pat? '\"Why can't a woman be like that? '\"Why does every one do What the others do? '\"Can't a woman learn to use her head? '\"Why do they do everything Their mothers do? '\"Why don't they grow up Well, like their father instead? '\"Why can't a woman take after a man? '\"Men are so pleasant, so easy to please '\"Whenever you're with them You're always at ease '\"Would you be slighted lf I didn't speak for hours? '\"Would you be livid lf I had a drink or two? '\"Would you be wounded lf I never sent you flowers? '\"Well, why can't a woman be like you? '\"One man in a million may shout a bit '\"Now and then There's one with slight defects '\"One perhaps whose truthfulness You doubt a bit '\"But by and large We are a marvelous sex '\"Why can't a woman take after a man? '\"Cause men are so friendly Good-natured and kind '\"A better companion You never will find '\"lf I were hours late for dinner Would you bellow? '\"lf I forgot your silly birthday Would you fuss? '\"Would you complain lf I took out another fellow? '\"Well, why can't a woman be like us?'\" Is Mr. Brewster Budgin there? Bruzzie, you'll never guess who this is. You're quite right, it is. Good heavens. By George, what a memory. How are you, Bruzzie? Nice to hear your voice. What? You don't say. Has it really been years, Bruzzie? Right. Yes, oceans of water. Listen, Bruzzie, I'll tell you why I rang up. Something rather unpleasant has happened. Could I come and see you? I could, yes. Now, straight away? Right. Good. Thank you. Goodbye, Bruzzie. Thank you very much. Mrs. Pearce, I'm going along to the Home Office. I do hope you find her, Colonel Pickering. Mr. Higgins will miss her. Mr. Higgins will miss her, eh? Blast Mr. Higgins, I'll miss her! -Mrs. Pearce? -Yes, sir. Where's the Colonel? He's gone to the Home Office, sir. There you are. I'm disturbed and he runs for help. Now there's a good fellow. Mrs. Pearce, you're a woman. '\"Why can't a woman be more like a man? '\"Men are so decent Such regular chaps '\"Ready to help you Through any mishaps '\"Ready to buck you up Whenever you are glum '\"Why can't a woman be a chum? '\"Why is thinking Something women never do? '\"And why is logic never even tried? '\"Straightening up their hair ls all they ever do '\"Why don't they straighten up The mess that's inside? '\"Why can't a woman behave like a man? '\"lf I was a woman Who'd been to a ball '\"Been hailed as a princess By one and by all '\"Would I start weeping Like a bathtub overflowing? '\"Or carry on as if my home were in a tree? '\"Would I run off And never tell me where I'm going? '\"Why can't a woman be like me?'\" You mean that after you'd done this wonderful thing for them... ...without making a mistake... ...they just sat there and never said a word? Never petted you, or admired you, or told you how splendid you'd been? Not a word. They just congratulated each other on how marvelous they'd been. The next moment, how glad they were it was all over... ...and what a bore it had all been. This is appalling. I should not have thrown my slippers at him. I should have thrown the fire irons. Who's that? Henry. I knew it wouldn't be too long. Now, remember... ...you not only danced with a prince last night, you behaved like a princess. Mother, the most confounded thing.... Do you-- You! Good afternoon, Professor Higgins. Are you quite well? Of course you are. You are never ill. Would you care for some tea? Don't you dare try that game on me. I taught it to you. Get up, come home and stop being a fool. You've caused me enough trouble. Very nicely put indeed, Henry. No woman could resist such an invitation. How did this baggage get here? Eliza came to see me this morning and I was delighted to have her. If you don't promise to behave yourself I'll ask you to leave. I'm to put on my Sunday manners for this... ...thing that I created out of the squashed cabbage leaves of Covent Garden? That's precisely what I mean. I'll see her damned first. However did you learn good manners with my son around? It was very difficult. I should never have known how ladies and gentlemen behave... ...if it hadn't been for Colonel Pickering. He showed me that he felt and thought about me... ...as if I were something better than a common flower girl. You see, Mrs. Higgins, apart from the things one can pick up... ...the difference between a lady and a flower girl isn't how she behaves... ...but how she is treated. I'll always be a flower girl to Professor Higgins... ...because he always treats me as a flower girl and always will. I'll always be a lady to Colonel Pickering... ...because he always treats me as a lady and always will. Henry, don't grind your teeth. The bishop is here. Shall I show him into the garden? The bishop and the professor? Good heavens, no! I should be excommunicated. I'll see him in the library. Eliza, if my son starts breaking up things... ...l give you full permission to have him evicted. Henry, I suggest you stick to two subjects: the weather and your health. You've had a bit of your own back, as you say. Have you had enough and will you be reasonable or do you want any more? You want me back to pick up your slippers... ...and put up with your tempers and fetch and carry for you. I didn't say I wanted you back at all. Then what are we talking about? Well, about you, not about me. If you come back you'll be treated as you always have. I can't change my nature or my manners. My manners are exactly the same as Colonel Pickering's. That's not true. He treats a flower girl as if she were a duchess. I treat a duchess as if she was a flower girl. I see. The same to everybody. The great secret is not a question of good manners... ...or bad manners or any particular sort of manner... ...but having the same manner for all human souls. The question is not whether I treat you rudely... ...but whether you've ever heard me treat anyone else better. I don't care how you treat me. I don't mind your swearing at me. I shouldn't mind a black eye. I've had one before this. But I won't be passed over! Get out of my way, for I won't stop for you. You talk about me as though I was a motorbus. So you are a motorbus. All bounce and go and no consideration for anybody. But I can get along without you. Don't you think I can't! I know you can. I told you, you could. You've never wondered, I suppose, whether... ...whether I could get along without you? Don't you try to get around me. You'll have to. So I can, without you or any soul on earth. I shall miss you, Eliza. I've learned something from your idiotic notions. I confess that humbly and gratefully. Well, you have my voice on your gramophone. When you feel lonely without me you can turn it on. It has no feelings to hurt. Well, I can't turn your soul on. You are a devil! You can twist the heart in a girl just as easily... ...as some can twist her arms to hurt her. What am I to come back for? For the fun of it. That's why I took you on. You may throw me out tomorrow if I don't do everything you want. Yes. And you may walk out tomorrow if I don't do everything you want. And live with my father? Yes, or sell flowers. Would you rather marry Pickering? I wouldn't marry you if you asked me and you're nearer my age then what he is. -Than he is. -I'll talk as I like, you're not my teacher. That's not what I want and don't you think it is. I've always had chaps enough wanting me that way. Freddy Hill writes me twice and three times a day. Sheets and sheets. In short, you want me to be as infatuated about you as he is, is that it? No, I don't. That's not the sort of feeling I want from you. I want a little kindness. I know I'm a common, ignorant girl, and you're a book-learned gentleman... ...but I'm not dirt under your feet. What I done...what I did was not for the taxis and the dresses... ...but because we were pleasant together and I come to...came... ...to care for you. Not to want you to make love to me... ...and not forgetting the difference between us, but... ...more friendly like. Well, of course. That's how I feel. And how Pickering feels. Eliza, you're a fool! That's not the proper answer. It's the only answer till you stop being an idiot. To be a lady, you must stop feeling neglected... ...if men don't spend half their time sniveling over you... ...and the other half giving you black eyes. You find me cold, unfeeling, selfish, don't you? Off with you to the sort of people you like. Marry a sentimental hog with lots of money... ...and thick lips to kiss you, and thick boots to kick you. If you can't appreciate what you have, then get what you can appreciate. I can't talk to you. You always turn everything against me. I'm always in the wrong. Don't be too sure you have me under your feet... ...to be trampled on and talked down. I'll marry Freddy, I will, as soon as I'm able to support him. The poor devil who couldn't get a job as an errand boy... ...even if he had the guts to try? Don't you understand? I have made you a consort for a king! Freddy loves me. That makes him king enough for me. I don't want him to work. He wasn't brought up to do it as I was. I'll go and be a teacher. What'll you teach, in heaven's name? What you taught me. I'll teach phonetics. I'll offer myself as an assistant to that brilliant Hungarian. What, that imposter? That humbug? That toadying ignoramus? Teach him my methods, my discoveries? You take one step in that direction, I'll wring your neck! Wring away! What do I care? I knew you'd strike me one day. That's done you, 'Enry 'lggins, it 'as. Now, I don't care for your bullyin' an' your big talk. '\"What a fool I was '\"What a dominated fool '\"To think you were the earth and sky '\"What a fool I was '\"What an addle-pated fool '\"What a mutton-headed dolt was I '\"No, my reverberating friend '\"You are not the beginning and the end'\" You impudent hussy! There's not an idea in your head or a word in your mouth that I haven't put there. '\"There'll be spring every year without you '\"England still will be here without you '\"There'll be fruit on the tree And a shore by the sea '\"There'll be crumpets and tea without you '\"Art and music will thrive without you '\"Somehow Keats will survive without you '\"And there still will be rain On that plain down in Spain '\"Even that will remain without you '\"l can do... '\"...without you '\"You, dear friend '\"Who talk so well '\"You can go to '\"Hartford, Hereford and Hampshire '\"They can still rule the land without you '\"Windsor Castle will stand without you '\"And without much ado We can all muddle through '\"Without you! '\" You brazen hussy! '\"Without your pulling it the tide comes in '\"Without your twirling it the earth can spin '\"Without your pushing them the clouds roll by '\"lf they can do without you, Ducky, So can I '\"l shall not feel alone without you '\"l can stand on my own without you '\"So go back in your shell I can do bloody well--'\" '\"By George, I really did it I did it, I did it '\"l said I'd make a woman and indeed I did '\"l knew that I could do it I knew it, I knew it '\"l said I'd make a woman and succeed I did'\" Eliza, you're magnificent. Five minutes ago you were a millstone around my neck... ...and now you're a tower of strength. A consort battleship. I like you this way. Goodbye, Professor Higgins. You shall not be seeing me again. Mother! What is it, Henry? What's happened? She's gone. Well, of course, dear. What did you expect? What am I to do? Do without, I suppose. And so I shall. If the Higgins' oxygen burns up her little lungs... ...let her seek some stuffiness that suits her. She's an owl sickened by a few days of my sunshine. Let her go. I can do without her. I can do without anyone. I have my own soul! My own spark of divine fire! Bravo, Eliza. '\"Damn, damn, damn, damn '\"l've grown accustomed to her face '\"She almost makes the day begin '\"l've grown accustomed to the tune That she whistles night and noon '\"Her smiles, her frowns Her ups, her downs '\"Are second nature to me now '\"Like breathing out and breathing in '\"l was serenely independent and content Before we met '\"Surely I could always be that way again '\"And yet I've grown Accustomed to her looks '\"Accustomed to her voice '\"Accustomed to her face'\" Marry Freddy. What an infantile idea. What a heartless, wicked, brainless thing to do. But she'll regret it. She'll regret it. It's doomed before they even take the vow! '\"l can see her now Mrs. Freddy Eynsford-Hill '\"ln a wretched little flat above a store '\"l can see her now, not a penny in the till '\"And a bill collector beating at the door '\"She'll try to teach the things I taught her '\"And end up selling flowers instead '\"Begging for her bread and water '\"While her husband has his breakfast in bed '\"ln a year or so when she's prematurely gray '\"And the blossom in her cheek has turned to chalk '\"She'll come home and lo he'll have upped and run away '\"With a social-climbing heiress from New York '\"Poor Eliza '\"How simply frightful '\"How humiliating '\"How delightful '\"How poignant it will be On that inevitable night '\"When she hammers on my door ln tears and rags '\"Miserable and lonely Repentant and contrite '\"Will I take her in Or hurl her to the wolves? '\"Give her kindness Or the treatment she deserves? '\"Will I take her back Or throw the baggage out? '\"Well, I'm a most forgiving man '\"The sort who never could, ever would '\"Take a position and staunchly never budge '\"A most forgiving man '\"But I shall never take her back '\"lf she were crawling on her knees '\"Let her promise to atone Let her shiver, let her moan '\"l'll slam the door And let the hellcat freeze'\" Marry Freddy. '\"But I'm so used to hear her say '\"'Good morning' every day '\"Her joys, her woes '\"Her highs, her lows '\"Are second nature to me now '\"Like breathing out and breathing in '\"l'm very grateful she's a woman And so easy to forget '\"Rather like a habit one can always break '\"And yet I've grown Accustomed to the trace '\"Of something in the air '\"Accustomed to her face'\" Oh, we are proud. He ain't above givin' lessons, not 'im. I 'eard 'im say so. I ain't come here to ask for any compliment... ...and if my money's not good enough, I can go elsewhere. Good enough for what? Good enough for you. Now you know, don't ya? I'm come to 'ave lessons. And to pay for 'em, too... ...make no mistake. What do you want, my girl? I want to be a lady in a flow'r shop, 'stead o' sellin'... ...at the corner of Tottenham Court Road. But they won't take me unless I can talk more genteel. He said he could teach me. Well, 'ere I am ready to pay. Not askin' any favor, and he treats me as if I was dirt. I know what lessons cost as well as you do and I'm ready to pay. I won't give more than a shillin'. Take it or leave it. It's almost irresistible. She's so deliciously low. So horribly dirty. I'll take it. I'll make a duchess of this draggle-tailed guttersnipe. I washed my face and 'ands before I come, I did. Where the devil are my slippers?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298091888427734, "source": "search", "title": "My Fair Lady Script - transcript from the screenplay and ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Frogs legs", "passage": "A 1987 home video release of this film in the United Kingdom lasted a few minutes longer than in America. Some of the extra scenes included a slightly longer comedy club performance from Fozzie including a longer dance number with Kermit, a short opening and closing speech from Doc Hopper on his French Fried Frogs Legs commercial, a longer conversation between Doc Hopper and Max before they encountered Kermit and Fozzie in the rainbow-painted Studebaker, Dr. Teeth gives a more in-depth reading from the script, and an extra verse of \" I Hope That Something Better Comes Along .\" Also in this version of the film, a different instrumental track is used for Never Before, and the Muppets' conversations during the end credits can be heard more clearly over a quieter, and different closing theme. These extra scenes were also available for the German dub Muppet Movie when it first aired on TV in the mid-1990s, but were later removed when the movie was released on VHS and DVD.", "precise_score": 0.7985203266143799, "rough_score": 4.67283821105957, "source": "search", "title": "The Muppet Movie - Muppet Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Frog legs", "passage": "Doc Hopper is the owner of Doc Hopper's French Fried Frog Legs , a fast food chain, in The Muppet Movie . He is also the main antagonist of the film.", "precise_score": 5.171710014343262, "rough_score": 6.1419548988342285, "source": "search", "title": "Doc Hopper - Disney Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Frog legs", "passage": "An American and British venture produced by Henson Associates and ITC Entertainment between the third and fourth seasons of The Muppet Show, the film depicts Kermit the Frog as he embarks on a cross-country trip to Hollywood, California. Along the way, he encounters several of the Muppets—who all share the same ambition of finding success in professional show business—while being pursued by Doc Hopper, a relentless restaurateur with intentions of employing Kermit as a spokesperson for his frog legs business.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1105761528015137, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Muppet Movie" }, { "answer": "Frog legs", "passage": "In the film-within-a-film, Kermit the Frog enjoys a relaxing afternoon in a Florida swamp, strumming his banjo and singing \"Rainbow Connection\", when he is approached by Bernie, a Hollywood agent who encourages Kermit to pursue a career in show business. Inspired by the idea of \"making millions of people happy\", Kermit sets off on a cross-country trip to Los Angeles, but is soon pursued by entrepreneur Doc Hopper and his shy assistant Max in an attempt to convince Kermit to be the new spokesman of his struggling French-fried frog legs restaurant franchise, to Kermit's horror. As Kermit continuously declines Doc's offers, Hopper resorts to increasingly vicious means of persuasion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.232466220855713, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Muppet Movie" }, { "answer": "Frog legs", "passage": "As the story opens, Kermit is enjoying a relaxing afternoon in the swamp, singing a tune and strumming his banjo, when he is approached by an agent who recognizes his talents and encourages Kermit to pursue a career in Hollywood. Inspired by the idea of making millions of people happy, Kermit sets off on his trusty bicycle . Almost immediately, he is pursued by the conniving Doc Hopper ( Charles Durning ), owner of a struggling french-fried frog legs restaurant franchise who has set his sights on Kermit as a potential new mascot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8556743860244751, "source": "search", "title": "The Muppet Movie - Muppet Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Frog legs", "passage": "Talk:Doc Hopper's Frog Legs | Muppet Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6785940527915955, "source": "search", "title": "Talk:Doc Hopper's Frog Legs - Muppet Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Frog legs", "passage": "Talk:Doc Hopper's Frog Legs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.455848693847656, "source": "search", "title": "Talk:Doc Hopper's Frog Legs - Muppet Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Frog legs", "passage": "In both photos, the name of the restaurant is \"Doc Hopper's Frog Legs\". Should we change the article title? -- Danny ( talk ) 19:14, 16 December 2006 (UTC)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5165677070617676, "source": "search", "title": "Talk:Doc Hopper's Frog Legs - Muppet Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Frog legs", "passage": "While living the quiet life in a swamp, Kermit the Frog is approached by a Hollywood agent to audition for the chance of a lifetime. So Kermit takes this chance for his big break as he makes the journey to Hollywood. Along the way, Kermit comes across several quirky new friends including comedic Fozzie Bear, beautiful but feisty Miss Piggy and the Great Gonzo. But Kermit must also watch out for ruthless Doc Hopper, who plans to use him as his spokesman for his Frog Legs food chain. Written by Blazer346", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.649112224578857, "source": "search", "title": "The Muppet Movie (1979) - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "The Cable Guy is a 1996 American satirical black comedy film directed by Ben Stiller, starring Jim Carrey and Matthew Broderick. It was released in the United States on June 14, 1996. The film co-stars Leslie Mann, Jack Black, George Segal, Diane Baker, Eric Roberts, Owen Wilson, Janeane Garofalo, David Cross, Andy Dick, Amy Stiller, and Bob Odenkirk.", "precise_score": 10.90662956237793, "rough_score": 10.8740816116333, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Cable Guy" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "‎The Cable Guy (1996) directed by Ben Stiller • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd", "precise_score": 10.34400749206543, "rough_score": 10.057075500488281, "source": "search", "title": "‎The Cable Guy (1996) directed by Ben Stiller • Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Ben Stiller's \"The Cable Guy\" is a mixed bag of missed opportunities. A dark comedy with an over-the-top villain that clashes with the film's subtler sensibilities, the piece could easily have made a competent thriller or a more thoughtful comedy. Instead of playing up the peril or downplaying Jim Carrey's histrionics however, the filmmakers have other plans. They assemble a deftly directed comic look at particular obsessions, though its enjoyment may rest upon its audience's tolerance for the film's antagonist.", "precise_score": 7.3720011711120605, "rough_score": 8.170740127563477, "source": "search", "title": "‎The Cable Guy (1996) directed by Ben Stiller • Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "\"The Ben Stiller Show\": Before he directed \"The Cable Guy... - tribunedigital-chicagotribune", "precise_score": 8.318868637084961, "rough_score": 9.552962303161621, "source": "search", "title": "\"The Ben Stiller Show\": Before he directed \"The Cable Guy ..." }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "\"The Ben Stiller Show\": Before he directed \"The Cable Guy...", "precise_score": 8.320799827575684, "rough_score": 9.367606163024902, "source": "search", "title": "\"The Ben Stiller Show\": Before he directed \"The Cable Guy ..." }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Jim Carrey and Matthew Broderick star in the Columbia Pictures comedy The Cable Guy, directed by Ben Stiller and written by Lou Holtz, Jr. Andrew Licht, Jeffrey Mueller and Judd Apatow are the producers. Brad Grey, Bernie Brillstein and Marc Gurvitz are the executive producers.", "precise_score": 10.138615608215332, "rough_score": 10.306825637817383, "source": "search", "title": "The Cable Guy - Jim Carrey" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "*Ben Stiller as Sam Sweet / Stan Sweet", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391313552856445, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Cable Guy" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "First-time screenwriter Lou Holtz, Jr. had the idea for The Cable Guy while working as a prosecutor in Los Angeles, declaring that once he saw the cable guy in the hallway of his mother's apartment he started thinking \"What's he doing here so late?\". The screenplay became the focus of a bidding war, won by Columbia Pictures at a price of $1 million. The role of the Cable Guy was originally written for Chris Farley, who turned it down due to scheduling difficulties. Jim Carrey joined the production, receiving a then-record $20 million to star. Following Carrey's signing, Columbia hired Judd Apatow to produce. The studio denied Apatow's interest in directing, but accepted his suggestion to invite Ben Stiller, star of his eponymous show on which Apatow had worked. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.2187724113464355, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Cable Guy" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "The fight sequence at Medieval Times between Chip (Jim Carrey) and Steven (Matthew Broderick) is a homage to the Star Trek episode \"Amok Time\" — including the use of Vulcan weapons (lirpa), the dialogue and the background music. Director Ben Stiller is an admitted Star Trek fan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.62617015838623, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Cable Guy" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Work on The Ben Stiller Show, Mr. Show and other projects", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373872756958008, "source": "wiki", "title": "David Cross" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Cross began his professional television career as a writer on The Ben Stiller Show. The series hired him toward the end of its run, and he occasionally made brief appearances in the sketches. He had a speaking role in \"The Legend of T.J. O'Pootertoot\", a sketch written almost entirely by Cross. It was during this period that he first met Bob Odenkirk, with whom he would later co-create the HBO sketch comedy series Mr. Show in 1995. Cross won an Emmy for his work on The Ben Stiller Show in 1993. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.853431701660156, "source": "wiki", "title": "David Cross" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "I'm not sure if we'll ever get another chance to see Jim Carrey go this far out on a limb: director Ben Stiller has seemingly given him total carte blanche, resulting in a seemingly completely over-the-top characterisation, yet not so over the top that we can't get involved in the plot and take what his character does as really happening.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.390355110168457, "source": "search", "title": "The Cable Guy (1996) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Ben Stiller on the other hand is mostly miss all the time for me, unless he's directing (looking forward to The Secret Life of…", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303385734558105, "source": "search", "title": "‎The Cable Guy (1996) directed by Ben Stiller • Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Here's the thing with The Cable Guy: your enjoyment of the whole thing will fundamentally come down to whether or not you find Jim Carrey funny in this kind of zany, intense, sociopathic role. Ben Stiller's movie relies so heavily on Carrey's gurning, lispy schtick as the eponymous deliverer of cable that it forgets to develop in any other area, with the rest of the characters and indeed the narrative going nowhere unless Carrey drags them through with the sheer force of his comic will. A movie that relies so strongly on one gimmick will rise and fall depending on preference, and the fact is that if you took Big Jim out of the picture then The Cable Guy wouldn't…", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.22487454116344452, "source": "search", "title": "‎The Cable Guy (1996) directed by Ben Stiller • Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "The Cable Guy is a decent comedy with lots of flaws. Though it's interesting to see Jim Carrey act in a more darker comedic role, at times the film tries far too hard at delivering something that for most of the time, is unfunny. The film has some good moments, but throughout the entire film, there's always something that lingers that makes this film awkward. The film is decent enough to watch, but is never anything memorable. Ben Stiller directs this film, and delivers a film that delivers decent enough laughs. Overall, The Cable Guy is one of the weaker films in Jim Carrey's career, but compared to recent comedies that he's made, this film isn't too bad. There's a good idea at work here, but I felt that the film could have been much better than this. I thought it was a decent time waster of a film, but it wasn't great or memorable by any means. The Cable Guy is an interesting idea that is more stale than anything. It's decent enough to watch, but you realize that there is something missing to really make it a good comedy. Jim Carrey's performance is over the top and wacky, and it's what saves this film from being a total disaster. Despite this, The Cable Guy could have used a script rewrite or two, as there's some good material here, but there are elements that simply don't fit. The Cable Guy could have been a memorable comedy, unfortunately the film doesn't stand out among Carrey's other comedic gems such as The Mask, Ace Ventura and Dumb & Dumber.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5809617042541504, "source": "search", "title": "The Cable Guy (1996) - Rotten Tomatoes" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "\"The Ben Stiller Show\": Before he directed \"The Cable Guy\" and \"Reality Bites\" (for what those are worth), before he starred in \"Flirting with Disaster,\" before he did a devastating Bruce Springsteen on the recent \"MTV Movie Awards,\" the son of Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara ran this strong sketch comedy half hour for Fox--which, in its infinite wisdom, cancelled it after just half a year, in January, 1993. Janeane Garofalo, Andy Dick (\"NewsRadio\"), Bob Odenkirk, and John F. O'Donohue joined Stiller in a fine cast and a show that concentrates on movie, TV and show-business send-ups, such as Al Pacino auditioning for \"Beethoven,\" Sandra Bernhard auditioning for \"The Mighty Ducks,\" a sketch in which Stiller plays a pig-latin lover, and \"Manson,\" a version of \"Lassie\" with Charles Manson playing the pooch. Cable's Comedy Central shows reruns each Saturday at 10 p.m. On free TV today, this afternoon's White Sox-Mariners game will give you a chance to check out Fox's claims to innovation in its new Major League Baseball telecasts (pregame starts at 2:30 p.m., WFLD-Ch. 32).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.842792510986328, "source": "search", "title": "\"The Ben Stiller Show\": Before he directed \"The Cable Guy ..." }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "\"The Cable Guy sees an opening in Steven's life because this guy has just broken up with his girlfriend and is on his own,\" adds director Ben Stiller, who directs his second feature film after the critically-acclaimed Reality Bites, in which he also starred opposite Winona Ryder and Ethan Hawke. \"The Cable Guy has obtained this information from the cable billing. And when Steven gets up the guts to ask him for free cable, which his friend told him to do, and subtly offers him the fifty bucks, the Cable Guy gets right up in his face and scares him a little bit.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.04490852355957, "source": "search", "title": "The Cable Guy - Jim Carrey" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Director Ben Stiller feels that no matter how strange the Cable Guy becomes, the fact that he's played by Carrey makes him oddly likeable. \"I think Jim has something that people respond to on a lot of different levels,\" Stiller notes. \"He's incredibly broad, but he's also really subtle at the same time. The subtle stuff makes me laugh the most, but children just love him being crazy. They buy him as a bad guy and still root for him because there's also something that's incredibly good-hearted about Jim. I think inherently people relate to him as a nice, funny guy who will do anything he possibly can to make you laugh.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7677645683288574, "source": "search", "title": "The Cable Guy - Jim Carrey" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Jim Carrey and Judd Apatow had been friends for several years dating back to their stand-up comedy days. Apatow wrote some material for Carrey's act and eventually supplied some ideas for Carrey's characters on the long-running Fox Network series In Living Color. Apatow had also had a long-standing friendship with Ben Stiller, with whom he had co-created TV's The Ben Stiller Show. The chance to work with both men was a challenge as well as a delight for Apatow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.898717880249023, "source": "search", "title": "The Cable Guy - Jim Carrey" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Also during the Medieval Times sequence, two veterans of Ben Stiller's television troupe make guest appearances: Janeane Garofalo and Andy Dick. The two comic actors played a 'Gen X' waitress (pierced, tattooed and wearing clumsy Doc Martens boots) and the effete master of ceremonies, respectively. Several other performers make cameo appearances throughout the film, including actor Eric Roberts (playing himself in a TV movie sendup) as well as news talent Tabitha Soren (of MTV) and Barry Nolan (of \"Hard Copy\") and late night host Conan O'Brien among others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.995643615722656, "source": "search", "title": "The Cable Guy - Jim Carrey" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "As the film moved into post-production, a final key player was added to the mix: composer John Ottman. The composer most recently completed the acclaimed score for the critically-acclaimed The Usual Suspects, which he also edited. Not since the days of Charles Chaplin had an editor also composed for a film. For Ottman, his collaboration with Ben Stiller was a joy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.418143272399902, "source": "search", "title": "The Cable Guy - Jim Carrey" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Ben Stiller", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407081604003906, "source": "search", "title": "Ben Stiller - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Ben Stiller", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407081604003906, "source": "search", "title": "Ben Stiller - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "Ben Stiller is the son of Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara , a bickering comedy team famous from the 1960s, '70s, and '80s. In addition to their work as a duo, his father was also a regular on Seinfeld and King of Queens; and his mother was on All My Children and Archie Bunker's Place for years. Family friends included Francis Ford Coppola , Rodney Dangerfield , and Peter Max . Andy Kaufman once came over for Thanksgiving dinner, but wouldn't eat the turkey (he had peanut butter and jelly sandwiches instead). When Stiller was 10, he had a small role on his mother's CBS lawyer drama, Kate McShane, and when his parents played Vegas, they stayed in the same hotel as Gladys Knight -- and young Stiller played in the pool with the Pips. He was largely raised by the family's Jamaican housekeeper, Hazel, and her seven kids were almost like siblings to Stiller and his sister Amy. At school, though, he was teased and bullied by other kids, and he's said he was a total misfit throughout his adolescence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.625717163085938, "source": "search", "title": "Ben Stiller - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "As an adult, Stiller started in show business as a serious actor, appearing on stage in The House of Blue Leaves, but behind the scenes, Stiller was making parody short films. The films got him into the cast of Saturday Night Live in 1989, but it was frustrating for Stiller, as his short films rarely made it on the air. After leaving SNL, Stiller had two Ben Stiller Shows. The first was a weekly MTV show in 1990, a behind-the-scenes parody of a comedy show � la The Larry Sanders Show. It had a very short run, but is not to be confused with the next Ben Stiller Show, a sketch show on Fox in 1992, that also had a very short run. The cast of the latter show included Andy Dick , Janeane Garofalo , and Bob Odenkirk , but the ratings were dismal, and Fox cancelled it without even airing its 13th and final episode. The show subsequently won an Emmy for best writing, beating SNL and In Living Color.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.687175750732422, "source": "search", "title": "Ben Stiller - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Ben Stiller", "passage": "But in interviews, he usually has nothing to say about his private life. \"You separate your own experience from what people think or write about,\" he says. \"Because even if somebody writes about something that happened in your life, 95 percent of the time they get it wrong. I'm not leading a life people should care about. It's not like I've made a sex tape or anything. Not that I think anybody would want to watch a Ben Stiller sex tape.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.455556869506836, "source": "search", "title": "Ben Stiller - NNDB" } ]

[ { "answer": "Weight loss", "passage": "Eddie Murphy gives one of Jerry Lewis' best-remembered vehicles a 1990s overhaul in this hit comedy. Sherman Klump (Murphy) is a college professor and respected biochemistry researcher who is kind, considerate, and a genuinely nice guy. Sherman is also appallingly overweight; coupled with the fact that he's painfully shy and a bit clumsy, his romantic prospects are rather bleak. When Sherman finds himself working with a pretty graduate student, Carla Purty (Jada Pinkett), he falls in love and is eager to impress her, but at an upscale nightclub, his weight attracts the attention of an insult comic (Dave Chappelle) and his bumbling spoils the evening. Sherman's latest project is a genetic weight loss formula, and despondent over his failure to win Carla's heart, he subjects himself to a massive dose. Suddenly, Sherman is transformed into the slim, trim, and handsome Buddy Love; however, the drug also boosts his testosterone level, turning the likable Sherman into the arrogant, skirt-chasing Buddy. In addition to playing Sherman and Buddy, Eddie Murphy also plays four other members of the porcine Klump family, as well as eccentric exercise guru Lance Perkins.", "precise_score": 1.9742286205291748, "rough_score": 5.903768539428711, "source": "search", "title": "Klump Family Dinner - The Nutty Professor (3/12) Movie ..." }, { "answer": "Weight loss", "passage": "Eddie Murphy gives one of Jerry Lewis' best-remembered vehicles a 1990s overhaul in this hit comedy. Sherman Klump (Murphy) is a college professor and respected biochemistry researcher who is kind, considerate, and a genuinely nice guy. Sherman is also appallingly overweight; coupled with the fact that he's painfully shy and a bit clumsy, his romantic prospects are rather bleak. When Sherman finds himself working with a pretty graduate student, Carla Purty (Jada Pinkett), he falls in love and is eager to impress her, but at an upscale nightclub, his weight attracts the attention of an insult comic (Dave Chappelle) and his bumbling spoils the evening. Sherman's latest project is a genetic weight loss formula, and despondent over his failure to win Carla's heart, he subjects himself to a massive dose. Suddenly, Sherman is transformed into the slim, trim, and handsome Buddy Love; however, the drug also boosts his testosterone level, turning the likable Sherman into the arrogant, skirt-chasing Buddy. In addition to playing Sherman and Buddy, Eddie Murphy also plays four other members of the porcine Klump family, as well as eccentric exercise guru Lance Perkins.", "precise_score": 1.9742286205291748, "rough_score": 5.903768539428711, "source": "search", "title": "The Nutty Professor (12/12) Movie CLIP - Klump ... - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Lose weight", "passage": "Throughout the first film, the professor is portrayed as highly intelligent and generally respected by his students, but his occasional accidents- such as when he accidentally opens every hamster cage in his lab when leaving it because his stomach shifted the release mechanism without him realizing it- and lack of confidence leave him victim to bullying and verbal abuse from the Dean of the university, especially since they now have only one possible source for grant money left to continue his research, their last supporter having left after she nearly swallowed one of the escaped hamsters. Having recently fallen in love with grad student and chemistry teacher Carla Purty (Jada Pinkett Smith), Sherman uses his latest discovery, a weight-loss serum that rewrites the subject's genes, to lose weight in order to spend time with her. Unfortunately, this serum creates the confident but mean-spirited individual known as Buddy Love, due to the testosterone imbalance caused by the transformation causing Buddy to manifest as an independent personality rather than simply being a thin Sherman. When his student and assistant Jason learns what has happened, he realizes that Buddy is gaining increasingly greater freedom from the professor's influence, such as Buddy taking credit for Sherman's work and essentially replacing Sherman on the faculty. This encourages Sherman to take back control of his life, disposing of most of the serum and 'fighting' Buddy for control of the body before Buddy can drink enough serum to eliminate Sherman forever. At the conclusion, Sherman admits what has happened to the faculty staff after he transforms back to normal in public, concluding that he must learn to accept himself as he is rather than worry about his weight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.7808027267456055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sherman Klump" }, { "answer": "Weight-loss", "passage": "Murphy portrays a university professor, Sherman Klump, a kind-hearted professor who is morbidly obese. A research scientist, academic, and lecturer, Klump develops a miraculous, but experimental, weight-loss pharmaceutical, and, hoping to win the affection of the girl of his dreams, tests it upon himself. Like the original film's Julius Kelp, Klump's vigorous, charismatic, but evil alter ego takes the name \"Buddy Love\". Murphy plays a total of seven characters in the film, including Sherman, most of Sherman's family (except for his nephew, Ernie Klump Jr. played by actor Jamal Mixon), and an over-the-top parody of Richard Simmons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.151099681854248, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Nutty Professor (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Lose weight", "passage": "At Wellman College, thousands of hamsters overrun the campus, due to the massively obese, yet loving and kind-hearted, professor Sherman Klump, who accidentally releases them. Meanwhile, Sherman has created an experimental formula that reconstructs the DNA of an obese person in a way that allows them to lose weight more easily", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.167270541191101, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Nutty Professor (1996 film)" }, { "answer": "Losing weight", "passage": "Ernie Klump in some extent. He gives Sherman practical advice on him losing weight, by telling him to exercise. Sherman later takes his advice and actually succeeds in getting in shape during the Training Montage . Of course Reggie had to ruin his self-confidence later on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.504356861114502, "source": "search", "title": "The Nutty Professor (Film) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Weight-loss", "passage": "Brilliant and obese scientist Sherman Klump invents a miraculous weight-loss solution. After a date with chemistry student Carla Purty goes badly, a depressed Klump tries the solution on himself. Though he instantly loses 250 pounds, the side effects include a second personality: an obnoxiously self-assertive braggart who calls himself Buddy Love. Buddy proves to be more popular than Sherman, but his arrogance and bad behavior quickly spiral out of control. Written by Jwelch5742", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8925297260284424, "source": "search", "title": "The Nutty Professor (1996) - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Clinton very much changed the role of the First Lady. In championing her cause of healthcare reform, she was made Chairperson in Charge of Healthcare and delivered a speech directly to the American Medical Association. In addition to her role as First Lady, Clinton ran for office. Clinton was elected a U.S. Senator from New York in 2001 and was the Secretary of State in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2013. Many first ladies, including Jacqueline Kennedy, Nancy Reagan, and Michelle Obama have been significant fashion trendsetters. There is a strong tradition against the First Lady holding outside employment while serving as White House hostess. However, some first ladies have exercised a degree of political influence by virtue of being an important adviser to the president. During Hillary Clinton's campaign for election to the U.S. Senate, the couple's daughter, Chelsea, took over much of the First Lady's role.", "precise_score": -4.751129150390625, "rough_score": -3.5936007499694824, "source": "wiki", "title": "First Lady of the United States" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The Office of the First Lady of the United States is accountable to the First Lady for her to carry out her duties as hostess of the White House, and is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House. The First Lady has her own staff that includes a chief of staff, press secretary, White House Social Secretary, Chief Floral Designer, etc. The Office of the First Lady is an entity of the White House Office, a branch of the Executive Office of the President. When First Lady Hillary Clinton decided to pursue a run for Senator of New York, she set aside her duties as first lady and moved to Chappaqua, New York to establish state residency. She resumed her duties as First Lady after winning her senatorial campaign, and retained her duties as both first lady and U.S. Senator for the seventeen-day overlap before Bill Clinton's term came to an end. ", "precise_score": -3.617953062057495, "rough_score": -2.2770445346832275, "source": "wiki", "title": "First Lady of the United States" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The Whitewater controversy (also known as the Whitewater scandal, or simply Whitewater) began with an investigation into the real estate investments of Bill and Hillary Clinton and their associates, Jim and Susan McDougal, in the Whitewater Development Corporation, a failed business venture in the 1970s and 1980s. ", "precise_score": 2.6434998512268066, "rough_score": 3.0506277084350586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "A March 1992, New York Times article published during the U.S. presidential campaign reported that the Clintons, then governor and first lady of Arkansas, had invested and lost money in the Whitewater Development Corporation. The article stimulated the interest of L. Jean Lewis, a Resolution Trust Corporation investigator who was looking into the failure of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan, owned by Jim and Susan McDougal. Lewis looked for connections between the savings and loan company and the Clintons, and on September 2, 1992, she submitted a criminal referral to the FBI naming Bill and Hillary Clinton as witnesses in the Madison Guaranty case. Little Rock U.S. Attorney Charles A. Banks and the FBI determined that the referral lacked merit, but Lewis continued to pursue the case. From 1992 to 1994, Lewis issued several additional referrals against the Clintons, and repeatedly called the U.S. Attorney's Office in Little Rock and the Justice Department regarding the case. Her referrals eventually became public knowledge, and she testified before the Senate Whitewater Committee in 1995.", "precise_score": 3.549832820892334, "rough_score": 3.3495655059814453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "As a result of the exposé in the New York Times, the Justice Department opened an investigation into the failed Whitewater deal. Media pressure continued to build, and on April 22, 1994, Hillary Clinton gave an unusual press conference under a portrait of Abraham Lincoln in the State Dining Room of the White House, to address questions on both Whitewater and the cattle futures controversy; it was broadcast live on several networks. In it, she claimed that the Clintons had a passive role in the Whitewater venture and had committed no wrongdoing, but admitted that her explanations had been vague. She said that she no longer opposed appointing a special prosecutor to investigate the matter. Afterwards, she won media praise for the manner in which she conducted herself during the press conference; Time called her \"open, candid, but above all unflappable...the real message was her attitude and her poise. The confiding tone and relaxed body language...immediately drew approving reviews\". By that time there was growing backlash from Democrats and other members of the political left against the press' investigations of Whitewater. The New York Times was criticized by Gene Lyons of Harper's Magazine, who felt its reporters were exaggerating the significance and possible impropriety of what they were uncovering. ", "precise_score": 0.950177788734436, "rough_score": 3.4434778690338135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "On January 26, 1996, Hillary Clinton testified before a grand jury concerning her investments in Whitewater. This was the first time in American history that a first lady had been subpoenaed to testify before a grand jury. She testified that they never borrowed any money from the bank, and denied having caused anyone to borrow money on their behalf. Over the course of the investigation, fifteen individuals—including Jim and Susan McDougal, White House counsel Webster Hubbell, and Arkansas Governor Jim Guy Tucker—were convicted of federal charges. Other than Jim McDougal, none of the convicted agreed to cooperate with the Whitewater investigators, and Clinton pardoned four of them in the final hours of his presidency (see list of people pardoned by Bill Clinton).", "precise_score": 7.249255657196045, "rough_score": 8.330391883850098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "On November 19, 1998, Independent Counsel Starr testified before the House Judiciary Committee in connection with the Impeachment of Bill Clinton over charges related to the Lewinsky scandal. Starr said that in late 1997, he had considered preparing an impeachment report regarding the fraudulent $300,000 loan to Susan Mcdougall and the question of whether the President had testified truthfully regarding the loan. Starr said that he held back the charges because he was not sure that the two major witnesses had told the truth, but that the investigation was still ongoing. Regarding the reappearance of Hillary Clinton's Rose Law Firm billing records in the White House residential section, Starr said the investigation had found no explanation for the disappearance or the reappearance. \"After a thorough investigation, we have found no explanation how the billing records got where they were or why they were not discovered and produced earlier. It remains a mystery to this day.\" Starr also chose this occasion to completely exonerate President Clinton of any wrongdoing in the Travelgate and Filegate matters; Democrats on the committee immediately criticized Starr for withholding these findings, as well as the Whitewater one, until after the 1998 Congressional elections.", "precise_score": -3.6987459659576416, "rough_score": -0.46505287289619446, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Kenneth Starr's successor as Independent Counsel, Robert Ray, released a report in September 2000, that stated \"This office determined that the evidence was insufficient to prove to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt that either President or Mrs. Clinton knowingly participated in any criminal conduct.\" Nevertheless, Ray criticized the White House saying that delays in the production of evidence and \"unmeritorious litigation\" by the president's lawyers severely impeded the investigation's progress, leading to a total cost of nearly $60 million. Ray's report effectively closed the Whitewater investigation.", "precise_score": 3.5631628036499023, "rough_score": -2.2837207317352295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "As counselor to the president, Gergen advised the Clintons to share all Whitewater-related documents with The Washington Post in December 1993. In an interview in January, Hillary Clinton suggested that she and the president had done just that with the New York Times during the 1992 campaign, but five days later the White House issued a clarification saying she was mistaken.", "precise_score": 0.11224986612796783, "rough_score": -2.330305814743042, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton's role in Whitewater has been a source of constant debate and helped make her one of the most controversial first ladies in American history. Her business and legal dealings, of Byzantine complexity in the first place, have become even harder to assess because of the intense politics of the situation: Every statement and event is seen through the partisan filters of Washington.", "precise_score": 3.4433767795562744, "rough_score": 5.2760233879089355, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "This article is an attempt to analyze her responses to Whitewater inquiries. It is not a complete study of her involvement in the events that have come to be known as Whitewater, but focuses on one aspect: her legal representation of James B. McDougal and Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan. Based on an examination of the relevant public documents, it lays out at length the details necessary to try to evaluate the different statements she has made. It also addresses questions about her possible motivations. The first lady declined to be interviewed for this report. White House lawyers Jane Sherburne and Mark Fabiani were interviewed and provided documents that they felt supported Hillary Clinton's statements.", "precise_score": 4.148575782775879, "rough_score": 4.094113349914551, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In the first three years of the Whitewater controversy, between 1992 and 1995, when she was asked how she became the billing partner on the Madison account, Hillary Clinton said that it came about because Richard Massey, a young Rose Law Firm associate, asked her to help him out. That happened in 1985, at a time when Madison was in troubled financial condition and looking for ways to raise new capital. Massey, according to the first lady, had talked to John Latham, Madison's chief executive officer, about ways the firm could help the thrift, then went to her to talk about it. The first lady offered a detailed description of this episode at her nationally televised news conference in April 1994:", "precise_score": 2.8854825496673584, "rough_score": 6.325168132781982, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "But in his testimony before the Senate Whitewater committee, Rose lawyer Richard Massey said that he already knew who to talk to in the state government. He said he knew it several days before Hillary Clinton made her call to Schaffer's office. Madison officials had briefed him already, he said, and given him a memo stating that he should deal with Charles Handley, the assistant to Schaffer in charge of such questions. The memo was based on discussions with associates at Madison Bank & Trust, the other McDougal-affiliated financial institution, which had been making a similar effort to move into new financial realms to build capital. Michael Chertoff, the committee's Republican counsel, questioned Massey further on the matter:", "precise_score": -2.8126072883605957, "rough_score": -1.5498372316360474, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "From the time of the original Whitewater stories in 1992 until her Rose Law Firm billing records were discovered in the White House residence last January, little was known about what legal work Hillary Clinton did for Madison Guaranty beyond the question involving preferred stock and the state securities commission. She characterized her representation overall as \"very limited\" and essentially supervisory. Associates or other attorneys, she said, attended to the details.", "precise_score": -2.5799028873443604, "rough_score": -0.8605992794036865, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Castle Grande was a possible source of embarrassment for Hillary Clinton more serious than anything she did on the Madison securities issue, and perhaps more than anything else connected to the larger Whitewater affair. It has now been established that real fraud was committed here. Transactions related to Castle Grande were at the heart of McDougal's first trial in 1990, at which he was tried and acquitted on fraud charges.", "precise_score": 1.1238811016082764, "rough_score": -0.11114728450775146, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton has not been accused of wrongdoing in connection with Castle Grande and was not implicated in the trial. Her name was barely mentioned, coming up only when McDougal was asked about how the Rose Law Firm was retained. Lawyers often work legitimately on the edge of transactions that later prove to be questionable. But for the first lady of Arkansas, who would become the first lady of the United States, the expectations were different.", "precise_score": -3.180651903152466, "rough_score": -1.0024105310440063, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "When the RTC issued its first report on its investigation of the Rose Law Firm on Dec. 28, 1995 – just a week before the billing records were revealed at the White House – it said that \"little was known\" about what the firm did for Madison after the IDC or Castle Grande property was purchased. After examining the billing records and interviewing Hillary Clinton again, the RTC said in a revised report: \"The new evidence illuminates this period to a considerable extent, revealing that the firm in general and Mrs. Clinton in particular had far more contact with Ward than was previously known.\"", "precise_score": -6.448455333709717, "rough_score": -3.4002554416656494, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The first lady has said she never tried to hide her Rose Law Firm billing records and that they exonerated her once they were found after a mysterious two-year disappearance. Whitewater investigators in Congress and in the independent counsel's office regard the billing records differently. They have used them as a field map in exploring the ancient ground of Castle Grande. Did Hillary Clinton see the records back in 1992 when questions were first raised about her legal work? If she did, why did she not release them to the public then – before they were missing – or at least summarize them in discussions with the press? Has she truly been committed to full disclosure? What role did she play, if any, in their disappearance and rediscovery?", "precise_score": 1.976702094078064, "rough_score": 6.188032150268555, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "But her answer to Rehm was inaccurate. The Clintons had not, as she had claimed, taken \"every document\" they had and \"laid them all out\" when questions first arose about Whitewater. Five days after the Rehm interview, the White House issued a clarification which said the first lady \"mistakenly suggested that the New York Times was provided access to all of the Whitewater-related documents in the possession of the 1992 campaign.\" According to the statement, Hillary Clinton \"believed that the campaign had turned over all the documents in its possession\" but had since learned that some records were withheld.", "precise_score": 4.739145755767822, "rough_score": 7.691892623901367, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Did Foster show Hillary Clinton the billing records during the 1992 campaign? David Kendall, the first lady's personal lawyer on Whitewater issues, said in January 1996: \"She recalls discussing this legal work in the spring of 1992 with Mr. Foster and Mr. Hubbell as she sought accurately to answer press questions during the presidential campaign about the Madison Guaranty work. It is possible they showed her the billing records then, but she does not recall.\"", "precise_score": 1.959747076034546, "rough_score": 4.88394021987915, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "What did Jennings, the first lady and her lawyer talk about? When reports of the meeting surfaced months later, Jennings said Ward's name never came up in his conversation with Hillary Clinton, and that they discussed what Jennings might say to writers who were doing stories about the first lady's legal skills when she practiced in Little Rock. Kendall, in the words of White House associate counsel Mark Fabiani, \"has not provided an explanation for the meeting.\"", "precise_score": -3.538882255554199, "rough_score": -3.530524492263794, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Why, if Hillary Clinton saw the records in 1992, as appears likely, would her position on their release change so clearly from then to this year? In 1992, publication of the records would have raised questions that might have sunk her husband's nascent presidential campaign. Some of his political advisers later acknowledged that a third area of controversy – involving money, following earlier ones about sex and war – would have proved fatal. It is the peculiar fate of the Clintons and Whitewater that the controversy has been around for two presidential election cycles. By 1996, the safer course for the White House became a posture of full disclosure.", "precise_score": -4.544775485992432, "rough_score": -2.290194034576416, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "From the beginning of the Whitewater controversy, Hillary Clinton has maintained a public posture seemingly at odds with her actions. She was reluctant to release records during the 1992 campaign. She fought David Gergen's recommendation to turn over all the records in 1993. She led White House opposition to the appointment of a special counsel in early 1994.", "precise_score": 0.7437968850135803, "rough_score": 2.0103418827056885, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "There appears to be a four-year pattern of Hillary Clinton avoiding full disclosure, occasionally forgetting places and events that might embarrass her, and revising her story as documents emerge and the knowledge of her questioners deepens. This article examined only one of several areas where her answers could be analyzed. Similar studies could be done in other areas, including the original Whitewater investment itself and the extent to which the Clintons were equal yet passive partners with the McDougals, as they have maintained. Another area that Whitewater investigators are probing concerns Hillary Clinton's role in the White House travel office controversy.", "precise_score": -3.2168171405792236, "rough_score": -2.7216074466705322, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "This report is based on an examination of statements Hillary Rodham Clinton has made on Whitewater-related events. Over the past four years, she has responded to a variety of questioners: the Resolution Trust Corp., the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., the General Accounting Office, two independent counsels, a grand jury and the national press corps. Most of what she has said is public: There are thick transcripts recounting her interviews, depositions and interrogatories. The exceptions are her testimony to the Whitewater grand jury, which is secret, and her depositions taken at the White House by the independent counsel, only one small section of which was released.", "precise_score": 2.2075247764587402, "rough_score": -1.9961081743240356, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Allegations of obstructing the Whitewater investigation are sapping the authority of Hillary Clinton within the White House where she has been the greatest influence on shaping policy after her husband. In recent weeks she has cancelled two-thirds of her commitments to devote time to dealing with the scandal.", "precise_score": 1.7062731981277466, "rough_score": 2.262406587600708, "source": "search", "title": "Clinton defends his wife over Whitewater: Scandal and ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs Clinton", "passage": "The shredding started after the Clintons' involvement in the troubled Whitewater real estate company was revealed, but there is no information about what documents were being destroyed. Unfortunately for Mr and Mrs Clinton the White House record of deviousness over the affair is so well-established that everything they now do is regarded with suspicion.", "precise_score": 0.742096483707428, "rough_score": 0.09733153879642487, "source": "search", "title": "Clinton defends his wife over Whitewater: Scandal and ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "But was the Times embarrassed? Hardly. In the journalistic equivalent of double jeopardy, the Times editors, having convicted Hillary Clinton on a spurious charge, decided she was guilty of a new charge: helping Tyson Foods to that $ 7 million in tax credits. No sooner had she held her April 22 press conference on Whitewater-related issues than the Times fretted that the First Lady's performance had been smooth but cleverly evasive. Particularly suspicious, an April 24 editorial found, were her dealings with Jim Blair, \"a lawyer for Tyson Foods, a large company that was heavily regulated by and received substantial tax credits from the Arkansas government.\" Emphasis added. And people call the President slick!", "precise_score": 1.911978840827942, "rough_score": 3.8516290187835693, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Last week we released an unprecedented accounting of the evidence that would have been used at a criminal trial against Hillary Clinton in the Whitewater case.", "precise_score": 4.6302008628845215, "rough_score": -0.6001441478729248, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "This is an important and timely document. It shows that there was significant evidence against Mrs. Clinton in Whitewater. The parallels with the email scandal — the stonewalling of document production, the ‘missing’ documents, the lies and evasions—are striking.", "precise_score": 4.526302337646484, "rough_score": 4.925392150878906, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "NEW YORK – Washington-based watchdog Judicial Watch has released 246 pages of previously undisclosed internal memos from Ken Starr’s Office of Independent Council investigation in 1998 showing prosecutors had evidence that Hillary Clinton and her associate Webb Hubbell at the Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, Arkansas, were guilty of criminal fraud in the Whitewater affair.", "precise_score": 4.642751216888428, "rough_score": -0.6097305417060852, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Previously Undisclosed Internal Memos Spell Out Criminal Case against Hillary Clinton Over 1990s Whitewater/ Castle Grande Land Transaction Scandal", "precise_score": 0.06337039172649384, "rough_score": -0.9232459664344788, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "We have a special Weekly Update for you today that you will want to keep in your files and share far and wide.  Just yesterday, we released 246 pages of previously undisclosed Office of Independent Counsel (OIC) internal memos revealing extensive details about the investigation of Hillary Rodham Clinton for possible criminal charges involving her activities in the Whitewater/Castle Grande fraudulent land transaction scandal.  (Links to the full set of documents are below.)", "precise_score": -0.07468695938587189, "rough_score": -2.879192590713501, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The memos suggest that if she weren’t First Lady, she would have been successfully prosecuted in federal court. As we continue the court fight to get the actual draft indictment of Hillary Clinton we first uncovered in this investigation, Americans would do well to read these memos.", "precise_score": -2.426133394241333, "rough_score": -3.2805731296539307, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "One of the most important topics in the 2008 presidential campaign has been almost completely ignored by the mainstream media: Corruption. Despite all of the claims that Barack Obama has been the beneficiary of media bias, and Hillary Clinton its victim, the reality is exactly the opposite of this, at least on the corruption issue. While the media has swarmed over the very minor Tony Rezko scandal, where there is zero evidence that Obama did any political favors, the press has ignored the long record of political scandals associated with the Clintons, despite the fact that Clinton's service as First Lady is the cornerstone of her claim to be experienced. Today's lead editorial in the Chicago Tribune is one of the rare exceptions to the media silence about Hillary's past scandals.", "precise_score": -2.487074851989746, "rough_score": -0.2956903278827667, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Conclusion: The Travel Office firings were inept and misguided, but never a huge scandal. Hillary actually wanted to show her good government credentials by cleaning up the questionable activities of the White House Travel Office, never realizing that the workers had close relations to the media. I believe Hillary had only good intentions, even though the fact that Arkansas buddies taking over the office made it seem like a patronage issue. But the key fact is that Hillary lied under oath (or came perilously close) in denying any involvement in the firings. The independent counsel concluded, \"The evidence is sufficient to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that Mrs. Clinton had a 'role' in the Travel Office firings and that she had 'input' into that decision. Her testimony to the contrary was factually false.\" Hillary could have easily been charged with perjury and obstruction of justice, but proving that she knowingly lied was difficult, and Hillary was never the main target of the investigations, so they gave her a break. Still, the scandal shows Hillary's managerial ineptitude and her propensity to deny responsibility.", "precise_score": -3.3819644451141357, "rough_score": -0.5508946776390076, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "A US Senate panel's report on Tuesday (18/6) formally accused First Lady Hillary Clinton of using her influence to obstruct an investigation into the 1993 suicide of a top White House official. The Republican-led panel accused Mrs. Clinton of intervening in the probe in order to prevent investigators from gaining access to documents that might have been damaging to her and President Bill Clinton.", "precise_score": 0.5113419890403748, "rough_score": 3.2160158157348633, "source": "search", "title": "USA - Whitewater Scandal - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "There are, of course, also allegations that Hillary Clinton and/or her staff removed relevant files on Vince Foster after the suspicious “suicide” of the top Rose Law attorney who had worked intimately with the First Lady throughout their careers and who had known Bill Clinton since childhood.", "precise_score": -2.870037794113159, "rough_score": -3.4934725761413574, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Has Buried Documents for Decades: “First Lady’s ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The current First Lady is Michelle Obama. At present, there are four living former first ladies: Rosalynn Carter, wife of Jimmy Carter; Barbara Bush, wife of George H. W. Bush; Hillary Clinton, wife of Bill Clinton; and Laura Bush, wife of George W. Bush.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.405786037445068, "source": "wiki", "title": "First Lady of the United States" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Over the course of the 20th century it became increasingly common for first ladies to select specific causes to promote, usually ones that are not politically divisive. It is common for the First Lady to hire a staff to support these activities. Lady Bird Johnson pioneered environmental protection and beautification. Pat Nixon encouraged volunteerism and traveled extensively abroad; Betty Ford supported women's rights; Rosalynn Carter aided those with mental disabilities; Nancy Reagan founded the Just Say No drug awareness campaign; Barbara Bush promoted literacy; Hillary Clinton sought to reform the healthcare system in the U.S.; and Laura Bush supported women's rights groups and encouraged childhood literacy. Michelle Obama has become identified with supporting military families and tackling childhood obesity. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8395252227783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "First Lady of the United States" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Bill Clinton had known Arkansas businessman and political figure Jim McDougal since 1968, and had made a previous small real estate investment with him in 1977. The Clintons were seeking ways of supplementing their income: Bill Clinton's salary was $26,500 as Arkansas Attorney General (which would rise to $35,000 if his campaign for Governor of Arkansas succeeded) and Hillary Clinton's salary was $24,500 as a Rose Law Firm associate. It was around this time that Hillary Clinton also began trading cattle futures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32170581817627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In 1985, Jim McDougal invested in a local construction project called Castle Grande. The 1,000 acres (4 km²), located south of Little Rock, were priced at about $1.75 million, more than McDougal could afford on his own. According to current law, McDougal could borrow only $600,000 from his own savings and loan, Madison Guaranty. Therefore, McDougal involved others to raise the additional funds. Among these was Seth Ward, an employee of the bank, who helped funnel the additional $1.15 million required. To avoid potential investigations, the money was moved back and forth among several other investors and intermediaries. Hillary Clinton, then an attorney at Rose Law Firm (which is based in Little Rock) provided legal services to Castle Grande.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.429426193237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Theodore B. Olson, who with several associates, launched the plan that later became known as the \"Arkansas Project\", wrote several essays for The American Spectator, accusing Clinton and many of his associates of wrongdoing. The first of those pieces appeared in February 1994, alleging a wide variety of criminal offenses by the Clintons and others, including Webster Hubbell. These allegations led to the discovery that Hubbell, a friend and former Rose Law Firm partner of Hillary Clinton, had committed multiple frauds, mostly against his own firm. Hillary Clinton, instead of being complicit in Hubbell's crimes, had been among his victims. In December 1994, one week after Hubbell pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion, Associate White House Counsel, Jane C. Sherburne, created a \"Task List\" which included a reference to monitoring Hubbell's cooperation with Starr. Hubbell was later recorded in prison saying \"I need to roll over one more time\" regarding the Rose Law firm lawsuit. In his next court appearance, he pleaded the Fifth Amendment against self-incrimination (see United States v. Hubbell).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.909915924072266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Bill and Hillary Clinton never visited the actual Whitewater property. In May 1985, Jim McDougal sold the remaining lots of the failed Whitewater Development Corporation to local realtor, Chris Wade. By 1993, there were a few occupied houses on the site, but most of the properties were still for sale. One owner, tired of the many reporters who visited the site, hung a sign saying \"Go Home, Idiots.\" By 2007, there were about 12 houses in the subdivision, with the last lot up for sale by son, Chris Wade, Jr., for $25,000. In Flippin, Jim McDougal's savings and loan bank had been replaced by a variety of small businesses, most recently a barbershop. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.865528583526611, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "H Clinton", "passage": "The length, expense, and results of the Whitewater investigations turned the public against the Office of the Independent Counsel; even Kenneth Starr was opposed to it. The Independent Counsel law was allowed to expire in 1999. Indeed, no one ended up happy with the Whitewater investigation; Democrats felt that the investigation was a political witch-hunt, Republicans were frustrated that both Clintons had escaped formal charges, and those without partisan involvement found press coverage of Whitewater, which spanned four decades, difficult to understand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.701683282852173, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.137638092041016, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.345798969268799, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "Young associate at the Rose Law Firm when Madison Guaranty became a client in 1985. Hillary Rodham Clinton has said Massey played a key role in bringing in Madison as a Rose client, but he does not remember the events in the same way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.237223625183105, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Current managing partner of the Rose Law Firm. While Hillary Clinton has said Massey asked for her help in getting McDougal to pay his outstanding legal bills in April 1985, Clark maintains that they were already paid by November 1984.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.059733390808105, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "A Gov. Bill Clinton appointee to the Arkansas Securities Commission, she took a telephone call from Hillary Clinton in April 1985, six days after McDougal put Rose Law Firm on retainer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306325912475586, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Arkansas businessman hired by McDougal to assist in land acquisition for the Castle Grande project, and Webster Hubbell's father-in-law. Hillary Clinton worked with Ward on certain legal details of the project she knew as IDC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398995399475098, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Former Rose Law Firm office manager who worked in the White House residence handling the Clintons' personal correspondence. She packed away Hillary Clinton's law firm records in a box of \"knickknacks\" and said she was unaware they were the long-sought Rose billing records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.56977653503418, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Prominent Little Rock lawyer who represented businessman Seth Ward. He visited the White House residence and talked with Hillary Clinton and her lawyer David Kendall around the time the first lady's law firm billing records appeared on a table in the third-floor book room of the White House residence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.462588310241699, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "In the four years that Hillary Rodham Clinton has been", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33746337890625, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The image is of a mere bystander, a good person victimized. But an examination of Hillary Clinton's public statements suggests someone less passive in her behavior, less consistent in her answers, and less committed to full disclosure than the figure in her own self-portrait. Some of her responses have been thrown into doubt by newly released documents or the testimony of other Whitewater figures. Her wording seems alternately terse and lawyerly, providing the narrowest possible answers, and unabashedly political, ornamented with asides and anecdotes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.29238224029541, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "What is less clear from the documented record is why Hillary Clinton has responded the way she has. Has she been rattled – less calculating and more confused? Is she hiding something? If so, is it a potential legal problem of her own or her husband's? Or is it simply an embarrassment? Or is the whole thing, as her lawyer said in a somewhat different context, another of the meaningless mysteries of Whitewater?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.125217914581299, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "When considered in isolation, many of the questions to which Hillary Clinton has had to respond – especially those involving small-time transactions in provincial Arkansas more than a decade ago – might appear minor. Many people, perhaps most people, forget events that occurred long ago and say things occasionally that are later contradicted by records or the memories of others. But when the questions and answers involving her are viewed in their totality, they appear more significant. One minor issue sets the context for the next and, stitch by stitch, a pattern emerges. That larger pattern has drawn the scrutiny of independent counsel Kenneth W. Starr, whose investigators are engaged, among other things, in a task unprecedented in modern times: determining whether the president's wife committed perjury, made false statements or obstructed justice.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.653989791870117, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "For all but two years between 1979 and 1992, Bill Clinton was the governor of Arkansas and Hillary Rodham Clinton was the state's first lady. She was also practicing law in Little Rock at the Rose Law Firm, the oldest in the state and one with deep and effective connections to the state's power elite. Shortly after joining the firm, Hillary Clinton was made a partner, but how much work she did was determined by her outside activities. She spent most of 1983 on leave heading an education reform task force for her husband, and devoted large chunks of 1984 campaigning for his reelection. It was just after that period, in early 1985, that she became a senior lawyer, called a billing partner, in Rose Law Firm's account with James McDougal and his Madison savings and loan. Since 1978, she and her husband had been partners with McDougal and his wife, Susan, in the Whitewater real estate venture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.335483551025391, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Why and how did Hillary Clinton take on McDougal and Madison as her client? It seems like a minor question, but in fact goes to the heart of how she conducted herself as a lawyer who happened to be the wife of the state's most powerful political figure. One issue is whether she sought out business that carried with it questions of conflict of interest. Another is whether McDougal, who was already carrying the bulk of the financial burden of the Whitewater land deal with the Clintons, tried to throw savings and loan work to Hillary Clinton at a time when his thrift was in danger of collapsing at taxpayer expense.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.209610939025879, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The following year, in an interview with Resolution Trust Corp. (RTC) investigators, Hillary Clinton added new details to this account. She said Massey asked her to help him because McDougal owed the law firm money from a previous case and she was the person who could most effectively get him to pay the outstanding bills. As she put it: \". . . certain lawyers of the law firm were opposed to doing any work for Jim McDougal or any of his companies until he paid his bill and then only if Madison Guaranty agreed to prepay a certain sum to the firm once a month to cover fees and expenses. . . . I believe Massey approached me about presenting this proposal to Jim McDougal because he was aware that I knew him. I agreed to see McDougal. I visited him at his office on April 23, 1985, and told him that I understood Latham wanted Massey to do some work for Madison Guaranty, but that our firm would not let Massey proceed until the previous bill was paid and some kind of prepayment arrangement was worked out for new work the firm might do.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.813224792480469, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Massey for the most part remembered the events differently when he was asked about them in an appearance before the Senate Whitewater committee on Jan. 11, 1996. He said that he did not believe he was responsible for signing up Madison as a client and that he could not recall having a conversation with Hillary Clinton in which he asked her to help him bring in the Madison work. In questioning by Michael Chertoff, the Republican counsel, Massey said he did not remember any discussion in which he said there was a problem with McDougal and his past debts to the law firm that could be resolved if Hillary Clinton became the billing partner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.246081352233887, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Later in his testimony, when he was questioned by the Democratic counsel, Richard Ben-Veniste, Massey said it was possible that he talked with Hillary Clinton about McDougal. He also characterized the recruitment of Madison as a team effort.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.908668518066406, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "One month after Massey's testimony, when Hillary Clinton was interviewed again by lawyers for the RTC, she modified her story. She said it was not Massey but Vincent Foster, another Rose partner, who went to her originally to discuss how they could sign up Madison despite McDougal's past billing troubles. Foster had been the billing partner in earlier work Rose had done for McDougal's first financial institution, Madison Bank & Trust.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.510320663452148, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "\"I believe it was Vince Foster who came to me, who said that Mr. Massey wanted to do this work, but the partners didn't want him to do it,\" Hillary Clinton said in her sworn interview with the RTC. \"We had a very high regard for Mr. Massey, who was quite an energetic and accomplished first-year associate, already teaching a securities course at the law school and attracting people who wanted his advice, like Mr. Latham. And I was asked, as someone who knew McDougal, if I could intervene and perhaps set up an opportunity for Mr. Massey to do this work.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74068546295166, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "On the question of whether Hillary Clinton was brought into the case because, as she said, she knew McDougal and could get him to pay back his old debts, the testimony conflicts somewhat, but much of it throws her version into doubt. Documents show that she had been involved in 1983 in helping the law firm recover overdue payments from McDougal. And in questioning by Ben-Veniste, the Democratic counsel, David Knight, who headed Rose's securities division, said that he had a brief conversation with senior partner C. Joseph Giroir before Rose resumed its relationship with Madison. Giroir, he said, mentioned to him that \"there had been some sort of billing problem on work\" previously done by the firm for McDougal. Several others involved recalled the overdue bills situation differently from the first lady.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.44096565246582, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Ronald Clark, Rose Law Firm's chief operating officer, said in an interview that McDougal's outstanding legal bills – amounting to $5,000 – were paid off in November 1984, several months before Hillary Clinton said she became involved in the matter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.124626159667969, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Gary Bunch, president of Madison Bank & Trust, formerly known as the Bank of Kingston, the McDougal enterprise that had owed the money to Rose Law Firm, said Hillary Clinton was not involved in getting the bank to pay off the outstanding bill. He also said in an interview that he believed the bill was paid in the fall of 1984, not the spring of 1985, when the first lady became involved with Madison. The bank was \"a little draggy\" paying it, Bunch said, because the bank had lost a lawsuit in which Rose had represented it and then had lost the appeal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.787970542907715, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "McDougal, whose animosity toward the first lady colors anything he says about her, also recently disputed her description of their conversation on overdue bills. In an interview with the Associated Press, he told a reporter: \"For your story, say – 'When asked: Do you recall the conversation [about paying old bills] in Mrs. Clinton's answer?' – McDougal answered no.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.5281267166137695, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "It was McDougal who first disputed Hillary Clinton's account of the genesis of her legal representation of him. In several press interviews over the past four years, he told the same story: that one day in August 1984 then-Arkansas Gov. Clinton jogged over to the Madison offices in Little Rock, plopped down in a leather chair and told McDougal that his wife needed some new clients because she was not bringing enough money into the firm. McDougal said he agreed that he would try to find legal work for Hillary Clinton. That satisfied the governor, who departed, leaving behind a sweat stain on the new chair.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.656816482543945, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "McDougal revised part of his story last month when he testified at his trial in Little Rock. Now he said that he – not Gov. Clinton – first broached the subject of Madison sending some work Hillary Clinton's way. But he left unchanged the rest of the scene. His suggestion, he said, came during a visit where Clinton mentioned that his wife needed to recruit more clients. During his videotaped testimony as a defense witness at McDougal's trial, President Clinton said he did not recall the meeting. When the prosecuting attorney asked him if that meant McDougal was lying, Clinton said no, it was possible for people to have different recollections.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.109565734863281, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "For his part, Latham offered testimony that presented yet another version, though it seemed to correspond most closely with McDougal's on one point. In an interview with the RTC's inspector general's office on July 12, 1995, he said the Madison work did not simply result from a discussion with Massey, his friend from their days at Central Arkansas University, about the issuance of preferred stock, as Hillary Clinton had said. According to the RTC report: \"Latham said that at one time, date not recalled, James McDougal suggested that Madison Guaranty use Rose for some of the legal work at the institution. Latham said that, 'McDougal had friends over there, he suggested we use them.' Latham said when asked who the friends were that it was Hillary Rodham Clinton and others.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.306568145751953, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In the end, then, many of the details in Hillary Clinton's version of how and why she took on the Madison account differ from the recollections of the others, though no one seems to remember the events precisely like anyone else. Perhaps the first lady in this case has the most accurate memory. Perhaps she shaped her answers to make it appear that she played a passive role and was only helping out others, when that was not the reality. If that is the case, what might have motivated her to tell that story?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.98631477355957, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "It is an undisputed fact that Hillary Clinton became the billing partner for Rose Law Firm in its representation of James McDougal and Madison Guaranty on April 23, 1985, the day she visited McDougal at his office and arranged for him to pay the firm the $2,000-a-month retainer. Rose billing records show she began charging hours to the account that day. But what did she do for Madison? Did she in any way take advantage of her position as a powerful lawyer and wife of the governor? That issue arises in questions about the first telephone call she made on behalf of McDougal to a state agency.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.753005981445312, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Since the question first received national attention when it was raised in a New York Times article in March 1992, Hillary Clinton has disputed any accusations that she might have taken advantage of her status as the governor's wife in her dealings with the Arkansas Securities Commission, the state agency that oversees savings and loans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.053131103515625, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The Times article noted that the Clintons were partners with McDougal in a land deal and that Hillary Clinton represented him in some dealings before the state agency that was under her husband's patronage. Hillary Clinton responded that the work she did for Madison was \"minimal,\" adding that her encounters with state regulators regarding the thrift's attempts to explore new ways of raising capital to stay afloat were utterly trivial. The record shows there was an exchange of routine letters between her law firm and the state agency and that she called state Securities Commissioner Beverly Bassett Schaffer (then known as Beverly Bassett) on April 29, 1985, six days after McDougal put the Rose firm on retainer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.262375831604004, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Chertoff: And you didn't need Mrs. Clinton to call up Beverly Bassett, the commissioner of Arkansas securities, in order to get an address or the name of a person because you had prior, the bank had a prior course of dealing with Mr. Handley, correct?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.243179321289062, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Chertoff: Did you ask Mrs. Clinton to call up the Arkansas securities department and say a letter's coming over?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.301459312438965, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "While Hillary Clinton said she could not remember whether she talked to the Arkansas securities commissioner or someone else in that office, Schaffer recalled the telephone conversation in some detail when she testified later before the Whitewater committee. She said Hillary Clinton asked in passing whom the law firm should work with in the department. But the essence of the call, as Schaffer remembered it, was more substantive: Hillary Clinton told her \"that they had a proposal and what it was about.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.451901435852051, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Why would Hillary Clinton remember asking who Madison should talk to, but not remember that she asked that question of Schaffer? And why would she forget what Schaffer testified was the major point of the call: a discussion of the substance of the Madison proposal? It could be that she was trying to avoid any appearance that she was misusing her position as the governor's wife. The subject of the call to Schaffer arose during the 1992 presidential campaign, when the press was raising questions about conflicts of interest involving the Clintons. The Clinton team was beset by questions about the candidate's sex life and draft history. Was Hillary Clinton trying to avoid opening up another set of damaging questions?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.806390762329102, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "And most of her work came in a concentrated period of those 15 months. What may be most significant about the billing records in any case was not the amount of time Hillary Clinton put into her Madison representation, but the nature of the work itself and when it took place. What was she actually doing during most of the hours she billed to the Madison account?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057053565979004, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "According to the billing records, most of Hillary Clinton's hours on the Madison account involved not the securities issue but a development in the swampland south of Little Rock that James McDougal pursued during a period from the fall of 1985 to the summer of 1986. His associate in that effort was Seth Ward, a cantankerous, semiretired businessman, who worked as a consultant to McDougal and helped him purchase the property. Ward also was the father-in-law of Webster L. Hubbell, Hillary Clinton's partner and friend at the Rose Law Firm. The land enterprise was on a 1,050-acre tract where McDougal envisioned developing a microbrewery and a trailer park, among other things. It was commonly known as Castle Grande.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.073234558105469, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton: \"And Seth Ward was involved in that on behalf . . . \"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37984561920166, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton: \"Separate deal completely. . . . \"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339069366455078, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Castle Grande was part of the Arkansas lexicon during that era. McDougal's first fraud trial was a news event in Little Rock in 1990. It drew the interest of Bill Clinton, who at one point conferred with McDougal's lawyer about it. It likely would have attracted some measure of interest from Hillary Clinton, his former lawyer and partner in the Whitewater land deal. Articles in the Arkansas newspapers about that trial consistently referred to the entire property as Castle Grande.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.66609525680542, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "To support their argument that IDC and Castle Grande were separate entities, and that Hillary Clinton was not alone in knowing the property only as IDC, White House lawyers pointed to the testimony, among others, of Davis Fitzhugh, an official of Madison Guaranty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.441595077514648, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "It is possible that Hillary Clinton called it IDC, vaguely knew that others called it Castle Grande, but chose in her legalistic responses to differentiate between the two. But what would be her motivation? Why not say she knew what Castle Grande was if she did know?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219343185424805, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In a sense, it was Castle Grande that is the connection between Hillary Clinton and the national savings and loan scandal that ultimately cost American taxpayers billions of dollars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.939229011535645, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "By whatever name, Castle Grande or IDC, what did Hillary Clinton actually do in the 30 hours of work the billing records show she did for Madison in connection with the property? Here, her answers have differed, becoming more or less precise depending on the venue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268234252929688, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "After the billing records came out in January, Hillary Clinton told RTC lawyers and others something that seemed to contradict her earlier statements. She said that most of the hours she charged to Madison during that 1985-86 period were in fact for work she did on the sewer project and the microbrewery. She explained her apparently conflicting statements about the sewer project by again citing semantic confusion. Her questioners at the FDIC had called it Castle Grande, a name with which she said she was unfamiliar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.194260597229004, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In characterizing her work for Madison as minimal, Hillary Clinton had often said that she did no \"day-to-day\" work in representing the thrift. Yet when RTC lawyers asked her why the billing records show she added 14.5 hours of billing time to the Madison account during a short period in January 1986, she said that it was because she did some detailed research on the microbrewery issue instead of delegating it to Donovan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.710081100463867, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Here Hillary Clinton seems to present two contradictions. She said, at first, that she did not know about the microbrewery and the sewers, then said she did. At first she said that she did not do day-to-day work for Madison, then later she said she was directly involved in mundane tasks like finding maps. The change in her version has not been explained. The 14.5 hours of work recorded in January 1986 were added to the billing records manually and, unlike the rest of her billings, came with no notation of what they were for.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.960944175720215, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The legality of some other transactions related to Castle Grande was later called into question by federal investigators. In its final report on the Rose Law Firm, the RTC said the 14.5 hours on Hillary Clinton's time sheet \"must apparently remain somewhat of a mystery, but there is no persuasive reason not to credit Mrs. Clinton's explanation.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01402473449707, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In the middle of the action at Castle Grande was Seth Ward, the Little Rock businessman and in-law of Webster Hubbell who had been retained by James McDougal for $25,000 a year plus commissions to assist with the enterprise. Ward, the government has said, was used by McDougal to buy or sell parcels of Castle Grande property at grossly inflated rates. The sales allowed Ward and others to collect hefty commissions that were later questioned by regulators. Federal investigators later characterized him as McDougal's \"straw\" man. He was also involved in pushing the microbrewery and water and sewer ideas. What was Hillary Clinton's relationship with Ward?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.000784873962402, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "When the first lady was first asked to explain her relationship with Ward during her interview with the FDIC inspector general's office in November 1994, more than a year before the billing records were found, Hillary Clinton omitted saying in her answer that she had worked with him on IDC or Castle Grande. She knew Ward professionally: she had worked with him for years when he was on the Little Rock Airport Commission and she was the commission's attorney. But she did not say that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.770326137542725, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "\"Regarding Webster Hubbell and the Ward family, Mrs. Clinton said she knew Seth Ward as Mrs. Susie Hubbell's father,\" the report of her FDIC interview stated. The report added that Hillary Clinton said she knew vaguely about some of Ward's business and legal relationships with her colleague Hubbell, but she did not mention her own legal relationship with him and specifically denied knowing anything about Castle Grande.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.910402297973633, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In fact, the billing records disclosed that among the 60 hours of work that Hillary Clinton billed Madison were 14 meetings or telephone conversations she had with Ward in late 1985 and early 1986 concerning the IDC or Castle Grande property. Far from her earlier glancing description of Ward as \"Susie Hubbell's father,\" the first lady described him in the later interview in unforgettable terms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.819460868835449, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In all her dealings with Ward during that period, Hillary Clinton said, she did not know that McDougal might have been using him to circumvent the law. As federal bank examiners later described it, Ward was used as a \"straw\" buyer to hold property in his own name for Madison because the thrift, as a regulated institution, faced restrictions on the amount of property it could own directly. She was unaware of this, Hillary Clinton said, because her work dealt with the sewer and microbrewery questions. Through all the investigations of these transactions, Ward has never been charged with any wrongdoing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.651412963867188, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "When asked by the RTC about the May 1 option, Hillary Clinton said she had \"no recollection of doing this,\" but acknowledged that records indicated she did. The RTC concluded in its final report on Rose that \"Mrs. Clinton prepared this option in two hours and probably without much discussion as to its purpose.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.738418579101562, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "When Hillary Clinton was asked what she was doing with Ward during their Feb. 28, 1986, meeting, she told RTC lawyers: \"I do not recall what I did on that day.\" She said she did not know that the utility was sold that day. To the best of her recollection, she said, her discussion with Ward would have involved her research on the sewer issue. In its final report, the RTC said \"there is no persuasive reason not to credit Mrs. Clinton's answer.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.663849830627441, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Why was Hillary Clinton not more forthcoming about her work with Ward from the beginning? Whatever the reason, Ward was her strongest connection to Castle Grande, the enterprise that had the most potential to embarrass her.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.672584533691406, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Fifteen months after Hillary Clinton paid her first visit to James McDougal to secure Madison Guaranty's business with the $2,000-a-month retainer, she wrote – and had hand-delivered to McDougal – a letter declaring that the Rose Law Firm was dropping him as a client as of July 14, 1986. Her explanation of how and why this happened was that it was simply a business decision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.261301040649414, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "That is the same day Hillary Clinton sent the hand-delivered letter over to McDougal severing Rose's relationship with him and returning an unearned retainer check for $4,622.53. Did her swift action have anything to do with the possible public embarrassment she and her husband might suffer because of their financial and legal connections to McDougal, who according to federal examiners was running his thrift like a private piggy bank?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.501331329345703, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton told the RTC lawyers that she knew nothing about the FHLBB meeting in Dallas with the board of directors. She said she knew nothing about the restrictions placed on Madison. She said her husband did not talk to her about the letter from Schaffer to Bratton or the note from Wright to him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82354736328125, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "It is possible that Hillary Clinton did not know about any of these connected events at the time. But given that she was her husband's closest political adviser, more astute financially than he was, more active in their Whitewater deal with McDougal, and one of Madison's lawyers, why would she not pick up on all the regulatory warnings sent to Clinton at the governor's office?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.2354936599731445, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "An addendum to this part of the story: In July 1988, two years after cutting off her legal representation of McDougal, Seth Ward and Madison, Hillary Clinton received an internal Rose memo stating that the firm was undertaking a thorough housecleaning and getting rid of old files that took up needed storage space. In response, she authorized the destruction of some of her Madison files, including one concerning the \"Ward Option\" on the parcel at Castle Grande. She said later that the tossing of those Madison papers was a meaningless act, just routine housecleaning. The RTC study of the Rose Law Firm said there did not seem to be any more to it than that, adding: \"The worst that might be said is that Mrs. Clinton should have checked with her client before discarding files that belonged to it.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.590615272521973, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "There was a chance that Hillary Clinton's work for Ward could have been revealed in that case. She said she did not know about the Ward lawsuit, which when it went to trial drew wide attention in Little Rock's legal community.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.870552062988281, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton: Yes, David did, and I certainly understand why he gave us that advice and I have a very high regard for him. David was not with us in the '92 campaign. We actually did that with the New York Times. We took every document we had, which again I have to say were not many. We laid them all out, but the New York Times was getting many documents; they were getting many stories. They were getting, you know, accusations from other people. So when they would ask us a follow-up question, we'd have to say, we don't know anything about that, and then they would say, well, then, maybe you can't answer our question.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.903524398803711, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The impression Hillary Clinton conveyed with that answer was that from the very beginning she was eager and willing to respond to questions and to provide every possibly relevant document to the press, but that she quickly came to realize it was an impossible task to satisfy her questioners, a frustration that she appears to have felt many outsiders, and even some close advisers such as Gergen, did not fully understand. That is why inside the White House she opposed Gergen's recommendation to put everything on the table for the press to examine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.975079536437988, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Among the documents that could have been, but were not, made public in that initial 1992 press inquiry, or at least characterized, were the billing records detailing the amount of work Hillary Clinton had done for McDougal and Madison Guaranty. Those billing records were subpoenaed later by federal investigators and seemed to be missing until they happened to show up one day in 1995 in a reading room on the third floor of the White House residence. But they were not missing years earlier when the first questions about them were being asked.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.344989776611328, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "On Feb. 12, 1992, at a time when Bill Clinton was in New Hampshire, struggling to save his nascent campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, besieged by questions about his marital infidelity and avoidance of the draft, the billing records were printed out at the Rose Law Firm in Little Rock. Hillary Clinton's two closest associates at the firm, Webster Hubbell and Vincent Foster, were assigned to examine them to see what they revealed about her work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07687759399414, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "Among the markings on the billing records, Hubbell testified, was a red-pen notation made in Foster's handwriting that read \"HRC – this suggests first matter.\" HRC are Hillary Rodham Clinton's commonly used initials. The notation was on a page where the bills showed she first called the Arkansas Securities Commission. Asked whether Foster's notation was meant for someone else, Hubbell testified: \"I really don't know. I mean, I would hate to guess. It looks like it's directed to Mrs. Clinton, but I do not know; probably somebody in the campaign.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.375432014465332, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "If Hillary Clinton knew about the billing records then, she chose not to release them or refer to them in her 1992 responses. The Washington Post was also making repeated requests to the campaign during that period for any documents showing the extent of her legal work for McDougal and Madison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.849987030029297, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "On that summer day, she found a sheaf of records lying on a table in the middle of the book room – 116 pages of records. She said later that these had the appearance of law firm records. But it did not connect that these might be the long-sought Rose billing records of Hillary Clinton. She has said that she put them in a box with some \"knickknacks,\" took the box back to her office and stuck it under a table.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.958555221557617, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "During that first week of August last year, the RTC's inspector general issued a report revealing for the first time that Rose Law Firm did legal work for Madison on the Castle Grande enterprise and that Hillary Clinton apparently was one of 11 Rose lawyers who worked on the case. This report would likely have provoked curiosity among people involved in Rose and Castle Grande, including the first lady and Webster Hubbell.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.597004413604736, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "It was also during that period in early August, shortly after the RTC inspector general's report came out, that David Kendall, Hillary Clinton's lawyer, invited Little Rock lawyer Alston Jennings to visit her at the White House. Jennings was Seth Ward's lawyer, the one who represented him in his civil suit against Madison Guaranty after the falling out involving Castle Grande commissions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.06582260131836, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "But the rediscovery of the billing records was not public knowledge that August. Huber packed them up and forgot about them, she said later, until Jan. 4, 1996, when she was moving things around in her East Wing office and came across the knickknack box and there they were. This time she realized their importance. She called her own attorney and Kendall, not Hillary Clinton. She was, according to Kendall and Jane Sherburne, a White House lawyer who was also present, shaken and distraught after finding the records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.526116371154785, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "How a public figure reacts to a controversy can be as important as what happened in the first place. Hillary Clinton certainly understands this truism of modern American politics. In her first job out of Yale Law School in 1974, she worked on Capitol Hill as a junior lawyer for the House Judiciary Committee's impeachment inquiry staff, where she examined the inner workings of the Nixon White House during the Watergate coverup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.097722053527832, "source": "search", "title": "Washingtonpost.com: Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Repubicans and the right-wing media have long demonised Mrs Clinton as an unelected radical but only recently have they started to draw blood. The Washington Times, which is viscerally anti-Democrat but so far accurate on Whitewater, said yesterday that during the 1992 presidential election Hillary Clinton had repeatedly called couriers to the governor's mansion in Arkansas to take papers to be shredded at the Rose Law Firm, where she was a partner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.831068515777588, "source": "search", "title": "Clinton defends his wife over Whitewater: Scandal and ..." }, { "answer": "H Clinton", "passage": "Apart from a superficial acquaintance with both Clintons shared by thousands of Arkansans, I know none of the characters in the Whitewater saga personally. (My wife gave Clinton a little bit of money and went to Wisconsin for a week on his behalf as an \"Arkansas Traveler\" at her own expense. But that's her business.) What little I have written over the years has been mostly critical.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.462954998016357, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Even Arkansans long weary of Clinton's amoeba-like style of leadership--his indecisiveness, his downright genius for equivocation, his habit of launching more trial balloons than the National Weather Service--can't recognize the caricature of either the man or his milieu in the national press. And we're not just talking about such off-the-wall publications as The American Spectator or the Wall Street Journal editorial page. In The New Republic, author L.J. Davis accused Bill and Hillary Clinton of a nefarious plot to void Arkansas usury limits for the benefit of the First Lady's banker clients. Problem is, the deed was done through an amendment to the Arkansas constitution by public referendum during the term of Republican Governor Frank White--a banker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.153772354125977, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "In 1985, Mrs. Clinton and her Little Rock law firm, the Rose firm, twice applied to the Arkansas Securities Commission on behalf of Madison, asking that the savings and loan be allowed to try two novel plans to raise money.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2020845413208, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Mrs. Schaffer wrote to Mrs. Clinton and another lawyer at the firm approving the ideas. \"I never gave anybody special treatment,\" she said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.152604103088379, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "The real bombshell was Gerth and Engelberg's December 15, 1993, story, which all but accused both Clintons, Jim McDougal, and Beverly Bassett Schaffer of criminal conspiracy to keep Madison Guaranty afloat regardless of the cost. But the implication in that account that has shown the most staying power involves a supposed quid pro quo involving Hillary Rodham Clinton. It centers on an April 1985 political fund-raiser Jim McDougal held and the suspicion that he may have illegally siphoned Madison Guaranty funds into Bill Clinton's campaign coffers. \"Just a few weeks after Mr. McDougal raised the money for him,\" the Times noted darkly, \"Madison Guaranty won approval from Mrs. Schaffer, Mr. Clinton's new financial regulator, for a novel plan to sell stock.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.512487411499023, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "\"The search for new capital,\" Gerth and Engelberg continued, took Madison to the offices of Mrs. Schaffer, who had the ultimate authority to approve any such stock sale. One of the lawyers employed by Madison to argue its case before the state regulators was Mrs. Clinton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11013412475586, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Within weeks, Mrs. Schaffer wrote a letter to Mrs. Clinton giving preliminary approval to Madison's stock plan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19992446899414, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The distortions begin with the headline of the original Gerth story in the Times: CLINTONS JOINED S.&L. OPERATOR IN AN OZARK REAL-ESTATE VENTURE. This headline was misleading because when Bill and Hillary Clinton entered into the misbegotten partnership to subdivide and develop 230 forested acres along the White River as resort property in 1978, Jim McDougal wasn't involved in the banking and S&L businesses at all. He was a career political operative--a former aide to Senators J. William Fulbright and John L. McClellan. In the meantime, McDougal had done well in the inflation-fueled Ozarks land boom of the Seventies. But it wouldn't be until five years later--by which time the Whitewater investment was already moribund--that he bought a controlling interest in Madison Guaranty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.16900634765625, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "There is not the slightest evidence, then, that Bassett Schaffer inappropriately delayed taking action against Madison. Nor, it seems, did she bend the law when asked by Hillary Clinton to approve a stock sale by the ailing thrift.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.937088012695312, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "For Hillary Rodham Clinton to have ventured anywhere near Madison in any capacity was a damn fool thing to do. But the fact is that her entire involvement in the \"novel\" stock issue consisted of the mention of her name in a letter written by a junior member of the Rose Law Firm expressing the opinion that it would be permissible under state law for Madison Guaranty to make a preferred stock offering. After studying the applicable statutes and consulting with her staff, Bassett Schaffer agreed. \"Arkansas law,\" she wrote in a two-paragraph letter dated May 14, 1985--the now-famous \"Dear Hillary\" missive--\"expressly gives state chartered associations all the powers given regular business corporations... including the power to authorize and issue preferred capital stock.\" Bassett Schaffer had issued the narrowest sort of regulatory opinion. Had she ruled otherwise, Madison Guaranty would have had no difficulty finding a judge to reverse her. Anyway, no application was ever filed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.461642265319824, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "The same faults that mar Jeff Gerth's reporting on Whitewater--misleading innuendo and ignorance or suppression of exculpatory facts--also showed up in the Times accounts of Hillary Rodham Clinton's commodity trades with Springdale attorney Jim Blair and her husband's dealings with Tyson Foods. \"During Mr. Clinton's tenure in Arkansas,\" Gerth wrote near the top of his March 18, 1994, front-page account, \"Tyson benefited from a variety of state actions, including $9 million in government loans, the placement of company executives on important state boards and favorable decisions on environmental issues.\" The alleged $9 million in loans was the implied quid pro quo for old pal Blair's generous tips to Hillary in the 1970s that helped her turn $ 1,000 into nearly $ 100,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.741190433502197, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Following Gerth's report, the incriminating $9 million figure appeared virtually everywhere. The Times itself weighed in with a March 31 editorial called \"Arkansas Secrets,\" attacking the \"seedy appearances\" of Bill and Hillary Clinton's \"extraordinary indifference to...the normal divisions between government and personal interests.\" The same editorial went on to deride what it called \"the Arkansas Defense\": that \"you cannot apply the standards of the outside world to Arkansas, where a thousand or so insiders run things in a loosey-goosey way that may look unethical or even illegal to outsiders.\" Nor have Times editorial writers been the only ones to scold the Clintons for succumbing to the lax moral climate of the president's native state. The Baltimore Sun, Spiro Agnew's hometown paper, opined that the First Lady's adventures in the cow trade \"certainly don't smell right, especially considering that Jim Blair represented a giant, influential agribusiness firm in Arkansas that later received what seemed to be favors from Gov. Clinton.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.748775482177734, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "An article on March 18 about Hillary Rodham Clinton's commodity trades misstated benefits that the Tyson Foods company received from the state of Arkansas. Tyson did not receive $9 million in loans from the state; the company did benefit from at least $ 7 million in state tax credits, according to a Tyson spokesman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38813591003418, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Fool for Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton’s current legal predicaments caused by her email misconduct may be a surprise to some Americans. But it isn’t surprising to Judicial Watch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.759871482849121, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Prosecutors ultimately decided not to indict Mrs. Clinton, calculating that they could not win the complicated, largely circumstantial case against such a high-profile figure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.0079984664917, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Documents from the Rose Law Firm—Mrs. Clinton’s former employer at the center of the growing scandal—were passed to a campaign aide in the firm’s “parking lot that night,” demonstrating that Mrs. Clinton and her Rose Law Firm Partners—Webster Hubbell and Vincent Foster—were early participants in the cover-up.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.010449409484863, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The new document follows on the heels of JW’s release last month of 246 pages of previously undisclosed Office of Independent Counsel (OIC) internal memos on criminal charges against Hillary Clinton in the Whitewater investigation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.358638763427734, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Then, a few weeks ago, JW reporter Morrison provided even more details on the case, based upon a newly obtained confidential document. The document included a description of the case against Mrs. Clinton “in the legal terms of an indictment.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29367446899414, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "This detailed memo adds considerably to our understanding of Mrs. Clinton’s unethical — and likely criminal — past. The wealth of material uncovered by Judicial Watch in recent months strongly suggests that if she weren’t first lady at the time, she would have been successfully prosecuted in federal court.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.25686502456665, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "We also proved that an actual draft indictment of Mrs. Clinton is being held by the National Archives, a document the agency refuses to turn over in response to our Freedom of Information Act requests.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.032329559326172, "source": "search", "title": "Reason to Revisit the Clintons' Whitewater Scandal" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491353988647461, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "In an presage of the drama unfolding as the FBI investigates the private email server Hillary Clinton used as secretary of state, the newly released documents also show that Starr declined prosecution in 1998 only out of concern a jury would not convict the first lady.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.108212947845459, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "“These new Hillary Clinton prosecution memos are damning and dramatic,” said Judicial Watch President Tom Fitton. “Hillary Clinton’s bank fraud, obstruction, lies and other fraud began in Arkansas, continued in the White House and actually accelerated because of the suicide of her friend Vincent Foster.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.617572784423828, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "“As we continue the court fight to get the actual draft indictment of Hillary Clinton we first uncovered in this investigation, Americans would do well to read these memos,” Fitton said. “If you want to understand the deplorable ethics and corruption at the Clinton State Department, these documents provide important background.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.028825759887695, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham Clinton", "passage": "An April 20, 1998, memo by the “HRC (Hillary Rodham Clinton) Team” addressed to “All OIC Attorneys” outlines the conclusions reached by the federal prosecutors:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19993782043457, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton’s legal work at the Rose Law Firm with Webb Hubbell included a criminal scheme to defraud a local savings and loan bank arranging fraudulent loan purchases in a real estate transaction known as “Castle Grande.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27476692199707, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The memo said that during the 1992 campaign for president, media inquires caused Hillary Clinton, Hubbell and Foster to collect additional Rose Law Firm records relating to Hillary Clinton’s work for Madison Guarantee Savings and Loan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245441436767578, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Judicial Watch noted Hillary Clinton, according to Starr’s federal prosecutors, drafted an option agreement that concealed from federal bank examiners a fraudulent $300,000 cross-loan in the Castle Grande transaction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331470489501953, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The memo confirmed that when Foster died, on or about July 20, 1993, Hillary Clinton, most likely with the complicity of White House Counsel Bernard Nussbaum, removed from Foster’s office Whitewater-related documents that Clinton did not want disclosed to the public.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.238292694091797, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "On the evening of July 22nd [1993], Thomas Castleton, an intern in the White House, assisted [Maggie] Williams [Hillary Clinton’s chief-of-staff] in carrying the box of personal documents [removed from Foster’s office] up to the 2nd floor of the Residence of the White House. Williams told Castleton that the documents were going to be given to the Clintons’ attorney, after they had been reviewed by Hillary Clinton and the President. Castleton placed the box in a closet in Hillary Clinton’s office, Room 323. That closet is approximately 30 feet from the table in the Book Room, Room 319A, where the billing records were found two years later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.013480186462402, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The memo said two copies “of the most significant of these records, Hillary Clinton’s billing records for the work she did for MGSL, are known to exist – one set was discovered in a briefcase in Vince Foster’s attic in July 1997; the other set was the Book Room adjacent to Hillary Clinton’s office in August 1995 and publicly released in January 1996.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99384880065918, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Between January 1994 and February 1996 both Hillary Clinton and Hubbell made numerous sworn statements to the RTC [Resolution Trust Company], the FDIC, the Senate and the House of Representatives, and to OIC. Each of these reflected and embodied materially inaccurate stories relating to: how the RLF [Rose Law Firm] came to be retained by MGSL; Hillary Clinton’s role in the IDC/Castle Grande venture; Hillary Clinton’s role in representing MGSL before state agencies; Hubbell’s representations to the RTC and FDIC regarding Hillary Clinton’s role in the IDC/Castle Grande venture; and the removal of records from RFL.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.016153335571289, "source": "search", "title": "Memos show Hillary ‘guilty of criminal fraud’ in Whitewater" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "The memos are “statements of the case” against Hillary Clinton and Webster Lee “Webb” Hubbell, Hillary Clinton’s former law partner and former Associate Attorney General in the Clinton Justice Department.  Ultimately, the memos show that prosecutors declined to prosecute Clinton because of the difficulty of persuading a jury to convict a public figure as widely known as Clinton.  But it wasn’t a lack of evidence of criminality that led to the decision not to prosecute Hillary Clinton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.25820255279541, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "What, then are the crimes under consideration?  Between January 1994 and February 1996 both Hillary Clinton and [Webster] Hubbell made numerous sworn statements to the RTC, the FDIC, the Senate and the House of Representatives, and to the OIC. Each of these reflected and embodied materially inaccurate stories relating to: how RLF [Clinton and Hubbell’s Rose Law Firm] came to be retained by MGSL [the Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan]; Hillary Clinton’s role in the IDC/Castle Grande venture; Hillary Clinton’s role in representing MGSL; Hillary Clinton’s role in representing MGSL before state agencies; Hubbell’s representations to the RTC [Resolution Trust Corporation] and FDIC regarding Hillary Clinton’s role in the IDC/Castle Grande venture; and the removal of records from the RLF. The question, generally, is not whether the statements are inaccurate, but whether they are willfully so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.509649276733398, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Vincent Foster and the Missing Rose Law Firm Billing Records. The Rose records were a key piece of evidence in the probe. They were missing for years. After Foster’s July 1993 suicide, the OIC documents note, where the billing records went “is an open question….  Several pieces of evidence support the inference that personal documents which Hillary Clinton did not want disclosed were located in Foster’s office at the time of his death and then removed.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.058822631835938, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Removal of Records from Vincent Foster’s Office. “[O]n the afternoon of July 21st Bernard Nussbaum, then White House Counsel, initially agreed to allow two career DOJ employees to review the documents in Foster’s office for evidence that might shed light on the cause of his death.  That evening and the next morning Nussbaum, Hillary Clinton, Susan Thomases, and Maggie Williams (Hillary Clinton’s chief of staff) exchanged 10 separate phones calls … That morning, according to the DOJ employees, Nussbaum changed his mind and refused to allow the DOJ prosecutors to review the documents; instead, he reviewed them himself and segregated several as ‘personal’ to the Clintons.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.462784767150879, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hiding the Billing Records.  “On the evening of July 22nd, Thomas Castleton … assisted Williams [Maggie Williams, Hillary Clinton chief of staff] in carrying a box of personal documents up to … a closet in Hillary Clinton’s office. The closet is approximately 30 feet from the table in the Book Room, where the billing records were found 2 years later…. There is a circumstantial case that the records were left on the table by Hillary Clinton. She is the only individual in the White House who had a significant interest in them and she is one of only 3 people known to have had them in her possession since their creation in February 1992.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.177927017211914, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "On March 19, 2015 , the National Archives admitted locating records responsive to the Ewing material request, confirming that it found 38 pages of responsive records in a folder entitled “Draft Indictment,” and approximately 200 pages of responsive records in a folder entitled “Hilary Rodham Clinton/Webster L. Hubbell Draft Indictment.”  We are now in federal court to force the release of the draft indictment, which is being withheld by the National Archives to protect the privacy of Hillary Clinton.  Hillary Clinton is a public figure running for president of the United States.  Why would her alleged privacy outweigh the public interest in a draft indictment of her by federal prosecutors!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.681333541870117, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "These new Hillary Clinton prosecution memos are damning and dramatic.  Hillary Clinton’s bank fraud, obstruction, lies, and other fraud began in Arkansas, continued in the White House and actually accelerated because the suicide of her friend Vincent Foster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.555704116821289, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "If you want to understand the deplorable ethics and corruption at Hillary Clinton’s State Department, these documents provide important background.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.209035873413086, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "We have more on this topic coming soon, so be sure to check in.  In the meantime, you have a weekend’s worth of educational reading, as good as any potboiler, about the corruption of Hillary Clinton (and her co-conspirator, Bill).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.248674392700195, "source": "search", "title": "New Clinton Crime Records - Judicial Watch" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "UPDATE: Steve Rhodes has a substantive response to the Tribune editorial, but it's only convincing in showing that Hillary Clinton never did anything illegal (as opposed to unethical).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.0922212600708, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "I've already written about the corruption issue as it relates to the current issue of earmarks . My primary reason for bringing up these scandals is because I think the same standards should be applied to all candidates (I'll get to John McCain's scandals later this year). If Barack Obama is going to be attacked for the very minor Rezko \"scandal\", then Hillary Clinton deserves the same treatment for her involvement in many more scandals of far greater significance. The books by Carl Bernstein as well as Jeff Gerth and Don Van Natta also provide useful (and often damning) information that the public hasn't heard in the media coverage of the campaign.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.246954917907715, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Even Hillary Clinton's appointment of Maggie Williams (a central figures in one of the Clinton scandals) as campaign manager prompted almost universal silence about the Clinton scandals. We need to re-examine the scandals of the Clinton Era involving Hillary for two basic reasons: 1) these scandals will not be forgotten by the press and the 527s in the general election, so they will become a campaign issue hurting Democrats; 2) these scandals may indicate what kind of administration Hillary Clinton will have, and the danger is that she may appoint people like Williams with this history of misconduct.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.373458862304688, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "For each Clinton scandal (and I don't pretend to cover every single one), I provide a short summary along with my judgment of how serious the scandal was, and the degree of Hillary Clinton's involvement in it (on a scale of 1 to 10, 10 being the highest scandal).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.456793785095215, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton's Involvement: 9", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.523294448852539, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Johnny Chung gave $366,000 to the Democratic National Committee, and Hillary Clinton's office was his strongest defender under Hillary's chief of staff Maggie Williams. Williams declared, \"This is the one office where I can run it the way I want to,\" and she gave Chung remarkable privileges during Chung's 51 visits to the White House, including signed photographs with the first lady and the privilege to eat on her tab at the White House Mess. Williams testified, A prime example of his ... misguided behavior was his persistent request to give money directly to Mrs. Clinton. On more than one occasion, I told Mr. Chung this was not possible, although his offer was much appreciated. However, Williams' aide Evan Ryan directly told Chung that the DNC owed the White House $80,000 for a Christmas party and asked for a donation to help pay off the debt. Chung personally gave Williams inside the White House a $50,000 check for the DNC. Two days later, Chung brought in a group of Chinese businessmen into the Oval Office to watch Bill Clinton deliver his radio address, and have their picture taken with him. Chung pled guilty to election law violations for his illegal fund-raising.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.831847667694092, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Conclusion: The announcement on February 10, 2008 that Maggie Williams would become the new campaign manager for Hillary Clinton was a particularly shocking example of the influence-peddling that Hillary is willing to tolerate. Maggie Williams was Hillary's chief of staff as First Lady, and in that role Williams was deeply involved in an especially sleazy aspect of the Clinton Administration. Chung summarized his view of the Clinton Administration this way: The White House is like a subway -- you have to put in coins to open the gates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.404827117919922, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham", "passage": "Wikipedia summary: \"In 1978 and 1979, lawyer and First Lady of Arkansas Hillary Rodham engaged in a series of trades of cattle futures contracts. Her initial $1,000 investment generated nearly $100,000 when she stopped trading after ten months....At one point she owed in excess of $100,000 to Refco as part of covering losses, but no margin calls were made by Refco against her.....In 1995, economists from Auburn University and University of North Florida ran a statistical computer model against a record of Rodham's trades, factoring in Wall Street Journal market data from the time, and concluded in an article published in the Journal of Economics and Statistics that there was only a 1 in 250 million chance that Rodham could have made the profits she did legitimately.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.338973999023438, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Conclusion: There's no evidence that Hillary Clinton realized that she must have been getting some preferential treatment in order to benefit her and her husband financially. But she's not dumb enough to think that people make free money like this without risk. That's why she tried to conceal these facts. In 1992, Hillary personally warned staffers not to talk about the tax returns showing her profits, and the Clintons tax returns were only revealed up to 1980. The campaign successfully created a fake cover story to explain the jump in net worth, falsely telling reporters that it was a gift from Hillary's parents.(Gerth and Van Natta, p. 114-5) The fact that the Clintons currently refuse to reveal their tax returns strongly suggests they have something to hide, considering that their history of selective concealment of tax information to prevent scandalous information from coming out.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.465794086456299, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton's Involvement: 9", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.523294448852539, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton's Involvement: 1", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.511645317077637, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "From wikipedia: \"In March 2000, Bill Clinton pardoned Edgar and Vonna Jo Gregory, owners of the carnival company United Shows International, for charges of bank fraud from a 1982 conviction (the couple were already out of jail, but the prior conviction prevented them from doing business transactions in certain states). First Lady Hillary Clinton's youngest brother, Tony Rodham, was an acquaintance of the Gregorys, and had lobbied Clinton on their behalf. In October 2006, the group Judicial Watch filed a request with the U.S. Justice Department for an investigation, alleging that Rodham had received $107,000 from the Gregorys for the pardons, in the form of loans that were never repaid, as part of a quid pro quo scheme....Almon Glenn Braswell was pardoned of his mail fraud and perjury convictions, even while a federal investigation was underway regarding additional money laundering and tax evasion charges. Braswell and Carlos Vignali each paid approximately $200,000 to Hillary Clinton's brother, Hugh Rodham, to represent their respective cases for clemency. Hugh Rodham returned the payments after they were disclosed to the public.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.078850269317627, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "\"Marc Rich, a fugitive, was pardoned of tax evasion....Critics complained that Denise Rich, his former wife, had made substantial donations to the Clinton library and to Mrs. Clinton's senate campaign....According to Paul Volcker's independent investigation of Iraqi Oil-for-Food kickback schemes, Marc Rich was a middleman for several suspect Iraqi oil deals involving over 4 million barrels of oil.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.938081741333008, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Conclusion: Bill Clinton's abuse of his pardon power disgusted nearly everyone, but there's no clear evidence of Hillary Clinton's involvement. Still, it's hard to believe that she knew absolutely nothing about what her husband was doing on behalf of her brother and one of her major donors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.560371398925781, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton's Involvement: 5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.528186798095703, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Wikipedia summary: \"In 1993, the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, along with several other groups, filed a lawsuit against Hillary Clinton and Donna Shalala over closed-door meetings related to the health care plan. The AAPS sued to gain access to the list of members of the task force. Judge Royce C. Lamberth found in favor of the plaintiffs and awarded $285,864 to the AAPS for legal costs; Lamberth also harshly criticized the Clinton administration and Clinton aide Ira Magaziner in his ruling. Subsequently, a federal appeals court overturned the award and the initial findings on the basis that Magaziner and the administration had not acted in bad faith.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.028087615966797, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Conclusion: Hillary Clinton's secrecy about her health-care plan reflects a troubling tendency to avoid public disclosure. It probably wasn't illegal, but it hurt the effort to pass health care reform.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.135336875915527, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton's Involvement: 10", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.525120735168457, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton's Involvement: 8", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.516534805297852, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "In 1993, \"July 20: The Little Rock FBI obtains a warrant to search the office of David Hale as part of its investigation into Capital Management Services. In Washington, Deputy White House Counsel Vincent Foster drives to Ft. Marcy Park and commits suicide. That evening, White House Counsel Bernard Nussbaum, Clinton aide Patsy Thomasson, and Mrs. Clinton's chief of staff Maggie Williams visit Mr. Foster's office. According to testimony by a uniformed Secret Service officer, Ms. Williams exits the counsel's suite with an armful of folders.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.762459754943848, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Summary: I don't consider any of these Clinton scandals, alone or taken together, to be a disqualifying scandal that should prevent her from becoming president. I don't even think these scandals are the primary reasons why people shouldn't vote for Clinton in the 2008 primaries. However, many of these scandals do include real components that show very bad judgment on the part of Hillary Clinton. They are, at the very least, relevant information that the public deserves to know about before they cast a vote.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.331366539001465, "source": "search", "title": "A Clinton Scandal Primer - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Mrs Clinton", "passage": "Senator Lauch Faircloth, representative from North Carolina, SOT: I ask here today to Mrs Clinton did you .... and it's certainly fitting that Mrs Clinton answers that one simple question.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.258829116821289, "source": "search", "title": "USA - Whitewater Scandal - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "While so much attention is directed towards presidential candidate Hillary Clinton ’s classified email scandal from her days as Secretary of State, it is worth dredging up the career-long history that the former First Lady and Arkansas lawyer has with losing, withholding or misplacing important records pertaining to scandals that she, her husband and affiliates have been involved in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.265761852264404, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Has Buried Documents for Decades: “First Lady’s ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "While the State Department’s own internal probe found former Secretary Hillary Clinton violated federal recordkeeping laws, it’s not the first time she and her top aides shielded her email from public disclosure while serving in a government position.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.716689109802246, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Has Buried Documents for Decades: “First Lady’s ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "As the system at large prepares to rationalize away the actions of Hillary Clinton in regard to her ongoing saga with the email server scandal – because she won’t be held accountable, but instead placed in the highest office of the country – it is looking away from the serial actions of this woman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.056638717651367, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Has Buried Documents for Decades: “First Lady’s ..." }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Hillary Clinton's Long History of Hiding Documents - Breitbart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.475923538208008, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton's Long History of Hiding Documents - Breitbart" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "That’s what some in the media have insisted about former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s decision to use her own private server and email address to avoid public scrutiny for her entire tenure. David Brock, wild-haired henchman for Hillary Clinton at the Clinton-backed Media Matters for America, appeared on MSNBC today to play defense. He demanded that The New York Times retract their story on Hillary’s hidden emails. “There is no violation of law here, Joe, that I can see whatsoever,” Brock insisted. That prompted even MSNBC’s Mika Brzezinski to wonder aloud, “Oh, my God. I’m not sure what planet I’m on right now.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.808740615844727, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton's Long History of Hiding Documents - Breitbart" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "passage": "Probably the same planet, Mika, where the media have ignored Hillary Clinton’s obstructions and dissemblance for decades. Hillary Clinton has a long and inglorious history of alleged document tampering and questionable legal maneuverings. Here are some of her greatest hits:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.502681732177734, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton's Long History of Hiding Documents - Breitbart" }, { "answer": "Mrs. Clinton", "passage": "Hillary’s “Thwarted Record Requests.” On Wednesday, the Times reported that Clinton used her private email address to avoid turning over documents to Congressional committees investigating the Benghazi, Libya terror attack of September 11, 2012. According to the Times, “It was one of several instances in which records requests sent to the State Department, which had no access to Mrs. Clinton’s emails, came up empty.” The State Department did the same routine with regard to a Freedom of Information Act request asking for correspondence between Hillary and former political hit man Sidney Blumenthal; in 2010, the AP said its FOIA requests had gone unanswered by the State Department on the same grounds; the same holds true with regard to FOIA requests from conservative group Citizens United.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.099178314208984, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton's Long History of Hiding Documents - Breitbart" }, { "answer": "Hillary Rodham", "passage": "Hillary’s “Unethical Practices” During Watergate. According to Democrat Jerry Zeifman , Hillary “engaged in a variety of self-serving unethical practices in violation of House rules” designed to keep Nixon in office long enough to guarantee a Democratic presidential victory in 1976. Zeifman said that Clinton – then Hillary Rodham — had worked with Teddy Kennedy’s political strategist. More specifically, Zeifman accused Rodham of writing a fraudulent legal brief and grabbing public documents. Zeifman fired her, and later claimed that he wished he had reported her to the Bar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.474920272827148, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton's Long History of Hiding Documents - Breitbart" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "“I am not a consensus politician,” she announced upon assuming leadership of the Conservative Party, in February 1975. “I am a conviction politician.” Lady Thatcher’s convictions — in favor of free-market economics and Victorian values, against state socialism and personal permissiveness — were deeply polarizing (something she readily, even proudly admitted) and flew in the face of several decades of British politics. “There is no such thing as society,” she said in 1987, indicating her commitment to the primacy of the individual and markets.", "precise_score": -6.316734790802002, "rough_score": -10.110340118408203, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher attended the Franco-British summit in Paris.", "precise_score": -7.492945671081543, "rough_score": -10.317285537719727, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s being a woman proved, in some respects, even more asset than liability. It lent her a special fascination, something felt not just by voters and Conservative MPs but other world leaders. Pondering Lady Thatcher’s capacity to combine fierceness and femininity, President Francois Mitterrand of France observed, “She has the eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe.” Or as pop star Geri Halliwell put it, “We Spice Girls are true Thatcherites. Thatcher was the first Spice Girl, the pioneer of our ideology — Girl Power.”", "precise_score": 6.590090751647949, "rough_score": -0.5447823405265808, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Caligula, Marilyn, Spice Girl: Lady Thatcher was unlike any other resident of 10 Downing Street, before or since. As she wrote in her memoirs, “My background and experience were not those of a traditional Conservative prime minister. I was less able to depend on automatic deference, but I was also perhaps less intimidated by the risks of change.”", "precise_score": -3.076504945755005, "rough_score": -8.807700157165527, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "“I am not a consensus politician,” she announced upon assuming leadership of the Conservative Party, in February 1975. “I am a conviction politician.” Lady Thatcher’s convictions — in favor of free-market economics and Victorian values, against state socialism and personal permissiveness — were deeply polarizing (something she readily, even proudly admitted) and flew in the face of several decades of British politics. “There is no such thing as society,” she said in 1987, indicating her commitment to the primacy of the individual and markets.", "precise_score": -6.316734790802002, "rough_score": -10.110340118408203, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s being a woman proved, in some respects, even more asset than liability. It lent her a special fascination, something felt not just by voters and Conservative MPs but other world leaders. Pondering Lady Thatcher’s capacity to combine fierceness and femininity, French President Francois Mitterrand observed, “She has the eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe.” Or as pop star Geri Halliwell put it, “We Spice Girls are true Thatcherites. Thatcher was the first Spice Girl, the pioneer of our ideology — Girl Power.”", "precise_score": 6.769316673278809, "rough_score": 0.8187788724899292, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Caligula, Marilyn, Spice Girl: Lady Thatcher was unlike any other resident of 10 Downing Street, before or since. As she wrote in her memoirs, “My background and experience were not those of a traditional Conservative prime minister. I was less able to depend on automatic deference, but I was also perhaps less intimidated by the risks of change.”", "precise_score": -3.076504945755005, "rough_score": -8.807700157165527, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher became viscerally opposed to handing over more sovereignty. In her book Statecraft, she described the European Union as \"perhaps the greatest folly of the modern era\".", "precise_score": -10.331094741821289, "rough_score": -10.225303649902344, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Image caption Ex-French President Jacques Chirac said of Lady Thatcher that \"she never doubted being in the right\"", "precise_score": -6.874591827392578, "rough_score": -8.564409255981445, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Britain's current ambivalence towards the EU is part of Margaret Thatcher's legacy: the totemic role of the rebate; the insistence on opt-outs; the belief in British exceptionalism; the profound unease at power slipping away to a bureaucracy in Brussels.", "precise_score": -9.979459762573242, "rough_score": -10.222533226013184, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Falklands: “The Sphinx and the curious case of the Iron Lady’s H-bomb” (memoirs of Mitterrand’s psychoanalyst) | Margaret Thatcher Foundation", "precise_score": -4.1416778564453125, "rough_score": -10.32669448852539, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: “The Sphinx and the curious case of the Iron ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The figure who enters, 45 minutes late, is François Mitterrand, no less — the president of France. Magoudi discovers that his patient does not want to talk about his childhood or his dreams, but about Margaret Thatcher and the crisis over the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands.", "precise_score": -3.0259103775024414, "rough_score": -7.948968887329102, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: “The Sphinx and the curious case of the Iron ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "BOTH loved and loathed at home, Margaret Thatcher stirred similarly polarised feelings abroad. They began across the Channel. In office she had a tricky time with French leaders, whatever their political stripe. François Mitterrand once said that she had the mouth of Marilyn Monroe and the eyes of Caligula. Jacques Chirac, a former president on the right, was caught at a European summit declaring: “What more does that housewife want from me? My balls on a plate?”", "precise_score": 8.218635559082031, "rough_score": 3.825880527496338, "source": "search", "title": "Opinions divided | The Economist" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Socialist French President François Mitterrand and conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Together, they were the titans of European and world politics in the 80s. Together, they harkened back to the era when the fate of the world was decided by the statesmen of Europe in her chancelleries. … and they didn’t get along well.", "precise_score": -0.44470784068107605, "rough_score": -6.539641857147217, "source": "search", "title": "François Mitterrand | Iconic Photos" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Thatcher was taught as a child by her grocer father that the French were both Roman Catholic and Communist and riddled with sexual disease; Mitterand said that Margaret Thatcher had ‘the eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe’. Thatcher’s finest European hour came in 1984 when she marched into Fontainebleau to demand the ‘British rebate’–66% rebate from the French and the Germans who wanted to give only 50%.", "precise_score": 7.2909016609191895, "rough_score": 1.6285511255264282, "source": "search", "title": "François Mitterrand | Iconic Photos" }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "François Mitterrand once said of Lady Thatcher that ''she has the eyes of Caligula, but the mouth of Marilyn Monroe,'' but the works in the exhibition, which closes on Saturday, examine her from the perspective of hindsight, her power and her vibrancy diminished. In ''3 ft. Thatcher,'' for instance, the larger-than-life leader has been reduced to a tiny dull-eyed figure in a plain overcoat and humble head scarf.", "precise_score": 8.598795890808105, "rough_score": 5.050990104675293, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "But Lady Thatcher, who as recently as the last general election, in 2001, was still making front-page news every time she held forth on British politics, which was often, has not gone away. An audience of 3,000 executives recently gave her a rapturous and sustained standing ovation when she appeared onstage at the Royal Albert Hall after a taped interview that revealed her to be as implacably self-assured in her beliefs as ever.", "precise_score": -7.905206680297852, "rough_score": -10.369609832763672, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "But apart from her own contributions to dictionaries of quotations, Margaret Thatcher has inspired many others, both friend and foe. It was a Soviet newspaper which first called her ‘the iron lady’. The Labour politician Barbara Castle summed her up on the very day she was elected leader of her party: ‘She is so clearly the best man among them’. Another Labour opponent, Denis Healey, quoted her own backbenchers as describing her as ‘the Great She-elephant, She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed, the Catherine the Great of Finchley’, while it was his wife Edna who memorably summed her up as having ‘no hinterland; in particular she has no sense of history’. However, it was a Conservative who fixed one of the most enduring images associated with the Thatcher years, when Julian Critchley said in 1982 ‘She cannot see an institution without hitting it with her handbag’. The verb ‘to handbag’ meaning ‘to verbally attack or crush ruthlessly and forcefully’ has since entered the dictionary.", "precise_score": -7.7101898193359375, "rough_score": -10.10718822479248, "source": "search", "title": "‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "Images of her determination and strength are repeated over and over again. The French President François Mitterrand briefed his European Minister Roland Dumas that ‘She has the eyes of Caligula , but the mouth of Marilyn Monroe ’. On her final downfall, the Conservative MP John Biffen described her as ‘a tigress surrounded by hamsters’. But perhaps most evocative is the response from Lord Carrington during the Falklands War: when asked ‘If Mrs Thatcher were run over by a bus…?’, his reply was ‘It wouldn’t dare’.", "precise_score": 8.643959045410156, "rough_score": 5.318124771118164, "source": "search", "title": "‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was against a German reunification and also against the then discussed Maastricht Treaty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.745521545410156, "source": "wiki", "title": "François Mitterrand" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "In quotes: Margaret Thatcher - BBC News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285128593444824, "source": "search", "title": "In quotes: Margaret Thatcher - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Media captionMargaret Thatcher in her own words", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.208771705627441, "source": "search", "title": "In quotes: Margaret Thatcher - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher", "passage": "Baroness Thatcher was seldom one to hold back her views. Here are some of the things she said - and which were said about her.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.009162902832031, "source": "search", "title": "In quotes: Margaret Thatcher - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The Boston Globe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.801401138305664, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher became prime minister in May 1979, 18 months before her friend Ronald Reagan was elected president. Deng Xiaoping, John Paul II, and, later, Mikhail Gorbachev may have played a more significant role in the worldwide rightward shift that marked the final quarter of the 20th century. None, however, more clearly symbolized that shift, or worked more enthusiastically to further it, than Reagan and Lady Thatcher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140447616577148, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher acknowledged applause at the end of the Conservative Party conference in Blackpool in 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.355968475341797, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Before Lady Thatcher came to power, postwar Britain had been defined by “Butskellism,” as it was called, after two leading politicians of the 1950s, the Conservative Rab Butler and the Laborite Hugh Gaitskell. The term stood for a tacit agreement on the need for government intervention in economic and social policy to provide for the common good.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.873393058776855, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Thatcherism was as much about style as policy. As proudly middle class as its namesake, it disdained aristocratic snobbery as well as working-class egalitarianism. Thatcherism was about getting things done rather than getting along or going along. The taste for irony and understatement evinced by such Conservative predecessors as Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home was utterly alien to Lady Thatcher. Defiantly impolitic, she said what she meant — and said it bluntly. “I always found the most effective weapon was ‘No’ or sometimes ‘No, No, No!’ ’’ she said in her maiden speech to the House of Lords.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.930148124694824, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s blend of candor and assertiveness entranced supporters and enraged opponents. Unlike Reagan, whose affability helped make his policies popular, she earned a reputation for inflexibility, stridency, and arrogance. Rather than regretting such an image, Lady Thatcher seemed to revel in it. “I think sometimes the prime minister should be intimidating,” she once said. “There’s not much point being a weak, floppy thing in the chair, is there?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.968653678894043, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s forceful manner and disdain for compromise proved crucial in two of her greatest triumphs: Britain’s victory over Argentina in the Falklands War, in 1982; and the nationwide coal strike that began in March 1984 and ended with the crushing of the miners union a year later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.834981918334961, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Further complicating her image was her sex. “She is so clearly the best man among them,” wrote a Laborite minister, Barbara Castle, upon Lady Thatcher’s election as Conservative leader. The choice of noun was apt as well as pointed. Lady Thatcher had learned early on that she could ill afford to seem weak in what she once described as the “noisy, boisterous, masculine world” of the House of Commons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.489023208618164, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "In a statement Monday, Meryl Streep, who won a best actress Academy Award for playing Lady Thatcher in the 2011 film “The Iron Lady,” spoke of being in awe of “her personal strength and grit.” Streep noted that Lady Thatcher gave “women and girls around the world reason to supplant fantasies of being princesses with a different dream: the real-life option of leading their nation.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.174376487731934, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Born in Grantham, England, on Oct. 13, 1925, Margaret Hilda Roberts was the second daughter of Alfred Roberts, a grocer and lay Methodist minister, and Beatrice Roberts, a dressmaker. As Lady Thatcher never tired of reminding voters, she grew up “above the shop,” in an apartment that lacked indoor plumbing and hot water.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.770234107971191, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "The most important influence on Lady Thatcher was her father. From him, she obtained both her love of politics (a town councilor, he later became Grantham’s mayor) and strong sense of self.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.91606616973877, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher excelled at school and won a scholarship to Oxford University. She majored in chemistry and was the first female president of the Oxford University Conservative Association. After graduating, in 1947, Lady Thatcher spent four years working as a research chemist (she later became a lawyer). Lady Thatcher ran for Parliament in 1950 and ’51 in a solidly Labor district. She lost both times, but drew the attention of Conservative Party leaders. She interrupted her political career to marry Denis Thatcher, a wealthy businessman 10 years her senior, in December 1951. His genial, unemphatic personality would prove an ideal complement to her driven, sometimes-intemperate manner. “Typical of Margaret,” Thatcher remarked after his wife gave birth to a son and daughter, Mark and Carol, in 1953. “She produced twins . . . and avoided the necessity of a second pregnancy.” Sir Denis Thatcher died in 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.758733749389648, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Elected to Parliament in 1959, Lady Thatcher was given a minor Cabinet position just two years later. She held various posts in the Conservative shadow Cabinet while the party was out of office, from 1964 to 1970, in such major ministries as energy, transportation, and education. She was the only woman in Edward Heath’s Cabinet. Dissatisfaction with Heath was growing after Labor’s victory in 1974. When more prominent party figures shrank from opposing him, Lady Thatcher stepped forward. She led her party to victory in May 1979, gaining a 43-seat majority in Parliament.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.948535919189453, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s efforts to curb inflation and cut taxes met with success. They also led to a doubling of unemployment. As criticism of her policies mounted in 1980, Lady Thatcher declared, “To those waiting with bated breath for that favorite media catchphrase, the U-turn, I have only this to say. ‘You turn if you want; the lady’s not for turning.’ ” By late 1981, she had the lowest popularity rating ever recorded in a public opinion poll for a British prime minister.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.852782249450684, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Yet two developments came to her rescue. At home, Labor moved further left and the emergence of the new center-left party, the Social Democrats, helped splinter opposition. Abroad, in 1982, Argentina seized the British-controlled Falkland Islands. Lady Thatcher’s popularity soared with her steadfast leadership during the victorious 10-week military conflict that followed. “Great Britain is great again,” she proclaimed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.641073226928711, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Calling for elections in June 1983, Lady Thatcher led the Conservatives to a 144-seat majority in Parliament. Four years later, Conservatives won a 102-seat majority. Yet many senior Conservatives had grown restive under Lady Thatcher’s rule. Further weakening her popularity was widespread opposition to a poll tax and the privatizing of water and electrical utilities. In addition, her growing criticism of European Community policy set the stage for efforts to overturn her leadership. The first, in 1989, proved unsuccessful. The second, in November 1990, did not.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263420104980469, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s backing of John Major had proved crucial in his selection as her successor. He was far from being a dyed-in-the-wool Thatcherite, and his predecessor grew increasingly critical of him. In 1997, Lady Thatcher was widely quoted as saying of Major’s Labor opponent, “Tony [Blair] won’t let us down.” By 1998, though, she was saying of Blair (who had won a landslide victory two years before), “I’m worried about that young man, he’s getting awfully bossy.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937068939208984, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "In addition to her children, Lady Thatcher leaves two grandchildren. A sister, Muriel, died in 2004. A ceremonial funeral will be held at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London next week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20206356048584, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The Boston Globe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.237282752990723, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher became prime minister in May 1979, 18 months before her friend Ronald Reagan was elected president. Deng Xiaoping, John Paul II, and, later, Mikhail Gorbachev may have played a more significant role in the worldwide rightward shift that marked the final quarter of the 20th century. None, however, more clearly symbolized that shift, or worked more enthusiastically to further it, than Reagan and Lady Thatcher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140447616577148, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Prior to Lady Thatcher’s coming to power, postwar Britain had been defined by “Butskellism,” as it was called, after two leading politicians of the 1950s, the Conservative Rab Butler and the Laborite Hugh Gaitskell. The term stood for a tacit agreement on the need for government intervention in economic and social policy to provide for the common good.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.993614196777344, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Thatcherism was as much about style as policy. As proudly middle class as its namesake, it disdained aristocratic snobbery as well as working-class egalitarianism. Thatcherism was about getting things done rather than getting along or going along. The taste for irony and understatement evinced by such Conservative predecessors as Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home was utterly alien to Lady Thatcher. Defiantly impolitic, she said what she meant — and said it bluntly. “I always found the most effective weapon was ‘No’ or sometimes ‘No, No, No!,’“ she said in her maiden speech to the House of Lords.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.914958000183105, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s blend of candor and assertiveness entranced supporters and enraged opponents. Unlike Reagan, whose affability helped make his policies popular, she earned a reputation for inflexibility, stridency, and arrogance. Rather than regretting such an image, Lady Thatcher seemed to revel in it. “I think sometimes the prime minister should be intimidating,” she once said. “There’s not much point being a weak, floppy thing in the chair, is there?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.968653678894043, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s forceful manner and disdain for compromise proved crucial in two of her greatest triumphs: Britain’s victory over Argentina in the Falklands War, in 1982; and the nationwide coal strike that began in March 1984 and ended with the crushing of the miners’ union a year later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.84963321685791, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Further complicating Lady Thatcher’s image was her sex. “She is so clearly the best man among them,” wrote a Laborite minister, Barbara Castle, upon Lady Thatcher’s election as Conservative leader. The choice of noun was apt as well as pointed. Lady Thatcher had learned early on that she could ill afford to seem weak in what she once described as the “noisy, boisterous, masculine world” of the House of Commons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.695884704589844, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "In a statement Monday, Meryl Streep, who won a best actress Academy Award for playing Lady Thatcher in the 2011 film “The Iron Lady,” spoke of being in “awe” of “her personal strength and grit.” Streep noted that Lady Thatcher gave “women and girls around the world reason to supplant fantasies of being princesses with a different dream: the real-life option of leading their nation.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.17933177947998, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Born in Grantham, England, on Oct. 13, 1925, Margaret Hilda Roberts was the second daughter of Alfred Roberts, a grocer and lay Methodist minister, and Beatrice Roberts, a dressmaker. As Lady Thatcher never tired of reminding voters, she grew up “above the shop,” in an apartment that lacked both indoor plumbing and hot water. “My ‘Bloomsbury,’ ” she once wrote, referring to the cultural hub of radicalism in the 1920s and ’30s, “was Grantham — Methodism, the grocer’s shop, Rotary and all the serious, sober virtues cultivated and esteemed in that environment.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.877235412597656, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "The most important influence on Lady Thatcher was her father. From him, she obtained both her love of politics (a town councilor, he later became Grantham’s mayor) and strong sense of self. A favorite piece of advice, one much taken to heart, was “Never do things just because other people do them.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.991841316223145, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher excelled at school and won a scholarship to Oxford University. She majored in chemistry and was the first female president of the Oxford University Conservative Association. After graduating, in 1947, Lady Thatcher spent four years working as a research chemist (she later became a lawyer). Lady Thatcher ran for Parliament in 1950 and ’51 in a solidly Labor district. She lost both times, but drew the attention of Conservative Party leaders. She interrupted her political career to marry Denis Thatcher, a wealthy businessman 10 years her senior, in December 1951. His genial, unemphatic personality would prove an ideal complement to her driven, sometimes-intemperate manner. “Typical of Margaret,” Thatcher remarked after his wife gave birth to a son and daughter, Mark and Carol, in 1953. “She produced twins … and avoided the necessity of a second pregnancy.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.759769439697266, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Elected to Parliament in 1959, Lady Thatcher was given a minor Cabinet position just two years later. She held various posts in the Conservative shadow Cabinet while the party was out of office, from 1964 to 1970, in such major ministries as energy, transportation, and education. She was the only woman in Edward Heath’s Cabinet. As minister for education and science she drew criticism for eliminating free milk for schoolchildren, earning her the sobriquet “Thatcher the milk snatcher.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.860057830810547, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Dissatisfaction with Heath was growing after Labor’s victory in 1974. When more prominent party figures shrank from opposing him, Lady Thatcher stepped forward. She led her party to victory in May 1979, gaining a 43-seat majority in Parliament.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.005392074584961, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s efforts to curb inflation and cut taxes met with success. They also led to a doubling of unemployment. As criticism of her policies mounted in 1980, Lady Thatcher declared, “To those waiting with bated breath for that favorite media catchphrase, the U-turn, I have only this to say. ‘You turn if you want; the lady’s not for turning.’“ By late 1981, she had the lowest popularity rating ever recorded in a public opinion poll for a British prime minister.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.858555793762207, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Yet two developments came to Lady Thatcher’s rescue. At home, Labor moved further left and the emergence of new center-left party, the Social Democrats, helped splinter opposition. Abroad, in 1982, Argentina seized the Falkland Islands. Lady Thatcher’s popularity soared with her steadfast leadership during the victorious 10-week military conflict that followed. “Great Britain is great again,” she proclaimed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004579544067383, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Calling for elections in June 1983, Lady Thatcher led the Conservatives to a 144-seat majority in Parliament. Four years later, Conservatives won a 102-seat majority. Yet many senior Conservatives had grown restive under Lady Thatcher’s rule. Further weakening her popularity was widespread opposition to a poll tax and the privatizing of water and electrical utilities. In addition, her growing criticism of European Community policy — especially the prospect of British participation in the European Monetary System — set the stage for efforts to overturn her leadership. The first, in 1989, proved unsuccessful. The second, in Nov. 1990, did not.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.040898323059082, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s backing of John Major had proved crucial in his selection as her successor. He was far from being a dyed-in-the-wool Thatcherite, and his predecessor grew increasingly critical of him. In 1997, Lady Thatcher was widely quoted as saying of Major’s Labor opponent, “Tony [Blair] won’t let us down.” By 1998, though, she was saying of Blair (who had won a landslide victory two years before), “I’m worried about that young man, he’s getting awfully bossy.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937068939208984, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Still, it might be that the greatest tribute paid to Lady Thatcher was the way in which Blair, rather than rejecting Thatcherism, did his best to present himself as carrying on its tradition of forward-looking vigor and entrepreneurial optimism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.229904174804688, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "In addition to her children, Lady Thatcher leaves two grandchildren. A sister, Muriel, died in 2004. A ceremonial funeral will be held at London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral next week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20793342590332, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher", "passage": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34780502319336, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Image caption Over the years, Margaret Thatcher became viscerally opposed to handing over more sovereignty to Europe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210987091064453, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "At the same time he once asked about Margaret Thatcher: \"What does she want from me, this housewife? My balls on a plate?\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.797916412353516, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The caricature of Margaret Thatcher was of a UK prime minister constantly \"hand-bagging\" other European leaders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.421154022216797, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "There were, however, many sides to Margaret Thatcher's relationship with Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.720436096191406, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher", "passage": "Baroness Thatcher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42835521697998, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher was a strong supporter of the single market in Europe and signed the Single European Act.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.228169441223145, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "European officials recognise that it was Margaret Thatcher who shaped many of the UK's instincts towards Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988944053649902, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "They learnt early that Lady Thatcher was a conviction politician. She approached every meeting or summit with passionate intensity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.716853141784668, "source": "search", "title": "Europe and Baroness Thatcher: The great divide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Copyright © Margaret Thatcher Foundation 2017. All Rights Reserved. Page generated in 0.2891 seconds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478815078735352, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: “The Sphinx and the curious case of the Iron ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "In Republican memory Mrs Thatcher cannot be divided from Ronald Reagan, the conservative movement’s secular saint. Her death prompted pride in the two friends’ parallel achievements, as political leaders who pulled their countries back from a sense of inevitable decline, and their joint triumphs, most notably in speaking useful truths about the cruelty and weakness of the communist system. But today’s Republican leaders, battered by election setbacks, also liked her prickly obduracy, and her disdain for the vagaries of opinion polls or headlines. John Boehner, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, drew particular comfort from her remark, “Defeat? I do not recognise the meaning of the word.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.891942977905273, "source": "search", "title": "Opinions divided | The Economist" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "Democrats similarly dug into Mrs Thatcher’s record as a guide for their own party. They assumed that Reagan had won votes for his right-wing policies in the 1980s simply because of his avuncular charm; but Mrs Thatcher was also winning elections on a platform of free markets, a roll-back of union power and individual liberty, and she was both strident and deeply unpopular. What Mrs Thatcher exposed, said Al From, founder of the Democratic Leadership Council that laid the groundwork for Bill Clinton’s dragging of his party towards the centre ground, was that “we were selling products nobody really wanted to buy. They made us come up with our new ideas.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14123821258545, "source": "search", "title": "Opinions divided | The Economist" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "Those hoping that Hillary Clinton might make a run for the presidency in 2016—including, it seems, Barack Obama—talked wistfully about Mrs Thatcher’s breaking of glass ceilings. The point was made by women elsewhere. In Norway Siv Jensen, the steely blonde leader of the free-market Progress Party, lavished praise on Mrs Thatcher as her inspiration. And in South Korea Park Geun-hye, the country’s first female leader, who has been compared to Mrs Thatcher for years and has only encouraged the comparison, expressed “great sorrow” at her death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.114225387573242, "source": "search", "title": "Opinions divided | The Economist" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "Mrs Park now faces her own Falklands moment with the growlings from Pyongyang; but it is Shinzo Abe, the prime minister of Japan, who has been more recently inspired by Thatcher the warrior, in his confrontation with China over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands. He admitted being moved to tears by the scene in the film “The Iron Lady” where Mrs Thatcher, played by Meryl Streep, speaks about the war in the House of Commons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937041282653809, "source": "search", "title": "Opinions divided | The Economist" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "No such sentimentality coloured the reaction in China, though Mrs Thatcher is a hero to the ultra-liberals and is even viewed with some respect by mainstream academics linked to the government. Much of the press coverage focused on her contribution to the 1984 agreement that led to Hong Kong’s handover to China in 1997. But Chinese newspapers noted her submission to China’s unbending will in 1982, when, emboldened by the Falklands victory, she tried to push China for a deal that would allow for a continued British role in Hong Kong after 1997. Deng Xiaoping firmly made it clear that this was unacceptable. She rapidly capitulated. The Beijing Times, a Chinese-language newspaper, in an online review of her career, included pictures of her fall down the steps of the Great Hall of the People after her rebuff by Chinese leaders. Global Times, an English-language newspaper with a nationalist bent, noted that since Mrs Thatcher left office there had been no more iron men or iron ladies—partly because of a “decline in European power”, which made it impossible to maintain so rigid a stance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.745255470275879, "source": "search", "title": "Opinions divided | The Economist" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "A rueful respect, with cautious use of words, characterised the reaction in the many countries and institutions that had had run-ins with Mrs Thatcher. In Brussels José Manuel Barroso, president of the European Commission, said she would be remembered for both her contributions to, and her reservations about, the European project. Martin Schulz, president of the European Parliament, noted that she had been a committed European “in the beginning”—without saying what she later became. In South Africa the ruling African National Congress (dismissed by Mrs Thatcher as a terrorist organisation), said it had been “on the receiving end of her policy”, and lamented her “failure to isolate apartheid” by agreeing to sanctions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.423008918762207, "source": "search", "title": "Opinions divided | The Economist" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "In Russia, though Vladimir Putin, the president, paid tribute to her historic role, the obituaries were short and did not make the front pages. It was telling that Mikhail Gorbachev (a man whom Mrs Thatcher famously said she could do business with) wrote about her for Britain’s Guardian, rather than any Russian newspaper. Though Mrs Thatcher wowed the Russian intelligentsia on her visit to Moscow in 1987, she had no connection with, and stirs little interest in, Mr Putin’s Russia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.901389122009277, "source": "search", "title": "Opinions divided | The Economist" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love Letters in a London Exhibition - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.194944381713867, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Arts |Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love Letters in a London Exhibition", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201170921325684, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The best-known artistic depiction of Margaret Thatcher in recent years is a huge marble statue showing her standing magnificently erect, gripping her famous handbag. This work was decapitated last year at the Guildhall Art Gallery by an anti-Thatcherite Londoner (''We can ill afford to ever lose our sense of humor,'' he said, before being sentenced to three months in prison), which is as telling a comment as any on the passions this former prime minister still stirs up here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.024961471557617, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher is now 77, and more than a decade has passed since she was deposed as prime minister in a humiliating move by enemies from her own party. She is in frail health, and after she suffered the latest in a series of small strokes, her doctor advised her last year not to speak in public again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.933211326599121, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "''She still has the power to provoke incredibly extreme feelings in people, which is very unusual in this country -- we're normally very unemotional about politicians,'' said Tara Howard, curator of the Blue Gallery show. (Lady Thatcher has not seen the exhibition, her office said.) ''She has this ability to get under people's skin, to be very, very provocative.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.668954849243164, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher was not regarded as a friend of artists during her premiership, although her love of market forces helped Young British Artists like Damien Hirst, with their emphasis on commercial savvy and clever self-promotion, flourish in London. It almost goes without saying that the 14 pieces in the show, which include sculptures, paintings, photographs and a video installation, take either a satirical or a negative view of Lady Thatcher. There are no outright love letters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.704412460327148, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "But only a few pieces are blindly antagonistic. Some artists, including Wolfgang Tillmans and Matt Collishaw, refused to participate on the ground that their hatred of Lady Thatcher would have overridden their ability to produce thoughtful works, Ms. Howard said. The 13 artists who did take part, including Keith Tyson and Martin Creed, both winners of the Turner Prize, created pieces that are funny, provocative, strange, affecting and full of mixed messages.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004764556884766, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "As one looks at the art, it starts to become clear that the noise emanating from somewhere in the gallery background is Lady Thatcher's voice. Further exploration reveals it to come from a back room that houses Mark Wallinger's video installation, ''The Sleep of Reason,'' in which he has taken her stirring speech to the 1982 Conservative Party conference and edited it from blink to blink in her expression so it looks as though she is continuously asleep.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.115988731384277, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs. T", "passage": "''She famously got by on so little sleep, and it's very hard to imagine Mrs. Thatcher having an unconscious life,'' Mr. Wallinger told The Guardian. ''I wanted to create the suggestion of sleep, to invade her privacy, to subject her to a different kind of scrutiny.'' Mr. Wallinger told the paper that he, too, was surprised that his feelings had softened over the years. ''It was a curious process to go back and look at her old speeches, because at that time I hated her,'' he said. ''It was different to look at her in retrospect. The speeches brought a tear to the eye. You could see her chipping away at human weakness and greed.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.42717170715332, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Perhaps the most poignant image is a photograph taken by the artist Paul Graham in April 2002 at an event celebrating the publication of Lady Thatcher's latest book, ''Statecraft,'' an impassioned argument against Britain's continued membership in the European Union. It was the day, Ms. Howard said, that Lady Thatcher had been instructed to renounce public speaking, a terrible blow for a woman who has always thrived in the limelight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10947036743164, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "It is an enormous picture, with Lady Thatcher's image in the lower corner, surrounded by an expanse of black. She is heavily, almost garishly made up, her hair a shellacked helmet, her lips covered in shocking red. She is looking down, and appears worn, distracted, old.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.600107192993164, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher as Muse; Mixed Messages but No Love ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher’ | OxfordWords blog", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425375938415527, "source": "search", "title": "‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "Home > ‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385795593261719, "source": "search", "title": "‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352068901062012, "source": "search", "title": "‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "In May 1979 the United Kingdom elected its first female Prime Minister, in spite of her own comment ten years earlier: ‘No woman in my time will be Prime Minister or Chancellor or Foreign Secretary—not the top jobs. Anyway I wouldn’t want to be Prime Minister. You have to give yourself 100%’. A few years later, having become Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher went on to say ‘In politics if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman’. In fact, the things she said were so memorable that she has become one of the most quoted politicians of modern times. Most people recognize ‘there is no real alternative’, ‘the lady’s not for turning’, ‘the Falklands Factor’, ‘Rejoice, rejoice!’, ‘Victorian values’, ‘We can do business together’, and ‘There is no such thing as Society’.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.896005630493164, "source": "search", "title": "‘If you want anything said, ask Mrs Thatcher ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Nigel David Short (born 1 June 1965) is an English chess grandmaster, chess columnist, chess coach and chess commentator. Short earned the Grandmaster title at the age of 19, and was ranked third in the world by FIDE from January 1988 to July 1989. In 1993 he became the first English player to play a World Chess Championship match, when he qualified to play Garry Kasparov in the World Chess Championship 1993 in London, but lost.", "precise_score": 3.146721839904785, "rough_score": 5.88349723815918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "A chess prodigy, Short first attracted significant media attention, as a 10-year-old, by defeating Viktor Korchnoi in a simultaneous exhibition. In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday. Two years later, at the British Championship in Chester 1979, the 14-year-old tied for first place with John Nunn and Robert Bellin, earning his first IM norm. He became (at the time) the youngest International Master in chess history, by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/80 and thus breaking Bobby Fischer's record of 1958. Participating in four World Junior Championships (1980–1983), Short achieved his best result during his first attempt in which he placed second to Garry Kasparov in 1980 at Dortmund. He was awarded the grandmaster title in 1984, aged nineteen—becoming the youngest grandmaster in the world at that time.", "precise_score": 5.87095832824707, "rough_score": 5.26735258102417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Nigel David Short was born in Leigh in Lancashire, the second son of Jean and David Short. A bona fide chess prodigy, Short defeated Viktor Korchnoi in a simul at the age of 10 and was the youngest ever qualifier for the British Championships at the age of 11. When he earned his International Master title at the age of 14, he was at that time the youngest ever to earn that title. When he won the Grandmaster title at the age of 19, he was the youngest GM in the world at the time. He subsequently rose to dominate English chess in the 80s and 90s following in the wake of Anthony Miles , culminating in a challenge for the World Championship in 1993.", "precise_score": 6.424643039703369, "rough_score": 7.7990922927856445, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "<National> In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday. When Nigel was 14, he tied for 1st place in the British Championship of 1979 with John Nunn and Robert Bellin , earning his first IM norm. Short won the British Chess Championship in 1984, 1987, and 1998, and the English Championship in 1991. He came =1st in the British Championships (2011) at the age of 46, but lost the tie breaker to Michael Adams .", "precise_score": 8.06141471862793, "rough_score": 9.176542282104492, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short became the then youngest International Master in chess history, by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/80. He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in many international tournaments including Geneva (1979), the BBC Master Game (1981), Amsterdam OHRA (1982), Baku (1983), Esbjerg (1984), Wijk aan Zee (1986 and 1987), Reykjav�k (1987), Amsterdam VSB (1988, 1991, 1992, and 1993), Hastings (1987/88 and 1988/89), P�rnu (1996), Groningen (1996), Tallinn/P�rnu (1998), Dhaka United Insurance (1999), Shymkent (1999), Pamplona (1999/2000), the Tan Chin Nam Cup in Beijing (2000), Sigeman and Co. Malm� (2002), Gibraltar (2003), Gibraltar Masters (2004) , Hunguest Hotels Super Chess Tournament (2003) , Samba Cup (2003), Skanderborg (2003), Taiyuan (2004), Politiken Cup (2006) , Baku 2008, Bazna King's Tournament (2008) , Sigeman & Co (2009) , 11th BCC Thailand Open (2011) , Thailand Open 2012 and Luanda (2011). In 2012, he came =1st with Women's World Champion Yifan Hou at Tradewise Gibraltar (2012) but won the blitz tiebreak match to take first prize. He then won the 12th Bangkok Open (2012) with a score of 8/9 and came equal 1st with Adams in the unrated Bunratty Masters (2012) ; however he lost to Adams in the tiebreak. Another good result was =2nd at Corus Group B (2009) after losing the last round game to Fabiano Caruana , who won the event by half a point. In July 2012, Short won the Edmonton International (2012) outright with 7/9 (+6 -1 =2).", "precise_score": 5.139586925506592, "rough_score": 5.2328691482543945, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Still a teenager in 1981, Kasparov won his first of two Soviet Championships, his first elite international tournament, and qualified for his first Candidates Tournament -- the youngest player to do so since Bobby Fischer (15). By 1984, Kasparov would become the youngest-ever Challenger for the world title and, at 22 years old in 1985, the youngest-ever World Chess Champion. His win over Anatoly Karpov kicked off an epic rivalry between the two through the 1980s, seeing Kasparov defend the world title in three separate matches through 1990. Karpov defended again over Nigel Short in 1993, and a fifth time against Viswanathan Anand in 1995. After a 15-year reign, Kasparov finally relinquished his throne to Vladmir Kramnik in 2000.", "precise_score": 6.107516288757324, "rough_score": 7.744868278503418, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Eventually a three-time British champion, Short became the youngest-ever competitor in his nation’s title event just days before his 12th birthday, and soon after tied for first at 14 years old in 1979. He secured his International Master title later that year, the youngest in chess history to earn the inscription at the time, and eventually became the youngest Grandmaster in the world after earning the title at 19.", "precise_score": 5.581084728240967, "rough_score": 5.707016944885254, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "A chess prodigy, Short first attracted significant media attention, as a 10-year-old, by defeating Viktor Korchnoi in a simultaneous exhibition. In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday. Two years later, at the British Championship in Chester 1979, the 14-year-old tied for first place with John Nunn and Robert Bellin, earning his first IM norm. He became (at the time) the youngest International Master in chess history, by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/80 and thus breaking Bobby Fischer's record of 1958. Participating in four World Junior Championships (1980–1983), Short achieved his best result during his first attempt in which he placed second to Garry Kasparov in 1980 at Dortmund. He was awarded the grandmaster title in 1984, aged nineteen—becoming the youngest grandmaster in the world at that time.", "precise_score": 5.87095832824707, "rough_score": 5.26735258102417, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Nigel Short was born on June 1, 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire United Kingdom. He was the second son of David Short. He grew up in Atherton and studied at Bolton School and Leigh College. He was a God gifted prodigy, at the age of 10 won against Viktor Korchnoi in an exhibition which caught the media’s attention. He was the youngest player who has qualified for the British Championship at the age of 11. On January 11 1980 at the age of 14, he earned his International Master title and was the youngest ever to earn that title in the history of chess.", "precise_score": 5.442083358764648, "rough_score": 6.766741752624512, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Best Of Chess" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The title Grandmaster is awarded by FIDE.  Nigel Short won this long life title in 1984 at the age of 19. When Nigel was14, he tied for 1st place in the British Championship of 1979 with John Nunn and Robert Belin earning his 1st IM norm. He also participated in the World Junior Championships from 1980 to 1993. In 1993, he became the first English player to play a world chess championship match when he qualified to play against Garry Kasparov in London but lost.", "precise_score": 6.378585338592529, "rough_score": 7.108110427856445, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Best Of Chess" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Throughout his career as a great professional chess player, Nigel Short has represented England in every Olympiad since 1984. He became the youngest International Master in the chess history by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier from1979 to 1980. Since 1984, he gained three victories in Dubai in 1986, three team silvers in 1984, 1986 and 1988 respectively. He has also won a team bronze medal (Novi Sad) in 1990. He won the British Chess Championships in 1984 and 1998 as well as the English Championship in1991.", "precise_score": 7.4310431480407715, "rough_score": 9.411113739013672, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Best Of Chess" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "He obtained the 1st place in Genève in 1979 and during the BBL Master Game in 1981, at AMSTERDAM OHRA in 1982. He came 1st in the British Championship from 2011 at the age of 46 but lost his tie breaker to Michael Adams. That year he lifted his rating back into the 2700 group. According to the list of world chess federation (FIDE) Nigel Short was ranked as the 62nd player in the world. Currently he is doing his job as coach of young chess players and travels around the world to share his knowledge.", "precise_score": 3.4533345699310303, "rough_score": 5.364357948303223, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Best Of Chess" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On April 25-26, former World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov and famed English Grandmaster Nigel Short will play a series of blitz and rapid games at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis (CCSCSL), rekindling the duo's match at the 1993 World Chess Championship.   Kasparov is widely considered one of the greatest chess players of all-time, one of the youngest World Champions in history who held the world's No. 1 spot from 1985 until his retirement in 2005. ", "precise_score": 5.573398590087891, "rough_score": 8.297320365905762, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Hailed a chess prodigy at the age of 10, Short was one of the youngest grandmasters in the world, earning the title at age 19 in 1984, and later became the first Englishman to compete for the World Chess Championship in 1993.   \"Rapid and blitz chess are - as the name suggests, fast and furious. The smallest mistake can ruin a strategy quickly,\" Kasparov said. \"It's not often that I get to play Nigel and relive that moment on the chess world stage in 1993, and we're both excited to have Saint Louis as the venue for this exhibition. An international spotlight has been shown on the city thanks to the efforts of the Chess Club and Scholastic Center, advancing chess through its combination of research, scholastic programs and these high-profile events and exhibitions.\"", "precise_score": 6.59719181060791, "rough_score": 5.98252534866333, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1977, Short qualified to the British Chess Championship three days before turning 12, making him the youngest participant ever. Two years later, he tied for first place (with John Nunn and Robert Bellin) in the 1979 British Chess Championship in Chester. This earned him his first IM norm.", "precise_score": 4.920675754547119, "rough_score": 6.0678558349609375, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "When a 14 year old Short scored 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/1980, he became the youngest International Master in chess history, breaking Boddy Fischers record from 1958. (Short’s record has since been broken as well.)", "precise_score": 4.117210388183594, "rough_score": 3.9847066402435303, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On April 25-26, former World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov and famed English Grandmaster Nigel Short will play a series of blitz and rapid games at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis (CCSCSL), rekindling the duo’s match at the 1993 World Chess Championship.", "precise_score": 1.2393945455551147, "rough_score": 4.8110575675964355, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Hailed a chess prodigy at the age of 10, Short was one of the youngest grandmasters in the world, earning the title at age 19 in 1984, and later became the first Englishman to compete for the World Chess Championship in 1993.", "precise_score": 7.392531394958496, "rough_score": 5.202374458312988, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Garry Kasparov, originally named Weinstein, was born on April 13, 1963. He is unainamously regarded as the greatest chess player of all time. In 1976, he was the strongest player in the world under age 13.  He became a grandmaster at 17, the youngest Soviet champion at 18 and the youngest world champion  at 22 years, 210 days.  In his first international tournament, Baku 1979, he exceeded the Grandmaster norm and took first place as an unrated player. His first FIDE rating was 2500.  He became the World Junior Champion in 1980 and co-champion of the USSR in 1981. In 1987 he wrote his autobiography, Child of Change.  In 1993 he founded the Professional Chess Association (PCA), which he said later was his biggest mistake.  He was the first Soviet to do a Western commercial.  In May, 1997 he lost a match with the chess computer. DEEP BLUE.  In 1993 he broke away from FIDE and defeated Nigel Short for the PCA World Championship.  In 2000 he lost his title to Vladimir Kramnik in the Braingames World Chess Championship, but continues to be the highest rated chess player in the world.  His FIDE rating has been as high as 2849.  He has been the world’s #1 rated player since 1984.  In 1989 he was the first person to top 2800.  From 1981 to 1991 he did not lose a single chess event.  He successfully defended his world chess championship title more times than any champion.  His Pepsi ad, shown in the 2002 Superbowl, was nominated for an Oscar.  From 1981 to 1990, Kasparov won 15 straight tournaments in a row.  After winning Linares (but losing his last game to Topalov) in 2005, he announced his retirement from chess on March 10, 2005.  His last FIDE rating was 2812.  He is currently involved in Russian politics.", "precise_score": 2.4452052116394043, "rough_score": 6.028843402862549, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short was born 1 June 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire. He grew up in Atherton, going to the St Philip's Primary School on Bolton Old Road. He studied at the independent Bolton School and Leigh College. He was a member both of Atherton Chess Club, which was founded by his father, David, and later of Bolton Chess Club, which had initially rejected him, aged seven, for being too young.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.691824913024902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short's assaults on the World Chess Championship title began in earnest in 1985 when he narrowly qualified from the Biel Interzonal to become Britain's first-ever candidate. He needed a playoff to advance past John van der Wiel and Eugenio Torre for the last berth, after the three had tied in regulation play. The Montpellier Candidates Tournament brought Short little success, however, as he scored 7/15 to finish in tenth place. In the next cycle, he again qualified by winning the 1987 Subotica Interzonal with Jon Speelman. The Candidates stage had by this time reverted to its traditional match format: Short defeated Gyula Sax (+23) in Saint John, Canada, in 1988, but then unexpectedly lost (−2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.101895809173584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "According to Short and Kasparov, the head of the chess world's governing body FIDE, Florencio Campomanes, decided on the location of the match (Manchester) and the prize fund without consulting them, in breach of FIDE rules. The British WIM and author Cathy Forbes, in her book Nigel Short: Quest for the Crown (Cadogan 1993), wrote that at no time in the 1993 bidding process was a conforming World Championship match bid actually received by FIDE. In response, Short and Kasparov promptly formed a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association. The resulting match—sponsored by The Times newspaper—was held under the auspices of the new body in London, from September to October 1993. Kasparov won convincingly (+6−1=13) – the largest margin of victory in a world title contest since Botvinnik defeated Tal in 1961. Short's play came in for heavy criticism from BBC commentators Bill Hartston and Tony Miles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.189991474151611, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short won the British Chess Championship in 1984, 1987, and 1998, and the English Championship in 1991. He was the Commonwealth Champion in 2004, 2006 (both Mumbai) and 2008 (Nagpur). He won the 2006 EU Individual Open Chess Championship in Liverpool and took a share of second place in the 2008 edition, when it was held there again. He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in dozens of other international tournaments including Geneva (1979), Belfort, World Under 16 (1979), the BBC Master Game (1981), Amsterdam OHRA (1982), Baku (1983), Esbjerg (1984), British Rapidplay Chess Championship (1986), Wijk aan Zee (1986, 1987), Reykjavík (1987), Amsterdam VSB (1988, 1991, 1992, 1993), Hastings (1987/88, 1988/89), Pärnu (1996), Groningen (1996), Tallinn/Pärnu (1998), Isle of Man Monarch Assurance 1998, Dhaka United Insurance (1999), Shymkent (1999), Pamplona (1999/2000), Linares Open (2000), Tan Chin Nam Cup, Beijing (2000), Sigeman and Co. Malmö (2002, 2009, 2013 joint first shared with Richárd Rapport and Nils Grandelius), Gibraltar (2003, 2004, 2012), Budapest Hunguest Hotels (2003), Samba Cup, Skanderborg (2003), Taiyuan (2004), the Politiken Cup (2006), Bazna (2008), the Staunton Memorial (2009), Thailand Open (2011, 2012, 2015), Luanda (2011), 7th Edmonton International (2012), Bunratty (2012), RA Club Ottawa (2012), Pühajärve Rapid Chess Tournament (2012), Spicenet Tanzania Open (2013), PokerStars Isle of Man (2014), Zaw Win Lay Memorial Yangon (2014) and the South African Open (2015).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2567428350448608, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short won the 50th edition of the Canadian Open Chess Championship in Ottawa in 2013, edging Canadian Grandmaster Eric Hansen on tiebreak, after both finished with unbeaten 7½/9 scores. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.023834228515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In a return to Tehran in March 2013, Short played a second match against the Iranian player Ehsan Ghaem Maghami. Billed as Talking Chess, the contest comprised four games with a classic time control, four games of rapid chess and eight games of blitz. As the classic games progressed, the players gave an intermittent live commentary, aimed at increasing the understanding of the live and television audiences, who could contrast and compare the player's own thoughts and assessments. Short won the classic games (+22), the rapid games (+3−1) and the blitz games (+3−2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.314302444458008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "A perennial fixture on the English national team, Short made his international team debut in the European Team Chess Championship at age seventeen at Plovdiv 1983, and has represented England continuously ever since. Short's main highlights are: team silver medals in the chess Olympiads of Thessaloniki 1984, Dubai 1986 (where he also took gold medal for the best individual performance on board three) and Thessaloniki 1988. He took a team bronze in the Novi Sad Olympiad of 1990, and led England to fourth-place finishes in both 1994 and 1996. He led the English team to victory in the 1997 Euroteams at Pula, and was a member of the bronze winning team in 1992, and of fourth place teams in 1983 and 2001. He was a member of three English teams in the World Team Chess Championships of 1985 (team bronze), 1989 (team bronze), and 1997 (team fourth). His complete log when representing England in major team events follows.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8506829738616943, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short has written chess columns and book reviews for the British newspapers The Sunday Times, The Daily Telegraph, the Daily Mail and The Spectator. He wrote for The Sunday Telegraph for a decade and for The Guardian between 2005 and 19 October 2006. He reported on the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 in San Luis, Argentina, for the ChessBase website. He began a new column \"Short Stories\" for New in Chess magazine in January 2011. During the World Chess Championship 2013 he wrote a series of articles for The Indian Express. In 2014, he began writing a column for the Financial Times, interviewing Sol Campbell in the first article. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.454727172851562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "He has individually coached young prodigies Pendyala Harikrishna, Sergey Karjakin, David Howell and Parimarjan Negi. He worked as national coach of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2006 to 2007. His first assignment led to them unexpectedly capturing a team bronze medal at the Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, in 2006. In the nine chess events at the Asian Indoor Games in Macau 2007, Iran took a silver and two bronze medals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.607405662536621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short was made an honorary Fellow of the then Bolton Institute of Higher Education in 1993 and was admitted to the honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Bolton in 2010. In 1999 he was appointed MBE, in recognition of his chess accomplishments. In August 2005, he was unanimously elected secretary general of the Commonwealth Chess Association. In June 2006 he became its president, until stepping down in January 2008. He is the current FIDE delegate to the ECF, a post held since 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.232379913330078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "During important chess events in recent years, Short is often engaged for commentary as part of live broadcasts on the Internet. Chess historian Edward Winter has named him one of the top five Internet broadcasters. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22225570678711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 2001, Short told The Sunday Telegraph chess column that he believed he had been secretly playing the reclusive former chess champion Bobby Fischer on the online chess platform Internet Chess Club in speed chess matches. Fischer denied ownership of the account. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.717780113220215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In the same DNA interview, Short was critical of the role of members of the Appeals Committee at the 2005 and 2006 World Championships, in particular FIDE Vice-President Zurab Azmaiparashvili whom he described as \"singularly inappropriate for such work having, by his own admission, cheated in winning the 2003 European Championship.\" Azmaiparashvili filed a formal complaint to the FIDE Ethics Commission, which convened in July 2007. While dismissing the main complaints against Short, the Commission sanctioned him for a minor violation of the FIDE Code of Ethics for his use of the word \"dunderhead\". This decision was met with derision from the British Chess Magazine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.613359451293945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 2015 Nigel Short was criticised for saying that women had a different skill set than men, and that men were \"hardwired\" to be better at chess, although he also stated that women are better in other areas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.149291515350342, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The chess games of Nigel Short", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5054385662078857, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In London in February 1991, he bested Speelman in the tiebreaker by 1.5-0.5 after drawing the preliminary best-of-8 match 4-4 (+2 =4 -2). He then proceeded to defeat Gelfand (+4=2�2) in the best-of-8 quarter final match played in Brussels in August 1991, and then overcame the former World Champion Anatoly Karpov by 6-4 (+4=4�2) in the best-of-10 semi-final match played in Linares in April 1992. In the best-of-14 match final held in San Lorenzo de El Escorial in January 1993, Short defeated Dutchman Jan Timman by 7.5-5.5 (+5=5�3) to earn the right to meet defending World Champion Garry Kasparov, who had successfully defended his crown three times against Karpov. According to Short and Kasparov, FIDE President Florencio Campomanes breached FIDE rules by deciding to stage the match in Manchester and to determine the prize fund without consulting them. Short and Kasparov responded by forming the Professional Chess Association (PCA) and the resulting match�sponsored by The Times newspaper�was held under the auspices of the PCA in London, from September to October 1993. Kasparov won by 12.5-7.5 (+6−1=13) in the best-of-24 match, the largest margin of victory in a world title contest since the Tal - Botvinnik World Championship Return Match (1961) .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4011735916137695, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short�s next attempt at the title remained under the auspices of the PCA. Qualifying directly for the PCA Candidates match by virtue of being the losing challenger in the match against Kasparov, Short tied 4-4 (+1 =6 -1) with Boris Gulko in the best-of-8 quarterfinal match held at the Trump Tower in New York City in July 1994, before winning 1.5-0.5 in the classically-timed tiebreaker. He then bowed out to Gata Kamsky 5.5-1.5 (+1 =1 -5) in the best-of-10 quarter final match held at the same venue. Rejoining the FIDE cycle, Short competed in its 1997 Knockout contest to determine the challenger to Karpov, the winner of the last FIDE cycle. He defeated Korchnoi 3.5-2.5 in round 2 (into which he had been directly seeded), Andrei Sokolov 2-0 in round 3, Alexander Beliavsky 3-1 in round 4 and Michal Krasenkow 2-0 in the quarter final before losing to Adams in the semi-final 4-3 in the sudden death tiebreaker. In the 1999 FIDE Knockout contest for the World Championship, Short, again seeded directly into round 2, beat Daniel Fridman 1.5-0.5, Beliavsky in round 3 by 1.5-0.5, before succumbing to Alexey Shirov by 1.5-0.5 in round 4. In the 2000 event, Short was unexpectedly beaten 3.5-2.5 in the tiebreaker of round 2, where he had been directly seeded, by Frenchmen Igor Alexandre Nataf . In the FIDE World Championship Knockout Tournament (2001) , Short was knocked out of the competition in round 1 when he was again unexpectedly defeated 1.5-0.5 by Argentinian GM Daniel Hugo Campora . In FIDE World Championship Knockout Tournament (2004) , Short defeated Yemeni IM Hameed Mansour Ali Kadhi 2-0 in round 1, but lost in the 2nd round to Krasenkow 1.5-0.5. Short did not contest the FIDE World Cup (2005) but participated in the World Chess Cup (2007) where he was defeated in the first round tiebreaker by David Baramidze , the last time Short contested the World Championship cycle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.731121063232422, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In January 2013, Short again appeared on the leader board at Gibraltar, placing =1st with a score of 8/10 alongside with Maxime Vachier-Lagrave , Chanda Sandipan and Nikita Vitiugov at the Tradewise Gibraltar (2013) . This time the tiebreak was a knockout blitz contest between the four players, the Tradewise Gibraltar (Tiebreaks) (2013) ; Short eliminated Vachier-Lagrave 1.5-0.5, and then lost to Vitiugov in an epic 2-game mini match to become runner-up in the event. A few months later in April 2013, Short participated in the 13th Bangkok Chess Club Open, placing =8th (11th on tiebreak) with a score of 6.5/9 and shedding 12 ratings points. The following month in May 2013, Short came =1st (2nd on tiebreak behind Richard Rapport ), with 4.5/7 at the category 15 21st Sigeman & Co (2013) in Sweden and then in June 2013 he won with 6/6 at the Tanzanian Open and came 2nd behind Lazaro Bruzon Batista in the 8th Edmonton International (2013) . In July 2013, he won the Canadian Open with 7.5/9 and in October 2013 he placed =2nd (3rd on tiebreak) alongside Alexander Moiseenko at the Indonesian Open after defeating him in the final round, a point behind the outright winner, Alexey Dreev .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.659414291381836, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In October 2014, Short returned to form after a prolonged slump during which he briefly left the world's top 100. At the Isle of Man, he won the PokerStars IoM Masters (2014) with 7.5/9, a clear point ahead of a strong field that included runners-up Laurent Fressinet , Sergei Tiviakov , David Howell (whom he defeated in the final round to clinch first prize) and Gil Popilski as well as lower placed super-GMs such as countryman Adams and others such as world #13 Maxime Vachier-Lagrave and Armenian #2 Gabriel Sargissian . Short also returned to the world's top 100 in the November 2014 FIDE rating list. In November 2014, Short travelled to Burma to win the GM Zaw Win Lay Memorial International Open with 6.5/8. A few months later in April 2015, Short won the Bangkok Chess Club Open (2015) with 7.5/9, on tiebreak, ahead of co-leader Surya Shekhar Ganguly . In July 2015, he won the South African Open with 9/11, after the tiebreak placed him ahead of fellow co-leaders Aleksa Strikovic and Abhijit Kunte .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.134973526000977, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "<Team championships> Short played top board for the England team in the First World U16 Team Chess Championship held in Viborg in 1979, winning individual gold and leading his team to victory to take team gold. The 14 year-old won six games and drew one, pulling a performance rating of 2632 while his FIDE rating was 2210. He then went on to participate in the European and World Team Championships. His first taste of playing in the European Team Championships came in 1983 when 18 year-old IM Short played board 7 in the event held in Plovdiv, winning individual silver while his team came fourth. He played board one in 1992, 1997 and 1999, winning team and individual bronze medals in 1992 during the Debrecen event, and an individual gold in 1997 in Pula. He again played for England in 2001, 2011 and 2013, playing second board in 2001 and 2011, and board 3 in 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.544114112854004, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short has also participated in the Spanish Teams Championship, the French Top 16 League, the Bosnia and Herzegovina Team Championships, the Attica team Championship in Greece, the Chinese Premier League, and in the 4 Nations Chess League held in the UK. In 2013 and 2014, he helped his team Guildford 1 win the 4NCL. He is again playing for Guildford 1 in 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.6823248863220215, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "<Olympiads> Short has represented England at every Olympiad since 1984, winning individual gold in Dubai in 1986, three team silvers (Thessaloniki 1984, Dubai 1986 and Thessaloniki 1988) and a team bronze medal (Novi Sad 1990). In his first appearance at the Thessaloniki Olympiad in 1984, Short played 2nd reserve for the silver medal-winning England team. In 1986, he played board 3, winning individual gold and team silver. He played top board for his country from 1988 until 1996, and board 2 from 1998 until 2010. He played his 15th consecutive Olympiad in Istanbul at the Chess Olympiad (2012) in August-September 2012, scoring 7.5/10 and placing 5th on board 3 overall and lifting his rating back into the 2700 group. He also played board 3 for England at the Chess Olympiad (2014) .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.103268623352051, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short took first place at the Estonian P�haj�rve 13. kiirmaleturniir (13th Sacred Lake Rapid Chess Tournament) in November 2012, scoring 28.5/31, 4 points clear of 2nd placed 7 times Estonian Champion GM Kaido Kulaots . In November 2014, he placed 2nd at the BCC November 2014 Blitz behind FYROM's Riste Menkinoski . In December 2014 he placed =3rd at the London Chess Classic 2014 Super Rapidplay Open with 8/10.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.469792366027832, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short has written chess columns and book reviews for the British newspapers The Sunday Times, The Daily Telegraph, the Daily Mail, The Spectator and The Guardian. He reported on the FIDE World Championship Tournament (2005) in San Luis, Argentina, for the ChessBase website**. He began a new column \"Short Stories\" for New in Chess magazine in January 2011. He has coached Pentala Harikrishna , Sergey Karjakin , David Howell and Parimarjan Negi . He worked as national coach of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2006�2007. His first assignment led to them unexpectedly capturing a team bronze medal at the Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, in 2006. In the nine chess events at the Asian Indoor Games in Macau 2007, Iran took a silver and two bronze medals. He has also been on numerous webcasts, a guest commentator with chessgames.com, and a live commentator for the World Championship Candidates (2013) . He is also a member of chessgames.com using his own name as his userid: User: Nigel Short . In recognition of his chess accomplishments, Short was appointed MBE (Member of the British Empire)*** in 1999. He was made an Honorary Fellow of the then Bolton Institute of Higher Education in 1993 and was awarded the Honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Bolton in 2010. In August 2005, he was unanimously elected Secretary General of the Commonwealth Chess Association. In June 2006 he became its President, until stepping down in January 2008. Finally, he has won tournaments in 29 different countries.****", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.507071018218994, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "World Championship Index: http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/wcc... . live rating: http://www.2700chess.com ; Nigel Short Turns 40: http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail... ; FIDE database: http://ratings.fide.com/hist.phtml?... ; The Encyclopedia of Team Chess: http://www.olimpbase.org/ ; * Historical ratings and rankings: http://www.schachchronik.de/ranglis... ; ** The first chessbase article is: http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail... with the other rounds reported by Short included round by round at the following link: http://www.chessbase.com/eventlist.... *** MBE: Wikipedia article: Order of the British Empire **** http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.931946277618408, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "My bottom line on this issue is that the proposed change in the stalemate rule would, for the sake of increasing the number of decisive results and serving a faux sense of fairness, substantially undermine the incredible elegance of chess. I like Nigel Short (who, it goes without saying, is a hugely stronger player than I), and I often agree with his sometimes controversial ideas, but on this point I think he�s completely wrong.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.829802513122559, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "   vonKrolock : Yes - well done GM Short! --- (but still on the stalemate question: Then we should distinguish between a 'rex solus' and a stalemate with other pieces of the paralised side!? - and how we would brake the Zugzwang law? (Like my old pal and Your colleague GM Benko say: \"This is not Chess\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.294897079467773, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "   Lambda : Stalemate should clearly have a status somewhere in-between checkmate and a draw. That way you don't lose any richness from chess, because things like reducing a hopeless looking position to a king, bishop and wrong rooks pawn ending still have meaning, but you gain extra richness from stalemate conversion tasks and more positions containing something to play for, and the better player is more likely to get some reward.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468216896057129, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "I put it basically down to your addiction to 3 min chess - are you still practising on playchess? I haven't been there for a while. Lichess is free & easy for me.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.543900489807129, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Nigel Short" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465728759765625, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "HOME OF U.S. CHAMPIONSHIP CHESS & THE COUNTRY’S TOP PLAYERS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.913323402404785, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Garry Kasparov is one of chess’ finest living legends, widely considered to be the greatest player of all time. He was crowned the 13th World Chess Champion in 1985 at age 22, the youngest in history to hold the global crown, and held the title for 15 years until 2000. Across that same span, Kasparov held his rank as the No. 1 rated player in the world for 20 consecutive years, up until his retirement from professional chess in 2005. His peak career rating of 2851, set in 2000, stood unbroken for 13 years until finally passed by the current World Champion Magnus Carlsen -- a former pupil of Kasparov.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5285093188285828, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Born Garry Weinstein to a Jewish father and Armenian mother, Kasparov began playing chess at six years old and, at 12 in 1976, earned his first reputation as the Soviet Junior Champion. He was 15 when he played for his first Soviet Championship, the youngest ever to compete, and earned a plus score in the appearance. At 17 years old, Kasparov secured his first world title, becoming the World Junior Chess Champion at Dortmund, Germany in 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4738152027130127, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Kasparov played in eight Olympiads over his career, losing only 3 of 82 games, and winning 19 medals -- including team gold in all eight of his appearances. He also holds a record 15 consecutive tournament victories at from 1981-1990, halted by a second-place finish in Linares 1991; and has collected a record 11 Chess Oscars, awarded annually to the best chess player as voted by international chess journalists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.04584789276123, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "First garnering attention as a 10-year-old who defeated Viktor Korchnoi in a simul, the legendary Nigel Short was a true child prodigy who would grow to dominate English chess for the better end of the 20th century. A World top-100 player for most of his life -- and still there today, at 49, the oldest player in the elite category -- Short reached his career pinnacle as challenger for the 1993 World Chess Championship, when he qualified to play Garry Kasparov in London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.7387425899505615, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1984, Short became Britain’s first-ever Candidate, qualifying three times until famously defeating former World Champion Anatoly Karpov in a semifinal match described as the “end of an era” in 1992. He followed with a finals win over Jan Timman, forever memorializing Short as the first English player to challenge for the 1993 World Chess Championship, though he ultimately lost the match to Kasparov.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6945320963859558, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Throughout his illustrious career, Short has been a mainstay on the English national team, representing his nation at every Olympiad since 1984 and securing several individual and team medals in that span. His resume is filled with international tournament wins, including the Max Euwe Memorial in Amsterdam 1991 where he finished first over both Kasparov and Karpov; and more recently, back-to-back wins at the 2012 and 2013 Tradewise Gibraltar Chess Congresses, finishing a full point ahead of both fields.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.833524703979492, "source": "search", "title": "Meet the Legends | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Nigel Short - Chess.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.055600166320801, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32841682434082, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Nigel David Short MBE (born 1 June 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is often regarded as the strongest English chess player of the 20th century. He became a Grandmaster at age 19. He challenged for the World Chess Championship against Garry Kasparov at London 1993. Still active, Short continues to enjoy international success. He is also a chess columnist, coach and commentator.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.140069007873535, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short's assaults on the World Chess Championship title began in earnest in 1985 when he narrowly qualified from the Biel Interzonal to become Britain's first-ever candidate. He needed a playoff to advance past John van der Wiel and Eugenio Torre for the last berth, after the three had tied in regulation play. The Montpellier Candidates Tournament brought Short little success, however, as he scored 7/15 to finish in tenth place. In the next cycle, he again qualified by winning the 1987 Subotica Interzonal with Jon Speelman. The Candidates stage had by this time reverted to its traditional match format: Short defeated Gyula Sax (+2=3) in Saint John, Canada, in 1988, but then unexpectedly lost (−2=3) to his countryman, Jon Speelman, in London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6796441078186035, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "According to Short and Kasparov, the head of the chess world's governing body FIDE, Florencio Campomanes, decided on the venue of the match (Manchester) and the prize fund without consulting them, in breach of FIDE rules. The British WIM and author Cathy Forbes, in her book Nigel Short: Quest for the Crown (Cadogan 1993), wrote that at no time in the 1993 bidding process was a conforming World Championship match bid actually received by FIDE. In response, Short and Kasparov promptly formed a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association. The resulting match—sponsored by The Times newspaper—was held under the auspices of the new body in London, from September to October 1993. Kasparov won convincingly (+6−1=13)- the largest margin of victory in a world title contest since Botvinnik defeated Tal in 1961.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.580368995666504, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short won the British Chess Championship in 1984, 1987, and 1998, and the English Championship in 1991. He was the Commonwealth Champion in 2004, 2006 (both Mumbai) and 2008 (Nagpur). He won the 2006 EU Individual Open Chess Championship in Liverpool and took a share of second place in the 2008 edition, when it was held there again. He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in dozens of other international. Arguably Short's finest performance came at the Amsterdam VSB tournament in 1991 when he tied for first place with Valery Salov ahead of both Kasparov and Karpov.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0499517917633057, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Nigel Short - Best Of Chess", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.987342834472656, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Best Of Chess" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Best of chess", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352906227111816, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Best Of Chess" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 2006, he won the European Union Individual Championship held in Liver Pool, scoring 7.5/10 and took his share of the 2nd place in this championship from 2008. He also played the top board for London in the World Cities Team Championship held in December 2012. He was put among the top 10 chess players from July 1986 to January 1997. In August 2005, he was unanimously elected as the General Secretary of the Commonwealth Chess Association.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.800299644470215, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Best Of Chess" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.399136543273926, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The United States Chess Federation", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.477429389953613, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "SAINT LOUIS (April 7, 2015) - World chess legends Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short will meet later this month for the first Battle of the Legends exhibition match, to be held in Saint Louis, the Chess Capital of the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.086505889892578, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "April's match at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis will feature 10 total games spanning over two days of play, each featuring one game with a rapid time control, and four games with the faster blitz time control. The entire event will be broadcast live on www.uschesschamps.com , featuring live commentary and analysis from a world-renowned commentary team.  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346659660339355, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "\"We're honored to host two of the chess greats for this exhibition match,\" said Tony Rich, Executive Director of the CCSCSL. \"Our work at the club is focused on raising awareness of chess and we can't think of a more distinguished match-up to do just that than Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short.\"  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.461679458618164, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "For additional information visit saintlouischessclub.org , and follow the Chess Club on Facebook and Twitter .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.525033950805664, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "About The Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis The Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization that is committed to making chess an important part of our community. In addition to providing a forum for the community to play tournaments and casual games, the club also offers chess improvement classes, beginner lessons and special lectures.   Recognizing the cognitive and behavioral benefits of chess, the Chess Club and Scholastic Center is committed to supporting those chess programs that already exist in area schools while encouraging the development of new in-school and after-school programs. For more information, visit www.saintlouischessclub.org .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450197219848633, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Chess Federation - Battle of the Legends ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Nigel Short - Chess Player", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.067966938018799, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess Players", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349565505981445, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "From January 1988 to July 1989, Short was ranked third in the world by FIDE. Today, he still ranks as one of the worlds top-50 chess players.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.016478061676025, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In addition to playing chess, Short also writes about chess for leading British newspapers. He has coached several young chess players, including David Howell, Segey Karjakin, Parimarjan Negi and Pendyala Harikrishna. In 2006- 2007, Short was the national coach of the Iranian chess team. The team took bronze at the Asian Games in Qatar 2006, and in the (nine event) Asian Indoor Games in Macau 2007 the team capture one silver medal and two bronze.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.768951416015625, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Nigel David Short was born in Leigh, Lancashire, England on June 1, 1965. He grew up on Atherton and was educated at St Philip’s Primary School, Bolton School and Leigh College. His father founded the Artherton Chess Club, and Nigel was a member until he moved on to the Bolton Chess Club (which had rejected the seven year old Nigel due to his low age when he applied for membership the first time).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7853379249572754, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess career", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391305923461914, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "His most successful stab at the Championship title took place after qualifying to the Candidates tournament via the Manila Interzonal. In the semi-final (played in 1992), Short defeated former World Champion Anatoly Karpov in a match widely hailed as “the end of an era”. In the final, Short beat the Netherland’s Jan Timman, thereby earning the right to challenge Garry Kasparov for the World Chess Champion title.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.609783172607422, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "When World Chess Federation (FIDE) head Florencio Campomanes, in breach of FIDE rules, decided on the location of the championship match as well as the size of the prize fund without consulting Short and Kasparov, the two broke away from FIDE and formed a rival organization – the Professional Chess Association.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75241756439209, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Professional Chess Association arranged a match between Short and Kasparov in 1993, with a prize fund sponsored by The Times. It was played in London in September and October. Kasparov won wit the score +6−1=13.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.750473976135254, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Short became secretary general for the Commonwealth Chess in 2005, and the organization’s president a year later. He stayed as president until January 2008. Since 2009, Short has been a FIDE delegate to the English Chess Federation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.810662269592285, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Short - Chess Player" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short | www.uschesschamps.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.246578216552734, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "HOME OF U.S. CHAMPIONSHIP CHESS & THE COUNTRY’S TOP PLAYERS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.913323402404785, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Two of the world's living chess legends will compete in a Rapid and Blitz Exhibition at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis, on April 25-26, 2015, rekindling the duo's meeting at the 1993 World Chess Championship.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.935157775878906, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "SAINT LOUIS (April 7, 2015) – World chess legends Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short will meet later this month for the first Battle of the Legends exhibition match, to be held in Saint Louis, the Chess Capital of the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.988109588623047, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Kasparov is widely considered one of the greatest chess players of all-time, one of the youngest World Champions in history who held the world’s No. 1 spot from 1985 until his retirement in 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8047573566436768, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "“Rapid and blitz chess are - as the name suggests, fast and furious. The smallest mistake can ruin a strategy quickly,” Kasparov said. “It’s not often that I get to play Nigel and relive that moment on the chess world stage in 1993, and we’re both excited to have Saint Louis as the venue for this exhibition. An international spotlight has been shown on the city thanks to the efforts of the Chess Club and Scholastic Center, advancing chess through its combination of research, scholastic programs and these high-profile events and exhibitions.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.67689323425293, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "April’s match at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis will feature 10 total games spanning over two days of play, each featuring one game with a rapid time control, and four games with the faster blitz time control. The entire event will be broadcast live on www.uschesschamps.com , featuring live commentary and analysis from a world-renowned commentary team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343588829040527, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "“We’re honored to host two of the chess greats for this exhibition match,” said Tony Rich, Executive Director of the CCSCSL. “Our work at the club is focused on raising awareness of chess and we can’t think of a more distinguished match-up to do just that than Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.582667350769043, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "For additional information visit saintlouischessclub.org , and follow the Chess Club on Facebook and Twitter .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.525033950805664, "source": "search", "title": "Battle of the Legends: Garry Kasparov vs. Nigel Short ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Kasparov, Garry - Chess.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195648193359375, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Chess.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32841682434082, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Chess.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Satchel", "passage": "The nicknames Satchmo and Satch are short for Satchelmouth. Like many things in Armstrong's life, which was filled with colorful stories both real and imagined, many of his own telling, the nickname has many possible origins.", "precise_score": -2.8286020755767822, "rough_score": -5.650375843048096, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louis Armstrong" }, { "answer": "Satchel", "passage": "Allen and Mia Farrow, though unmarried, jointly adopted two children: Dylan Farrow (who changed her name to Eliza and later to Malone) and Moshe Farrow (known as Moses); they also had one biological child, Satchel Farrow (known as Ronan). Ronan's paternity came into question, however, after Farrow claimed in 2013 that he might in fact be the biological child of Frank Sinatra, her first husband, with whom she \"never really split up,\" she said. Allen did not adopt any of Farrow's other children, including Soon-Yi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.747685432434082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Woody Allen" }, { "answer": "Satchel", "passage": "The most common tale that biographers tell is the story of Armstrong as a young boy dancing for pennies in the streets of New Orleans, who would scoop up the coins off of the streets and stick them into his mouth to avoid having the bigger children steal them from him. Someone dubbed him \"satchel mouth\" for his mouth acting as a satchel. Another tale is that because of his large mouth, he was nicknamed \"satchel mouth\" which became shortened to Satchmo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.998558044433594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louis Armstrong" }, { "answer": "Satchel", "passage": "The nicknames Satchmo and Satch are short for Satchelmouth. Like many things in Armstrong’s life, which was filled with colorful stories both real and imagined, many of his own telling, the nickname has many possible origins. [47]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.756745338439941, "source": "search", "title": "Wynton Marsallis Salutes Louis Armstrong – Full Concert ..." }, { "answer": "Satchel", "passage": "The most common tale that biographers tell is the story of Armstrong as a young boy dancing for pennies in the streets of New Orleans, who would scoop up the coins off of the streets and stick them into his mouth to avoid having the bigger children steal them from him. Someone dubbed him “satchel mouth” for his mouth acting as a satchel . Another tale is that because of his large mouth, he was nicknamed “satchel mouth” which became shortened to Satchmo. [47]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.011877536773682, "source": "search", "title": "Wynton Marsallis Salutes Louis Armstrong – Full Concert ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "Before her death in September 1997, Lady Diana, Princess of Wales, following continuous media intrusion into her private life, confronted the British press in a vain plea for privacy for herself and her sons. Following the revelation of her friendship with Dodi Fayed, the son of the wealthy and controversial owner of Harrods, Mohammed Fayed, the press and photographers were anxious to photograph her on holiday in France with Dodi.", "precise_score": -0.5940054059028625, "rough_score": 2.7836861610412598, "source": "search", "title": "Princess Diana, Privacy Laws, and Press Freedom in the ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "Eralier in April 1997, Lady Diana described an incident in which a passer-by forced a freelance cameraman into an armlock so that she could confiscate his film as a ‘distressing intrusion’ into her private life. The incident was captured by another photographer, and displayed over three pages of the Sun newspaper. In response, the Princess issued a statement condemning the action of the photographer. The statement read:", "precise_score": 2.04484486579895, "rough_score": 2.3749501705169678, "source": "search", "title": "Princess Diana, Privacy Laws, and Press Freedom in the ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "Following her divorce from the Prince of Wales, the Princess appealed to the media several times to leave both them and their children alone so that they might get on with their lives. In July 1996, Princess Diana complained to the Press Complaints Commission about 'intrusive' pictures of her on holiday in France which were published in the Daily Mirror. Princess Diana also obtained an injunction against a press photographer, who has allegedly been ‘harassing’ her for a long time in August 1996. The injunction prevented him from coming within 300 metres of her. The man, named in the writ as Martin Stenning, was the photographer involved in an incident earlier in 1996 in which the Princess jumped out of her car and took his motor cycle ignition key to prevent him from following her.", "precise_score": 6.102874755859375, "rough_score": 6.503352165222168, "source": "search", "title": "Princess Diana, Privacy Laws, and Press Freedom in the ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "In 2006 the gossip weekly controversially printed photographs of a dying Princess Diana after the 1997 Paris car crash which took her life.", "precise_score": -2.900169610977173, "rough_score": 0.14841431379318237, "source": "search", "title": "Kate and William to make criminal complaint over topless ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "Drawing a parallel with the \"fatal hunt\" by paparazzi that led to the death of William's mother Princess Diana, Mr Hamelle urged the judge to grant an injunction against all republishing of the photographs in print and in digital form and to ban their resale.", "precise_score": 4.851033687591553, "rough_score": 4.965504169464111, "source": "search", "title": "Injunction Ruling Looms Over Kate Photos - Yahoo News UK" }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "The magazine's publication of the intrusive pictures re-ignited memories of the pursuit of the duke's mother, Princess Diana, by paparazzi on the night of her death in a high-speed car accident in a Paris tunnel.", "precise_score": -6.540623664855957, "rough_score": -7.446974277496338, "source": "search", "title": "Topless Kate photos: royals sue Closer | Media | The Guardian" }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "Princess Diana sued the Sunday Mirror and Daily Mirror in 1993 over secretly-taken pictures of her exercising in a gym and won an injunction against the publishing preventing further publication. The Queen dropped legal action against the Daily Mirror after a reporter breached royal security to work as a palace footman in 2003,.", "precise_score": 4.327159881591797, "rough_score": 6.631107330322266, "source": "search", "title": "Topless Kate photos: royals sue Closer | Media | The Guardian" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "For the rest of her life Diana, Princess of Wales had to put up with discussion of her friendships with James Gilbey, Major James Hewitt, Will Carling, the England rugby captain, and finally Dodi Fayed. She had became renowned for her love affairs.", "precise_score": -7.3323516845703125, "rough_score": -8.51087760925293, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "\"Their Royal Highnesses have been hugely saddened to learn that a French publication and a photographer have invaded their privacy in such a grotesque and totally unjustifiable manner. The incident is reminiscent of the worst excesses of the press and paparazzi during the life of Diana, Princess of Wales, and all the more upsetting to The Duke and Duchess for being so,\" the St. James Palace said an earlier statement Friday.", "precise_score": -1.5820854902267456, "rough_score": -5.886890888214111, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Family Will Seek Injunction Over Kate Middleton ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "According to Andersen, William and his brother Prince Harry still blame the media for the 1997 death of their mother, Princess Diana, in a traffic accident as her driver fled paparazzi. As a result, the royal family is concerned about similar invasions, particularly if William and Catherine have a child", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.80389404296875, "source": "search", "title": "Will and Kate Take Legal Action Over Topless Photos ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "PRINCESS DIANA, PRIVACY LAWS AND PRESS FREEDOM IN THE UNITED KINGDOM", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.948088645935059, "source": "search", "title": "Princess Diana, Privacy Laws, and Press Freedom in the ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "Press intrusion and Princess Diana", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.826123237609863, "source": "search", "title": "Princess Diana, Privacy Laws, and Press Freedom in the ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "Yet the death of the Princess Diana was the subject of more newspaper coverage than the most dramatic events of the Second World War and set a media record, according to Durrants Press Cuttings agency which monitors nearly 200,000 newspapers and magazines a year. No other subject in the agency’s archives, which go back to 1880, compared with the coverage devoted to Diana’s death, funeral and subsequent stories. In death, there was even more press interest than during her life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.577594757080078, "source": "search", "title": "Princess Diana, Privacy Laws, and Press Freedom in the ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "Princess Diana's tragic death in a car crash in Paris (Dodi was also killed, as was the driver, an employee of Mr Fayed) and the presence of paparazzis at the crash scene raised concerns about privacy laws and press freedom in Britain. During her funeral service in Westminster Abbey, Earl Spencer, her brother stated that Princess Diana talked to him endlessly of getting away from England, mainly because of the treatment that she received at the hands of the newspapers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.364869117736816, "source": "search", "title": "Princess Diana, Privacy Laws, and Press Freedom in the ..." }, { "answer": "Princess Diana", "passage": "The following sections will examine the UK Privacy laws and the new proposals for press reform and the criticism press laws received following Princess Diana's death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.465787887573242, "source": "search", "title": "Princess Diana, Privacy Laws, and Press Freedom in the ..." }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "\"The incident is reminiscent of the worst excesses of the press and paparazzi during the life of Diana, Princess of Wales, and all the more upsetting to the duke and duchess for being so,\" according to a spokesman for Clarence House, the Prince of Wales's office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.926899909973145, "source": "search", "title": "Kate and William to make criminal complaint over topless ..." }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "St James's Palace was unequivocal in its condemnation of Closer. \"The incident is reminiscent of the worst excesses of the press and paparazzi during the life of Diana, Princess of Wales, and all the more upsetting to the duke and duchess for being so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.372368812561035, "source": "search", "title": "Topless Kate photos: royals sue Closer | Media | The Guardian" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.676034927368164, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "Diana, Princess of Wales", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.454365730285645, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "Diana, Princess of Wales, who has died aged 36, exemplified in her life the crisis in which the Royal Family, and ultimately the monarchy itself, has found itself in the past two decades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.946983337402344, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "To many, the great challenge facing the monarchy was to square the circle of mystery and accessibility. In a way it was Diana, Princess of Wales who paid the price of trying to solve this impossible problem.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.540314674377441, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana Spencer", "passage": "Things looked very different on the gloriously hot July day in 1981 when Lady Diana Spencer walked the long aisle of St Paul's Cathedral to her marriage with the Prince of Wales. The Archbishop of Canterbury commented that the marriage was \"the stuff of which fairytales are made\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.77364730834961, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "To the captivated public Lady Diana's great strength was that she appeared the perfect candidate to fill the position of Princess of Wales.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.242520332336426, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana Frances", "passage": "She was born Diana Frances Spencer on July 1 1961. Her father, Edward John Viscount Althorp, was the only son of the 7th Earl Spencer. Her mother, born Frances Ruth Burke Roche, was the youngest daughter of the 4th Baron Fermoy. Diana, the Althorps' third daughter, was born at Park House on the Sandringham estate, which had been leased to her grandfather, Lord Fermoy, by George V as a gesture of thanks for loyal service.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.972076416015625, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "Diana, Princess of Wales's family descend from the 5th Earl of Sunderland's brother, John Spencer. In 1761 his son was created Viscount Spencer and, in 1765, Viscount Althorp and Earl Spencer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.480547904968262, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "Many of Diana, Princess of Wales's natural qualities can be traced to her background: dignity and grace of bearing, and the ability to treat all people as equals. Beneath her initial shyness there was always an element of self-assurance that was to become increasingly important.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.817276000976562, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana Spencer", "passage": "During her time at West Heath, in 1975, her grandfather died, and her father became the 8th Earl Spencer and inherited Althorp. Like her sisters and brother, she assumed a courtesy title and became Lady Diana Spencer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.702052116394043, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "If Lady Diana's relations with her stepmother were less stormy than her sisters' appeared to be, they were at least said to be strained.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.980225563049316, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "More significant for the future was her meeting with Prince Charles at Althorp that year. The Prince was a member of a shooting party as a guest of Lady Diana's eldest sister, Lady Sarah. The Prince and Princess both recalled later that the meeting could be seen as the first landmark on the road to their marriage three and a half years later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.493111610412598, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "Prince Charles's friendship with her eldest sister gave Lady Diana a brief but telling preview of what life was like for someone labelled as his girlfriend and a possible candidate for marriage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0858154296875, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "But their meeting did not appear to have any immediate consequences. Lady Diana was by this time living in London, where she was soon to move into a flat of her own in Earls Court, her home until the day her engagement was announced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.234779357910156, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "Lady Diana's life in London lacked one element for which the press were to search ceaselessly and in vain - boyfriends. It seemed that she was happy to enjoy the company of a close and fairly small circle, and that she had no desire to form any serious attachment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.634267807006836, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "During 1980 there were signs, which could be read by one or two of those closest to her, that Lady Diana's life might be about to undergo a dramatic change. In the autumn she stayed at Balmoral with her sister Jane while her husband was working there. A few weeks later she returned as the guest of Prince Charles. After their engagement Prince Charles remarked: \"I began to realise what was going on in my mind, and hers in particular.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.899186134338379, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "Suddenly, Lady Diana was subjected to constant pressure. At the time the cost was heavy, but it proved her character. To some the temptation to escape (to the privacy of her mother's Scottish home, for instance) would have been overwhelming. But instead she tried as far as possible to maintain normal daily life, facing a barrage of cameras and reporters every time she stepped outside her flat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.798036575317383, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "Although restrained compared to what came in future years, the nadir of press coverage came with a story published in the Sunday Mirror, alleging that Prince Charles had held secret meetings with Lady Diana aboard the royal train in a siding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.700896263122559, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "The subsequent furore was pertinent for the way in which it divided opinion. Many felt that Lady Diana was being left to fend for herself to an unfair degree by Buckingham Palace, which would only deny any knowledge of evidence to substantiate rumours about a match. Others felt that her harassment was a test she must pass if she was later to be able to cope with life as one of the Royal Family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.190427780151367, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana Spencer", "passage": "Whoever was right, the Sunday Mirror had overstepped the mark and the upshot was, at the time, unprecedented. The Queen told her press secretary to seek a retraction and apology which ended in stalemate. In the House of Commons a motion was tabled by 60 MPs \"deploring the manner in which Lady Diana Spencer is treated by the media\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.22913932800293, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Lady Diana", "passage": "With her daughter reduced to tears in public, Mrs Shand Kydd fired off an irate letter to The Times. Lady Diana's position was indeed unenviable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.536133766174316, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana Spencer", "passage": "Early in February 1981, Lady Diana slipped out of England for a holiday with her mother in Australia. Shortly after her return, on February 24, Buckingham Palace announced: \"It is with the greatest pleasure that the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh announce the betrothal of their beloved son, the Prince of Wales, to the Lady Diana Spencer, daughter of the Earl Spencer and the Honourable Mrs Shand Kydd.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.989051818847656, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "In the last months of her life, Diana, Princess of Wales worked in aid of the victims of landmines. This summer she visited Bosnia and spoke to the widows and victims of mines. Earlier she had visited Angola. Part of her intention was to seek the abolition of landmines as weapons of war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.650962829589844, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Diana, princess of Wales", "passage": "So ended a life that can in truth be called tragic. Diana, Princess of Wales had been driven by a tragic flaw into yet another love affair, which ended, not through her fault, but through the cruel visitation of nemesis, in her death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.58517837524414, "source": "search", "title": "Diana, Princess of Wales - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Princess Di", "passage": "READ MORE: Kate Middleton Channels Princess Di With Charity Selections", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.572576522827148, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Family Will Seek Injunction Over Kate Middleton ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "1950s", "passage": "Berry Gordy as a young songwriter in the 1950s. The Motown Museum", "precise_score": 4.414076328277588, "rough_score": 7.006208896636963, "source": "search", "title": "Berry Gordy: the man who built Motown - The Daily Telegraph" }, { "answer": "1950s", "passage": "During the 1960s, Motown was the sound of a torch being passed to a new generation, which was under the influence of such 1950s groups as Billy Ward's Dominoes and Nolan Strong's Diablos, but looking to express itself with its own voice. That voice was heard in 'Heat Wave' and 'Going To A Go-Go' and 'Ain't Too Proud To Beg' and 'Standing In The Shadows Of Love' and 'This Old Heart Of Mine (Is Weak For You)' and many more.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.917237281799316, "source": "search", "title": "MOTOWN: THE GROUPS - uDiscover" }, { "answer": "1950s", "passage": "By the late 1950s, Detroit was perhaps the largest city in the United States that did not have a strong independent record company. With the establishment of Motown, the local talent had an outlet, and they starting showing up at the Motown offices. In 1960, a local girl singing group named the Primettes auditioned for Gordy. He was impressed with the group, but asked them to finish school and then come back. The Primettes came back to Motown after graduating, and were signed in January 1961. The group's name was changed to the Supremes, and they had their first release on Tamla in April of 1961.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.537557125091553, "source": "search", "title": "The Motown Story - Both Sides Now - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "1950s", "passage": "Also in 1960, Gordy acquired the contract of a young Washington, DC-based singer named Marvin Gaye from his brother-in-law, Harvey Fuqua. Harvey was the leader of the Moonglows, who had had several hits for Chess before making some personnel changes in the late 1950s, and Gaye was a current member of that group. Gaye's first record was \"Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide\" in 1961. He had his first hit in 1962 with \"Stubborn Kind of Fellow.\" Gaye was another performer whose road to fame was marked by only moderate success for many years before finally becoming a huge 1970s star.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.233345985412598, "source": "search", "title": "The Motown Story - Both Sides Now - bsnpubs.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Stephanie Fae Beauclair (October 14, 1984 – November 15, 1984), better known as Baby Fae, was an American infant born in 1984 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. She became the first infant subject of a xenotransplant procedure and first successful infant heart transplant, receiving the heart of a baboon. Though she died within a month of the procedure, she had lived weeks longer than any previous recipient of a non-human heart.", "precise_score": 6.543898105621338, "rough_score": 8.326777458190918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baby Fae" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "Infant receives baboon heart - Oct 26, 1984 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": 5.1635918617248535, "rough_score": 6.6027984619140625, "source": "search", "title": "Infant receives baboon heart - Oct 26, 1984 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The infant, known as “Baby Fae,” was born with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, a deformity that is almost fatal and is found in newborns in which parts or all of the left side of the heart is missing. A few days after Baby Fae’s birth, Loma Linda heart surgeon Dr. Bailey convinced Baby Fae’s mother to allow him to try the experimental baboon-heart transplant. Three other humans had received animal-heart transplants, the last in 1977, but none survived longer than 3 1/2 days. Bailey argued that an infant with an underdeveloped immune system would be less likely to reject alien tissue than an adult.", "precise_score": 1.5665751695632935, "rough_score": 5.684731483459473, "source": "search", "title": "Infant receives baboon heart - Oct 26, 1984 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "LOMA LINDA, Calif., Nov. 15— Baby Fae, the infant who received the heart of a baboon 20 days ago to replace her own defective heart, died today at 9 P.M,, officials of the Loma Linda University Medical Center said.", "precise_score": 3.1711835861206055, "rough_score": 5.549750328063965, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Duane R. Miller—AP Baby Fae, the infant recipient of the transplanted heart of a baboon, is shown at Loma Linda University Medical Center in Loma Linda, Calif., Oct. 30, 1984.", "precise_score": 5.531150817871094, "rough_score": 6.964731693267822, "source": "search", "title": "Baby Fae's Baboon to Human Heart Transplant ... - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "The year 1984... a year that is synonymous with cultural turning points. Apple introduced the Mac personal computer. NASA launched the space shuttle Discovery. The year George Orwell imagined in his dystopian novel 1984 predicted a future that was filled with political correctness which he called \"Newspeak,\" and governmental surveillance he made famous with the phrase, \"Big brother is watching you.\"  The spot-on predictions are numerous, yet he did not go so far as to predict that in 1984 the medical establishment would break new ground and transplant a baboon heart into a human baby.", "precise_score": 1.4614607095718384, "rough_score": 4.914478302001953, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "The procedure brought forth worldwide commentary and not just from the medical community. While the scenario of a baboon heart in a baby may not have found its way into the pages of George Orwell's work, another artist immortalized the moment in time in the lyric of a song. Paul Simon in his song \"The Boy in the Bubble\" from the 1986 Graceland album sings the words, \"Medicine is magical and magical is art / Thinking of the Boy in the Bubble / And the baby with the baboon heart.\" ", "precise_score": 0.10586638748645782, "rough_score": 4.712895393371582, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "LOMA LINDA, Calif. — A newborn with a heart defect received another baby's heart in a rare infant-to-infant transplant performed by the doctor who 13 months ago attempted a radical baboon heart graft on the infant known as Baby Fae.", "precise_score": 3.9271762371063232, "rough_score": 5.779505729675293, "source": "search", "title": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Dr. Leonard Bailey, who transplanted a baboon heart into Baby Fae on Oct. 26, 1984, performed the infant-to-infant surgery Wednesday night, Schaefer said. He said the infant was alive, but he refused to elaborate.", "precise_score": 5.39606237411499, "rough_score": 6.782289505004883, "source": "search", "title": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "October 26, 1984 : Infant receives baboon heart", "precise_score": 5.761322021484375, "rough_score": 7.1713032722473145, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984 : Infant receives baboon heart - History.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The infant, known as “Baby Fae,” was born with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, a deformity that is almost fatal and is found in newborns in which parts or all of the left side of the heart is missing. A few days after Baby Fae’s birth, Loma Linda heart surgeon Dr. Bailey convinced Baby Fae’s mother to allow him to try the experimental baboon-heart transplant. Three other humans had received animal-heart transplants, the last in 1977, but none survived longer than 3 1/2 days. Bailey argued that an infant with an underdeveloped immune system would be less likely to reject alien tissue than an adult.", "precise_score": 1.5665751695632935, "rough_score": 5.684731483459473, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984 : Infant receives baboon heart - History.com" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "October 26, 1984 : Infant receives baboon heart", "precise_score": 5.761322021484375, "rough_score": 7.1713032722473145, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984 : Infant receives baboon heart - History.com" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "October 26, 1984 : Infant receives baboon heart", "precise_score": 5.761322021484375, "rough_score": 7.1713032722473145, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984 : Infant receives baboon heart - History.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS 'WISHFUL THINKING' - NYTimes.com", "precise_score": 3.3540446758270264, "rough_score": 6.545405387878418, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS 'WISHFUL THINKING'", "precise_score": 3.290999174118042, "rough_score": 6.726396083831787, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in pioneering transplant operation - BT", "precise_score": 6.9164814949035645, "rough_score": 7.305680274963379, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in pioneering transplant operation", "precise_score": 7.009958267211914, "rough_score": 7.40922737121582, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "A few days after her birth, Dr Bailey convinced Baby Fae’s mother to allow him to try the experimental baboon heart transplant. Three other humans had received animal heart transplants, the last in 1977, but none survived longer than three days. Bailey argued that an infant, having an underdeveloped immune system, would be less likely to reject alien tissue than an adult.", "precise_score": 1.0134756565093994, "rough_score": 5.732062339782715, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "A baboon heart was used as there was no time for a suitable human heart to be found. Multiple surgeons had previously experimented with baboon heart implants, leading some to speculate even that baboons could be farmed in the future for such purposes. When asked why he had picked a baboon over a primate more closely related to humans in evolution, he replied, \"I don't believe in evolution.\" Though she died within a month, Baby Fae, at the time of her death, had lived two weeks longer than any previous recipient of a non-human heart. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5778211951255798, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baby Fae" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The procedure was subject to a wide ethical and legal debate, but the attention that it generated is thought to have paved the way for Bailey to perform the first successful infant allograft heart transplant a year later. The Baby Fae case, and Bailey's role in it, has been a popular case study in the realm of medical ethics. Bailey did not look for a human heart for Fae. There were questions as to whether parents should be allowed to volunteer children for experimental medical procedures, and whether the parents themselves were properly informed by Bailey. However, because Fae's mother had no medical insurance, she could not afford to pay for the heart transplant procedure. The xenograft, on the other hand, was offered for free.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.943923950195312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baby Fae" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The case further brought up debates regarding the risk/benefit ratio that should be considered ethical when dealing with experimental procedures on human subjects. Charles Krauthammer, writing in Time, said the Baby Fae case was totally within the realm of experimentation and was \"an adventure in medical ethics\". Ultimately, the American Medical Association and top medical journals criticized Bailey, concluding that xenografts should be undertaken only as part of a systematic research program with controls in randomized clinical trials. The validity of the consent obtained in the case of Baby Fae has also been largely criticized. Bailey originally alleged that he obtained consent following a long discussion with the mother and father. It was later revealed, however, that the father was not present at the time of consent. The information in the consent form was also changed after the mother originally saw it. The original phrasing stated that the procedure could potentially extend Baby Fae's life 'long term'. Although Fae's full name was not made public at the time of the procedure, her mother chose to reveal herself in 1997. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.596389770507812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baby Fae" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "The Paul Simon song \"The Boy in the Bubble\" from the 1986 Graceland album, most likely references her in the lyrics. \"Medicine is magical and magical is art / Thinking of the Boy in the Bubble / And the baby with the baboon heart\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6278573274612427, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baby Fae" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "Infant receives baboon heart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.05304765701293945, "source": "search", "title": "Infant receives baboon heart - Oct 26, 1984 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae survived the operation, and her subsequent struggle for life received international attention. After living longer than any other human recipient of an animal heart, Baby Fae’s body made a concerted effort to reject the alien transplant. Doctors were forced to increase dosages of an immuno-suppressive drug, leading to kidney failure. Ultimately, doctors were defeated by the swift onset of heart failure, and on November 15 Baby Fae died after holding on for 20 days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.136541366577148, "source": "search", "title": "Infant receives baboon heart - Oct 26, 1984 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 DAYS - NYTimes.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.772285223007202, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 DAYS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.611276149749756, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Just before Baby Fae died, a final attempt was made to revive her with a heart massage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31864070892334, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "New information came to light today about the decision to give Baby Fae a baboon heart, but the new reports also added some new confusion to the story.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4135122299194336, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Two fresh news reports about the Baby Fae case concerned themselves with the informed consent process by which parents or relatives give approval for an operation. One report was based on an interview with Dr. Bailey, and the other with the mother's friends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198134422302246, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Officials here have refused to release the informed consent form and scientific documents governing Baby Fae's baboon heart transplant operation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.833183765411377, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae was born in Barstow, Calif., on Oct. 14 and was transferred shortly afterward to the Loma Linda University Medical Center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.572575569152832, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Loma Linda officials, after first denying it, now acknowledge that at some unspecified time before the operation, Baby Fae's parents were told she was not going to live because of her heart defect, and they took her to a motel to be with her when she died.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.410676956176758, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "In an interview in The American Medical News, a newspaper published by the American Medical Association in Chicago, Dr. Bailey said that after the parents took the baby from the medical center, they ''were notified that one final possibility existed for their child: They were told to think it over and to readmit the child if they were interested.'' The Los Angeles Times, reporting interviews with friends of Baby Fae's mother, said today that after the diagnosis of the fatal heart birth defect was made, a physician told the mother she could take the baby home to die, leave her at Loma Linda to die or put her back in Barstow Community Hospital, where she was born.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.816186904907227, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Meanwhile, according to Dennis Breo, a reporter for The American Medical News who interviewed Dr. Bailey Nov. 5, the Loma Linda surgeon returned earlier than planned from a vacation in San Francisco, learned about Baby Fae and set in motion plans for the baboon heart transplant experiment. Approval for such an experiment had come only one week before.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.554230213165283, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "While this was going on, according to the publicationn's account, the mother took the baby home. There she received a phone call from a Loma Linda physician, asking if she was willing to meet with Dr. Bailey to discuss the baboon heart transplant. The account said the mother was taken aback by what she considered a bizarre proposal, and discussed it with the baby's father.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.719857931137085, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "In long discussions with the mother, Dr. Bailey reportedly told her that Baby Fae would experience three rejection episodes, but he assured the mother that the infant would not suffer brain damage from drugs used in the experiment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254258155822754, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "While the tests were being made, the parents are said to have debated the experiment with each other. Then, according to The American Medical News account, they signed the informed consent forms on Oct. 24 and again the next day. Shortly afterward, Dr. Bailey's team gave Baby Fae her first dose of cyclosporin-A, a new anti-rejection drug that played a key role in the decision to conduct the experiment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219905853271484, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Mr. Weismeyer said Loma Linda had no comment on the newspaper's report. Dr. Bailey also told The American Medical News: ''In disorders like Baby Fae's, a baboon heart not only may be justifiable, it actually may be preferable to a human heart.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.325277090072632, "source": "search", "title": "BABY FAE, WHO RECEIVED A HEART FROM BABOON, DIES AFTER 20 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae's Baboon to Human Heart Transplant: How It Happened", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.355307102203369, "source": "search", "title": "Baby Fae's Baboon to Human Heart Transplant ... - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "It’s been exactly 31 years since Dr. Leonard Bailey transplanted a baboon heart into an infant known as Baby Fae. She lived for 21 days after the transplant, two weeks longer than anyone with a simian heart ever had before.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.105997085571289, "source": "search", "title": "Baby Fae's Baboon to Human Heart Transplant ... - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "How did an infant end up with a baboon heart?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.214147567749023, "source": "search", "title": "Baby Fae's Baboon to Human Heart Transplant ... - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "Stephanie Fae Beauclair", "passage": "In Barstow, Calif., Stephanie Fae Beauclair was born three weeks premature with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a fatal defect in which the left side of the heart is underdeveloped. Though babies with the condition were expected to live for about two weeks, and Fae’s mother was given the option of letting her die in a hospital or at home, Dr. Bailey had another option in mind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.864530563354492, "source": "search", "title": "Baby Fae's Baboon to Human Heart Transplant ... - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Bailey’s research included, per TIME, “more than 150 transplants in sheep, goats, and baboons, many of them between species.” The first simian-human transplant had been performed in 1964 but the patient died a few hours after his surgery and only a few more were attempted after that; nonetheless, Bailey received permission to perform such a transplant on Baby Fae.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.431220054626465, "source": "search", "title": "Baby Fae's Baboon to Human Heart Transplant ... - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "While Loma Linda officials refused to reveal her exact age or name, video of Baby Fae was televised and she became a media sensation. Hundreds of people sent the tiny patient cards, flowers and money—while others expressed concern about the choice of a baboon heart, the consent form and the morality of the procedure. Writing in TIME, Charles Krauthammer called it “an adventure in medical ethics.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3439929783344269, "source": "search", "title": "Baby Fae's Baboon to Human Heart Transplant ... - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the World: The Story of the First Neonatal Cardiac Xenotransplant in History | The Huffington Post", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4179573059082031, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the World: The Story of the First Neonatal Cardiac Xenotransplant in History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4328885078430176, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Stephanie Fae Beauclair, better known to history as Baby Fae, was born October 14, 1984 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.  Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a fatal condition in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped. Baby Fae needed a heart transplant to survive but a human heart was not available to her. What happened next challenged the boundaries of medical science and bioethics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5585680603981018, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Twenty years later Dr. Leonard L. Bailey of Loma Linda University Medical Center and his team decided to try to save Baby Fae's life by following in the footsteps of Dr. Jim Hardy and transplanting the heart of a non-human primate into the chest of an infant girl.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.181331634521484, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The transplant was scheduled. The procedure was a success . For three weeks Baby Fae lived with the heart of a baboon beating in her chest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.118908405303955, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Unfortunately, she ultimately died on the 15th of November, 21 days after the surgery due to organ rejection.  The rejection was probably caused by the differences in blood type. The blood type incompatibility was seen as inevitable as Baby Fae was type O and fewer than 1% of baboons are type O. But, it was hoped that either her neonatal immune system might be so undeveloped she could accept the organ for a considerable amount of time or that the transplant could be replaced by a human heart at a later date. However, a suitable donor could not be found in time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.616208553314209, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The procedure was subject to a wide ethical and legal debate, but the attention that it generated is thought to have paved the way for Bailey to perform the first successful infant allograft heart transplant a year later. The Baby Fae case, and Dr. Bailey's role in it, has been a popular case study in the realm of bioethics. There were questions as to whether parents should be allowed to volunteer children for experimental medical procedures, and of course many religious groups and ethical traditions have questioned the morality and ethicality of sharing organs between species. But philosophical debates aside, there was an economic aspect to this case that cannot be ignored. Baby Fae's mother had no medical insurance, thus she could not afford to pay for the heart transplant procedure. The xenograft, on the other hand, was offered free of charge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.790308952331543, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Charles Krauthammer, writing in Time, said the Baby Fae case was totally within the realm of experimentation and was \"an adventure in medical ethics.\" The case further brought up debates regarding the risk/benefit ratio that should be considered ethical when dealing with experimental procedures on human subjects. Ultimately, the American Medical Association and medical journals criticized Dr. Bailey, concluding that xenografts should be undertaken only as part of a systematic research program with controls in randomized clinical trials.  It seems fairly easy to criticize after the fact when the results are not optimal.  But, Dr. Bailey's pioneering efforts have ultimately led to many infant transplants that have been successful. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.982848167419434, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Although Baby Fae's full name was not made public at the time of the procedure, her mother chose to reveal herself in 1997. One man who did know the true identity of Baby Fae was Dr. Jim Walters, noted bioethicist and professor of religion at Loma Linda University who wrote about the case at the time for the Hastings Center Report. When called recently to comment on this chapter in history and his view on the actions of those involved he said, \"Although some may question whether the Bailey team had a sufficient scientific basis, as one who was close to the situation at the time, I applaud the team's noble intent in a desperate situation.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.538020133972168, "source": "search", "title": "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart From Baby Donor - latimes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.94222640991211, "source": "search", "title": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart From Baby Donor", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.847246170043945, "source": "search", "title": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae was 12 days old when Bailey performed the controversial transplant that made the baby the first infant ever to receive a heart taken from another species.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.337041854858398, "source": "search", "title": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "She lived 20 days with the baboon heart, dying Nov. 15, 1984.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.992414951324463, "source": "search", "title": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae's historic transplant triggered controversy among doctors and ethics experts after it was revealed Bailey never asked organ procurement agencies to seek a human heart donor for the baby girl. Bailey vowed he would seek a human heart donor first before implanting another baboon heart in a baby.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9998888969421387, "source": "search", "title": "Doctor Did Baby Fae Transplant in '84 : Newborn Gets Heart ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae survived the operation, and her subsequent struggle for life received international attention. After living longer than any other human recipient of an animal heart, Baby Fae’s body made a concerted effort to reject the alien transplant. Doctors were forced to increase dosages of an immuno-suppressive drug, leading to kidney failure. Ultimately, doctors were defeated by the swift onset of heart failure, and on November 15 Baby Fae died after holding on for 20 days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.136541366577148, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984 : Infant receives baboon heart - History.com" }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "LOMA LINDA, Calif. Dec 19— An attempt 14 months ago to save a dying infant by giving her a baboon heart was doomed to failure and the outlook of her surgical team was tainted by ''wishful thinking,'' according to a new medical review of the case.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.662527322769165, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The comments came in an editorial appearing in Friday's issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association. The infant, known as Baby Fae, died 20 days after the operation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75890827178955, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The journal is publishing the first peer-reviewed scientific account of the Baby Fae operation and its aftermath, although the case has been commented on in previous scientific meetings and other public forums.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2495698928833, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "In an article in the same issue, Baby Fae's surgeon, Dr. Leonard Lee Bailey of the Loma Linda University Medical Center, said baboon-to-human heart transplants were ''a reasonable investigative option.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.512563169002533, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The debate is certain to continue. The cause of Baby Fae's death has not yet been determined. According to Sandra L. Nehlsen-Cannarella, an immunologist who works closely with Dr. Bailey, the autopsy showed ''a complicated, unclear picture,'' adding, ''The heart was injured by a combination of factors. It was not rejected in the classical sense.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.720211029052734, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "Despite the uncertainties, Dr. Bailey said there were compelling reasons to continue experiments in transplanting baboon hearts into human infants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.097554683685303, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "From 300 to 2,000 infants are born annually with the fatal heart defect hypoplastic left heart syndrome, he said, explaining that such infants are essentially born with half a heart and most die within a few weeks. A corrective surgical technique is being tried on some of these children but, according to Dr. Bailey, the surgery is just as risky as a baboon transplant. Baby Fae was born with this defect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.941496849060059, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "Although the operation was technically feasible, they said, a human recipient is destined to form antibodies against a baboon heart and reject it. Antibodies are substances formed by the body to kill agents they recognize as foreign. Adult humans have very specific, preformed antibodies in their bloodstream that recognize baboon tissue as foreign. At this time, they said, there is no way to suppress this antibody activity safely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.341421127319336, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "They said Dr. Bailey exhibited ''wishful thinking'' in considering Baby Fae's immune system to be immature. The newborn immune system, they said, ''is intact, inexperienced and in some ways functionally deficient, but it is capable of the rejection response.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.185465812683105, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Dr. Bailey has also been criticized on ethical grounds. He did not seek a human heart donor before putting the baboon heart in Baby Fae and questions have been raised on how well Baby Fae's parents understood the experiment. Animal rights groups say it is immoral to kill baboons for any medical experiment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.109236240386963, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "In the meantime, Dr. Bailey and his team are trying to find out why Baby Fae died. There are two major systems in which the body rejects or kills foreign tissue. Baby Fae's doctors could control one and not the other.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382400512695312, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The one they controlled involved cell-mediated rejection in which T-lymphocytes from bone marrow attack cells in the donor heart. This classical type of rejection was suppressed with the use of cyclosporine, a drug credited with making modern transplantation more successful than ever. Baby Fae's heart was not beefy, floppy or swollen, Dr. Nehlsen-Cannarella said, ''which makes us believe the cyclosporine worked.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.83513355255127, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "But the physicians were not able to control Baby Fae's other rejection mechanism involving antibodies, which are also formed in bone marrow. The autopsy showed her heart was laced with sticky clumps of red blood cells. Her kidneys, liver and lungs were also clogged with this material. #2 Categories of Antibodies At least two categories of antibodies were involved, Dr. Nehlsen-Cannarella said. The first was raised against the red blood cells of the baboon donor. In what Dr. Bailey termed ''a tactical error with catastrophic consequences,'' Baby Fae and the baboon donor had different blood types. By crossing this blood type barrier, he said, antibodies were formed that made any baboon blood introduced into Baby Fae clump and stick together.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.263047218322754, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "The second antibody group was directed against baboon tissue in general. The antibodies were gradually absorbed by the baboon heart, which caused sludging of the blood cells and starvation of the heart muscle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.24945068359375, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Other factors, including injury from the cyclosporine and the possibility that Baby Fae made antibodies that attacked her own red blood cells by mistake, are being explored, the immunologist said. Work with piglet hearts placed in newborn goats is under way at Loma Linda to try to duplicate what happened to Baby Fae.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.961692810058594, "source": "search", "title": "BABOON HEART IMPLANT IN BABY FAE IN 1984 ASSAILED AS ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Stephanie Fae Beauclair, known as Baby Fae, was born with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, a deformity found in newborns in which part or all of the left side of the heart is missing – and which can be fatal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.64028263092041, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae survived the operation, and her subsequent struggle for life received international attention. \"The technical features of it all went well,\" Dr Bailey later said. \"She was waking up, a couple days later she was off the ventilator, eating.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.230911254882812, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "As Baby Fae recovered, news spread around the world, bringing the media and protestors to the medical centre. “The media scrutinised Dr Bailey and everything he did,” said Marie Hodgkins, a nurse who managed the cardiothoracic unit Baby Fae was on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.860651969909668, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Dr Bailey told The American Medical News: “In disorders like Baby Fae's, a baboon heart not only may be justifiable, it actually may be preferable to a human heart.” He added: “We're optimistic that within three months, she'll be able to go home.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5010764598846436, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Sadly, that never happened. After living longer than any other human recipient of an animal heart, Baby Fae’s body made a concerted effort to reject the alien transplant. Doctors were forced to increase dosages of an immuno-suppressive drug, leading to kidney failure. Ultimately, they were defeated by the swift onset of heart failure – and on November 15, after holding on for 21 days, Baby Fae died.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.075788497924805, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Within a year, Dr Bailey had performed the first infant-to-infant heart transplant on Baby Moses, whose actual name is Eddie. Now 30 years old, Eddie holds the distinction of being the oldest living infant heart transplant recipient. “Much of what we learned from Baby Fae's operation we were able to apply to the first successful infant-to-infant heart transplant just over a year later in November 1985,” said Dr Bailey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.123064994812012, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "The surgeon’s actions were criticised by many, however, on both ethical and medical grounds. The American Medical Association said that his assertion that Baby Fae’s death was not related to the species of her donor was “wishful thinking” – and that a newborn’s immune system “is intact, inexperienced and in some ways functionally deficient, but it is capable of the rejection response” in the same way that an adult’s is.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123074531555176, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "But, said Dr Bailey: “The bottom line is Baby Fae's legacy is a strong one – there have been several thousand babies salvaged now who would not (have made it) otherwise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.041805267333984, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Did Dr Bailey cross an ethical line by giving Baby Fae a baboon's heart? Share your thoughts in the Comments section below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0877392292022705, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae - Did you know?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2376708984375, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baboon heart", "passage": "The Paul Simon song The Boy in the Bubble, from the 1986 Graceland album, references her in the lyrics: \"Medicine is magical and magical is art/Thinking of the Boy in the Bubble/And the baby with the baboon heart”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6312828660011292, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Fae", "passage": "Baby Fae’s mother Teresa became famous for this quote: \"There are a lot of sentimental ways of talking about the heart, but it's just a pump. The soul is not in the heart. The soul of a human is in the brain.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.366912841796875, "source": "search", "title": "October 26, 1984: 'Baby Fae' receives baboon's heart in ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Jamie Shea", "passage": "Statement by NATO Spokesman, Dr Jamie Shea on Serbs desertions", "precise_score": -0.5756009221076965, "rough_score": -2.7580931186676025, "source": "search", "title": "NATO Press Releases 1999" }, { "answer": "Jamie Shea", "passage": "Reporters from U.S. media went to the scene on April 15. They interviewed refugee survivors and observed shattered farm tractors, burned bodies identified as refugees, bomb craters, shrapnel, and bomb remnants with U.S. markings. The refugee column had apparently been divided in two main groups. Over the next few days, NATO wavered from insisting its forces attacked only military vehicles to an explanation that two convoys had been targeted, that the refugees had been at the rear of military columns, and that the civilian death toll was limited. On April 16, NATO spokesman Jamie Shea and Gen. Giuseppe Marini declared that \"in one case and one only, we have proof of civilian loss of life. Otherwise, we are sure that we targeted military vehicles.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.23157024383545, "source": "search", "title": "THE CRISIS IN KOSOVO - Human Rights Watch" }, { "answer": "Jamie Shea", "passage": "73 NATO, Operation Allied Force Update, May 22, 1999, 0930 CET. See also Transcript of Press Conference given by Mr. Jamie Shea and Col. Konrad Freytag in Brussels on Saturday, May 22, 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.45303201675415, "source": "search", "title": "THE CRISIS IN KOSOVO - Human Rights Watch" }, { "answer": "Jamie Shea", "passage": "“We never said we would avoid casualties. It would be foolhardy to say that, as no military operation in history has been perfect,” said Jamie Shea, NATO’s chief spokesman, the Guardian reported at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.635850429534912, "source": "search", "title": "15 years on: Looking back at NATO's ‘humanitarian’ bombing ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (, Velikaya Knyazhna Anastasiya Nikolayevna Romanova) ( – July 17, 1918) was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, the last sovereign of Imperial Russia, and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna.", "precise_score": 5.174903869628906, "rough_score": 5.466372489929199, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Anastasia was a younger sister of Grand Duchess Olga, Grand Duchess Tatiana, and Grand Duchess Maria, and was an elder sister of Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia. She was executed with her family in an extrajudicial killing by members of the Cheka, the Bolshevik secret police, on July 17, 1918.", "precise_score": 0.5052554607391357, "rough_score": -2.2196342945098877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Persistent rumors of her possible escape circulated after her death, fueled by the fact that the location of her burial was unknown during the decades of Communist rule. The mass grave near Yekaterinburg which held the remains of the Tsar, his wife, and three of their daughters was revealed in 1991, and the bodies of Alexei Nikolaevich and the remaining daughter—either Anastasia or her older sister Maria—were discovered in 2007.", "precise_score": 4.482051372528076, "rough_score": 2.2532873153686523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "In February 1917, Anastasia and her family were placed under house arrest at the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo during the Russian Revolution. Nicholas II abdicated on March 2/15, 1917. As the Bolsheviks approached, Alexander Kerensky of the Provisional Government had them moved to Tobolsk, Siberia. After the Bolsheviks seized majority control of Russia, Anastasia and her family were moved to the Ipatiev House, or House of Special Purpose, at Yekaterinburg. ", "precise_score": -2.071744918823242, "rough_score": 0.7065463662147522, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Rumors of Anastasia's survival were embellished with various contemporary reports of trains and houses being searched for \"Anastasia Romanov\" by Bolshevik soldiers and secret police. When she was briefly imprisoned at Perm in 1918, Princess Helena Petrovna, the wife of Anastasia's distant cousin, Prince John Constantinovich of Russia, reported that a guard brought a girl who called herself Anastasia Romanova to her cell and asked if the girl was the daughter of the Tsar. Helena Petrovna said she did not recognize the girl and the guard took her away. Although other witnesses in Perm later reported that they saw Anastasia, her mother and sisters in Perm after the murders, this story is now widely discredited as nothing more than a rumor. Rumors that they were alive were fueled by deliberate misinformation designed to hide the fact that the family was dead. A few days after they had been murdered, the German government sent several telegrams to Russia demanding \"the safety of the princesses of German blood\". Russia had recently signed a peace treaty with the Germans, and did not want to upset them by letting them know the women were dead, so they told them they had been moved to a safer location. ", "precise_score": 2.840843439102173, "rough_score": 2.9542150497436523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "In another incident, eight witnesses reported the recapture of a young woman after an apparent escape attempt in September 1918 at a railway station at Siding 37, northwest of Perm. These witnesses were Maxim Grigoyev, Tatiana Sitnikova and her son Fyodor Sitnikov, Ivan Kuklin and Matrina Kuklina, Vassily Ryabov, Ustinya Varankina, and Dr Pavel Utkin, a physician who treated the girl after the incident. Some of the witnesses identified the girl as Anastasia when they were shown photographs of the grand duchess by White Russian Army investigators. Utkin also told the White Russian Army investigators that the injured girl, whom he treated at Cheka headquarters in Perm, told him, \"I am the daughter of the ruler, Anastasia.\" Utkin obtained a prescription from a pharmacy for a patient named \"N\" at the orders of the secret police. White Army investigators later independently located records for the prescription. During the same time period in mid-1918, there were several reports of young people in Russia passing themselves off as Romanov escapees. Boris Soloviev, the husband of Rasputin's daughter Maria, defrauded prominent Russian families by asking for money for a Romanov impostor to escape to China. Soloviev also found young women willing to masquerade as one of the grand duchesses to assist in deceiving the families he had defrauded.", "precise_score": 2.111401081085205, "rough_score": -2.046428918838501, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "In 1991, the presumed burial site of the imperial family and their servants was excavated in the woods outside Yekaterinburg. The grave had been found nearly a decade earlier, but was kept hidden by its discoverers from the Communists who were still ruling Russia at the time. The grave only held nine of the expected eleven sets of remains. DNA and skeletal analysis matched these remains to Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, and three of the four grand duchesses (Olga, Tatiana and presumably Maria). The other remains, with unrelated DNA, correspond to the family's doctor (Yevgeny Botkin), their valet (Alexei Trupp), their cook (Ivan Kharitonov), and Alexandra's maid (Anna Demidova). Forensic expert William R. Maples decided that the Tsarevitch Alexei and Anastasia's bodies were missing from the family's grave. Russian scientists contested this conclusion, however, claiming that it was the body of Maria that was missing. The Russians identified the body as that of Anastasia by using a computer program to compare photos of the youngest grand duchess with the skulls of the victims from the mass grave. They estimated the height and width of the skulls where pieces of bone were missing. American scientists found this method inexact. ", "precise_score": 0.12772594392299652, "rough_score": -2.236769676208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "In 2000, Anastasia and her family were canonized as passion bearers by the Russian Orthodox Church. The family had previously been canonized in 1981 by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad as holy martyrs. The bodies of Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, and three of their daughters were finally interred in the St. Catherine Chapel at St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg on July 17, 1998, eighty years after they were murdered. ", "precise_score": 1.552688479423523, "rough_score": -1.537276268005371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Russia's last tsar Nicholas II (L) and his wife Tsarina Alexander Fyodorovna (2ndR) and children Prince Alexei and Princesses Olga, Tatyana, Maria and Anastasia Photo: EPA", "precise_score": 3.101881265640259, "rough_score": 4.169858455657959, "source": "search", "title": "Mystery of murdered Russian Tsar's missing children solved ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "17. The Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna settled first with her sister, Queen Mother Alexandra of Britain and then moved to her native Denmark where she died at the Villa Hvidore, near Copenhagen in 1928. She never accepted the fate of her sons and grandchildren nor acknowledged Anna Anderson, the Anastasia claimant. In 2005, Queen Margarethe II of Denmark and President Vladimir Putin of Russia and their respective governments agreed that the Empress's remains should be returned to Saint Petersburg in accordance with her wish to be interred next to her husband. A number of ceremonies took place from 23 to 28 September 2006. The funeral service, attended by high dignitaries, including the current Head of the Russian Imperial House, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna, Crown Prince and Princess of Denmark and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. On 26 September 2006, a statue of Maria Feodorovna was unveiled near her favourite Cottage Palace in Peterhof. Following a service at Saint Isaac's Cathedral, she was interred next to her husband Alexander III in the Peter and Paul Cathedral on 28 September 2006, 140 years after her first arrival to Russia and almost 78 years after her death.", "precise_score": -1.6541876792907715, "rough_score": 2.908583641052246, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Russia - The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Confusion reigned for 90 years about a possible surviving daughter of Czar Nicholas II, the last Imperial ruler of Russia. Now a public report reveals how modern investigators established that neither Anastasia nor the czar's other children found a fairy tale ending.", "precise_score": 4.511981964111328, "rough_score": -0.3383466899394989, "source": "search", "title": "No survivors in Russian Czar family murders - Technology ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Her possible survival has been conclusively disproven. Forensic analysis and DNA testing confirmed that the remains are those of the imperial family, showing that all four grand duchesses were killed in 1918. Several women have falsely claimed to have been Anastasia; the best known impostor is Anna Anderson. Anderson's body was cremated upon her death in 1984, but DNA testing in 1994 on available pieces of Anderson's tissue and hair showed no relation to the DNA of the Romanov family. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.768453598022461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "When Anastasia was born, her parents and extended family were disappointed that she was a girl. They hoped for a son who would be heir apparent to the throne. Tsar Nicholas II went for a long walk to compose himself before going to visit Tsarina Alexandra and the newborn Anastasia for the first time. One meaning of her name is \"the breaker of chains\" or \"the prison opener.\" The fourth grand duchess received her name because, in honor of her birth, her father pardoned and reinstated students who had been imprisoned for participating in riots in St. Petersburg and Moscow the previous winter. Another meaning of the name is \"of the resurrection,\" a fact often alluded to later in stories about her rumored survival. Anastasia's title is most precisely translated as \"Grand Princess\". \"Grand Duchess\" became the most widely used translation of the title into English from Russian. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.055478096008301, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "The Tsar's children were raised as simply as possible. They slept on hard camp cots without pillows, except when they were ill, took cold baths in the morning, and were expected to tidy their rooms and do needlework to be sold at various charity events when they were not otherwise occupied. Most in the household, including the servants, generally called the Grand Duchess by her first name and patronym, Anastasia Nikolaevna, and did not use her title or style. She was occasionally called by the French version of her name, \"Anastasie\", or by the Russian nicknames \"Nastya\", \"Nastas\", or \"Nastenka\". Other family nicknames for Anastasia were \"Malenkaya,\" meaning \"little (one)\", or \"shvibzik,\" the Russian word for \"imp\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.803865909576416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Living up to her nicknames, young Anastasia grew into a vivacious and energetic child, described as short and inclined to be chubby, with blue eyes and strawberry-blonde hair. Margaretta Eagar, a governess to the four grand duchesses, said one person commented that the toddler Anastasia had the greatest personal charm of any child she had ever seen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.83133602142334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "While often described as gifted and bright, she was never interested in the restrictions of the school room, according to her tutors Pierre Gilliard and Sydney Gibbes. Gibbes, Gilliard, and ladies-in-waiting Lili Dehn and Anna Vyrubova described Anastasia as lively, mischievous, and a gifted actress. Her sharp, witty remarks sometimes hit sensitive spots. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199292182922363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Anastasia's daring occasionally exceeded the limits of acceptable behavior. \"She undoubtedly held the record for punishable deeds in her family, for in naughtiness she was a true genius\", said Gleb Botkin, son of the court physician Yevgeny Botkin, who later died with the family at Yekaterinburg. Anastasia sometimes tripped the servants and played pranks on her tutors. As a child, she would climb trees and refuse to come down. Once, during a snowball fight at the family's Polish estate, Anastasia rolled a rock into a snowball and threw it at her older sister Tatiana, knocking her to the ground. A distant cousin, Princess Nina Georgievna, recalled that \"Anastasia was nasty to the point of being evil\", and would cheat, kick and scratch her playmates during games; she was affronted because the younger Nina was taller than she was. She was also less concerned about her appearance than her sisters. Hallie Erminie Rives, a best-selling American author and wife of an American diplomat, described how 10-year-old Anastasia ate chocolates without bothering to remove her long, white opera gloves at the St. Petersburg opera house. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.277853012084961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Anastasia and her older sister Maria were known within the family as \"The Little Pair\". The two girls shared a room, often wore variations of the same dress, and spent much of their time together. Their older sisters Olga and Tatiana also shared a room and were known as \"The Big Pair\". The four girls sometimes signed letters using the nickname, OTMA, which was derived from the first letters of their first names. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.901650428771973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Despite her energy, Anastasia's physical health was sometimes poor. The Grand Duchess suffered from painful bunions, which affected both of her big toes. Anastasia had a weak muscle in her back and was prescribed twice-weekly massage. She hid under the bed or in a cupboard to put off the massage. Anastasia's older sister, Maria, reportedly hemorrhaged in December 1914 during an operation to remove her tonsils, according to her paternal aunt Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia, who was interviewed later in her life. The doctor performing the operation was so unnerved that he had to be ordered to continue by Maria's mother, Tsarina Alexandra. Olga Alexandrovna said she believed all four of her nieces bled more than was normal and believed they were carriers of the hemophilia gene, like their mother. Symptomatic carriers of the gene, while not hemophiliacs themselves, can have symptoms of hemophilia including a lower than normal blood clotting factor that can lead to heavy bleeding. DNA testing on the remains of the royal family proved conclusively in 2009 that Alexei suffered from Hemophilia B, a rarer form of the disease. His mother and one sister, identified alternatively as Maria or Anastasia, were carriers. Therefore, had Anastasia lived to have children of her own, they may have been afflicted by the disease as well. Alexei's hemophilia was chronic and incurable; his frequent attacks caused permanent disability. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.300206184387207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Her mother relied on the counsel of Grigori Rasputin, a Russian peasant and wandering starets or \"holy man,\" and credited his prayers with saving the ailing Tsarevich on numerous occasions. Anastasia and her siblings were taught to view Rasputin as \"Our Friend\" and to share confidences with him. In the autumn of 1907, Anastasia's aunt Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia was escorted to the nursery by the Tsar to meet Rasputin. Anastasia, her sisters and brother Alexei were all wearing their long white nightgowns. \"All the children seemed to like him,\" Olga Alexandrovna recalled. \"They were completely at ease with him.\" Rasputin's friendship with the imperial children was evident in some of the messages he sent to them. In February 1909, Rasputin sent the imperial children a telegram, advising them to \"Love the whole of God's nature, the whole of His creation in particular this earth. The Mother of God was always occupied with flowers and needlework.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.455498695373535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "However, one of the girls' governesses, Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva, was horrified in 1910 that Rasputin was permitted access to the nursery when the four girls were in their nightgowns and wanted him barred. Nicholas asked Rasputin to avoid going to the nurseries in the future. The children were aware of the tension and feared that their mother would be angered by Tyutcheva's actions. \"I am so afr(aid) that S.I. (governess Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva) can speak ... about our friend something bad,\" Anastasia's twelve-year-old sister Tatiana wrote to their mother on March 8, 1910. \"I hope our nurse will be nice to our friend now.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.583595275878906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "However, rumors persisted and it was later whispered in society that Rasputin had seduced not only the Tsarina but also the four grand duchesses. The gossip was fueled by ardent, yet by all accounts innocent, letters written to Rasputin by the Tsarina and the four grand duchesses which were released by Rasputin and which circulated throughout society. \"My dear, precious, only friend,\" wrote Anastasia. \"How much I should like to see you again. You appeared to me today in a dream. I am always asking Mama when you will come ... I think of you always, my dear, because you are so good to me ...\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.197687149047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "In his memoirs, A. A. Mordvinov reported that the four grand duchesses appeared \"cold and visibly terribly upset\" by Rasputin's death, and sat \"huddled up closely together\" on a sofa in one of their bedrooms on the night they received the news. Mordvinov recalled that the young women were in a gloomy mood and seemed to sense the political upheaval that was about to be unleashed. Rasputin was buried with an icon signed on its reverse by Anastasia, her mother and her sisters. She attended his funeral on December 21, 1916, and her family planned to build a church over the site of Rasputin's grave. After they were killed by the Bolsheviks, it was discovered Anastasia and her sisters were all wearing amulets bearing Rasputin's picture and a prayer. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.873492240905762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "During World War I, Anastasia, along with her sister Maria, visited wounded soldiers at a private hospital in the grounds at Tsarskoye Selo. The two teenagers, too young to become Red Cross nurses like their mother and elder sisters, played games of checkers and billiards with the soldiers and tried to lift their spirits. Felix Dassel, who was treated at the hospital and knew Anastasia, recalled that the grand duchess had a \"laugh like a squirrel,\" and walked rapidly \"as though she tripped along.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.169442176818848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "The stress and uncertainty of captivity took their toll on Anastasia as well as her family. \"Goodby,\" she wrote to a friend in the winter of 1917. \"Don't forget us.\" At Tobolsk, she wrote a melancholy theme for her English tutor, filled with spelling mistakes, about \"Evelyn Hope\", a poem by Robert Browning about a young girl: \"When she died she was only sixteen years old,\" Anastasia wrote. \"Ther(e) was a man who loved her without having seen her but (k)new her very well. And she he(a)rd of him also. He never could tell her that he loved her, and now she was dead. But still he thought that when he and she will live [their] next life whenever it will be that ...\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.511862754821777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "At Tobolsk, she and her sisters sewed jewels into their clothing in hopes of hiding them from their captors, since Alexandra had written to warn them that she, Nicholas and Maria had been searched upon arriving in Yekaterinburg, and had items confiscated. Their mother used predetermined code words \"medicines\" and \"Sednev's belongings\" for the jewels. Letters from Demidova to Tegleva gave the instructions. Pierre Gilliard recalled his last sight of the children at Yekaterinburg: \"The sailor Nagorny, who attended to Alexei Nikolaevitch, passed my window carrying the sick boy in his arms, behind him came the Grand Duchesses loaded with valises and small personal belongings. I tried to get out, but was roughly pushed back into the carriage by the sentry. I came back to the window. Tatiana Nikolayevna came last carrying her little dog and struggling to drag a heavy brown valise. It was raining and I saw her feet sink into the mud at every step. Nagorny tried to come to her assistance; he was roughly pushed back by one of the commisars ...\" Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden told of her sad last glimpse of Anastasia: \"Once, standing on some steps at the door of a house close by, I saw a hand and a pink-sleeved arm opening the topmost pane. According to the blouse the hand must have belonged either to the Grand Duchess Marie or Anastasia. They could not see me through their windows, and this was to be the last glimpse that I was to have of any of them!\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.55795431137085, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "However, even in the last months of her life, she found ways to enjoy herself. She and other members of the household performed plays for the enjoyment of their parents and others in the spring of 1918. Anastasia's performance made everyone howl with laughter, according to her tutor Sydney Gibbes. In a May 7, 1918 letter from Tobolsk to her sister Maria in Yekaterinburg, Anastasia described a moment of joy despite her sadness and loneliness and worry for the sick Alexei: \"We played on the swing, that was when I roared with laughter, the fall was so wonderful! Indeed! I told the sisters about it so many times yesterday that they got quite fed up, but I could go on telling it masses of times ... What weather we've had! One could simply shout with joy.\" In his memoirs, one of the guards at the Ipatiev House, Alexander Strekotin, remembered Anastasia as \"very friendly and full of fun\", while another guard said Anastasia was \"a very charming devil! She was mischievous and, I think, rarely tired. She was lively, and was fond of performing comic mimes with the dogs, as though they were performing in a circus.\" Yet another of the guards, however, called the youngest grand duchess \"offensive and a terrorist\" and complained that her occasionally provocative comments sometimes caused tension in the ranks. Anastasia and her sisters helped their maid darn stockings and assisted the cook in making bread and other kitchen chores while they were in captivity at the Ipatiev House. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.029705047607422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "In the summer, the privations of the captivity, including their closer confinement at the Ipatiev House negatively affected the family. According to some accounts, at one point Anastasia became so upset about the locked, painted windows that she opened one to look outside and get fresh air. A sentry reportedly saw her and fired, narrowly missing her. She did not try again. On July 14, 1918, local priests at Yekaterinburg conducted a private church service for the family. They reported that Anastasia and her family, contrary to custom, fell on their knees during the prayer for the dead, and that the girls had become despondent and hopeless, and no longer sang the replies in the service. Noticing this dramatic change in their demeanor since his last visit, one priest told the other, \"Something has happened to them in there.\" But the next day, on July 15, 1918, Anastasia and her sisters appeared in good spirits as they joked and helped move the beds in their shared bedroom so that cleaning women could clean the floors. They helped the women scrub the floors and whispered to them when the guards weren't watching. Anastasia stuck her tongue out at Yakov Yurovsky, the head of the detachment, when he momentarily turned his back and left the room. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.312198638916016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "The \"Yurovsky Note\" further reported that once the thick smoke that had filled the room from so many weapons being fired in such close proximity cleared, it was discovered that the executioners' bullets had ricocheted off the corsets of two or three of the Grand Duchesses. The executioners later came to find out that this was because the family's crown jewels and diamonds had been sewn inside the linings of the corsets to hide them from their captors. The corsets thus served as a form of \"armor\" against the bullets. Anastasia and Maria were said to have crouched up against a wall, covering their heads in terror, until they were shot down by bullets, recalled Yurovsky. However, another guard, Peter Ermakov, told his wife that Anastasia had been finished off with bayonets. As the bodies were carried out, one or more of the girls cried out, and were clubbed on the back of the head, wrote Yurovsky.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.919416427612305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Anastasia's supposed escape and possible survival was one of the most popular historical mysteries of the 20th century, provoking many books and films. At least ten women claimed to be her, offering varying stories as to how she had survived. Anna Anderson, the best known Anastasia impostor, first surfaced publicly between 1920 and 1922. She contended that she had feigned death among the bodies of her family and servants, and was able to make her escape with the help of a compassionate guard who noticed she was still breathing and took sympathy upon her. Her legal battle for recognition from 1938 to 1970 continued a lifelong controversy and was the longest running case ever heard by the German courts, where it was officially filed. The final decision of the court was that Anderson had not provided sufficient proof to claim the identity of the grand duchess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.077482223510742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Other lesser known claimants were Nadezhda Ivanovna Vasilyeva and Eugenia Smith. Two young women claiming to be Anastasia and her sister Maria were taken in by a priest in the Ural Mountains in 1919 where they lived as nuns until their deaths in 1964. They were buried under the names Anastasia and Maria Nikolaevna. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.783163070678711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "American scientists thought the missing body to be Anastasia because none of the female skeletons showed the evidence of immaturity, such as an immature collarbone, undescended wisdom teeth, or immature vertebrae in the back, that they would have expected to find in a seventeen-year-old. In 1998, when the remains of the imperial family were finally interred, a body measuring approximately 5'7\" was buried under the name of Anastasia. Photographs taken of her standing beside her three sisters up until six months before the murders demonstrate that Anastasia was several inches shorter than all of them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.281129837036133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "The account of the \"Yurovsky Note\" indicated that two of the bodies were removed from the main grave and cremated at an undisclosed area in order to further disguise the burials of the Tsar and his retinue, if the remains were discovered by the Whites, since the body count would not be correct. Searches of the area in subsequent years failed to turn up a cremation site or the remains of the two missing Romanov children. However, on August 23, 2007, a Russian archaeologist announced the discovery of two burned, partial skeletons at a bonfire site near Yekaterinburg that appeared to match the site described in Yurovsky's memoirs. The archaeologists said the bones were from a boy who was roughly between the ages of ten and thirteen years at the time of his death and of a young woman who was roughly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three years old. Anastasia was seventeen years and one month old at the time of the assassination, while her sister Maria was nineteen years, one month old and her brother Alexei was two weeks shy of his fourteenth birthday. Anastasia's elder sisters Olga and Tatiana were twenty-two and twenty-one years old respectively at the time of the assassination. Along with the remains of the two bodies, archaeologists found \"shards of a container of sulfuric acid, nails, metal strips from a wooden box, and bullets of various caliber.\" The site was initially found with metal detectors and by using metal rods as probes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.450705528259277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "DNA testing by multiple international laboratories such as the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory and Innsbruck Medical University confirmed that the remains belong to the Tsarevich Alexei and to one of his sisters, proving conclusively that all family members, including Anastasia, died in 1918. The parents and all five children are now accounted for, and each has his or her own unique DNA profile. However, as reported in one of the studies:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.297147750854492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "It should be mentioned that a well publicized debate over which daughter, Maria (according to Russian experts) or Anastasia (according to US experts), has been recovered from the second grave cannot be settled based upon the DNA results reported here. In the absence of a DNA reference from each sister, we can only conclusively identify Alexei – the only son of Nicholas and Alexandra.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7714428901672363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "The purported survival of Anastasia has been the subject of both cinema and made-for-television films. The earliest, made in 1928, was called Clothes Make the Woman. The story followed a woman who turns up to play the part of a rescued Anastasia for a Hollywood film, and ends up being recognized by the Russian soldier who originally rescued her from her would-be assassins. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.863460540771484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "One notable film is the highly fictionalized Anastasia (1956) starring Ingrid Bergman as Anna Anderson, Yul Brynner as General Bounine (a fictional character based on several actual men), and Helen Hayes as the Dowager Empress Marie, Anastasia's paternal grandmother. The film tells the story of a refugee who appears in Paris in 1928 and is captured by several Russian émigrés who feed her information so that they can fool Anastasia's grandmother into thinking she is her granddaughter in an attempt to obtain a Tsarist fortune. As time goes by they begin to suspect that \"Madame A. Anderson\" really is the missing grand duchess. The story served as the basis for the short-lived 1965 musical Anya, and the 1997 animated musical film Anastasia, with Meg Ryan voicing Anastasia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.642331600189209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "In 1986, NBC broadcast a mini-series loosely based on a book published in 1983 by Peter Kurth called Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson. The movie, Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna was a two-part series which began with the young Anastasia Nicholaevna and her family being sent to Yekaterinburg, where they are executed by Bolshevik soldiers. The story then moves to 1923, and while taking great liberties, fictitiously follows the claims of the woman known as Anna Anderson. Amy Irving portrays the adult Anna Anderson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.836331367492676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Refusing to accept the deaths at Yekaterinburg, she continued to write to her son and interviewed several women claiming to be her granddaughter Anastasia, said by some to have escaped the Bolsheviks. She died in 1928 and was buried at Roskilde, Denmark's royal cathedral.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4700238704681396, "source": "search", "title": "Body of last tsar's mother brought back to Russia - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "7. Grand Duchess Anastasia Nicholaievna", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.358979225158691, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Russia - The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "26. Grand Duchess Anastasia Nicholaievna, Princess of Montenegro and her two children from a previous marriage (Prince Sergei Georgevich of Leuchtenberg and Princess Helen Georgevna of Leuchtenberg and her husband Count Stephan Tyszkiewicz).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.89470386505127, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Russia - The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "G. Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna, Dowager Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg, was living in France.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.444330215454102, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Russia - The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "26. His wife, the Grand Duchess Anastasia Nicholaievna died at Cap d'Antibes in 1935.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.41474723815918, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Russia - The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "E. Her sister, Princess Xenia Georgevna, married William Leeds and herman Jud and died at Glen Cove, New York in 1965. She gained notoriety for hosting and giving support to Anna Anderson, the Anastasia claimant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.005925178527832, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Russia - The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "G. Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna died at Eze, France in 1922. She was the mother of Queen Alexandrine of Denmark and Crown-Princess Cecelie of Germany.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.377527236938477, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Russia - The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "l. Countess Anastasia Mikhailovna married Sir Harald Wernher and died at Luton, Britain in 1973.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.220582962036133, "source": "search", "title": "Royal Russia - The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors" }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "The czar and his family were gunned down and stabbed by members of the Red Guard early on the morning of July 17, 1918, but rumors have persisted that two of the children, the Grand Duchess Anastasia and her brother Alexei, survived, perhaps because the diamonds sewn into their clothes blocked attempts to kill them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.114396572113037, "source": "search", "title": "DNA testing ends mystery surrounding Czar Nicholas II ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "\"I think it is very compelling evidence that this family has been reunited finally,\" said geneticist Terry Melton of Mitotyping Technologies in State College, Pa., an expert in forensic DNA. Melton, who was not involved in the new research, played a major role in disproving the famous claim of the late Anna Anderson that she was Anastasia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26526165008545, "source": "search", "title": "DNA testing ends mystery surrounding Czar Nicholas II ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Neither Anastasia nor the czar's other children found a fairy tale ending", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.077056884765625, "source": "search", "title": "No survivors in Russian Czar family murders - Technology ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Confirmation of the father's identity allows researchers to firmly say that the second site contains the bodies of Crown Prince Alexei and one of his older sisters. Forensic scientists say that the sister was likely Maria, although some initially thought it could be Anastasia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.54806900024414, "source": "search", "title": "No survivors in Russian Czar family murders - Technology ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Explosive new book claims Princess Anastasia DID escape to the West | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219884872436523, "source": "search", "title": "Explosive new book claims Princess Anastasia DID escape to ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Did Grand Duchess Anastasia survive the Bolshevik bullets? Explosive new book claims fresh evidence shows the Russian princess really DID escape to the West", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.836055755615234, "source": "search", "title": "Explosive new book claims Princess Anastasia DID escape to ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Veniamin Alekseyev says Grand Duchess Anastasia probably did escape", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535265922546387, "source": "search", "title": "Explosive new book claims Princess Anastasia DID escape to ..." }, { "answer": "Anastasia", "passage": "Says Tsarina and Anastasia's sisters Olga, Marie and Tatiana also got away", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.880791664123535, "source": "search", "title": "Explosive new book claims Princess Anastasia DID escape to ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Whitney Houston was born on August 9, 1963 in what was then a middle-income neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey. She was the daughter of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. (September 13, 1920 – February 2, 2003), and gospel singer Emily \"Cissy\" (Drinkard) Houston. Her elder brother Michael is a singer, and her elder half-brother is former basketball player Gary Garland. Her parents were both African American, and she was also said to have Native American and Dutch ancestry. Through her mother, Houston was a first cousin of singers Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick. Her godmother was Darlene Love and her honorary aunt was Aretha Franklin, whom she met at age 8 or 9 when her mother took her to a recording studio. Houston was raised a Baptist, but was also exposed to the Pentecostal church. After the 1967 Newark riots, the family moved to a middle-class area in East Orange, New Jersey, when she was four. ", "precise_score": 4.697770118713379, "rough_score": 6.291691780090332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitney Houston" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha Franklin cancels appearance | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": 1.5044481754302979, "rough_score": 3.881786346435547, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha ..." }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Houston learned to sing from her mother, gospel singer Cissy Houston, who, along with her cousin Dionne Warwick and godmother Aretha Franklin, was a notable figure in gospel music in the 1960s and '70s. As a child, Houston joined the New Hope church's junior choir, where her talent was quickly rewarded with solos, the first of which was reportedly the hymn \"Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah.\"", "precise_score": 5.045144081115723, "rough_score": 4.38213586807251, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston's Music Inspired By Her Faith - MTV" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Her mother was gospel singer Cissy Houston, she was cousin to singer Dionne Warwick as well as having Aretha Franklin as godmother.", "precise_score": 5.456424236297607, "rough_score": 5.875537395477295, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston's death stuns music world - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Houston’s mother, the veteran soul singer, Cissy Houston, as well as Whitney’s godmother, Aretha Franklin, are friends of community member Asiel Ben Yisrael from his earlier days in Chicago. Ben Yisrael has been working on this visit for over two years and met in the United States with mutual friends of his and the singer’s family.", "precise_score": 8.790083885192871, "rough_score": 10.313089370727539, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston calls Israel 'home' | ISRAEL21c" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "The most important female soul singer to emerge was Aretha Franklin, originally a gospel singer who began to make secular recordings in 1960 but whose career was later revitalised by her recordings for Atlantic. Her 1967 recordings, such as \"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)\", \"Respect\" (originally sung by Otis Redding), and \"Do Right Woman, Do Right Man\" (written by Chips Moman and Dan Penn), were significant and commercially successful productions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8373180627822876, "source": "wiki", "title": "Soul music" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "The film's accompanying soundtrack, Waiting to Exhale: Original Soundtrack Album, was written and produced by Babyface. Though he originally wanted Houston to record the entire album, she declined. Instead, she \"wanted it to be an album of women with vocal distinction\", and thus gathered several African-American female artists for the soundtrack, to go along with the film's message about strong women. Consequently, the album featured a range of contemporary R&B female recording artists along with Houston, such as Mary J. Blige, Brandy, Toni Braxton, Aretha Franklin, and Patti LaBelle. Houston's \"Exhale (Shoop Shoop)\" peaked at No. 1, and then spent a record eleven weeks at the No. 2 spot and eight weeks on top of the R&B Charts. \"Count On Me\", a duet with CeCe Winans, hit the U.S. Top 10; and Houston's third contribution, \"Why Does It Hurt So Bad\", made the Top 30. The album debuted at No. 1, and was certified 7× Platinum in the United States, denoting shipments of seven million copies. The soundtrack received strong reviews; as Entertainment Weekly stated: \"the album goes down easy, just as you'd expect from a package framed by Whitney Houston tracks... the soundtrack waits to exhale, hovering in sensuous suspense\" and has since ranked it as one of the 100 Best Movie Soundtracks. Later that year, Houston's children's charity organization was awarded a VH1 Honor for all the charitable work. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.627139091491699, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitney Houston" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Houston and Chase then obtained the rights to the story of Dorothy Dandridge. Houston was to play Dandridge, the first African American actress to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Houston wanted the story told with dignity and honor. However, Halle Berry also had rights to the project and got her version going first. Later that year, Houston paid tribute to her idols, such as Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, and Dionne Warwick, by performing their hits during the three-night HBO Concert Classic Whitney: Live from Washington, D.C.. The special raised over $300,000 for the Children's Defense Fund. Houston received the Quincy Jones Award for outstanding career achievements in the field of entertainment at the 12th Soul Train Music Awards. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.448212146759033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitney Houston" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Houston had an invitation-only memorial on Saturday, February 18, 2012, at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, New Jersey. The service was scheduled for two hours, but lasted four. Among those who performed at the funeral were Stevie Wonder (rewritten version of \"Ribbon in the Sky\", and \"Love's in Need of Love Today\"), CeCe Winans (\"Don't Cry\", and \"Jesus Loves Me\"), Alicia Keys (\"Send Me an Angel\"), Kim Burrell (rewritten version of \"A Change Is Gonna Come\"), and R. Kelly (\"I Look to You\"). The performances were interspersed with hymns by the church choir and remarks by Clive Davis, Houston's record producer; Kevin Costner; Rickey Minor, her music director; her cousin, Dionne Warwick; and Ray Watson, her security guard for the past 11 years. Aretha Franklin was listed on the program and was expected to sing, but was unable to attend the service. Bobby Brown, Houston's ex-husband, was also invited to the funeral but he left before the service began. Houston was buried on February 19, 2012, in Fairview Cemetery, in Westfield, New Jersey, next to her father, John Russell Houston, who died in 2003. In June 2012, the McDonald's Gospelfest in Newark became a tribute to Houston. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.550395965576172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitney Houston" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Many other celebrities released statements responding to Houston's death. Darlene Love, Houston's godmother, hearing the news of her death, said, \"It felt like I had been struck by a lightning bolt in my gut.\" Dolly Parton, whose song \"I Will Always Love You\" was covered by Houston, said, \"I will always be grateful and in awe of the wonderful performance she did on my song, and I can truly say from the bottom of my heart, 'Whitney, I will always love you. You will be missed.'\" Aretha Franklin said, \"It's so stunning and unbelievable. I couldn't believe what I was reading coming across the TV screen.\" Others paying tribute included Mariah Carey, Quincy Jones and Oprah Winfrey. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3449714183807373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitney Houston" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Houston's vocal stylings have had a significant impact on the music industry. According to Linda Lister in Divafication: The Deification of Modern Female Pop Stars, she has been called the \"Queen of Pop\" for her influence during the 1990s, commercially rivaling Mariah Carey and Celine Dion.\"If Ella Fitzgerald is the queen of jazz, Billie Holiday first lady of the blues, and Aretha Franklin the queen of soul, then who is the queen of pop? In the 1990s, it would seem to be a three-way tie between Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, and Celine Dion. Certainly all three have their devotees and detractors, but their presence has been inescapable.\" in Stephen Holden from The New York Times, in his review of Houston's Radio City Music Hall concert on July 20, 1993, praised her attitude as a singer, writing, \"Whitney Houston is one of the few contemporary pop stars of whom it might be said: the voice suffices. While almost every performer whose albums sell in the millions calls upon an entertainer's bag of tricks, from telling jokes to dancing to circus pyrotechnics, Ms. Houston would rather just stand there and sing.\" With regard to her singing style, he added: \"Her [Houston's] stylistic trademarks – shivery melismas that ripple up in the middle of a song, twirling embellishments at the ends of phrases that suggest an almost breathless exhilaration – infuse her interpretations with flashes of musical and emotional lightning.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8838622570037842, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitney Houston" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "A number of artists have acknowledged Houston as an influence, including Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Toni Braxton, Christina Aguilera, LeAnn Rimes, Jessica Simpson, Nelly Furtado, Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears,\"Everybody Talk About Pop Music!\". MTV. August 2001. Ciara, P!nk, Aneeka, Ashanti, Robin Thicke, Jennifer Hudson, Stacie Orrico, Amerie, Destiny's Child, and Ariana Grande. Mariah Carey, who was often compared to Houston, said, \"She [Houston] has been a big influence on me.\" She later told USA Today that \"none of us would sound the same if Aretha Franklin hadn't ever put out a record, or Whitney Houston hadn't.\" Celine Dion who was the third member of the troika that dominated female pop singing in the 1990s, did a telephone interview with Good Morning America on February 13, 2012, telling \"Whitney's been an amazing inspiration for me. I've been singing with her my whole career, actually. I wanted to have a career like hers, sing like her, look beautiful like her.\" Beyoncé told the Globe and Mail that Houston \"inspired [her] to get up there and do what [she] did\". She also wrote on her website on the day after Houston's death, \"I, like every singer, always wanted to be just like [Houston]. Her voice was perfect. Strong but soothing. Soulful and classic. Her vibrato, her cadence, her control. So many of my life's memories are attached to a Whitney Houston song. She is our queen and she opened doors and provided a blueprint for all of us.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1931558847427368, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitney Houston" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Aretha Franklin has cancelled her appearance at Whitney Houston's funeral today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.950826644897461, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha ..." }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Pulling out: Aretha Franklin performing at Radio City Music Hall last night has cancelled her appearance at Whitney Houston's funeral today", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1053571701049805, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha ..." }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Aretha Franklin, her godmother, also said she was stunned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.884045600891113, "source": "search", "title": "Singer Whitney Houston dies at 48 | Fox News" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "She seemed to be born into greatness. She was the daughter of gospel singer Cissy Houston, the cousin of 1960s pop diva Dionne Warwick and the goddaughter of Aretha Franklin .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5027982592582703, "source": "search", "title": "Singer Whitney Houston dies at 48 | Fox News" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Whitney Houston's godmother, Aretha Franklin, who was slated to perform at the pop queen's funeral on Saturday, will no long be attending the service, according to The Associated Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2490427494049072, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston's Godmother Aretha Franklin Will Not ..." }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Aretha Franklin, the star's godmother, said the news was \"stunning and unbelievable\" while Mariah Carey said she was \"heartbroken and in tears\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.130844116210938, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston's death stuns music world - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha Franklin rocks the stage in New York just hours after cancelling appearance | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0804953575134277, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha ..." }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "And it appears Aretha Franklin made the speedy recovery she was hoping for, as she took to the stage at Radio City Music Hall last night.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.180364608764648, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha ..." }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Bounced back: Aretha Franklin performed at Radio City Music Hall in New York last night after cancelling her appearance at Whitney Houston's funeral", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.003922462463379, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha ..." }, { "answer": "Aretha Franklin", "passage": "Pulling out: Aretha Franklin performing at Radio City Music Hall last night has cancelled her appearance at Whitney Houston's funeral today", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1053571701049805, "source": "search", "title": "Whitney Houston funeral: Singer's godmother Aretha ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "\"I, Robot\" is a science fiction short story by Eando Binder (nom de plume for Earl and Otto Binder), part of a series about a robot named Adam Link. It was published in the January 1939 issue of Amazing Stories, well before the related and better-known book I, Robot (1950), a collection of short stories, by Isaac Asimov. Asimov was heavily influenced by the Binder short story.", "precise_score": 4.652883529663086, "rough_score": -4.989487648010254, "source": "wiki", "title": "I, Robot (short story)" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov was heavily influenced by the Binder short story. In his introduction to the story in Isaac Asimov Presents the Great SF Stories (1979), Asimov wrote: \"It certainly caught my attention. Two months after I read it, I began 'Robbie', about a sympathetic robot, and that was the start of my positronic robot series. Eleven years later, when nine of my robot stories were collected into a book, the publisher named the collection I, Robot over my objections. My book is now the more famous, but Otto's story was there first.\"", "precise_score": -0.07428547739982605, "rough_score": -6.122493743896484, "source": "wiki", "title": "I, Robot (short story)" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov was a Russian-born, American author, a professor of biochemistry, and a highly successful writer, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books.", "precise_score": 1.9201323986053467, "rough_score": -2.8179566860198975, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Asimov is widely considered a master of the science-fiction genre and, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, was considered one of the \"Big Three\" science-fiction writers during his lifetime. Asimov's most famous work is the Found Isaac Asimov was a Russian-born, American author, a professor of biochemistry, and a highly successful writer, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books.", "precise_score": -0.9144189357757568, "rough_score": -6.644075870513916, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov is widely considered a master of the science-fiction genre and, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, was considered one of the \"Big Three\" science-fiction writers during his lifetime. Asimov's most famous work is the Foundation Series; his other major series are the Galactic Empire series and the Robot series, both of which he later tied into the same fictional universe as the Foundation Series to create a unified \"future history\" for his stories much like those pioneered by Robert A. Heinlein and previously produced by Cordwainer Smith and Poul Anderson. He penned numerous short stories, among them \"Nightfall\", which in 1964 was voted by the Science Fiction Writers of America the best short science fiction story of all time, a title many still honor. He also wrote mysteries and fantasy, as well as a great amount of nonfiction. Asimov wrote the Lucky Starr series of juvenile science-fiction novels using the pen name Paul French.", "precise_score": -3.4711523056030273, "rough_score": -7.15590238571167, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Asimov was a long-time member and Vice President of Mensa International, albeit reluctantly; he described some members of that organization as \"brain-proud and aggressive about their IQs\" He took more joy in being president of the American Humanist Association. The asteroid 5020 Asimov, the magazine Asimov's Science Fiction, a Brooklyn, NY elementary school, and two different Isaac Asimov Awards are named in his honor.", "precise_score": -10.394051551818848, "rough_score": -10.656020164489746, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov (c. 2 January 1920 – 6 April 1992 ) was a Russian -born American biochemist who was a prolific author of both fiction and non-fiction, perhaps best remembered for the novels The Foundation Series and I, Robot .", "precise_score": 9.003317832946777, "rough_score": 7.459990501403809, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Asimov, Janet Jeppson (2006-06-06). Notes for a Memoir: On Isaac Asimov, Life, and Writing (1st ed.). Amherst: Prometheus. p. 58. LCC PS3551.S5 Z519 2006 . ISBN 978-1591024057 .", "precise_score": -9.14260196685791, "rough_score": -10.171218872070312, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "The FAQ for the Usenet newsgroup alt.books.isaac-asimov provides answers to the frequently asked questions about Isaac Asimov, and is an excellent place to start if you have questions about him. Included is biographical information about both his personal life and his literary life, answers to questions about the Foundation and Robot series, and more.", "precise_score": -4.935997009277344, "rough_score": -9.760584831237793, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "\"Whereas the second week in April each year is designated as 'National Robotics Week', recognizing the accomplishments of Isaac Asimov, who immigrated to America, taught science, wrote science books for children and adults, first used the term robotics, developed the Three Laws of Robotics, and died in April, 1992: Now, therefore, be it resolved...\"", "precise_score": -0.8206402659416199, "rough_score": -8.562870979309082, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "The tribute to Asimov is due to the efforts of Paula Brooks, a robotics researcher and long-time fan of his who assisted the committee that wrote the resolution.", "precise_score": -4.723838806152344, "rough_score": -9.81914234161377, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov was born in Petrovichi, Russia, in 1920. Petrovichi is very proud of their native son, and have honored the place of his birth with a memorial stone. A picture was supplied by Alexander Azimov, who is almost certainly a relative of Isaac's.", "precise_score": -6.460309982299805, "rough_score": -8.84587574005127, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "By March 18, 1941, Isaac Asimov had written thirty-one stories, sold seventeen, and fourteen had been published. At that time, he considered himself nothing more than a third-rate writer. That evening, he sat down to write his thirty-second story, based on an idea suggested by Astounding editor John W. Campbell the day before. By April 8, he finished the story, titled \"Nightfall\", and on April 9 he took it to Campbell. Two days later, he received this letter from Campbell, and the history of science fiction was changed forever.", "precise_score": -10.411982536315918, "rough_score": -10.624217987060547, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "The Encyclopedia Galactica is the ultimate reference work for the universe detailed in Isaac Asimov's robot, Galactic Empire, and Foundation stories. Providing information on people, chronology, robotics, and other topics, it is published by the Encyclopedia Galactic Publishing Co., via the efforts of Mike Carlin of Bristol, England.", "precise_score": -6.057290077209473, "rough_score": -8.329033851623535, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Science Fiction writer Michael A. Burstein, winner of the 1997 John Campbell Award for Best New Writer, remembers Isaac Asimov in \"Asimov and Me\" , first published in the Fanzine", "precise_score": -8.456586837768555, "rough_score": -10.449514389038086, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Influence on Isaac Asimov", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424213409423828, "source": "wiki", "title": "I, Robot (short story)" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.866366386413574, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Professor Asimov is generally considered the most prolific writer of all time, having written or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards. He has works published in nine of the ten major categories of the Dewey Decimal System (lacking only an entry in the 100s category of Philosophy).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953278541564941, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Professor Asimov is generally considered the most prolific writer of all time, having written or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards. He has works published in nine of the ten major categories of the Dewey Decimal System (lacking only an entry in the 100s category of Philosophy).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953278541564941, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Most of Asimov's popularized science books explain scientific concepts in a historical way, going as far back as possible to a time when the science in question was at its simplest stage. He often provides nationalities, birth dates, and death dates for the scientists he mentions, as well as etymologies and pronunciation guides for technical terms. Examples include his Guide to Science, the three volume set Understanding Physics, and Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261720657348633, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov. (2007, November 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:50, November 29, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_As... ...more", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937828063964844, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov (Author of Foundation) - Goodreads" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.062723159790039, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207771301269531, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov's Guide to Science (1972), p. 15", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235969543457031, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Yours, Isaac Asimov (20 September 1973)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.882840156555176, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov: Well, I hope it does get off the ground. And I hope they expand it, because the shuttle program is the gateway to everything else. By means of the shuttle, we will be able to build space stations and power stations, laboratory facilities and habitations, and everything else in space.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462745666503906, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov: Well, now you've put your finger right on it. In order to have all of these wonderful things in space, we don't have to wait for technology - we've got the technology, and we don't have to wait for the know-how - we've got that too. All we need is the political go-ahead and the economic willingness to spend the money that is necessary. It is a little frustrating to think that if people concentrate on how much it is going to cost they will realize the great amount of profit they will get for their investment. Although they are reluctant to spend a few billions of dollars to get back an infinite quantity of money, the world doesn't mind spending $400 billion every years on arms and armaments, never getting anything back from it except a chance to commit suicide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.431774139404297, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "\"How Easy to See the Future\", Natural History magazine (April 1975); later published in Asimov on Science Fiction (1981)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.013723373413086, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "\"My Own View\" in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (1978) edited by Robert Holdstock; later published in Asimov on Science Fiction (1981)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.694741249084473, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "\"My Own View\" in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (1978) edited by Robert Holdstock; later published in Asimov on Science Fiction (1981)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.694741249084473, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Weisinger , a couple of years ago, made up the following story: \"Isaac Asimov was asked how Superman could fly faster than the speed of light, which was supposed to be an absolute limit. To this Asimov replied, 'That the speed of light is a limit is a theory; that Superman can travel faster than light is a fact.'\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.350910186767578, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "\"Science Fiction, 1938,\" Nebula Winners Fourteen, Pohl, ed., 1980 Asimov on Science Fiction, pg. 97", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210644721984863, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "\"Nowhere!\" Asimov's Science Fiction (September 1983)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175286293029785, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov's Book of Science and Nature Questions (1988), edited with Jason A. Shulman, p. 281", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.084797859191895, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov Laughs Again (1992)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143607139587402, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov's Chronology of the World (1991), p. 11", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207529067993164, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Dedication, p. 5; this refers to the quotation of Friedrich Schiller from which Asimov derived the title of this novel: \"Against stupidity the gods themselves contend in vain .\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165640830993652, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov Home Page", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400291442871094, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov Home Page", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400291442871094, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Welcome to the Isaac Asimov Home Page. Here you'll find a comprehensive collection of resources pertaining to Isaac Asimov (1920-1992), the quintessential author, who in his lifetime wrote over 500 books that enlightened, entertained, and spanned the realm of human knowledge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.816438674926758, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "The Isaac Asimov FAQ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280028343200684, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "The Isaac Asimov Memorial Panel Debate", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450247764587402, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Janet and Robyn Asimov, working with the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, established the Isaac Asimov Fund to support the annual Isaac Asimov Memorial Panel Debate as part of the Museum's Hayden Planetarium Programs. The sixteenth annual debate will take place at 7 PM on the evening of April 5, 2016 in the museum's LeFrak Theater.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08108901977539, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "James Gates, Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland. Gates is a string theorist and author of Superspace, or 1001 Lessons In Supersymmetry. In a previous Asimov Debate, Gates claimed that he found error correcting code buried within the mathematical equations of supersymmetry. This, he suggests, may be evidence that the universe is the product of a virtual-reality-generating computer network.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203825950622559, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Thanks to the many contributors, the Isaac Asimov Memorial Fund continues to grow. If you would like to participate in this extraordinary opportunity to perpetuate Isaac's memory and support the cause of science education, please read the details .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.389952659606934, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "An article from Rotunda , the newsletter of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, profiles the career of Dr. Janet Jeppson Asimov, her involvement with the museum, and the establishment of the Isaac Asimov Memorial Fund.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.927217483520508, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov Recognized by Congress", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362166404724121, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov was recognized by the 111th Congress on March 9, 2010 in House Resolution 1055 , \"supporting the designation of National Robotics Week as an annual event\". The following passage appears in the text of the bill:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.899613380432129, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "A new collection of Isaac Asimov's Black Widower mystery stories was published by Carroll & Graf in November 2003. The Return of the Black Widowers features six stories that never appeared in a Black Widowers's collection, plus ten of the best previously collected Black Widower stories. It also includes an introduction by Asimov's close friend, author Harlan Ellison; a pastiche about the Black Widowers; and an essay by Asimov about how he came to write the Black Widowers stories. Also appearing in the collection is a new Black Widowers story, \"The Last Story\", written by Charles Ardai, the editor of the collection, for the December 2002 issue of Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Asimov's death and the thirtieth anniversary of the publication of the first Black Widowers story.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82219123840332, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "In late March, 2002, Prometheus Books published It's Been a Good Life , an autobiography edited by Janet Jeppson Asimov. The book was compiled from selections made from the three previous autobiographical volumes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.887853622436523, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "A list of Asimov works available on other media : records, audio tapes, videotapes, computer software, and board games. (14k)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.452619552612305, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Sources for Obtaining Asimov's Books", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39599609375, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "There are many websites that offer books for sale, and of course the number grows each day. A number of those are good sources for books by Asimov, and a few are listed here. Please note that the listing of these sites do not constitute an endorsement of their services.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.488372802734375, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Amazon.com Books : With millions of titles available, there is a good chance that you can find most of Asimov's books that are currently in print at Amazon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34473991394043, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "The Antiquarian Booksellers' Association of America offers out-of-print, collectible, and hard to find books. They are an association of booksellers who collectively sell books on the Internet. . Their selection of books by Asimov often includes a number of titles you may not have seen elsewhere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.83652114868164, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "The Science Fiction Book Club sells its own editions of some of Asimov's science fiction books at discount prices.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443496704101562, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Publishers of Asimov's Books on the Web", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.229025840759277, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Prometheus Books published several of Asimov's essay collections.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141450881958008, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Search the science fiction review archives of the Science Fiction Resource Guide to view their collection of reviews of Asimov's books.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357850074768066, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "A Graph of Asimov's Book Publications", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353513717651367, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "It took nineteen years for Asimov to publish his first 100 books, ten years to publish the next 100, and only five years to bring the total up to 300. Thanks to Tony Neilson, here is a graph of the number of books Asimov published each year throughout his career:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.300919532775879, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Isaac Asimov's Birthplace", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.15778636932373, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Science Fiction writer Michael A. Burstein pays homage to Isaac in Cosmic Corkscrew , his Hugo Award nominated story which appeared in the June 1998 issue of Analog, and honors the 60th anniversary of Asimov's submission of his first story to Astounding Science Fiction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.698568344116211, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov and Religion", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395645141601562, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Mike Brummond's scholarly essay Religion in Asimov's Writings considers the aspects of religion that appear in Asimov's fiction, and Asimov's views on religion, as expressed in his nonfiction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16321086883545, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24117374420166, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine has a website containing feature articles, excerpts from upcoming issues, book reviews, online interviews, reprints of Isaac Asimov's editorials, and much more.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.060763359069824, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Isaac Asimov", "passage": "Home to Isaac Asimov's monthly science column for over thirty-three years, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction , founded in 1949, is the award-winning SF magazine which is the original publisher of SF classics like Stephen King's", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.008034706115723, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "Other Asimov Resources", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.451240539550781, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "In the early sixties, Asimov regularly contributed book reviews to The Horn Book , a children's literary review journal, who marked their 75th anniversary in October 1999. At their virtual history exhibit is a letter from Asimov to an editor at Horn Book, after he received an unexpectedly large payment, asking to make sure that he wasn't overpaid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.112550735473633, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" }, { "answer": "Asimov", "passage": "The Life & Times section of the New York Times website also features articles by and about Asimov, as well as reviews of Asimov's books that appeared in the Times (registration required).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407204627990723, "source": "search", "title": "Isaac Asimov Home Page" } ]

[ { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (October 1, 1910 – May 23, 1934) and Clyde Chestnut Barrow a.k.a. Clyde Champion Barrow (March 24, 1909 – May 23, 1934) were American criminals who traveled the central United States with their gang during the Great Depression, robbing and killing people. At times, the gang included Clyde's older brother Buck Barrow and his wife Blanche, Raymond Hamilton, W. D. Jones, Joe Palmer, Ralph Fults, and Henry Methvin. Their exploits captured the attention of the American public during the \"Public Enemy Era,\" between 1931 and 1935. Though known today for their dozen-or-so bank robberies, the two preferred to rob small stores or rural gas stations. The gang is believed to have killed at least nine police officers and several civilians. The couple were eventually ambushed and killed by law officers near the town of Sailes, in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. Their reputation was revived and cemented in American pop folklore by Arthur Penn's 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, in which they were played by Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty.", "precise_score": 5.50222110748291, "rough_score": 7.205031871795654, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "On this day in 1934, notorious criminals Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow are shot to death by Texas and Louisiana state police while driving a stolen car near Sailes, Louisiana.", "precise_score": 8.570206642150879, "rough_score": 7.8293232917785645, "source": "search", "title": "Police kill famous outlaws Bonnie and Clyde - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Clyde was arrested a few days after they met, but Bonnie helped him escape by smuggling a gun into his Waco jail. They robbed their way across the Midwest, until Clyde was captured and thrown in jail once more. He was paroled in early 1932 and soon returned to a life of crime, apparently murdering an Oklahoma sheriff and storekeeper. By August, Bonnie and Clyde were together for good and making news, and they were pursued across Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Louisiana, Arkansas, Kansas, Iowa, and Illinois.", "precise_score": 7.063490867614746, "rough_score": 7.1733245849609375, "source": "search", "title": "FBI 100 - Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde were ambushed and killed on May 23, 1934, on a rural road in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. The couple appeared in daylight in an automobile and were shot by a posse of four Texas officers (Frank Hamer, B.M. \"Manny\" Gault, Bob Alcorn and Ted Hinton) and two Louisiana officers (Henderson Jordan and Prentiss Morel Oakley).", "precise_score": 9.084389686584473, "rough_score": 8.453192710876465, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde Shot and Killed | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "The next month, Bonnie and Clyde and other gang members were themselves killed by police in Louisiana, and the gang’s bloody saga came to an end.  ", "precise_score": 7.760719299316406, "rough_score": 7.01898717880249, "source": "search", "title": "History of Bonnie & Clyde in Southlake | Southlake ..." }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "On this day in 1934, wanted outlaws Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker are shot to death by Texas and Louisiana state police officers as they attempt to escape apprehension in a stolen 1934 Ford Deluxe near Bienville Parish, Louisiana.", "precise_score": 7.904343605041504, "rough_score": 7.4945068359375, "source": "search", "title": "Outlaws Bonnie and Clyde shot to death in stolen Ford ..." }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "For the next three months, the group ranged from Texas as far north as Minnesota. In May, they tried to rob the bank in Lucerne, Indiana and robbed the bank in Okabena, Minnesota. Previously they had kidnapped Dillard Darby and Sophia Stone at Ruston, Louisiana, in the course of stealing Darby's car; this was one of several incidents between 1932 and 1934 in which they kidnapped lawmen or robbery victims. They usually released their hostages far from home, sometimes with money to help them return home. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.234166145324707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Barrow and Parker were ambushed and killed on May 23, 1934, on a rural road in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. The couple appeared in daylight in an automobile and were shot by a posse of four Texas officers (Frank Hamer, B.M. \"Manny\" Gault, Bob Alcorn, and Ted Hinton) and two Louisiana officers (Henderson Jordan and Prentiss Morel Oakley). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.592112064361572, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "The posse was led by Hamer who had begun tracking the pair on February 12, 1934. He studied the gang's movements and found they swung in a circle skirting the edges of five midwestern states, exploiting the \"state line\" rule that prevented officers from one jurisdiction from pursuing a fugitive into another. Barrow was a master of that pre-FBI rule, but consistent in his movements, so the experienced Hamer charted his path and predicted where he would go. The gang's itinerary centered on family visits, and they were due to see Methvin's family in Louisiana.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869382858276367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "On May 21, 1934, the four posse members from Texas were in Shreveport when they learned that Barrow and Parker were to go to Bienville Parish that evening with Methvin. Barrow had designated the residence of Methvin's parents as a rendezvous in case they were separated, and Methvin did get separated from the pair in Shreveport. The full posse, consisting of Captain Hamer, Dallas County Sheriff's Deputies Alcorn and Ted Hinton (both of whom knew Barrow and Parker by sight), former Texas Ranger B.M. \"Manny\" Gault, Bienville Parish Sheriff Henderson Jordan and his deputy Prentiss Oakley, set up an ambush at the rendezvous point along Louisiana State Highway 154 south of Gibsland toward Sailes. Hinton recounted that their group was in place by 9:00 pm on the 21st and waited through the whole next day (May 22) with no sign of the outlaw couple.Hinton, Ted and Larry Grove (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.625923156738281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "The Ford, with the bodies, was towed to the Conger Furniture Store & funeral parlor in downtown Arcadia. Preliminary embalming was done by Bailey in a small preparation room in back of the furniture store (it was common for furniture and undertakers to be together). The northwest Louisiana town was estimated to swell in population from 2,000 to 12,000 within hours, with the curious throngs arriving by train, horseback, buggy, and plane. Beer, which normally sold for 15 cents a bottle, jumped to 25 cents; ham sandwiches quickly sold out. After identifying his son's body, Henry Barrow sat in a rocking chair in the furniture section and wept.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199565887451172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Dallas Sheriff Schmid had previously warned Clyde Barrow before an ambush at Sowers, Texas in November 1933. When he called \"Halt!\", gunfire erupted from the outlaw car, it made a quick U-turn, and he saw rapidly vanishing taillights. Hinton later said it was \"the most futile gesture of the week.\" When the two Louisiana posse officers discussed calling \"Halt!\", the four Texans \"vetoed the idea,\" telling them that Clyde's history had always been to shoot his way out, as had occurred in Platte City, Dexfield Park, and Sowers. It is unlikely that Hamer planned to give warning, but Oakley stood up and opened fire; after a beat, the other officers joined him in firing. Later, Jordan was reported as saying he called out to Barrow, Alcorn said Hamer called out, and Hinton claimed Alcorn did. In another report, they each said they both did. These conflicting claims most likely were collegial attempts to divert the focus from their gun-jumping associate Oakley, who later admitted firing too early.Guinn, p. 357.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.602787971496582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Every year near the anniversary of the ambush, a \"Bonnie and Clyde Festival\" is hosted in the town of Gibsland, off Interstate 20 in Bienville Parish. The ambush location, still comparatively isolated on Louisiana Highway 154, south of Gibsland, is commemorated by a stone marker that has been defaced to near illegibility by souvenir hunters and gunshot. A small metal version was added to accompany the stone monument. It was stolen, as was its replacement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4455406665802, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "After they stole a car and committed several robberies, Parker was caught by police and sent to jail for two months. Released in mid-1932, she rejoined Barrow. Over the next two years, the couple teamed with various accomplices to rob a string of banks and stores across five states–Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, New Mexico and Louisiana. To law enforcement agents, the Barrow Gang–including Barrow’s childhood friend, Raymond Hamilton, W.D. Jones, Henry Methvin, Barrow’s brother Buck and his wife Blanche, among others–were cold-blooded criminals who didn’t hesitate to kill anyone who got in their way, especially police or sheriff’s deputies. Among the public, however, Parker and Barrow’s reputation as dangerous outlaws was mixed with a romantic view of the couple as “Robin Hood”-like folk heroes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.062472343444824, "source": "search", "title": "Police kill famous outlaws Bonnie and Clyde - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Texan prison officials hired a retired Texas police officer, Captain Frank Hamer, as a special investigator to track down Parker and Barrow. After a three-month search, Hamer traced the couple to Louisiana, where Henry Methvin’s family lived. Before dawn on May 23, Hamer and a group of Louisiana and Texas lawmen hid in the bushes along a country road outside Sailes. When Parker and Barrow appeared, the officers opened fire, killing the couple instantly in a hail of bullets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.687077522277832, "source": "search", "title": "Police kill famous outlaws Bonnie and Clyde - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "At that point, Bureau agents went to work, distributing wanted notices with fingerprints, photographs, descriptions, criminal records, and other information to police officers across the country. Agents followed the couple’s trail through many states and into their various haunts, particularly in Louisiana. Bureau agents discovered the couple’s association with Henry Methvin and the Methvin family of Louisiana, and they found that Bonnie and Clyde had been driving a car stolen in New Orleans. The Methvins ultimately decided to help authorities locate the couple.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.886571407318115, "source": "search", "title": "FBI 100 - Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "The end came on May 23, 1934—74 years ago this month. Police officers from Louisiana and Texas, including Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, hid in the bushes along a dirt road near Gibsland, Louisiana. Around nine in the morning, Bonnie and Clyde drove up in their tan Ford. They slowed down when they came across Henry Methvin’s father Ivy standing beside his truck as if it was broken down. It was a trap. Ivy ducked away, and the officers opened fire. Bonnie and Clyde were killed instantly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.6209869384765625, "source": "search", "title": "FBI 100 - Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Before dawn on May 23, 1934, a posse composed of police officers from Louisiana and Texas, including Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, concealed themselves in bushes along the highway near Sailes, Louisiana.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.049283981323242, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde Shot and Killed | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "The posse was led by Hamer who had begun tracking the pair on February 12, 1934. He studied the gang's movements and found they swung in a circle skirting the edges of five midwestern states, exploiting the \"state line\" rule that prevented officers from one jurisdiction from pursuing a fugitive into another. Barrow was a master of that pre-FBI rule, but consistent in his movements, so the experienced Hamer charted his path and predicted where he would go. The gang's itinerary centered on family visits, and they were due to see Methvin's family in Louisiana. Hamer expected this, and had obtained a quantity of civilian Browning Automatic Rifles and 20-round magazines with armor-piercing rounds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.834609031677246, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde Shot and Killed | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "On May 21, 1934, the four posse members from Texas were in Shreveport when they learned that Barrow and Parker were to go to Bienville Parish that evening with Methvin. Barrow had designated the residence of Methvin's parents as a rendezvous in case they were separated, and Methvin did get separated from the pair in Shreveport. The full posse, consisting of Captain Hamer, Dallas County Sheriff's Deputies Alcorn and Ted Hinton (both of whom knew Barrow and Parker by sight), former Texas Ranger B.M. \"Manny\" Gault, Bienville Parish Sheriff Henderson Jordan and his deputy Prentiss Oakley, set up an ambush at the rendezvous point along Louisiana State Highway 154 south of Gibsland toward Sailes. Hinton recounted that their group was in place by 9:00 pm on the 21st and waited through the whole next day (May 22) with no sign of the outlaw couple. Other accounts said the officers set up on the evening of the 22nd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.627455711364746, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde Shot and Killed | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "The Ford, with the bodies, was towed to the Conger Furniture Store & funeral parlor in downtown Arcadia. Preliminary embalming was done by Bailey in a small preparation room in back of the furniture store (it was common for furniture and undertakers to be together). The northwest Louisiana town was estimated to swell in population from 2,000 to 12,000 within hours, with the curious throngs arriving by train, horseback, buggy, and plane. Beer, which normally sold for 15 cents a bottle, jumped to 25 cents; ham sandwiches quickly sold out. After identifying his son's body, Henry Barrow sat in a rocking chair in the furniture section and wept.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199565887451172, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde Shot and Killed | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Beginning in early 1932, Parker and Barrow set off on a two-year crime spree, evading local police in rural Texas, Louisiana and New Mexico before drawing the attention of federal authorities at the Bureau of Investigation (as the FBI was then known). Though the couple was believed to have been responsible for 13 murders by the time they were killed, along with several bank robberies and burglaries, the only charge the Bureau could chase them on was a violation of the National Motor Vehicle Act, which gave federal agents the authority to pursue suspects accused of interstate transportation of a stolen automobile. The car in question was a Ford, stolen in Illinois and found abandoned in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. Inside, agents discovered a prescription bottle later traced to the Texas home of Clyde Barrow’s aunt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.349301815032959, "source": "search", "title": "Outlaws Bonnie and Clyde shot to death in stolen Ford ..." }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "As authorities stepped up the pressure to catch the outlaw couple, the heavily armed Barrow and Parker were joined at various times by the convicted murderer Raymond Hamilton (whom they helped break out of jail in 1934), William Daniel Jones and Clyde’s brother Ivan “Buck” Barrow and his wife, Blanche. In the spring of 1934, federal agents traced the Barrow-Parker gang to a remote county in southwest Louisiana, where the Methvin family was said to have been aiding and abetting the outlaws for over a year. Bonnie and Clyde, along with some of the Methvins, had staged a party at Black Lake, Louisiana, on the night of May 21. Two days later, just before dawn, a posse of police officers from Texas and Louisiana laid an ambush along the highway near Sailes, Louisiana. When Parker and Barrow appeared, going some 85 mph in another stolen Ford–a four-door 1934 Deluxe with a V-8 engine, the officers let loose with a hail of bullets, leaving the couple no chance of survival despite the small arsenal of weapons they had with them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3768896162509918, "source": "search", "title": "Outlaws Bonnie and Clyde shot to death in stolen Ford ..." }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "On This Day: Bonnie and Clyde Shot Dead in Louisiana", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.246423244476318, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Bonnie and Clyde Shot Dead in Louisiana" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "On This Day: Bonnie and Clyde Shot Dead in Louisiana", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.246423244476318, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Bonnie and Clyde Shot Dead in Louisiana" }, { "answer": "Louisiana", "passage": "Henderson Jordan, a former Texas Ranger and sheriff of Bienville Parish in northwestern Louisiana, had been tracking the notorious criminal duo for six weeks. In late May, Jordan received an anonymous tip that Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were passing through his area, \"coming through the lower part of Bienville Parish and going to the northern part of Natchitoches Parish,” as he told The New York Times in a 1934 interview.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.350769996643066, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Bonnie and Clyde Shot Dead in Louisiana" } ]

[ { "answer": "Noah", "passage": " On 17 December 1993, Becker married actress and designer Barbara Feltus. On 18 January 1994, their son Noah Gabriel, named after Becker's friends Yannick Noah and Peter Gabriel, was born. Their second child, Elias Balthasar, was born on 4 September 1999. Before the marriage, they shocked some in Germany by posing nude for the cover of Stern in a picture taken by her father.", "precise_score": 1.8392282724380493, "rough_score": -2.3176071643829346, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boris Becker" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Legendary Tennis player Boris Becker was joined by his family as they hosted a party celebrating the 25th Anniversary of his first win at Wimbledon. Pictured are (LtoR) Noah, 16, wife Sharley Lily Kerssenberg, 10-year-old Elias and Boris.", "precise_score": -1.3216445446014404, "rough_score": -2.5821945667266846, "source": "search", "title": "BORIS BECKER AND HIS WIMBLEDON FAMILY - Black Celebrity Kids" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Boris Becker spent New Year’s Eve with his three sons. The tennis star took Amadeus, 22 months, Elias, 12, and Noah, 18, to the beach in Miami, Florida last Saturday (December 31). The older boys have a Fisher Island home … »» Read the article", "precise_score": 2.560049533843994, "rough_score": 4.322482585906982, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker | Celebrity Baby Scoop" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Gorgeous kids! German tennis legend Boris Becker was joined by his wife Sharlely ‘Lilly’ Kerssenberg and his older sons – Noah, 16, and Elias, 10 – at the 25th Anniversary of his first win at Wimbledon in London, England on … »» Read the article", "precise_score": 3.484788179397583, "rough_score": 3.4884209632873535, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker | Celebrity Baby Scoop" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Notable pseudepigraphal works include the Books of Enoch (such as 1 Enoch, 2 Enoch, surviving only in Old Slavonic, and 3 Enoch, surviving in Hebrew, c. 5th to 6th century CE). These are ancient Jewish religious works, traditionally ascribed to the prophet Enoch, the great-grandfather of the patriarch Noah. They are not part of the biblical canon used by Jews, apart from Beta Israel. Most Christian denominations and traditions may accept the Books of Enoch as having some historical or theological interest or significance. It has been observed that part of the Book of Enoch is quoted in the Epistle of Jude (part of the New Testament) but Christian denominations generally regard the Books of Enoch as non-canonical or non-inspired. However, the Enoch books are treated as canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.353593826293945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bible" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "After Becker asked Barbara for a separation in December 2000, she flew to Miami, Florida, with Noah and Elias and filed a divorce petition in Miami-Dade County Court, sidestepping their prenuptial agreement which had entitled her to a single $2.5 million payoff. Barbara left for Florida after being contacted by a woman claiming to be pregnant with Becker's child. In his autobiography, Becker stated that he admitted to his wife that he had the one night stand with another woman while Barbara was pregnant with their second child. He wrote that Barbara struck him during an argument that occurred after he flew to Florida to meet with her and discuss the break up of their marriage. The pretrial hearing in January 2001 was broadcast live to Germany. Becker was granted a divorce on 15 January 2001. She received a $14.4 million settlement, their condominium on the exclusive Fisher Island, and custody of Noah and Elias.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.165975570678711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boris Becker" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Boris Becker and his son Noah, 16, were spotted watching a U.S. Open match at the Arthur Ashe Stadium in New York City on Sunday (September 5). Noah’s girlfriend Rafaela Remy Sanchez was also there enjoying the sunny day. During … »» Read the article", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.250239372253418, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker | Celebrity Baby Scoop" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "At the age of 31 Becker retired from professional tennis. In 1993, he married Barbara Feltus , who was the daughter of an African-American serviceman and a white German lady. The celebrity couple appeared naked on the cover of \"Stern\" magazine before their marriage (the photo was made by her father). They married on December 17, 1993, and had their first son, Noah, born on January 18, 1994, and their second son Elias, born on September 4, 1999. Becker gained respect for his stance against racism. But in 2000, his wife took both sons to Florida and filed a petition in Miami court, ignoring their prenuptial agreement, that entitled her to a single payoff of $2,500,000. She got 14,400,000 and the custody of both sons, and her lawyer was paid for by Becker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6994705200195312, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "(January 26, 2001) A Munich court granted Becker a divorce. Ex-wife Barbara reportedly got a $14.4 million settlement, their condo on Florida's exclusive Fisher Island and custody of their sons, Noah and Elias.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.180954933166504, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Becker married Barbara Feltus in 1993 and he fathered two children with her - Noah and Elias - and she was carrying his third child when the marriage imploded dramatically in 2000.  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.619340419769287, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker reveals he was pummelled ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Happy families: Boris had two children with Barbara including Noah - pictured here at an Elton John concert", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.481654167175293, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker reveals he was pummelled ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "‘Noah came, pushed himself between us and didn't like it that mummy was attacking daddy . I eventually got her hands behind her back and she went wild.  Noah was arbitrating between us.  It was horrible! ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402566909790039, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker reveals he was pummelled ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "\"I was really young when I first came on the scene,\" he says. \"I was bound to go through changes along the way, and they happened in front of a lot of people's eyes.\" Yes, but it probably didn't help that he did things like pose naked on the cover of a magazine with his then wife, Barbara Feltus, whom he married in 1993. They were in love. Publicly. The sickening reaction from German racists, because of her African-American heritage, intensified the media obsession with him in his homeland. When they were divorced in 2001, the pre-trial hearing was televised. Barbara got a reported $14m and custody of their sons Elias and Noah, who are now nine and 15 and live in Miami.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.212926864624023, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker: from winner to wild child - and back | Sport ..." }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Lilly arrives, looking effortlessly gorgeous in ripped white jeans, a silver wraparound top and bug-eye dark glasses. As if to prove his point, her phone goes off and it is Noah. She listens. \"Noah's going to need a new car.\" He's on the way to passing his driving theory test, at 15. Becker shakes his head and smiles, realising why Noah would rather talk to her about this. \"We'll find him a Mini.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.703607559204102, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker: from winner to wild child - and back | Sport ..." }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "He told how at one point his screaming son Noah, then aged six, tried to separate the warring couple.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.921957969665527, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker reveals his wife beat him over affair ..." }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "Becker married Barbara Feltus in 1993 and he fathered two children with her, Noah and Elias.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.2453837394714355, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker reveals his wife beat him over affair ..." }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "She shouted at me, suddenly jumped up and began to hit me like mad. Noah came, pushed himself between us and didn’t like it that mummy was attacking daddy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46666431427002, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker reveals his wife beat him over affair ..." }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "He says of a later crisis meeting: “She shouted at me, suddenly jumped up and began to hit me like mad. Noah came, pushed himself between us and didn’t like it that mummy was attacking daddy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.430065155029297, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker reveals his wife beat him over affair ..." }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "“I eventually got her hands behind her back and she went wild. Noah was arbitrating between us. It was horrible!”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42145824432373, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker reveals his wife beat him over affair ..." }, { "answer": "Noah", "passage": "I go to the gym and do weights every week, as well as swimming and cycling. Having four children — Noah, 17, Elias, 12, Anna, 11, and Amadeus, 16 months — also keeps me young.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3191499710083, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Becker on how his four children keep him fit | Daily ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "November 24", "passage": "Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was an American sniper who assassinated President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. According to five U.S. government investigations,These were investigations by: the Federal Bureau of Investigation (1963), the Warren Commission (1964), the House Select Committee on Assassinations (1979), the Secret Service, and the Dallas Police Department. Oswald shot and killed Kennedy as Kennedy traveled by motorcade through Dealey Plaza in the city of Dallas, Texas.", "precise_score": 10.122815132141113, "rough_score": 8.859410285949707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lee Harvey Oswald" }, { "answer": "November 24", "passage": "On Sunday, November 24, Oswald was being led through the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters toward an armored car that was to take him to the nearby county jail. At 11:21 a.m. CST, Dallas nightclub operator Jack Ruby stepped from the crowd and shot Oswald in the abdomen. Oswald was taken unconscious by ambulance to Parkland Memorial Hospital—the same hospital where doctors tried to save President Kennedy's life two days earlier. Oswald died at 1:07 p.m. Oswald's death was announced on a TV news broadcast by Dallas police chief Jesse Curry.", "precise_score": 6.86671257019043, "rough_score": 5.026938438415527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lee Harvey Oswald" }, { "answer": "November 24", "passage": "Kennedy was taken to Parkland Hospital for emergency medical treatment, but pronounced dead at 1:00 pm. Only 46, President Kennedy died younger than any other U.S. president to date. Lee Harvey Oswald, an order filler at the Texas School Book Depository from which the shots were suspected to have been fired, was arrested for the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit, and was subsequently charged with the assassination of Kennedy. He denied shooting anyone, claiming he was a patsy, but was killed by Jack Ruby on November 24, before he could be prosecuted. Ruby was then arrested and convicted for the murder of Oswald. Ruby successfully appealed his conviction and death sentence but became ill and died of cancer on January 3, 1967, while the date for his new trial was being set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.544410705566406, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "November 24", "passage": "During his last interrogation on November 24, according to postal inspector Harry Holmes, Oswald was again asked where he was at the time of the shooting. Holmes (who attended the interrogation at the invitation of Captain Will Fritz) said that Oswald replied that he was working on an upper floor when the shooting occurred, then went downstairs where he encountered Dallas motorcycle policeman (Marrion L. Baker). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.36453571915626526, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lee Harvey Oswald" }, { "answer": "Nov 24", "passage": "Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - Nov 24, 1963 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5606000423431396, "source": "search", "title": "Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - History.com" }, { "answer": "November 24", "passage": "On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy’s murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.7767744064331055, "source": "search", "title": "Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald - History.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "William C. Durant", "passage": "General Motors was founded by William C. Durant on September 16, 1908 as a holding company after a 15-year contract with the McLaughlin's of Canada. Initially, GM held only the Buick Motor Company, but it rapidly acquired more than twenty companies including Oldsmobile, Cadillac, and Oakland, now known as Pontiac. Durant signed a 15-year contract in Canada with the exchange of 500,000 shares of Buick stock for 500,000 shares of McLaughlin Stock. Dr. Campbell, Durant's son-in-law, put 1,000,000 shares on the stock market in Chicago Buick (then controlled by Durant).", "precise_score": 10.476073265075684, "rough_score": 8.576930046081543, "source": "wiki", "title": "History of General Motors" }, { "answer": "Billy Durant", "passage": "Henry M. Leland then established the Cadillac School of Applied Mechanics, the first school to train machinists, technicians and toolmakers. And on August 28th, 1907, in Pontiac, Michigan, the Oakland Motor Car Company, predecessor to Pontiac Motors, was founded by Edward M. Murphy. Under Billy Durant's leadership, General Motors Company was founded on September 16, 1908. That year the Buick Motor Company, then Oldsmobile, were bought out by the growing GM.", "precise_score": 9.676213264465332, "rough_score": 7.838256359100342, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors Corporation - United States History" }, { "answer": "William C. Durant", "passage": "General Motors (GM) was founded on September 16, 1908, in Flint, Michigan, as a holding company for Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant, and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. The next year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, Oakland (later known as Pontiac) and several others. In 1909, General Motors acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. Durant lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers' trust, because of the large amount of debt taken on in its acquisitions coupled with a collapse in new vehicle sales. A few years later, Durant would start the Chevrolet Motor car company and through this he secretly purchased a controlling interest in GM. Durant took back control of the company after one of the most dramatic proxy wars in American business history. Shortly after, he again lost control for good after the new vehicle market collapsed. Alfred Sloan was picked to take charge of the corporation and led it to its post war global dominance. This unprecedented growth of GM would last through the late 70's and into the early 80's.", "precise_score": 9.483484268188477, "rough_score": 8.225255012512207, "source": "search", "title": "The History of GMC - cars-directory.net" }, { "answer": "William C. Durant", "passage": "The company was formed on September 16, 1908, in Flint, Michigan, as a holding company for McLaughlin Car Company of Canada Limited and Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were fewer than 8,000 automobiles in America, and Durant had become a leading manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles in Flint before making his foray into the automotive industry. GM's co-founder was Charles Stewart Mott, whose carriage company was merged into Buick prior to GM's creation. Over the years, Mott became the largest single stockholder in GM, and spent his life with his Mott Foundation, which has benefited the city of Flint, his adopted home. GM acquired Oldsmobile later that year. In 1909, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, Oakland, and several others. Also in 1909, GM acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. Durant, along with R. S. McLaughlin, lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers' trust, because of the large amount of debt taken on in its acquisitions, coupled with a collapse in new vehicle sales. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2893309593200684, "source": "wiki", "title": "General Motors" }, { "answer": "William C. Durant", "passage": "*William C. Durant—June 1, 1916 - November 30, 1920", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.586458206176758, "source": "wiki", "title": "History of General Motors" }, { "answer": "Billy Durant", "passage": "Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors [Mackinac Center]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6865583658218384, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors [Mackinac ..." }, { "answer": "Billy Durant", "passage": "On September 16, 1908, one of America’s best known companies was born. That was the day that Billy Durant founded General Motors. When the local gossips heard what he had done, some were shocked because Durant actually made his first fortune betting against cars: he was the largest maker of carriages in the U. S. The recent UAW strike against GM has been hard on all parties, but both labor and management have good reason to come together and celebrate the man who started it all, ninety years ago this month.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.6799187660217285, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors [Mackinac ..." }, { "answer": "Billy Durant", "passage": "Most carriage makers avoided the auto, but not Billy Durant. He was one of the most remarkable entrepreneurs Michigan has ever produced. Friends said Durant could sell sand to the Arabs and then sell them sieves to sift it. Walter Chrysler once said of Durant, \"He could coax a bird right down out of a tree.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192764282226562, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors [Mackinac ..." }, { "answer": "Billy Durant", "passage": "When the Great Depression hit, Durant’s roller-coaster ride crashed and he declared bankruptcy in 1936. He died in relative obscurity in 1947, but General Motors, his creation, has lived on as the largest car company in the world. It is no exaggeration to say that millions of Americans today are dependent for their livelihoods—directly or indirectly—upon the leadership of the U. S. auto industry which Billy Durant helped establish almost a century ago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7040486335754395, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors [Mackinac ..." }, { "answer": "William Crapo Durant", "passage": "On September 16, 1908, Buick Motor Company head William Crapo Durant spends $2,000 to incorporate General Motors in New Jersey. Durant, a high-school dropout, had made his fortune building horse-drawn carriages, and in fact he hated cars–he thought they were noisy, smelly, and dangerous. Nevertheless, the giant company he built would dominate the American auto industry for decades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.9958841800689697, "source": "search", "title": "William Durant creates General Motors - Sep 16, 1908 ..." }, { "answer": "William C. Durant", "passage": "From the 1820's, the city of Flint was the center of the carriage makers. In 1888, William C. Durant and his partner founded the Durant-Dort Carriage Company, which manufactured horse drawn carriages with a leaf spring suspension. Fifteen years later the company was market leader throughout the U.S., and Durant was a millionaire.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.436318874359131, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors : from 1908 to 1945 - VIEW AMERICA" }, { "answer": "Billy Durant", "passage": "In 1904, Billy Durant bought the ailing Buick company, and succeeded again in restructuring this company in 15 years time to the largest car manufacturer in the USA, after Henry Ford. Between 1905 and 1920, Buick built more than one million cars !", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5627018213272095, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors : from 1908 to 1945 - VIEW AMERICA" }, { "answer": "William C. Durant", "passage": "In the U.S., 1905 was the year in which the automobile could claim to have emerged from the \"horseless carriage\" stage and become an industry. The Ford Motor Company was two years old. The Buick Motor Company, also two years old, had just been taken over by a carriage builder named William C. Durant and in this year would produce 750 cars. Cadillac, three years old, was offering a one-cylinder car with the motor under the front seat. Among other cars for sale were the Locomobile, Mobile, Winton, deDion, Columbia and Gasmobile. But the real titan was R.E. Olds, whose curved-dash one-cylinder Oldsmobile outnumbered all other cars on America's dirt roads and rutted gravel highways. Up to 1905, Olds - who was later to give his name to another car, the Reo - had produced nearly 12,000 cars. In that year he was to make a record 6,500 runabouts, and Gus Edwards was to write that priceless piece of publicity - the song, \"In My Merry Oldsmobile\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.058849334716797, "source": "search", "title": "Our Company - History - General Motors Canada" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the truth about their marriage | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -0.8101788759231567, "rough_score": -1.1603776216506958, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Luciano Pavarotti", "passage": "Nicoletta Mantovani was studying natural sciences at university in her home city of Bologna when she first met operatic titan Luciano Pavarotti. She was 23. He was 58.", "precise_score": -0.09588909149169922, "rough_score": -0.8775356411933899, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "He was more than twice her age and besotted with her. But by the time he died it was said he hated her. Now Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the truth...", "precise_score": -1.877114176750183, "rough_score": -1.3332774639129639, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Luciano Pavarotti", "passage": "Italian opera singer Luciano Pavarotti looks at his bride Nicoletta Mantovani and their one-year-old daughter Alice after their wedding at Modena's Teatro Comunale, northern Italy IN 2003", "precise_score": -1.6604503393173218, "rough_score": -4.068395137786865, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Pavarotti's widow Nicoletta Mantovani learns a harsh lesson about New York real estate | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -3.016385316848755, "rough_score": -1.8226417303085327, "source": "search", "title": "Pavarotti's widow Nicoletta Mantovani ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "Luciano Pavarotti", "passage": "The world's greatest tenor Luciano Pavarotti has been stunned by his wife's latest demand - a $120 million divorce settlement. Adua, his wife of more than 30 years, wants half her husband's net worth. But the tenor thinks his original offer of $40 million is more than enough. The couple are now locked in a fierce battle, much to the dismay of Pavarotti's young lover Nicoletta Mantovani. She wants him to just pay up and get it over with because she badly wants to start a family with the big man, but won't have children out of wedlock. Adua, on the other hand, has all the time in the world. She's only 60-something and could reasonably expect to outlive her husband and eventually collect all his fortune. Luciano was supposed to be in Hong Kong for a concert but cancelled, pleading that his best friend and the man who put him on the world stage, Tibor Rudas, has an ear infection and couldn't travel with him. I think that was just a cover-up,\" says one friend of the maestro. \"I'm hearing that the talks with Adua and their lawyers are at the crucial point. If they can just agree on a figure somewhere between his offer and her demand, he'll be a single guy within a matter of weeks.\"", "precise_score": 0.25179752707481384, "rough_score": -1.8755089044570923, "source": "search", "title": "Movie & TV News @ IMDb.com - WENN - 19 June 2001" }, { "answer": "Nicoletta Mantovani", "passage": "His public profile was battered in the late Nineties when he was photo­graphed kissing his secretary Nicoletta Mantovani, 35 years his junior, on a Caribbean beach. She had been 23 when they met and the exposure of the relationship led to a bitter divorce with Adua Veroni, the mother of his three daughters Lorenza, Cristina and Giuliana.", "precise_score": 0.07311297208070755, "rough_score": 0.608502984046936, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Nicoletta Mantovani", "passage": "Nicoletta Mantovani With Fabio Fazio: \"My Yoko Ono Letter\"", "precise_score": 1.543298602104187, "rough_score": -0.7064708471298218, "source": "search", "title": "Opera Chic" }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "After one hour into Rai Tre's Che Tempo Che Fa, Nicoletta Mantovani-Pavarotti spoke . First of all, let's keep it in mind that host Fabio Fazio is a close family friend of Pavarotti, which was mentioned at the start of the interview.", "precise_score": -2.3795528411865234, "rough_score": -3.8195765018463135, "source": "search", "title": "Opera Chic" }, { "answer": "Nicoletta Mantovani", "passage": "Nicoletta Mantovani conservatively appeared on Che Tempo Che Fa in black slacks, a black v-neck sweater, black stilettos, with her hair perfectly quaffed in a soft, soft orangey-blond mane.", "precise_score": -1.128454566001892, "rough_score": 2.3568334579467773, "source": "search", "title": "Opera Chic" }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "A keen horseman, Pavarotti happened to be in the offices that day in 1993 and fell into conversation with Nicoletta. Over the ensuing weeks, he’d turn up on numerous occasions. ‘And I didn’t understand why at the time,’ she says now.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.758022785186768, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "There was, however, the small matter of Pavarotti already having a wife, Adua, and three daughters, Lorenza, Cristina and Giuliana, all of them older than Nicoletta. She smiles. ‘He had not lived as a family man for some time,’ she says. ‘You can’t fall in love if you’re already in love, can you?’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.8233561515808105, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "A keen horseman, Pavarotti happened to be in the offices that day in 1993 and fell into conversation with Nicoletta. Over the ensuing weeks, he'D turn up on numerous occasions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.501532554626465, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "The couple married in December 2003, but in September 2007 Pavarotti succumbed to pancreatic cancer. He was 71. Just days later, a highly coloured interview appeared in the Italian newspaper La Stampa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.638229370117188, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Written by its respected opera critic Alberto Mattioli, it quoted conductor Leone Magiera and his wife, Lidia, who claimed that Nicoletta had made her husband’s life a misery, that Pavarotti had wanted the world to know this after his death and that, if he survived his illness, he was purported to have said, ‘I will shoot myself or we will separate.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.612113952636719, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Yet there was the thorny question of dividing up Pavarotti’s fortune on his death. Valued at £250 million, it included properties in New York, Monte Carlo and his home city of Modena. Under Italian law, 25 per cent of his estate went to Nicoletta with a further 50 per cent divided equally among his four daughters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.916360855102539, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "In 1963 Pavarotti made his first appearance on British TV, introduced to an audience of over 15 million by Bruce Forsyth on Sunday Night At The London Palladium. One month later, in September, he made his debut at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, to huge acclaim.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.307554244995117, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "He also signed a contract with Decca who, half a century later, have issued a new CD, Pavarotti: The 50 Greatest Tracks, which has already sailed to the top of the classical charts. The way Nicoletta sees it, this latest success is merely proof that ‘the love is still circling’.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.751135349273682, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Classic Brit Awards, tomorrow, 10.20pm, ITV. Pavarotti: The 50 Greatest Tracks is available now on Decca.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.46153450012207, "source": "search", "title": "Nicoletta Mantovani, Pavarotti's second wife, reveals the ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Mr Pavarotti used the two apartments for his staff and guests, while he lived in a two bedroom on the same floor. She will reside in the two bedroom, according to the Journal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.730558395385742, "source": "search", "title": "Pavarotti's widow Nicoletta Mantovani ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "Luciano Pavarotti", "passage": "Ms Mantovani is trying to launch an American branch of the Luciano Pavarotti Foundation in memory of the singer. The foundation will provide scholarships for opera students and establish a garden in honor of the singer in Central Park. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.499468803405762, "source": "search", "title": "Pavarotti's widow Nicoletta Mantovani ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Pavarotti's Bitter Divorce", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.659985542297363, "source": "search", "title": "Movie & TV News @ IMDb.com - WENN - 19 June 2001" }, { "answer": "Luciano Pavarotti", "passage": "LUCIANO Pavarotti was a giant performer in every sense.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.76263427734375, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "GOOD TIMES: Pavarotti and family", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.833216667175293, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "It was clear that Pavarotti had cracked open the shell of classical elitism when Essex cab drivers played his records while crawling towards Heathrow after a nation had become enthralled by his extraordinary voice that heralded the anthem for the 1990 World Cup held in Italy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.34619140625, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "The secret behind Pavarotti’s appeal was that he didn’t just sound like an opera singer – he looked like one. He was a big man with a big talent, a big appetite and a big heart. Among the many friendships he made throughout his life, his close bond with Diana, Princess of Wales proved instrumental in bringing two potent popular forces together for charity work in the cause of children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.104279518127441, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "When he performed Pavarotti In The Park in 1991, the first classical music concert ever in Hyde Park, he sang to 150,000 people who stayed despite torrential rain. In the front row were Princess Diana and the Prince of Wales. “It was one of the happiest days of my life,” he said later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.796311378479004, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "When Diana died Pavarotti was invited to sing at her funeral. He declined, saying he could not sing well “with grief in my throat”. If Diana was the People’s Prin­cess, he was the People’s Tenor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.784159660339355, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Welsh opera singer Bryn Terfel called Pavarotti “a truly inspirational and awe-inspiring artist with a voice of pure gold. His Premiership voice put us all into the Second Division”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.053858757019043, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "and television, Pavarotti was adamant that his “God-given” talent should be available to as many people as possible.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.774081230163574, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Like all great artists, Pavarotti was a complex, imperfect human being. He had a huge appetite", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.41565990447998, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Former agent and publi­city manager Herbert Breslin, who wrote a warts and all account of his time with Pavarotti, claimed it was the “story of a very beautiful, simple, lovely guy who turned into a very determined, aggressive and", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.579583168029785, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Luciano Pavarotti", "passage": "Luciano Pavarotti was born in Modena, Northern Italy, on October 12 1935, the only child", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.713008880615234, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "In 1954, aged 19, Pavarotti travelled with his local chorus to the Inter­national", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.250828742980957, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "At 12, Pavarotti had come close to death when he was in a coma for 15 days with septicaemia. The first penicillin that came to Italy in 1947 saved his life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.811088562011719, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "But it was in 1972 that the Pavarotti phenomenon erupted like a “volcano”. During a production of La Fille du Regiment at New York’s Metropolitan Opera, he sang nine high Cs effortlessly, inciting an ecstatic ovation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.77320671081543, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "In June 2001 the Three Tenors performed in Beijing’s Forbidden City as part of the Chinese capital’s bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games. Pavarotti performed an impromptu duet of O Sole Mio with Chinese president Jiang Zemin after the concert.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123932838439941, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Pavarotti married Adua in 1961 after an eight-year engagement and she became his manager as his fortune grew.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.530439376831055, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Having become a grandfather in 2002, Pavarotti became a father for the fourth time when Nicoletta gave birth prematurely to Alice in January 2003. Her male twin was born dead following complications.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.319854736328125, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "It is generally agreed that Pavarotti suffered from the Sinatra Effect in his later years; that his great voice was beginning to let him down.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.578447341918945, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "He was booed off the stage of La Scala, Milan, in 1993 and in 2001 Donald Trump was so disgusted by Pavarotti’s concert before 5,000 people at his Atlantic City casino that he demanded half the £1million fee back.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.986832618713379, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "It became increasingly clear that Pavarotti’s weight, which hovered around 25 stone, affected his breath control and ability to hit high notes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.309789657592773, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "His British friends and colleagues included impresario Harvey Gold­smith, who shared Pavarotti’s", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.578636169433594, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Apart from masterminding Pavarotti In The Park, Goldsmith was the architect of Pavarotti’s Farewell Tour in which he had hoped to return to every city he had ever played in one last grand", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.973227500915527, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Luciano Pavarotti", "passage": "How Luciano Pavarotti would have loved that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.001083374023438, "source": "search", "title": "The Goliath of opera has fallen | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "We've shared our love for the great forgotten maestri (Toscanin's 50th year of passing), and we have shared our sadness for the passing of the great ones like Menotti, Pavarotti, Rostropovich, and Sills.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.556486129760742, "source": "search", "title": "Opera Chic" }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Totaling a little less than thirty minutes, Fazio & Mantovani spoke about not terribly interesting things, and certainly not about the controversial Pavarotti estate. They spoke about remembrance of Big Luciano, and the things we already knew about his hobbies, leisure, and personality. They spoke about her 4-year-old daughter Alice, about her Multiple Sclerosis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.59429931640625, "source": "search", "title": "Opera Chic" }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Of interest, Mantovani said that Yoko Ono had sent her a letter of condolence when Pavarotti passed away, which is pretty cool.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.04316520690918, "source": "search", "title": "Opera Chic" }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Also of note, she stated that she has no disagreement with Pavarotti’s three oldest daughters Lorenza, Cristina, and Giuliana.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.285054206848145, "source": "search", "title": "Opera Chic" }, { "answer": "Pavarotti", "passage": "Lastly, she hopes that this is the end of the Pavarotti estate debates as far as her involvement is concerned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.874170303344727, "source": "search", "title": "Opera Chic" } ]

[ { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Knighted in 1983, Sinclair formed Sinclair Vehicles and released the Sinclair C5, a battery electric vehicle that was a commercial failure. Since then Sinclair has concentrated on personal transport, including the A-bike, a folding bicycle for commuters that weighs and folds down small enough to be carried on public transport.", "precise_score": 6.458127498626709, "rough_score": 6.65435266494751, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clive Sinclair" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 is a small one-person battery electric vehicle, technically an \"electrically assisted pedal cycle\". (Although widely described as an \"electric car\", Sinclair characterised it as a \"vehicle, not a car\".) It was the culmination of Sir Clive Sinclair's long-running interest in electric vehicles. Sinclair had become one of the UK's best-known millionaires and earned a knighthood on the back of the highly successful Sinclair Research range of home computers in the early 1980s. He now hoped to repeat his success in the electric vehicle market, which he saw as ripe for a new approach. The C5 emerged from an earlier project to produce a Renault Twizy-style electric car called the C1. After a change in the law prompted by lobbying from bicycle manufacturers, Sinclair developed the C5 as an electrically powered tricycle with a polypropylene body and a chassis designed by Lotus Cars. It was intended to be the first in a series of increasingly ambitious electric vehicles, but in the event the planned development of the followup C10 and C15 electric cars never got further than the drawing board.", "precise_score": 4.418759822845459, "rough_score": 3.385075092315674, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "Sir Clive Sinclair's interest in the possibilities of electric vehicles originated in the late 1950s during a holiday job for the electronics company Solatron. Fifteen years later, in the early 1970s, he was the head of his own successful electronics company, Sinclair Radionics, based in St Ives in Cambridgeshire. He tasked one of his employees, Chris Curry – later a co-founder of Acorn Computers – to carry out some preliminary research into electric vehicle design.", "precise_score": 2.397526264190674, "rough_score": 2.80133056640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "It was not until late 1979 that Sinclair returned to electric vehicle development. Around Christmas that year, he approached Tony Wood Rogers, an ex-Radionics employee, to carry out consultancy work on \"a preliminary investigation into a personal electric vehicle.\" The brief was to assess the options for producing a one-person vehicle which would be a replacement for a moped and would have a maximum speed of 30 mph. Although Wood Rogers was initially reluctant, he was intrigued by the idea of an electric vehicle and agreed to help Sinclair. The vehicle was dubbed the C1 (the C standing for Clive). He built a number of prototypes to demonstrate various design principles and clarify the final specifications. ", "precise_score": 4.508331775665283, "rough_score": 5.797179222106934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "To meet the steadily escalating development costs of the vehicle, Sinclair decided to raise capital by selling some of his own shares in Sinclair Research to fund a separate company that would focus on electric vehicles. A £12 million deal was reached in March 1983, of which £8.3 million was used to fund the establishment of the new Sinclair Vehicles company. Sinclair recruited Barrie Wills, a veteran former employee of the DeLorean Motor Company, to lead Sinclair Vehicles as its managing director. Although Wills initially expressed scepticism about the viability of an electric vehicle – his twenty-five years in the motor industry had convinced him that an electric car was never going to happen – Sinclair managed to convince him that the project would work. In 1984, Sinclair Vehicles' new head office was established in Warwick in the West Midlands, an area with a long-established link with the motor industry. ", "precise_score": -2.9121382236480713, "rough_score": -2.0815834999084473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "The project's prospects were boosted by changes in the British government's approach to electric vehicles. In March 1980, it had abolished Vehicle Excise Duty for electric vehicles and by the start of 1983, the Department of Transport was working on legislation that would introduce a new category of vehicle – the \"electrically assisted pedal cycle\". This had a number of significant advantages from Sinclair's point of view. Such a vehicle would be exempt from insurance and vehicle tax, and the user would not need a driving licence or a helmet, all of which were required for mopeds. The legislation, which was passed in August 1983, was prompted by a lobbying campaign by manufacturers such as Raleigh who wanted to sell electric bicycles.", "precise_score": -0.6994497179985046, "rough_score": -1.8996913433074951, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "Despite these limitations, the vehicle was seen as only the first step in a series of increasingly ambitious electrical cars. Sinclair intended it to prove the viability of electric personal transport; the hope was that, just as Sinclair had found with home computers like the hugely successful ZX81 and ZX Spectrum, an affordable electric vehicle could unleash pent-up demand for a market that did not previously exist. However, Sinclair performed no market research to ascertain whether there was actually a market for his electric vehicle; as the director of the Primary Contact advertising agency commented in January 1985, the project continued all the way to the prototype stage \"purely on the convictions of Sir Clive.\"", "precise_score": 4.977947235107422, "rough_score": 7.033310413360596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "With Sinclair's new specifications in hand, Ogle worked on a three-wheeled design dubbed the C5, which bore similarities with the earlier three-wheeled Bond Bug – another Ogle design. The vehicle's handlebar steering was the brainchild of Wood Rogers, who decided at the outset that a steering wheel would not be practicable as it would make it impossible for a driver to get in and out easily – a serious safety disadvantage. He comments that \"putting the bars at the driver's sides made it easy to steer and felt very natural.\" A prototype was presented to 63 families in the A, B, C1 and C2 demographic groups in suburban and town environments to determine that the controls were correctly positioned; this was the only external research carried out on the C5. In the autumn of 1983, Wills brought in Lotus Cars to finish the vehicle's detailing, build prototypes and test rigs, carry out testing and take forward the programme to production. The development of the C5 took place over 19 months in conditions of great secrecy, with testing carried out at the Motor Industry Research Association's proving ground in Leicestershire.", "precise_score": -3.2688956260681152, "rough_score": -3.502920627593994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair issued a glossy sales brochure which characterised the vehicle as a part of an ongoing exercise in \"cutting giants down to size, turning impersonal tyrants into personal servants.\" The brochure highlighted Sinclair's achievements in producing affordable pocket calculators, home computers, and pocket televisions and declared, \"with the C5, Sinclair Vehicles puts personal, private transport back where it belongs – in the hands of the individual.\" The photographs accompanying the text showed housewives and teenagers driving the C5 to shops, railway stations, and sports fields – in the words of technology writers Ian Adamson and Richard Kennedy, \"a blue-sky suburbia exclusively populated by electric trikes and their drivers.\" ", "precise_score": 4.062987804412842, "rough_score": 5.542614459991455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair's claims to have revolutionised the electric vehicle were dismissed by many reviewers; Your Computer called the C5 \"more of a toy than the 'ideal solution for all types of local journey' which the brochure claims.\" The Guardian's motoring correspondent also characterised it as \"a delightful toy\" The Daily Telegraph described it as \"a cleverly-designed 'fun' machine that can hardly be regarded as serious, everyday all-weather transport\", while The Engineer viewed it as \"a smashing big boy's toy, tough enough to take teenage thrashing and possibly a serious vehicle for fit adults to nip out in for the Sunday papers.\" ", "precise_score": 3.55981707572937, "rough_score": -1.0991346836090088, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Production did not recommence and the Hoover production line remained closed permanently. On 19 September, Sinclair Vehicles changed its name to TPD Limited, with a direct subsidiary named Sinclair Vehicles Sales Limited continuing to sell C5s. TPD only lasted until 15 October, when it was placed into receivership. The receivers announced that 4,500 C5s had been sold by Sinclair Vehicles, with another 4,500 remaining in the company's hands. £7.75 million was reportedly owed to creditors, of which £7 million was owed to Sir Clive Sinclair himself in reflection of his personal investment in the project. Hoover was not among the creditors, as Sinclair had managed to settle the dispute on terms that neither company would reveal. ", "precise_score": 0.7823022603988647, "rough_score": 2.05491304397583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Many reasons have been suggested for the failure of Sinclair Vehicles and what Dale calls \"the jigsaw of the C5's disappointment\". One of the receivers of Sinclair Vehicles, John Sapte, suggested that Sinclair had taken the wrong tack with its marketing of the C5: \"It was presented as a serious transport, when perhaps it should have been presented as a luxury product, an up-market plaything.\" Ellar's director Maurice Levensohn took exactly this tack when he purchased Sinclair Vehicles' remaining stock, saying that his company would market them as \"a sophisticated toy\": \"If you were a little boy, wouldn't you want your parents to get you one this Christmas?\" His strategy was notably successful; Ellar sold nearly 7,000 C5s at up to £700 each, far more (and at a higher price) than Sinclair had ever managed. ", "precise_score": 2.044984817504883, "rough_score": -2.3226847648620605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The design researcher and academic Nigel Cross calls the C5 a \"notorious ... example of failure\" and describes its basic concept as \"wrong\". He points out that the marketing research for the C5 was carried out after the vehicle's concept had already been decided; he notes that it appears to have been intended \"mainly to aid promotion\" rather than to guide development. Gus Desbarats, the C5's industrial designer, attributes the vehicle's flawed concept to Sinclair operating in a \"bubble\" and believes that Sinclair \"failed to understand the difference between a new market, computing, and a mature one, transport, where there were more benchmarks to compare against.\" He comments that the experience of working on the C5 convinced him of the need for industrial designers such as himself to get \"involved early in the innovation process, shaping basic configurations, never again [being] satisfied to simply decorate a fundamentally bad idea\".", "precise_score": -1.7975096702575684, "rough_score": -3.599565029144287, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "Sinclair's other electric vehicles", "precise_score": 1.5852476358413696, "rough_score": -3.8200671672821045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 was hailed by its creator as the future of personal transport but at £399, the lightweight trike didn't have many takers.", "precise_score": 3.9178664684295654, "rough_score": 5.649281978607178, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5, a battery-operated electric tricycle invented by computing tycoon Sir Clive Sinclair, was launched on this day in 1985.", "precise_score": 2.604173183441162, "rough_score": -0.15136094391345978, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Advertised as “a new power in personal transport”, the C5 was expected to revolutionise the electric vehicle market by the man who had created the ZX Spectrum, the best-selling British computer of all time.", "precise_score": -1.3458174467086792, "rough_score": -0.6565372347831726, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Clive Sinclair is a British inventor whose interests range over amplifiers, radios, calculators, pocket TV�s and electric vehicles. His first electric vehicle was the Sinclair C5 , and is the product for which he is, somewhat unjustly, most famous. At the time, this vehicle was claimed to be �a revolution in personal transport�.", "precise_score": 7.236827373504639, "rough_score": 8.150325775146484, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 Electric Vehicle - Plymouth University" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sir Clive Sinclair, inventor of the fabled C5 electric tricycle, road tests the revolutionary Segway scooter... and announces secret plans for another pioneering new personal transporter.", "precise_score": 6.1909050941467285, "rough_score": 6.722954273223877, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 was first launched in the UK on the 10th January 1985. Created by the innovator and inventor Sir Clive Sinclair, most famous for his ZX80 and ZX81 personal computers from 1980, the C5 was a revolutionary electric vehicle weighing in at just 99lbs. The vehicle used a 33lb lead acid battery that powered a 250 watt Hoover electric motor similar to those found in washing machines.  As the C5 was created to fall in line with the 1983 Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle Regulations, this ruled that the vechicle's engine could not exceed 250 watts in power. This therefore gave the C5 a top speed of 15 mph with a claimed 20 miles battery life in between charges.  The vehicle also had pedals for extra assistance up hills.", "precise_score": 3.5992698669433594, "rough_score": 5.2330732345581055, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair's directors were critical of spending corporate money on this type of research, so Sir Clive sold a small fraction of his company shares which netted 12 million pounds for the cause. The chassis design was by Lotus, the motor by Polymotor, and the polypropylene body the largest one-piece injection moulding ever made at the time. After negotiations for the former DeLorean plant failed, the C5 was built in a Hoover factory in Wales.", "precise_score": -0.6849036812782288, "rough_score": -1.2373017072677612, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "As a result of these problems the Sinclair quickly gained a bad reputation and interest in sales plummeted. The vehicle had originally been planned as a mail order vehicle and was sold on the high street through Electrical retailers.  Due to the lack of sales prices fell to just �199 from the previous �399 in a bid to sell surplus stock. On the 15 October 1985, Sir Clive Sinclair announced that Sinclair Vehicles had officially been placed in the hands of the receiver four days earlier and production of the C5 ceased.  Later Sinclair unveiled plans that they may be modified to make a C10 ( a two seater version) and a C15 (a four seater version.). It was also rumoured during the 1990's that Sinclair was one of the People interested in the Reliant Motor Company when that went into receivership. Possibly with a plan to convert the Reliant Robin into an electric vehicle?", "precise_score": 1.3108596801757812, "rough_score": -1.6712697744369507, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 was promoted by Sinclair as a revolutionary advance in personal transport with the potential to replace the car. The original intention was that it would be only the first in a whole series of electric vehicles - it would have been followed the never-released C10 and C15, each successively bigger and looking more like conventional vehicles. At only �399, the C5 was a fraction of the price of a conventional car. In fact, it was not a car at all but was instead a glorified electric tricycle, powered by an electric battery with a supplementary pedal drive. It did not inspire confidence that the C5 was assembled and serviced by Hoover, better known for its washing machines, which led to unkind comparisons being made between the two product lines.", "precise_score": 3.750023365020752, "rough_score": 4.7351202964782715, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Dave goes back to the future and takes a 1985 vintage Sinclair C5 electric \"car\" for a spin, one of only a handful in the country. This was Sir Clive Sinclair's vision for personal transport.", "precise_score": 6.005447864532471, "rough_score": 6.878456115722656, "source": "search", "title": "EEVblog #501 - Sinclair C5 Electric Car Teardown & Test ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Knighted in 1983, Sinclair formed Sinclair Vehicles and released the Sinclair C5, a battery electric vehicle that was a commercial failure. Since then Sinclair has concentrated on personal transport, including the A-bike, a folding bicycle for commuters that weighs 5.5 kilograms (12 lb) and folds down small enough to be carried on public transport.", "precise_score": 6.48088264465332, "rough_score": 6.17712926864624, "source": "search", "title": "Clive Sinclair - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 was his first and most famous vehicle. Launched by Sinclair Vehicles Ltd in the United Kingdom on 10 January 1985, it was a battery-assisted tricycle with a top speed of 15 miles per hour (the fastest allowed in the UK without a driving licence). It was widely criticised for being impractical, if not dangerous, on the UK’s roads and in the British climate (a point reinforced by the January launch). By August of the same year production had ceased, with only 17,000 sold. 1", "precise_score": 1.5451563596725464, "rough_score": -2.460277557373047, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "In 1985, British entrepreneur Sir Clive Sinclair unveiled the electrically powered pedal car the C5. It was a disastrous failure. But was it also ahead of its time?", "precise_score": 2.6441829204559326, "rough_score": -3.1145687103271484, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Along with the DeLorean (which gained fame in the Back to the Future movies), Sir Clive Sinclair’s C5 not only ranks as one of the most spectacular transport failures of 1980s, but it also has the dubious distinction of being named the worst gadget of all time – ahead of Betamax videos and pizza scissors.", "precise_score": 3.908937692642212, "rough_score": 1.6129555702209473, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "But now in the age of the electric car and battery-powered bicycle, it seems Sir Clive Sinclair's ill-fated electric vehicles could have been years ahead of their time.", "precise_score": 1.6585839986801147, "rough_score": -1.8144917488098145, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 inventor Sir Clive returns ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "This is how it works: Sir Clive Sinclair demonstrates his C5 electric vehicle. Launched in 1985, the C5 had a top speed of just 15 miles per hour", "precise_score": 3.218961000442505, "rough_score": -0.21729977428913116, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 inventor Sir Clive returns ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The original Sinclair C5 was hailed as the future of transport.. but never took off", "precise_score": 1.777212142944336, "rough_score": -0.13148188591003418, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 inventor Sir Clive returns ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "In 1982 Sinclair converted the Barker & Wadsworth mineral water bottling factory into the company's headquarters. (This was sold to Cambridgeshire County Council in December 1985 owing to Sinclair's financial troubles.) The following year, he received a knighthood and formed Sinclair Vehicles Ltd. to develop electric vehicles, which resulted in the Sinclair C5 in 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.354378700256348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clive Sinclair" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "On 10 January 1985, the C5 was unveiled at a glitzy launch event but it received a less than enthusiastic reception from the British media. Its sales prospects were blighted by poor reviews and safety concerns expressed by consumer and motoring organisations. The vehicle's limitations – a short range, a maximum speed of only 15 mph, a battery that ran down quickly and a lack of weatherproofing – made it impractical for most people's needs. It was marketed as an alternative to cars and bicycles, but ended up appealing to neither group of owners, and it was not available in shops until several months after its launch. Within three months of the launch, production had been slashed by 90%. Sales never picked up despite Sinclair's optimistic forecasts and production ceased entirely by August 1985. Out of 14,000 C5s made, only 5,000 were sold before its manufacturer, Sinclair Vehicles, went into receivership.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.695823669433594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 became known as \"one of the great marketing bombs of postwar British industry\" and a \"notorious ... example of failure\". Despite its commercial failure, the C5 went on to become a cult item for collectors. Thousands of unsold C5s were purchased by investors and sold for hugely inflated prices – as much as £5,000, compared to the original retail value of £399. Enthusiasts have established owners' clubs and some have modified their vehicles substantially, adding monster wheels, jet engines, and high-powered electric motors to propel their C5s at speeds of up to 150 mph.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.863475799560547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 is made predominately of polypropylene, measuring long, wide, and high. It weighs approximately 30 kg without a battery and 45 kg with one. The chassis consists of a single Y-shaped steel component with a cross-section of about by 4 cm The vehicle has three wheels, one of 317 mm diameter at the front and two of 406 mm at the rear.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.079601287841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The driver sits in a recumbent position in an open cockpit, steering via a handlebar that is located under the knees. A power switch and front and rear brake levers are positioned on the handlebar. As a supplement to or replacement for electric power, the C5 can also be propelled via bicycle-style pedals located at the front of the cockpit. The maximum speed of an unmodified C5 is 15 mph. At the rear of the vehicle is a small luggage compartment with a capacity of 28 litres (1 cu ft). As the C5 does not have a reverse gear, reversing direction is done by getting out, picking up the front end and turning it around by hand. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.661211967468262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 is powered by a 12-volt lead-acid electric battery which drives a motor with a continuous rating of 250 watts and a maximum speed of 4,100 revolutions per minute. It is coupled with a two-stage gear-drive that increases torque by a factor of 13, without which the motor would not be able to move the vehicle when a person is on board. However, the motor is vulnerable to overheating. The torque increases as the load on the vehicle increases, for instance by going up too steep a gradient. Sinclair's tests showed that it could cope under power with a maximum slope of 1 in 12 (8%) and could manage a 1 in 7 (14%) slope using the pedals. As the speed of the motor reduces, the current flow through its windings increases, drawing up to 140 amps at stall speed. This would very quickly burn the motor out if sustained, so the motor's load is constantly monitored by the C5's electronics. If it stalls under full load the electronics disable the motor after 4 seconds, while if it is under heavy load (around 80 or 90 amps) it trips after two or three minutes. A heat-sensitive resistor inside the motor warns the driver if the vehicle is beginning to overheat and disconnects the motor after a short time, and a third line of defence is provided by a metallic strip mounted on the motor. If an excessive temperature is reached the strip distorts and the power is disconnected. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.638795852661133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Although it was usually billed as an electric vehicle, the C5 also depends significantly on pedal power. The vehicle's battery is designed to provide 35 amps per hour when fully charged or half that for two hours, giving the C5 a claimed range of 20 mi. A display in the cockpit uses green, amber, and red LEDs to display the state of the battery charge. The segments are extinguished one after the other to indicate how much driving time is left. The last light indicates that only ten minutes of power are left, after which the motor is switched off and the driver is left to rely on the pedals. Another display indicates via green, amber, and red LEDs how much current is being used. The C5 is in its most economical running mode when a low amount of current, indicated by the green LEDs, is being used. When the lights are red, the motor is under a high load and the driver needs to use pedal power to avoid overheating and shutdown. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.483696937561035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 was initially sold at a cost of £399, but to keep the cost under the £400 mark a number of components were sold as optional accessories. These included indicator lights, mirrors, mud flaps, a horn, and a \"High-Vis Mast\" consisting of a reflective strip on a pole, designed to make the C5 more visible in traffic. Sinclair's C5 accessories brochure noted that \"the British climate isn't always ideal for wind-in-the-hair driving\" and offered a range of waterproofs to keep C5 drivers dry in the vehicle's open cockpit. Other accessories included seat cushions and spare batteries. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.837272644042969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "Sinclair took the view that an electric vehicle needed to be designed from the ground up, completely rethinking the principles of automotive design rather than simply dropping electric components into an established model. He believed that the motor was the key to the design. Sinclair and Curry developed a wafer-thin motor that was mounted on a child's scooter, with a button on the handlebars to activate it. The research got no further, however, as Sinclair's development of the first \"slimline\" pocket calculator – the Sinclair Executive and its successors – took precedence. No further work on electric vehicles took place for most of the rest of the 1970s. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9103193283081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "A specification of the C1 emerged by the end of the year. It would address short-distance transportation needs, with a minimum range of 30 miles on a fully charged battery. This reflected official figures showing that the average daily car journey was only 13 mi, while the average moped or pedal cycle journey was just 6 mi. The users were envisaged as being housewives, urban commuters, and young people, who might otherwise use cycles or mopeds to travel. The electric vehicle would be safer, more weather-proof, and would offer space to carry items. It would be easy to drive and park and for the driver to enter or exit, and it would require minimum maintenance. The vehicle would be engineered for simplicity using injection-moulded plastic components and a polypropylene body. It would also be much cheaper than a car, costing £500 (now £) at the most. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.480046272277832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "One area of development that Sinclair purposefully avoided was battery technology. Electric vehicles powered by lead-acid batteries had once actually outnumbered internal combustion engine vehicles; in 1912 nearly 34,000 electric cars were registered in the U.S. However, the efficiency of internal combustion engines greatly improved while battery technology advanced much more slowly, leading to petrol and diesel-driven vehicles dominating the market. By 1978, out of 17.6 million registered vehicles on Britain's roads, only 45,000 were electric vehicles in day-to-day use and of those, 90% were milkfloats. Sinclair chose to rely on existing lead-acid battery technology, avoiding the great expense of developing a more efficient type. His rationale was that if the electric vehicle market took off, battery manufacturers would step up to develop better batteries. Wood Rogers recalls:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.006680011749268, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "Sinclair realised that his electric vehicle design could easily be adapted to meet the new legislation. As the \"electrically assisted pedal cycle\" category was so new, there were no existing vehicles on the market that would meet the standards prescribed by the new legislation. However, it imposed a number of restrictions that limited the performance of any vehicle that would qualify under the new standards. The maximum legal speed of the vehicle would be limited to only 15 mph; it could not weigh any more than 60 kg, including the battery; and its motor could not be rated at any more than 250 watts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.215947151184082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Development and design of the C5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39641284942627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Further aerodynamic refinements were carried out in Exeter with the development of new body shells which produced further reductions in the vehicle's drag. However, it was felt that something was lacking in the design and a 23-year-old industrial designer, Gus Desbarats, was brought in to refine the shell's appearance. He had won a Sinclair-sponsored electric vehicle design competition at the Royal College of Art and was hired on his graduation to set up an in-house car design studio at Sinclair's Metalab in Cambridge, of which he became the first employee. It was not only Desbarats' first project but, as he later said, \"day one of my working life\", when he turned up at Sinclair's premises. He was taken aback when he saw the C5 for the first time, as he had been expecting a \"proper\" electric car. He said later that he thought \"the concept looked futuristic but was short on practicality. There were no instruments, nowhere to put anything and no security features.\" Desbarats told Sinclair that the design would have to be redone from scratch, \"asking what we were doing about visibility, rear view mirrors, range indications ...\". It was far too late for this, however; all the key design decisions had already been made. Desbarats told Sinclair that he would need four months to revisit the design and was given eight weeks instead. He created the styling that was used for the final production model of the C5, with wheel trims and a small luggage compartment being added subsequently. Desbarats was also responsible for the creation of the High-Vis Mast accessory, as he felt uncomfortable being so close to the ground with other drivers potentially not being able to see him. He later described his contribution as \"convert[ing] an ugly pointless device into a prettier, safer, and more usable pointless device.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.836970806121826, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The chassis of the C5 consists of two identical metal pressings which are joined at top and bottom with a closing plate at the rear. It lacks a separate suspension system, instead relying on the chassis structure having enough torsional flex. Its motor was produced in Italy by Polymotor, a subsidiary of the Dutch company Philips. Although it was later famously said that the C5 was powered by a washing machine motor, the motor was in fact developed from a design produced to drive a truck cooling fan. Lotus provided the gearbox and a rear axle based on a design for car steering columns. The C5's electronics were produced by MetaLab, a Sinclair spin-off. The wheels were assembled from tyres made in Taiwan and wheels from Italy. Oldham Batteries provided a lead-acid battery developed for Sinclair that could manage more than the 300 charge-discharge cycles that had originally been specified.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.638181209564209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The bodywork was made from two injection-moulded polypropylene shells supplied by three manufacturers; J.J. Harvey of Manchester made the moulds, Linpac provided the shells, and ICI supplied the raw material. According to Rodney Dale, the upper shell mould was \"one of the largest – if not the largest – injection mouldings of its type in the UK: possibly even in the world.\" The manufacturing process reflected Sinclair's ambition for the C5 production line. A single mould set was capable of producing up to 4,000 parts every week. The two parts of the shell were joined together by wrapping a tape around the joint, aligning them on a jig, pressing them together and passing an electric current through the tape to heat and melt it. The same process was used to make the front and rear bumper assemblies of the Austin Maestro and only took about 70 seconds to complete. Although Sinclair had considered producing the C5 at the DeLorean plant at Dunmurry in Northern Ireland, which had one of Europe's most advanced automated plastic body manufacturing facilities, this was not to be, as the DeLorean Motor Company failed in a controversial bankruptcy which resulted in the plant's closure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.213019371032715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Instead, the work of assembling the C5 was given to The Hoover Company in the spring of 1983. The Welsh Development Agency (WDA) approached Hoover to ask them if they would be interested becoming the principal subcontractor for Sinclair, \"who are working on an electric car, and as a by-product of the research have designed an electrically assisted bicycle. They are looking for a subcontractor to whom they can entrust the assembly.\" The proposal suited all sides. The WDA was keen to support the Hoover washing machine factory at Merthyr Tydfil, situated in the economically depressed South Wales Valleys. Hoover was enticed by Sinclair's projections of sales of 200,000 units a year, increasing to 500,000. Sinclair saw Hoover's plant and expertise as a good match for their fabrication techniques. A contract was signed within a few months. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.731239318847656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 was produced in great secrecy in a separate part of the Hoover factory with its own duplicate facilities. At first the work was carried out by a small team of people in a sealed room, but as production ramped up Hoover installed two production lines in building MP7, connected to the main factory by an underground tunnel. A rolling testing stand was located at the end of the production line to test each completed C5 for faults. A mechanical arm simulated the weight of a person weighing 12 stone and the vehicle's brakes were tested under load. At the end of the process the C5s which had passed testing were rolled into cardboard boxes and loaded straight onto distribution lorries in stacks. Around £100,000 was spent to set up the factory. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.609476089477539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Distribution centres were set up in Hayes in Middlesex, Preston in Lancashire and Oxford to handle the C5s. Hoover arranged for 19 of its service offices around the UK – responsible for maintaining customers' vacuum cleaners and washing machines – to also maintain C5s and provide spare parts. The C5's major consumable item, the battery, was to be supported by 300 branches of Comet and Woolworths. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.720888137817383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Hoover trained its engineers to produce C5s and tested its manufacturing processes by assembling, dismantling and re-assembling 100 C5s. Full production began in November 1984 and by early January 1985 over 2,500 C5s had been manufactured. Each production line could produce 50 vehicles an hour and Hoover had the capability of producing up to 8,000 C5s per week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.011588096618652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The news of Sinclair's C5 project came as a surprise when it became public and attracted considerable interest, as well as scepticism. The Economist reported in June 1983 that carmakers were \"startled\" but cautious about Sinclair's prospects; as one competitor put it, \"If it were anyone but Sinclair, we'd say he was bonkers\". The Economist asked, \"Can a man who has made a fortune out of calculators and computers, and could double it on flatscreen televisions, be that crazy?\" and wondered whether he was \"making a ghastly mistake\", a prediction that industry insiders thought was likely. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.245915412902832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 was launched on 10 January 1985 at Alexandra Palace in North London. The event was staged in Sinclair's usual glitzy style, with girls handing out press packs and a variety of promotional giveaways: magazines, hats, pullovers, T-shirts, key rings, sun visors, badges, mugs, bags, and even a C5 video game. The vehicle was given a dramatic unveiling; six C5s driven by girls dressed in grey and yellow burst out of six cardboard boxes, drove around the arena, and lined up side by side. Sinclair announced the launch of a £3 million, three-month-long advertising print and television advertising campaign. The C5 would be available initially by mail order at a cost of £399 and would subsequently be sold via high street stores.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.005470275878906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The press was given an opportunity to try out the C5 but this proved to be, as Adamson and Kennedy put it, \"an unqualified disaster\". A large number of the demonstration machines did not work, as the assembled journalists soon discovered. The Sunday Times called the C5 a \"Formula One bath-chair\"; its reporter \"had travelled five yards outdoors when everything when phut and this motorised, plastic, lozenge rolled to a halt with all the stationary decisiveness of a mule.\" The Guardians reporter had a flat battery after only seven minutes, while Your Computer found that the C5 could not cope with the slopes at Alexandra Palace: \"The 250 watt electric motor which drives one of the back wheels proved incapable of powering the C5 up even the gentlest slopes without using pedal power. The tricycle was soon making a plaintive \"peep, peep\" noise signalling that the engine had overheated.\" Even the distinguished former racing driver Stirling Moss ran into problems when he tried out the C5 on the roads around Alexandra Palace. The Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail reported that while he had started out well, \"a jaunty smile on [his] face as he braved some of the worst exhaust fumes in the world spluttering almost directly into his face from trucks he could almost drive underneath\", he ran into problems when he reached a hill: \"It was at this point that he realised the battery had gone dead. On a cold and foggy London day, the great man was visibly sweating.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.565457344055176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The timing and location of the launch event – in the middle of winter, on the top of a snow- and ice-covered hill – later prompted criticism even from Sinclair executives, who admitted off the record that spring conditions might have been better for a vehicle with so little protection from the British climate. The Financial Times called it \"the worst possible timing to launch what was proclaimed to be a serious, road-going vehicle\". Sinclair's biographer Rodney Dale describes it as \"a calculated (or miscalculated) risk\", pointing out that production was already underway, details were beginning to leak out to the press and \"the launch could hardly have been held up until the possibility of a bright spring day.\" He justified the choice of January as being necessitated by a need to release the C5 \"as soon as possible lest the erroneous speculation should have done more harm than good.\" Rob Gray offers an alternative explanation, that the launch date had been brought forward because Sinclair's development funds were running low. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4718427658081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "It soon became apparent that the C5 faced more serious problems with public perception than merely a botched launch event. Media reactions to the C5 were generally negative when the first reviews appeared over the following days. As the Financial Times observed, \"the few hardy journalists who ventured out on the roads returned shivering and dubious about the C5's abilities in such harsh conditions.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289874076843262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "A common concern was that it was simply too vulnerable in traffic. Your Computer commented that \"a periscope would be handy if you intended driving the C5 on busy roads since your head is only at bonnet level.\" The Guardian's motoring correspondent wrote of her \"grave misgivings about its use in congested traffic ... On a sharp turn it too easily lifts a rear wheel, is hazardously silent, and low down. It disappears below a car driver's sight-line when pulling up alongside. The prospect of these vehicles merging into heavy traffic, dwarfed by heavy lorries, buses, and cars, is worrying. Their low speed risks turning them into mobile chicanes for other traffic.\" Another Guardian writer wrote that he \"would not want to drive [the] C5 in any traffic at all. My head was on a level with the top of a juggernaut's tyres, the exhaust fumes blasted into my face. Even with the minuscule front and rear lights on, I could not feel confident that a lorry driver so high above the ground would see me.\" Sinclair issued a publicity photograph showing the C5's industrial designer, Gus Desbarats, in a C5 alongside a cardboard cutout of an Austin Mini to illustrate that the C5 driver's seated position was actually higher than that of a Mini driver. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.83697509765625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "As teenagers were among the target audiences for the C5, some commentators also raised the prospect of (in Adamson and Kennedy's words) \"packs of 14-year-olds terrorising the neighbourhood in their customised C5s\". The secretary of the Cyclists Touring Club raised the prospect of \"kids us[ing] them in a pretty wild way. They may run them over paths and pavements and knock people down.\" Sinclair dismissed such concerns – \"I have qualms about seven-year-olds riding bicycles on the open road, but I have far fewer qualms about a 14-year-old driving one of these\". Teenagers interviewed by The Guardian were doubtful about whether they would want a C5, commenting that while it was fun to drive they felt insecure in it and preferred their bicycles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.250208854675293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "On the plus side, the C5's handling characteristics were praised by reviewers. The Guardian called it \"very easy to master once you have become familiar with the under-thigh handlebar steering and the semi-recumbent driving position with feet on bicycle-type pedals.\" The Daily Mirror described the arrangement as \"surprisingly easy\" to master, although it cautioned that \"on full speed and on full lock it's very easy to tip it onto two wheels.\" The Daily Express motoring correspondent wrote that he found the C5 \"stable, comfortable and easy to handle.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535619735717773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The verdict from motoring organisations, road safety groups, and consumer watchdogs was decidedly negative and probably sealed the C5's fate. The British Safety Council (BSC) tested the C5 at Sinclair Vehicles' headquarters in Warwick and issued a highly critical report to its 32,000 members. Sinclair was furious and announced that he would sue the BSC and its chairman, James Tye, for defamation after Tye told the press: \"I am shattered that within a few days 14-year-old children will be allowed to drive on the road in this Doodle Bug without a licence ... without insurance and without any form of training.\" Several years later, Tye was happy to take responsibility for the C5's failure, describing himself as \"the man entirely to blame for the failure of the Sinclair C5.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.110130310058594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Despite the problems of the press launch day, a more positive response was expected from the 20,000 members of the public who attended the remaining two days of the launch event to try out the C5 on the Alexandra Palace test track. Sinclair reported the day after the event that its switchboard had been overwhelmed by enquirers, and it expected that all 2,700 units from the first production run would be sold by the following Monday. Setting a pattern that would be repeated throughout the C5's short commercial life, this prediction was wildly optimistic; less than 200 were sold during the Alexandra Palace event. However, sales picked up as mail order forms – which had been sent to all of Sinclair's computer customers – were returned with fresh orders. Within four weeks of launch, 5,000 C5s had been sold.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.500174522399902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5's users were an eclectic group. They included holiday camps who wanted C5s to rent to campers; the British Royal Family – Princes William and Harry each had one to drive around Kensington Palace before they were old enough to drive; Sir Elton John, who had two; the magician Paul Daniels, who bought a demonstration model he saw being driven around the BBC Television Centre car park; Sir Arthur C. Clarke, who had two shipped out to his home at Colombo in Sri Lanka; and the Mayor of Scarborough, Michael Pitts, who swapped his official Daimler for a C5. However, as The Times reported, some of the early buyers were disappointed by the vehicle's limitations, citing its slowness, its limited range and its inability to cope with steep hills, which led some people to return their C5s and ask for a refund.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.48745346069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Although the C5 reached retail stores at the start of March 1985, sales had tailed off. Sinclair resorted to hiring teams of teenagers to drive around London in C5s to promote the vehicle, at a cost to the company of £20 a day. Similar teams were established in Manchester, Birmingham, and Leeds. The company denied that it was a marketing campaign; a spokesman told The Times that \"we haven't done ... tests on inner city roads. That is what the team is doing. Marketing is not the prime function but will undoubtedly be a spin-off.\" Sinclair was reported to be surprised at the lack of demand and blamed the press for \"a lack of foresight and pessimistic reporting.\" Matters did not improve. The retail chain Comet acquired 1,600 C5s but nine months later most were still unsold. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.567358493804932, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Adding to Sinclair's problems, production of the C5 had to be halted for three weeks after numerous customers reported that the plastic moulding attached to the gearbox was impairing the performance of their vehicles. 100 Hoover workers were shifted from the C5 production line to work on replacing the faulty mouldings on returned vehicles. Barrie Wills admitted that Sinclair was also taking the opportunity to \"adjust stocks\" in the light of the C5's poor sales. When production resumed a month later it was at only 10% of the previous level, with 90 of the workers being transferred back to the washing machine production lines. Only 100 C5s were now being produced a week, down from the original 1,000. Over 3,000 unsold C5s were piled up in storage at the Hoover factory, with additional unsold stock in 500 retail outlets nationwide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.531482696533203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair tried to put a brave face on it, admitting that \"sales have not been entirely up to expectations\" but claiming to be \"confident of a high level of demand for the vehicle.\" A spokesman told the media that \"we expect a rapid rise in sales now that the weather is improving\". Possible sales opportunities were explored in mainland Europe, Asia, and the United States, with Sinclair claiming that he had found \"very big\" levels of interest. Hoover were sufficiently persuaded to allow Sinclair to divert 10 of their employees to modify C5s for overseas export. The bid to sell the C5 abroad failed; the Dutch National Transport Service told Sinclair that the C5 was not suitable for Dutch roads without improvements to its braking system, the addition of more reflectors, and the inclusion of the High-Vis Mast as part of the basic package. Most of the other ten countries that Sinclair inquired of demanded similar changes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.3988728523254395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5's reputation received a further battering when major consumer organisations published sceptical evaluations. The Automobile Association questioned many of Sinclair's claims in a report published at the start of May. It found that the range of the vehicle was typically only about 10 miles (16 km) rather than the 20 mi promised by Sinclair, and reported that the C5's battery ran flat after only on a cold day. The C5's running speed was more usually around than the claimed 15 mph, while its running costs compared unfavourably to that of a petrol-driven Honda PX50 moped. The stability, general roadworthiness, and especially the safety of the C5 were questioned, and the AA suggested that the High-Vis Mast should be included as part of the standard package. It concluded:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.274398803710938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Consumers' Association published a critical report on the C5 in the June issue of its magazine Which, concluding that the vehicle was of only limited use and represented poor value for money. All three of the C5s that it tested broke down with a \"major gearbox fault\" and their High-Vis Masts snapped. The longest run between battery charges was only , and a more realistic achievable range was 5–10 miles (8–16 km). It also echoed the AA's concerns about the C5's safety and the omission of the High-Vis Mast from the standard package. The magazine also called the C5 \"too easy to steal\", hardly surprising considering that while a security lock could be used to prevent it being driven away, the C5 was light enough that a would-be thief could simply pick it up and carry it off. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.490981101989746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "As the summer of 1985 continued, sales of the C5 remained far below Sinclair's predictions; only 8,000 had been sold by July. In the middle of that month, the Advertising Standards Authority ordered Sinclair to amend or withdraw its advertisements for the C5 after finding that the company's claims about the safety and speed of the C5 either could not be proved or were not justified. Retailers attempted to deal with unsold stocks of C5s by drastically cutting the vehicle's price. Comet first reduced the price to £259.90 but by the end of the year was selling C5s with a complete set of accessories for only £139.99, 65% less than the launch price. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.262146949768066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Production was terminated in August 1985, by which time 14,000 C5s had been assembled. Cashflow problems caused by the paucity of sales caused relations to break down between Sinclair Vehicles and Hoover. In June 1985 Hoover obtained a writ against Sinclair for unpaid debts of over £1.5 million, relating to work carried out over the previous eight months. It did not actually serve the writ but entered negotiations with Sinclair. In mid-August, it publicly announced that it was ceasing production of the C5. A Sinclair spokesman told the media that the halt in production was \"due to a shortage of certain components which are unable to be re-ordered while a financial settlement is pending. Once this has been concluded production is envisaged to recommence.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.35493803024292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "On 5 November, TPD was formally liquidated at a creditors' meeting. It was revealed, to the anger of the creditors, that Sinclair had taken out a £5 million debenture to cover the money that he had put into the company. Ordinary creditors faced little prospect of recovering the £1 million left outstanding. Primary Contact, the marketing agency used by Sinclair to promote the C5, was left with the biggest unpaid bill, of nearly £500,000. The last of the unsold C5s were bought for £75 each by Ellar (Surplus Goods) Ltd of Liverpool, which planned to sell 1,000 of them to an Egyptian businessman for use on a university campus while another 1,500 were intended to be sold in the UK.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.033391952514648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Some commentators attributed the C5's failure to problems with Sinclair's marketing strategy; only a year after the demise of Sinclair Vehicles, the Globe and Mail newspaper called it \"one of the great marketing bombs of postwar British industry\". Andrew P. Marks of Paisley College of Technology criticises Sinclair's marketing strategy as confused; the C5 promotional brochure depicts it as a leisure vehicle, showing boys in C5s at a football pitch, women in C5s on a suburban road, and so on, while the text suggests that the C5 is a serious substitute for a car. He concludes that the C5 was poorly defined, appearing to be \"trying to grasp at two different markets\" but was unable to appeal to either, and so failed to take off. The fact that it was initially only available via mail order was also a mistake, in Marks' view, as it meant that no physical inspection of the product could be made before purchasing it. This was a serious deterrent to consumers as it made the C5 a much more risky purchase.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.515052318572998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair himself said in 2005 that the C5 \"was early for what it was. People reacted negatively and the press didn't help. It was too low down and people felt insecure, hence it got bad press.\" Sam Dawson of Classic and Sport Car Magazine described the C5 as \"incredibly fun to drive\", suggesting that the safety concerns could have been addressed if it wasn't for the fact that it was already doomed as a national joke.\" He noted the disconnect between the media's expectations of a serious electric car and the reality of the C5, which he called \"just a fun way of getting around.\" Professor Stuart Cole of the University of South Wales comments that the C5 suffered from the design of the roads and the attitudes of the time, which were not geared towards pedal or electric vehicles: \"In the days before unleaded petrol, your face would have been at the height of every exhaust pipe, and drivers weren't used to having to consider slower-moving cyclists. But with more cycle lanes, better education, and workplaces providing showers, etc., the world now is much more geared up for people looking for alternatives to the car, and hopefully will become even more so in the future.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.677114963531494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair envisaged producing follow-up vehicles such as the C10, a two-seater city car, and the C15, a four-seater capable of travelling at 80 mph. As Wills put it at the launch event, \"We're developing a family of traffic-compatible, quiet, economic and pollution-free vehicles for the end of the '80s.\" The C5 was described as \"the baby of the family\". The C10 was intended to be a city car, capable of carrying two passengers at up to 40 mph in a roofed but open-sided compartment with two wheels at the front and one at the back. Wood Rogers intended it to effectively be an updated version of the Isetta, a 1960s Italian microcar. Sinclair built a full-scale mock-up of it; according to Wood Rogers, \"it looked great. I specified open sides to keep the cost down and having no doors meant it escaped a lot of regulations too.\" The design is strikingly similar to the modern Renault Twizy electric vehicle; Wood Rogers comments that \"you could put the C10 into production today and it would still look contemporary.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.456395149230957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair described the C15 as having \"a futuristic design with an elongated 'tear-drop' shape, a lightweight body made of self-coloured polypropylene and a single, possibly 'roller' type rear wheel.\" It would have been launched at the 1988 International Motor Show in Birmingham following a development programme costed at £2 million. Unlike the relatively conventional technology used in the C5, Sinclair intended to use sodium sulphur batteries with four times the power-to-weight ratio of lead-acid batteries to give the C15 much greater speed and range – over 180 mi on a single charge. It would have had approximately the same dimensions as a conventional small car, measuring long, high, and wide. However, it could only have worked if sodium sulphur batteries had realised their promise. In the event they did not, due to thermal problems. Neither the C10 nor the C15 ever left the drawing board.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.964143753051758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Although Sinclair went on to produce more (but much smaller) electric vehicles, the C5 debacle did lasting damage to the reputation of subsequent EVs in the UK, which the media routinely compared to the C5. It was not until a highly regarded manufacturer, Toyota, launched a serious and well-received vehicle in the 1990s, the Prius, that the C5 \"jinx\" was finally laid to rest. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8577704429626465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Despite its lack of commercial success when it was first released, the C5 gained an unexpected degree of cult status in the later years. Collectors began purchasing them as investment items, reselling them for considerably more than their original retail price. One such investor, Adam Harper, bought 600 C5s from a film company as a speculative investment in 1987. He sold all but four within two years, selling them to customers who wanted a novel or more environmentally friendly form of transportation. He also found willing customers among drivers who had been banned from the road, as the C5 did not need a driving licence or vehicle tax. According to Harper, C5s could be resold for as much as £2,500 – more than six times the original retail price. By 1996, a Special Edition C5 in its original box was reported to be worth more than £5,000 to collectors. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.617173194885254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "C5 owners began modifying their vehicles to achieve levels of performance far beyond anything envisaged by Sinclair. Adam Harper used one C5 as a stunt vehicle, driving it through a 70 ft tunnel of fire, and adapted another to run at 150 mph, aiming to break a world land speed record for a three-wheeled electric vehicle and the British record for any type of electric vehicle. He said later: \"Up to 100 mph it's like you're running on rails, it's really stable. Then at about 110 to 120 mph it starts getting tricky. At that point if a tyre blew up or something happened you would be surely dead.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.168080806732178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "As quoted in the 1987 Guinness Book of Records under battery powered vehicle; 'John W. Owen and Roy Harvey travelled 919 miles 1479 km from John O'Groats to Land's End in a Sinclair C5 in 103 hr 15 min on 30 Apr-4 May 1985.'(8.9 mph avg.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.90730094909668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Chris Crosskey, an engineer from Abingdon, set a record for the longest journey completed on a C5 on a trip to Glastonbury – 103 mi miles away (\"I nearly died of exhaustion\" ) – and tried three times to drive one from Land's End to John o' Groats, a distance of 874 mi. Another engineer, Adrian Bennett, fitted a jet engine to his C5, while plumber Colin Furze turned one into a 5 ft (1.5 m)-high \"monster trike\" with 2 ft wheels and a petrol engine capable of propelling it at 40 mph. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165365219116211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "John Otway regularly uses a C5 in his stage show and publicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443233489990234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sinclair C5" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered tricycle, hits the road - BT", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.420334815979004, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered tricycle, hits the road", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.379435062408447, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair had envisaged the C5, which retailed at £399, as appealing to both drivers and cyclists, but it soon became apparent that its shortcomings pleased neither group.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.530951976776123, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Did you ever own or drive a Sinclair C5? Could you see yourself using one today? Let us know in the Comments section below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.291251182556152, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 – Did you know?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.170636177062988, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Final design modifications on the C5 were carried out by 23-year-old Gus Desbarats, who had won a Sinclair-sponsored electric vehicle design competition at the Royal College of Art.  One of his modifications was to add a small luggage compartment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.689525127410889, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The contract to assemble the C5 was given to the Hoover Company, who carried out manufacture at their washing machine factory in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales – leading to the spurious rumour that the vehicle was powered by a washing machine motor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.573527336120605, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Despite safety concerns and questions over its usefulness, the C5 was actually praised for its handling and control, being called \"stable, comfortable and easy to handle\" and “very easy to master” in the British press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.63021469116211, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The company created by Sinclair to manufacture and sell the C5 was placed in receivership in October 1985 and liquidated the following month.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.210583686828613, "source": "search", "title": "January 10, 1985: The C5, Clive Sinclair's battery-powered ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair C5 Electric Vehicle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.843686580657959, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 Electric Vehicle - Plymouth University" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "- (Poor Concept Realisation) Sinclair C5 Electric Vehicle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.223536014556885, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 Electric Vehicle - Plymouth University" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "On January 10 1985, the Sinclair C5 made its debut in the London traffic under the critical eye of a cynical press. It took advantage of a 1983 change to the law (designed to help disabled drivers and milk float manufacturers) and was carefully designed so that anyone over the age of 14 could drive it, without insurance, driving licence, road tax or crash helmet, and even if they had been disqualified from driving a car by the courts. It was meant to be a ubiquitous, utilitarian environmentally friendly town vehicle � this ideal is a good one and has been emulated by other manufacturers in the intervening years, even if the engine is not always electric, e.g. the SMART car [5].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.399001598358154, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 Electric Vehicle - Plymouth University" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "Development was probably rushed to exploit the temporary loophole in the law regarding electric vehicles, and did not consider the consequences of future safety legislation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.745624542236328, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 Electric Vehicle - Plymouth University" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "It is worth noting that Sinclair C5 tricycles currently sell for around �900 in the UK!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.38525390625, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 Electric Vehicle - Plymouth University" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "When it was unleashed on an unsuspecting public in 1985, the Sinclair C5 was the last word in futuristic transport. Ten months, and �6m of investment, later it was consigned to the commercial scrapheap.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9366655349731445, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Now its inventor, Sir Clive Sinclair, is working on a \"C6\" - a top-secret follow-up to the ill-fated C5, to be unveiled next year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.2900004386901855, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Segway is the brainchild of American inventor Dean Kamen and has been compared to the C5 for presenting an innovative solution to getting around congested cities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38000774383545, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sir Clive in 1985, on a C5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.996969223022461, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "He is convinced there is a gap in the market for his new invention, declaring the Segway unsuitable for British streets. The device weighs about 40 kilos and, unlike the C5, was designed to be used on pavements.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13005542755127, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "But he was impressed with its upstanding design - the Segway uses gyroscopes to stay upright - and conceded it was less likely to scare off customers than the low-slung C5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363224983215332, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Driven by a combination of battery and pedal power, the C5 was declared a death trap by the Automobile Association because it was too small to be seen by lorry drivers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.914545059204102, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "So does he wish the C5 had come out looking more like the Segway? \"No, no, no, I don't at all. We sold 5,000 of them.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382792472839355, "source": "search", "title": "'Move over Segway'Clive Sinclair unveils plans for a ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN RUNAROUND - BLUEBIRD ELECTRIC 3 LAND SPEED RECORD PROJECT", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.00548267364502, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.908802032470703, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "Like TV and computers, the idea of producing an electric vehicle had been a constant preoccupation for him. In the '70's, ecological issues were in the forefront, and the British government passed legislation that allowed electric-assisted cycles to be used without a license, as long as they didn�t exceed 15mph.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.568617820739746, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 on the road", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.336739540100098, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The much-publicized launch was an unqualified disaster. It was held in the middle of winter and the C5's bodies skated on the snow. The press was merciless. Safety and Advertising Standards organizations got involved. Sales and production nosedived, and the company was wound up in October of the same year, with an unfazed Sir Clive out of pocket some 8.6 million pounds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.371339797973633, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "From day one of its launch the Sinclair C5 came under continuous attack from the media who criticised it for numerous reasons and said that it should be banned. The main reasons were that due to its low stance on the road it could not be seen easily by other road users, this also opened up the debate about C5 drivers being at the same level as exhaust pipes from larger vehicles and inhaling their fumes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.989062309265137, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "In addition the C5's power performance was also criticised as it was stated that often during independent test the vehicle could rarely tackle a hill climb without manual assistance peddling.  It was also claimed that the vehicle only ever lasted approximately 10 miles on one battery charge and not the 20 specified by Sinclair. In some case this was reduced to 6 - 7 miles in winter as the cold would affect the battery's performance. A high visibility mask was available for the C5 as an optional extra though many claimed it should have been standard.  Despite most of these claims made by the media condeming the vehicle, RoSPA stated that they liked the C5 and that it should not be banned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.459579467773438, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The main C5 body was moulded in two halves - the dark grey lower body, and the white upper body.  The body of the C5 was made of self-coloured lightweight polypropylene. The vehicle was 2ft 6\" wide, 2ft 6\" high and 5ft 9\" long.  The two halves were joined using a thermo-plastic tape. This was tacked into place using a telesonic gun to the lower body. The upper body was held in position by an inflated band, and a current passed through the tape. This melted the tape, and joined the two halves together.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.765314102172852, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 frame and body", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.870226860046387, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Possibly Sinclair's most famous product (albeit for quite the wrong reasons), the ill-conceived C5 \"electric car\" proved to be the point at which Sinclair Research's wheels finally fell off. Attracting controversy and derision in equal measure, the C5 fiasco ended up having a catastrophic effect on Sinclair's finances. Losses of up to �7 million eventually forced the company to sell its computer business to Amstrad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.76792049407959, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "THE C5 USED A WASHING MACHINE MOTOR", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.292098999023438, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 motor is a 12v DC permanent magnet motor, rated at 250W continuous.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.129193305969238, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Perhaps it would have sounded better if the C5 was powered by a torpedo motor!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.181293487548828, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 motor", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3115339279174805, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The machine had several major flaws which doomed it before it had even been launched. It was capable of only 15 mph (a deliberate design decision, as electric vehicles which could travel faster than that required a licence to use). It had a very limited range which varied according to weather conditions - as little as 10km in cold weather - and its weight made it a struggle to pedal. Its cockpit was exposed to the elements (a real problem in the British climate) and the C5 itself was worryingly vulnerable in traffic. In a country with dedicated bicycle paths, such as the Netherlands, this would have been much less of a problem, but crowded British roads were a very different environment. This, probably more than anything else, sank the C5, not least because Sinclair initially did not publicly acknowledge the problem:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.072165489196777, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "I would not want to drive a C5 in any traffic at all. My head was on a level with the top of a juggernaut's tyres, the exhaust fumes blasted into my face. Even with the minuscule front and rear lights on, I could not feel confident that a lorry driver so high above the ground would see me. Small wonder that one of the accessories listed in the C5 brochure is a high and bright-red reflecting mast, said by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents [RoSPA] to be a 'must'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.844856262207031, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The \"hi-vis mast\" initially had to be purchased separately, but public pressure by the RoSPA and media eventually forced Sinclair to include it in the C5 package. By then, though, the damage had been done and even then it failed to satisfy everyone. The safety aspect so worried the authorities in the Netherlands, the most cyclist-friendly country in Europe, that the C5 was banned outright. Fewer than 17,000 C5s were sold, mostly in Britain although a few made it to continental Europe and the United States, and production was halted after only a few months. Some were reputedly bought by shipping companies to ferry deckhands around the huge foredecks of oil tankers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.007916450500488, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 overtaking!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.831803321838379, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "C5s are now highly sought-after collector's items and now sell for up to �900, although �300-�400 is a more likely value. One British stuntman has even turbocharged a C5 to 70mph (!) and races it through tunnels of fire. Sir Clive Sinclair would no doubt have known what that felt like in the wake of the C5's hostile reception.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.716627597808838, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "for other websites on the Sinclair C5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.858966827392578, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Site for Sinclair C5 Enthusiasts Worldwide", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.32671070098877, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 was a commercial disaster. The Press hounded it as a dangerous joke. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.74750804901123, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Only around 12,000 C5s were ever produced, many sold off abroad after the project folded. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392415046691895, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Most of the attention the C5 got was negative - some with good foundation, but much without. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32760238647461, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "This site is dedicated to show you the positive side of the C5 - the research and development - ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.475250244140625, "source": "search", "title": "SIR CLIVE SINCLAIR AND THE SINCLAIR C5 - ELECTRIC URBAN ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "EEVblog #501 - Sinclair C5 Electric Car Teardown & Test Drive - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.48341178894043, "source": "search", "title": "EEVblog #501 - Sinclair C5 Electric Car Teardown & Test ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "EEVblog #501 - Sinclair C5 Electric Car Teardown & Test Drive", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.258753776550293, "source": "search", "title": "EEVblog #501 - Sinclair C5 Electric Car Teardown & Test ..." }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "In 1982 Sinclair converted the Barker & Wadsworth mineral water bottling factory into the company's headquarters. (This was sold to Cambridgeshire County Council in December 1985 owing to Sinclair's financial troubles.) The following year, he received a knighthood and formed Sinclair Vehicles Ltd. to develop electric vehicles, which resulted in the Sinclair C5 in 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.354378700256348, "source": "search", "title": "Clive Sinclair - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "by David in Personal . Tagged a-bike , c5 , sinclair , x-1 , zeta , zike .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.875652313232422, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "However, back in the late 1980s I got to ride in one of them. Below is photographic evidence of my one and only Sinclair C5 excursion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.377860069274902, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Me, driving the Sinclair C5 on some Norfolk back roads in the late 1980s", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.61985969543457, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5, with an enhanced battery pack to help on the hills(!) of Norfolk", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.370376586914062, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 belonged to the mother of a friend of the family. She used it for regular trips to the local shops. I remember her telling me that she only pedalled when she thought no-one was looking. I also remember that someone had installed an extra battery for her – to give the machine a bit of extra impetus on the hill near her house. I loved every minute of my C5 drive – marshalled I’m sure by my probably very nervous parents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.182652473449707, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 remained popular with a small group of fans. Events have been held all over the world – well, at least as far as the Netherlands – and some went to a lot of effort customising their vehicle. For more information, a good place to start is C5Alive.co.uk", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025415420532227, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "After the C5 and the collapse of his computer empire that its failure helped precipitate, Sir Clive went back to the drawing board and worked on a number of electric motor attachments for normal road bikes. These ‘Zetas’ were followed by the ‘Zike’ in 1995, a full-sized bike with a battery stored in the frame. However, neither really caught my attention – or, it seems, that of many other people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.233707427978516, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "This newspaper advertisement is from the site of someone who has refurbished a Zike ( C5Martin ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.387364387512207, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 felt safer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31611156463623, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "Still, I think I only fell off a couple of times, and he assured me that it got easier with practice. And despite my difficulties, I did consider buying one for a while. I didn’t though. There were plans for an electric version, but I’m not sure it ever materialised. However, the latest iteration, the A-Bike City , with larger wheels and numerous other iterations to improve the ride is still available.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33914852142334, "source": "search", "title": "David Lenton | Sinclair transportation" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.693781852722168, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.015535354614258, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The road to the future is, apparently, always under construction. Its hard shoulder is littered with automotive relics that did not make it. Sometimes a wacky design is the cause of their downfall. Sometimes it’s the strange propulsion system. Or sometimes, as with the Sinclair C5 , it’s an unfortunate combination of the two.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.451629638671875, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 electric tricycle (with pedal assist) was a single-seater vehicle unveiled with great fanfare on 10 January 1985. It was billed as the future of transport. A non-polluting machine, capable of taking a driver wherever they needed to go: the shops, to work, or to a train station. It would replace oversized, under-efficient cars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.673808574676514, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair was known for being at the forefront of British innovation for many years by the time he tried his hand at vehicles. He had invented pocket radios , pocket TVs , electronic watches , and Britain’s biggest-selling home computer . Many millions of pounds worth of development went into the C5. It had a cutting-edge injection-moulded polypropylene shell (claimed to be the largest in the world), and a chassis designed by Lotus. It had a battery that could provide an 18.7-mile (30 kilometre) range, at up to 15mph (25km/h). Steering was done with handlebars under the rider’s legs as they leaned back. All of which sounds impressive on paper, and then you see the product in action…", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.060449600219727, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 had an almost instant image problem. The press and public saw the C5 less as a new mode of transport, and more as a toy – and an expensive one at that. Yours for only £399 (£1,120), and if you wanted to go uphill, you would have to pedal. But the C5 went from drawing board to prototype without any market research, according to Andrew Marks, who wrote an investigation into the vehicle’s failure for the European Journal of Marketing four years after the C5 was released. Sir Clive believed he could create a market where none had existed before, using changes in legislation that allowed electric pedal vehicles and improving battery technology. But, as Marks argues, the C5 programme seemed to be dictated by the company’s conviction, rather than by public demand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.323641300201416, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The C5 was also immediately criticised for its safety, or lack thereof. “I don’t like the ideas of driving it in traffic, frankly,” says Oliver in the report. The driving position was extremely low, making it effectively invisible to other vehicles. It could also be operated by anyone over 14 years old in the UK, without a license or helmet. Famed racing driver Stirling Moss expressed his concerns too.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.763317108154297, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "The Sinclair C5 did have a hi-tech “silicon chip control system” to monitor the battery charge and electric motor temperature, and to tell the driver when to add some pedal assistance. The trouble is, that turned out to be far too often.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.13219928741455, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Despite almost universal derision, the C5 still has a cult following. Parts are available on online auction sites and there are owners clubs swapping advice . A fully working C5 would set you back around £650 ($1,000) on eBay . The C5’s plastic body panels have weathered the passing of three decades much better than most steel cars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41105842590332, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C V", "passage": "In the decades since, battery technology has improved, as have electronic control systems for safety and stability. The appetite for alternatives to petrol-engined cars is growing, with some electric vehicles such as the Tesla Model S , and the Nissan Leaf becoming sales success stories. And cycling is also increasingly popular in cities, some of which have plans to ban cars all together .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98613452911377, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Perhaps a version of the C5, if it were to be introduced now, would also be a success.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268084526062012, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Future - Was the Sinclair C5 30 years too early?" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Sinclair C5 inventor Sir Clive returns with new twist on battery-powered car | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.414960861206055, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 inventor Sir Clive returns ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Now, eager to cash in on the growing trend towards electronic travel, the famous electronics pioneer has unveiled the X-1: a 21st-century twist on his notorious C5 sit-down cycle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125850677490234, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 inventor Sir Clive returns ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Launched in 1985, the C5 had a top speed of just 15 miles per hour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.428049087524414, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 inventor Sir Clive returns ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "C5", "passage": "Despite the failure of the C5, Sir Clive Sinclair has enjoyed a successful career as an electronics pioneer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.406635761260986, "source": "search", "title": "Sinclair C5 inventor Sir Clive returns ... - Daily Mail Online" } ]

[ { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "LONDON The sleekest Spice Girl on the rack has chosen Manhattan bridal baroness Vera Wang to make her wedding dress and soften her image. \"I don't want to be out-and-out sexy,\" Victoria Adams, better known to her fans as Posh Spice, told a British magazine. \"I want to do it in a subtle way.", "precise_score": 6.329068660736084, "rough_score": 6.943709373474121, "source": "search", "title": "VICTORIA'S SECRET GOWN POSH TO DON WANG DESIGN FOR ..." }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "\" Posh, 25, a new mom who usually graces the stage in a skintight, strapless minidress, said she is aiming for a \"virginal\" look. So what's the wedding gown going to look like? That's Victoria's secret. Posh would not divulge the details in her interview with OK! Magazine, which has bought exclusive rights to photograph her July 4 wedding to English soccer star David Beckham. Wang's associates also declined to dish about the dress, reveal the price tag or even confirm that Posh would be wearing white. \"We really are sworn to secrecy,\" said Wang spokeswoman Laura O'Brien. But O'Brien said Posh won't have any trouble cutting the rug at the reception in her Vera Wang creation. She has already regained her sultry figure after giving birth in March to son Brooklyn Joseph. \"I think she can perform in anything she's wearing,\" O'Brien said. \"She's young. She's sexy. Vera was thrilled to meet her and is thrilled to be doing this.", "precise_score": 3.2307159900665283, "rough_score": 5.939708709716797, "source": "search", "title": "VICTORIA'S SECRET GOWN POSH TO DON WANG DESIGN FOR ..." }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "The Dress: The former Spice Girl wore a champagne colored satin dress designed by Vera Wang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.274206280708313, "source": "search", "title": "Victoria (Posh Spice) and David Beckham Wedding" }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "David Beckham and Victoria Adams tied the knot on July 4, 1999 at Luttrellstown Castle in in Ireland. Their son Brooklyn was the ring bearer. Victoria Beckham’s wedding gown was a strapless champagne colored gown with a 20 foot train designed by none other than Vera Wang, while David wore an ivory and cream suit. Victoria wore an 18-carat gold gold and diamond crown designed by jeweler Slim Barrett.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.480446457862854, "source": "search", "title": "Celeb Wedding Flashback: David and Victoria Beckham ..." }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "To complement her crown Victoria wore a £60,000 wedding gown by Vera Wang and sat alongside her husband on matching gold thrones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7514443397521973, "source": "search", "title": "Victoria Beckham's lavish £25k gold and diamond wedding ..." }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "To complement her crown Victoria wore a £60,000 wedding gown by Vera Wang for the wedding, which was covered by OK! magazine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6532899141311646, "source": "search", "title": "Victoria Beckham's lavish £25k gold and diamond wedding ..." }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "The wedding ceremony itself was held in the tiny folly chapel, perched above a stream some 500 meters from the main castle. It’s the first time a wedding has ever been performed at this location. ‘The folly was a ruin and very cave-like when we found it, but Victoria loved the look of it,’ says Peregrine. ‘We had to do a lot of work to get it ready for the day – we had to bring builders in, put up scaffolding, lay a new floor and install power.’ The Bishop of Cork, the Right Reverend Paul Colton, was in charge of the important task of officiating the ceremony. When Victoria chose the wedding to be at Luttrellstown Castle, the bishop was the rector of the parish. He has only been a bishop for three months, and was only 38 years old when he was appointed. Contrary to media speculation, the couple were allowed to marry in Ireland because they were issued a special license by the Archbishop of Dublin. The Right Reverend Paul Colton first met the couple late last year, and they requested that he treat them like any other couple who are preparing for marriage. ‘I don’t see the ceremony as the marriage between to celebrities, but of a couple who are very much in love. The have had the same preparation and consultations as any other couple I have ever married,’ said the bishop. After the ceremony, the bishop spoke about the emotion of the event. ‘It was very special and Victoria and David acted exactly how I knew them to be from our previous meetings together. Although much preparation has gone into making their wedding as special as possible, I told them what really matters is what is in their hearts. In my eyes, every couple is a celebrity on their wedding day.’ And seeing Victoria and David on the day it was clear to all of the guests who were lucky enough to be there that the couple were totally in touch with their innermost feelings. As they waited for the cars – and the eventual, first dramatic appearance of Victoria herself – guests watched little Liberty gleefully rolling around on the top steps of the castle entrance in her fairy costume. ‘Dont’ do that, Liberty,’ said Victoria’s mum Jackie, ‘ you’ll flatten your wings!’ In keeping with tradition, the groom arrived first, driving a silver convertible Bentley Azure, worth ?230,000, and accompanied by his best man. At 4.05pm, five minutes after the wedding ceremony was scheduled to begin, Victoria swept into the castle’s entrance hall in her stunning Vera Wang wedding dress. As stylist Kenny Ho made the last few adjustments to her train, her smile was one of absolute, unadulterated happiness – the day and the moment for which she had waited so long were finally at hand. Once the purple carpet stretching down the castlesteps had been given one last brush and her silver Bentley Arnage was maneuvered into position, the imposing white doors of the castle were hauled open and Victoria stepped out into the sunshine and down into the waiting car. Kenny Ho helped her fold her train carefully into back seat beside her and the car slid away, bound for the folly chapel. In the months leading up to the wedding, everyone from fashion designers to newspaper columnists had been speculating about the style of Victoria’s dress. However, nobody could have predicted how the most stylish of the Spice Girls would look on her special day. ‘A lot of people were expecting me to have a tight little number with a great big split up the side, but I wanted to look quite virginal on my wedding day,’ said Victoria. The exquisitely simple champagne-coloured wedding dress, by American designer Vera Wang, literally took everyone’s breath away. ‘It is very Scarlett O’Hara,’ said Victoria, speaking the day before her wedding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.817878723144531, "source": "search", "title": "Victoria and David Beckham Wedding" }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "Underneath the full A-line skirt, she wore a petticoat made from 50 metres of tulle which had been suffened with horse hair. It was made of Clerici Duchess satin – the finest Italian satin in the world – and had a fitted, strapless bodice with a zip at the back, reminiscent of a traditional Victorian corset. The intricacy of the design was truly spectacular. Underneath it, she wore a tightly fitted corset, by English corsetiere Mr Pearl, who has been used by Lacroix, Mugler and many of the big couture houses in Paris. Vera wang, who has designed wedding dresses for such international star names as Sharon Stone, Uma Thurman and Mariah Carey, had obviously worked long and hard to achieve the stunning outcome. She had even gone as far as to have an Italian mill dye the dress to make sure that its colour fitted Victoria’s exacting specifications. Although many people expected Victoria to opt for a British designer, she chose Vera Wang, not only because of her reputation, but because of the warmth of her personality. Despite being a fan of Vera’s work for a long time, it was not until she was on tour with the Spice Girls in the US that Victoria began to realise what a design genius she is. The idea of the ‘crumb catcher’ – a fold detail at the top of the dress’s bodice – first came into Victoria’ head when she went with her stylist Kenny Ho into Vera Wang’s shop in New York. From that moment on, she knew that she wanted to incorporate it into her gown. The overall look of Victoria’s wedding dress was one of understated elegance with a modern twist. What made it even more special is that Victoria is the first British celebrity to have a Vera Wang couture bridal gown, something that she will remember for years to come. ‘It was a fairy princess dress, the shape of the gown drew attention to her small waist,’ explains Laura O’Brien, director of public relations and advertising for Vera Wang. ‘Vera only makes six to ten couture wedding dresses a year, and has six to eight people working on each one. Victoria’s own dress took two preliminary consultations, six fittings in New York and London, and 15 months to make.’ For her wedding shoes, Victoria wore cream, high-heeled satin sandals with a ten-centimeter heel. The shoe was a prototype for Vera Wang’s new autumn collection. As every bride knows, it is not only the dress that is important, but the accessories. On her head, Victoria wore a beautiful diamond and gold coronet by Slim Barrett, a jeweler who made pieces for the late Princess of Wales, while around her neck was a spectacular diamond crucifix that David bought her for Christmas last year. ‘I’ve never actually worn – I’ve been saving it for the wedding,’ said Victoria, who chose the cross as the ‘something old’ the bride usually wears. As well as something old, it is also traditional for a bride to wear things new, borrowed, and blue. Pinned inside Victoria’s dress was a brooch that her mother and grandmother before her had worn inside their own bridal gowns – this was the traditional ‘something borrowed’. The ‘something new’ was a series of little antique blue taffeta bows sewn inside her dress. For their wedding jewellery, David and Victoria wore rings designed and made by Asprey and Garrard’s jewellery craftsmen in their workshops in Bond Street, London. Victoria’s ring features a stunning Marquise-cut diamond, supported on each side by three grain-set baguette diamonds and set in 18-carat yellow gold. Each side of the shank of the ring is set in six diamonds, with the total diamond weight adding up to 5.82 carats. David’s ring is a full eternity ring, set with 24 baguette diamonds, with 24 smaller diamonds set on one side of the shank, in 18-carat yellow gold, adding up to a total diamond weight of 7.44 carats. As a wedding gift, David gave Victoria a pair of Asprey and Garrard emerald-cut diamond earrings set in 18-carat yellow gold, to match her wedding ring. He also gave her an 18-carat yellow gold waist chain featuring and Asprey and Garrard worldwide exclusive 0.53-carat Eternal Cut diamond on one end. For David’s gift, Victoria selected a beautiful Brequet steel wristwatch, also from Asprey and Garrard. As for Victoria’s bouquet, there was another surprise in store for her assembled guests. She decided against a traditional bridal bouquet and opted instead for a natural selection of green berries, twigs, blackberries, and brambles. Although all eyes at the ceremony were obviously directed towards the bride, David made sure that he looked qually stylish. In a cream suit by English designer Timothy Everett, who also dresses Tom Cruise, David perfectly complemented the simplicity of Victoria’s wedding gown. The look of his suit was one of understated sophistication: his knee-length cream jacket over cream trousers, together with a gold and cream waistcoat, cream shirt and cravat, cream top hat and cream shoes by Manalo Blahnik, all finished his outfit off to perfection. He also wore a dazzling diamond bracelet that Victoria had bought him especially from Cartier last year. David’s best man, Manchester United team-mate Gary Neville, stood by the groom’s side, waiting patiently for Victoria’s entrance. His frock coat, and the jackets, waistcoats and ties worn by the Manchester United team attending the wedding, were supplied and fitted by Moss Bros in Manchester and Kenny Ho, Victoria’s stylist. As Victoria arrived at the folly chapel, she was greeted with a trumpet fanfare by pageanters positioned on the roof dressed in traditional Irish costume. The stone steps up to the folly chapel had been garlanded in ivy, woven with woodland flowers and ferns, forming a magical leafy tunnel up to the main door. Inside the tiny folly chapel, a string quartet – The Festive Ensemble – had been entertaining the guests with classical pieces including Serenade by Schubert, Intermezzo Sinfonico from Cavelleria Rusticana, by Mascagni and Dvorak’s Humoreske. But at 4.32pm they launched into the melody everyone had been waiting for – Bridal Song from Lohengrin by Wagner – as Victoria was escorted into the folly on the arm of her proud but clearly tearful father, Tony. At the altar, David – cradling the sleeping Brooklyn in his arms – smiled in wonder and sheer delight as he saw Victoria for the very first time in her beautiful dress. Baby Brooklyn, who was as important a part of the day as his mother and father, was dressed in cream-coloured combat trousers, little cream boots, and a cream shirt with his name embroidered on the back. A cream cowboy hat completed the striking and elegant Antonio Beradi-designed ensemble. The interior of the folly chapel, its walls and ceiling covered in ivy and twinkling with tiny white lights, was packed with the couple’s closest family and friends, including the three other Spice Girls, Mel B, Emma Bunton and Mel C. The orchestra – a concert harp, violin, flute and cello player – were set up at the back of the room. At the ceremony began the background sounds were of the stream tumbling over rocks below and under the folly itself and the distant thud, thud of press helicopters hovering overhead. The Right Reverend Paul Colton, Bishop of Cork, introduced proceedings by underlining David and Victoria’s commitment to having a traditional Christian marriage service. ‘They have chosen to be married according to the rites of the Church of Ireland,’ he said, ‘and we are their supporters.’ At the altar, David and Victoria exchanged glances and smiles. The reading, delivered by Reverend Lynda Peilow, the curate of the local parish in Clonsilla, was from John 1. 9-12: ‘As the father has loved me, so I have loved you; abide in my love.’ As the words were read, David leaned across and tenderly placed a kiss on Victoria’s right shoulder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4337592124938965, "source": "search", "title": "Victoria and David Beckham Wedding" }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "David holding baby Brooklyn with Victoria in Vera Wang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.879962921142578, "source": "search", "title": "David Beckham weds Victoria Adams in Dublin castle" }, { "answer": "Vera Wang", "passage": "Victoria wore a tightly fitting ivory wedding dress designed by Vera Wang. It was accessorized with a diamond coronet created for her by jewellery designer Slim Barrett . The bride’s attire was matched by David’s ivory and cream suit. Their purple party reception outfits were designed by Antonio Berardi pictured right.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.740708827972412, "source": "search", "title": "David Beckham weds Victoria Adams in Dublin castle" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kyoko Chan Cox", "passage": "John Charles Julian Lennon (born 8 April 1963) is a British musician and photographer. He is the first child of John Lennon with his first wife, Cynthia. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was his godfather. He has a younger half-brother, Sean Lennon, and a stepsister, Kyoko Chan Cox. Lennon was named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon. ", "precise_score": 5.720550060272217, "rough_score": 5.775557518005371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Half-brother of Sean Lennon and step brother of Kyoko Ono Cox .", "precise_score": -2.679361343383789, "rough_score": -4.215538024902344, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Julian's inheritance from father John Lennon 's estate was a small one--a $250,000 trust fund set up when he was a toddler, which he refused to touch when he received it at age 25. Was given several large cash gifts from Yoko Ono years later; nonetheless, he has said he'd rather have had some of John Lennon 's song copyrights and other possessions of his to share with his Lennon relatives in England.", "precise_score": -0.7962386608123779, "rough_score": -3.5042660236358643, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Julian's mother, Cynthia Lennon, was in attendance at his first photographic show - and so was Yoko Ono and her son - his half-brother - Sean Lennon", "precise_score": 7.177030563354492, "rough_score": 7.987301349639893, "source": "search", "title": "John Lennon's son Julian fears Yoko Ono and Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "British song writer, musician, singer and noted family, the son of John Lennon and his first wife, Cynthia. With an uncanny resemblance to his father, Julian has spent some years trying to get out from under his father's musical shadow. Hidden in the background with his mother while his father became an international pop star with \"The Beatles,\" the young boy felt abandoned and rejected. He later said that he learned from his dad how not to be a father, speaking of all the pain he suffered from his father's neglect when he was a child. In an interview, he talked about Paul McCartney's kindness in visiting and playing games with him in the backyard when he was a kid while his dad remained absent with Yoko Ono. At one point, he said that McCartney felt more like a caring father than his own dad. McCartney wrote the song \"Hey Jude\" to Julian to help the kid cope with his parents marital break-up.", "precise_score": 2.0140578746795654, "rough_score": 2.029142141342163, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon, horoscope for birth date 8 April 1963, born ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Once John Lennon left to live in New York with his wife Yoko Ono, visitations to his son became sporadic. When Julian visited his father in America the two found common ground in playing music together. Father and son became closer after Julian showed his father his songwriting abilities.", "precise_score": 1.1347953081130981, "rough_score": -4.505618572235107, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon, horoscope for birth date 8 April 1963, born ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Lennon has had a few relationships, but prefers to spend his time working on his music. He lives in New York and Los Angeles and visits his mom in England. He drives a 1957 green Austin-Healey Sprite. At 26, he shared a $250,000 trust fund with his half-brother Sean, which is separate from John Lennon's estate. Though he dearly loves his half-brother, Sean, his relationship to his step-mother remains prickly. Yoko Ono owns the whole John Lennon estate and Julian believes his step-mother sees him as someone only concerned with getting his hands on his late father's estate. He is concerned that John's family are taken care of in Liverpool.", "precise_score": 5.902997016906738, "rough_score": 6.970249176025391, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon, horoscope for birth date 8 April 1963, born ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Julian Lennon, the son of murdered Beatles star John, has revealed his bitterness that his father was so often absent. In a message posted on www.julianlennon.com, he blamed John's fear of fatherhood and his relationship with Yoko Ono for the distance that came between them.", "precise_score": 1.6963063478469849, "rough_score": -3.40594220161438, "source": "search", "title": "John's Children - Sean Lennon and Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Family: Julian Lennon with his father John and his stepmother Yoko Ono", "precise_score": 3.7342422008514404, "rough_score": 4.136101245880127, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon hits out at Paul McCartney over wedding ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Following his father's infidelity with Yoko Ono, Lennon's parents divorced when he was five. Paul McCartney wrote \"Hey Jude\" to console him over the divorce; originally called \"Hey Jules\", McCartney changed the name because he thought that \"Jude\" was an easier name to sing. After his parents' divorce, Lennon had almost no contact with his father until the early 1970s when, at the request of his father's then short-term girlfriend, May Pang (Yoko Ono and Lennon had temporarily separated), he began to visit his father regularly. John Lennon bought him a Gibson Les Paul guitar and a drum machine for Christmas 1973, and encouraged his interest in music by showing him some chords. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.987930297851562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.91075325012207, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "The anti-war, black comedy How I Won the War, featuring Lennon's only appearance in a non–Beatles full-length film, was shown in cinemas in October 1967. McCartney organised the group's first post-Epstein project, the self-written, -produced and -directed television film Magical Mystery Tour, released in December that year. While the film itself proved to be their first critical flop, its soundtrack release, featuring Lennon's acclaimed, Lewis Carroll-inspired \"I Am the Walrus\", was a success. With Epstein gone, the band members became increasingly involved in business activities, and in February 1968 they formed Apple Corps, a multimedia corporation composed of Apple Records and several other subsidiary companies. Lennon described the venture as an attempt to achieve, \"artistic freedom within a business structure\", but his increased drug experimentation and growing preoccupation with Yoko Ono, and McCartney's own marriage plans, left Apple in need of professional management. Lennon asked Lord Beeching to take on the role, but he declined, advising Lennon to go back to making records. Lennon approached Allen Klein, who had managed The Rolling Stones and other bands during the British Invasion. Klein was appointed as Apple's chief executive by Lennon, Harrison and Starr, but McCartney never signed the management contract.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.144481658935547, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Yoko Ono", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474928855895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Lennon's most intense feelings were reserved for McCartney. In addition to attacking him through the lyrics of \"How Do You Sleep?\", Lennon argued with him through the press for three years after the group split. The two later began to reestablish something of the close friendship they had once known, and in 1974, they even played music together again before eventually growing apart once more. Lennon said that during McCartney's final visit, in April 1976, they watched the episode of Saturday Night Live in which Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer to get the Beatles to reunite on the show. The pair considered going to the studio to make a joke appearance, attempting to claim their share of the money, but were too tired. Lennon summarised his feelings towards McCartney in an interview three days before his death: \"Throughout my career, I've selected to work with... only two people: Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono... That ain't bad picking.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.393311500549316, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "In 2013, Downtown Music Publishing signed a publishing administration agreement for the US with Lenono Music and Ono Music, home to the song catalogues of John Lennon and Yoko Ono respectively. Under the terms of the agreement, Downtown represents Lennon's solo works – including \"Imagine\", \"Instant Karma (We All Shine On)\", \"Power to the People\", \"Happy X-Mas (War Is Over)\", \"Jealous Guy\", \"(Just Like) Starting Over\" and others. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.914671897888184, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "* Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins (with Yoko Ono) (1968)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479639053344727, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "* Unfinished Music No. 2: Life with the Lions (with Yoko Ono) (1969)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.500393867492676, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "* Wedding Album (with Yoko Ono) (1969)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509815216064453, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "* Some Time in New York City (with Yoko Ono) (1972)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.539802551269531, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "* Double Fantasy (with Yoko Ono) (1980)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489336967468262, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "* Milk and Honey (with Yoko Ono) (1984)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.452264785766602, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Had a \"bad boy\" period in his teen years, forming and dissolving bands overnight with names like \"The Lennon Drops\" and \"The Lennon Kittens\", and letting himself be photographed washing dishes in a hotel, much the same as his grandfather \"Freddy\" Lennon had in the Sixties. Mother Cynthia Lennon finally made him move out of her house, tired of his bringing would-be collaborators home at all hours, while stepmother Yoko Ono gave him a $100 a week allowance to stop him working menial jobs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.20470666885376, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Stepson of Yoko Ono .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.066289901733398, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "He has had a long and troubled relationship with his stepmother, Yoko Ono .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.999531745910645, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "John Lennon's son Julian fears Yoko Ono and Paul McCartney are trying to obliterate him from history | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.545922756195068, "source": "search", "title": "John Lennon's son Julian fears Yoko Ono and Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Peace was said to have broken out in the extended Lennon family last year. After a lifetime scarred by a bitter feud with his stepmother Yoko Ono, Julian Lennon arranged a most unlikely reunion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.7603278160095215, "source": "search", "title": "John Lennon's son Julian fears Yoko Ono and Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "And when Yoko Ono came onto the scene in 1967, precipitating the break-up of his parents’ marriage when Julian was just five, he was firmly ousted from his father’s life. They didn’t see one another for months, even years, at a time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.948934555053711, "source": "search", "title": "John Lennon's son Julian fears Yoko Ono and Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "The son of Yoko Ono and John, Sean had everything Julian didn’t.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.856369972229004, "source": "search", "title": "John Lennon's son Julian fears Yoko Ono and Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Julian Lennon slams Yoko Ono and talks of John Lennon and Paul McCartney in this interview on You Tube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.303175449371338, "source": "search", "title": "WEHT Julian Lennon - the DataLounge" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "I remember in 1970 an art show was shut down after it displayed drawings John had made of him and Yoko in various sexual positions. One of the drawings depicted John performing oral sex on Yoko, another one depicted the couple involved in anal sex. The owner of the gallery was charged and later acquitted for 'corruption of public morality,' for displaying the drawings. If John was able to perform oral sex on Yoko Ono, I seriously don't put the sex with Paul McCartney rumours past him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.246671676635742, "source": "search", "title": "WEHT Julian Lennon - the DataLounge" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "His relationship with John was never close and he saw little of him after his marriage to Yoko Ono.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.464146614074707, "source": "search", "title": "John's Children - Sean Lennon and Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "After many miscarriages Yoko Ono gave birth to a son, Sean Ono Lennon, on 9 October 1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.052370071411133, "source": "search", "title": "John's Children - Sean Lennon and Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Whatever the truth, Sean grew up with a present father and a strong mother in Yoko Ono.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.568331718444824, "source": "search", "title": "John's Children - Sean Lennon and Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Yoko Ono was an artist and musician of repute long before she ever met John Lennon in London in 1966, although her art was more widely known for its notoriety.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.661117553710938, "source": "search", "title": "John's Children - Sean Lennon and Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "But Yoko Ono's relationship with her son Sean remains warm. © BBC", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29061222076416, "source": "search", "title": "John's Children - Sean Lennon and Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "In his message he speaks with warmth about his half-brother Sean, Yoko Ono and John's son.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277655601501465, "source": "search", "title": "John's Children - Sean Lennon and Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Yoko Ono has marked the anniversary of his death with an appeal for the world to reflect on the horrors of \"gun violence\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.512813568115234, "source": "search", "title": "John's Children - Sean Lennon and Julian Lennon" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "After John left Julian’s mom for Yoko Ono , father and son were estranged for a period – something Julian has expressed bitterness about – but reconnected in the early ’70s. At that point, John fostered Julian’s musical interests, buying him a guitar and showing him a few chords. Julian ended up following in his father’s footsteps, becoming a pop star with 1984’s platinum-selling ‘ Valotte ’ album. Although his subsequent recordings haven’t matched that success, Julian has continued to release records, collaborating on a single with Aerosmith ’s Steven Tyler in 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.611827850341797, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles' Children: Where Are They Now? - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "In other interviews, Julian has expressed feelings of neglect when his father had son Sean with Yoko Ono, claiming he felt emotionally abandoned and left out once Sean arrived.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.298467636108398, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon Concerned About Repeating John Lennon’s Life ..." }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Kyoko Ono Cox - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.492486953735352, "source": "search", "title": "Kyoko Ono Cox - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Kyoko Ono Cox", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.53341007232666, "source": "search", "title": "Kyoko Ono Cox - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Kyoko Chan Cox", "passage": "Kyoko Chan Cox", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.543066024780273, "source": "search", "title": "Kyoko Ono Cox - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Kyoko Ono Cox was born on August 8, 1963 in Tokyo, Japan as Kyoko Chan Cox.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.461006164550781, "source": "search", "title": "Kyoko Ono Cox - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Reunited with Yoko Ono and met her half-brother, Sean Lennon , for the first time. [1997]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.078499794006348, "source": "search", "title": "Kyoko Ono Cox - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Yoko Ono", "passage": "Intriguingly, Julian’s 36-year-old half-brother Sean – Lennon’s son with widow Yoko Ono, 78 - did attend both Sir Paul’s New York reception and the Love anniversary. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.185093402862549, "source": "search", "title": "Julian Lennon hits out at Paul McCartney over wedding ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson - Brief Summary - An African American operatic and concert singer that was renowned thoughtout the world for her extraordinary contralto voice. The first African American to sing at the Metropolitan Opera. The following web resource has related information: Marian Anderson - A Voice of Hope", "precise_score": 7.973667144775391, "rough_score": 6.775984764099121, "source": "search", "title": "Marion Anderson - Contralto Opera Singer on Pinterest ..." }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Boghetti urged Anderson to enter a national contest sponsored by the New York Philharmonic.  Competing among 300 contenders in vocal music, Marian Anderson placed first. This led to a concert in 1925 at Lewisohn Stadium in New York City, singing “O Mio Fernando” by Donizetti, accompanied by the New York Philharmonic.  The reviews this time were more enthusiastic.  She was also able to appear with the Hall Johnson Choir at Carnegie Hall. She signed with manager and teacher, Frank LaForge. LaForge did not, however, advance her career much. Mostly she performed for black American audiences.  She decided to study in Europe.", "precise_score": -2.3724818229675293, "rough_score": -7.214563369750977, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Earlier in her career, Marian Anderson had refused several invitations to perform in operas, noting that she did not have acting training.  But in 1954, when she was invited to sing with the Metropolitan Opera in New York by Met manager Rudolf Bing, she accepted the role of Ulrica in Verdi’s Un Ballo in Maschera (A Masked Ball), debuting on January 7 , 1955.", "precise_score": -0.36800965666770935, "rough_score": -6.919437408447266, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "She graduated from the High School of Music and Art in Manhattan and in 1951 and 1952 received the Marian Anderson Award. The prize, for young singers, was established in 1943 by Ms. Anderson, the first black singer to appear at the Met.", "precise_score": 2.4415738582611084, "rough_score": -6.682422161102295, "source": "search", "title": "Gloria Davy, First African-American to Sing Aida at the ..." }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Nine years after Ms. Williams’s City Opera debut, contralto Marian Anderson became the first black singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera. Anderson had drawn national attention in 1939 when, after being turned away from Constitution Hall because of her race, she stood on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and sang “America” in a concert heard by millions on the radio .", "precise_score": 9.93167781829834, "rough_score": 7.984874725341797, "source": "search", "title": "Camilla Williams, an acclaimed soprano who broke racial ..." }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Williams' debut with the New York City Opera on May 15, 1946, was thought to make her the first African American woman to appear with a major U.S. opera company and came nearly nine years before Marian Anderson became the first African American singer to appear at New York's more prestigious Metropolitan Opera.", "precise_score": 6.046401023864746, "rough_score": 3.1056082248687744, "source": "search", "title": "Camilla Williams obituary: Opera singer who broke race ..." }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson, the most celebrated contralto of the twentieth century, was born in Philadelphia on February 27, 1897 to an African-American family of modest means. Living at Fitzwater and Martin Streets in South Philadelphia, her father sold coal and ice and her mother was originally a school teacher.", "precise_score": 0.03624129295349121, "rough_score": -6.323479175567627, "source": "search", "title": "The Marian Anderson Award | Marian Anderson" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Ms. Anderson continued her acclaimed concert performances throughout the U.S. and Europe, but it was not until 1945 that the color barrier in opera fell, when baritone Todd Duncan became the first African-American male and Camila Williams became the first African-American female to appear – both at the New York City Opera company. The nation’s foremost opera company – the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York – was still closed to black singers, until Marian Anderson was invited by the Met’s General Manager Rudolph Bing in 1954 to join the opera company. She made her long-overdue debut at the Metropolitan in January, 1955, in the role of Ulrica in Un Ballo in Maschera by Verdi.", "precise_score": 6.396029949188232, "rough_score": 2.794870615005493, "source": "search", "title": "The Marian Anderson Award | Marian Anderson" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Among the most significant achievements of Bing's tenure was the opening of the Met's artistic roster to include singers of color. Marian Anderson's historic 1955 debut was followed by the introduction of a gifted generation of African American artists led by Leontyne Price (who inaugurated the new house at Lincoln Center), Reri Grist, Grace Bumbry, Shirley Verrett, Martina Arroyo, George Shirley, Robert McFerrin, and many others. Other celebrated singers who debuted at the Met during Bing's tenure include: Roberta Peters, Victoria de los Ángeles, Renata Tebaldi, Maria Callas, who had a bitter falling out with Bing over repertoire,, Birgit Nilsson, Joan Sutherland, Régine Crespin, Mirella Freni, Renata Scotto, Montserrat Caballé, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Anna Moffo, James McCracken, Carlo Bergonzi, Franco Corelli, Alfredo Kraus, Plácido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Luciano Pavarotti, Jon Vickers, Tito Gobbi, Sherrill Milnes, and Cesare Siepi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.486458778381348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Metropolitan Opera" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.488675117492676, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson, Contralto", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.654016494750977, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson Facts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443366050720215, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson was known first as an incredible concert singer.  Her vocal range was almost three octaves, from low D to high C.  She was able to express a broad range of feeling and mood, appropriate to the language, composer and period of the songs she sang.  She specialized in 19th century German lieder and 18th century classical and sacred songs by Bach and Handel, plus others composed by French and Russian composers.  She sang songs by Sibelius, the Finnish composer, and on tour met him; he dedicated one of his songs to her.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.2313871383667, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson Biography", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449422836303711, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson was born in Philadelphia, probably in 1897 or 1898 though she gave 1902 as her birth year and some biographies give a date as late as 1908.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203936576843262, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson’s father died in 1910, either of work injuries or of a brain tumor (sources differ).  The family moved in with Marian’s paternal grandparents. Marian’s mother, who had been a schoolteacher in Lynchburg before moving to Philadelphia just before she married, did laundry to support the family and later worked as a cleaning woman in a department store.  After Marian graduated from grammar Anderson’s mother became seriously ill with the flu, and Marian took some time off from school to raise money with her singing to help support the family. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.218542098999023, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson was accepted at Yale University, but she did not have the funds to attend. She received a musical scholarship in 1921 from the National Association of Negro Musicians, the first scholarship they gave.  She had been in Chicago in 1919 at the first meeting of the organization.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.469141006469727, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Coming off her success in Scandinavia, in 1934 Marian Anderson had her Paris debut in May. She followed France with a tour in Europe, including England, Spain, Italy, Poland, the Soviet Union and Latvia.  In 1935, she won the Prix de Chant in Paris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.766429901123047, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Her first American concert was a return to Town Hall in New York City, on December 30 , 1935.  She hid a broken foot and cast well. Critics raved about her performance.  Howard Taubman, then New York Times critic (and later ghost writer of her autobiography), wrote, “Let it be said from the outset, Marian Anderson has returned to her native land one of the great singers of our time.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.264982223510742, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "And so, on April 9 , Easter Sunday, 1939, Marian Anderson performed on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. An interracial crowd of 75,000 heard her sing in person.  And so did millions of others: the concert was broadcast on radio.  She opened with “My Country ‘Tis of Thee.” The program also included “Ave Maria” by Schubert, “America,” “Gospel Train” and “My Soul Is Anchored in the Lord.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.335875511169434, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "On July 2, in Richmond, Virginia, Eleanor Roosevelt presented Marian Anderson with the Spingam Medal, an NAACP award.  In 1941, she won the Bok Award in Philadelphia, and used the award money for a scholarship fund for singers of any race.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.947216987609863, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson married in 1943, after years of rumors.  Her husband, Orpheus Fischer, known as King, was an architect. They had known each other in high school when she stayed at his family’s home after a benefit concert in Wilmington, Delaware; he had later married and had a son.  The couple moved to a farm in Connecticut, 105 acres in Danbury, which they called Marianna Farms. King designed a home and many outbuildings on the property, including a studio for Marian’s music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.133150100708008, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson retired from concert tours in 1965.  Her farewell tour included 50 American cities.  Her final concert was on Easter Sunday at Carnegie Hall. After her retirement, she lectured, and sometimes narrated recordings, including the “Lincoln Portrait” by Aaron Copeland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.251510620117188, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "After a series of strokes, Marian Anderson died of heart failure in Portland in 1993, at age 96.  Her ashes were interred in Philadelphia, in her mother’s grave at Eden Cemetery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18725299835205, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Sources for Marian Anderson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410090446472168, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson’s papers are at the University of Pennsylvania, in the Annenberg Rare Book and Manuscript Library.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.330826759338379, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Books About Marian Anderson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.440825462341309, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Kosti Vehanen, the Finnish pianist who accompanied her on tour early in her career, wrote a memoir of their relationship of some 10 years in 1941 as Marian Anderson: A Portrait.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.105208396911621, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Allan Kellers published a biography of Anderson in 2000 as Marian Anderson: A Singer’s Journey.  He had the cooperation of Anderson family members in writing this treatment of her life. Russell Freedman published The Voice That Challenged a Nation: Marian Anderson and the Struggle for Equal Rights in 2004 for elementary school readers; as the title indicates, this treatment of her life and career especially emphasizes the impact on the civil rights movement. In 2008, Victoria Garrett Jones published Marian Anderson: A Voice Uplifted, also for elementary school readers. Pam Munoz Ryan’s When Marian Sang: The True Recital of Marian Anderson is for preschool and early elementary students.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.961350440979004, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Among Marian Anderson’s many awards:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.486210823059082, "source": "search", "title": "Marian Anderson, Contralto: Biography and Facts" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "She had been inspired first to pursue singing  upon hearing a Marian Anderson concert when she was nine years old. Her parents encouraged her to learn piano and to sing in the church choir. So after graduation from college, Leontyne Price went to New York, where she studied at the Juilliard School of Music, with Florence Page Kimball guiding her as she would continue to do. Her full scholarship at Juilliard was supplemented by a generous family friend, Elizabeth Chisholm, who covered most of the living expenses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.143577575683594, "source": "search", "title": "Leontyne Price , New York Met Opera Star - Women's History" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "She was valedictorian of her high school and graduated in 1941 from what is now Virginia State University, a historically black institution. She received a scholarship to study music in Philadelphia with Marion Szekely Freschl, a voice instructor who also taught Anderson and Verrett . Twice in the 1940s, she won the Marian Anderson Award for young musicians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.071089744567871, "source": "search", "title": "Camilla Williams, an acclaimed soprano who broke racial ..." }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "The Marian Anderson Award | Marian Anderson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450446128845215, "source": "search", "title": "The Marian Anderson Award | Marian Anderson" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "When Marian was six years old, her family began attending Union Baptist Church close to their home, where she began her musical career, singing in the Junior Choir. Growing up with music, Marian Anderson earned money scrubbing steps to purchase a violin. Her father bought her a piano, which she taught herself to play, remembering some of the simpler melodies played by the church’s pianist. Money earned from odd jobs went toward piano lessons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.943792343139648, "source": "search", "title": "The Marian Anderson Award | Marian Anderson" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "Marian Anderson played a vital role in the acceptance of African-American musicians in the classical musical world and world culture. Her grace and virtuosity remains a model for all, and her voice remains a great legacy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.622575759887695, "source": "search", "title": "The Marian Anderson Award | Marian Anderson" }, { "answer": "Marian Anderson", "passage": "On April 8, 1993, Marian Anderson died at the age of 96 in Portland, Oregon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.267877578735352, "source": "search", "title": "The Marian Anderson Award | Marian Anderson" } ]

[ { "answer": "Greg Louganis", "passage": "Barcelona, 1992: With the brilliance of Gaudi's La Sagrada Familia cathedral as a backdrop, 16-year-old Sun Shuwei of China starred, becoming the youngest diver to win a men's Olympic title. With Greg Louganis retired, Sun, the pre-Games favorite, took the lead on the fourth dive of the final and never relinquished it. American Mark Lenzi succeeded Louganis as springboard champion.", "precise_score": 6.17479133605957, "rough_score": 6.235738754272461, "source": "search", "title": "Diving 101: Olympic history | NBC Olympics" }, { "answer": "Greg Louganis", "passage": "Seoul, 1988: Greg Louganis became the second diver (first man) to sweep the springboard and platform titles at back-to-back Games. But unlike in 1984, this double was difficult. On his ninth dive of the springboard preliminary round, he struck the board with the back of his head, opening a gash that required four stitches. The fortitude Louganis showed wasn't truly understood by most observers until six years later, when he went public with the fact that he was HIV-positive at the time. In the final, after opening a 20-point lead, Louganis had to repeat the dive on which he was injured: a reverse 2 1/2 somersault in the pike position. Clearing the board with room to spare, he went on to win gold. A week later, in the platform final, Louganis nailed his toughest dive, a reverse 3 1/2 somersault, to edge China's Xiong Ni by 1.14 points for his fourth Olympic title.", "precise_score": 4.304030895233154, "rough_score": 6.811784744262695, "source": "search", "title": "Diving 101: Olympic history | NBC Olympics" }, { "answer": "Greg Louganis", "passage": "*United States: Hobie Billingsley, Phil Boggs, David Boudia, Lesley Bush, Jennifer Chandler, Mary Ellen Clark, Scott Donie, Troy Dumais, Michael Galitzen, Barbara Gilders, Fletcher Gilders, Kristian Ipsen, Bruce Kimball, Micki King, Dana Kunze, Beatrice Kyle, Sammy Lee, Mark Lenzi, Greg Louganis, Pat McCormick, Cynthia Potter, Aileen Riggin, Jeanne Stunyo, Laura Wilkinson, Wendy Wyland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82359504699707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Diving" }, { "answer": "Greg Louganis", "passage": "...U.S. diving's glory days are graying alongside four-time gold medalist Greg Louganis, who worked the trials crowd one day last week with a signing pen and a handshake...That reality has U.S. diving officials trying to maximize the U.S. team's medal potential, even at the cost of some trials controversy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.812518119812012, "source": "search", "title": "USAdiver.com - The Best Site for Springboard Divers and ..." }, { "answer": "Greg Louganis", "passage": "London, 2012: The United States saw its most successful Games in 24 years, bagging four medals. Team USA's David Boudia topped the podium in the men's individual 10m platform, becoming the first American to win the event since Greg Louganis' back-to-back wins in 1984 and 1988. The Americans' other medals came in the men's synchronized 10m (bronze) and 3m synchronized springboard (bronze). The final American medal came from Kelci Bryant and Abby Johnston, who picked up silver in the synchronized 3m - the first-ever American medal in the event.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.9312973022460938, "source": "search", "title": "Diving 101: Olympic history | NBC Olympics" }, { "answer": "Greg Louganis", "passage": "London, 1948: At the first post-war Olympics, 28-year-old Korean-American Army doctor Sammy Lee won the first of his two consecutive platform gold medals. Lee, who added a springboard bronze in London, also showed his medical prowess after teammate Miller Anderson was slightly injured on a platform dive. Lee provided first aid before Anderson was taken to the hospital and kept overnight. Lee, the first Asian-American man to win an Olympic medal, later coached Bob Webster to gold medals in 1960 and 1964 and Greg Louganis to a silver medal in 1976.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.9027934074401855, "source": "search", "title": "Diving 101: Olympic history | NBC Olympics" }, { "answer": "Greg Louganis", "passage": "Gregory Louganis - Regarded as one of the greatest divers of all time, Greg Louganis’ Olympic medals sit alongside 47 national championships and six world championships.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.214239120483398, "source": "search", "title": "Famous Olympians - geni family tree" }, { "answer": "Greg Louganis", "passage": "Two-time Olympic Gold medal diver Greg Louganis is the only man in Olympic history to sweep the springboard and platform diving events in consecutive Olympic Games.  The recent HBO documentary about him, Greg Louganis: Back on Board, includes a touching moment when the famed diver — the best the U.S. has ever had — speaks mournfully of never being put on the front of a Wheaties box. It's an iconic honor, which skipped him as an out gay man who is also HIV-positive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.870635032653809, "source": "search", "title": "The Greatest Athletes Who Never Got a Wheaties Box ..." }, { "answer": "Louganis", "passage": "So far nearly 50,000 people have petitioned General Mills to right the wrong and put Louganis on a cereal box. All of that enthusiasm has us dreaming about a world in which LGBT athletes are valued in sports. Can you imagine, as a young gay man, sitting down for breakfast with Louganis on the box? That's exactly what we did, and then we started imagining other LGBT sports heroes who deserve to be recognized...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05364990234375, "source": "search", "title": "The Greatest Athletes Who Never Got a Wheaties Box ..." }, { "answer": "Louganis", "passage": "There hasn't ever been another American diver of Louganis's stature. He's the best. U.K. Olympic diver Tom Daley, who is also rather famously engaged to American screenwriter Dustin Lance Black, is looking forward to next year's Summer Olympics in Rio. He won bronze at the London 2012 Olympics in the individual competition in front of the hometown crowd. He was Britain's youngest competitor at the games before that in Beijing in 2008. And he's the country's youngest-ever world champion. If he does well, maybe it's time for a global approach to Wheaties?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.397733211517334, "source": "search", "title": "The Greatest Athletes Who Never Got a Wheaties Box ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "He was influenced by fellow student and Anglican priest Peter Thomson, who awakened his religious faith and left-wing politics. While Blair was at Oxford, his mother Hazel died of cancer, which greatly affected him. After graduating from Oxford in 1975 with a Second-Class Honours B.A. in Jurisprudence, Blair became a member of Lincoln's Inn, enrolled as a pupil barrister, and met his future wife, Cherie Booth (daughter of the actor Tony Booth) at the law chambers founded by Derry Irvine (who was to be Blair's first Lord Chancellor), 11 King's Bench Walk Chambers.", "precise_score": -1.5347224473953247, "rough_score": -3.7638111114501953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tony Blair" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas, and is an alumnus of Georgetown University, where he was a member of Kappa Kappa Psi and Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, who was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and who is the Democratic nominee for president in 2016. Both Clintons earned law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as chairman of the National Governors Association.", "precise_score": -0.06231417879462242, "rough_score": -3.0778350830078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bill Clinton" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "Clinton received a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service (B.S.F.S.) degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. , where he became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega , worked for Senator J. William Fulbright , was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College, Oxford . While at Oxford, he played rugby union as a lock , and later in life he played for the Little Rock Rugby club in Arkansas. There he also participated in the Vietnam War protest movement . After Oxford, Clinton obtained a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Yale Law School in 1973. While at Yale, he began dating classmate Hillary Rodham . They married in 1975 and their only child, Chelsea , was born in 1980. Clinton is a member of Kappa Kappa Psi National Honorary Band Fraternity, Inc.", "precise_score": 0.30607613921165466, "rough_score": -4.914821624755859, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Clinton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "After Fettes, Blair spent a year in London, where he attempted to find fame as a rock music promoter before reading Jurisprudence at St John's College, at the University of Oxford. As a student, he played guitar and sang in a rock band called Ugly Rumours. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.98038911819458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tony Blair" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "Blair joined the Labour Party shortly after graduating from Oxford in 1975. In the early 1980s, he was involved in Labour politics in Hackney South and Shoreditch, where he aligned himself with the \"soft left\" of the party. He put himself forward as a candidate for the Hackney council elections of 1982 in Queensbridge ward, a safe Labour area, but was not selected.John Rentoul, Tony Blair, Warner Books, 1996, p. 101.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.835207939147949, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tony Blair" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "A longer exploration of his faith can be found in an interview with Third Way Magazine. There he says that \"I was brought up as [a Christian], but I was not in any real sense a practising one until I went to Oxford. There was an Australian priest at the same college as me who got me interested again. In a sense, it was a rediscovery of religion as something living, that was about the world around me rather than some sort of special one-to-one relationship with a remote Being on high. Suddenly I began to see its social relevance. I began to make sense of the world\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419353485107422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tony Blair" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "Upon graduation, he won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College, Oxford where he studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics, though because he had switched programs and had left early for Yale University, he did not receive a degree there. He developed an interest in rugby union, playing at Oxford and later for the Little Rock Rugby club in Arkansas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.357681274414062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bill Clinton" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "While at Oxford he also participated in Vietnam War protests and organized an October 1969 Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam event.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490330696105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bill Clinton" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "After Oxford, Clinton attended Yale Law School and earned a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree in 1973. In the Yale Law Library in 1971 he met fellow law student Hillary Rodham, who was a year ahead of him. They began dating and soon were inseparable. After only about a month, Clinton postponed his plans to be a coordinator for the George McGovern campaign for the 1972 United States presidential election in order to move in with her in California. They married on October 11, 1975, and their only child, Chelsea, was born on February 27, 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.0429205894470215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bill Clinton" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "Various colleges and universities have awarded Clinton honorary degrees, including Doctorate of Law degrees and Doctor of Humane Letters degrees. He is an Honorary Fellow of University College, Oxford, which he attended as a Rhodes Scholar. Schools have been named for Clinton, and statues have been built to pay him homage. U.S. states where he has been honored include Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, and New York. He was presented with the Medal for Distinguished Public Service by Secretary of Defense William Cohen in 2001. The Clinton Presidential Center was opened in Little Rock, Arkansas in his honor on December 5, 2001. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8460493087768555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bill Clinton" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "Graduated from Oxford University in 1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.384557723999023, "source": "search", "title": "Tony Blair - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oxford", "passage": "Studied law at St. John's College, Oxford University 1972-1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.97904109954834, "source": "search", "title": "Tony Blair - Biography - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "James", "passage": "During the 29 years of their marriage, they had four children: in addition to her daughter Heather from her first marriage (who Paul later formally adopted), Paul was the biological father of Mary (born in London August 28, 1969), Stella (born September 13, 1971) and James (born September 12, 1977 in London).", "precise_score": 1.3721567392349243, "rough_score": -5.401974201202393, "source": "wiki", "title": "Linda McCartney" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Paul McCartney’s son James has spoken for the first time about the pair’s former rift, his past drug habit and how he “didn’t like” stepmother Heather Mills.", "precise_score": 4.4327898025512695, "rough_score": -2.952768564224243, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son speaks of drugs, family rifts and his ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Paul McCartney's son James McCartney at the New York City Ballet gala Photo: Photo by Gary Gershoff/WireImage", "precise_score": 3.53399395942688, "rough_score": -1.8221209049224854, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son speaks of drugs, family rifts and his ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney, a 35-year-old musician, has disclosed how he had slept in a bed with his father Paul, to cope with the grief of losing his mother Linda.", "precise_score": 2.179551124572754, "rough_score": 2.5107436180114746, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son speaks of drugs, family rifts and his ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Praising his wife was an occupational as well as an emotional habit for McCartney, 55, who wrote dozens of love songs to her during their 29-year marriage. Indeed, his was the last voice she heard as she lay dying, surrounded by her four children—Heather, 35, Mary, 27, Stella, 26, and James, 20. While press reports gave Santa Barbara, Calif., as her place of death, McCartney is now believed to have died in Tucson, at the family’s 150-acre ranch. An official in the Santa Barbara County coroner’s office said, “There has been no death certificate filed,” and a source close to the family told PEOPLE that Linda in fact died in Tucson. In either case, “the kids and I were there when she crossed over,” said McCartney in a statement. “They each were able to tell her how much they loved her. Finally I said to her, ‘You’re up on your beautiful Appaloosa stallion. It’s a fine spring day…and the sky is clear blue.’ I had barely got to the end of the sentence when she closed her eyes and gently slipped away.”", "precise_score": -1.4243671894073486, "rough_score": -5.82034969329834, "source": "search", "title": "Paul's Lovely Linda : People.com" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Two days after Linda died, her first husband, Joseph See, got a call from their tearful daughter Heather. “She said, ‘Mommy has passed away in the arms of Daddy,’ ” says a distraught See. Brian Clarke, who strolled with Paul as he fed the horses on his Sussex estate the Monday after Linda’s passing, says Paul is “feeling what most people feel when this happens: loneliness, fear, just trying to keep your head up.” McCartney has been greatly consoled by his son James, a fledgling musician who played guitar on his father’s last album, Flaming Pie. “He’s been a tremendous help,” says Clarke. “James has inherited much of his mother’s strength.”", "precise_score": 4.26743745803833, "rough_score": 1.0985369682312012, "source": "search", "title": "Paul's Lovely Linda : People.com" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Three children with Paul McCartney : photographer Mary McCartney (Donald), top fashion designer Stella McCartney and musician/sculptor James McCartney .", "precise_score": 3.638777732849121, "rough_score": -3.0892393589019775, "source": "search", "title": "Linda McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Grandmother of five boys and one girl, all born after her death: Mary McCartney 's three sons Arthur Alistair Donald (b. 3 April 1999) and Elliot Donald (b. 1 August 2002), and Sam Aboud (b. 11 August 2008) and Stella McCartney 's two sons Miller Alasdhair James Willis (b. 25 Feburary 2005), and Beckett Robert Lee (b. 8 January 2008), and daughter Bailey Linda Olwyn Willis (b. 8 December 2006).", "precise_score": 3.667668104171753, "rough_score": -1.4464170932769775, "source": "search", "title": "Linda McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney’s Son Finds His Own Wings – Smashing Interviews Magazine", "precise_score": 5.214078903198242, "rough_score": 1.7057000398635864, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Exclusive James McCartney (son of Paul McCartney) performance on Lorraine - YouTube", "precise_score": 0.5767551064491272, "rough_score": 0.705129861831665, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive James McCartney (son of Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Exclusive James McCartney (son of Paul McCartney) performance on Lorraine", "precise_score": 0.4758025109767914, "rough_score": 1.606325387954712, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive James McCartney (son of Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney - Paul McCartney's only son from his marriage to Linda - is on Lorraine for an exclusive performance to promote his debut album and UK tour. Here we see James performing the track Angel.", "precise_score": 8.523058891296387, "rough_score": 6.573875427246094, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive James McCartney (son of Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles legend - Mirror Online", "precise_score": 3.77933931350708, "rough_score": 0.7162114381790161, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles legend", "precise_score": 4.232905864715576, "rough_score": 2.444502830505371, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Paul McCartney and his late wife Linda are seen here before the birth of their son James on September 12, 1977 and is the reason given for the lack of touring this year, song writing is the plan as we hear Paul tell us!", "precise_score": 6.067575454711914, "rough_score": 2.564164400100708, "source": "search", "title": "Paul & Linda McCartney '77 \"We're Pregnant\" Australian Tv ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney is grown up now and like his parents is a Sing/Songwriter who's music can be purchased on iTunes at https://itunes.apple.com/au/artist/ja...", "precise_score": -5.2428717613220215, "rough_score": -5.604602336883545, "source": "search", "title": "Paul & Linda McCartney '77 \"We're Pregnant\" Australian Tv ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "He was born James Paul McCartney on June 18, 1942, in Liverpool General Hospital, where his mother, Mary Patricia (Mohin), was a medical nurse and midwife. His father, James \"Jim\" McCartney, was a cotton salesman and a pianist leading the Jim Mac's Jazz Band in Liverpool. He has Irish and English ancestry. Young McCartney was raised non-denominational. He studied music and art, and had a happy childhood with one younger brother, Michael. At age 11, he was one of only four students who passed the 11+ exam, known as \"the scholarship\" in Liverpool, and gained a place at Liverpool Institute for Boys. There he studied from 1953 to 1960, earning A level in English and Art.", "precise_score": -1.330489158630371, "rough_score": 1.4686192274093628, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "His four children with Linda McCartney are Heather McCartney (adopted from her previous marriage), photographer Mary McCartney , top fashion designer Stella McCartney and musician/sculptor James McCartney . Paul was married to rock photographer Linda Eastman on March 12, 1969 at the Marylebone Register Office.", "precise_score": 6.609798431396484, "rough_score": 2.270350694656372, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Has five grandsons and one granddaughter: Mary McCartney 's three sons Arthur Alistair Donald (b. 3 April 1999) Elliot Donald (b. 1 August 2002), and Sam Aboud (b. 11 August 2008), and Stella McCartney 's sons Miller Alasdhair James Willis (b. 25 February 2005) and Beckett Robert Lee (b. 8 January 2008), and daughter Bailey Linda Olwyn Willis (b. 8 December 2006).", "precise_score": 3.9416112899780273, "rough_score": -1.0232539176940918, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney, brother to Stella and Mary, a photographer, said he has spent years developing his music and “serving his time” before embarking on a career to “earn his own living”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.08789348602295, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son speaks of drugs, family rifts and his ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Following a year that introduced him to international success in 2012, James McCartney now heads toward an exciting and unprecedented 2013. This is a year that will see him release his first full-length album and embark on a forty-seven date, twenty-seven state tour of the USA, to be followed by a number of additional shows and appearances across Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.910673141479492, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Melissa Parker (Smashing Interviews Magazine): James, it is so nice to meet you. How’s the tour going?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45539665222168, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: The reception has been great. The record is intimate and personal, and that’s why it’s a solo tour to keep it intimate and personal, and also to say, “This is me.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.685070991516113, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Well, I’m a solo artist, so just trying to focus on my music. I don’t know. “M E” is in the middle of my name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.607848644256592, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Melissa Parker (Smashing Interviews Magazine): James is the first name of your dad and grandfather, correct?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.905983924865723, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: My dad’s dad, yeah.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.696989059448242, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: No. I never met him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.844916343688965, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: A little bit, not really. I think he was into big bands or something. But he was more of a cotton salesman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.630145072937012, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Melissa Parker (Smashing Interviews Magazine): How would you describe your sound, James?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466504096984863, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I guess the production is pretty poppy, isn’t it? Hopefully the songwriting is more rock and roll, but the production is more poppy. I like to think of it as just rock and roll, you know, and not try to get too much into defining and putting labels on it. But, yeah, poppy and abstract, surrealism, realism … mainly just rock and roll.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.50515079498291, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I wrote this while listening to “Here Comes the Sun.” “Strong As You” is just one of those existential songs about life, just being strong and keepin’ on keepin’ on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.726362228393555, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Cool.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.731466770172119, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Well, that was a time after mum died, maybe two or three years afterward. I was grieving her death and went into a pretty grungy kind of goth kind of period in terms of music that I liked to listen to. It was a fun time on one hand. It was maybe not the easiest time on another hand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.177813529968262, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: It depends. If I’m in the rhythm of writing lyrics a lot then it can be okay. But if I haven’t exercised that muscle as it were, then it could be difficult. So I’ve got to keep in the process. The music generally comes first and then the lyrics. But it can be the other way around sometimes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.168330192565918, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Yeah.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.502651691436768, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I mainly focus on music, but I do visual art as well. I do illustrations and painting and a little bit of sculpture and stuff. The back cover has got a crucifix and is like the Painted Desert in Arizona. All the other art is just stuff I’ve been putting together in my old notebooks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.930140495300293, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: A little bit. He sang on “Thinking About Rock and Roll” and played a bit of guitar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.318324089050293, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Melissa Parker (Smashing Interviews Magazine): James, as a young child, did you realize the affect your dad had on the musical world?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.355246543884277, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I’ve always been aware of it really.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.410083770751953, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Yeah. Maybe it was all the attention. There were lots of fans when I would be picked up at school or when we would go to events. There would be a lot of photographers. He would be on TV shows, and I’d realize it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.786303520202637, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: The family is kind of public, so there’s a fair amount of attention toward me. I have to be careful. But, privacy is a good thing if you want it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2576584815979, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I think he was always just happy for me to be doing whatever I wanted to be doing which just happened to be music, encouraging me to just be myself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.618915557861328, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: The one in London recently? That’s the only time it has happened. But it was great. It was a dream come true and a surprise. Ronnie Wood was there. It was good fun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.172598838806152, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I think I might just be talking about transcendental meditation a little bit and watching the meditation documentary. Just talking about my experiences with transcendental meditation and the effects it has had on my life like helping with problem solving and creating bliss in one’s own life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.989133834838867, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I’m private, and I’m not private. It’s a bit of both.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.703893661499023, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Um, yeah, maybe. Yeah. I feel pretty comfortable on sage. We’ve been doing a lot of shows recently, so I’m getting pretty used to it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.867746353149414, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I take photographs sometime on real film cameras even with little disposable ones. My mom was an amazing photographer. I think its part of the artwork, which goes into music as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.481616973876953, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Oh, yeah. Definitely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0690813064575195, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I like surfing. That’s cool. Meditation and spirituality, horse riding, charity work. Interested in theology and spirituality in general.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.156229019165039, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: In college, I studied sculpture. It’s a different educational system in England. I did sculpture for about a year, but then my mum died, so I decided I wanted to focus on what I really wanted to do.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.761221885681152, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: She may have been into a little sculpting like clay figures or something. She did a bit of painting and drawing. But she was definitely more into photography.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.6335601806640625, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Melissa Parker (Smashing Interviews Magazine): What kind of music are you listening to, James?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441678047180176, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: There’s a band called Dive, Pink Turns Blue, Nirvana, Radiohead, The Cure, the Beatles, the Stones, all the 60s music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.88071346282959, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Oh, cool.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.366664409637451, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Kurt Cobain, The Smiths, PJ Harvey, Neil Young, Jimi Hendrix, Hank Williams, the Beatles, the Cure. I could name so many more. In the end, I don’t really prefer a particular style, just great music, truly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.105034351348877, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I’ve got a dry sense of humor. I don’t know. That’s a good question. I don’t have the strongest sense of humor, but I do have a great one. The British sitcom Blackadder was cool and The League of Gentlemen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.653573989868164, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I don’t know how to define dad’s sense of humor. But also, I like Whose Line Is It Anyway? That was cool. Dad has a great sense of humor. He probably does have a dry one amongst other forms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.405965805053711, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: As in trendy? Hopefully, we’re equal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.313789367675781, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: It depends. Probably a little bit more grungy, a bit more “Nirvanary.” Hopefully that will be the direction, but it could go a bit more electronica.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.447548866271973, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Sometimes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.803781509399414, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I don’t know. I’ll just see how it goes for now because I don’t want to be procrastinating either.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.015433311462402, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: Just to have fun and be honest, you know? I think just being in his presence has given me advice personally. Just the example of the Beatles. It’s an amazing role model.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.246865272521973, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: I’d love to feel that I realized my full potential both as a person and as a songwriter. That feels like a great, fulfilling goal to shoot for. Making a lot of music and striving for more depth artistically. And always improving and evolving as a songwriter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.267136573791504, "source": "search", "title": "James McCartney Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney's Son ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "This March, multi-instrumentalist James will embark on his first ever UK tour. If these shows are anything like his 2009 warm-up shows, the audience are in for a night of blistering rock tunes. His songs are melody driven, hook laden anthems that show songwriting clearly runs in the family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308821678161621, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive James McCartney (son of Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James has been playing music all his life. In 2009 he played a handful of shows in the UK and the US. He's spent much of the last two years writing and recording for his forthcoming debut album which he has been working on with producer David Kahne. Talking about his music James says, \"The music was inspired by The Beatles, Nirvana, The Cure, PJ Harvey, Radiohead - and all good music. It is basically rock n' roll, clean sounding and vocal. The words on the album refer to spirituality, love, family, trying to sort out one's life, and many other things. I have written the songs over a 10-year period.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.089523315429688, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive James McCartney (son of Paul McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Seth Rogovoy is a frequent contributor to the Forward, where he has explored the Jewish back stories of David Bowie, Alfred Hitchcock, James Bond and J.R.R. Tolkien, among others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.072503089904785, "source": "search", "title": "Secret History of Paul McCartney, the Jewish Beatle ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney: \"I didn't get on with Heather Mills and Dad and I barely spoke - it is hard to replace mum but Nancy is wonderful\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.367894172668457, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Stepping out of the shadow: James McCartney (Photo: Chris Bott/Daily Mirror)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.523977279663086, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "It has taken 35 years for James McCartney to step out from his father’s shadow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.452816009521484, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James admits his life was turned upside down when his mother Linda died of breast cancer in 1998 at the family’s ranch in Arizona.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.258749961853027, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James’ increasing isolation worsened when his father met Heather in 1999. They soon began a relationship, later marrying, and it caused such a rift that James and Paul barely spoke for years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53072452545166, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James was living in Brighton, waiting on tables, and while his sister Stella was forging an international career in fashion, he descended even further into a life of drugs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.231823921203613, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Now, sitting in his Nashville hotel, where he is performing two nights at the legendary Bluebird Cafe, James is matter of fact about his lost years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.372384071350098, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "“All the family were concerned for me, they were worried. But it got to the point when they were just: ‘effin let James do his own thing.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356985092163086, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James went into rehab in Arizona but left shortly afterwards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.486104965209961, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "His relationship with his father suffered and James admits: “I went a long time without seeing Dad. We drifted apart. We would talk on the phone every few months but we went a long time without seeing each other. It was sad for both of us.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3600492477417, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "in tune: James on stage (Photo: Chris Bott/Daily Mirror)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.460137367248535, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "It was the beginning of a tentative reconciliation which has now transformed their relationship. “Dad’s great now but that episode made me realise how important he is to me.” says James.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.326987266540527, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "“I never see Heather but if I ever did see her I would have full respect because she is Beatrice’s mother” James says.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198322296142578, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "“Nancy’s my new mother. I feel that. Definitely. She’s very genuine.” says James. “She makes Dad very, very happy. We all adore her.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.164819717407227, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Issues: James, left, with his parents (Photo: Reuters)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27013111114502, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James said: “I was born in ‘77 and then John Lennon was shot in ‘80 and that totally knocked dad for six. I haven’t really spoken to him a lot about it because it is probably such a touchy subject, obviously.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.581480026245117, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Not surprisingly, music formed a great part of his childhood. Like his dad, James taught himself to play the guitar and piano and he began writing songs at an early age.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35950756072998, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "\"It’s hard to live up to the Beatles” says James. “When Wings toured they got slated. Even Dad found it hard living up to the Beatles. I started out playing under an alias.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214920043945312, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "After a stint making furniture, James started out known as ‘Light’. Now happy to perform under his own name, he has released his first album, Me.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179058074951172, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Performing at the Bluebird, James poignantly dedicates the song Bluebell to his mother.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.345827102661133, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James is in a good place right now. He is nearing the end of a hectic American tour, which comes to London on July 4, to support his new album.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.262331008911133, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "- James McCartney’s Me is out now.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.536809921264648, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney's son James on life as the son of a Beatles ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "James McCartney can also be seen on Youtube and I must say the resemblance to his father is quite remarkable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.667115211486816, "source": "search", "title": "Paul & Linda McCartney '77 \"We're Pregnant\" Australian Tv ..." }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Though a huge fan of 'Weird Al' Yankovic 's work, turned down his request to parody Paul's James Bond song \"Live and Let Die\" as \"Chicken Pot Pie\" for vegetarian reasons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220541000366211, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James", "passage": "Turned down the offer to write a new James Bond song for Quantum of Solace (2008), and recommended singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse for the job.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.496846199035645, "source": "search", "title": "Paul McCartney - Biography - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": "The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament, the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1968 and the first US Open of the Open Era. Arthur Ashe and Virginia Wade won the singles titles. Frank Parker, at the age of 52, lost to eventual champion Arthur Ashe in the second round, and still holds the record for the oldest man to compete in a Grand Slam singles tournament.", "precise_score": 10.372051239013672, "rough_score": 9.900885581970215, "source": "wiki", "title": "1968 US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": "The start of the Open era of tennis in 1968 provided a couple of major surprises at the U.S. Open that year, when all championship divisions were played together at Forest Hills in New York. Arthur Ashe won the men's singles crown -- the first time it was officially termed the \"U.S. Open\" -- defeating Tom Okker of the Netherlands in the final, 14-12, 5-7, 6-3, 3-6, 6-3. Because of his amateur status, the 25-year-old Ashe, a lieutenant in the U.S. Army, was ineligible to receive the $14,000 first prize in the $100,000 event. (At the time, the Open was the richest tournament in tennis history.) Instead, Ashe received his $20 per diem. Ashe was the first American to win the U.S. men's singles title since 1955 and the first-ever African-American to win a men's singles title at a Grand Slam Championship.", "precise_score": 10.521281242370605, "rough_score": 9.962018013000488, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Open - Tennis Topics - ESPN" }, { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": "The main court is the 22,547-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium, opened in 1997. It is named after Arthur Ashe, the African American tennis player who won the men's final of the inaugural US Open in 1968. The next largest court is the Louis Armstrong Stadium, opened in 1978, extensively renovated from the Singer Bowl, which was built for the 1964 New York World's Fair. It was the main stadium from 1978 to 1996. Its peak capacity neared 18,000 seats, but was reduced to 10,200 by the removal of the upper tiers of seating after the opening of Arthur Ashe Stadium. The third largest court is the 6,000-seat Grandstand, created when the rectangular Singer Bowl was transformed into the square Armstrong Stadium, leaving about a third of the Bowl available to become another venue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.980731964111328, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": " Arthur Ashe defeated Tom Okker, 14–12, 5–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.064879417419434, "source": "wiki", "title": "1968 US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": " Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated Arthur Ashe / Andrés Gimeno, 11–9, 6–1, 7–5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.88082504272461, "source": "wiki", "title": "1968 US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": "In 1997, the Arthur Ashe Stadium, the new center court on the grounds of the National Tennis Center, became the centerpiece for the annual event, allowing more than 20,000 fans to witness matches on the main court. Nine years later, the host facility was officially renamed the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in honor of the pioneering woman who captured 13 U.S. Open titles in singles, doubles and mixed doubles competitions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.453251838684082, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Open - Tennis Topics - ESPN" }, { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": "The USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center is a tennis complex located in the Flushing Meadows section of Queens, N.Y., that hosts the U.S. Open tennis tournament each year (in August and September). The center features two of the largest tennis stadiums in the world -- the Louis Armstrong Stadium and the newer Arthur Ashe Stadium (with a capacity over 23,000), which became the site's center court in 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.707143306732178, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Open - Tennis Topics - ESPN" }, { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": "In 1970 the Australian Open men's draw was depleted by the absence of Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andres Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle. They were all professional players signed to a tour-specific contract with the National Tennis League and ‘they were banned from entering the Australian Open because the tournament's financial guarantees were deemed too low’. It was in this field, or lack of it, that Arthur Ashe became the first non-Australian to win the title since 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.787987232208252, "source": "search", "title": "Tennis – ‘the golden age’ of the 1960s–70s and beyond ..." }, { "answer": "Arthur Ash", "passage": "Nastase won Grand Slam titles in every way possible. He won two in singles, three in doubles, and two more in mixed doubles. His most impressive win was over Arthur Ashe in the 1972 US Open, where it took the Romanian five sets and close to five hours to seal the deal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.2984546422958374, "source": "search", "title": "The 25 Greatest Male Tennis Players of the Open Era ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was an American domestic terrorist convicted and executed for the detonation of a truck bomb in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. Commonly referred to as the Oklahoma City bombing, the attack killed 168 people and injured over 600. According to the United States Government, it was the deadliest act of terrorism within the United States prior to the September 11 attacks, and remains the most significant act of domestic terrorism in United States history.", "precise_score": 9.743328094482422, "rough_score": 9.418608665466309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Speaking of his experience in Kuwait in an interview before his execution, documented in McVeigh's authorized biography American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh & the Tragedy at Oklahoma City, he stated he decapitated an Iraqi soldier with cannon fire on his first day in the war and celebrated. He said he later was shocked to be ordered to execute surrendering prisoners and to see carnage on the road leaving Kuwait City after U.S. troops routed the Iraqi army.", "precise_score": 2.2761473655700684, "rough_score": 4.402340888977051, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "After an April 21, 1995, court hearing on the gun charges, but before McVeigh's release, federal agents took him into custody as they continued their investigation into the bombing. Rather than talk to investigators about the bombing, McVeigh demanded an attorney. Having been tipped off by the arrival of police and helicopters that a bombing suspect was inside, a restless crowd began to gather outside the jail. While McVeigh's requests for a bulletproof vest or transport by helicopter were denied, authorities did use a helicopter to transport him from Perry to Oklahoma City. ", "precise_score": 5.630753993988037, "rough_score": 4.520895957946777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - Jun 02, 1997 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": 8.903343200683594, "rough_score": 8.03725528717041, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing", "precise_score": 9.22654914855957, "rough_score": 7.878954887390137, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing", "precise_score": 9.22654914855957, "rough_score": 7.878954887390137, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing", "precise_score": 9.22654914855957, "rough_score": 7.878954887390137, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Timothy McVeigh, a former U.S. Army soldier, is convicted on 15 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.", "precise_score": 10.171890258789062, "rough_score": 9.446516990661621, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Michael Fortier was sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined $200,000 for failing to warn authorities about McVeigh’s bombing plans. In a federal trial, Terry Nichols was found guilty on one count of conspiracy and eight counts of involuntary manslaughter and was sentenced to life in prison. In a later Oklahoma state trial, he was charged with 160 counts of first-degree murder, one count of first-degree manslaughter for the death of an unborn child, and one count of aiding in the placement of a bomb near a public building. On May 26, 2004, he was convicted of all charges and sentenced to 160 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole.", "precise_score": 5.60817289352417, "rough_score": 4.672092437744141, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Timothy J. McVeigh was convicted today of the worst act of domestic terrorism in American history, the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City that killed 168 people and injured more than 500 others.", "precise_score": 9.990801811218262, "rough_score": 9.621066093444824, "source": "search", "title": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Trial of Timothy J. McVeigh: An Account", "precise_score": 6.869948387145996, "rough_score": 6.979701519012451, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh", "precise_score": 6.752419471740723, "rough_score": 7.073395729064941, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "A bomb carried in a Ryder truck exploded in front of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City at 9:02 a.m. on April 19, 1995.  The bomb claimed 168 innocent lives.  That a homegrown, war-decorated American terrorist named Timothy McVeigh drove and parked the Ryder truck in the handicap zone in front of the Murrah Building there is little doubt.  In 1997, a jury convicted McVeigh and sentenced him to death.  The federal government, after an investigation involving 2,000 agents, also charged two of McVeigh's army buddies, Michael Fortier and Terry Nichols , with advance knowledge of the bombing and participation in the plot.  Despite considerable evidence linking various militant white supremacists to the tragedy in Oklahoma City, no other persons faced prosecution for what was--until September 11, 2001--the worst act of terrorism ever on American soil.", "precise_score": 7.011183261871338, "rough_score": 7.460775375366211, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "For Timothy McVeigh, April 19 stood out as a date with multiple historical meanings.  It was, probably foremost to the former visitor to Waco, the date in 1995 that the federal government launched its attack on the Branch Davidian compound in Texas, with the horrific loss of life that resulted.  McVeigh also knew April 19 to be the date in 1775 that the Battle of Lexington occurred, marking the beginning of the armed uprising by colonialists against British control. In his getaway car, McVeigh included a bumper sticker that he expected--probably wanted--authorities to find.  The bumper sticker carried the quote of Revolutionary War patriot Samuel Adams, \"WHEN THE GOVERNMENT FEARS THE PEOPLE, THERE IS LIBERTY.  WHEN THE PEOPLE FEAR THE GOVERNMENT, THERE IS TYRANNY.\"  Below the slogan, McVeigh scribbled his own words: \"Maybe now, there will be liberty!\" April 19 of 1995, McVeigh also certainly knew, was to be the scheduled day of execution in Arkansas for a white supremacist Richard Snell, formerly of Elohim City, who had--years earlier--targeted the Murrah Building in Oklahoma City as the site for a potential bombing.", "precise_score": 0.6190622448921204, "rough_score": 4.5378899574279785, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "A computer check in Washington came up with information that surprised and delighted investigators: Timothy McVeigh was, at present, sitting in a Noble County, Oklahoma jail on unrelated misdemeanor charges.  Federal agents traveled to Perry, where they picked up McVeigh--who had been wondering all the while what was taking authorities so long--and transported him by helicopter to Tinker Air Force Base, near Oklahoma City.  Before his arraignment that evening, McVeigh met briefly with two court-appointed attorneys.  \"Yes,\" he told them, \"I did the bombing.\"", "precise_score": 5.964881420135498, "rough_score": 6.394369125366211, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "In his book about the McVeigh case, Others Unknown: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy, Jones wrote: \"It strains belief to suppose that this appalling crime was the work of two men--any two men...Could [this conspiracy] have been designed to protect and shelter everyone involved?  Everyone, that is, except my client...\"  Jones considered presenting McVeigh as \"the designated patsy\" in a cleverly designed plot, but his own client opposed the strategy and Judge Matsch, after a hearing, ruled the evidence concerning a larger conspiracy to be too insubstantial to be admissible.", "precise_score": 4.67950963973999, "rough_score": 6.413506984710693, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The prosecution presented 137 witnesses.  Some witnesses told of their own heart wrenching losses they suffered that April day.  Michelle Rausch , a former journalism student, told of interviewing McVeigh as he peddled anti-government bumper stickers outside of government barricades near Waco in 1993.  FBI agents described how they traced evidence found in the bombing to McVeigh.  Charles Hanger of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol described his arrest of McVeigh on I-35, while other law enforcement authorities described evidence found in McVeigh's car.  Tim Chambers, the Texas seller of the racing fuel nitromethane, described his dealings with the person he now knew to be McVeigh.  McVeigh showed little emotion during the nearly month-long parade to the stand.", "precise_score": 3.4310784339904785, "rough_score": 4.832290172576904, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "CNN - McVeigh sentenced to die for Oklahoma City bombing - June 13, 1997", "precise_score": 7.5511016845703125, "rough_score": 7.020088195800781, "source": "search", "title": "CNN - McVeigh sentenced to die for Oklahoma City bombing ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh sentenced to die for Oklahoma City bombing", "precise_score": 8.123222351074219, "rough_score": 7.0686936378479, "source": "search", "title": "CNN - McVeigh sentenced to die for Oklahoma City bombing ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "DENVER (CNN) -- Despite an emotional last-minute plea from his parents, Timothy James McVeigh was sentenced to death Friday for his role in the worst case of terrorism in U.S. history -- the Oklahoma City bombing.", "precise_score": 8.569823265075684, "rough_score": 7.8651018142700195, "source": "search", "title": "CNN - McVeigh sentenced to die for Oklahoma City bombing ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Timothy McVeigh viewed Oklahoma City bombing as failure, docs show | Fox News", "precise_score": 3.962080717086792, "rough_score": 4.379087924957275, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy McVeigh viewed Oklahoma City bombing as failure ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Timothy McVeigh viewed Oklahoma City bombing as failure, docs show", "precise_score": 4.165453910827637, "rough_score": 5.003921031951904, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy McVeigh viewed Oklahoma City bombing as failure ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "An archive of documents donated by the defense attorney of convicted bomber Timothy McVeigh reveals he considered the bombing of the Oklahoma City federal building 20 years ago somewhat of a failure, viewed himself as a “Paul Revere-type messenger” and even suggested his defense team should receive $800,000 from the government.", "precise_score": 8.084763526916504, "rough_score": 9.29006290435791, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy McVeigh viewed Oklahoma City bombing as failure ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "(CNN) -- Six years, one month and 23 days after a truck bomb shattered the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, federal prison authorities placed a needle in Timothy McVeigh's right leg and pumped a deadly stream of drugs into his veins.", "precise_score": 4.57961368560791, "rough_score": 5.226655006408691, "source": "search", "title": "CNN Programs - People in the News" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "In May 1988, at the age of 20, McVeigh graduated from the U.S. Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia.Linder, Douglas O. [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mcveigh/mcveighaccount.html \"The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh,\"], online posting, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Law School faculty projects, 2006, accessed August 7, 2006 feb 17; cf. [http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0106/09/pitn.00.html People in the News: Timothy McVeigh: The Path to Death Row], transcript of program broadcast on CNN, June 9, 2001, 11:30 p.m. ET. While in the military, McVeigh used much of his spare time to read about firearms, sniper tactics, and explosives. McVeigh was reprimanded by the military for purchasing a \"White Power\" T-shirt at a Ku Klux Klan protest against black servicemen who wore \"Black Power\" T-shirts around the army base. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5535618662834167, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Oklahoma City bombing", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.214791297912598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "According to the Oklahoma City Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT), more than 300 buildings were damaged. More than 12,000 volunteers and rescue workers took part in the rescue, recovery and support operations following the bombing. In reference to theories that he had assistance from others, McVeigh quoted a well known line from the film A Few Good Men, \"You can't handle the truth!\" and added \"Because the truth is, I blew up the Murrah Building and isn't it kind of scary that one man could wreak this kind of hell?\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.196966171264648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Shortly after the bombing, while driving on I-35 in Noble County, near Perry, Oklahoma, McVeigh was stopped by Oklahoma State Trooper Charles J. Hanger. Hanger had passed McVeigh's yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis and noticed that it had no license plate. McVeigh admitted to the police officer (who noticed a bulge under his jacket) that he had a gun and McVeigh was subsequently arrested for having driven without plates and illegal firearm possession; McVeigh's concealed weapon permit was not legal in Oklahoma. McVeigh was wearing a T-shirt at that time with a picture of Abraham Lincoln and the motto: sic semper tyrannis ('Thus always to tyrants'), the state motto of Virginia and also the words shouted by John Wilkes Booth after he shot Lincoln. On the back, it had a tree with a picture of three blood droplets and the Thomas Jefferson quote, \"The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.\" Three days later, while still in jail, McVeigh was identified as the subject of the nationwide manhunt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.445066452026367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On February 20, 1996, the Court granted a change of venue and ordered that the case be transferred from Oklahoma City to the U.S. District Court in Denver, Colorado, to be presided over by U.S. District Judge Richard Paul Matsch. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42408275604248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On June 13, 1997, the jury recommended that McVeigh receive the death penalty. The U.S. Department of Justice brought federal charges against McVeigh for causing the deaths of eight federal officers leading to a possible death penalty for McVeigh; they could not bring charges against McVeigh for the remaining 160 murders in federal court because those deaths fell under the jurisdiction of the State of Oklahoma. Because McVeigh was convicted and sentenced to death, the State of Oklahoma did not file murder charges against McVeigh for the other 160 deaths. Before the sentence was formally pronounced by Judge Matsch, McVeigh addressed the court for the first time and said: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2676297426223755, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The essay, which marked the first time that McVeigh publicly discussed the Oklahoma City bombing, continued:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.621337652206421, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On April 26, 2001, McVeigh wrote a letter to Fox News, I Explain Herein Why I Bombed the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, which explicitly laid out his reasons for the attack. McVeigh read Unintended Consequences and said that if it had come out a few years earlier, he would have given serious consideration to using sniper attacks in a war of attrition against the government instead of bombing a federal building. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.26032835245132446, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "An ATF informant, Carol Howe, told reporters that shortly before the bombing she had warned her handlers that guests of Elohim City, Oklahoma were planning a major bombing attack. McVeigh was issued a speeding ticket there at the same time.[http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mcveigh/mcveighchrono.html] Other than this speeding ticket, there is no evidence of a connection between McVeigh and members of the Midwest Bank Robbers at Elohim City. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8478084802627563, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "In February 2004, the FBI announced it would review its investigation after learning that agents in the investigation of the Midwest Bank Robbers (an alleged Aryan-oriented gang) had turned up explosive caps of the same type that were used to trigger the Oklahoma City bomb. Agents expressed surprise that bombing investigators had not been provided information from the Midwest Bank Robbers investigation. McVeigh declined further delays and maintained until his death that he had acted alone in the bombing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4605347812175751, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, on April 19, 1995. Carried out by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing destroyed one-third of the building, killed 168 people, and injured more than 680 others. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16-block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated eleven of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.630099058151245, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Within 90 minutes of the explosion, McVeigh was stopped by Oklahoma State Trooper Charlie Hanger for driving without a license plate and arrested for illegal weapons possession. Forensic evidence quickly linked McVeigh and Nichols to the attack; Nichols was arrested, and within days both were charged. Michael and Lori Fortier were later identified as accomplices. McVeigh, a U.S. militia movement sympathizer who was a Gulf War veteran, had detonated a Ryder rental truck full of explosives parked in front of the building. McVeigh's co-conspirator, Nichols, had assisted in the bomb preparation. Motivated by his hatred of the U.S. federal government and angered by its handling of the 1993 Waco siege and the Ruby Ridge incident in 1992, McVeigh timed his attack to coincide with the second anniversary of the deadly fire that ended the siege at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5184881687164307, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "As a result of the bombing, the U.S. Congress passed the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which tightened the standards for habeas corpus in the United States, as well as legislation designed to increase the protection around federal buildings to deter future terrorist attacks. On April 19, 2000, the Oklahoma City National Memorial was dedicated on the site of the Murrah Federal Building, commemorating the victims of the bombing. Annual remembrance services are held at the same time of day as the explosion occurred. It was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil until the September 11 attacks and still remains the deadliest domestic terrorism incident in United States history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.601441383361816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh, a resident of Kingman, Arizona, considered targets in Missouri, Arizona, Texas, and Arkansas. McVeigh stated in his authorized biography that he wanted to minimize non-governmental casualties, so he ruled out a 40-story government building in Little Rock, Arkansas, because of the presence of a florist's shop on the ground floor. In December 1994, McVeigh and Fortier visited Oklahoma City to inspect McVeigh's target: the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. The Murrah building had been previously targeted in October 1983 by white supremacist group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord, including founder James Ellison and Richard Snell. The group had plotted to park \"a van or trailer in front of the Federal Building and blow it up with rockets detonated by a timer.\" After Snell's appeal for murdering two people in unrelated cases was denied, he was executed the same day as the Murrah bombing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0736403465270996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On April 14, 1995, McVeigh paid for a motel room at the Dreamland Motel in Junction City, Kansas. The following day he rented a 1993 Ford F-700 truck from Ryder under the name Robert D. Kling, an alias he adopted because he knew an Army soldier named Kling with whom he shared physical characteristics, and because it reminded him of the Klingon warriors of Star Trek. On April 16, 1995, he drove to Oklahoma City with fellow conspirator Terry Nichols where he parked a getaway car several blocks away from the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. The nearby Regency Towers Apartments' lobby security camera recorded images of Nichols' pickup truck as it drove to the federal building. After removing the license plate from the car, he left a note covering the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) plate that read, \"Not abandoned. Please do not tow. Will move by April 23. (Needs battery & cable).\" Both men then returned to Kansas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.386933326721191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh entered Oklahoma City at 8:50 am. At 8:57 am, the Regency Towers Apartments' lobby security camera that had recorded Nichols' pickup truck three days earlier recorded the Ryder truck heading towards the Murrah Federal Building. At the same moment, McVeigh lit the five-minute fuse. Three minutes later, still a block away, he lit the two-minute fuse. He parked the Ryder truck in a drop-off zone situated under the building's day-care center, exited and locked the truck, and as he headed to his getaway vehicle, dropped the keys to the truck a few blocks away. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.129157066345215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "At 9:02 am (14:02 UTC), the Ryder truck, containing in excess of 4800 lb of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitromethane, and diesel fuel mixture, detonated in front of the north side of the nine-story Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. Hundreds of people were killed or injured. One third of the building was destroyed by the explosion, which created a 30 ft, 8 ft crater on NW 5th Street next to the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 buildings within a 16-block radius, and shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings. The broken glass alone accounted for 5% of the death total and 69% of the injuries outside the Murrah Federal Building. The blast destroyed or burned 86 cars around the site. The destruction of the buildings left several hundred people homeless and shut down a number of offices in downtown Oklahoma City. The explosion was estimated to have caused at least $652 million worth of damage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004219055175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The effects of the blast were equivalent to over 5000 lb of TNT, and could be heard and felt up to 55 mi away. Seismometers at Science Museum Oklahoma in Oklahoma City, away, and in Norman, Oklahoma, away, recorded the blast as measuring approximately 3.0 on the Richter scale. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.532681465148926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh was arrested within 90 minutes of the explosion, as he was traveling north on Interstate 35 near Perry in Noble County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma State Trooper Charlie Hanger stopped McVeigh for driving his yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis without a license plate, and arrested him for having a concealed weapon. For his home address, McVeigh falsely claimed he resided at Terry Nichols' brother James' house in Michigan. After booking McVeigh into jail, Hanger searched his police car and found a business card McVeigh had hidden while he was handcuffed. Written on the back of the card, which was from a Wisconsin military surplus store, were the words \"TNT at $5 a stick. Need more.\" The card was later used as evidence during McVeigh's trial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.006270408630371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Federal agents obtained a warrant to search the house of McVeigh's father, Bill, after which they broke down the door and wired the house and telephone with listening devices. FBI investigators used the resulting information gained, along with the fake address McVeigh had been using, to begin their search for the Nichols brothers, Terry and James. On April 21, 1995, Terry learned that he was being hunted, and turned himself in. Investigators discovered incriminating evidence at his home: ammonium nitrate and blasting caps, the electric drill used to drill out the locks at the quarry, books on bomb-making, a copy of Hunter (a 1989 novel by William Luther Pierce, the founder and chairman of the white nationalist National Alliance) and a hand-drawn map of downtown Oklahoma City, on which the Murrah Building and the spot where McVeigh's getaway car was hidden were marked. After a nine-hour interrogation, Terry Nichols was formally held in federal custody until his trial. On April 25, 1995, James Nichols was also arrested, but he was released after 32 days due to lack of evidence. McVeigh's sister Jennifer was accused of illegally mailing bullets to McVeigh, but she was granted immunity in exchange for testifying against him. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9564635753631592, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Ibrahim Ahmad, a Jordanian-American traveling from his home in Oklahoma City to visit family in Jordan on April 19, 1995, was also arrested in what was described as an \"initial dragnet\". There was concern that Middle Eastern terrorists could have been behind the attack. Further investigation cleared Ahmad of any involvement in the bombing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.55504322052002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "An estimated 646 people were inside the building when the bomb exploded. By the end of the day, 14 adults and 6 children were confirmed dead, and over 100 injured. The toll eventually reached 168 confirmed dead, not including an unmatched left leg that could have belonged to an unidentified 169th victim or the leg could have belonged to any one of eight victims who had been buried without a left leg. Most of the deaths resulted from the collapse of the building, rather than the bomb blast itself. Those killed included 163 who were in the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, one person in the Athenian Building, one woman in a parking lot across the street, a man and woman in the Oklahoma Water Resources building, and a rescue worker struck on the head by debris. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.286805152893066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "At 9:03:25 am, the first of over 1,800 9-1-1 calls related to the bombing was received by Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA). By that time, EMSA ambulances, police, and firefighters were already headed to the scene, having heard the blast. Nearby civilians, who had also witnessed or heard the blast, arrived to assist the victims and emergency workers. Within 23 minutes of the bombing, the State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) was set up, consisting of representatives from the state departments of public safety, human services, military, health, and education. Assisting the SEOC were agencies such as the National Weather Service, the Air Force, the Civil Air Patrol, and the American Red Cross. Immediate assistance also came from 465 members of the Oklahoma National Guard, who arrived within the hour to provide security, and from members of the Department of Civil Emergency Management.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.270196914672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The national humanitarian response was immediate, and in some cases even overwhelming. Large numbers of items such as wheelbarrows, bottled water, helmet lights, knee pads, rain gear, and even football helmets were donated. The sheer quantity of such donations caused logistical and inventory control problems until drop-off centers were set up to accept and sort the goods. The Oklahoma Restaurant Association, which was holding a trade show in the city, assisted rescue workers by providing 15,000 to 20,000 meals over a ten-day period. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409878730773926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "At 9:45 am, Governor Frank Keating declared a state of emergency and ordered all non-essential workers in the Oklahoma City area to be released from their duties for their safety. President Bill Clinton learned about the bombing at around 9:30 am while he was meeting with Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Çiller at the White House. Before addressing the nation, President Clinton considered grounding all planes in the Oklahoma City area to prevent the bombers from escaping by air, but decided against it. At 4:00 pm, President Clinton declared a federal emergency in Oklahoma City and spoke to the nation: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.358610153198242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "He ordered that flags for all federal buildings be flown at half-staff for 30 days in remembrance of the victims. Four days later, on April 23, 1995, Clinton spoke from Oklahoma City. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.451671600341797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "No major federal financial assistance was made available to the survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing, but the Murrah Fund set up in the wake of the bombing attracted over $300,000 in federal grants. Over $40 million was donated to the city to aid disaster relief and to compensate the victims. Funds were initially distributed to families who needed it to get back on their feet, and the rest was held in trust for longer-term medical and psychological needs. By 2005, $18 million of the donations remained, some of which was earmarked to provide a college education for each of the 219 children who lost one or both parents in the bombing. A committee chaired by Daniel Kurtenbach of Goodwill Industries provided financial assistance to the survivors. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.743706703186035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Schools across the country were dismissed early and ordered closed. A photograph of firefighter Chris Fields emerging from the rubble with infant Baylee Almon, who later died in a nearby hospital, was reprinted worldwide and became a symbol of the attack. The photo, taken by bank employee Charles H. Porter IV, won the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography. The images and media reports of children dying terrorized many children who, as demonstrated by later research, showed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Children became a primary focus of concern in the mental health response to bombing and many bomb related services were delivered to the community, young and old alike. These services were delivered to public schools of Oklahoma and reached approximately 40,000 students. One of the first organized mental health activities in Oklahoma City was a clinical study of middle and high school students conducted 7 weeks after the bombing. The study focused on middle and high school students that had no connection or relation to the victims of the bombing. This study showed that these students, although deeply moved by the event and showing a sense of vulnerability on the matter, had no difficulty with the demands of school or home life, contrasting those who were connected to the bombing and its victims, who suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.418327331542969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Before any evidence could be introduced to say otherwise, the media presented stories to the public that accused individuals within Middle Eastern groups. At this time in America, stereotypes that focused on the Arab race had affected many American Arabs within the United States. These stereotypes may have impacted how individuals acted after the bombing, and can explain why the media assumed that Middle Eastern groups were responsible. In the case of the Oklahoma City Bombing, Hamzi Moghrabi, chairman of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, blamed the media for the attacks on Muslims and Arabs that took place just days after the bombing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.282641410827637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) led the official investigation, known as OKBOMB, with Weldon L. Kennedy acting as Special Agent in charge. Kennedy oversaw 900 federal, state, and local law enforcement personnel including 300 FBI agents, 200 officers from the Oklahoma City Police Department, 125 members of the Oklahoma National Guard, and 55 officers from the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety. The crime task force was deemed the largest since the investigation into the assassination of John F. Kennedy. OKBOMB was the largest criminal case in America's history, with FBI agents conducting 28,000 interviews, amassing of evidence, and collecting nearly one billion pieces of information. Federal judge Richard Paul Matsch ordered that the venue for the trial be moved from Oklahoma City to Denver, Colorado, citing that the defendants would be unable to receive a fair trial in Oklahoma. The investigation led to the separate trials and convictions of McVeigh, Nichols, and Fortier.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.766924858093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Nichols stood trial twice. He was first tried by the federal government in 1997 and found guilty of conspiring to build a weapon of mass destruction and of eight counts of involuntary manslaughter of federal officers. After he was sentenced on June 4, 1998 to life without parole, the State of Oklahoma in 2000 sought a death-penalty conviction on 161 counts of first-degree murder (160 non-federal agent victims and one fetus). On May 26, 2004 the jury found him guilty on all charges, but deadlocked on the issue of sentencing him to death. Presiding Judge Steven W. Taylor then determined the sentence of 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole. In March 2005, FBI investigators, acting on a tip, searched a buried crawl space in Nichols' former house and found additional explosives missed in the preliminary search after Nichols was arrested. In 2009 Nichols was being held in the ADX Florence Federal Prison. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.897734642028809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "It has been estimated that about 387,000 people in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area (a third of the population) knew someone who was directly affected by the bombing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.822917938232422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Oklahoma School Curriculum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.612895011901855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "In the decade following the bombing, there was criticism of Oklahoma public schools for not requiring the bombing to be covered in the curriculum of mandatory Oklahoma history classes. Oklahoma History is a one-semester course required by state law for graduation from high school; however, the bombing was only covered for one to two pages at most in textbooks. The state's PASS standards (Priority Academic Student Skills) did not require that a student learn about the bombing, and focused more on other subjects such as corruption and the Dust Bowl. On April 6, 2010, \"House Bill 2750\" was signed by Governor Brad Henry, requiring the bombing to be entered into the school curriculum for Oklahoma, U.S. and world history classes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.33177661895752, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On the signing, Governor Henry said “Although the events of April 19, 1995 may be etched in our minds and in the minds of Oklahomans who remember that day, we have a generation of Oklahomans that has little to no memory of the events of that day,”... “We owe it to the victims, the survivors and all of the people touched by this tragic event to remember April 19, 1995 and understand what it meant and still means to this state and this nation.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408833503723145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The attack led to engineering improvements allowing buildings to better withstand tremendous forces, improvements which were incorporated into the design of Oklahoma City's new federal building. The National Geographic Channel documentary series Seconds From Disaster suggested that the Murrah Federal Building would probably have survived the blast had it been built according to California's earthquake design codes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308341979980469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "A variety of conspiracy theories have been proposed about the events surrounding the bombing. Some theories allege that individuals in the government, including President Bill Clinton, knew of the impending bombing and intentionally failed to act on that knowledge. Other theories focus on initial reports by local news stations of multiple other unexploded bombs within the building itself as evidence of remnants of a controlled demolition; following the attack, search and rescue operations at the site were delayed until the area had been declared safe by the Oklahoma City bomb squad and federal authorities. According to both a situation report compiled by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and a memo issued by the United States Atlantic Command the day following the attack, a second bomb located within the building was disarmed while a third was evacuated. Further theories focus on additional conspirators involved with the bombing. Additional theories claim the bombing was done by the government to frame the militia movement or to provide the impetus for new antiterrorism legislation while using McVeigh as a scapegoat. Other conspiracy theories suggest that foreign agents, particularly Islamic terrorists but also the Japanese government or German Neo-Nazis, were involved in the bombing. Experts have disputed the theories and government investigations have been opened at various times to look into the theories. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.907422065734863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Several agencies, including the Federal Highway Administration and the City of Oklahoma City have evaluated the emergency response actions to the bombing, and have proposed plans for a better response in addition to addressing issues that hindered a smooth rescue effort. Because of the crowded streets, and the number of response agencies sent to the location, communication between government branches and rescue workers was muddled. Groups were unaware of the operations others were conducting, thus creating strife and delays in the search and rescue process. The City of Oklahoma City, in their After Action Report, declared that better communication and single bases for agencies would better the aid of those in disastrous situations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.913175582885742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Following the events of September 11, 2001, with consideration of other events including the Oklahoma City Bombing, the Federal Highway Administration proposed the idea that major metropolitan areas create evacuation routes for civilians. These highlighted routes would allow paths for emergency crews and government agencies to enter the disaster area more quickly. By helping civilians out, and rescue workers in, the number of casualties will hopefully be decreased. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.011433601379395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Oklahoma City National Memorial", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.583937644958496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "For two years after the bombing the only memorials to the victims were plush toys, crucifixes, letters, and other personal items left by thousands of people at a security fence surrounding the site of the building. Many suggestions for suitable memorials were sent to Oklahoma City, but an official memorial planning committee was not set up until early 1996, when the Murrah Federal Building Memorial Task Force, composed of 350 members, was set up to formulate plans for a memorial to commemorate the victims of the bombing. On July 1, 1997 the winning design was chosen unanimously by a 15-member panel from 624 submissions. The memorial was designed at a cost of $29 million, which was raised by public and private funds. The memorial is part of the National Park Service and was designed by Oklahoma City architects Hans and Torrey Butzer and Sven Berg. It was dedicated by President Clinton on April 19, 2000, exactly five years after the bombing. Within the first year, it had 700,000 visitors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.833088874816895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The memorial includes a reflecting pool flanked by two large gates, one inscribed with the time 9:01, the other with 9:03, the pool representing the moment of the blast. On the south end of the memorial is a field of symbolic bronze and stone chairs—one for each person lost, arranged according to what floor of the building they were on. The chairs represent the empty chairs at the dinner tables of the victims' families. The seats of the children killed are smaller than those of the adults lost. On the opposite side is the \"survivor tree\", part of the building's original landscaping that survived the blast and fires that followed it. The memorial left part of the foundation of the building intact, allowing visitors to see the scale of the destruction. Part of the chain link fence put in place around the site of the blast, which had attracted over 800,000 personal items of commemoration later collected by the Oklahoma City Memorial Foundation, is now on the western edge of the memorial. North of the memorial is the Journal Record Building, which now houses the Oklahoma City National Memorial Museum, an affiliate of the National Park Service. The building also contains the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, a law enforcement training center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.053741455078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "An observance is held each year to remember the victims of the bombing. An annual marathon draws thousands, and allows runners to sponsor a victim of the bombing. For the tenth anniversary of the bombing, the city held 24 days of activities, including a week-long series of events known as the National Week of Hope from April 17 to 24, 2005. As in previous years, the tenth anniversary of the bombing observances began with a service at 9:02 am, marking the moment the bomb went off, with the traditional 168 seconds of silence—one second for each person who was killed as a result of the blast. The service also included the traditional reading of the names, read by children to symbolize the future of Oklahoma City. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.279146194458008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Vice President Dick Cheney, former President Clinton, Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry, Frank Keating, Governor of Oklahoma at the time of the bombing, and other political dignitaries attended the service and gave speeches in which they emphasized that \"goodness overcame evil\". The relatives of the victims and the survivors of the blast also made note of it during the service at First United Methodist Church in Oklahoma City. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.285360336303711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oklahoma City bombing" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On April 19, 1995, just after 9 a.m., a massive truck bomb exploded outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. The blast collapsed the north face of the nine-story building, instantly killing more than 100 people and trapping dozens more in the rubble. Emergency crews raced to Oklahoma City from across the country, and when the rescue effort finally ended two weeks later, the death toll stood at 168 people, including 19 young children who were in the building’s day-care center at the time of the blast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.803751945495605, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The August 1992 shoot-out between federal agents and survivalist Randy Weaver at his cabin in Idaho, in which Weaver’s wife and son were killed, followed by the April 19, 1993, inferno near Waco, Texas, which killed some 80 Branch Davidians, deeply radicalized McVeigh, Nichols, and their associates. In early 1995, Nichols and McVeigh planned an attack on the federal building in Oklahoma City, which housed, among other federal agencies, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)–the agency that had launched the initial raid on the Branch Davidian compound in 1993.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.286782741546631, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On April 19, 1995, the two-year anniversary of the disastrous end to the Waco standoff, McVeigh parked a Ryder rental truck loaded with a diesel-fuel-fertilizer bomb outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City and fled. Minutes later, the massive bomb exploded, killing 168 people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.252110004425049, "source": "search", "title": "McVeigh convicted for Oklahoma City bombing - History.com" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.291315078735352, "source": "search", "title": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The explosion and its horrific aftermath riveted the nation for months and forever shattered the illusion that the unknown face of terrorism could never be American. As thousands of rescue workers from across the country descended on Oklahoma City, there was rampant speculation that foreign terrorists had blown up the nine-story building.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.78735065460205, "source": "search", "title": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report" }, { "answer": "Okla.", "passage": "But Jones's case and courtroom delivery never came close to the expectations he had created and the promises he made that he would prove not only that the government had the wrong man but that the bombing was the work of international terrorists. Legal experts who watched the trial said the lawyer from Enid, Okla., who was appointed by the court to defend McVeigh, deserved high marks for his aggressive cross-examination of certain key witnesses. But for all the resources he had at his disposal, they said, he presented a case that seemed unfocused and aimless. Jones had assembled a team of 14 taxpayer-paid lawyers; some estimates put the cost of the defense upward of $10 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.24697881937026978, "source": "search", "title": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Even after the most exhaustive criminal investigation in U.S. history, prosecutors produced no eyewitness placing McVeigh at the scene of the bombing. They presented no evidence showing that McVeigh and his alleged co-conspirator, Terry L. Nichols, who will be tried separately at a later date, actually built the bomb. They had no fingerprints on the truck rental agreement or the truck key found in an Oklahoma City alley, and no fertilizer residue in the storage lockers the conspirators allegedly used to store their bomb-making materials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.055173397064209, "source": "search", "title": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "But McVeigh himself is not likely to testify, one source said, because the Oklahoma City district attorney has announced that he will file state murder charges against McVeigh regardless of the outcome of the federal trial. Under Supreme Court precedent, McVeigh can be tried by the state without violating the constitutional prohibition on double jeopardy because the state would charge him with a different crime -- the murders of the other 160 victims who were not federal law enforcement agents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9107497334480286, "source": "search", "title": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Since 1988 and 1994 crime bills greatly expanded the number of federal crimes punishable by death, the Justice Department has authorized seeking the death penalty against 92 defendants. Of particular concern to prosecutors in this case is the fact that juries in Colorado, unlike Oklahoma, rarely vote for death. Just five people sit on Colorado's death row, compared with more than 140 in Oklahoma.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.833145141601562, "source": "search", "title": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Matsch was appointed to the case after the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals recused all Oklahoma judges, citing an appearance of conflict because the federal courthouse had been so heavily damaged in the blast. The federal judge ordered the case moved to his home court early last year, declaring that McVeigh and Nichols could not get a fair trial in Oklahoma because they had been \"demonized\" in the state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.101767539978027, "source": "search", "title": "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Prosecutor Joseph Hartzler began his opening statement in the Timothy McVeigh trial by reminding the jury of the terror and the heartbreak:  \"Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, April 19th, 1995, was a beautiful day in Oklahoma City -- at least it started out as a beautiful day. The sun was shining. Flowers were blooming. It was springtime in Oklahoma City. Sometime after six o'clock that morning, Tevin Garrett's mother woke him up to get him ready for the day. He was only 16 months old. He was a toddler; and as some of you know that have experience with toddlers, he had a keen eye for mischief. He would often pull on the cord of her curling iron in the morning, pull it off the counter top until it fell down, often till it fell down on him. That morning, she picked him up and wrestled with him on her bed before she got him dressed. She remembers this morning because that was the last morning of his life....\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.472097635269165, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The Oklahoma City bombing trials raise questions more interesting than the answers they provide.  How, in four years, can an army sergeant and Green Beret aspirant turn so violently against the government he served?  If there had been no Waco, would there have been no Oklahoma City?  Did McVeigh want to be captured? Why did the government only bring charges against three men in connection with the bombing, when compelling evidence suggests that others played significant roles in the crime?  We do not have clear answers to any of these questions--but some possible answers to these and other intriguing questions have come into better focus in the years since the McVeigh and Nichols trials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5668678283691406, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "For two years following high school graduation, McVeigh briefly attended a computer school in Buffalo and took on a series of short-term jobs--then, in May 1988 , he enlisted in the U. S. Army. In basic training, the loner McVeigh found a friend in his platoon leader, Terry Nichols, who shared his conservative and somewhat paranoid political views.  McVeigh seemed to fit well into the structured life of the military, performing well enough to be promoted to sergeant.  He served in Fort Riley, Kansas, where he met Michael Fortier, the man who would later provide key testimony against him in the Oklahoma City bombing trial.  From Fort Riley, McVeigh headed to the Persian Gulf War, where for four months he drove a Bradley Fighting Vehicle and, for his efforts, earned a bronze star. McVeigh seemed well-suited to the details of military life; his army years were probably his best years.  Nonetheless, after realizing that he lacked the \"right stuff\" during the first day of a Green Beret try-out, McVeigh requested and received an honorable discharge in December 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7666404247283936, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Timothy McVeigh had most of these complaints with the government, and over the next two years would find himself in the company of many who shared much of his somewhat paranoid world view. At an April 1993 gun show in Tulsa, for example, McVeigh met Andreas Strassmeir, the grandson of a founder of the Nazi party and then the head of security for Elohim City , a 400-acre compound on the Arkansas-Oklahoma border founded by a white supremacist. (There is interesting, but inconclusive, evidence suggesting that Strassmeir might have been a federal undercover operative.)  In Kingman, Arizona, McVeigh renewed his friendship with army buddy Michael Fortier, an anti-gun control protester with a passion for far-right politics.  In the fall of 1993, McVeigh and Terry Nichols made their first visit to Elohim City, a hotbed of anti-government activity--including a plot to blow up a federal building in Oklahoma City.  (For McVeigh, it would be the first of at least two, and most likely four or more visits to the compound.) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6213455200195312, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Some of McVeigh's activities bordered on the bizarre.  He turned his modest Arizona home into a bunker, renounced his U. S. citizenship, and began making and exploding homemade bombs.  (According to a book by two inmates who later shared death row with McVeigh, his recipe for the bomb he would use in Oklahoma City came from a patriot friend, who used his chemistry degree from the University of California as a Meth manufacturer.) About this same time, McVeigh's own use of methamphetamines increased.  He became increasingly vocal in promoting his apocalyptic world view.  In July 1994, he and Michael Fortier trespassed on to \"Area 51,\" a top secret government reservation for weapons testing located near Roswell, New Mexico.  Two months later, he journeyed to Gulfport, Mississippi to investigate a rumor that the town had become a staging area for United Nations troops and equipment. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.372143268585205, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "In September 1994, according to both McVeigh and the findings of a federal grand jury, that the ex-Army sergeant began plotting to blow up the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.  The date identified by the grand jury for the start of the conspiracy was September 13.  On that day, McVeigh was--according to FBI records showing a receipt for a motel room in Vian, Oklahoma--visiting Elohim City, and probably participating with other anti-government activists in a series of military maneuvers.  September 13 also marked the day, coincidentally or not, that a new federal law banning assault weapons became law.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.739071846008301, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "By the end of September 1994, McVeigh's plot (we will, in this trial commentary, call it \"McVeigh's plot,\" although there is a body of evidence to suggest that others played significant planning roles as well) started to unfold.  On September 22, he rented a storage unit in Herington, Kansas , that would later be used to house explosive materials.  A week later, Terry Nichols bought a ton of ammonium nitrate, a key ingredient in the bomb that would be used in Oklahoma City.  Ammonium nitrate is a commonly used agricultural fertilizer and the purchase was made at a farm cooperative in McPherson, Kansas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.266282081604004, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "October 1994 was a busy month for McVeigh and his co-conspirators.  He and Terry Nichols bought a second ton of ammonium nitrate from the same farm cooperative.  A burglary at a quarry near Marion, Kansas on October 3 netted McVeigh and Nichols a supply of dynamite and blasting caps.  Wearing a biker disguise, McVeigh purchased nearly $3000 work of nitromethane, a racing fuel used in bomb construction, from a Dallas track.  In between these supply-gathering missions, McVeigh found time to visit Oklahoma City to inspect the building he had targeted, and to calculate his own position at the time the bomb would be likely to explode. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.629220485687256, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh also managed to fit in two separate visits in October to Kingman, Arizona.  He rented another storage locker and, with Michael Fortier watching, tested the explosive mixture that he had chosen for the Murrah Building bombing.  McVeigh tried to recruit Fortier to assist in the actual bombing, but Fortier balked, and asked, \"What about all the people?\"  McVeigh told Fortier to think of the victims as \"storm troopers in Star Wars\" who, although individually innocent, \"are guilty because they work for the evil empire.\"  Despite the persuasive efforts of McVeigh, Fortier made clear that he had no desire to be in Oklahoma City on the day of the bombing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.7372958660125732, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "McVeigh's close association with white supremacists and other government-haters at Elohim City continued throughout 1994.  In addition to joining in bank robberies, there is evidence to suggest that people at the compound were involved in the bombing plot itself.  According to BATF informant Carol Howe, who worked undercover in Elohim City, Andreas Strassmeir and Dennis Mahon made the first of three trips to Oklahoma City in November to inspect possible bombing targets.  Howe informed her supervisor of these developments.  The BATF was sufficiently alarmed by Howe's reports to plan a raid on Elohim City, but following a February 1995 meeting with officials from the FBI and U. S. Attorney's Office, the planned operation is called off.  There is no way of knowing whether the raid, if conducted, might have prevented the tragedy in Oklahoma City--but that remains a real possibility.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3737269937992096, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On April 5, two minutes after a phone call to the Ryder Rental Company made from his motel room in Kingman, McVeigh placed a call to Elohim City.  The contents of that phone conversation are unknown, of course, but there has been considerable speculation in books and on Internet sites, that McVeigh sought to coordinate bombing plans with some compound residents.  Three days after his phone call, McVeigh arrived in Oklahoma, where he was seen at Lady Godiva's , a Tulsa strip club, in the presence of Elohim City militants Andreas Strassmeir and a third man, who some people suggest might have been Michael Brescia.  A security camera in a dressing room at the strip club apparently recorded McVeigh telling a stripper, \"On April 19, you'll remember me for the rest of your life.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.843273162841797, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On Easter Sunday, April 16, McVeigh , Nichols, and (probably) \"John Doe #2\" drove to Oklahoma City. McVeigh and John Doe #2 drove in McVeigh's newly purchased Mercury Marquis, while Nichols followed behind in his pickup.  McVeigh parked the old Marquis, which was to be his getaway car, in a lot near the Murrah Building, and then rode back to the Dreamland Motel with Nichols and John Doe #2. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.22707462310791, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Stories of what happened next diverge considerably. Either alone (one story) or after picking up Brescia (another story), McVeigh drove to his Herington storage locker where he (or they) met (depending on which account you believe) either bomb expert Poindexter or Terry Nichols.  (According to Secrets Worth Dying For, McVeigh said Nichols was \"a no-show\" at the locker.  McVeigh is said to have complained, \"He and Mike [Fortier] were men who liked to talk tough, but in the end their bitches and kids ruled.\")  The men--whoever they were--loaded bags of fuses and drums of nitromethane into the truck.  In his authorized biography, McVeigh claimed that he and Nichols also loaded bags of fertilizer into the truck and then completed the assembly of the bomb later that morning at Geary Park.  In this version of events, McVeigh set off alone later that afternoon, heading south down I-35 for Oklahoma.  He parked the Ryder truck for the night near Ponca City, Oklahoma, sleeping in the cab.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.339672088623047, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "(In his alleged prison revelations to inmates, on the other hand, McVeigh reportedly said that the fertilizer had previously been loaded into a second \"decoy\" truck, and that two trucks--not one--were driven to Oklahoma City that afternoon.  Assembly of the bomb was said to have been completed that night at a warehouse in the Oklahoma capitol city with the help of Poindexter, McVeigh, and A.R.A. member Richard Guthrie.  In this far more dramatic version of events, related in Secrets Worth Dying For, Poindexter was killed by a throat slashing administered by an A.R.A. member after bomb assembly was completed.  The explanation given to McVeigh for the killing: \"Soldier, he was only hired help, not one of us.\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4509608745574951, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "FBI interviews provide some support for each of the conflicting stories.  The couple who own the Santa Fe Trail Diner in Herington, the site of McVeigh's storage locker, told federal interviewers that they saw McVeigh, Nichols, and a third man who resembled John Doe #2 having breakfast in their establishment around 8 a.m. on the morning before the bombing.  Witnesses also reported seeing a Ryder truck and another pickup truck at Geary Lake an hour or two later.  Owners of a steakhouse in Perry, Oklahoma told agents they saw McVeigh and \"a stocky companion\" eat dinner in their restaurant around 7 in the evening.  What to make of these various sightings? We might never know exactly who assisted McVeigh in the 24 hours leading up to the dreadful events of April 19, but the McVeigh-and-McVeigh-alone theory, and the McVeigh-and-just-Nichols theory, both seem to stretch credulity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.932966232299805, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On the morning that he would become the greatest mass murderer in American history, McVeigh chose to wear a T-shirt with a drawing of Abraham Lincoln and the words shouted by John Wilkes Booth after his assassination of the president, \"SIC SEMPER TYRANNIS\" (\"thus ever to tyrants\").  In the version of events related by McVeigh in his authorized biography, American Terrorist, he began driving south in his Ryder truck from Ponca City about 7 a.m. on the morning of April 19, having made an \"executive decision\" to move up the scheduled timing of the bombing.  In the more sensational version of events related in Secrets Worth Dying For, McVeigh, with Michael Brescia in the passenger seat of the Ryder truck, left an Oklahoma City warehouse around 8 a.m.  At 8:45, McVeigh pulled the truck into an Oklahoma City tire store to ask directions.  According to the store employee who talked with McVeigh, a second man wearing a baseball cap sat in the passenger seat of the vehicle as McVeigh sought directions to a downtown address six blocks away.  A video camera at 8:55 a.m. captured the Ryder truck as it headed toward the center of downtown Oklahoma City.  The Ryder truck drove up NW 5th street shortly before 9:00.  McVeigh lit two fuses.  He parked the truck in the handicapped zone in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, locked the vehicle, and strode quickly away in the direction of a nearby YMCA building.  At 9:02 a.m., shortly after many parents had dropped their toddlers off at the Murrah Building's second-floor daycare center, the bomb exploded, taking with it much of the building, killing 167 people, injuring another 509, and changing forever the lives of thousands of Oklahomans.  (The damage to the building was so extensive that many people believe there were in fact two blasts--the second coming from an ATF secure area where explosives being stored (illegally) were ignited by the truck bomb.  Both seismic evidence and witness testimony supports the \"two blast theory.\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6289705038070679, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Two news stories that followed the bombing reported raised interesting questions concerning a wider conspiracy.  In Arkansas, prison officials reported that in the days preceding April 19, Richard Snell repeatedly told them to expect a big bombing or explosion on the day of his execution.  Execution came for Snell exactly twelve hours after the Oklahoma City bombing.  Meanwhile, in Spokane, Washington, the local paper reported that Chevie Kehoe, a former Elohim City resident staying at a motel in the city, woke early on April 19 to demand that the motel owner turn the lobby television to CNN, telling him that \"something is going to happen and it's going to wake people up.\"  The motel owner said that Kehoe became ecstatic when news of the Oklahoma City bombing was announced.  \"It's about time!\" Kehoe is reported to have exclaimed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.779957294464111, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "About 80 minutes after the bombing, Charles Hanger, an Oklahoma Highway Patrol officer, noticed a McVeigh's Mercury driving north on I-35 , about twenty miles from the Kansas border.  The car carried no license plate, so the officer pulled the driver over.  When McVeigh turned out to be carrying a concealed weapon without a permit, in addition to driving without a license or a vehicle registration, he was arrested, booked, and placed in the county jail in Perry, Oklahoma.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7430387735366821, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Later that day, amidst the gruesome rubble of downtown Oklahoma City, federal agents found the vehicle identification number for the Ryder truck.  Within hours, investigators were in a car headed for Junction City, Kansas, to see who might have rented it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369659423828125, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Once authorities had the name of a suspect, it wasn't difficult to identify McVeigh's army buddy, Terry Nichols, as an additional target of suspicion.  McVeigh had listed the Nichols farm in Michigan as his home address.  Nichols turned himself into authorities in Herington, Kansas, and consented to a search of his home.  Searchers found guns, stolen goods, anti-government books, ammonium nitrate, a receipt for the purchase of the ammonium nitrate, Primadet explosive, a hand-drawn map of downtown Oklahoma City, and a telephone card used by McVeigh to make calls in his hunt for bomb-making materials. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.5287322998046875, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Fearing a fair trial was not possible in Oklahoma, U. S. District Judge Richard Matsch moved the trial to Denver.  Judge Matsch also ordered that McVeigh and Nichols be tried separately, with McVeigh's trial to begin first.  After receiving authorization from Attorney General Janet Reno to do so, prosecutors announced that they would seek the death penalty in both cases.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.97302770614624, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Opening statements began on April 24, in front of a packed courtroom at the Byron C. Rogers Courthouse and a closed-circuit viewing audience in Oklahoma that included many victims and their families.  Lead prosecutor Joseph Hartzler, a wheelchair-bound multiple sclerosis victim, led with a dramatic opening statement that reminded jurors of the tremendous losses suffered two years earlier: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.975836753845215, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Michael Fortier proved to be the state's most important witness.  Fortier could take jurors from the Timothy McVeigh he knew immediately after Waco, who at that time had unleashed a torrent of anti-government venom, to the one poised and ready to send a message to that same government in Oklahoma City.  Fortier told jurors how McVeigh, in his living room in October 1994, had provided him with detailed plans to blow up the Murrah Building.  By then, according to Fortier, McVeigh had already chosen the date for his attack to mark the second anniversary of the Waco assault.  One of the most memorable moments of the trial came when Joseph Hartzler asked Fortier, \"Did you have any discussion [with Tim McVeigh] about the deaths that such a bomb would cause?\"  Fortier replied, \"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.615259885787964, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "I asked him about that... I said, 'What about all the people?' And he explained to me, using the terms from the movie \"Star Wars\" -- he explained to me that he considered all those people to be as if they were the storm troopers in the movie \"Star Wars.\" They may be individually innocent; but because they are part of the -- the evil empire, they were -- they were guilty by association.\"  Fortier also revealed his own reaction, when he first heard the news from Oklahoma City: \"Oh my God, he did it.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.318660736083984, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The task of the defense team was all but impossible.  They could not come up with a single alibi witness.  They faced the reality that McVeigh had told dozens of people of his hatred of the government, and had told a friend that he planned to take violent action on April 19.  Rental agreements and a drawing of downtown Oklahoma City linked him to the blast.  He carried earplugs in his car driving north from Oklahoma City forty minutes after the explosion.  How could it all be explained away?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.775835990905762, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Six months after McVeigh received his sentence , co-conspirator Terry Nichols escaped a death verdict in his trial before Judge Matsch.  Although found guilty of conspiracy to bomb a federal building and eight counts of involuntary manslaughter, the jury acquitted Nichols on charges of using a weapon of mass destruction and first-degree murder.  The jury apparently agreed with the argument of defense attorney Michael Tigar that Nichols had decided to drop out of the conspiracy some time before the actual bombing.  The fact that Nichols spent April 19, 1995 at home with his family in Kansas probably figured large in the jury's decision.  The jury might also have been swayed by Nichols's show of remorse--he cried at several points during the testimony--, which stood in stark contrast to McVeigh's courtroom demeanor.  (In May 2004, Nichols found his life spared a second time, when a jury deadlocked on his sentence after he had been found guilty in state court in Oklahoma on 160 charges of first-degree murder.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.00809907913208, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "In a sixteen-page letter written to Judge Matsch prior to the imposition of sentence, Nichols wrote, \"If I did anything to contribute to the cause of the Oklahoma City bombing I am sorry, I'm truly sorry.\"  He implied in his letter that he never believed McVeigh would actually go through with his bombing plan.  On June 4, 1998, Nichols listened as Judge Matsch pronounced his sentence: life in prison without parole.  Authorities delivered Nichols to the same Colorado prison that housed McVeigh and other celebrity inmates including Unabomber Theodore Kacyznski and the mastermind of the first attack in 1993 on New York's World Trade Center, Ramzi Yousef.  (In a letter to the authors of American Terrorist, Kacyznski said he \"liked\" McVeigh, who he described as \"an adventurer by nature\" who, at the same time, was \"very intelligent\" and expressed ideas that \"seemed rational and sensible.\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.822082757949829, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The American public got its first chance to hear directly from McVeigh in March 2000, when prison officials allowed Ed Bradley of the CBS show \"Sixty Minutes\" to interview him.  McVeigh set only one condition for the interview: that Bradley not ask him whether he bombed the Murrah Building.  He still had last-ditch appeals to think about.  In the over thirty-minute interview, McVeigh offered his thoughts about politics, about his service in the Gulf War, and about what he perceived to be his unfair trial.  Still, however, he showed no remorse over what happened in Oklahoma City.  He blamed the U. S. government for teaching, through its aggressive foreign policy and application of the death penalty, the lesson that \"violence is an acceptable option.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7775171995162964, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "On the evening of June 10, McVeigh had his last meal (two pints of chocolate chip ice cream).  The next morning, he woke early to take a shower.  At 7 a.m., dressed in a shirt, khaki pants and slip-on shoes, McVeigh was led to the execution chamber.  A \"restraint team\" strapped him to a padded gurney.  The curtains over glass panels separating the chamber from a viewing area parted to allow 30 people to directly watch McVeigh's final moments, while another 300 victims and relatives gathered in Oklahoma City to watch the event on closed-circuit television.  McVeigh made no final statement, but instead left a handwritten copy of the poem \"Invictus,\" with its concluding lines, \"I am the master of my fate / I am the captain of my soul.\"  Warden Harley Lappin read an official statement and then said, \"We are ready.\"  As the drugs entered his veins, McVeigh lifted his head and made eye contact with witnesses in the viewing room.  He was pronounced dead at 7:14 a.m. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.249692916870117, "source": "search", "title": "The Oklahoma City Bombing & The Trial of Timothy McVeigh" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Supporting a contention made by the prosecution, the defense argued that the 1993 siege near Waco, Texas, became a source of bitter anger for McVeigh. About 80 members of the Branch Davidian cult were killed during a federal assault exactly two years before the Oklahoma blast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.21102997660636902, "source": "search", "title": "CNN - McVeigh sentenced to die for Oklahoma City bombing ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Prosecutors, citing vivid testimony from blast survivors and victims, argued that the blast was so lethal and destructive that McVeigh deserved death. Several prosecution witnesses brought jurors to tears with their accounts of mayhem, heroism and random death in Oklahoma City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.20475879311561584, "source": "search", "title": "CNN - McVeigh sentenced to die for Oklahoma City bombing ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The trial was moved to Denver by U.S. District Judge Richard Matsch because he said McVeigh could not \"obtain a fair and impartial trial at any place\" in Oklahoma.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.929177761077881, "source": "search", "title": "CNN - McVeigh sentenced to die for Oklahoma City bombing ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The nearly 1 million pages of paper documents from Stepen Jones fill the 550 file cabinet-sized boxes at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas, where the Enid, Oklahoma, attorney received his undergraduate degree.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.52649974822998, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy McVeigh viewed Oklahoma City bombing as failure ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Don Carleton, executive director of the museum, said Jones wasn’t comfortable putting the material at an Oklahoma institution in fears that it would look like a shrine to the convicted bomber.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.459917068481445, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy McVeigh viewed Oklahoma City bombing as failure ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "In the polygraph interview, McVeigh said when he was pulled over by an Oklahoma highway trooper shortly after the bombing for not displaying a license plate on his car, he had \"several opportunities to kill the trooper, however, did not because he was a state official and not a federal official.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.487135648727417, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy McVeigh viewed Oklahoma City bombing as failure ..." }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "Oklahoma City bomber a study in contradictions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08349323272705, "source": "search", "title": "CNN Programs - People in the News" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "The 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City killed 168 people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.281242370605469, "source": "search", "title": "CNN Programs - People in the News" }, { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "But Inspector Jerry Flowers of the Oklahoma City police department gives a less technical description of the scene immediately following the blast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508566856384277, "source": "search", "title": "CNN Programs - People in the News" } ]

[ { "answer": "Fawn Hall", "passage": "The scandal was compounded when Oliver North destroyed or hid pertinent documents between November 21 and November 25, 1986. During North's trial in 1989, his secretary, Fawn Hall, testified extensively about helping North alter, shred, and remove official United States National Security Council (NSC) documents from the White House. According to the New York Times, enough documents were put into a government shredder to jam it. North's explanation for destroying some documents was to protect the lives of individuals involved in Iran and Contra operations. It was not until 1993, years after the trial, that North's notebooks were made public, and only after the National Security Archive and Public Citizen sued the Office of the Independent Counsel under the Freedom of Information Act. ", "precise_score": 7.142977714538574, "rough_score": 7.9685282707214355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran–Contra affair" }, { "answer": "Fawn Hall", "passage": "National Security Council staffer Marine Lieutenant Cololonel Oliver North, and his secretary Fawn Hall. Hall testified on June 8 and 9, 1987, and North testified from July 7 to July 14. Both became nationally known. So many viewers considered North's demeanor to be so professional and patriotic that he became somewhat of a national hero. Not all the popular culture about Oliver North, however, is supportive. Whenever President Reagan shows up in the Iran-Contra pop culture, it is always in the context of questioning the credibility of his stated knowledge of actions of his subordinates.", "precise_score": 6.316735744476318, "rough_score": 6.6787543296813965, "source": "search", "title": "The Iran-Contra Affair - The Authentic History Center" }, { "answer": "Fawn Hall", "passage": "North was tried in 1988. He was indicted on 16 felony counts, and on May 4, 1989, he was initially convicted of three: accepting an illegal gratuity, aiding and abetting in the obstruction of a congressional inquiry, and ordering the destruction of documents through his secretary, Fawn Hall. He was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Gerhard Gesell on July 5, 1989, to a three-year suspended prison term, two years probation, $150,000 in fines, and 1,200 hours of community service. North performed some of his community service within Potomac Gardens, a public housing project in Southeast Washington, D.C. However, on July 20, 1990, with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), North's convictions were vacated, after the appeals court found that witnesses in his trial might have been impermissibly affected by his immunized congressional testimony. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.842076778411865, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver North" }, { "answer": "Fawn Hall", "passage": "Both the sale of weapons to Iran, and the funding of the Contras, attempted to circumvent not only stated administration policy, but also the Boland Amendment. Administration officials argued that regardless of the Congress restricting the funds for the Contras, or any affair, the President (or in this case the administration) could carry on by seeking alternative means of funding such as private entities and foreign governments. Funding from one foreign country, Brunei, was botched when North's secretary, Fawn Hall, transposed the numbers of North's Swiss bank account number. A Swiss businessman, suddenly $10 million richer, alerted the authorities of the mistake. The money was eventually returned to the Sultan of Brunei, with interest. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.360437393188477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran–Contra affair" }, { "answer": "Fawn Hall", "passage": "* Fawn Hall, Oliver North's secretary, was given immunity from prosecution on charges of conspiracy and destroying documents in exchange for her testimony. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.327148914337158, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iran–Contra affair" }, { "answer": "Fawn Hall", "passage": "Fawn Hall testifying, 6/9/87", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416369438171387, "source": "search", "title": "The Iran-Contra Affair - The Authentic History Center" }, { "answer": "Fawn Hall", "passage": "During North's Fawn Hall testified extensively about helping North alter, shred, and remove official United States NSC documents from the White House. According to The New York Times, enough documents were put into a government shredder to jam it. North's explanation for destroying some documents was to protect the lives of individuals involved in Iran and Contra operations. During the trial North testified that on November 21, 22, or 24, 1986, he witnessed Poindexter destroy what may have been the only signed copy of a presidential covert-action finding that sought to authorize CIA participation in the November 1985 Hawk missile shipment to Iran.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.303518533706665, "source": "search", "title": "The Iran-Contra Affair - The Authentic History Center" } ]

[ { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Darling Lili, whose star, Julie Andrews, Edwards later married, is considered by many followers of Edwards's films as \"the director's masterpiece\". According to critic George Morris, \"it synthesizes every major Edwards theme: the disappearance of gallantry and honor, the tension between appearances and reality and the emotional, spiritual, moral, and psychological disorder\" in such a world. Edwards used difficult cinematography techniques, including long-shot zooms, tracking, and focus distortion, to great effect.", "precise_score": 4.809549808502197, "rough_score": 7.200737476348877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Blake Edwards" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Edwards' second marriage from 1969 until his death was to Julie Andrews. Andrews had a daughter, Emma, from her previous marriage, and the couple adopted two orphans from Vietnam in the early 1970s, Amelia Leigh and Joanna Lynne. Andrews appeared in a number of his films, including Darling Lili, 10, Victor Victoria and the autobiographical satire S.O.B., in which Andrews played a character who was a caricature of herself. In 1995, he wrote the book for the stage musical adaptation of Victor/Victoria, also starring Andrews.", "precise_score": 0.9442044496536255, "rough_score": 3.0753252506256104, "source": "wiki", "title": "Blake Edwards" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Met wife-to-be Julie Andrews after she'd heard that he once described her as being, \"...so sweet she probably has violets between her legs.\" Andrews was so entertained by the remark she sent Edwards a bunch of violets accompanied by a note. They began dating and later married.", "precise_score": -0.68833988904953, "rough_score": -1.5825417041778564, "source": "search", "title": "Blake Edwards - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "As of 2007, he is one of six directors who has directed his wife to a Best Actress Oscar nomination ( Julie Andrews in Victor Victoria (1982)). The other five are Joel Coen directing Frances McDormand in Fargo (1996), John Cassavetes directing Gena Rowlands in A Woman Under the Influence (1974) & Gloria (1980), Richard Brooks directing Jean Simmons in The Happy Ending (1969), Paul Czinner directing Elisabeth Bergner in Escape Me Never (1935) and Paul Newman directing Joanne Woodward in Rachel, Rachel (1968). Jules Dassin also directed his future wife Melina Mercouri in an Oscar-nominated performance ( Never on Sunday (1960)), but they weren't married yet at the time of the nomination.", "precise_score": -3.653183698654175, "rough_score": 0.3328148424625397, "source": "search", "title": "Blake Edwards - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Dame Julie Andrews was in mourning last night following the death of her husband, film director Blake Edwards at the age of 88.", "precise_score": 6.241748332977295, "rough_score": 7.98023796081543, "source": "search", "title": "Director Blake Edwards, 88, dies of pneumonia | Daily Mail ..." }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Happy marriage: Edwards' widow Dame Julie Andrews, pictured at the Cannes Film Festival in 1992, was by his side when he died", "precise_score": 1.3875268697738647, "rough_score": 2.4615001678466797, "source": "search", "title": "Director Blake Edwards, 88, dies of pneumonia | Daily Mail ..." }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile", "precise_score": 5.602163791656494, "rough_score": 6.914097309112549, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards", "precise_score": 4.4544548988342285, "rough_score": 0.3558943271636963, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards", "precise_score": 4.4544548988342285, "rough_score": 0.3558943271636963, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Before they were married, Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards in Hollywood, California in 1967.  Photo: Fotos International / Getty Images", "precise_score": 6.211129188537598, "rough_score": 8.024499893188477, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Together for 41 years, the marriage of Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards ended with the death of Blake in December 2010. Here's information on how they met, their children, and more.", "precise_score": 5.669353485107422, "rough_score": 5.851105690002441, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Quotes About the Marriage of Blake Edwards and Julie Andrews:", "precise_score": 5.521394729614258, "rough_score": 6.66652774810791, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "1982: Julie Andrews, James Garner and Robert Preston, in the film Victor/Victoria, directed by Blake Edwards.", "precise_score": 2.266252040863037, "rough_score": 2.7588369846343994, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Although Hollywood was no longer producing the kind of musical films that had made her famous, Julie Andrews continued to develop her dramatic talents in a wider variety of roles in the 1970s and ’80s, appearing in a number of films directed by her husband, Blake Edwards, including The Tamarind Seed, 10, S.O.B. and That’s Life. Andrews and Edwards enjoyed a notable success with the 1982 film Victor/Victoria, in which Andrews played a woman who disguises herself as a young man and achieves success on stage as a female impersonator. This comedy of gender confusion struck a chord with international audiences in the 1980s and reunited her with co-star James Garner.", "precise_score": 4.500369071960449, "rough_score": 5.533368110656738, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "She topped the bestseller lists again in 2010 with her 23rd book, A Very Fairy Princess. The same year saw Julie Andrews back on the big screen in The Tooth Fairy, and marked her return to the London stage for the first time in 21 years, in a concert performance at the O2 Arena before 20,000 adoring fans. This triumphant year came to a sad end with the loss of her husband of 41 years, Blake Edwards, shortly before Christmas. Julie Andrews and her children were with Edwards at the time of his death in a Santa Monica hospital. The couple had long maintained homes in Los Angeles and in Gstaad, Switzerland.", "precise_score": 2.3587472438812256, "rough_score": -0.9820796251296997, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "The film-maker Blake Edwards , who has died aged 88, will be best remembered as the creator of the Pink Panther films, and as the husband of the entertainer Julie Andrews. But Edwards was a third-generation show-business figure whose complex and controversial career spanned more than 50 years, initially as an actor and writer and subsequently as one of America's most prolific producer-directors, primarily concerned with the popular genres of comedy and musicals and with creating television series.", "precise_score": 6.1859517097473145, "rough_score": 7.131117343902588, "source": "search", "title": "Blake Edwards obituary | Film | The Guardian" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews & Blake Edwards | Hollywood Marriages | XFINITY", "precise_score": 5.103145599365234, "rough_score": 4.450770854949951, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews & Blake Edwards | Hollywood Marriages | XFINITY" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews & Blake Edwards", "precise_score": 3.4548091888427734, "rough_score": -0.7277535796165466, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews & Blake Edwards | Hollywood Marriages | XFINITY" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Actress/singer Julie Andrews and \"Pink Panther\" director Blake Edwards married on November 12, 1969. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)", "precise_score": 9.885931015014648, "rough_score": 10.162290573120117, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews & Blake Edwards | Hollywood Marriages | XFINITY" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews & ... Actress/singer Julie Andrews and \"Pink Panther\" director Blake Edwards married on November 12, 1969. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)", "precise_score": 9.498812675476074, "rough_score": 10.240387916564941, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews & Blake Edwards | Hollywood Marriages | XFINITY" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "[on Julie Andrews ] It's marvelous to direct her. She's enormously professional and understands that in the final analysis the last word is mine. Actually, working with Julie on a film is a whole lot easier than working with many people that I'm not married to!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.894268989562988, "source": "search", "title": "Blake Edwards - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews with Edwards after he was awarded the Legion Of Honour, in Cannes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.460529327392578, "source": "search", "title": "Director Blake Edwards, 88, dies of pneumonia | Daily Mail ..." }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Box office gold: Dudley Moore with Julie Andrews and Bo Derek in Blake Edwards' smash hit film '10'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.702025890350342, "source": "search", "title": "Director Blake Edwards, 88, dies of pneumonia | Daily Mail ..." }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "[on Julie Andrews ] It's marvelous to direct her. She's enormously professional and understands that in the final analysis the last word is mine. Actually, working with Julie on a film is a whole lot easier than working with many people that I'm not married to! See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.93345832824707, "source": "search", "title": "Blake Edwards - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Met wife-to-be Julie Andrews after she'd heard that he once described her as being, \"...so sweet she probably has violets between her legs.\" Andrews was so entertained by the remark she sent Edwards a bunch of violets accompanied by a note. They began dating and later married. See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7452985048294067, "source": "search", "title": "Blake Edwards - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews aka Julia Elizabeth Wells: October 1, 1935 in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.057486534118652, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Source: Richard Stirling. Julie Andrews: An Intimate Biography. 2008. pg. 277.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.011661529541016, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Source: Richard Stirling. Julie Andrews: An Intimate Biography. 2008. pg. 277.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.011661529541016, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Source: Richard Stirling. Julie Andrews: An Intimate Biography. 2008. pg. 34.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.012004852294922, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Source: Julie Andrews. Home: A Memoir of My Early Years. 2009. pg. 261.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.077086448669434, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Source: Julie Andrews. Home: A Memoir of My Early Years. 2009. pg. 259.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.111916542053223, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Source: Richard Stirling. Julie Andrews: An Intimate Biography. 2008. pg. 207.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03580379486084, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Source: \"Actress Julie Andrews Divorces London Stage Designer.\" The Daily Review. Hayward, California. 05/08/1968. pg. 9.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.71519947052002, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards - Marriage Profile" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Dame Julie Andrews - Academy of Achievement", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.83437728881836, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Dame Julie Andrews", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53542709350586, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "The star we know today as Julie Andrews was born Julia Elizabeth Wells in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, then a small village, roughly 18 miles south of London, England. Her father, Ted Wells, was a schoolteacher and enjoyed the simple life of the countryside. Her mother, Barbara, a talented pianist, taught piano but longed for a career on the stage. Ted and Barbara Wells divorced on the eve of World War II, and Barbara married Ted Andrews, a professional singer. Ted and Barbara Andrews formed a musical act and toured England entertaining the troops. Ted Andrews gave the little girl her first singing lessons, and was immediately impressed with the child’s strong voice, large vocal range, perfect pitch and precocious musical ability. At age eight, she was taken to study with Lilian Styles-Allen, a noted concert singer. Styles-Allen trained her pupil in operatic repertoire and taught her the perfect diction for which she would become famous. Although Julia remained close to her father, she lived with her mother and took her stepfather’s surname when she joined the family act at age ten.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.290247440338135, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Twelve-year-old Julie Andrews at play in the family music room in this 1947 publicity photo. (© Bettmann/CORBIS)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.238391876220703, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews, as she was now known, made her radio debut in 1946, singing a duet with Ted Andrews on a BBC variety show. She gave her first performance as a solo artist at London’s Stage Door Canteen, where she was seen by two members of the Royal Family, the mother and sister of the present Queen. The exquisitely self-possessed little girl with the crystal-clear voice was attracting the attention of serious theatrical management and was soon ready to make the move from provincial music halls to the theaters of London’s West End. At age 12, Julie Andrews was cast in a musical revue, Starlight Roof, at the London Hippodrome. Her first appearance stopped the show, and the revue ran for over a year. Julie Andrews became the youngest performer ever to appear at a Royal Command performance, singing an aria from Mignon for King George VI at the London Palladium.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.07247257232666, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "In the 1950s, Julie Andrews was a regular on the popular BBC radio show Educating Archie. (Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.770647048950195, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "The teenage Julie Andrews was a regular presence on popular British radio shows in the 1950s, and as she grew into young womanhood, she played leading roles in a series of Christmas pantomimes. The “pantos,” a holiday tradition in Britain, are popular family entertainments, usually based on a familiar fairy tale. Far from being silent, as the name might suggest, they typically include lots of singing, dancing and male comedians in drag. Each holiday season of her teens found Julie Andrews playing another fairy tale heroine, from Little Red Riding Hood to princesses in Aladdin and Jack and the Beanstalk. She was appearing in one of these when she met an aspiring artist named Tony Walton, who would play a large role in her later life. During the regular season she continued to perform as a solo artist and with Ted and Barbara Andrews.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.863018989562988, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews was playing the title role in the pantomime Cinderella when she was first seen by the songwriter Sandy Wilson and the American producer Cy Feuer. Wilson was the creator of a popular West End musical, The Boy Friend, a pastiche of the musical comedies of the 1920s. Cy Feuer planned to bring the show to Broadway and wanted to recruit a British cast to preserve the flavor of the London production. When Feuer and his partner, Ernest Martin, offered Julie Andrews the lead in the Broadway production of The Boy Friend, she was reluctant to travel to America. She was only 18 and had never traveled so far from her family. She finally agreed to a one-year contract, and boarded the plane for the country where she would spend most of her life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.345309257507324, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Rex Harrison, Julie Andrews, and Robert Coote performing the song “The Rain in Spain” from My Fair Lady.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.420241355895996, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "The Boy Friend was an immediate success on Broadway, and the teenage Julie Andrews was a sensation, delighting critics and audiences with her fresh good looks, grace, sparkling singing voice and gem-like diction. She was asked to audition for the words and music team of Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe, who were preparing the original production of My Fair Lady, their musical version of the play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. Lerner and Loewe had not enjoyed a success on Broadway since Brigadoon, almost a decade earlier, and many Broadway hands doubted that the two could make a successful musical out of George Bernard Shaw’s classic comedy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.327235221862793, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "The role of Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion — a bedraggled street urchin in the first act, transformed into a regal society beauty in the second — had already been played by many distinguished actresses on stage and screen. The musical adaptation called for a versatile young actress who was also an accomplished singer. Although a number of established stars coveted the part, Lerner, Loewe and director Moss Hart decided to take a chance on the 20-year-old Julie Andrews, who had never before acted in such a demanding role. Her costar, Rex Harrison, an experienced stage and film star, had never sung on stage before. The rehearsals were difficult. Although Andrews was more than capable of carrying off the demanding songs, her relative lack of acting experience caused unease in the company. Director Hart worked with her tirelessly, a process she recounts in her interview with the Academy of Achievement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.762067794799805, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "When My Fair Lady opened in 1956, it was an unprecedented success. Critics acclaimed it as the greatest musical ever staged and it sold out months in advance. Julie Andrews won universal praise for her incandescent performance. The original cast recording became a best-seller, one of the most successful releases in the history of Columbia Records. It remained a mainstay of the label’s catalogue for many years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544171333312988, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews in High Tor, filmed in 1955 by Desilu Productions and broadcast March 10, 1956 on the television series Ford Star Jubilee. The film starred Bing Crosby, Nancy Olson, Hans Conreid, and Keenan Wynn. (CBS)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.008563041687012, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Days before the show opened, Andrews also made her American television debut in a musical version of the Maxwell Anderson play High Tor, appearing opposite Bing Crosby. After playing Cinderella in pantomime and starring in the most successful of modern Cinderella stories, Julie Andrews was asked to play the role yet again when America’s premier theatrical songwriters, Rodgers and Hammerstein, wrote an original musical for television with the new star in mind. Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Cinderella aired live on CBS, with Andrews taking a night off from her eight-performance-a-week schedule in My Fair Lady.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.614433288574219, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "After two years of playing Eliza on Broadway, Julie Andrews returned at last to England to star in My Fair Lady in London’s West End. The show was just as successful in London as it had been in New York, and she settled in for a second long run in the show. While in London, she renewed her acquaintance with her childhood friend Tony Walton, who was now embarking on his own theatrical career as a designer of sets and costumes. Andrews and Walton were married in 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.156506538391113, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "1960:, Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner cast Julie Andrews in a period musical as Queen Guinevere in Camelot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.577022552490234, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Back in New York, Lerner, Loewe and director Moss Hart were eager for Julie Andrews to star as Queen Guinevere in their new musical, Camelot, with Richard Burton as King Arthur and Broadway newcomer Robert Goulet as Lancelot. Despite the acclaimed performances of a prodigiously talented cast, the show’s Broadway run got off to a rocky start. Initial ticket sales were slow, but when Andrews and Burton performed scenes from the show on the popular Ed Sullivan television program, box office demand skyrocketed. The original cast recording sold well and was a particular favorite of President John F. Kennedy and Mrs. Kennedy in the White House.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.139384746551514, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Audrey Hepburn and Julie Andrews at the 1965 Academy Awards. Hepburn beat out Andrews for the leading role in the film of My Fair Lady, but Andrews won the year’s Best Actress Oscar for her performance in Mary Poppins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.425150871276855, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Meanwhile, Julie Andrews set to work on her film for Walt Disney. Mary Poppins was a huge success and immediately established Julie Andrews as an international film star. Her triumph was confirmed when she won the 1964 Best Actress Oscar for her very first film appearance. She followed up this success with her dramatic film debut in the World War II satire The Americanization of Emily with James Garner, who would become a frequent co-star and lifelong friend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.702348709106445, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "1965: Julie Andrews as Maria von Trapp in The Sound of Music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.498223304748535, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "After a number of successful television specials with her friend Carol Burnett, Julie Andrews hosted her own weekly variety show on CBS television in the 1972-73 season. She also enjoyed great success as a concert artist, with appearances at the Royal Albert Hall and the London Palladium. In these years, she also began writing children’s books under her married name, Julie Andrews Edwards. After the success of Mandy (1971) and The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles (1974), she collaborated with her daughter, Emma Walton, on Dumpy the Dump Truck and its many sequels, a popular series of books for very small children. Her novels Dragon and Simeon’s Gift introduce young readers to the lore of the Middle Ages. Several of her books have been illustrated by her ex-husband, Tony Walton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6689984798431396, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Andrews returned to the New York theater in 1993 with an appearance in the small ensemble cast of the Stephen Sondheim revue Putting It Together. It was clear that theater audiences wanted more of Julie Andrews, and she brought a stage version of Victor/Victoria to Broadway in 1995. An enormous success with critics and the public, Andrews appeared in the show for two years. After developing vocal problems, due to the growth of ovules on her vocal chords, she sought treatment through surgery, but the operation damaged her larynx irreparably, presumably ending her singing career. Expert opinion concluded that the surgery had been improperly performed and Andrews received a settlement, reported to be as high as $30 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.574857711791992, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "During the Academy’s 2006 International Achievement Summit in Los Angeles, Dame Julie Andrews shared her vivid memories of shooting the timeless classic The Sound of Music right there at the 20th Century Fox studio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.595911026000977, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Her speaking voice remained unimpaired, and Andrews has continued her acting career. A new audience discovered Julie Andrews through her role as the Queen in the film The Princess Diaries and its sequel. Her speaking voice has also been heard in the animated Shrek films and in 2010’s Despicable Me. In the sixth decade of her career, Julie Andrews is branching out in still more avenues of the performing arts, directing a successful revival of The Boy Friend, the show that first brought her to America as a teenager. She continues to act, direct, write and contribute her boundless energy to her favorite causes, including Operation USA and Haitian earthquake relief.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.98762035369873, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "In 2008, Andrews published the first volume of her autobiography: Home: A Memoir of My Early Years, recounting her life up until her departure for Hollywood to star in Mary Poppins. The book received excellent reviews and immediately went to the top of The New York Times bestseller list. The same year, she made a cautious return to singing in a touring concert performance, Julie Andrews: The Gift of Music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.322650909423828, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "One of the most beloved performers in the world, Julie Andrews made her Broadway debut at age 18 in The Boy Friend. Historic successes followed in the original productions of My Fair Lady and Camelot. She won the Oscar for Best Actress in her first film, playing the title role in Mary Poppins. Perhaps the greatest triumph of her career came with the leading role in The Sound of Music, one of the most popular motion pictures of all time. Her crystalline singing voice, wholesome appeal, natural elegance and sly humor made her a top box office draw around the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.804837226867676, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Well, it opened out of town in New Haven on a stormy winter’s night. Great drama. Then it opened in 1956 at the Mark Hellinger Theater in New York City on Broadway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.909547805786133, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: I was a little curious about it myself, but I only had to hear the songs to know that Alan Jay Lerner had really done Shaw justice. I believe to this day that these songs just took off where the text of the play finished. And he was a giant. Both Lerner and Loewe, and particularly Moss Hart, who was the director of My Fair Lady. They were giants, and I was lucky enough to be led by gentle giants in every respect in those days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.426443099975586, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Yes, I was. I was 21 not too long after My Fair Lady opened, yes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.935235023498535, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: No. Actually what happened was…", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18707275390625, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Pretty awful, I would imagine. There I was, singing something like — if memory serves — it was something like the waltz song from Tom Jones or something, an excruciatingly high big note, which I belted out as loudly as I could, and a lot of coloratura. But I guess they figured I had the voice for it, now if only I could act. And that’s what Moss Hart gave me.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.001518249511719, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "1979: Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews in New York City. (Photo by Sonia Moskowitz/IMAGES/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.519458770751953, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Rex, I think, they were much more sure about. He couldn’t sing, but he had an innate musicality which enabled him to kind of do a sing-speak sound, which was great and exactly right because it blended straight out of dialogue into song.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.034003257751465, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Lovely man, and I credit him with all that I am today, because had it not been for Moss I probably would have gone back to England.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.783217430114746, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "1959: American actress and socialite Kitty Carlisle stands with her husband, playwright and theatrical director Moss Hart (1904-1961) in Times Square, New York City. By far, Moss Hart’s biggest Broadway hit was the musical My Fair Lady starring Julie Andrews. The musical was adapted from George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion, with lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. My Fair Lady ran over seven years and earned the Tony Award for Best Musical in 1956. Moss Hart received the Tony Award for Best Director. (Alfred Eisenstaedt/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4093427658081055, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Moss Hart really just helped me find Eliza and he demonstrated. He said, “No, no, no, you’re acting like a school girl,” or “That’s better, that’s better,” you know. It’s hard to say what he did. He created pictures in my head. He helped me understand some of Eliza’s dilemma. I don’t know which was the hardest part, the first half or the second half because they were both very hard. I was struggling with the Cockney accent. I’m not great at accents, believe it or not. Even though I have a good ear for things, I don’t have a great ear for accents. But I was struggling with that, too. He just helped me see what courage this young lady had. Eliza Doolittle that is. We rehearsed on the roof of the New Amsterdam Theatre, which in those days was the scruffiest, dirtiest place. That’s the theater where all the Ziegfeld Follies had been, and there was this great nightclub up above that had gone into terrible disrepair. Anyway, I knew going down to the New Amsterdam that I was in for an awful time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.895085334777832, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews, Robert Goulet and Richard Burton, the leading cast of the musical Camelot, November 1960. Andrews played Guinevere, Goulet was Lancelot and Burton played Arthur. (Friedman-Abeles, New York)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.456701278686523, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Again, the good fortune in my life suddenly came along. After My Fair Lady I was very lucky to do Camelot for Lerner and Loewe with the wondrous Richard Burton. By now I was married to Tony Walton and I did know my way around Broadway, and I knew a little bit more about performing, and everybody trusted me and I wasn’t quite so desperately shy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.563661098480225, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: I did make my peace with it. That isn’t to say that years later I didn’t wish that somewhere, somehow I had put down My Fair Lady definitively, just so that my children or my grandchildren could see it. But in the great scheme of things I ain’t complaining one bit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.984569549560547, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: I honestly didn’t think I would. I really thought Anne Bancroft was going to get it that year for The Pumpkin Eater. She was superb in that movie. And Poppins was my first film. I never dreamed I would get it. Actually, when I did get that Oscar I really felt that it was more because I had missed out on My Fair Lady, that Hollywood was (a) saying welcome and (b) saying how sorry they were that I didn’t get it. In the speech that I gave I said, “I always knew Americans were generous but this is absolutely ridiculous,” and I really felt that it was generosity and their saying, “Welcome, welcome.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.804149627685547, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews in her most popular film, The Sound of Music. (Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.488954544067383, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: When I was first asked if I would like to do Sound of Music, I was very thrilled to be asked and very glad that I was going to do the movie, but was a little careful about certain aspects of it because it was tremendously saccharine, on Broadway particularly, and it seemed to me that if we weren’t careful with the real scenery and with everything else that was going into it, it could be horribly sugary. And I certainly made every effort to make it more astringent, and the great Christopher Plummer contributed so much in that respect. It was his performance that was the glue, the vinegar that held the film together. And then Robert Wise, who was again an adorable man, our director, and he taught me a great deal about filmmaking because Mary Poppins was the first film I ever made, and then I made one called The Americanization of Emily, but by the time I got to Sound of Music I was probably getting full of a lot of little tricks and things that I didn’t know I was doing, and Bob said, “Don’t do that. Don’t do that. Do that.” And I really learned a little bit more about filmmaking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.788333892822266, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, which is where I was born, is about 20 miles south-southwest of London, and when I was very young it was just a country stop on the railway line and it is now part of Greater London and very much suburbia. And I know the ins and outs of it, but there are very few places that you recognize in terms of the way it used to be. But, it’s a very sweet place. It’s sort of the middle village between a very up-market village and a very low, poverty village, at least in the early days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210735321044922, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: My real father was a school teacher. He taught practical crafts and English and math. My mother remarried when I was about four or five years old, so I then went to live with my mum and stepfather, and he was a fine tenor, he had a singing voice. He was from Canada, from Toronto. He joined forces in more ways than one with my mother in that she was a really wonderful pianist and probably should have been a performing concert pianist but, in fact, due to circumstances and the war and tremendous poverty and things like that, they became part of a vaudeville act. And consequently, I knew nothing else but that, and to their amazement, I think, they discovered when I was about eight years old — my stepfather, I think in an attempt to become a little closer to me, decided to give me some singing lessons because my school had closed down because of the escalation of the war. And, I think he thought it would just sort of “keep me quiet,” so to speak. And, they discovered that I had this four-octave soprano voice, which surprised them since it was my stepfather who sang, not my real dad at all. And so, I knew nothing but vaudeville — music hall — gradually began to appear with my mum and my stepdad and tour the halls, and made a fairly important, for me, debut when I was about 12 years old.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.675095558166504, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: You’ve done your homework! Yes, my mother was the pianist. My aunt was a dancer and they were two extraordinary ladies. I’d love to write about them one day. My aunt founded a dancing school, which she ran for almost 50 years in Walton-on-Thames. She would put on her local shows and that was when I think I made my real first debut. I think I was either Winken, Blinken or Nod, one of the three.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.397882461547852, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: No speaking role but probably a lot of bouncing about in a baby suit of some kind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306863784790039, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Not really. I enjoyed it immensely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96385383605957, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Well, it was a sophisticated London revue and it was at a theater which is no longer there. It was called the London Hippodrome, and it’s now just a sort of nightclub in Lester Square, London. But, it was a very beautiful theater and I was literally the smallest person on the bill. And because it was so sophisticated, the producers thought perhaps it wasn’t right that I would be singing in this show and the night before we opened they decided that they couldn’t use me. And, of course, my mom being somewhat of a stage mum, sort of said, “No, you can’t do this to this child. It’s her great debut,” and so on. And so, she and my stepfather and their agent descended on the poor producer and they said, “She’ll sing a much more difficult song and you’ll see.” And so, I auditioned for a much more difficult song and the end result was that I was in the show, stayed in the show, and on opening night the audience went crazy, and it was a complete standing ovation. The first thing I had ever really done. The first time I had ever really tried anything that important. And, the press followed me home. You know, the kind of thing when you’re a young fluke in a way, and that was the beginning of a very busy few years right through my teens of touring and radio and early, early television and so on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61564826965332, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: The name of the show at the London Hippodrome was Starlight Roof. And it starred English performers: Vic Oliver, Fred Emney, Pat Kirkwood, all very talented. Patricia Kirkwood was a very glorious looking lady with wonderful long legs. She was the leading lady in every sense.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.041523933410645, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Yes. There was a lot of evacuation going on at that time. All the children were being evacuated into the country. I was, too, for a while. The air raids towards the end of the war particularly were coming so fast and furiously — with the doodlebugs (buzz bombs) as we called them — that no housewife could get anything done and everything just ground to a halt for a while.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.250228881835938, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Yes. My stepfather was very smart, in that he knew he didn’t have the ability to teach, and because it was such a very young voice, but such a sort of oddly powerful one, he knew that he had to put me in good hands if he could. And so, he took me to his teacher who was a very fine dramatic soprano, an English dramatic soprano. She’d done a lot of Handel. I can’t even think of the right word at this point. But, she was a very gentle woman and I was with her for most of my early life. Only when I went to Broadway did I kind of not work with her, and of course I prepared with her to go to Broadway, but she didn’t actually come with me. But, the foundation that she gave me and the technique — the technical foundation — was terrific.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.78662109375, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Her name was Lillian Stiles-Allen and she had an extraordinary voice. A voice much like Kirsten Flagstad or Birgit Nilsson, that wonderful kind of fluted sound that comes out of those extraordinary dramatic sopranos. She firmly believed — and taught me — that your voice would hold up for you if you were true to your words. She said there could be people in the audience that needed to see what you were saying, because maybe they were hearing impaired in some way. But more than anything, she said if you relied on those words the voice would come through for you. In other words, be true to your vowels, be true to the consonants that were strong, and not in a kind of glottal way but just really use them as stepping stones to a good foundation for a voice. She was absolutely right.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.915701866149902, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: I sang in those days a lot of sort of opera and operetta. I felt that I knew, and I believe that I was right, that I really didn’t have the voice for it. My own voice was very white, very, very thin, and I was able to do these incredible sort of gymnastics with it, tremendous sort of calisthenics, but in a coloratura way, and it was so high that dogs for miles around would howl when I took some of the high notes on. But, she gave me the groundwork of opera and she always said, “Go beyond your reach. If you’re doing something light, practice something even more difficult. Practice it a tone up so that when the night comes and you have to sing it, it is so within your range.” And for many, many years I did that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98614501953125, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Exactly. Yes, very similar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.903335571289062, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: Oh, yes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53707218170166, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: My dad was a very special human being. He had an innate decency. It didn’t come from…he was very bright. He was a nature-loving man. He treated all of us in the family — including his first wife’s other children — he treated us all the same, and as beloved equals. And, we knew he was special. I mean, obviously any dad to a young girl is special if he does all the right things, and my dad certainly did, but he’s the one that instilled in me any true reality in my life because on the one side I had this mad upbringing of vaudeville and touring a great deal and very little schooling. My father was the one that took me on nature walks, took me to the swimming baths, taught me how to swim, took me down to the seaside in freezing cold weather and we dipped in the sea. We climbed the local hills, and he gave me a love of books.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.621670722961426, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: When I went to see him he would read to me and he would pick what he thought would be appropriate. Alice in Wonderland and things like that when I was a child. He would buy books for me. I didn’t see him all that much, strangely enough. Occasionally, for a two-week period in the summer holiday maybe, or a visit over Christmas. Or he’d come for a weekend and take me and we’d get on our bicycles and ride for 15 miles to get to his place. But what he did give me was always exactly right. Just the memory of him sitting and reading to me was enough to make me love listening to books and the spoken and written word.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297231674194336, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: There was a book that he gave me. It’s interesting that you ask that. Obviously Wind in the Willows, and all the classic children’s books, but there was a little book that we found and he leafed through it, and he said, “Here you are, darling. I think you’ll like this.” And, it was a very small children’s novel called The Little Grey Men, by an English author called “B.B.” And it was a very simple nature tale of the last four gnomes left on this earth in England. Very much like Watership Down, that kind of big nature study, and it was set in four seasons. It was a terrific adventure story. I swallowed it up and it went out of print. And, I subsequently have started my own imprint at Harper Collins and it’s coming out this fall. I’m bringing it back again and I’m absolutely delighted about it. It’s one of our mission statements is to bring back books that are worthy of a revisitation in a way, and this is the first one. And, I write about it as a little chapter before it begins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12163257598877, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews: That book probably influenced me as much as anything, that and my dad. Yes, absolutely. And obviously Dickens and Goldsmith and oh gosh, so many. Jane Austen obviously and the Brontë sisters and so on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.896681785583496, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.531961441040039, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.531961441040039, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Julie Andrews is a singer and actress, best known for her family-friendly roles in the 1960s, as Mary Poppins, and as the wayward nun Maria in The Sound of Music. Despite doing raunchy comedies and even a topless scene in S.O.B., her image remains perpetually wholesome.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.391521453857422, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Andrews was born Julia Wells, but was quickly nicknamed Julie. Her mother, a piano teacher, took part-time work as accompanist for a radio singer, and eventually they became a performing duo. Julie Wells became Julie Andrews when her mother got a divorce and married the singer. She began her professional career as an addition to her mother and stepfather's act when she was just ten years old. At 12, she first appeared on stage without her parents, in a local play.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.243032455444336, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Andrews - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Julie Andrews", "passage": "Blake Edwards with Julie Andrews in 2000. His maverick spirit and ego made him an uneasy partner with Hollywood studios. Photograph: Uppa", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5982558727264404, "source": "search", "title": "Blake Edwards obituary | Film | The Guardian" } ]

[ { "answer": "Granddaughter", "passage": "Socialite. She was \"the\" Mrs. Astor and the granddaughter-in-law of patriarch John Jacob Astor , who had amassed a family fortune even greater than her own. Married to William Astor in 1853, she became the queen of Gilded Age society, disdaining to associate with those not named to her elite \"List of 400.\" A feud with her nephew William Waldorf Astor was eventually resolved with the establishment of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel... [Read More] (Bio by: Nikita Barlow )", "precise_score": 3.6001110076904297, "rough_score": 6.387033462524414, "source": "search", "title": "Find A Grave - Search Results for \"John Jacob Astor\"" }, { "answer": "Grandson", "passage": "Her father-in-law, William Waldorf Astor, was the great grandson of John Jacob Astor. He became a naturalized British subject, bought Hever Castle -- pouring millions into restoring it, got elected member of Parliament in 1910, raised to peerage in 1916 (House of Lords), and then was created Viscount Astor in 1917. His son won his seat in the House of Commons. ", "precise_score": 4.804985046386719, "rough_score": 7.151008129119873, "source": "search", "title": "Lady Astor - John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Grandson", "passage": "Later, Waldorf Astor (Second Viscount) would have a son named JJA VII, but none of his younger brother JJA VI's three sons would carry the JJA name. Instead, the grandson of JJA V would become JJA VIII.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4153974056243896, "source": "search", "title": "John Jacob Astor and Waldorf Astor MP Passengers on the ..." }, { "answer": "Grandson", "passage": "In our revisit to the Astor's, we have examined in more detail the early life of John Jacob Astor and his connections to Satanism. We have touched on his son and grandson who led the Astor family after John Jacob died. We have seen more of their meanness and connections to corruption. We examined how Satanism and the occult had a hold on England even back when John Jacob Astor came to the New World. Three important occult organizations of the 17th & 18th century were introduced. We have looked at the Chanler family, a branch of the Astor family which is part of Satanism. We also looked at how the Roosevelt's and Delano families have been associated with the Astor's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0905380249023438, "source": "search", "title": "The Astor Bloodline - theforbiddenknowledge.com" }, { "answer": "Great-grandson", "passage": "Businessman, Disaster Victim. A victim of the RMS Titanic sinking, he was the great-grandson of patriarch John Jacob Astor I , the grandson of \"landlord of New York\" William Backhouse Astor, and the son of THE Mrs. William Astor, nee Caroline Schermerhorn , legendary queen of New York's elite \"400.\" He and his older cousin, William Waldorf Astor, built... [Read More] (Bio by: Nikita Barlow )", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.88506555557251, "source": "search", "title": "Find A Grave - Search Results for \"John Jacob Astor\"" }, { "answer": "Grandson", "passage": "Philanthropist. Born Roberta Brooke Russell in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, her father was Major General John Henry Russell Jr. , a military officer who eventually became Commandant of the United States Marine Corps. She dropped out of high school in 1919 to marry John Dryden Kuser, (her first serious relationship), when she was 17. The son of the founder of South Jersey Gas and Electric and the grandson of the founder... [Read More] (Bio by: Andrew A. Caruso )", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.95780086517334, "source": "search", "title": "Find A Grave - Search Results for \"John Jacob Astor\"" }, { "answer": "Grandson", "passage": "Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General, Financier. Grandson of patriarch John Jacob Astor I and son of William Backhouse Astor. He devoted his life to philanthropy and civic affairs. He and his wife Charlotte provided funding for a host of charities, including the Children's Aid Society, the Astor Library, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the New York Cancer Hospital. During the Civil War, he served as an volunteer Aide-de-Camp to General George B. McClellan, and recieved the brevet of... [Read More]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.978931188583374, "source": "search", "title": "Find A Grave - Search Results for \"John Jacob Astor\"" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Mary Louise \"Meryl\" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress. Cited in the media as the \"best actress of her generation\", Streep is particularly known for her versatility in her roles, transformation into the characters she plays, and her accent adaptation. She made her professional stage debut in The Playboy of Seville in 1971, and went on to receive a 1976 Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for A Memory of Two Mondays/27 Wagons Full of Cotton. She made her screen debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season, and made her film debut later that same year in Julia. In 1978, she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust, and received her first Academy Award nomination for The Deer Hunter. Nominated for 19 Academy Awards in total, Streep has more nominations than any other actor or actress in history; she won Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), and Best Actress for Sophie's Choice (1982) and for The Iron Lady (2011).", "precise_score": 6.656184196472168, "rough_score": 6.8664350509643555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meryl Streep" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "For Kramer vs. Kramer, Streep won both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. She was also awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress, National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress and National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress for her collective work in her three film releases of 1979. Both The Deer Hunter and Kramer vs. Kramer were major commercial successes and were the consecutive winners of the Academy Award for Best Picture. ", "precise_score": 6.111462116241455, "rough_score": 2.354306221008301, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meryl Streep" }, { "answer": "Ted Kramer", "passage": "It was this Meryl Streep—simultaneously grieving and infatuated, a theater actress new to movies—who got word from her agent, Sam Cohn, about a possible role in Kramer vs. Kramer, based on a novel by Avery Corman. Corman wanted to counteract the “toxic rhetoric” he had been hearing from feminists, who he felt lumped all men together as “a whole bunch of bad guys,” he says now. His protagonist was Ted Kramer, a thirtysomething workaholic New Yorker who sells ad space for men’s magazines. He has a wife, Joanna, and a little boy named Billy. In the early chapters, their marriage is portrayed as superficially content, with wells of ennui underneath.", "precise_score": -1.8031905889511108, "rough_score": -3.629087448120117, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "In February, Kramer vs. Kramer was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including best picture (Stanley Jaffe, producer), best actor (Hoffman), best director (Benton), and best adapted screenplay (Benton again). Eight-year-old Justin Henry, nominated for best supporting actor, became the youngest Oscar nominee in history. And Meryl, along with Barbara Barrie (Breaking Away) and Candice Bergen (Starting Over), would compete for best supporting actress against two of her co-stars: Jane Alexander from Kramer vs. Kramer and Mariel Hemingway from Woody Allen’s Manhattan.", "precise_score": 1.024609088897705, "rough_score": -3.572613477706909, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs Kramer", "passage": "Around her nominations for Doubt (in 2008) and Julie & Julia (2009), the talk was all of whether and when Streep would take a third Oscar, adding to her existing trophies for Kramer vs Kramer (1979) and Sophie’s Choice (1982). She deserved a third, many agreed, but maybe not for those. Maybe not even for The Iron Lady (2011), though she got it.", "precise_score": 6.884706020355225, "rough_score": 1.7279490232467651, "source": "search", "title": "Oscars 2015: Is Meryl Streep any match for Katharine Hepburn" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Meryl's early performing ambitions leaned toward the opera. She became interested in acting while a student at Vassar and upon graduation she enrolled in the Yale School of Drama. She gave an outstanding performance in her first film role, Julia (1977), and the next year she was nominated for her first Oscar for her role in The Deer Hunter (1978). She went on to win the Academy Award for her performances in Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) and Sophie's Choice (1982), in which she gave a heart-wrenching portrayal of an inmate mother in a Nazi death camp.", "precise_score": 8.620237350463867, "rough_score": 4.63816499710083, "source": "search", "title": "Meryl Streep - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Was the 82nd actress to receive an Academy Award; she won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) at The 52nd Annual Academy Awards (1980) on April 14, 1980.", "precise_score": 2.507934331893921, "rough_score": -3.3477120399475098, "source": "search", "title": "Meryl Streep - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Is one of 13 actresses who won their Best Supporting Actress Oscars in a movie that also won the Best Picture Oscar (she won for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)). The others are Hattie McDaniel for Gone with the Wind (1939), Teresa Wright for Mrs. Miniver (1942), Celeste Holm for Gentleman's Agreement (1947), Mercedes McCambridge for All the King's Men (1949), Donna Reed for From Here to Eternity (1953), Eva Marie Saint for On the Waterfront (1954), Rita Moreno for West Side Story (1961), Juliette Binoche for The English Patient (1996), Judi Dench for Shakespeare in Love (1998), Jennifer Connelly for A Beautiful Mind (2001), Catherine Zeta-Jones for Chicago (2002) and Lupita Nyong'o for 12 Years a Slave (2013).", "precise_score": 2.6464619636535645, "rough_score": 0.6561341881752014, "source": "search", "title": "Meryl Streep - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Hoping to divert herself from the grief of Cazale's death, Streep accepted a role in The Seduction of Joe Tynan (1979) as the chirpy love interest of Alan Alda, later commenting that she played it on \"automatic pilot\". She performed the role of Katherine in The Taming of the Shrew for Shakespeare in the Park, and also played a supporting role in Manhattan (1979) for Woody Allen. Streep later said that Allen did not provide her with a complete script, giving her only the six pages of her own scenes, and did not permit her to improvise a word of her dialogue. In the drama Kramer vs. Kramer, Streep was cast opposite Dustin Hoffman as an unhappily married woman who abandons her husband and child. Streep thought that the script portrayed the female character as \"too evil\" and insisted that it was not representative of real women who faced marriage breakdown and child custody battles. The makers agreed with her, and the script was revised. In preparing for the part, Streep spoke to her own mother about her life as a wife with a career, and frequented the Upper East Side neighborhood in which the film was set, watching the interactions between parents and children. The director Robert Benton allowed Streep to write her own dialogue in two key scenes, despite some objection from Hoffman, who \"hated her guts\". Jaffee and Hoffman later spoke of Streep's tirelessness, with Hoffman commenting, \"She's extraordinarily hardworking, to the extent that she's obsessive. I think that she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing.\" The film was controversial among feminists, but it was a role which film critic Stephen Farber believed displayed Streep's \"own emotional intensity\", writing that she was one of the \"rare performers who can imbue the most routine moments with a hint of mystery\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.478743076324463, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meryl Streep" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Karina Longworth notes how \"external\" Streep's performances are, \"chameleonic\" in her impersonation of characters, \"subsuming herself into them, rather than personifying them\". In her early roles such as Manhattan and Kramer vs. Kramer, she was compared to both Diane Keaton and Jill Clayburgh, in that her characters were unsympathetic, which Streep has attributed to the tendency to be drawn to playing women who are difficult to like and are devoid of a mutual emotional understanding with others. Streep has stated that many consider her to be a technical actor, but she professed that it comes down to her love of reading the initial script, adding, \"I come ready and I don't want to screw around and waste the first 10 takes on adjusting lighting and everybody else getting comfortable\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.861381530761719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Meryl Streep" }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "The problem is Joanna Kramer, who finds motherhood, by and large, “boring.” She starts taking tennis lessons. Sex with Ted is mechanical. About 50 pages in, Joanna informs Ted that she’s “suffocating.” She’s leaving him, and she’s leaving Billy. (“Feminists will applaud me,” she says.) Ted overcomes his shock and gets back into the swing of single life. More important, he learns how to be a good father. It is then that Joanna does the unthinkable: she returns from California and tells Ted she wants Billy back. The ensuing custody battle, which gives the novel its title, lays bare the ugliness of divorce proceedings and the wounds they allow people to inflict on each other.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.241087913513184, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "Before Kramer vs. Kramer even hit the bookstores, the manuscript fell into the hands of Richard Fischoff, a young film executive who had just accepted a job with the producer Stanley Jaffe. Ted and Joanna Kramer, Fischoff thought, were like Benjamin and Elaine in The Graduate 10 years later, after their impulsive union has collapsed from the inside. The movie would be a kind of generational marker, tracking the baby-boomers from the heedlessness of young adulthood to the angst of middle adulthood. No one was yet calling people like the Kramers “yuppies,” but their defining neuroses were already in place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.83015251159668, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Kramer", "passage": "Jaffe took the novel to the director Robert Benton, best known for co-writing Bonnie and Clyde. Everyone liked the idea of a spiritual sequel to The Graduate, which meant that the one and only choice for Ted Kramer was Dustin Hoffman. Midnight Cowboy and All the President’s Men had made the 40-year-old actor the era’s antsy Everyman, but he was now at one of the lowest points of his life. Amid contentious experiences filming Straight Time and Agatha, he was mired in lawsuits and countersuits, and was in the middle of an emotional separation from his first wife, Anne Byrne.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.890620231628418, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "In preparation, Meryl flipped through magazines such as Cosmopolitan and Glamour, the kind Joanna might read. (Meryl hadn’t bothered with beauty magazines since high school.) They all featured profiles of working mothers, brilliant judges who were raising five adorable children. The assumption now was that any woman could do both: the dreaded cliché of “having it all.” But what about the Joanna Kramers, who couldn’t manage either? Meryl spoke with her mother, who told her, “All my friends at one point or another wanted to throw up their hands and leave and see if there was another way of doing their lives.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.411277770996094, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "She thought about Joanna Kramer—who did have a seven-year-old—who looked at those same superwomen in the magazines and felt she couldn’t hack it. “The more I thought about it,” Meryl told Newsweek after the movie came out, “the more I felt the sensual reason for Joanna’s leaving, the emotional reasons, the ones that aren’t attached to logic. Joanna’s daddy took care of her. Her college took care of her. Then Ted took care of her. Suddenly she just felt incapable of caring for herself.” In other words, she was nothing like Meryl Streep, who had always felt supremely capable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4289326667785645, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "They wrapped, and Meryl left the studio in a rage. Day two, and Kramer vs. Kramer was already turning into Streep vs. Hoffman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.001349925994873, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Across a small table covered in a checkerboard cloth, Dustin Hoffman glared at Meryl Streep. The crew had taken over J.G. Melon, a burger joint at Third Avenue and 74th Street. Today’s script pages: a pivotal scene in Kramer vs. Kramer, in which Joanna informs Ted that she plans to take back their son.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.123911380767822, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "But Dustin was pissed. “Meryl, why don’t you stop carrying the flag for feminism and just act the scene,” he said. Just like Joanna, she was butting in and mucking everything up, he felt. Reality and fiction had become blurry. When Dustin looked across the table, he saw not just an actress making a scene suggestion but shades of Anne Byrne, his soon-to-be ex-wife. In Joanna Kramer, and by extension Meryl Streep, he saw the woman making his life hell.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.123325824737549, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "First on the stand: Joanna Kramer. Benton had been struggling with her testimony, which he saw as absolutely crucial. It is the one chance she has to make her case—not just for custody of Billy but for her personal dignity and, by extension, womankind. For most of the movie, she has been a phantom, with phantom motives. Then her lawyer asks, “Mrs. Kramer, can you tell the court why you are asking for custody?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.518126487731934, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "Who exactly was up on the stand? Was it the actress who had stormed into the hotel room, guns blazing, telling three powerful men to re-write their screenplay? Wasn’t that who she had always been: self-assured, proficient at everything? Or was Dustin right? Was she “barely there,” just like Joanna Kramer?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.78702163696289, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Kramer", "passage": "When Benton saw Meryl glance to the side, he noticed Dustin shaking his head. “What was that? What was that?” the director said, bounding over to Dustin. Unwittingly, Dustin had created a new moment, one that Benton wanted in the scene. He turned the cameras around and had Meryl act the cross-examination again, and this time he recorded Dustin’s reactions. Now the head shake meant something else. It was Ted Kramer telling Joanna Kramer, “No, you didn’t fail as a wife. You didn’t fail as a mother.” Amid the rancor of the court proceeding, it was a final gesture of the love they once had.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.25365161895752, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Benton knew there was something wrong with the ending of Kramer vs. Kramer virtually the moment he shot it. He had toyed with the idea of closing the movie on a re-united Ted and Billy walking through Central Park. The camera pulls out to reveal that they’re just two out of thousands of parents and children enjoying a sunny afternoon in New York City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1915864944458, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Kramer", "passage": "“This picture started out belonging to Ted Kramer, and by the end it belonged to both of them,” Benton recalled. “And there was no way Dustin could shake her. No way he could do anything to shake her. She was just there, and she was an incredible force.” When she told Dustin she planned on going back to the theater, he said, “You’re never going back.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97681999206543, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "The film opened on December 19, 1979. As the producers had hoped, it was received less as a movie than as a cultural benchmark, a snapshot of the fractured American family, circa now. Vincent Canby, in The New York Times, wrote, “ ‘Kramer vs. Kramer’ is a Manhattan movie, yet it seems to speak for an entire generation of middle-class Americans who came to maturity in the late 60’s and early 70’s, sophisticated in superficial ways but still expecting the fulfillment of promises made in the more pious Eisenhower era.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.531424522399902, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Indeed, the public greeted the film with open wallets. On its opening weekend, it played in 524 theaters, grossing more than $5.5 million. In the filmmaking world that Star Wars had wrought, a chamber drama about a failed marriage was no longer Hollywood’s idea of big money. But the U.S. gross of Kramer vs. Kramer would total more than $106 million, making it the biggest domestic moneymaker of 1979—beating out even Star Wars progeny such as Star Trek and Alien, starring Meryl’s former Yale classmate Sigourney Weaver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.696735382080078, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Meryl Streep and Dustin Hoffman while filming 1979’s Kramer vs. Kramer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.145874500274658, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "It was a movie people wept over and argued over, a well-made tearjerker about a father and son. Anyone who was or ever had a loving parent could relate to that story. But there was a trickier story lurking within—the shadow narrative of Joanna Kramer. In celebrating the bond between Ted and Billy, had the movie sold out not only her but the feminist movement? Some people seemed to think so. *The Washington Post’*s Gary Arnold found it “difficult to escape the conclusion that Dear Mrs. Kramer is a dim-witted victim of some of the sorriest cultural cant lately in vogue.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.836881637573242, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Ted Kramer", "passage": "Leaving the theater with her 15-year-old daughter, the writer Barbara Grizzuti Harrison felt a trifle manipulated. Why do we applaud the noble self-sacrifice of Ted Kramer, she wondered, when the same thing is merely expected of women? How does Joanna land a re-entry job for $31,000 a year? Why don’t we ever see Ted arranging for a babysitter? And what to make of Joanna’s hazy quest for fulfillment? “I keep thinking of Joanna,” Harrison wrote in Ms. magazine, the standard-bearer of mainstream feminism. “Is she outside howling at the gates of happiness, or is she satisfied with her job, her lover, and occasional visits to Billy. Who is Joanna, and did she spend those 18 months in California in vain?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.126855850219727, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "“Meryl Streep in Kramer vs. Kramer.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1074066162109375, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Vivaldi played again for best adapted screenplay, best director, and best actor. Dustin Hoffman, accepting his Oscar from Jane Fonda, reiterated his well-known contempt for award shows (“I’ve been critical of the Academy, and for reason”). Justin Henry lost to Melvyn Douglas (Being There), 71 years his senior, becoming so distraught that Christopher Reeve, one of the only movie stars he recognized, had to be called over to console him. At the end of the night, Charlton Heston announced the winner for best picture: it was a Kramer vs. Kramer sweep.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.469780445098877, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "In the moments after the ceremony, the Kramer vs. Kramer winners were shown into a room of about a hundred reporters. “Well, the soap opera won,” Dustin boomed as he walked in, anticipating their disdain. It was clear that this wouldn’t be a typical glad-handing press conference, and the reporters were eager to match Dustin’s feistiness. The columnist Rona Barrett remarked that many women, particularly feminists, “feel this picture was a slap to them.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.91259765625, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Joanna Kramer", "passage": "She could have said the same about acting—or at least her version of it, the kind she had fought so hard to achieve. She was no longer the college freshman who thought that feminism had to do with “nice nails and clean hair,” as she later described herself. In fact, it was inseparable from her art, because both required radical acts of imagination. Like an actress stretching her versatility, Joanna Kramer had to imagine herself as someone other than a wife and a mother in order to become a “whole human being,” however flawed. That may not have been apparent to Avery Corman, but it was to Meryl, and tonight’s triumph seemed to underscore that she was right.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.67856502532959, "source": "search", "title": "How Meryl Streep Battled Dustin Hoffman, Retooled Her Role ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Of those 19 nominations, 15 have been for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and four for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Somewhat surprisingly, she has just three wins: for Kramer vs. Kramer in 1980, Sophie's Choice in 1983, and The Iron Lady in 2012 (above).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.78665828704834, "source": "search", "title": "Meryl Streep Is Queen of the Oscars: See Her Through the ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "1980: The 1980 Academy Awards were all about Kramer vs. Kramer. Both Streep and costar Dustin Hoffman earned acting trophies, and the divorce drama itself won Best Picture (among other things).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.859126567840576, "source": "search", "title": "Meryl Streep Is Queen of the Oscars: See Her Through the ..." }, { "answer": "Kramer vs Kramer", "passage": "She received a Best Supporting Actress nomination for The Deer Hunter, but lost out to Maggie Smith (in California Suite). She triumphed the following year, winning Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs Kramer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.446837425231934, "source": "search", "title": "Oscars 2015: Is Meryl Streep any match for Katharine Hepburn" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371349334716797, "source": "search", "title": "Which Oscar Nods Did Meryl Streep Deserve? -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "She left her just-claimed Oscar for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) on the back of a toilet during the 1979 festivities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.715260028839111, "source": "search", "title": "Meryl Streep - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Kramer vs. Kramer", "passage": "As of 2014, has appeared in five films that nominated for the Best Picture Oscar: Julia (1977), The Deer Hunter (1978), Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), Out of Africa (1985), The Hours (2002). Winners in the category are The Deer Hunter (1978), Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), Out of Africa (1985).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.946908473968506, "source": "search", "title": "Meryl Streep - Biography - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Babrak Karmal (, born Sultan Hussein; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan politician who was installed as president of Afghanistan by the USSR when they invaded in 1979. Karmal was born in Kamari and educated at Kabul University. When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was formed, Karmal became one of its leading members, having been introduced to Marxism by Mir Akbar Khyber during his imprisonment for activities deemed too radical by the government. He eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction. When the PDPA split in 1967, the Parcham-faction established a Parcham PDPA, while their ideological nemesis, the Khalqs, established a Khalqist PDPA. Under Karmal's leadership, the Parchamite PDPA participated in Mohammad Daoud Khan's rise to power, and his subsequent regime. While relations were good at the beginning, Daoud began a major purge of leftist influence in the mid-1970s. This in turn led to the reformation of the PDPA in 1977. The PDPA took power in the 1978 Saur Revolution.", "precise_score": 3.088283061981201, "rough_score": 5.638416290283203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Council, synonymous with vice head of state, in the communist government. The Parchamite faction found itself under significant pressure by the Khalqists soon after taking power. In June 1978, a PDPA Central Committee meeting voted in favor of giving the Khalqist faction exclusive control over PDPA policy. This decision was followed by a failed Parchamite coup, after which Hafizullah Amin, a Khalqist, initiated a purge against the Parchamites. Karmal survived this purge but was exiled to Prague. Karmal remained in exile until December 1979, when the Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan (with the consent of the Afghan government) to stabilize the country.", "precise_score": -3.8230032920837402, "rough_score": -2.2500882148742676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was promoted to Chairman of the Revolutionary Council and Chairman of the Council of Ministers on 27 December 1979. He remained in office until 1981, when he was succeeded by Sultan Ali Keshtmand. Throughout his term, Karmal worked to establish a support base for the PDPA by introducing several reforms. Among these were the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, introducing a general amnesty for those people imprisoned during Nur Mohammad Taraki's and Amin's rule. He also replaced the Khalqist flag with a more traditional one. These policies failed to increase the PDPA's legitimacy in the eyes of the Afghan people.", "precise_score": 1.178857684135437, "rough_score": 5.063887596130371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was born Sultan Hussein on 6 January 1929, was the son of Muhammad Hussein Hashem, a Major General in the Afghan Army and former governor of the province of Paktia, and was the second of five siblings. His family was one of the wealthier families in Kabul. His ethnic background is disputed, some claim that he was Tajik who represented himself as a Ghilzai Pashtun but others claim that he descended from Hindu ancestors of Kashmir. In 1986, Karmal announced that he, and his brother Mahmud Baryalay, were Pashtun because their mother came from the Mullakhel branch of the Pashtuns. However, this was controversial, considering that lineage in Afghanistan is supposed to be traced through the father, not the mother. The accusation that he was of Indian Muslim ancestry comes from the fact that his birthname, Sultan Hussein, is a common Indian Muslim name. In addition, Karmal's own father denied his own ethnicity; Karmal's father was a Tajik. To further confuse the matter, Karmal spoke Dari (Persian) and not Pashto.", "precise_score": -1.8237656354904175, "rough_score": -0.7772688269615173, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Imprisoned from 1953 to 1956, Karmal befriended fellow inmate Mir Akbar Khyber, who introduced Karmal to Marxism. Karmal changed his name from Sultan Hussein to Babrak Karmal, which means \"Comrade of the Workers'\" in Pashtun, to disassociate himself from his bourgeoisie background. When he was released from prison, he continued his activities in the student union, and began to promote Marxism. Karmal spent the rest of the 1950s and the early 1960s becoming involved with Marxist organizations, of which there were at least four in Afghanistan at the time; two of the four were established by Karmal. When the 1964 Afghan Provisional Constitution, which legalised the establishment of new political entities, was introduced several prominent Marxists agreed to establish a communist political party. The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA, the Communist Party) was established in January 1965 in Nur Muhammad Taraki's home. Factionalism within the PDPA quickly became a problem; the party split into the Khalq led by Taraki alongside Hafizullah Amin, and the Parcham led by Karmal.", "precise_score": -0.6009726524353027, "rough_score": 2.9689416885375977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On 27 June, three months after the Saur Revolution, Amin outmaneuvered the Parchamites at a Central Committee meeting, giving the Khalqists exclusive right over formulating and deciding policy. A purge against the Parchamites was initiated by Amin and supported by Taraki on 1 July 1979. Karmal, fearing for his safety, went into hiding in one of his Soviet friends' homes. Karmal tried to contact Alexander Puzanov, the Soviet ambassador to Afghanistan, to talk about the situation. Puzanov refused, and revealed Karmal's location to Amin. It should be noted that the Soviets probably saved Karmal's life by sending him to the Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia. In exile, Karmal established a network with the remaining Parchamites in government. A coup to overthrow Amin was planned for 4 September 1979. Its leading members in Afghanistan were Qadir and the Army Chief of Staff General Shahpur Ahmedzai. The coup was planned for the Festival of Eid, in anticipation of relaxed military vigilance. The conspiracy failed when the Afghan ambassador to India told the Afghan leadership about the plan. Another purge was initiated, and Parchamite ambassadors were recalled. Few returned to Afghanistan; Karmal and Mohammad Najibullah stayed in their respective countries.", "precise_score": -4.668033599853516, "rough_score": -2.8961493968963623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Mikhail Gorbachev, then General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, said, \"The main reason that there has been no national consolidation so far is that Comrade Karmal is hoping to continue sitting in Kabul with our help.\" Karmal's position became less secure when the Soviet leadership began blaming him for the failures in Afghanistan. Gorbachev, worried over the situation, told the Soviet Politburo \"If we don't change approaches [to evacuate Afghanistan], we will be fighting there for another 20 or 30 years.\" It is not clear when the Soviet leadership began to campaign for Karmal's dismissal, but Andrei Gromyko discussed the possibility of Karmal's resignation with Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, the Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1982. While it was Gorbachev who would dismiss Karmal, there may have been a consensus within the Soviet leadership in 1983 that Karmal should resign. Gorbachev's own plan was to replace Karmal with Mohammad Najibullah, who had joined the PDPA at its creation. Najibullah was thought highly of by Yuri Andropov, Boris Ponomarev and Dmitriy Ustinov, and negotiations for his succession may have started in 1983. Najibullah was not the Soviet leadership's only choice for Karmal's succession; a GRU report noted that the majority of the PDPA leadership would support Assadullah Sarwari's ascension to leadership. According to the GRU, Sarwari was a better candidate as he could balance between the Pashtuns, Tajiks and Uzbeks; Najibullah was a Pashtun nationalist. Another viable candidate was Abdul Qadir, who had been a participant in the Saur Revolution.", "precise_score": -4.214150428771973, "rough_score": -4.361430644989014, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Najibullah was appointed to the PDPA Secretariat in November 1985. During Karmal's March 1986 visit to the Soviet Union, the Soviets tried to persuade Karmal that he was too ill to govern, and that he should resign. This backfired, as a Soviet doctor attending to Karmal told him he was in good health. Karmal asked to return home to Kabul, and said that he understood and would listen to the Soviet recommendations. Before leaving, Karmal promised he would step down as PDPA General Secretary. The Soviets did not trust him and sent Vladimir Kryuchkov, the head of intelligence in the KGB, into Afghanistan. At a meeting in Kabul, Karmal confessed his undying love for the Soviet Union, comparing his ardor to his Muslim faith. Kryuchkov, concluding that he could not persuade Karmal to resign, left the meeting. After Kryuchkov left the room, the Afghan defence minister and the state security minister visited Karmal's office, telling him that he had to resign from one of his posts. Understanding that his Soviet support had been eliminated, Karmal resigned from the office of the General Secretary at the 18th PDPA Central Committee plenum. He was succeeded in his post by Najibullah.", "precise_score": -4.426959037780762, "rough_score": -2.951148509979248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal still had support within the party, and used his base to curb Najibullah's powers. He began spreading rumors that he would be reappointed General Secretary. Najibullah's power base was in the KHAD, the Afghan equivalent to the KGB, and not the party. Considering the fact that the Soviet Union had supported Karmal for over six years, the Soviet leadership wanted to ease him out of power gradually. Yuli Vorontsov, the Soviet ambassador to Afghanistan, told Najibullah to begin undermining Karmal's power slowly. Najibullah complained to the Soviet leadership that Karmal used most of his spare time looking for errors and \"speaking against the National Reconciliation [programme]\". At a meeting of the Soviet Politburo on 13 November 1986 it was decided that Najibullah should remove Karmal; this motion was supported by Gromyko, Vorontsov, Eduard Shevardnadze, Anatoly Dobrynin and Viktor Chebrikov. A PDPA meeting in November relieved Karmal of his Revolutionary Council chairmanship, and exiled him to Moscow where he was given a state-owned apartment and a dacha. Karmal was succeeded as Revolutionary Council chairman by Haji Mohammad Chamkani, who was not a member of the PDPA.", "precise_score": -4.395769119262695, "rough_score": -3.854869842529297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In September 1979, Nur Muhammad Taraki was assassinated in a coup within the PDPA orchestrated by fellow Khalq member Hafizullah Amin, who assumed the presidency. Distrusted by the Soviets, Amin was assassinated by Soviet special forces in December 1979. A Soviet-organized government, led by Parcham's Babrak Karmal but inclusive of both factions, filled the vacuum. Soviet troops were deployed to stabilize Afghanistan under Karmal in more substantial numbers, although the Soviet government did not expect to do most of the fighting in Afghanistan. As a result, however, the Soviets were now directly involved in what had been a domestic war in Afghanistan. The PDPA prohibited usury, declared equality of the sexes, and introduced women to political life. ", "precise_score": -3.1700570583343506, "rough_score": 3.598433494567871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Babrak Karmal (6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan . He is the best known of the Marxist leadership.", "precise_score": 4.334283351898193, "rough_score": 4.515050888061523, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On 1 January 1965 the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was founded in Kabul, with Karmal serving as one of its twenty-eight founding members in its founding congress. Karmal was appointed its Secretary. As a result, he was elected and served in the quasi-democratic National Assembly of Afghanistan from 1965 until 1973 during the constitutional monarchy of King Zahir Shah . Karmal is known for his revolutionary and open speeches in the parliament against the ruling classes. In most of his parliamentary speeches, Karmal urged the people of Afghanistan to unite and stand up against the ruling classes and fight the status quo. Karmal and a few of his other comrades in the National Assembly, represented the only leftist group at the time.", "precise_score": -2.6319198608398438, "rough_score": -3.7817108631134033, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The factions reunited in 1977, and in April 1978 seized control of Afghanistan through a military coup. Karmal was initially Deputy Prime Minister but, following the rise of the rival Khalq faction, he and other important members of the Parcham faction such as Dr. Najibullah, Noor Ahmad Noor, Anaita Ratebzad, and Mahmood Baryalai, were essentially exiled by being appointed ambassadors to other countries, while others, such as Sultan Ali Keshtmand , were put in jail.", "precise_score": 2.4968461990356445, "rough_score": 4.936460971832275, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The PDPA attempted to modernize the country in line with socialist programs, but there was major unrest. In December 1979 the Soviets invaded Afghanistan and Soviet commandos killed the then leader Hafizullah Amin . The Soviets brought Karmal back to be President of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Babrak Karmal, exiled leader of the Parcham faction of the PDPA was installed by the Soviets as Afghanistan's new head of government.", "precise_score": -0.3673948645591736, "rough_score": -0.5198517441749573, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Flag of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan during Babrak Karmal's rule. This redesigned flag was a departure from the red flags of the previous two years,reflecting a more \"Islamic\" and popular design and restoring the historical colors that were common in flags between 1928 and 1978. [3]", "precise_score": -3.0793721675872803, "rough_score": -3.7910163402557373, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Babrak Karmal was replaced as general secretary of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) six weeks after this series of articles first appeared. It was the first non-violent change in the party’s leadership since it came to power in April 1978.", "precise_score": -0.5609313249588013, "rough_score": 1.3592451810836792, "source": "search", "title": "Changes at the Top | Middle East Research and Information ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "MOSCOW, April 27— President Babrak Karmal of Afghanistan did not appear in Soviet television reports of celebrations today marking the anniversary of the 1978 Communist coup, adding to speculation about his whereabouts and standing.", "precise_score": 0.33388274908065796, "rough_score": -1.1570364236831665, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHANISTAN MYSTERY - WHERE IS LEADER? - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "MOSCOW, May 4— Babrak Karmal, installed as leader of Afghanistan when Soviet troops moved into the country in 1979, resigned today and was replaced by the former chief of the Afghan secret police, the Soviet press agency Tass announced.", "precise_score": 1.3242508172988892, "rough_score": 4.121311187744141, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHAN LEADER QUITS TOP POST, MOSCOW REPORTS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Keshtmand was born in Kabul. He is a member of the Hazara ethnic group. He studied economics at Kabul University and became involved in the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan . He joined the Parcham Faction of that party, which was led by Babrak Karmal . He sought and received political asylum from the British Prime Minister John Major. He lives in the UK. [1]", "precise_score": 1.2653591632843018, "rough_score": -1.569614291191101, "source": "search", "title": "Sultan Ali Keshtmand - Sensagent.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On December 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, bringing Babrak Karmal and the Parcham faction to power. Keshtmand was released from jail, and was once again joined the Politburo.", "precise_score": 0.1893398016691208, "rough_score": 3.4845447540283203, "source": "search", "title": "Sultan Ali Keshtmand - Sensagent.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Babrak Karmal (Persian: ببرک کارمل‎‎, born Sultan Hussein; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan politician who was installed as president of Afghanistan by the USSR when they invaded in 1979. Karmal was born in Kamari and educated at Kabul University. When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was formed, Karmal became one of its leading members, having been introduced to Marxism by Mir Akbar Khyber during his imprisonment for activities deemed too radical by the government. He eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction. When the PDPA split in 1967, the Parcham-faction established a Parcham PDPA, while their ideological nemesis, the Khalqs, established a Khalqist PDPA. Under Karmal's leadership, the Parchamite PDPA participated in Mohammad Daoud Khan's rise to power, and his subsequent regime. While relations were good at the beginning, Daoud began a major purge of leftist influence in the mid-1970s. This in turn led to the reformation of the PDPA in 1977. The PDPA took power in the 1978 Saur Revolution.", "precise_score": 3.1027066707611084, "rough_score": 5.2010111808776855, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Council, synonymous with vice head of state, in the communist government. The Parchamite faction found itself under significant pressure by the Khalqists soon after taking power. In June 1978, a PDPA Central Committee meeting voted in favor of giving the Khalqist faction exclusive control over PDPA policy. This decision was followed by a failed Parchamite coup, after which Hafizullah Amin, a Khalqist, initiated a purge against the Parchamites. Karmal survived this purge but was exiled to Prague. Karmal remained in exile until December 1979, when the Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan (with the consent of the Afghan government) to stabilize the country.", "precise_score": -3.8230032920837402, "rough_score": -2.2500882148742676, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was promoted to Chairman of the Revolutionary Council and Chairman of the Council of Ministers on 27 December 1979. He remained in office until 1981, when he was succeeded by Sultan Ali Keshtmand. Throughout his term, Karmal worked to establish a support base for the PDPA by introducing several reforms. Among these were the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, introducing a general amnesty for those people imprisoned during Nur Mohammad Taraki's and Amin's rule. He also replaced the Khalqist flag with a more traditional one. These policies failed to increase the PDPA's legitimacy in the eyes of the Afghan people.", "precise_score": 1.178857684135437, "rough_score": 5.063887596130371, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was born Sultan Hussein on 6 January 1929, was the son of Muhammad Hussein Hashem, a Major General in the Afghan Army and former governor of the province of Paktia, and was the second of five siblings. His family was one of the wealthier families in Kabul. His ethnic background is disputed, some claim that he was Tajik who represented himself as a Ghilzai Pashtun but others claim that he descended from Hindu ancestors of Kashmir. In 1986, Karmal announced that he, and his brother Mahmud Baryalay, were Pashtun because their mother came from the Mullakhel branch of the Pashtuns. However, this was controversial, considering that lineage in Afghanistan is supposed to be traced through the father, not the mother. The accusation that he was of Indian Muslim ancestry comes from the fact that his birthname, Sultan Hussein, is a common Indian Muslim name. In addition, Karmal's own father denied his own ethnicity; Karmal's father was a Tajik. To further confuse the matter, Karmal spoke Dari (Persian) and not Pashto.", "precise_score": -1.8237656354904175, "rough_score": -0.7772688269615173, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Imprisoned from 1953 to 1956, Karmal befriended fellow inmate Mir Akbar Khyber, who introduced Karmal to Marxism. Karmal changed his name from Sultan Hussein to Babrak Karmal, which means \"Comrade of the Workers'\" in Pashtun, to disassociate himself from his bourgeoisie background. When he was released from prison, he continued his activities in the student union, and began to promote Marxism. Karmal spent the rest of the 1950s and the early 1960s becoming involved with Marxist organizations, of which there were at least four in Afghanistan at the time; two of the four were established by Karmal. When the 1964 Afghan Provisional Constitution, which legalised the establishment of new political entities, was introduced several prominent Marxists agreed to establish a communist political party. The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA, the Communist Party) was established in January 1965 in Nur Muhammad Taraki's home. Factionalism within the PDPA quickly became a problem; the party split into the Khalq led by Taraki alongside Hafizullah Amin, and the Parcham led by Karmal.", "precise_score": -0.6009726524353027, "rough_score": 2.9689416885375977, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On 27 June, three months after the Saur Revolution, Amin outmaneuvered the Parchamites at a Central Committee meeting, giving the Khalqists exclusive right over formulating and deciding policy. A purge against the Parchamites was initiated by Amin and supported by Taraki on 1 July 1979. Karmal, fearing for his safety, went into hiding in one of his Soviet friends' homes. Karmal tried to contact Alexander Puzanov, the Soviet ambassador to Afghanistan, to talk about the situation. Puzanov refused, and revealed Karmal's location to Amin. It should be noted that the Soviets probably saved Karmal's life by sending him to the Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia. In exile, Karmal established a network with the remaining Parchamites in government. A coup to overthrow Amin was planned for 4 September 1979. Its leading members in Afghanistan were Qadir and the Army Chief of Staff General Shahpur Ahmedzai. The coup was planned for the Festival of Eid, in anticipation of relaxed military vigilance. The conspiracy failed when the Afghan ambassador to India told the Afghan leadership about the plan. Another purge was initiated, and Parchamite ambassadors were recalled. Few returned to Afghanistan; Karmal and Mohammad Najibullah stayed in their respective countries.", "precise_score": -4.668033599853516, "rough_score": -2.8961493968963623, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Mikhail Gorbachev, then General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, said, \"The main reason that there has been no national consolidation so far is that Comrade Karmal is hoping to continue sitting in Kabul with our help.\" Karmal's position became less secure when the Soviet leadership began blaming him for the failures in Afghanistan. Gorbachev, worried over the situation, told the Soviet Politburo \"If we don't change approaches [to evacuate Afghanistan], we will be fighting there for another 20 or 30 years.\" It is not clear when the Soviet leadership began to campaign for Karmal's dismissal, but Andrei Gromyko discussed the possibility of Karmal's resignation with Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, the Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1982. While it was Gorbachev who would dismiss Karmal, there may have been a consensus within the Soviet leadership in 1983 that Karmal should resign. Gorbachev's own plan was to replace Karmal with Mohammad Najibullah, who had joined the PDPA at its creation. Najibullah was thought highly of by Yuri Andropov, Boris Ponomarev and Dmitriy Ustinov, and negotiations for his succession may have started in 1983. Najibullah was not the Soviet leadership's only choice for Karmal's succession; a GRU report noted that the majority of the PDPA leadership would support Assadullah Sarwari's ascension to leadership. According to the GRU, Sarwari was a better candidate as he could balance between the Pashtuns, Tajiks and Uzbeks; Najibullah was a Pashtun nationalist. Another viable candidate was Abdul Qadir, who had been a participant in the Saur Revolution.", "precise_score": -4.214150428771973, "rough_score": -4.361430644989014, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Najibullah was appointed to the PDPA Secretariat in November 1985. During Karmal's March 1986 visit to the Soviet Union, the Soviets tried to persuade Karmal that he was too ill to govern, and that he should resign. This backfired, as a Soviet doctor attending to Karmal told him he was in good health. Karmal asked to return home to Kabul, and said that he understood and would listen to the Soviet recommendations. Before leaving, Karmal promised he would step down as PDPA General Secretary. The Soviets did not trust him and sent Vladimir Kryuchkov, the head of intelligence in the KGB, into Afghanistan. At a meeting in Kabul, Karmal confessed his undying love for the Soviet Union, comparing his ardor to his Muslim faith. Kryuchkov, concluding that he could not persuade Karmal to resign, left the meeting. After Kryuchkov left the room, the Afghan defence minister and the state security minister visited Karmal's office, telling him that he had to resign from one of his posts. Understanding that his Soviet support had been eliminated, Karmal resigned from the office of the General Secretary at the 18th PDPA Central Committee plenum. He was succeeded in his post by Najibullah.", "precise_score": -4.426959037780762, "rough_score": -2.951148509979248, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal still had support within the party, and used his base to curb Najibullah's powers. He began spreading rumors that he would be reappointed General Secretary. Najibullah's power base was in the KHAD, the Afghan equivalent to the KGB, and not the party. Considering the fact that the Soviet Union had supported Karmal for over six years, the Soviet leadership wanted to ease him out of power gradually. Yuli Vorontsov, the Soviet ambassador to Afghanistan, told Najibullah to begin undermining Karmal's power slowly. Najibullah complained to the Soviet leadership that Karmal used most of his spare time looking for errors and \"speaking against the National Reconciliation [programme]\". At a meeting of the Soviet Politburo on 13 November 1986 it was decided that Najibullah should remove Karmal; this motion was supported by Gromyko, Vorontsov, Eduard Shevardnadze, Anatoly Dobrynin and Viktor Chebrikov. A PDPA meeting in November relieved Karmal of his Revolutionary Council chairmanship, and exiled him to Moscow where he was given a state-owned apartment and a dacha. Karmal was succeeded as Revolutionary Council chairman by Haji Mohammad Chamkani, who was not a member of the PDPA.", "precise_score": -4.395769119262695, "rough_score": -3.854869842529297, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Babrak Karmal (born Sultan Hashem; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan politician and statesman during the Cold War . Karmal was born in Kamari and educated at Kabul University , after which he started his career as a bureaucrat. Before, during and after his career as a bureaucrat Karmal was a leading member of the Afghan movement. He was introduced to Marxism by Mir Akbar Khyber during his imprisonment for activities deemed too radical by the government. When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was formed, Karmal became one of its leading members, and eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction. When the PDPA split in 1967, the Parcham-faction established a Parcham PDPA, while their ideological nemesis, the Khalqs , established a Khalqist PDPA. Under Karmal's leadership, the Parchamite PDPA participated in Mohammad Daoud Khan 's rise to power, and his subsequent regime. While relations were good at the beginning, Daoud began a major purge of leftist influence in the mid-1970s. This in turn led to the refoundation of the PDPA in 1977. The PDPA took power in the 1978 Saur Revolution .", "precise_score": 2.338777542114258, "rough_score": 5.131628513336182, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Council , synonymous with vice head of state, in the communist government. The Parchamite faction found itself squeezed by the Khalqists soon after taking power and shortly after, in June, a PDPA Central Committee meeting voted in favour of giving the Khalqist faction exclusive right to formulate and decide PDPA policy. This decision was followed by a failed Parchamite coup, which in turn led Hafizullah Amin , a Khalqist, to initiate a purge against the Parchamites. Karmal survived this purge, probably due to his contacts with the Soviets, and was sent to exile in Prague . Karmal would remain in exile until December 1979, when the Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan (with the consent of the Afghan government) to stabilise the situation in the country, they killed Amin, the leader of the PDPA and the Afghan government.", "precise_score": -3.0929312705993652, "rough_score": -0.7319251894950867, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was made Chairman of the Revolutionary Council and Chairman of the Council of Ministers on 27 December 1979. He would retain his Council of Ministers chairmanship until 1981, when he was succeeded in office by Sultan Ali Keshtmand . Throughout his term in office Kamral tried to establish a support base for the PDPA by introducing several changes. Among these were the writing of the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan , introducing a general amnesty for those people imprisoned during Nur Mohammad Taraki 's and Amin's rule, and replacing the Khalqist flag with a more traditional one. These policies did not increase the PDPA's legitimacy in the eyes of the Afghan people.", "precise_score": 0.969417929649353, "rough_score": 5.247983455657959, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal was born Sultan Hashem on 6 January 1929, [1] was the son of Muhammad Hussein Hashem, a Major General [2] in the Afghan Army and former governor of the province of Paktia, and was the second of five siblings. His family was one of the wealthier families in Kabul. [1] His ethnic background is disputed, some claim that he was Tajik who represented himself as a Ghilzai Pashtun but others claim that he descended from Hindu ancestors of Kashmir . [3] In 1986, Karmal announced that he, and his brother Mahmud Baryalay, were Pashtun because their mother came from the Mullakhel branch of the Pashtuns. However, this was controversial, considering that lineage in Afghanistan is supposed to be traced through the father, not the mother. The accusation that he was of Indian Muslim ancestry comes from the fact that his birthname, Sultan Hussein, is a common Indian Muslim name. In addition, Karmal's own father denied his own ethnicity; Karmal's father was a Tajik. [4] To further confuse the matter, Karmal spoke Dari (Persian) and not Pashto . [5]", "precise_score": -2.3423240184783936, "rough_score": -0.9540499448776245, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In prison from 1953 to 1956, Karmal was befriended by a fellow inmate, Mir Akbar Khyber , who introduced Karmal to Marxism . [7] During his stay in prison Karmal changed his name from Sultan Hussein to Babrak Karmal, which means \"Comrade of the Workers'\" in Pashtun , to disassociate himself from his bourgeoisie background. When he was released from prison, he continued his activities in the student union, and began to promote Marxism. [8] Karmal spent the rest of the 1950s and the early 1960s becoming involved with Marxist groups. There were at least four Marxist groups in Afghanistan at the time; two of the four were established by Karmal. [9] When the 1964 Afghan Provisional Constitution was introduced, which legalised the establishment of political parties, several Marxists came to the conclusion it was about time to establish a communist party. The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA, the Communist Party) was established in January 1965 in Nur Muhammad Taraki 's home. [10] Factionalism within the PDPA quickly became a problem; two factions were established within the party, the Khalq led by Taraki alongside Hafizullah Amin , and the Parcham led by Karmal. [11]", "precise_score": -1.8634288311004639, "rough_score": 2.3398780822753906, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Soviet Union threatened Pakistan in 1985 that it would help the Balochi liberation movement in Pakistan, if the Pakistani government continued to aid the mujahideen in Afghanistan. [63] Karmal became a problem to the Soviets when they wanted to withdraw; Karmal, in contrast to the Soviets, did not want a Soviet withdrawal, and he hampered attempts to improve relations with Pakistan, since the Pakistanti government had refused to recognise the PDPA government. [64]", "precise_score": -5.583097457885742, "rough_score": -3.580026626586914, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "vol. xx, no. 217 people bidding a warm farewell to babrak karmal, general secretary of keshtmand leave for moscow kabul, december 19 (ba-khtar). i the pdpa cc and president rc, sultan ali keshtmand, member politburo chairman council ministers dra, left this morning at invitation central committee soviet communist . party ussr attend -the ceremonies marking 60th founding anniversary of: ussr. motorcade escorted :; by meetings (bakhtar). sher jan ma-zdooryar, transport minister, had an introductory meeting, in his office with peter volkanov, ambassador people's republic bulgaria yesterday. similarly, faqir mohammad yaqubi, education minister also meeting volkanov ' afghan-mongolian friendship association, met ch. tumandelger, incharge ideological department mongolian revolutionary party, according another report.: : discussions were held on further consolidation friendly relations between parties, governments peoples two countries during meeting. report, guest visited chamber. mrd refutes zia's claim movement restoration democracy pakistan has, declaration, strongly refuted statement zia ul-haq, military ruler pakistan, which he claimed that there are only three political , prisoners pakistan. international news media, malik qasim, acting mrd, statement, said that, contrary claims ruler, thousands persons have been thrown into prison the- authorities charges indulging activities. ; qasim has stated deprived their basic rights. number motorcyclists, arrived kabul airport around ii a.m. was welcomed gen abdul qader, alternate national defence, foreign affairs transport. pioneers presented bouquets flowers karmal. later, accompanied defence commander guard, reviewed guard honour, after playing - anthem.- ceremony, karmal went row welcomers goodbye members women's meet welcomes yarsary forthcoming anniversary, event significance, marked function city provincial councils 'wdoa house sciences culture wdoa incharges spoke experience union attracting women process productive work. ended film, depicting pro- gress union. workers soldiers officers publication directorate ministry, employees ',' army magazine ha-qiqate sarbaz weekly wel- rallies canada aganist visit amnesty international, time ul-haq canada, staged demonstrations front embassy ottawa protest against policy government world said' islamabad regime ar rests, tortures executes without any convincing proofs changes ', them. sunday, 19, 1982 (qaus 28, secretariat cdmmittee, cc, rc presidium some members, deputy ministers, chief supreme court, vice-presidents nff, islamic 'ulema' clergy, generals armed forces, high-ranking employees, heads' leading bodies social organisations representatives th6 so--viet ambassadors, ka-and charge d'affaires attaches re corned occasion holding premises pioneer; 10th precinct dyoa amani lycee speeches establishment pioneers' training youth reconstruction new blossoming society afghanistan made dra-ussr book exhibition opened joint books published baihaqi 1 mezhdu-. narodnaya kniga here yesterday welcome if establishment. khan watt, political, scientific artistic subjects two-week display. opening minister-counsellor state printing ! role science bringing masses nations closer each other economic help given dra. they called step strengthening rela-' tions co-' untries. .' 4- siding kabul. saying welcomers, special stand march-past including air ground forces. approached plane and, near plane, bade j ministers. took off 11.30 f ;. terminal expressed -.-th-y eir sentiments chant- mg slogans waving flags. peace mo vement grows uk despite thatcher tactics london, group left-wing labour mp's demanded extraordinary debate commons nuclear weapons cruise missiles must be stopped, trident cancelled all bases britain closed down, says ceteka. party's anthony benn accused \"deliberately misleading us about balance\" giving \"the false impression is stronger than it not true.\" resolutely rejected branding activists as traitors or even 'agents. wih-ped confront powerful movement, better recognize strong moral base, stressed. large peoplelabour, liberal, conservative, democratic non-partywant see end strategy britain. force entered british politics government, tory labour, ignores will neglecting its peril, report says: conveying message camps capital purpose camp established building housing greater london here. weeks, 1361 u.s.) president, who being trip anwar farzam, presidium. 5 v road from headquarters decorated flags kar-mal's read: \"safe sound journey fraternal country, ussr, comrade karmal\", \"we,, afghanis- tan, express gratitude disinterested assistance union\", \"auspicious ussr.\" fighters explain go-. als anti-war so far built bases. one participants, helen blackwell, arafat raps us-israel axis arabs tunis, \"israel fills mercenary middle east. implements plans imperialism entire arab nation\", plo executi-ye yasser arafat, addressing participants congress radio broadcasting union, recently. war lebanon\", said, \"arab patriots fought israeli army. heroically resisted most american-israeli machine, equipped jets, tanks, financed banks following orders washington, recognised \"former alexander haigh. 'to question now facing nation traversing complex delicate stage development. israel usa encourage factionalism discord lebanon, taking steps dive country.\" schemes us-israeli alliance, however, pose threat lebanon but receives indian pm's nonaligned summit received saturday prime indira gandhi participation conference delhi march 1983. handed over j. n. dixit, whom the' council. conference, 7 11, 1983, preceded prep; aratory coordinating bureau level senior officials order demonstrate growing nothing stop it. r tass reports: conservative (continued page 4) countries\", said. aggressors are, 'meanwhile, mounting repressions occupied local inhabitants press occupation country. fresh clahes, provoked israelis, occurred lebanon's mountains regions, several killed wounded. tripoli adds: muammar gaddafi, libyan leader member-states steadfastness confrontation shortly. groups syria, algeria, libya, yemen palestine liberation organisation. proposed examination situation aggression elaboration measures directed frustrating capitulatory imperialism, zionism reactionaries, mobilising progressive forces elimination consequences aggression. price af8 s (photo: bakhtar) 4. ;' ambassador, conveyed greetings year mrs gandhi. thanked her referred importance non-aligned delhi, well she would play positive terms. ppp arrested, (bakhtar) represssions politicians criticise administration continue reported thursday newspaper times india, rashid arrested again, no levelled aga inst him. recently released half jail. repression continues brazil brasilia, giocondo dias, brazilian last monday sao paulo, seriously ill may go blind, agency reports police 80 party. first b-52 squadron begins duty york, modernised strategic bombers, missile friday round-the-clock alert griff-is base rome, york. american reports, 16 planes carries 11 missiles. observers note deployment bombers griffis part five-year program unprecedented buildup carried out ronald reagan administration. ( k", "precise_score": 2.071763515472412, "rough_score": 0.33521291613578796, "source": "search", "title": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "vol. xx, no. 217 people bidding a warm farewell to babrak karmal, general secretary of keshtmand leave for moscow kabul, december 19 (ba-khtar). i the pdpa cc and president rc, sultan ali keshtmand, member politburo chairman council ministers dra, left this morning at invitation central committee soviet communist . party ussr attend -the ceremonies marking 60th founding anniversary of: ussr. motorcade escorted :; by meetings (bakhtar). sher jan ma-zdooryar, transport minister, had an introductory meeting, in his office with peter volkanov, ambassador people's republic bulgaria yesterday. similarly, faqir mohammad yaqubi, education minister also meeting volkanov ' afghan-mongolian friendship association, met ch. tumandelger, incharge ideological department mongolian revolutionary party, according another report.: : discussions were held on further consolidation friendly relations between parties, governments peoples two countries during meeting. report, guest visited chamber. mrd refutes zia's claim movement restoration democracy pakistan has, declaration, strongly refuted statement zia ul-haq, military ruler pakistan, which he claimed that there are only three political , prisoners pakistan. international news media, malik qasim, acting mrd, statement, said that, contrary claims ruler, thousands persons have been thrown into prison the- authorities charges indulging activities. ; qasim has stated deprived their basic rights. number motorcyclists, arrived kabul airport around ii a.m. was welcomed gen abdul qader, alternate national defence, foreign affairs transport. pioneers presented bouquets flowers karmal. later, accompanied defence commander guard, reviewed guard honour, after playing - anthem.- ceremony, karmal went row welcomers goodbye members women's meet welcomes yarsary forthcoming anniversary, event significance, marked function city provincial councils 'wdoa house sciences culture wdoa incharges spoke experience union attracting women process productive work. ended film, depicting pro- gress union. workers soldiers officers publication directorate ministry, employees ',' army magazine ha-qiqate sarbaz weekly wel- rallies canada aganist visit amnesty international, time ul-haq canada, staged demonstrations front embassy ottawa protest against policy government world said' islamabad regime ar rests, tortures executes without any convincing proofs changes ', them. sunday, 19, 1982 (qaus 28, secretariat cdmmittee, cc, rc presidium some members, deputy ministers, chief supreme court, vice-presidents nff, islamic 'ulema' clergy, generals armed forces, high-ranking employees, heads' leading bodies social organisations representatives th6 so--viet ambassadors, ka-and charge d'affaires attaches re corned occasion holding premises pioneer; 10th precinct dyoa amani lycee speeches establishment pioneers' training youth reconstruction new blossoming society afghanistan made dra-ussr book exhibition opened joint books published baihaqi 1 mezhdu-. narodnaya kniga here yesterday welcome if establishment. khan watt, political, scientific artistic subjects two-week display. opening minister-counsellor state printing ! role science bringing masses nations closer each other economic help given dra. they called step strengthening rela-' tions co-' untries. .' 4- siding kabul. saying welcomers, special stand march-past including air ground forces. approached plane and, near plane, bade j ministers. took off 11.30 f ;. terminal expressed -.-th-y eir sentiments chant- mg slogans waving flags. peace mo vement grows uk despite thatcher tactics london, group left-wing labour mp's demanded extraordinary debate commons nuclear weapons cruise missiles must be stopped, trident cancelled all bases britain closed down, says ceteka. party's anthony benn accused \"deliberately misleading us about balance\" giving \"the false impression is stronger than it not true.\" resolutely rejected branding activists as traitors or even 'agents. wih-ped confront powerful movement, better recognize strong moral base, stressed. large peoplelabour, liberal, conservative, democratic non-partywant see end strategy britain. force entered british politics government, tory labour, ignores will neglecting its peril, report says: conveying message camps capital purpose camp established building housing greater london here. weeks, 1361 u.s.) president, who being trip anwar farzam, presidium. 5 v road from headquarters decorated flags kar-mal's read: \"safe sound journey fraternal country, ussr, comrade karmal\", \"we,, afghanis- tan, express gratitude disinterested assistance union\", \"auspicious ussr.\" fighters explain go-. als anti-war so far built bases. one participants, helen blackwell, arafat raps us-israel axis arabs tunis, \"israel fills mercenary middle east. implements plans imperialism entire arab nation\", plo executi-ye yasser arafat, addressing participants congress radio broadcasting union, recently. war lebanon\", said, \"arab patriots fought israeli army. heroically resisted most american-israeli machine, equipped jets, tanks, financed banks following orders washington, recognised \"former alexander haigh. 'to question now facing nation traversing complex delicate stage development. israel usa encourage factionalism discord lebanon, taking steps dive country.\" schemes us-israeli alliance, however, pose threat lebanon but receives indian pm's nonaligned summit received saturday prime indira gandhi participation conference delhi march 1983. handed over j. n. dixit, whom the' council. conference, 7 11, 1983, preceded prep; aratory coordinating bureau level senior officials order demonstrate growing nothing stop it. r tass reports: conservative (continued page 4) countries\", said. aggressors are, 'meanwhile, mounting repressions occupied local inhabitants press occupation country. fresh clahes, provoked israelis, occurred lebanon's mountains regions, several killed wounded. tripoli adds: muammar gaddafi, libyan leader member-states steadfastness confrontation shortly. groups syria, algeria, libya, yemen palestine liberation organisation. proposed examination situation aggression elaboration measures directed frustrating capitulatory imperialism, zionism reactionaries, mobilising progressive forces elimination consequences aggression. price af8 s (photo: bakhtar) 4. ;' ambassador, conveyed greetings year mrs gandhi. thanked her referred importance non-aligned delhi, well she would play positive terms. ppp arrested, (bakhtar) represssions politicians criticise administration continue reported thursday newspaper times india, rashid arrested again, no levelled aga inst him. recently released half jail. repression continues brazil brasilia, giocondo dias, brazilian last monday sao paulo, seriously ill may go blind, agency reports police 80 party. first b-52 squadron begins duty york, modernised strategic bombers, missile friday round-the-clock alert griff-is base rome, york. american reports, 16 planes carries 11 missiles. observers note deployment bombers griffis part five-year program unprecedented buildup carried out ronald reagan administration. ( k", "precise_score": 2.071763515472412, "rough_score": 0.33521291613578796, "source": "search", "title": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "These policy failures, and the stalemate that ensued after the Soviet intervention, led the Soviet leadership to become highly critical of Karmal's leadership. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union deposed Karmal and replaced him with Mohammad Najibullah. Following his loss of power, he was again exiled, this time to Moscow. He was allowed to return to Afghanistan in 1991 by the Najibullah government. Back in Afghanistan he became an associate of Abdul Rashid Dostum, and helped remove the Najibullah government from power. Not long after, in 1996, Karmal died from liver cancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.825264930725098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Amin was informed of the Soviet decision to intervene in Afghanistan and was initially supportive, but was assassinated. Under the command of the Soviets, Karmal ascended to power. On 27 December 1979 Radio Kabul broadcast Karmal's pre-recorded speech to the Afghan people, saying: \"Today the torture machine of Amin has been smashed, his accomplices – the primitive executioners, usurpers and murderers of tens of thousand of our fellow countrymen – fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, sons and daughters, children and old people ...\" Karmal was not in Kabul when the speech was broadcast; he was in Bagram, protected by the KGB.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.613275527954102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal's three most important promises were the general amnesty of prisoners, the promulgation of the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the adoption of a new flag containing the traditional black, red and green (the flag of Taraki and Amin was red). His government granted concessions to religious leaders and the restoration of confiscated property. Some property, which was confiscated during earlier land reforms, was also partially restored. All these measures, with the exception of the general amnesty of prisoners, were introduced gradually. Of 2,700 prisoners, 2,600 were released from prison; 600 of these were Parchamites. The general amnesty was greatly publicized by the government. While the event was hailed with enthusiasm by some, many others greeted the event with disdain, since their loved ones or associates had died during earlier purges. Amin had planned to introduce a general amnesty on 1 January 1980, to coincide with the PDPA's sixteenth anniversary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.712267875671387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "During the civil war and the ensuing Soviet war in Afghanistan, most of the country's infrastructure was destroyed. Normal patterns of economic activity were disrupted. The Gross national product (GNP) fell substantially during Karmal's rule because of the conflict; trade and transport was disrupted with loss of labor and capital. In 1981 the Afghan GDP stood at 154.3 billion Afghan afghanis, a drop from 159.7 billion in 1978. GNP per capita decreased from 7,370 in 1978 to 6,852 in 1981. The dominant form of economic activity was in the agricultural sector. Agriculture accounted for 63 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1981; 56 percent of the labor force was working in agriculture in 1982. Industry accounted for 21 percent of GDP in 1982, and employed 10 percent of the labor force. All industrial enterprises were government-owned. The service sector, the smallest of the three, accounted for 10 percent of GDP in 1981, and employed an estimated one-third of the labour force. The balance of payments, which had grown in the pre-communist administration of Muhammad Daoud Khan, decreased, turning negative by 1982 at 70.3 million $US. The only economic activity which grew substantially during Karmal's rule was export and import. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.5870442390441895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The stance of the Pakistani government was clear, demanding complete Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the establishment of a non-PDPA government. Karmal, summarizing his discussions with Iran and Pakistan, said \"Iran and Pakistan have so far not opted for concrete and constructive positions.\" During Karmal's rule Afghan–Pakistani relations remained hostile; the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan was the catalyst for the hostile relationship. The increasing numbers of Afghan refugees in Pakistan challenged the PDPA's legitimacy to rule.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.964616775512695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Soviet Union threatened in 1985 that it would support the Baloch separatist movement in Pakistan if the Pakistani government continued to aid the mujahideen in Afghanistan. Karmal, problematically for the Soviets, did not want a Soviet withdrawal, and he hampered attempts to improve relations with Pakistan since the Pakistani government had refused to recognise the PDPA government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.612650394439697, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babrak Karmal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "** In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs, who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.88569450378418, "source": "wiki", "title": "1979" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "* May 23 – Afghanistan recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.068084716796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "1979" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "** The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan, and Babrak Karmal replaces overthrown and executed President Hafizullah Amin, which begins the war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.123802661895752, "source": "wiki", "title": "1979" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "* September 14 – Nur Muhammad Taraki, President of Afghanistan (b. 1917)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.849325180053711, "source": "wiki", "title": "1979" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "** Hafizullah Amin, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.717491149902344, "source": "wiki", "title": "1979" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.666600227355957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Through the ages the land has been home to various peoples and witnessed numerous military campaigns; notably by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviet Russians, and in the modern-era by Western powers. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khiljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.522010803222656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the \"Great Game\" between British India and the Russian Empire. Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919, King Amanullah unsuccessfully attempted to modernize the country. It remained peaceful during Zahir Shah's forty years of monarchy. A series of coups in the 1970s was followed by a series of civil wars that devastated much of Afghanistan and continues to this day. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.817461013793945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The name Afghānistān (Pashto |افغانستان) is believed to be as old as the ethnonym Afghan, which is documented in the 10th-century geography book Hudud ul-'alam. The root name \"Afghan\" was used historically in reference to a member of the ethnic Pashtuns, and the suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" in Persian. Therefore, Afghanistan translates to land of the Afghans or, more specifically in a historical sense, to land of the Pashtuns. However, the modern Constitution of Afghanistan states that \"[t]he word Afghan shall apply to every citizen of Afghanistan.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12449836730957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Excavations of prehistoric sites by Louis Dupree and others suggest that humans were living in what is now Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago, and that farming communities in the area were among the earliest in the world. An important site of early historical activities, many believe that Afghanistan compares to Egypt in terms of the historical value of its archaeological sites. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273386001586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Many empires and kingdoms have also risen to power in Afghanistan, such as the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Hephthalites, Kabul Shahis, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Khiljis, Kartids, Timurids, Mughals, and finally the Hotak and Durrani dynasties that marked the political origins of the modern state. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.500511169433594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Archaeological exploration done in the 20th century suggests that the geographical area of Afghanistan has been closely connected by culture and trade with its neighbors to the east, west, and north. Artifacts typical of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron ages have been found in Afghanistan. Urban civilization is believed to have begun as early as 3000 BCE, and the early city of Mundigak (near Kandahar in the south of the country) may have been a colony of the nearby Indus Valley Civilization. More recent findings established that the Indus Valley Civilisation stretched up towards modern-day Afghanistan, making the ancient civilisation today part of Pakistan, Afghanistan and India. In more detail, it extended from what today is northwest Pakistan to northwest India and northeast Afghanistan. An Indus Valley site has been found on the Oxus River at Shortugai in northern Afghanistan. There are several smaller IVC colonies to be found in Afghanistan as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.166049003601074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "After 2000 BCE, successive waves of semi-nomadic people from Central Asia began moving south into Afghanistan; among them were many Indo-European-speaking Indo-Iranians. These tribes later migrated further into South Asia, Western Asia, and toward Europe via the area north of the Caspian Sea. The region at the time was referred to as Ariana. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.63957405090332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The religion Zoroastrianism is believed by some to have originated in what is now Afghanistan between 1800 and 800 BCE, as its founder Zoroaster is thought to have lived and died in Balkh. Ancient Eastern Iranian languages may have been spoken in the region around the time of the rise of Zoroastrianism. By the middle of the 6th century BCE, the Achaemenids overthrew the Medes and incorporated Arachosia, Aria, and Bactria within its eastern boundaries. An inscription on the tombstone of Darius I of Persia mentions the Kabul Valley in a list of the 29 countries that he had conquered. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.718043327331543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Alexander the Great and his Macedonian forces arrived to Afghanistan in 330 BCE after defeating Darius III of Persia a year earlier in the Battle of Gaugamela. Following Alexander's brief occupation, the successor state of the Seleucid Empire controlled the region until 305 BCE, when they gave much of it to the Maurya Empire as part of an alliance treaty. The Mauryans controlled the area south of the Hindu Kush until they were overthrown in about 185 BCE. Their decline began 60 years after Ashoka's rule ended, leading to the Hellenistic reconquest by the Greco-Bactrians. Much of it soon broke away from them and became part of the Indo-Greek Kingdom. They were defeated and expelled by the Indo-Scythians in the late 2nd century BCE. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.342652320861816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "During the first century BCE, the Parthian Empire subjugated the region, but lost it to their Indo-Parthian vassals. In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast Kushan Empire, centered in Afghanistan, became great patrons of Buddhist culture, making Buddhism flourish throughout the region. The Kushans were overthrown by the Sassanids in the 3rd century CE, though the Indo-Sassanids continued to rule at least parts of the region. They were followed by the Kidarite who, in turn, were replaced by the Hephthalites. By the 6th century CE, the successors to the Kushans and Hepthalites established a small dynasty called Kabul Shahi. Much of the northeastern and southern areas of the country remained dominated by Buddhist culture. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.318452835083008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "By the 11th century, Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the remaining Hindu rulers and effectively Islamized the wider region, with the exception of Kafiristan. Afghanistan became one of the main centers in the Muslim world during this Islamic Golden Age. The Ghaznavid dynasty was overthrown by the Ghurids, who expanded and advanced the already powerful Islamic empire.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.950977325439453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In the early 16th century, Babur arrived from Fergana and captured Kabul from the Arghun dynasty. In 1526, he invaded Delhi in India to replace the Lodi dynasty with the Mughal Empire. Between the 16th and 18th century, the Khanate of Bukhara, Safavids, and Mughals ruled parts of the territory. Before the 19th century, the northwestern area of Afghanistan was referred to by the regional name Khorasan. Two of the four capitals of Khorasan (Herat and Balkh) are now located in Afghanistan, while the regions of Kandahar, Zabulistan, Ghazni, Kabulistan, and Afghanistan formed the frontier between Khorasan and Hindustan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.123891830444336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In 1709, Mirwais Hotak, a local Ghilzai tribal leader, successfully rebelled against the Safavids. He defeated Gurgin Khan and made Afghanistan independent. Mirwais died of a natural cause in 1715 and was succeeded by his brother Abdul Aziz, who was soon killed by Mirwais' son Mahmud for treason. Mahmud led the Afghan army in 1722 to the Persian capital of Isfahan, captured the city after the Battle of Gulnabad and proclaimed himself King of Persia. The Afghan dynasty was ousted from Persia by Nader Shah after the 1729 Battle of Damghan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.553773880004883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In 1738, Nader Shah and his forces captured Kandahar, the last Hotak stronghold, from Shah Hussain Hotak, at which point the incarcerated 16-year-old Ahmad Shah Durrani was freed and made the commander of an Afghan regiment. Soon after the Persian and Afghan forces invaded India. By 1747, the Afghans chose Durrani as their head of state. Durrani and his Afghan army conquered much of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Khorasan and Kohistan provinces of Iran, and Delhi in India. He defeated the Indian Maratha Empire, and one of his biggest victories was the 1761 Battle of Panipat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.49930191040039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In October 1772, Durrani died of a natural cause and was buried at a site now adjacent to the Shrine of the Cloak in Kandahar. He was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah, who transferred the capital of Afghanistan from Kandahar to Kabul in 1776. After Timur's death in 1793, the Durrani throne passed down to his son Zaman Shah, followed by Mahmud Shah, Shuja Shah and others. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.764337539672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Afghan Empire was under threat in the early 19th century by the Persians in the west and the Sikh Empire in the east. Fateh Khan, leader of the Barakzai tribe, had installed 21 of his brothers in positions of power throughout the empire. After his death, they rebelled and divided up the provinces of the empire between themselves. During this turbulent period, Afghanistan had many temporary rulers until Dost Mohammad Khan declared himself emir in 1826. The Punjab region was lost to Ranjit Singh, who invaded Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and in 1834 captured the city of Peshawar. In 1837, during the Battle of Jamrud near the Khyber Pass, Akbar Khan and the Afghan army failed to capture the Jamrud fort from the Sikh Khalsa Army, but killed Sikh Commander Hari Singh Nalwa, thus ending the Afghan-Sikh Wars. By this time the British were advancing from the east and the first major conflict during the \"Great Game\" was initiated. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.170136451721191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "After the Third Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the Treaty of Rawalpindi in 1919, King Amanullah Khan declared Afghanistan a sovereign and fully independent state. He moved to end his country's traditional isolation by establishing diplomatic relations with the international community and, following a 1927–28 tour of Europe and Turkey, introduced several reforms intended to modernize his nation. A key force behind these reforms was Mahmud Tarzi, an ardent supporter of the education of women. He fought for Article 68 of Afghanistan's 1923 constitution, which made elementary education compulsory. The institution of slavery was abolished in 1923. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.996249198913574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Mohammed Zahir Shah, Nadir Shah's 19-year-old son, succeeded to the throne and reigned from 1933 to 1973. Until 1946, Zahir Shah ruled with the assistance of his uncle, who held the post of Prime Minister and continued the policies of Nadir Shah. Another of Zahir Shah's uncles, Shah Mahmud Khan, became Prime Minister in 1946 and began an experiment allowing greater political freedom, but reversed the policy when it went further than he expected. He was replaced in 1953 by Mohammed Daoud Khan, the king's cousin and brother-in-law. Daoud Khan sought a closer relationship with the Soviet Union and a more distant one towards Pakistan. Afghanistan remained neutral and was neither a participant in World War II nor aligned with either power bloc in the Cold War. However, it was a beneficiary of the latter rivalry as both the Soviet Union and the United States vied for influence by building Afghanistan's main highways, airports, and other vital infrastructure. On per capita basis, Afghanistan received more Soviet development aid than any other country. In 1973, while King Zahir Shah was on an official overseas visit, Daoud Khan launched a bloodless coup and became the first President of Afghanistan. In the meantime, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto got neighboring Pakistan involved in Afghanistan. Some experts suggest that Bhutto paved the way for the April 1978 Saur Revolution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.070067405700684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In April 1978, the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seized power in Afghanistan in the Saur Revolution. Within months, opponents of the communist government launched an uprising in eastern Afghanistan that quickly expanded into a civil war waged by guerrilla mujahideen against government forces countrywide. The Pakistani government provided these rebels with covert training centers, while the Soviet Union sent thousands of military advisers to support the PDPA government. Meanwhile, increasing friction between the competing factions of the PDPA — the dominant Khalq and the more moderate Parcham — resulted in the dismissal of Parchami cabinet members and the arrest of Parchami military officers under the pretext of a Parchami coup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.304630279541016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The United States had been supporting anti-Soviet Afghan mujahideen and foreign \"Afghan Arab\" fighters through Pakistan's ISI as early as mid-1979 (see CIA activities in Afghanistan). Billions in cash and weapons, which included over two thousand FIM-92 Stinger surface-to-air missiles, were provided by the United States and Saudi Arabia to Pakistan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.21510124206543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Soviet war in Afghanistan resulted in the deaths of over 1 million Afghans, mostly civilians, and the creation of about 6million refugees who fled Afghanistan, mainly to Pakistan and Iran. Faced with mounting international pressure and numerous casualties, the Soviets withdrew in 1989 but continued to support Afghan President Mohammad Najibullah until 1992. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.945233345031738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "From 1989 until 1992, Najibullah's government tried to solve the ongoing civil war with economic and military aid, but without Soviet troops on the ground. Najibullah tried to build support for his government by portraying his government as Islamic, and in the 1990 constitution the country officially became an Islamic state and all references of communism were removed. Nevertheless, Najibullah did not win any significant support, and with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, he was left without foreign aid. This, coupled with the internal collapse of his government, led to his ousting from power in April 1992. After the fall of Najibullah's government in 1992, the post-communist Islamic State of Afghanistan was established by the Peshawar Accord, a peace and power-sharing agreement under which all the Afghan parties were united in April 1992, except for the Pakistani supported Hezb-e Islami of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Hekmatyar started a bombardment campaign against the capital city Kabul, which marked the beginning of a new phase in the war. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.669471740722656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Due to the sudden initiation of the war, working government departments, police units, and a system of justice and accountability for the newly created Islamic State of Afghanistan did not have time to form. Atrocities were committed by individuals of the different armed factions while Kabul descended into lawlessness and chaos. Because of the chaos, some leaders increasingly had only nominal control over their (sub-)commanders. For civilians there was little security from murder, rape, and extortion. An estimated 25,000 people died during the most intense period of bombardment by Hekmatyar's Hezb-i Islami and the Junbish-i Milli forces of Abdul Rashid Dostum, who had created an alliance with Hekmatyar in 1994. Half a million people fled Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53451156616211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Southern and eastern Afghanistan were under the control of local commanders such as Gul Agha Sherzai and others. In 1994, the Taliban (a movement originating from Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-run religious schools for Afghan refugees in Pakistan) also developed in Afghanistan as a political-religious force. The Taliban first took control of southern Afghanistan in 1994 and forced the surrender of dozens of local Pashtun leaders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.584485054016113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Taliban's early victories in late 1994 were followed by a series of defeats that resulted in heavy losses. The Taliban attempted to capture Kabul in early 1995 but were repelled by forces under Massoud. In September 1996, as the Taliban, with military support from Pakistan and financial support from Saudi Arabia, prepared for another major offensive, Massoud ordered a full retreat from Kabul. The Taliban seized Kabul in the same month and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. They imposed a strict form of Sharia, similar to that found in Saudi Arabia. According to Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), \"no other regime in the world has methodically and violently forced half of its population into virtual house arrest, prohibiting them on pain of physical punishment from showing their faces, seeking medical care without a male escort, or attending school.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.491541862487793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "After the fall of Kabul to the Taliban, Massoud and Dostum formed the Northern Alliance. The Taliban defeated Dostum's forces during the Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif (1997–98). Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff, Pervez Musharraf, began sending thousands of Pakistanis to help the Taliban defeat the Northern Alliance. From 1996 to 2001, the al-Qaeda network of Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri was also operating inside Afghanistan. This and the fact that around one million Afghans were internally displaced made the United States worry. From 1990 to September 2001, around 400,000 Afghans died in the internal mini-wars. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.515337944030762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On 9 September 2001, Massoud was assassinated by two Arab suicide attackers in Panjshir province of Afghanistan. Two days later, the September 11 attacks were carried out in the United States. The US government suspected Osama bin Laden as the perpetrator of the attacks, and demanded that the Taliban hand him over. After refusing to comply, the October 2001 Operation Enduring Freedom was launched. During the initial invasion, US and UK forces bombed al-Qaeda training camps. The United States began working with the Northern Alliance to remove the Taliban from power. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.257200241088867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In December 2001, after the Taliban government was overthrown and the new Afghan government under President Hamid Karzai was formed, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was established by the UN Security Council to help assist the Karzai administration and provide basic security. Taliban forces also began regrouping inside Pakistan, while more coalition troops entered Afghanistan and began rebuilding the war-torn country. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.884761810302734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Shortly after their fall from power, the Taliban began an insurgency to regain control of Afghanistan. Over the next decade, ISAF and Afghan troops led many offensives against the Taliban but failed to fully defeat them. Afghanistan remains one of the poorest countries in the world due to a lack of foreign investment, government corruption, and the Taliban insurgency. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.011818885803223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Meanwhile, the Afghan government was able to build some democratic structures, and the country changed its name to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Attempts were made, often with the support of foreign donor countries, to improve the country's economy, healthcare, education, transport, and agriculture. ISAF forces also began to train the Afghan National Security Forces. In the decade following 2002, over five million Afghans were repatriated, including some who were forcefully deported from Western countries. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.848648071289062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "After the May 2011 death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan, many prominent Afghan figures were assassinated. Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes intensified and many large scale attacks by the Pakistan-based Haqqani Network also took place across Afghanistan. The United States blamed rogue elements within the Pakistani government for the increased attacks. The U.S. government spent tens of billions of dollars on development aid over 15 years and over a trillion dollars on military expenses during the same period. Corruption by Western defense and development contractors and associated Afghans reached unprecedented levels in a country where the national GDP was often only a small fraction of the U.S. government's annual budget for the conflict. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.704203605651855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Following the 2014 presidential election President Karzai left power and Ashraf Ghani became President in September 2014. The US war in Afghanistan (America's longest war) officially ended on December 28, 2014. However, thousands of US-led NATO troops have remained in the country to train and advise Afghan government forces. The 2001–present war has resulted in over 90,000 direct war-related deaths, which includes insurgents, Afghan civilians and government forces. Over 100,000 have been injured. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.220966339111328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "A landlocked mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest, Afghanistan is located within South Asia and Central Asia. It is part of the US-coined Greater Middle East Muslim world, which lies between latitudes 29th parallel north| and 39th parallel north|, and longitudes 60th meridian east| and 75th meridian east|. The country's highest point is Noshaq, at 7492 m above sea level. It has a continental climate with harsh winters in the central highlands, the glaciated northeast (around Nuristan), and the Wakhan Corridor, where the average temperature in January is below , and hot summers in the low-lying areas of the Sistan Basin of the southwest, the Jalalabad basin in the east, and the Turkestan plains along the Amu River in the north, where temperatures average over 35 C in July.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.72613525390625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Despite having numerous rivers and reservoirs, large parts of the country are dry. The endorheic Sistan Basin is one of the driest regions in the world. Aside from the usual rainfall, Afghanistan receives snow during the winter in the Hindu Kush and Pamir Mountains, and the melting snow in the spring season enters the rivers, lakes, and streams. However, two-thirds of the country's water flows into the neighboring countries of Iran, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan. The state needs more than to rehabilitate its irrigation systems so that the water is properly managed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.858688354492188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The northeastern Hindu Kush mountain range, in and around the Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, is in a geologically active area where earthquakes may occur almost every year. They can be deadly and destructive sometimes, causing landslides in some parts or avalanches during the winter. The last strong earthquakes were in 1998, which killed about 6,000 people in Badakhshan near Tajikistan. This was followed by the 2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes in which over 150 people were killed and over 1,000 injured. A 2010 earthquake left 11 Afghans dead, over 70 injured, and more than 2,000 houses destroyed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.281346321105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "At 652230 km2, Afghanistan is the world's 41st largest country, slightly bigger than France and smaller than Burma, about the size of Texas in the United States. It borders Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far east.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869266510009766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": ", the population of Afghanistan is around 32,564,342, which includes the roughly 2.7 million Afghan refugees still living in Pakistan and Iran. As of 2013 46% of Afghanistan's population are under 15 years of age and 74% of the population live in rural areas. The average woman gave birth to five children during her life and 6.8% of all babies died in child-birth or infancy. Life expectancy in 2013 was 60 years and only .1% of the population between ages 15 and 49 had HIV. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268346786499023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Like many of its neighboring countries, Afghanistan has an ethnically, linguistically and religiously diverse population. According to cartographer Michael Izady there \"is precious little correspondence between language and ethnic or group identity in Afghanistan. Connections such as tribe (e.g. Pashtuns, Aimaqs), religion (e.g. the Shia Hazaras, Sayyids, Kizilbash), group memory (e.g. Arabs and Monghols/Mongols) or life style (e.g. Parsiwans) are far more important markers of group identity than language has ever been. Only Turkmens (totally) and Uzbeks (mostly) are to be identified with languages that they speak. This has been so since the inception of the state in AD 1747.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.66033935546875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan has experienced a gradual urbanization since the late 1990s but the country remains one of the world's least urban societies. In 1999 around 79% of the country's population lived in rural areas compared to around 74% in 2014. The only city with over a million residents is its capital, Kabul. Other large cities in the country are, in order of population size, Kandahar, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif, Jalalabad, Lashkar Gah, Taloqan, Khost, Sheberghan, and Ghazni. According to the Population Reference Bureau, the Afghan population is estimated to increase to 82 million by 2050. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.287619590759277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan is a multiethnic society, and its historical status as a crossroads has contributed significantly to its diverse ethnic makeup. The population of the country is divided into a wide variety of ethnolinguistic groups. Because a systematic census has not been held in the nation in decades, exact figures about the size and composition of the various ethnic groups are unavailable. An approximate distribution of the ethnic groups is shown in the chart below:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094805717468262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Pashto and Dari are the official languages of Afghanistan; bilingualism is very common. Both are Indo-European languages from the Iranian languages sub-family. Dari (Afghan Persian) has long been the prestige language and a lingua franca for inter-ethnic communication. It is the native tongue of the Tajiks, Hazaras, Aimaks, and Kizilbash. Pashto is the native tongue of the Pashtuns, although many Pashtuns often use Dari and some non-Pashtuns are fluent in Pashto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.887474060058594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Until the 1890s, the region around Nuristan was known as Kafiristan (land of the kafirs (unbelievers)) because of its non-Muslim inhabitants, the Nuristanis, an ethnically distinct people whose religious practices included animism, polytheism, and shamanism. Thousands of Afghan Sikhs and Hindus are also found in the major cities. There was a small Jewish community in Afghanistan who had emigrated to Israel and the United States by the end of the twentieth century; only one Jew, Zablon Simintov, remained by 2005. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.990193367004395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan is an Islamic republic consisting of three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial. The nation is led by President Ashraf Ghani with Abdul Rashid Dostum and Sarwar Danish as vice presidents. Abdullah Abdullah serves as the chief executive officer (CEO). The National Assembly is the legislature, a bicameral body having two chambers, the House of the People and the House of Elders. The Supreme Court is led by Chief Justice Said Yusuf Halem, the former Deputy Minister of Justice for Legal Affairs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.034862518310547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "A January 2010 report published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime revealed that bribery consumed an amount equal to 23% of the GDP of the nation. A number of government ministries are believed to be rife with corruption, and while President Karzai vowed to tackle the problem in late 2009 by stating that \"individuals who are involved in corruption will have no place in the government\", top government officials were stealing and misusing hundreds of millions of dollars through the Kabul Bank. According to Transparency International's 2014 corruption perceptions index results, Afghanistan was ranked as the fourth most corrupt country in the world. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.59235954284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In the 2005 parliamentary election, among the elected officials were former mujahideen, Islamic fundamentalists, warlords, communists, reformists, and several Taliban associates. In the same period, Afghanistan reached to the 30th highest nation in terms of female representation in parliament. The last parliamentary election was held in September 2010, but due to disputes and investigation of fraud, the swearing-in ceremony took place in late January 2011. The 2014 presidential election ended with Ashraf Ghani winning by 56.44% votes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.456217765808105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan is administratively divided into 34 provinces (wilayats), with each province having its own capital and a provincial administration. The provinces are further divided into about 398 smaller provincial districts, each of which normally covers a city or a number of villages. Each district is represented by a district governor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41291332244873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The provincial governors are appointed by the President of Afghanistan and the district governors are selected by the provincial governors. The provincial governors are representatives of the central government in Kabul and are responsible for all administrative and formal issues within their provinces. There are also provincial councils that are elected through direct and general elections for a period of four years. The functions of provincial councils are to take part in provincial development planning and to participate in the monitoring and appraisal of other provincial governance institutions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.243022918701172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "According to article 140 of the constitution and the presidential decree on electoral law, mayors of cities should be elected through free and direct elections for a four-year term. However, due to huge election costs, mayoral and municipal elections have never been held. Instead, mayors have been appointed by the government. In the capital city of Kabul, the mayor is appointed by the President of Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.124394416809082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs is in charge of maintaining the foreign relations of Afghanistan. The state has been a member of the United Nations since 1946. It enjoys strong economic relations with a number of NATO and allied states, particularly the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Turkey. In 2012, the United States designated Afghanistan as a major non-NATO ally and created the U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement. Afghanistan also has friendly diplomatic relations with neighboring Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China, and with regional states such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Russia, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Egypt, Japan, and South Korea. It continues to develop diplomatic relations with other countries around the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.415746688842773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) was established in 2002 under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1401 in order to help the country recover from decades of war. Today, a number of NATO member states deploy about 38,000 troops in Afghanistan as part of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). Its main purpose is to train the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). The Afghan Armed Forces are under the Ministry of Defense, which includes the Afghan National Army (ANA) and the Afghan Air Force (AAF). The ANA is divided into 7 major Corps, with the 201st Selab (\"Flood\") in Kabul followed by the 203rd in Gardez, 205th Atul (\"Hero\") in Kandahar, 207th in Herat, 209th in Mazar-i-Sharif, and the 215th in Lashkar Gah. The ANA also has a commando brigade, which was established in 2007. The Afghan Defense University (ADU) houses various educational establishments for the Afghan Armed Forces, including the National Military Academy of Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.669928550720215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The police receive most of their training from Western forces under the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan. According to a 2009 news report, a large proportion of police officers were illiterate and accused of demanding bribes. Jack Kem, deputy to the commander of NATO Training Mission Afghanistan and Combined Security Transition Command Afghanistan, stated that the literacy rate in the ANP would rise to over 50% by January 2012. What began as a voluntary literacy program became mandatory for basic police training in early 2011. Approximately 17% of them tested positive for illegal drug use. In 2009, President Karzai created two anti-corruption units within the Interior Ministry. Former Interior Minister Hanif Atmar said that security officials from the US (FBI), Britain (Scotland Yard), and the European Union will train prosecutors in the unit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.753625869750977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "All parts of Afghanistan are considered dangerous due to militant activities. Hundreds of Afghan police are killed in the line of duty each year. Kidnapping and robberies are also reported. The Afghan Border Police (ABP) are responsible for protecting the nation's airports and borders, especially the disputed Durand Line border, which is often used by members of criminal organizations and terrorists for their illegal activities. A report in 2011 suggested that up to 3 million people were involved in the illegal drug business in Afghanistan. Attacks on government employees may be ordered by powerful mafia groups who reside inside and outside the country. Drugs from Afghanistan are exported to neighboring countries and then to other countries. The Afghan Ministry of Counter Narcotics is tasked to deal with these issues by bringing to justice major drug traffickers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.831846237182617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan is an impoverished least developed country, one of the world's poorest because of decades of war and lack of foreign investment. , the nation's GDP stands at about $60.58 billion with an exchange rate of $20.31 billion, and the GDP per capita is $1,900. The country's exports totaled $2.7 billion in 2012. Its unemployment rate was reported in 2008 at about 35%. According to a 2009 report, about 42% of the population lives on less than $1 a day. The nation has less than $1.5 billion in external debt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.133349418640137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Afghan economy has been growing at about 10% per year in the last decade, which is due to the infusion of over $50 billion in international aid and remittances from Afghan expats. It is also due to improvements made to the transportation system and agricultural production, which is the backbone of the nation's economy. The country is known for producing some of the finest pomegranates, grapes, apricots, melons, and several other fresh and dry fruits, including nuts. Many sources indicate that as much as 11% or more of Afghanistan's economy is derived from the cultivation and sale of opium, and Afghanistan is widely considered the world's largest producer of opium despite Afghan government and international efforts to eradicate the crop. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.792140007019043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Da Afghanistan Bank serves as the central bank of the nation and the \"Afghani\" (AFN) is the national currency, with an exchange rate of about 47 Afghanis to 1 US dollar. Since 2003, over 16 new banks have opened in the country, including Afghanistan International Bank, Kabul Bank, Azizi Bank, Pashtany Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, and First Micro Finance Bank.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.540616035461426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan is a member of WTO, SAARC, ECO, and OIC. It holds an observer status in SCO. Foreign Minister Zalmai Rassoul told the media in 2011 that his nation's \"goal is to achieve an Afghan economy whose growth is based on trade, private enterprise and investment\". Experts believe that this will revolutionize the economy of the region. Opium production in Afghanistan soared to a record in 2007 with about 3 million people reported to be involved in the business, but then declined significantly in the years following. The government started programs to help reduce poppy cultivation, and by 2010 it was reported that 24 out of the 34 provinces were free from poppy growing. In June 2012, India advocated for private investments in the resource rich country and the creation of a suitable environment therefor. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.931307792663574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Michael E. O'Hanlon of the Brookings Institution estimated that if Afghanistan generates about $10 bn per year from its mineral deposits, its gross national product would double and provide long-term funding for Afghan security forces and other critical needs. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated in 2006 that northern Afghanistan has an average (bbl) of crude oil, 15.7 trillion cubic feet (15700 ft3 bn m3) of natural gas, and of natural gas liquids. In 2011, Afghanistan signed an oil exploration contract with China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) for the development of three oil fields along the Amu Darya river in the north. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.925633430480957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The country has significant amounts of lithium, copper, gold, coal, iron ore, and other minerals. The Khanashin carbonatite in Helmand Province contains 1000000 MT of rare earth elements. In 2007, a 30-year lease was granted for the Aynak copper mine to the China Metallurgical Group for $3 billion, making it the biggest foreign investment and private business venture in Afghanistan's history. The state-run Steel Authority of India won the mining rights to develop the huge Hajigak iron ore deposit in central Afghanistan. Government officials estimate that 30% of the country's untapped mineral deposits are worth between and . One official asserted that \"this will become the backbone of the Afghan economy\" and a Pentagon memo stated that Afghanistan could become the \"Saudi Arabia of lithium\". In a 2011 news story, the CSM reported, \"The United States and other Western nations that have borne the brunt of the cost of the Afghan war have been conspicuously absent from the bidding process on Afghanistan's mineral deposits, leaving it mostly to regional powers.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.073382377624512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Air transport in Afghanistan is provided by the national carrier, Ariana Afghan Airlines (AAA), and by private companies such as Afghan Jet International, East Horizon Airlines, Kam Air, Pamir Airways, and Safi Airways. Airlines from a number of countries also provide flights in and out of the country. These include Air India, Emirates, Gulf Air, Iran Aseman Airlines, Pakistan International Airlines, and Turkish Airlines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1087007522583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": ", the country has only two rail links, one a 75 km line from Kheyrabad to the Uzbekistan border and the other a 10 km long line from Toraghundi to the Turkmenistan border. Both lines are used for freight only and there is no passenger service as of yet. There are various proposals for the construction of additional rail lines in the country. In 2013, the presidents of Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan attended the groundbreaking ceremony for a 225 km line between Turkmenistan-Andkhvoy-Mazar-i-Sharif-Kheyrabad. The line will link at Kheyrabad with the existing line to the Uzbekistan border. Plans exist for a rail line from Kabul to the eastern border town of Torkham, where it will connect with Pakistan Railways. There are also plans to finish a rail line between Khaf, Iran and Herat, Afghanistan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.879318237304688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Traveling by bus in Afghanistan remains dangerous due to careless and intoxicated bus drivers as well as militant activities. The buses are usually older model Mercedes-Benz and owned by private companies. Serious traffic accidents are common on Afghan roads and highways, particularly on the Kabul–Kandahar and the Kabul–Jalalabad Road. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216431617736816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Newer automobiles have recently become more widely available after the rebuilding of roads and highways. They are imported from the United Arab Emirates through Pakistan and Iran. , vehicles more than 10 years old are banned from being imported into the country. The development of the nation's road network is a major boost for the economy due to trade with neighboring countries. Postal services in Afghanistan are provided by the publicly owned Afghan Post and private companies such as FedEx, DHL, and others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.731465339660645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Telecommunication services in the country are provided by Afghan Wireless, Etisalat, Roshan, MTN Group, and Afghan Telecom. In 2006, the Afghan Ministry of Communications signed a $64.5 million agreement with ZTE for the establishment of a countrywide optical fiber cable network. , Afghanistan had around 17 million GSM phone subscribers and over 1 million internet users, but only had about 75,000 fixed telephone lines and a little over 190,000 CDMA subscribers. 3G services are provided by Etisalat and MTN Group. In 2014, Afghanistan leased a space satellite from Eutelsat, called AFGHANSAT 1. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.55726146697998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "According to the Human Development Index, Afghanistan is the 15th least developed country in the world. The average life expectancy is estimated to be around 60 years for both sexes. The country has one of the highest maternal mortality rate in the world as well as the highest infant mortality rate in the world (deaths of babies under one year), estimated in 2015 to be 115.08 deaths/1,000 live births. The Ministry of Public Health plans to cut the infant mortality rate to 400 for every 100,000 live births before 2020. The country currently has more than 3,000 midwives, with an additional 300 to 400 being trained each year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.727633476257324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "It was reported in 2006 that nearly 60% of the population lives within a two-hour walk of the nearest health facility, up from 9% in 2002. The latest surveys show that 57% of Afghans say they have good or very good access to clinics or hospitals. The nation has one of the highest incidences of people with disabilities, with around a million people affected. About 80,000 people are missing limbs; most of these were injured by landmines. Non-governmental charities such as Save the Children and Mahboba's Promise assist orphans in association with governmental structures. Demographic and Health Surveys is working with the Indian Institute of Health Management Research and others to conduct a survey in Afghanistan focusing on maternal death, among other things. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.799375534057617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Education in the country includes K–12 and higher education, which is supervised by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education. The nation's education system was destroyed due to the decades of war, but it began reviving after the Karzai administration came to power in late 2001. More than 5,000 schools were built or renovated in the last decade, with more than 100,000 teachers being trained and recruited. More than seven million male and female students are enrolled in schools, with about 100,000 being enrolled in different universities around the country; at least 35% of these students are female. , there are 16,000 schools across Afghanistan. Education Minister Ghulam Farooq Wardak stated that another 8,000 schools are required to be constructed for the remaining 3 million children who are deprived of education. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.751504898071289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Kabul University reopened in 2002 to both male and female students. In 2006, the American University of Afghanistan was established in Kabul, with the aim of providing a world-class, English-language, co-educational learning environment in Afghanistan. The capital of Kabul serves as the learning center of Afghanistan, with many of the best educational institutions being based there. Major universities outside of Kabul include Kandahar University in the south, Herat University in the northwest, Balkh University in the north, Nangarhar University and Khost University in the east. The National Military Academy of Afghanistan, modeled after the United States Military Academy at West Point, is a four-year military development institution dedicated to graduating officers for the Afghan Armed Forces. The $200 million Afghan Defense University is under construction near Qargha in Kabul. The United States is building six faculties of education and five provincial teacher training colleges around the country, two large secondary schools in Kabul, and one school in Jalalabad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.431038856506348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The literacy rate of the entire population has been very low but is now rising because more students go to schools. In 2010, the United States began establishing a number of Lincoln learning centers in Afghanistan. They are set up to serve as programming platforms offering English language classes, library facilities, programming venues, Internet connectivity, and educational and other counseling services. A goal of the program is to reach at least 4,000 Afghan citizens per month per location. The Afghan National Security Forces are provided with mandatory literacy courses. In addition to this, Baghch-e-Simsim (based on the American Sesame Street) was launched in late 2011 to help young Afghan children learn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.193811416625977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The nation has a complex history that has survived either in its current cultures or in the form of various languages and monuments. However, many of its historic monuments have been damaged in recent wars. The two famous Buddhas of Bamiyan were destroyed by the Taliban, who regarded them as idolatrous. Despite that, archaeologists are still finding Buddhist relics in different parts of the country, some of them dating back to the 2nd century. This indicates that Buddhism was widespread in Afghanistan. Other historical places include the cities of Herat, Kandahar, Ghazni, Mazar-i-Sharif, and Zarang. The Minaret of Jam in the Hari River valley is a UNESCO World Heritage site. A cloak reputedly worn by Islam's prophet Muhammad is kept inside the Shrine of the Cloak in Kandahar, a city founded by Alexander and the first capital of Afghanistan. The citadel of Alexander in the western city of Herat has been renovated in recent years and is a popular attraction for tourists. In the north of the country is the Shrine of Hazrat Ali, believed by many to be the location where Ali was buried. The Afghan Ministry of Information and Culture is renovating 42 historic sites in Ghazni until 2013, when the province will be declared as the capital of Islamic civilization. The National Museum of Afghanistan is located in Kabul.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.804807662963867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Afghan mass media began in the early 20th century, with the first newspaper published in 1906. By the 1920s, Radio Kabul was broadcasting local radio services. Afghanistan National Television was launched in 1974 but was closed in 1996 when the media was tightly controlled by the Taliban. Since 2002, press restrictions have been gradually relaxed and private media diversified. Freedom of expression and the press is promoted in the 2004 constitution and censorship is banned, although defaming individuals or producing material contrary to the principles of Islam is prohibited. In 2008, Reporters Without Borders ranked the media environment as 156 out of 173 countries, with the 1st being the most free. Around 400 publications were registered, at least 15 local Afghan television channels, and 60 radio stations. Foreign radio stations, such as Voice of America, BBC World Service, and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) broadcast into the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.121805191040039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The city of Kabul has been home to many musicians who were masters of both traditional and modern Afghan music. Traditional music is especially popular during the Nowruz (New Year) and National Independence Day celebrations. Ahmad Zahir, Nashenas, Ustad Sarahang, Sarban, Ubaidullah Jan, Farhad Darya, and Naghma are some of the notable Afghan musicians, but there are many others. Most Afghans are accustomed to watching Indian Bollywood films and listening to its filmi hit songs. Many major Bollywood film stars have roots in Afghanistan, including Salman Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Shah Rukh Khan (SRK), Aamir Khan, Feroz Khan, Kader Khan, Naseeruddin Shah, Zarine Khan and Celina Jaitly. In addition, several Bollywood films, such as Dharmatma, Khuda Gawah, Escape from Taliban, and Kabul Express have been shot inside Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.953615188598633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In recent years, Afghan sports teams have increasingly celebrated titles at international events. Afghanistan's basketball team won the first team sports title at the 2010 South Asian Games. Later that year, the country's cricket team followed as it won the 2010 ICC Intercontinental Cup. In 2012, the country's 3x3 basketball team won the gold medal at the 2012 Asian Beach Games, in 2013, Afghanistan's football team followed as it won the SAFF Championship.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04918098449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Cricket is the country's most popular sport, followed by association football. The Afghan national cricket team, which was formed in the last decade, participated in the 2009 ICC World Cup Qualifier, 2010 ICC World Cricket League Division One and the 2010 ICC World Twenty20. It won the ACC Twenty20 Cup in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. The team eventually made it to play in the 2015 Cricket World Cup. The Afghanistan Cricket Board (ACB) is the official governing body of the sport and is headquartered in Kabul. The Ghazi Amanullah Khan International Cricket Stadium serves as the nation's main cricket stadium, followed by the Kabul National Cricket Stadium. Several other stadiums are under construction. Domestically, cricket is played between teams from different provinces.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.665021896362305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Afghanistan national football team has been competing in international football since 1941. The national team plays its home games at the Ghazi Stadium in Kabul, while football in Afghanistan is governed by the Afghanistan Football Federation. The national team has never competed or qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but has recently won an international football trophy in 2013. The country also has a national team in the sport of futsal, a 5-a-side variation of football.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031534194946289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Other popular sports in Afghanistan include basketball, volleyball, taekwondo, and bodybuilding. Buzkashi is a traditional sport, mainly among the northern Afghans. It is similar to polo, played by horsemen in two teams, each trying to grab and hold a goat carcass. The Afghan Hound (a type of running dog) originated in Afghanistan and was originally used in hunting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.301164627075195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "3rd Prime Minister of Democratic Republic of Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.905330657958984, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan Portal", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.451186180114746, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Having been restored to power with Soviet support, he was unable to consolidate his power and, in 1986, he was replaced by Dr. Mohammad Najibullah . He left Afghanistan for Moscow , where he died in 1996.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.432692527770996, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "He managed to fulfill some of his promises: the release of some political prisoners; the promulgation of the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ; the change of the red, Soviet-style banner of the Khalq period to the more orthodox one of black, red, and green; the granting of concessions to religious leaders; and the conditional restoration of confiscated property.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.253806114196777, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "However, from the beginning, his government did not enjoy international support. The United Nations General Assembly voted by 104 to 18 with 18 abstentions for a resolution which \"strongly deplored\" the \"recent armed intervention\" in Afghanistan and called for the \"total withdrawal of foreign troops\" from the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.845399856567383, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Thus, the civil war in Afghanistan started. This was a different type of war, however, since it involved guerrilla warfare and a war of attrition between the PDPA-Communist controlled regime and the Mujahideen ; it cost both sides a great deal. Many Afghans, perhaps as many as five million, or one-quarter of the country's population, fled to Pakistan and Iran where they organized into guerrilla groups to strike Soviet and government forces inside Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.126978874206543, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Others remained in Afghanistan and also formed fighting groups. These various groups were supplied with funds to purchase arms, principally from the United States , Saudi Arabia , the People's Republic of China , and Egypt .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.097915649414062, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Additionally, some Afghan troops who had fought for the Communist Government began to defect. In May 1986 he was replaced as party leader by Mohammad Najibullah . In November 1986, under increasing pressure from Moscow, he stepped down from the presidency, saying that he had heart trouble. [4] Karmal then moved to Moscow, reportedly for medical treatment. [5] He returned to Kabul in 1991 and then spent a few years in Hayratan (Afghanistan). He eventually died in Moscow in 1996 [6] .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.544090747833252, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal's body was flown the following day from Moscow to Termez , a city in Uzbekistan that borders Afghanistan. From there it was carried in an ambulance via the \" Friendship Bridge \" to Hayratan, the border city on the Afghan side near Termez. Nearly a thousand people from different parts of Afghanistan and from different walks of life were waiting in a very long line to welcome Karmal's body back to Afghanistan. His body was first taken to Hayratan General Hospital where it was put on display for hundreds of people who came to pay their last respects to the man who once was their President. Karmal's body was buried in the Hayratan common graveyard beside the grave of his life-long comrade Imtiaz Hassan, who had earlier died in Moscow and was buried in the Hayratan Graveyard. Films of Karmal's funeral and burial are available.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.405397415161133, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Himself a Pashtu, Afghanistan’s largest tribe, Najib is a member of Karmal’s Parcham wing of the party—a rare combination which must give him a chance to be accepted in both main groupings of the party, and thereby reinforce its still precarious unity. In the first days after he took over as leader, he made several visits to the provinces. According to the official media, he spoke there about improving conscription rates and morale in the army.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.929216384887695, "source": "search", "title": "Changes at the Top | Middle East Research and Information ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "It would be wrong to see Karmal’s departure from the party leadership as in any way a conciliatory move towards Pakistan or the mujahidin. Najib is even less acceptable. But his appointment and his emphasis on building up the country’s own defenses may indicate that the way is slowly being prepared for a Soviet withdrawal. There is no chance of the Soviets leaving unless they have first achieved better military control of the border zones through which the mujahidin come and, secondly, have organized Afghanistan’s security forces into a position where they can survive on their own. In this sense, Najib’s arrival may signal the beginning of the end of the Soviet military role in Afghanistan. It does not alter the general conclusion of this series that a Soviet withdrawal is far from imminent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.263360977172852, "source": "search", "title": "Changes at the Top | Middle East Research and Information ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "AFGHANISTAN MYSTERY - WHERE IS LEADER? - NYTimes.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.543411254882812, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHANISTAN MYSTERY - WHERE IS LEADER? - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "AFGHANISTAN MYSTERY: WHERE IS LEADER?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509766578674316, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHANISTAN MYSTERY - WHERE IS LEADER? - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "According to reports from Afghanistan, Mr. Karmal went to the Soviet Union on March 30, though his reasons for making such a trip were not specified. The Russians have never reported his presence, suggesting that he may have come for medical treatment or other personal reasons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.917252540588379, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHANISTAN MYSTERY - WHERE IS LEADER? - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "''Dissatisfaction with what has been done, sharp criticism of failings which have hindered the revolutionary process in Afghanistan, could be seen in the decisions taken last autumn by the Revolutionary Council,'' Pravda said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11009407043457, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHANISTAN MYSTERY - WHERE IS LEADER? - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The resignation was not altogether unexpected. Mr. Karmal had not been seen in public since he left Afghanistan on a little-publicized trip to the Soviet Union on March 30, from which he returned only last Thursday, having missed the celebration April 27 of the 1978 Afghan revolution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.977425575256348, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHAN LEADER QUITS TOP POST, MOSCOW REPORTS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The report said Mr. Karmal resigned as General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, the name for the Afghan Communist party.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.895124435424805, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHAN LEADER QUITS TOP POST, MOSCOW REPORTS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Western diplomats said Moscow may have hoped to present in Mr. Najibullah a leader less directly associated in the public eye with the Soviet move into Afghanistan than Mr. Karmal, and more capable of tackling the rivalries in the ruling People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. Speaks of Need for Unity", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.51837158203125, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHAN LEADER QUITS TOP POST, MOSCOW REPORTS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The State Department says 120,000 Soviet troops are in Afghanistan supporting the Kabul Government in its fight against insurgents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22746467590332, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHAN LEADER QUITS TOP POST, MOSCOW REPORTS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The change of command was announced on the eve of a new round of indirect talks in Geneva between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The ''proximity talks'' have been held occasionally since 1982 with the mediation of the United Nations, because Pakistan has refused to deal directly with a representative of the Kabul Government, which it does not recognize.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.288604736328125, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHAN LEADER QUITS TOP POST, MOSCOW REPORTS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "He said the Russians had agreed with the Afghans on a schedule for a phased withdrawal ''as soon as a political settlement is reached that will insure an actual cessation and dependably guarantee the nonresumption of foreign armed interference in the internal affairs'' of Afghanistan. A Party Divided", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.171407699584961, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHAN LEADER QUITS TOP POST, MOSCOW REPORTS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "''We will not attach undue importance to the changeover in leadership in Kabul,'' a State Department spokesman, Anita Stockman, read from a statement. ''The identities of those who hold leadership positions are of less significance than the continued presence of 120,000 Soviet troops in Afghanistan.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290477752685547, "source": "search", "title": "AFGHAN LEADER QUITS TOP POST, MOSCOW REPORTS - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Immediately after the April 1978 coup d'état in which the People's Democratic Party came to power, Keshtmand became the minister of planning in the newly formed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.488148212432861, "source": "search", "title": "Sultan Ali Keshtmand - Sensagent.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "He then left Afghanistan, first moving to Russia and then to England . There he became an outspoken defender of the rights of Hazaras and other minorities, claiming that the Pashtun majority in Afghanistan had had too much power in all of Afghanistan's regimes, past and present. After the communist Saur Revolution , which toppled Daud Khan's first Afghan Republic , he reportedly said, \"Brothers, today the five long centuries of Pashtun political domination has come to an end.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75815200805664, "source": "search", "title": "Sultan Ali Keshtmand - Sensagent.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Famous People of Afghanistan | Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.52441692352295, "source": "search", "title": "Famous People of Afghanistan - scribd.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Famous People of Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.506303787231445, "source": "search", "title": "Famous People of Afghanistan - scribd.com" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Kamari, Kabul Province, Kingdom of Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.301374435424805, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.486710548400879, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "These policy failures, and the stalemate that ensued after the Soviet intervention, led the Soviet leadership to become highly critical of Karmal's leadership. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union deposed Karmal and replaced him with Mohammad Najibullah. Following his loss of power, he was again exiled, this time to Moscow. He was allowed to return to Afghanistan in 1991 by the Najibullah government. Back in Afghanistan he became an associate of Abdul Rashid Dostum, and helped remove the Najibullah government from power. Not long after, in 1996, Karmal died from liver cancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.825264930725098, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "History of Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382946014404297, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Amin was informed of the Soviet decision to intervene in Afghanistan and was initially supportive, but was assassinated. Under the command of the Soviets, Karmal ascended to power. On 27 December 1979 Radio Kabul broadcast Karmal's pre-recorded speech to the Afghan people, saying: \"Today the torture machine of Amin has been smashed, his accomplices – the primitive executioners, usurpers and murderers of tens of thousand of our fellow countrymen – fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, sons and daughters, children and old people ...\" Karmal was not in Kabul when the speech was broadcast; he was in Bagram, protected by the KGB.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.613275527954102, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal's three most important promises were the general amnesty of prisoners, the promulgation of the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the adoption of a new flag containing the traditional black, red and green (the flag of Taraki and Amin was red). His government granted concessions to religious leaders and the restoration of confiscated property. Some property, which was confiscated during earlier land reforms, was also partially restored. All these measures, with the exception of the general amnesty of prisoners, were introduced gradually. Of 2,700 prisoners, 2,600 were released from prison; 600 of these were Parchamites. The general amnesty was greatly publicized by the government. While the event was hailed with enthusiasm by some, many others greeted the event with disdain, since their loved ones or associates had died during earlier purges. Amin had planned to introduce a general amnesty on 1 January 1980, to coincide with the PDPA's sixteenth anniversary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.712267875671387, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Further information: Soviet war in Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416739463806152, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "During the civil war and the ensuing Soviet war in Afghanistan, most of the country's infrastructure was destroyed. Normal patterns of economic activity were disrupted. The Gross national product (GNP) fell substantially during Karmal's rule because of the conflict; trade and transport was disrupted with loss of labor and capital. In 1981 the Afghan GDP stood at 154.3 billion Afghan afghanis, a drop from 159.7 billion in 1978. GNP per capita decreased from 7,370 in 1978 to 6,852 in 1981. The dominant form of economic activity was in the agricultural sector. Agriculture accounted for 63 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1981; 56 percent of the labor force was working in agriculture in 1982. Industry accounted for 21 percent of GDP in 1982, and employed 10 percent of the labor force. All industrial enterprises were government-owned. The service sector, the smallest of the three, accounted for 10 percent of GDP in 1981, and employed an estimated one-third of the labour force. The balance of payments, which had grown in the pre-communist administration of Muhammad Daoud Khan, decreased, turning negative by 1982 at 70.3 million $US. The only economic activity which grew substantially during Karmal's rule was export and import.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.5870442390441895, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "\"We do not object to the questions connected with Afghanistan being discussed in conjunction with the question of security in the Persian Gulf. Naturally here on only the international aspects of the Afghan problem can be discussed, not internal Afghan affairs. The sovereignty of Afghanistan must be fully protected, as must its nonaligned status.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.327763557434082, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The stance of the Pakistani government was clear, demanding complete Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the establishment of a non-PDPA government. Karmal, summarizing his discussions with Iran and Pakistan, said \"Iran and Pakistan have so far not opted for concrete and constructive positions.\" During Karmal's rule Afghan–Pakistani relations remained hostile; the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan was the catalyst for the hostile relationship. The increasing numbers of Afghan refugees in Pakistan challenged the PDPA's legitimacy to rule.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.964616775512695, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Soviet Union threatened in 1985 that it would support the Baloch separatist movement in Pakistan if the Pakistani government continued to aid the mujahideen in Afghanistan. Karmal, problematically for the Soviets, did not want a Soviet withdrawal, and he hampered attempts to improve relations with Pakistan since the Pakistani government had refused to recognise the PDPA government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.612650394439697, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "For unknown reasons, Karmal was invited back to Kabul by Najibullah, and \"for equally obscure reasons Karmal accepted.\" If Najibullah's plan was to strengthen his position within the Watan Party of Afghanistan (the renamed PDPA) by appeasing the pro-Karmal Parchamites, he failed. Karmal's apartment became a center for opposition to Najibullah's government. When Najibullah was toppled in 1992, Karmal became the most powerful politician in Kabul through leadership of the Parcham. However, his negotiations with the rebels collapsed quickly, and on 16 April 1992 the rebels, led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, took Kabul. After the fall of Najibullah's government, Karmal was based in Hairatan. There, it is alleged, Karmal used most of his time either trying to establish a new party, or advising people to join the National Islamic Movement (NIM). Abdul Rashid Dostum, the leader of NIM, was a supporter of Karmal during his rule. It is unknown how much control Karmal had over Dostum, but there is little evidence that Karmal was in any commanding position. Karmal's influence over Dostum appeared indirect – some of his former associates supported Dostum. Those who spoke with Karmal during this period noted his lack of interest in politics. In June 1992 it was reported that he had died in a plane crash along with Dostum, although these reports later proved to be false. In early December 1996, Karmal died in Moscow's Central Clinical Hospital from liver cancer. The date of his death was reported by some sources as 1 December and by others as 3 December. The Taliban summed up his rule as follows:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.719985008239746, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal - Razor Robotics" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "These policy failures, and the stalemate that ensued after the Soviet intervention, led the Soviet leadership to become highly critical of Karmal's leadership. Under Mikhail Gorbachev , the Soviet Union was able to depose Karmal and replace him with Mohammad Najibullah . Following his loss of power, he was exiled to Moscow . He was allowed to return to Afghanistan in 1991 by the Najibullah government for unknown reasons. Back in Afghanistan he helped topple the Najibullah government, and he became an associate of Abdul Rashid Dostum , one of the men who brought down the communist government. Not long after, in 1996, Karmal died from liver cancer .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.485757350921631, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On 27 June, three months after the Saur Revolution , Amin outmaneuvered the Parchamites at a Central Committee meeting; [27] the meeting decided to give the Khalqists exclusive right over formulating and deciding policy. [28] A purge against the Parchamites was initiated by Amin, supported by Taraki on 1 July. Karmal, fearing for his safety, went into hiding in one of his Soviet friends' homes. Karmal tried to contact Alexander Puzanov , the Soviet ambassador to Afghanistan , to talk about the situation, but Puzanov refused. After hours of thinking about what he should do, Puzanov informed Amin about Karmal's whereabouts. It should be noted that the Soviets probably saved Karmal's life by sending him to the Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia . [29] Karmal was exiled, but was able to establish a network with the remaining Parchamites in government. A coup to overthrow Amin was planned for September that year. Its leading members in Afghanistan were Qadir and the Army Chief of Staff General Shahpur Ahmedzai . The coup was planned to be initiated on 4 September, on the Festival of Eid, because of the relaxed atmosphere. The conspiracy failed when the Afghan ambassador to India told the Afghan leadership about the plan. A purge was initiated, and Parchamite ambassadors were recalled. But few returned to Afghanistan; for instance Karmal and Mohammad Najibullah stayed in their respective countries. [28]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.093234539031982, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Amin was informed of the Soviet decision to intervene in Afghanistan , and supported the intervention, [30] but his assassination shortly afterwards, under the command of the Soviets, led to Karmal's ascension to power. [31] On 27 December Radio Kabul broadcast Karmal's pre-recorded speech, which stated", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.358403205871582, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal's three most important promises were the general amnesty of prisoners, the promulgation of the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the adoption of a new flag based on the traditional colours of black, red and green (the flag of Taraki and Amin was red). His government granted concessions to religious leaders and the restoration of confiscated property. Some property, which was confiscated during earlier land reforms, was also partially restored. All these measures, with the exception of the general amnesty of prisoners, were introduced gradually. Of 2,700 prisoners, 2,600 were released from prison; 600 of these were Parchamites. The general amnesty was greatly publicised by the government. While the event was hailed with enthusiasm by some, many others greeted the event with disdain, since their loved ones or associates had died during earlier purges. Amin had planned to introduce a general amnesty on 1 January 1980, to coincide with the PDPA's sixteenth anniversary. [36]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.514131546020508, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "During the civil war, and the ensuing Soviet war in Afghanistan , most of the country's infrastructure was destroyed, and normal patterns of economic activity were disrupted. [56] The Gross national product (GNP) fell substantially during Karmal's rule because of the conflict; trade and transport was disrupted along with the loss of labor and capital. In 1981 the Afghan GDP stood at 154.3 billion Afghan afghanis , a drop from 159.7 billion in 1978. GNP per capita decreased from 7,370 in 1978 to 6,852 in 1981. The dominant form of economic activity was the agricultural sector . Agriculture accounted for 63 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1981; 56 percent of the labour force was working in agriculture in 1982. Industry accounted for 21 percent of GDP in 1982, and employed 10 percent of the labour force. All industrial enterprises were government-owned . The service sector, the smallest of the three, accounted for 10 percent of GDP in 1981, and employed an estimated one-third of the labour force. The balance of payments , which had grown in the pre-communist administration of Muhammad Daoud Khan decreased, and turned negative by 1982 and reached minus $US70.3 million. The only economic activity which grew substantially during Karmal's rule was export and import . [57]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.926645755767822, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "\"We do not object to the questions connected with Afghanistan being discussed in conjunction with the question of security in the Persian Gulf . Naturally here on only the international aspects of the Afghan problem can be discussed, not internal Afghan affairs. The sovereignty of Afghanistan must be fully protected, as must its nonaligned status.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.327763557434082, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The stance of the Pakistani government was clear: complete Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the establishment of a non-PDPA government. Karmal, summarising his discussions with Iran and Pakistan, said \"Iran and Pakistan have so far not opted for concrete and constructive positions.\" [61] During Karmal's rule Afghan–Pakistani relations remained hostile; the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan was the catalyst for the hostile relationship. The increasing numbers of Afghan refugees in Pakistan challenged the PDPA's legitimacy to rule. [62]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.972253799438477, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Mikhail Gorbachev , then General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , said, \"The main reason that there has been no national consolidation so far is that Comrade Karmal is hoping to continue sitting in Kabul with our help.\" [65] It didn't help Karmal that the Soviet government blamed him for the failures in Afghanistan. Gorbachev was worried over the situation in Afghanistan, and the told the Soviet Politburo \"If we don't change approaches [to evacuate Afghanistan], we will be fighting there for another 20 or 30 years.\" [66] Its not clear when the Soviet leadership began to campaign for Karmal's dismissal, but its noteworthy that Andrei Gromyko discussed the possibility of Karmal's resignation with Javier Pérez de Cuéllar , the Secretary-General of the United Nations , in 1982. While it was Gorbachev who would dismiss Karmal, there may have been a consensus within the Soviet leadership in 1983 already that Karmal should resign. Gorbachev's own plan was to replace Karmal with Mohammad Najibullah , who had joined the PDPA at its creation. [67] Najibullah was thought highly of by Yuri Andropov , Boris Ponomarev and Dmitriy Ustinov , and negotiations for his succession may have started in 1983. Najibullah was not the Soviet leadership's only choice for Karmal's succession; a GRU reported noted that the majority of the PDPA leadership would support Assadullah Sarwari 's ascension to leadership. According to the GRU, Sarwari was a better candidate because he could balance between the Pashtuns, Tajiks and Uzbeks among others, in contrast to Najibullah who was a Pashtun nationalist. Another viable candidate was Abdul Qadir Dagarwal , who had been a participant in the Saur Revolution . [68]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.363608360290527, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Karmal still had support in the party, and began a campaign to weaken Najibullah's position within the party. He even spread rumours that he would be reappointed PDPA General Secretary. Karmal's power base was the KHAD , the Afghan equivalent to the KGB. [70] Considering the fact that the Soviet Union had supported Karmal for over six years, the Soviet leadership wanted to ease him out of power gradually. Yuli Vorontsov , the Soviet ambassador to Afghanistan , was ordered to tell Najibullah that he should slowly ease Karmal out of power. Najibullah began complaining to the Soviet leadership that Karmal used most of his spare time looking for errors and \"speaking against the National Reconciliation [programme]\". [71] At a meeting of the Soviet Politburo on 13 November it was decided that Najibullah should remove Karmal; this motion was supported by Gromyko, Vorontsov Eduard Shevardnadze , Anatoly Dobrynin and Viktor Chebrikov . A meeting in the PDPA in November relieved Karmal of his Revolutionary Council chairmanship, and he was exiled to Moscow where he was given a state-owned apartment and a dacha . [71] In his position as Revolutionary Council chairman Karmal was succeeded by Haji Mohammad Chamkani , who was not a member of the PDPA. [72]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.929162979125977, "source": "search", "title": "Babrak Karmal : definition of Babrak Karmal and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19 :: Kabul Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.041091918945312, "source": "search", "title": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904571533203125, "source": "search", "title": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904571533203125, "source": "search", "title": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904571533203125, "source": "search", "title": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904571533203125, "source": "search", "title": "Kabul New Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), 1982-12-19" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "Head is a 1968 American adventure musical satirical film written by Jack Nicholson and Bob Rafelson, directed by Rafelson, starring television rock group The Monkees (Davy Jones, Micky Dolenz, Peter Tork and Michael Nesmith), and distributed by Columbia Pictures.", "precise_score": 3.2468979358673096, "rough_score": -5.532024383544922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "A poor audience response at an August 1968 screening in Los Angeles eventually forced the producers to edit the picture down from its original 110-minute length. The 86-minute Head premiered in New York City on November 6, 1968; the film later debuted in Hollywood on November 20. It was not a commercial success. This was in part because Head, being an antithesis of The Monkees sitcom, comprehensively demolished the group's carefully groomed public image, while the older, hipper counterculture audience they had been reaching for rejected the Monkees' efforts out of hand.", "precise_score": 0.6936582326889038, "rough_score": -6.918018817901611, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "Receiving mixed critical reviews and virtually non-existent box office receipts, the film succeeded in alienating the band's teenage fanbase while failing to attract the more adult audience for which they had strived. Heads abysmal reception instantly halted studio plans for any further films with the Monkees. It also corresponded with a steep drop in the group's popularity as recording artists; the Head soundtrack peaked at No. 45 on the U.S. chart, the first time any Monkees album had not risen to the Top 5. \"Porpoise Song (Theme from Head)\" was also the first single to not make the Top 40.", "precise_score": 2.1604228019714355, "rough_score": -6.78811502456665, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "While the film's music disappointed fans of the band's more traditional pop sound, it features what some critics considered to be some of the Monkees' best recorded work, including contributions by Carole King and Harry Nilsson. Jack Nicholson compiled the soundtrack album, which approximates the flow of the movie and includes large portions of the dialogue. The film's incidental music was composed and conducted by Ken Thorne, who also composed and conducted the incidental music to the Beatles' second film, Help! The film's most famous song, \"Porpoise Song (Theme from Head)\", appeared at the film's start and finish and left viewers feeling they were watching something dreamlike: even the editing of the bridge scene and the slow motion was almost meant to feel like a dream. Bright color filters heighten the visual effect and dreamlike touch of the passages, which include mermaids rescuing member Micky Dolenz in the film's start. It was a psychedelic touch — recalling some visual and musical elements used for the Beatles' television film Magical Mystery Tour and their animated feature film Yellow Submarine — and was directed by George Dunning.", "precise_score": -1.7821834087371826, "rough_score": -5.762147426605225, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "Andrew Sandoval, author of The Monkees: The Day-By-Day Story of the 60s TV Pop Sensation, commented that, \"It has some of their best songs on it and . . . the movie's musical performances are some of the most cohesive moments in the film.\"", "precise_score": -4.948424339294434, "rough_score": -5.739048957824707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "During production, one of the working titles for the film was Changes, which was later the name of an unrelated album by the Monkees. Another working title was Untitled. A rough cut of the film was previewed for audiences in Los Angeles in the summer of 1968 under the name Movee Untitled.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.972260475158691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "Head begins at the dedication of a bridge. A politician, the mayor, is trying to offer a dedicatory speech but is impeded by recurring barrages of microphone feedback. As he is about to cut the red ribbon and open the bridge, the Monkees interrupt the ceremony by running, as if in a panic, through the assembled officials as horns and sirens blare. The rest of the film consists of a series of non-linear vignettes highlighting the unpleasant aspects of being public figures. The film offers conflict and resolution, but is essentially plotless; as a chant by the Monkees early in the film relates: \"We hope you like our story/Although there isn't one/That is to say, there's many/That way, there is more fun!\" Head is a stream of consciousness stringing-together of musical numbers, satires of film genres, psychedelic cinematography, and references to then-topical issues such as the Vietnam War and drugs. The action includes recurring scenes, such as the group being trapped in a black box, a desert location, and a gigantic Victor Mature.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.377476692199707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "Trailers summarized it as a \"most extraordinary adventure, western, comedy, love story, mystery, drama, musical, documentary satire ever made (And that's putting it mildly).\" There were no pictures of the Monkees on the original poster; only a picture of John Brockman, who did the PR for the film. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.562217712402344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "The storylines and peak moments of the film came from a weekend visit to an Ojai, California resort where the Monkees, Rafelson, and Nicholson brainstormed into a tape recorder, reportedly with the aid of a quantity of marijuana. Jack Nicholson then took the tapes and used them as the basis for his screenplay which (according to Rafelson) he structured while under the influence of LSD. When the band learned that they would not be allowed to direct themselves or to receive screenwriting credit, Dolenz, Jones, and Nesmith staged a one-day walkout, leaving Tork the only Monkee on the set the first day. The strike ended after the first day when, to mollify the Monkees, the studio agreed to a larger percentage share of the film's net for the group. But the incident damaged the Monkees' relationship with Rafelson and Bert Schneider, and would effectively end their professional relationship together.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.48176383972168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "Hey, hey, we are The Monkees", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280653953552246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "Hey, hey, we are The Monkees", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280653953552246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "In her scathing review, Renata Adler of The New York Times commented: Head \"might be a film to see if you have been smoking grass, or if you like to scream at The Monkees, or if you are interested in what interests drifting heads and hysterical high-school girls.\" She added that the group \"are most interesting for their lack of similarity to The Beatles. Going through ersatz Beatle songs, and jokes and motions, their complete lack of distinction of any kind...makes their performance modest and almost brave.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.009498596191406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "Daily Variety was also harsh, stating that \"Head is an extension of the ridiculous nonsense served up on the Screen Gems vidseries that manufactured The Monkees and lasted two full seasons following the same format and, ostensibly, appealing to the same kind of audience.\" But the review applauded Rafelson and Nicholson, saying that they \"were wise not to attempt a firm storyline as The Monkees have established themselves in the art of the non-sequitur and outrageous action. Giving them material they can handle is good thinking; asking them to achieve something more might have been a disaster.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.95150375366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "When asked by Rolling Stone magazine in March 2012 if he thought making Head was a mistake, Nesmith responded by saying that \"by the time Head came out the Monkees were a pariah. There was no confusion about this. We were on the cosine of the line of approbation, from acceptance to rejection . . . and it was basically over. Head was a swan song. We wrote it with Jack and Bob . . .and we liked it. It was an authentic representation of a phenomenon we were a part of that was winding down. It was very far from suicide—even though it may have looked like that. There were some people in power, and not a few critics, who thought there was another decision that could have been made. But I believe the movie was an inevitability—there was no other movie to be made that would not have been ghastly under the circumstances.\" A decade earlier, in his commentary for the television series episode \"Fairy Tale,\" Nesmith called the film the \"murder\" of the Monkees, an intentional move by Schneider and Rafelson, who had their eyes on bigger goals and felt the Monkees project was holding them back.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.677799224853516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "In \"Straight Outta Cullompton\" author Adam Foley wrote more glowingly, \"Julian [Hewings]: 'I was watching \"Head\", the Monkees film, and there's a bit at the beginning when Mickey Dolenz falls from Golden Gate bridge and he's got a pair of slightly flared boot cut jean cords on with a pair of (Adidas) Gazelles, probably the first ones that ever came out and this stripy t-shirt and I thought \"Wow, that's what I remember when I was a kid - that's what everyone used to wear when they went to school.\" I just thought \"Wow. Yeah. That's really speaking to me there and I got the others together\" and went \"Have a look at this, we're going to go out and find these clothes and that's what we're going to wear\". The look came first before the music'\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.044717788696289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "On November 19, 2014, the film was screened in the UK for the first time outside London, as part of the Leeds International Film Festival, and introduced by Dr. Peter Mills of Leeds Beckett University, author of a book about The Monkees in which the film features strongly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85621166229248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "The music of The Monkees often featured rather dark subject matter beneath a superficially bright, uplifting sound. The music of the film takes the darkness and occasional satirical elements of the Monkees' earlier tunes and makes it far more overt, as in \"Ditty Diego – War Chant\", or \"Daddy's Song\", which has Jones singing an upbeat, Broadway-style number about a boy abandoned by his father. In his 2012 essay on the soundtrack album, academic Peter Mills noted that 'on this album the songs are only part of the story, as they were with The Monkees project as a whole : signals, sounds, and ideas interfere with each other throughout.'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.499300003051758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "Monkees", "passage": "* December 14, 2010: Criterion DVD,[http://monkeesfilmtv.tripod.com/movie.html monkeesfilmtv.tripod.com/movie] as part of the America Lost and Found: The BBS Story box set", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.087090492248535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "*April 29, 2016: The Monkees – Complete TV Series Blu-ray http://monkeesstore.warnermusic.com/", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29110050201416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Head (film)" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "15 The Monkees", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36324691772461, "source": "search", "title": "Best Bands of the 60s - Top Ten List - TheTopTens®" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "You gotta be kidding me! The Monkees over the Kinks! The Monkees over CREAM! Who did the Monkees influence? The Kinks put a bit of a hard edge to catchy pop songs and Cream more or less laid the groundwork for hard rock and metal, for good or bad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.080520629882812, "source": "search", "title": "Best Bands of the 60s - Top Ten List - TheTopTens®" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "The Monkees should be in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Corporate greed ruined their image.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22352409362793, "source": "search", "title": "Best Bands of the 60s - Top Ten List - TheTopTens®" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "David took his last name from the Bowie knife (\"that big old bear killin' knife\"). His given name is 'David Jones', but he didn't want to be confused with Davy Jones of the Monkees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277010917663574, "source": "search", "title": "- rock band name origins - classicbands.com_" }, { "answer": "The Monkees", "passage": "THE MONKEES - ClassicBands.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32626724243164, "source": "search", "title": "- rock band name origins - classicbands.com_" } ]

[ { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Johanna \"Anne\" Mansfield Sullivan Macy (April 14, 1866 – October 20, 1936), better known as Anne Sullivan, was an American teacher, best known for being the instructor and lifelong companion of Helen Keller.Herrmann, Dorothy. Helen Keller: A Life, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1998, p. 35; ISBN 0-679-44354-1 At the age of five, she contracted trachoma, a highly contagious eye disease, which left her blind and without reading or writing skills. She received her education as a student of the Perkins School for the Blind where upon graduation she became a teacher to Keller when she was 20.", "precise_score": 5.748459339141846, "rough_score": 5.376363277435303, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anne Sullivan" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "She lost most of her eyesight at age twenty, which made it easy for her to relate to her famous pupil, Helen Keller .", "precise_score": -0.42411890625953674, "rough_score": -2.496140718460083, "source": "search", "title": "Anne Sullivan - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "For Anne Sullivan, education was a way to escape blindness and grief. It was her background and schooling that provided the tools she needed to engage one of history’s most famous students. Perhaps no woman, no teacher, has ever done a better job of reaching a pupil than Anne Sullivan. Because of her skills and determination, Anne Sullivan and her student Helen Keller are forever linked in history.", "precise_score": 7.873473644256592, "rough_score": 8.441298484802246, "source": "search", "title": "Women's History Month: Anne Sullivan's Impact on Education" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Eventually, Annie Sullivan's pupil, Helen Keller, went to Radcliffe College and graduated cum laude, fulfilling a dream shared by herself and Sullivan. Helen Keller published her first book in 1902 entitled, The Story of My Life, which was edited by John Macy.", "precise_score": 4.203732013702393, "rough_score": -0.8605149388313293, "source": "search", "title": "The My Hero Project - Annie Mansfield Sullivan Macy" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Helen Keller was, for a time, the most famous handicapped person in the world. A severe fever at age 19 months left Keller blind and deaf and barely able to communicate. At age six Keller met Anne Sullivan (later Anne Sullivan Macy), the tutor who taught Keller the alphabet and thereby opened up the world to her. Keller became an excellent student and eventually attended Radcliffe College, where she graduated with honors in 1904. While at Radcliffe she wrote an autobiography, The Story of My Life (1902), which made her famous. (Her many later books included The World I Live In (1908), Out of the Dark (1913), and 1938’s Helen Keller’s Journal.) In later life Keller became an activist and lecturer, sometimes in support of the blind and deaf, and sometimes for causes including Socialism and women’s rights. She also founded and promoted the American Foundation for the Blind. During her lifetime Keller was regarded as one of America’s most inspirational figures.", "precise_score": 5.138128757476807, "rough_score": 4.747754096984863, "source": "search", "title": "Helen Keller biography | birthday, trivia | American ..." }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Helen Keller was, for a time, the most famous handicapped person in the world. A severe fever at age 19 months left Keller blind and deaf and barely able to communicate. At age six Keller met Anne Sullivan (later Anne Sullivan Macy), the tutor who taught Keller the alphabet and thereby opened up the world to her. Keller became an excellent student and eventually attended Radcliffe College, where she graduated with honors in 1904. While at Radcliffe she wrote an autobiography, The Story of My Life (1902), which made her famous. (Her many later books included The World I Live In (1908), Out of the Dark (1913), and 1938’s Helen Keller’s Journal.) In later life Keller became an activist and lecturer, sometimes in support of the blind and deaf, and sometimes for causes including Socialism and women’s rights. She also founded and promoted the American Foundation for the Blind. During her lifetime Keller was regarded as one of America’s most inspirational figures.", "precise_score": 5.138128757476807, "rough_score": 4.747754096984863, "source": "search", "title": "Helen Keller biography | birthday, trivia | American ..." }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Mrs. Anne Mansfield Sullivan Macy, who for nearly fifty years was the kindly, patient and brilliant teacher of Miss Helen Keller, noted blind and deaf woman, died yesterday at their home, 71-11 Seminole Avenue, Forest Hills, Queens. She had been suffering from a heart ailment, which became acute early this Summer. Mrs. Macy was 70 years old.", "precise_score": 3.3577020168304443, "rough_score": -3.723421812057495, "source": "search", "title": "Mrs. Macy Is Dead; Aided Miss Keller - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "The story of Helen Keller and Annie Sullivan is, by now, world famous. This March, yet another generation of theatergoers will flock to see a new Broadway production of The Miracle Worker, the William Gibson play that was adapted into an award-winning film in 1962, starring Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke.", "precise_score": -0.813309907913208, "rough_score": -3.2149269580841064, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Teacher who famously broke through to Helen Keller and taught her how to read and write.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234030723571777, "source": "search", "title": "Anne Sullivan - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Being able to reach a deaf and blind six-year-old girl when she herself was only 20 was just the start of Sullivan’s impact on education. Let’s take a look back on Anne Sullivan’s life, her relationship with Helen Keller, and her lasting impact on education.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.677887439727783, "source": "search", "title": "Women's History Month: Anne Sullivan's Impact on Education" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Sullivan and Helen Keller", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.661585807800293, "source": "search", "title": "Women's History Month: Anne Sullivan's Impact on Education" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Annie Mansfield Sullivan Macy was a woman who accomplished a great deal, especially as the outstanding teacher of Helen Keller. She is sometimes overlooked, however, as people only remember the student and think nothing of the amazing teacher who opened the door to Keller's life. In my opinion, though, Annie Sullivan's part was just as difficult, if not more difficult, than Helen Keller's job as a learner. If not for Sullivan, Keller's life would have never truly started.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.198293685913086, "source": "search", "title": "The My Hero Project - Annie Mansfield Sullivan Macy" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Sullivan was born on April 14, 1866, to a poor family. Her father had a bad temper and her mother was dying from tuberculosis. She had two siblings--Mary, a healthy baby, and Jimmie, who had a tubercular hip. Sadly, when her mother died, her two siblings were sent away to relatives and Annie stayed home to care for her father. After awhile, those relatives could not handle Jimmie, and Annie could no longer take care of her father. The two children were sent to the county poorhouse in Tewksbury, Massachusetts. There, her brother Jimmie died. This loss would linger with Sullivan until she met Helen Keller.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.734931945800781, "source": "search", "title": "The My Hero Project - Annie Mansfield Sullivan Macy" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Macy later married Annie Sullivan. Unfortunately, the marriage did not last. Money was a concern, so both Sullivan and Keller traveled to Hollywood to film a movie loosely based on their lives. The movie, called Deliverance, was a flop. This did not discourage them from trying to make a living in the entertainment field. They found that they were natural \"hams\" and even performed in vaudeville shows! Through their work, they raised two million dollars for the blind through the Helen Keller Endowment Fund. Sullivan did start to receive recognition for her amazing instructional skills and, at long last (in 1993), a writer named Nella Braddy published a biography about her entitled, Anne Sullivan Macy: The Story Behind Helen Keller.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.615407466888428, "source": "search", "title": "The My Hero Project - Annie Mansfield Sullivan Macy" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Helen Keller biography | birthday, trivia | American Activist | Who2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44602108001709, "source": "search", "title": "Helen Keller biography | birthday, trivia | American ..." }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Helen Keller Biography", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410704612731934, "source": "search", "title": "Helen Keller biography | birthday, trivia | American ..." }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Anne Sullivan Macy overcame a traumatic childhood to become a model for others who are disadvantaged by their physical disability, gender, or class. Her work with Helen Keller pioneered what is used today to educate blind, deaf-blind, and visually impaired children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.032975196838379, "source": "search", "title": "Anne Sullivan - U-S-History.com" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "After regaining her eyesight from a series of operations, and graduating as class valedictorian in 1886, Sullivan was offered the position of her life: to be Helen Keller's teacher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.060487747192383, "source": "search", "title": "Anne Sullivan - U-S-History.com" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "By 1922 Sullivan's eyesight began to fail and her health was poor. She had to quit performing. In 1929, her right eye was removed. She traveled to the Adirondacks to convalesce, accompanied by Keller and their secretary, Polly Thompson. Toward the end of her life she received recognition from Temple University, Educational Institute of Scotland, and Roosevelt Memorial Foundation, for her tireless commitment to Helen Keller.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.984164237976074, "source": "search", "title": "Anne Sullivan - U-S-History.com" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Sullivan's ashes were laid to rest in the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. She was the first woman to be given the honor on her own merits. When Helen Keller died in 1968, her remains were cremated and laid to rest next to her lifelong teacher and companion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.84251594543457, "source": "search", "title": "Anne Sullivan - U-S-History.com" }, { "answer": "Polly Thompson", "passage": "Miss Polly Thompson, Miss Keller's secretary, said yesterday that Miss Keller was \"bearing up magnificently\" under her loss. During the last week Miss Keller was almost constantly at Mrs. Macy's side. Mrs. Macy was in a coma from Thursday until she died. On Wednesday she said: \"Oh, Helen and Polly, my children, I pray God will unite us in His love.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018293380737305, "source": "search", "title": "Mrs. Macy Is Dead; Aided Miss Keller - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "\"The 'blind leading the blind' will henceforth have a new meaning wherever the story of Anne Sullivan and Helen Keller is known. They who have been exiled from the light have been able to demonstrate the power of the mind to overcome limitation.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.671331405639648, "source": "search", "title": "Mrs. Macy Is Dead; Aided Miss Keller - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Mrs. Macy was 21 years old when she met Helen Keller. Born in Feeding Hills, near Springfield, Mass., on April 14, 1866, the daughter of Irish immigrants, John and Mary Mansfield Sullivan, Mrs. Macy suffered the loss of her mother when a young child. For a year or two she was supported by poor relatives, but at the age of 10 she was sent to the State Infirmary, Tewksbury, Mass.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53320026397705, "source": "search", "title": "Mrs. Macy Is Dead; Aided Miss Keller - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Not long after her graduation Helen Keller's father wrote to the institution asking for help for her. Miss Sullivan was chosen to be her teacher and, after familiarizing herself with the details of her new work, went to Helen's home in Tuscumbia, Ala.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.590498924255371, "source": "search", "title": "Mrs. Macy Is Dead; Aided Miss Keller - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.484039306640625, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.393177032470703, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Helen Keller and Annie Sullivan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.005895614624023, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "The extraordinary story of Annie Sullivan and Helen Keller, including little-known facts about a trip they made to Ireland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.009442329406738, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Such a vivid description suggests an eye for art and an ear for poetry.  So it may be surprising to learn that the author of this ode to Irish beauty was none other than Helen Keller, who lived her famous life both deaf and blind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104045867919922, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Thus, if Annie Sullivan’s triumph with Helen Keller represents the bright side of the Irish-American experience – the faith in hard work, education and advancement – there is also a much darker side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.107686996459961, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "But there is another side to the Annie Sullivan and Helen Keller saga, a side in which the Irish immigrant experience is central.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.286516189575195, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "What happened to Annie Sullivan’s Irish immigrant parents? How did young Annie Sullivan emerge from this dark Irish odyssey to become one of the world’s most famous and inspirational women?  What ultimately did Annie feel about Ireland and her Irish roots, and what role did they play when it came to her famous breakthrough with Helen Keller?  Finally, how does Ireland today remember Annie Sullivan?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.008431434631348, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Helen Keller, meanwhile, was born in southern United States in 1880, to a family with strong ties to the former Confederacy. Keller’s mother was a cousin of General Robert E. Lee, while her father was a Confederate officer.  Keller was not born deaf and blind. When she was nineteen months old, she became severely ill with what was most likely meningitis or scarlet fever. Keller not only lost her sight and hearing, she also became a violent, uncontrollable child.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.731668472290039, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Like Helen Keller, Sullivan was a difficult student. She, too, suffered from severe eye problems, which nearly blinded her. Nevertheless, after living in an orphanage with her brother, Jimmie (who was born with tuberculosis and died young), Sullivan excelled at Perkins, graduating at the top of her class.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.166588306427002, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "This March, another New York-born Irish American, Abigail Breslin, will play Helen Keller on Broadway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36637020111084, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" }, { "answer": "Helen Keller", "passage": "Over a century after she rescued Helen Keller from a life of emptiness, Annie Sullivan is still performing miracles. Twenty years ago, The Annie Sullivan Foundation for Deaf/Blind People was founded in Dublin. Organizers chose the name, in part, because Annie and her great works were “almost unknown” in Ireland. Today, visitors to the Stillorgan-based foundation’s center can see Annie Sullivan’s legacy in action.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.454693794250488, "source": "search", "title": "Miracle Worker: Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan | Irish America" } ]

[ { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "This year, joining a prestigious list of honorees including former Mayors Larry Stamper and Bill Wiggins, former Police Chief David Newsham, Fire Chief Mike Davis, actress Debbie Reynolds, who served as Miss Burbank in 1948, and actor Joe Mantegna, who owns Taste Chicago restaurant, the Kiwanis Club honored \"Jeopardy!\" host Alex Trebek.", "precise_score": 7.72612190246582, "rough_score": 6.198380947113037, "source": "search", "title": "On the Town: Kiwanians honor Trebek at annual gala ..." }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "Leading lady of 1950s and '60s musicals and comedies. Debbie Reynolds was born Mary Frances Reynolds in El Paso, Texas on April 1, 1932. The family moved to Burbank, California around 1940. When Debbie was sixteen years old, she entered the Miss Burbank beauty contest and won the title of \"Miss Burbank of 1948.\" Warner Brothers immediately put her on contract. It was Jack Warner who gave her the name \"Debbie.\"", "precise_score": 6.789188385009766, "rough_score": 7.550991535186768, "source": "search", "title": "Class Act Featured Actress: Debbie Reynolds" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "At the peak of her career, actress Debbie Reynolds was America's sweetheart, the archetypal girl next door; best remembered for her work in Hollywood musicals, she appeared in the genre's defining moment, Singin' in the Rain, as well as many other notable successes. Born Mary Frances Reynolds on April 1, 1932 in El Paso, Texas, she entered the film industry by winning the Miss Burbank beauty contest in 1948, resulting in a contract with Warner Bros. However, the studio cast her in small roles in only two films -- 1948's The June Bride and 1950's The Daughter of Rosie O'Grady -- and she soon exited for the greener pastures of MGM, where she first appeared in Three Little Words. A more significant turn in 1950's Two Weeks with Love garnered Reynolds strong notices, and soon she was touted as the new Judy Garland, with a role in 1951's Mr. Imperium also on the horizon.", "precise_score": 4.663414001464844, "rough_score": 6.726975917816162, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds | New Music And Songs" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "Debbie Reynolds - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342008590698242, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "Debbie Reynolds", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206252098083496, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "Debbie Reynolds was born Mary Frances Reynolds in El Paso, Texas, the second child of Maxine N. (Harmon) and Raymond Francis Reynolds, a carpenter for the Southern Pacific Railroad. Her film career began at MGM after she won a beauty contest at age 16 impersonating Betty Hutton . Reynolds wasn't a dancer until she was selected to be Gene Kelly 's partner in Singin' in the Rain (1952). Not yet twenty, she was a quick study. Twelve years later, it seemed like she had been around forever. Most of her early film work was in MGM musicals, as perky, wholesome young women. She continues to use her dancing skills with stage work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.999585151672363, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "[on Carrie Fisher ] People used to call her \"Debbie Reynolds' daughter,\" now they call me \"Princess Leia's mother!\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.124343872070312, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "Upon the death of her daughter Carrie Fisher one day earlier while planning her funeral at her son's Todd house Debbie Reynolds said to her son, \"I miss her so much, I want to be with Carrie.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.564233779907227, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "Class Act Featured Actress: Debbie Reynolds", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.443340301513672, "source": "search", "title": "Class Act Featured Actress: Debbie Reynolds" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "Debbie Reynolds | New Music And Songs |", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489527702331543, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds | New Music And Songs" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "Debbie Reynolds", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206252098083496, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds | New Music And Songs" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "About Debbie Reynolds", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.244997024536133, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds | New Music And Songs" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "By the middle of the decade, however, Reynolds' star was waning. While described by the actress herself as her favorite film, 1966's The Singing Nun was not the hit MGM anticipated; its failure finally convinced the studio to offer her characters closer to her own age, but neither 1967's Divorce American Style nor the next year's How Sweet It Is performed well, and Reynolds disappeared from the screen to mount her own television series, the short-lived Debbie Reynolds Show. In 1971, she appeared against type in the campy horror picture What's the Matter with Helen?, but when it too failed she essentially retired from movie-making, accepting voice-over work as the title character in the animated children's film Charlotte's Web but otherwise remaining away from Hollywood for over a decade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.234655380249023, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds | New Music And Songs" }, { "answer": "Debbie Reynolds", "passage": "The comedies Wedding Bell Blues and In and Out followed, and Reynolds remained active into the new millennium, appearing in her own West End show Debbie Reynolds: Alive and Fabulous in 2010 and in the HBO Liberace biopic Behind the Candelabra in 2013. She passed away on December 28, 2016, one day after the death of daughter Carrie Fisher, who had suffered a heart attack on a flight from London to Los Angeles. Debbie Reynolds was 84 years old. ~ Jason Ankeny, Rovi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.86959457397461, "source": "search", "title": "Debbie Reynolds | New Music And Songs" } ]

[ { "answer": "California", "passage": "On January 11, 1935, Earhart became the first person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California. Although this transoceanic flight had been attempted by many others, notably by the unfortunate participants in the 1927 Dole Air Race which had reversed the route, her trailblazing flight had been mainly routine, with no mechanical breakdowns. In her final hours, she even relaxed and listened to \"the broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera from New York.\"", "precise_score": 7.30773401260376, "rough_score": 6.089842796325684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "The solo Atlantic crossing was followed by more book deals, meetings with heads of state, and a lecture tour, as well as more flying competitions. In 1935, Earhart also made a solo flight from Hawaii to Oakland, California, becoming the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland. This trip also made Earhart the first person to fly solo across both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.", "precise_score": 6.737746238708496, "rough_score": 6.858120441436768, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "January 11, 1935 - First person to solo the 2,408-mile distance across the Pacific between Hawaii and Oakland, California; also first flight where a civilian aircraft carried a two-way radio. She took off from Oahu's Wheeler Field; after an 18 hour flight, she landed at Oakland, with thousands of cheering fans to welcome her.", "precise_score": 6.105190753936768, "rough_score": 5.8896708488464355, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - Her Last Flight and Disappearance" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia is the first person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California. This year she will also fly solo from Los Angeles to Mexico City (April 19-20) and later from Mexico City to New York (May 8). In between flights she works as a career counselor to women at Purdue University.", "precise_score": 6.586462020874023, "rough_score": 5.979004859924316, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline: Amelia Earhart, 1897-1937 - American Experience" }, { "answer": "Calif.", "passage": "Honolulu, Jan. 11 -- Amelia Earhart Putnam, only woman to fly the Atlantic alone, took off from Wheeler Field for Oakland, Calif., at 4:44 P. M. [10:14 Eastern Standard Time] today on a trans-Pacific flight never made solo before.", "precise_score": 5.478898525238037, "rough_score": 7.18665885925293, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "In the first flight of its kind, American aviator Amelia Earhart departs Wheeler Field in Honolulu, Hawaii, on a solo flight to North America. Hawaiian commercial interests offered a $10,000 award to whoever accomplished the flight first. The next day, after traveling 2,400 miles in 18 hours, she safely landed at Oakland Airport in Oakland, California.", "precise_score": 8.544174194335938, "rough_score": 7.164992332458496, "source": "search", "title": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California - Jan 11, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia Earhart poses in front of her airplane in Wheeler Field, Hawaii, on January 4, 1935, before becoming the first person to fly solo from Honolulu to Oakland, California.", "precise_score": 7.8495683670043945, "rough_score": 7.791585922241211, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s 1935 Story on Becoming First to Fly From ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "In the years that followed, Earhart continued to break records. On January 11, 1935, she became the first person to fly solo across the Pacific from Honolulu to Oakland, California. Chilled during the 2,408-mile flight, she unpacked a thermos of hot chocolate. “Indeed,” she said, “that was the most interesting cup of chocolate I have ever had, sitting up eight thousand feet over the middle of the Pacific Ocean, quite alone.” Later that year she was the first to solo from Mexico City to Newark. A large crowd “overflowed the field,” and rushed Earhart’s plane. “I was rescued from my plane by husky policemen,” she said, “one of whom in the ensuing melee took possession of my right arm and another of my left leg.” The officers headed for a police car, but chose different routes. “The arm-holder started to go one way, while he who clasped my leg set out in the opposite direction. The result provided the victim with a fleeting taste of the tortures of the rack. But, at that,” she said good-naturedly, “It was fine to be home again.”", "precise_score": 7.109220504760742, "rough_score": 6.621994972229004, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - The California Museum" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "In 1935, in the first flight of its kind, she flew solo from Wheeler Field in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Oakland, California, winning a $10,000 award posted by Hawaiian commercial interests. Two years later, she attempted, along with copilot Frederick J. Noonan, to fly around the world, but her plane disappeared near Howland Island in the South Pacific on July 2, 1937. The U.S. Coast Guard cutter Itasca picked up radio messages that she was lost and low in fuel–the last the world ever heard from Amelia Earhart.", "precise_score": 7.266834259033203, "rough_score": 7.8950958251953125, "source": "search", "title": "Earhart completes transatlantic flight - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "By 1919 Earhart prepared to enter Smith College but changed her mind and enrolled at Columbia University, in a course in medical studies among other programs. She quit a year later to be with her parents, who had reunited in California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.124565124511719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Throughout this period, her grandmother's inheritance, which was now administered by her mother, was constantly depleted until it finally ran out following a disastrous investment in a failed gypsum mine. Consequently, with no immediate prospects for recouping her investment in flying, Earhart sold the \"Canary\" as well as a second Kinner and bought a yellow Kissel \"Speedster\" two-passenger automobile, which she named the \"Yellow Peril.\" Simultaneously, Earhart experienced an exacerbation of her old sinus problem as her pain worsened and in early 1924, she was hospitalized for another sinus operation, which was again unsuccessful. After trying her hand at a number of unusual ventures including setting up a photography company, Earhart set out in a new direction. Following her parents' divorce in 1924, she drove her mother in the \"Yellow Peril\" on a transcontinental trip from California with stops throughout the West and even a jaunt up to Calgary, Alberta. The meandering tour eventually brought the pair to Boston, Massachusetts, where Earhart underwent another sinus procedure, this operation being more successful. After recuperation, she returned for several months to Columbia University but was forced to abandon her studies and any further plans for enrolling at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology because her mother could no longer afford the tuition fees and associated costs. Soon after, she found employment first as a teacher, then as a social worker in 1925 at Denison House, living in Medford, Massachusetts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.307061195373535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Move to California", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334473609924316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "While Earhart was away on a speaking tour in late November 1934, a fire broke out at the Putnam residence in Rye destroying many family treasures and Earhart's personal mementos. As Putnam had already sold his interest in the New York based publishing company to his cousin, Palmer, following the fire the couple decided to move to the West Coast where Putnam took up his new position as head of the editorial board of Paramount Pictures in North Hollywood. While speaking in California in late 1934, Earhart had contacted Hollywood \"stunt\" pilot Paul Mantz in order to improve her flying, focusing especially on long-distance flying in her Vega and wanted to move closer to him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.137958526611328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Earhart joined the faculty of Purdue University in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and as a technical advisor to the Department of Aeronautics. Early in 1936, Earhart started to plan a round-the-world flight. Not the first to circle the globe, it would be the longest at 29,000 miles (47,000 km), following a grueling equatorial route. With financing from Purdue, in July 1936, a Lockheed Electra 10E was built at Lockheed Aircraft Company to her specifications which included extensive modifications to the fuselage to incorporate a large fuel tank. Earhart dubbed the twin engine monoplane airliner her \"flying laboratory\" and hangared it at Mantz's United Air Services located just across the airfield from Lockheed's Burbank, California plant in which it had been built. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.314930438995361, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "On March 17, 1937, Earhart and her crew flew the first leg from Oakland, California to Honolulu, Hawaii. In addition to Earhart and Noonan, Harry Manning and Mantz (who was acting as Earhart's technical advisor) were on board. Due to lubrication and galling problems with the propeller hubs' variable pitch mechanisms, the aircraft needed servicing in Hawaii. Ultimately, the Electra ended up at the United States Navy's Luke Field on Ford Island in Pearl Harbor. The flight resumed three days later from Luke Field with Earhart, Noonan and Manning on board. During the takeoff run, Earhart ground-looped, circumstances of which remain controversial. Some witnesses at Luke Field including the Associated Press journalist on the scene said they saw a tire blow. Earhart thought either the Electra's right tire had blown and/or the right landing gear had collapsed. Some sources, including Mantz, cited pilot error.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.01748790591955185, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "*On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Earhart into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.02254867553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "*Schools named after Earhart are found throughout the United States including the Amelia Earhart Elementary School, in Alameda, California, Amelia Earhart Elementary School, in Hialeah, Florida, Amelia Earhart Middle School, Riverside, California and Amelia Earhart International Baccalaureate World School, in Indio, California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.351012706756592, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "*Earhart Road, located next to the Oakland International Airport North Field in Oakland, California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.916027069091797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "* First person to fly solo between Honolulu, Hawaii and Oakland, California (1935)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.29001832008361816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "* First person to fly solo from Los Angeles, California to Mexico City, Mexico (1935)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.24302807450294495, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "* Speed record for east-to-west flight from Oakland, California to Honolulu, Hawaii (1937) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.078207015991211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Amelia Earhart" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "It wasn’t until 1920, when Earhart was 23 years old, that she developed an interest in airplanes. While visiting her father in California, she attended an air show and the stunt-flying feats she watched convinced her that she had to try flying for herself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.465919017791748, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Before long, Amelia Earhart was looking for new records to break in her own airplane. A few months after publishing 20 Hours 40 Minutes, she flew solo across the United States and back -- the first time a female pilot had made the journey alone. In 1929, she founded and participated in the Woman’s Air Derby, an airplane race from Santa Monica, California to Cleveland, Ohio with a substantial cash prize. Flying a more powerful Lockheed Vega, Earhart finished third, behind noted pilots Louise Thaden and Gladys O’Donnell.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.474432468414307, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "On May 21, 1937, Amelia Earhart and Frank Noonan took off from Oakland, California, on the first leg of their trip. The plane landed first in Puerto Rico and then in several other locations in the Caribbean before heading to Senegal. They crossed Africa, stopping several times for fuel and supplies, then went on to Eritrea, India, Burma, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. There, Earhart and Noonan prepared for the toughest stretch of the trip -- the landing at Howland’s Island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.636314868927002, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Starting on May 21, 1937 from Oakland, California, in the recently repaired Lockheed Electra, she and her navigator, Fed Noonan, stayed over land as much as possible. After relatively short flights to Burbank, California, and Tucson, Arizona, they next touched down in New Orleans, and then Miami where the airplane was tuned-up for the long trip. From Miami, they flew through the Caribbean, to an enthusiastic welcome in San Juan, and then to Natal, Brazil, for the shortest possible hop over the Atlantic, although, at 1727 miles, it was the longest leg of the journey that they completed safely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.83009147644043, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - Her Last Flight and Disappearance" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia's parents divorce, and Amelia drives with her mother from California to Massachusetts where they move in with sister Muriel. Amelia goes to New York briefly to reenroll at Columbia, but she soon moves back to Boston where she works first as a teacher and then as a social worker at Denison House, teaching English to Syrian and Chinese immigrants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.671393394470215, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline: Amelia Earhart, 1897-1937 - American Experience" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia and her navigator, Fred Noonan, along with Captain Harry Manning and stunt pilot Paul Mantz, fly the first leg of the trip from Oakland, California to Honolulu, Hawaii in 15 hours and 47 minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6987260580062866, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline: Amelia Earhart, 1897-1937 - American Experience" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California - Jan 11, 1935 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.611061096191406, "source": "search", "title": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California - Jan 11, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.255990028381348, "source": "search", "title": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California - Jan 11, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.255990028381348, "source": "search", "title": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California - Jan 11, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.255990028381348, "source": "search", "title": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California - Jan 11, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Two years after her Hawaii to California flight, she attempted with co-pilot Frederick J. Noonan to fly around the world, but her plane was lost on July 2, 1937, somewhere between New Guinea and Howland Island in the South Pacific. Radio operators picked up a signal that she was low on fuel–the last trace the world would ever know of Amelia Earhart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.0647664070129395, "source": "search", "title": "Earhart flies from Hawaii to California - Jan 11, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia Earhart’s 1935 Story on Becoming First to Fly From Hawaii to California", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.4908227920532227, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s 1935 Story on Becoming First to Fly From ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia Earhart’s 1935 Story on Becoming First to Fly From Hawaii to California", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.4908227920532227, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s 1935 Story on Becoming First to Fly From ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "The last hour or two of any flight is always the hardest. If there are clouds, the pilot, straining his eyes, is likely to see illusions of land. In my opinion California is letting slip many a sightly acre in the Pacific just off her coast. I saw them, islands and distant shores almost indistinguishable from clouds. Were they only clouds, after all? I did not let myself turn from my course to explore.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.789705753326416, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s 1935 Story on Becoming First to Fly From ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia Earhart is showered with flowers after landing in Oakland, California, in January 1935. She was the first person to successfully fly from Hawaii to California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.122133731842041, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s 1935 Story on Becoming First to Fly From ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "They did. And because of his satisfaction with the outlook when Friday came, I decided to start, even though that was against advice received from California. The consoling fact is that I found conditions substantially as predicted by Lieutenant Stephens, even on the California coast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.208667755126953, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s 1935 Story on Becoming First to Fly From ..." }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "On December 28, 1920 Amelia and her father visited an air show in California. Amelia went on her first plane flight that day. She later said that \"I knew I had to fly\" as soon as the plane was just a few hundred feet off the ground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5229745507240295, "source": "search", "title": "Biography: Amelia Earhart for Kids - Ducksters" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia continued to fly over the next several years. She broke many records including being the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California. Amelia wrote and gave speeches about flying and women's rights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.6661131381988525, "source": "search", "title": "Biography: Amelia Earhart for Kids - Ducksters" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "Amelia Earhart - California Museum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.156987190246582, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - The California Museum" }, { "answer": "California", "passage": "California Museum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399853706359863, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart - The California Museum" } ]

[ { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean (born Leslie Sebastian Charles; 21 January 1950) is a Trinidadian-born English recording artist who had a string of R&B international pop hits in the 1970s and 1980s. He was the most popular British R&B singer-songwriter of the early to mid-1980s. After scoring his first four UK Top 20 successes, seven years passed before he accumulated a series of transatlantic successes, including three U.S. number ones. In 1985, Ocean won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his worldwide hit, \"Caribbean Queen\", and in 1987 was nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist. ", "precise_score": 6.998971939086914, "rough_score": 6.080602645874023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean", "precise_score": 2.0901131629943848, "rough_score": 6.9852213859558105, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean", "precise_score": 2.0901131629943848, "rough_score": 6.9852213859558105, "source": "search", "title": "Biography - Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean (born Leslie Sebastian Charles, 21 January 1950, Fyzabad, Trinidad) is a Grammy Award-winning British popular music performer who had a string of rhythm and blues-tinged international pop hits in the 1970s and 1980s. He was the main British R&B singer / songwriter of the 1980s. He waited seven years after scoring his first four UK top 20 successes, before accumulating a series of transatlantic successes, including three U.S. number ones.", "precise_score": 7.196741104125977, "rough_score": 6.8726348876953125, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and ..." }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Frank Ocean: \"Billy Ocean is my uncle. I'm just fucking with you. The name Frank Ocean was born [Ed.—His government name is Christopher \"Lonny\" Breaux]. Allow me to tell that story another time, but I will say this: I changed my name on my birthday last year. It was the most empowering shit I did in 2010, for sure. I went on LegalZoom and changed my fucking name.", "precise_score": 6.726606369018555, "rough_score": 7.670074462890625, "source": "search", "title": "He’s Related To Billy Ocean? - Who Is Frank Ocean ..." }, { "answer": "Leslie Charles", "passage": "Ocean was born as Leslie Charles in Fyzabad, Trinidad and Tobago, to Hainsley Charles, a Grenadian musician and his wife Violet. He moved to Romford, Essex, England, with his family at the age of ten. He was exposed to music at an early age from his musician father, and, growing up, Ocean realized he was in line to follow his father's ambitions. During his teenage years, he sang regularly in London clubs while also working as a tailor in London's Savile Row. He was discovered by his first manager, John Morphew, who recorded a double A side single at Pye Studios in London with a full orchestra, However, the ballad singing style of Les was going out of fashion and Morphew was unable to get any major label to release it. It remains unreleased. Les's father, who countersigned the management contract as Les was younger than 18 asked Morphew to release him from contract, which he did without penalty. In 1969 he joined a local band \"The Shades of Midnight\" playing in the Shoreditch area of London. He recorded his first single, \"Nashville Rain\" backed with \"Sun In The Morning\", in 1971 for Spark Records as Les Charles and for two years fronted a studio band called Scorched Earth, with whom he released \"On The Run\" backed with \"Let's Put Our Emotions in Motion\" in 1974.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.179401874542236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Ocean took his stage name from the Ocean Estate, Stepney in London's East End, where he was living at the time. In 1976, he recorded his first album, Billy Ocean, with its first single release, \"Love Really Hurts Without You\", charting at No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart and No. 22 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. He enjoyed club success from the songs \"Are You Ready\" and \"Stay The Night\" from the album City Limit – both of which were later covered by La Toya Jackson. More successes ensued, including \"L.O.D. (Love on Delivery)\". He also wrote and composed songs for other artists. In 1981, he scored the US R&B chart with \"Nights (Feel Like Getting Down).\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.9658515453338623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "In April 2010, an 18-track compilation album was released in the UK by Sony Music titled The Very Best of Billy Ocean to tie in with a 30-date tour of the UK and Ireland. Featuring Ocean's biggest hits, the album debuted in the UK Albums Chart at No. 17. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9145655632019043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Red Light Spells Danger", "passage": "*\"Red Light Spells Danger\" – Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May as the \"Top Gear Band\" on Top Gear of the Pops", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376163482666016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.205790996551514, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Leslie Sebastian Charles", "passage": "Leslie Sebastian Charles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.092101097106934, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean was born on January 21, 1950 in Trinidad, British West Indies as Leslie Sebastian Charles. He has been married to Judy Bayne since October 1982. They have three children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.685042381286621, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Whatever Happened To: Billy Ocean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6021623611450195, "source": "search", "title": "Whatever Happened To: Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Claim to fame: Trinidad born and raised mostly in Great Britain. Billy Ocean enjoyed minor celebrity in European stages and nightclubs in the 1970s before achieving international stardom in 1984 with his smash hit Caribbean Queen over the next 5 years Billy Ocean topped the US and international charts with hits Suddenly Loverboy There'll be sad songs, When the going gets tough and Get outta my dreams...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.238306045532227, "source": "search", "title": "Whatever Happened To: Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Biography - Billy Ocean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.779253005981445, "source": "search", "title": "Biography - Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean is the biggest black recording star Britain has ever produced, one who has sold over 30 million records in his lifetime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.531520366668701, "source": "search", "title": "Biography - Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Red Light Spells Danger", "passage": "Two top twenty singles followed; Love on Delivery and Stop Me, then Red Light Spells Danger became a smash in both the UK and the US.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.471259117126465, "source": "search", "title": "Biography - Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "After huge worldwide success and with a young family at home, Billy decided to take a break to spend some well earned time with them. In 2007, with the kids all grown up, Billy went back out to perform his hits again, this time with his daughter Cherie on backing vocals, with live dates in the UK and Europe, USA, Canada, and the Caribbean. The tour was a great success and culminated in his getting the bug once more for writing and recording. 2008 saw Billy back in the studio for the first time in 15 years, recording his brand new album ‘Because I Love You’ - which was released in 2009. 2010 saw Billy back on the road again with his band in the UK, Europe and the US and the release of ‘The Very Best of Billy Ocean’, which entered the UK album charts at number 17 and sold 72,000 copies in 4 weeks. Billy recently headed over to America where he played to fantastic crowds in Las Vegas, Detroit and Pennsylvania, Virginia and Florida.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.760279178619385, "source": "search", "title": "Biography - Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "In 2016 Billy announced double CD 'Here You Are: The Best Of Billy Ocean', featuring new tracks and along with a selection of his greatest hits, to be released 29th April 2016.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.925678014755249, "source": "search", "title": "Biography - Billy Ocean" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean Discography at Discogs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5206050872802734, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean Discography at Discogs" }, { "answer": "Leslie Sebastian Charles", "passage": "Leslie Sebastian Charles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.092101097106934, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean Discography at Discogs" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Born in Trinidad on January 21, 1950. Billy Ocean was one of the first Caribbean singers, alongside Grace Jones , to be embraced by MTV, resulting in a string of Top Ten hits during the mid-1980s. UK raised he recorded as Les Charles in the early 70s adopting the name Billy Ocean by the mid 70s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.830532550811768, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean Discography at Discogs" }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "Billy Ocean — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0925596952438354, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Ocean — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and ..." }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "He’s Related To Billy Ocean? - Who Is Frank Ocean? | Complex", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.187312602996826, "source": "search", "title": "He’s Related To Billy Ocean? - Who Is Frank Ocean ..." }, { "answer": "Billy ocean", "passage": "He’s Related To Billy Ocean?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2138829231262207, "source": "search", "title": "He’s Related To Billy Ocean? - Who Is Frank Ocean ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 – June 5, 1910), known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American short story writer. O. Henry's short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization, and surprise endings. ", "precise_score": 7.449700355529785, "rough_score": 8.657196044921875, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "September 11, 1862 – Birthday of Austin resident and short story writer, William Sydney Porter better known as O. Henry.", "precise_score": 7.512022495269775, "rough_score": 9.695490837097168, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862 ..." }, { "answer": "William Sydney Porter", "passage": "Biography of William Sydney Porter", "precise_score": 0.906174898147583, "rough_score": 5.975437164306641, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography ..." }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 – June 5, 1910), better known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American writer. O. Henry's short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization and clever twist endings.", "precise_score": 9.414981842041016, "rough_score": 10.23984146118164, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography ..." }, { "answer": "William Sidney Porter", "passage": "Born William Sidney Porter, this master of short stories is much better known under his pen name \"O. Henry.\" He was born September 11, 1862 in North Carolina, where he spent his childhood. His only formal education was received at the school of his Aunt Lina, where he developed a lifelong love of books. In his uncle's pharmacy, he became a licensed pharmacist and was also known for his sketches and cartoons of the townspeople of Greensboro.", "precise_score": 5.495565414428711, "rough_score": 6.322050094604492, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter (1862-1910)" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "William Sydney Porter (1862–1910)—better known as O. Henry—is one of the world's most widely published writers. A master of the short story, he is the author of more than six hundred tales that have been translated into nearly every language. He is best known for his stories about New York City, which include \"The Gift of the Magi\" and \"The Purple Dress\".", "precise_score": 9.258150100708008, "rough_score": 9.985836029052734, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry's Biography | Scholastic.com" }, { "answer": "William Sidney Porter", "passage": "William Sidney Porter, better known as O. Henry, was an American short-story writer. Although enormously popular with readers, O. Henry's works have been disparaged by critics for their contrived plots, which are heavily dependent on coincidence. Nevertheless, the stories have attained a kind of literary permanence because of their unfading humor and their unforgettable picture of New York City at the turn of the century.", "precise_score": 6.790071487426758, "rough_score": 8.017583847045898, "source": "search", "title": "William Porter (September 11, 1862 — June 5, 1910 ..." }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "1     William Sydney Porter, better known as O. Henry, was an American writer born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. Porter lost his mother to tuberculosis at the age of three, so he and his father, Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter, moved in with Porter's paternal grandmother.", "precise_score": 9.088955879211426, "rough_score": 9.963515281677246, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) - edHelper.com" }, { "answer": "William Sydney Porter", "passage": "William Sydney Porter, 1862-1910, short story writer, lived in a house which stood near here.", "precise_score": 4.563127040863037, "rough_score": 7.360960006713867, "source": "search", "title": "Marker: J-1" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "     For the author, an adventurous life of danger and drifting affords story material for which there is no substitute. William Sydney Porter, better known by his pseudonym O. Henry, led a life that was at times uncertain, yet always intriguing. He was born on September 11, 1862 to Algernon Sidney and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter, in Greensboro, North Carolina. Belonging to a middle-class family of some affluence, (William’s great-uncle was governor Jonathan Worth ), Porter was raised by an aunt raised who educated him until age fifteen, when he began an apprenticeship in his uncle’s pharmacy. In 1882, Porter left Greensboro for La Salle, Texas, where he found work as a rancher, an invigorating experience that would later manifest itself in his writing.", "precise_score": 8.997516632080078, "rough_score": 8.907510757446289, "source": "search", "title": "Marker: J-1" }, { "answer": "William Sidney Porter", "passage": "William Sidney Porter was born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. He changed the spelling of his middle name to Sydney in 1898. His parents were Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter (1825–88), a physician, and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter (1833–65). William's parents had married on April 20, 1858. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved into the home of his paternal grandmother. As a child, Porter was always reading, everything from classics to dime novels; his favorite works were Lane's translation of One Thousand and One Nights, and Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.32398796081543, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "Athol Estes Porter died from tuberculosis (then known as consumption) on July 25, 1897. Porter had little to say in his own defense, and was found guilty of embezzlement in February 1898, sentenced to five years in prison, and imprisoned on March 25, 1898 at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, Ohio. Porter was a licensed pharmacist and was able to work in the prison hospital as the night druggist. He was given his own room in the hospital wing, and there is no record that he actually spent time in the cell block of the prison. He had fourteen stories published under various pseudonyms while he was in prison, but was becoming best known as \"O. Henry\", a pseudonym that first appeared over the story \"Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking\" in the December 1899 issue of McClure's Magazine. A friend of his in New Orleans would forward his stories to publishers so that they had no idea that the writer was imprisoned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.0012357346713542938, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "In this book, O. Henry coined the term \"banana republic\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232242584228516, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry's stories frequently have surprise endings. In his day, he was called the American answer to Guy de Maupassant. While both authors wrote plot twist endings, O. Henry stories were considerably more playful. His stories are also known for witty narration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.157672882080078, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "Most of O. Henry's stories are set in his own time, the early 20th century. Many take place in New York City and deal for the most part with ordinary people: clerks, policemen, waitresses, etc.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.931605339050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry's work is wide-ranging, and his characters can be found roaming the cattle-lands of Texas, exploring the art of the con-man, or investigating the tensions of class and wealth in turn-of-the-century New York. O. Henry had an inimitable hand for isolating some element of society and describing it with an incredible economy and grace of language. Some of his best and least-known work is contained in Cabbages and Kings, a series of stories each of which explores some individual aspect of life in a paralytically sleepy Central American town, while advancing some aspect of the larger plot and relating back one to another.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.409407615661621, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "Cabbages and Kings was his first collection of stories, followed by The Four Million. The second collection opens with a reference to Ward McAllister's \"assertion that there were only 'Four Hundred' people in New York City who were really worth noticing. But a wiser man has arisen—the census taker—and his larger estimate of human interest has been preferred in marking out the field of these little stories of the 'Four Million.'\" To O. Henry, everyone in New York counted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.873316764831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "Porter used a number of pen names (including \"O. Henry\" or \"Olivier Henry\") in the early part of his writing career; other names included S.H. Peters, James L. Bliss, T.B. Dowd, and Howard Clark. Nevertheless, the name \"O. Henry\" seemed to garner the most attention from editors and the public, and was used exclusively by Porter for his writing by about 1902. He gave various explanations for the origin of his pen name. In 1909 he gave an interview to The New York Times, in which he gave an account of it:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.08523416519165, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "William Trevor writes in the introduction to The World of O. Henry: Roads of Destiny and Other Stories (Hodder & Stoughton, 1973) that \"there was a prison guard named Orrin Henry\" in the Ohio State Penitentiary \"whom William Sydney Porter ... immortalised as O. Henry\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.11381196975708, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "The O. Henry Award is a prestigious annual prize named after Porter and given to outstanding short stories.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.515421867370605, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "A film was made in 1952 featuring five stories, called O. Henry's Full House. The episode garnering the most critical acclaim was \"The Cop and the Anthem\" starring Charles Laughton and Marilyn Monroe. The other stories are \"The Clarion Call\", \"The Last Leaf\", \"The Ransom of Red Chief\" (starring Fred Allen and Oscar Levant), and \"The Gift of the Magi\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.794140815734863, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "The O. Henry House and O. Henry Hall, both in Austin, Texas, are named for him. O. Henry Hall, now owned by the University of Texas, previously served as the federal courthouse in which O. Henry was convicted of embezzlement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.071586608886719, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "Porter has elementary schools named for him in Greensboro, North Carolina (William Sydney Porter Elementary) and Garland, Texas (O. Henry Elementary), as well as a middle school in Austin, Texas (O. Henry Middle School). The O. Henry Hotel in Greensboro is also named for Porter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1712663173675537, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "In 1962, the Soviet Postal Service issued a stamp commemorating O'Henry's 100th birthday. On September 11, 2012, the U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp commemorating the 150th anniversary of O. Henry's birth. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38110637664795, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "On November 23, 2011, Barack Obama quoted O. Henry while granting pardons to two turkeys named \"Liberty\" and \"Peace\". In response, political science professor P. S. Ruckman, Jr., and Texas attorney Scott Henson filed a formal application for a posthumous pardon in September 2012, the same month that the U.S. Postal Service issued its O. Henry stamp.Jim Schlosser, \"[http://www.ohenrymag.com/?page_id", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.152536392211914, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "51 Please Mr. President, Pardon O. Henry]\", O. Henry Magazine, October 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013. Previous attempts were made to obtain such a pardon for Porter in the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Dwight Eisenhower, and Ronald Reagan, but no one had ever bothered to file a formal application. Ruckman and Henson argued that Porter deserved a pardon because (1) he was a law-abiding citizen prior to his conviction; (2) his offense was minor; (3) he had an exemplary prison record; (4) his post-prison life clearly indicated rehabilitation; (5) he would have been an excellent candidate for clemency in his time, had he but applied for pardon; (6) by today's standards, he remains an excellent candidate for clemency; and (7) his pardon would be a well-deserved symbolic gesture and more.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.19445514678955, "source": "wiki", "title": "O. Henry" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862 – Discover Texas History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.230559349060059, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862 ..." }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.053218841552734, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862 ..." }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "On or about 1901, Porter was released from prison and changed his name to O. Henry to hide his true identity. Porter moved to New York City where he published over 300 short stories and was fondly thought to be America’s favorite short story writer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3036627769470215, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry Short Story Writer born on September 11, 1862 ..." }, { "answer": "William Sydney Porter", "passage": "William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography - Poem Hunter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.923296928405762, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography ..." }, { "answer": "William Sydney Porter", "passage": "William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography - Poem Hunter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.923296928405762, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography ..." }, { "answer": "William Sidney Porter", "passage": "William Sidney Porter was born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. His middle name at birth was Sidney; he changed the spelling to Sydney in 1898. His parents were Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter (1825–1888), a physician, and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter (1833–1865). They were married on April 20, 1858. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved into the home of his maternal grandmother. As a child, Porter was always reading, everything from classics to dime novels; his favorite works were Lane's translation of One Thousand and One Nights, and Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.132757186889648, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter - William Sydney Porter Biography ..." }, { "answer": "William Sydney Porter", "passage": "William Sydney Porter (1862-1910)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.0290913581848145, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter (1862-1910)" }, { "answer": "William S. Porter", "passage": "William S. Porter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.433894157409668, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter (1862-1910)" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "\"O. Henry\" (1862-1910)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.051359176635742, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter (1862-1910)" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "In 1884, Porter moved to Austin. For the next three years, where he roomed in the home of the Joseph Harrell family and held several jobs. It was during this time that Porter first used his pen name, O. Henry, said to be derived from his frequent calling of \"Oh, 'Henry'\" the family cat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.012485504150391, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter (1862-1910)" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "From this low point in Porter's life, he began a remarkable comeback. Three years and about a dozen short stories later, he emerged from prison as \"O. Henry\" to help shield his true identity. He moved to New York City, where over the next ten years before his death in 1910, he published over 300 stories and gained worldwide acclaim as America's favorite short story writer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1047536134719849, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter (1862-1910)" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry wrote with realistic detail based on his first hand experiences both in Texas and in New York City. In 1907, he published many of his Texas stories in The Heart of the West, a volume that includes \"The Reformation of Calliope,\" \"The Caballero's Way,\" and \"The Hiding of Black Bill.\" Another highly acclaimed Texas writer, J. Frank Dobie, later referred to O. Henry's \" Last of the Troubadours \" as \"the best range story in American fiction.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.184511184692383, "source": "search", "title": "William Sydney Porter (1862-1910)" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry | Scholastic", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280477523803711, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry's Biography | Scholastic.com" }, { "answer": "Sidney Porter", "passage": "He changed the spelling of his middle name to Sydney in 1898.His parents were Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter (1825–88), a physician, and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter (1833–65). They were married on April 20, 1858. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved into the home of his paternal grandmother. As a child, Porter was always reading, everything from classics to dime novels;his favorite works were Lane's translation of One Thousand and One Nights, and Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.597036361694336, "source": "search", "title": "William Porter (September 11, 1862 — June 5, 1910 ..." }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "While in prison O. Henry started to write short stories to earn money to support his daughter Margaret. His first work, \"Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking\" (1899), appeared in McClure's Magazine. After doing three years of the five years sentence, Porter emerged from the prison in 1901 and changed his name to O. Henry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.7989501953125, "source": "search", "title": "William Porter (September 11, 1862 — June 5, 1910 ..." }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry moved to New York City in 1902 and from December 1903 to January 1906 he wrote a story a week for the New York World, also publishing in other magazines. O. Henry published 10 collections and over 600 short stories during his lifetime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.49368667602539, "source": "search", "title": "William Porter (September 11, 1862 — June 5, 1910 ..." }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry's last years were shadowed by alcoholism, ill health, and financial problems. He died of cirrhosis of the liver on June 5, 1910, in New York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.090669631958008, "source": "search", "title": "William Porter (September 11, 1862 — June 5, 1910 ..." }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.456148147583008, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) - edHelper.com" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.456148147583008, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) - edHelper.com" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.456148147583008, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) - edHelper.com" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "Print O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2531003952026367, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) - edHelper.com" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "Feedback on O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5766503810882568, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) - edHelper.com" }, { "answer": "O. Henry", "passage": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.456148147583008, "source": "search", "title": "O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) - edHelper.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo River (also known as the Zaire River; ; ) is a river in Africa. It is the second largest river in the world by discharge (after the Amazon), and the world's deepest river with measured depths in excess of 220 m. ", "precise_score": 3.4683895111083984, "rough_score": -1.6325002908706665, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "The name Zaire is from a Portuguese adaptation of a Kikongo word nzere (\"river\"), a truncation of nzadi o nzere (\"river swallowing rivers\"). ", "precise_score": 0.9868444204330444, "rough_score": -2.5443761348724365, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo seems to have replaced Zaire gradually in English usage during the 18th century, and Congo", "precise_score": -5.201634407043457, "rough_score": -6.003002643585205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Francisco de Lacerda following the Zambezi reached the uppermost part of the Congo basin (the Kazembe in the upper Luapula basin) in 1796.", "precise_score": -9.140422821044922, "rough_score": -8.278264045715332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The upper Congo River, known as the Lualaba was first reached by the Arab slave trade by the 19th century. Nyangwe was founded as a slavers' outpost around 1860.", "precise_score": -8.346774101257324, "rough_score": -9.720141410827637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "On January 6, 1877, after , they reached Boyoma Falls (called Stanley Falls for some time after), consisting of seven cataracts spanning which they had to bypass overland. It took them to February 7 to reach the end of the falls. Here Stanley learned that the river was called Ikuta Yacongo, proving to him that he had reached the Congo, and that the Lualaba did not feed the Nile.", "precise_score": -8.264083862304688, "rough_score": -9.803353309631348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo (;; ), also known as DR Congo, DRC, DROC, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo is a country located in Central Africa. From 1971 to 1997 it was named Zaire, and from 1908 to 1960 it was called the Belgian Congo. The DRC borders the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan to the north; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. It is the second largest country in Africa by area, the largest in Subsaharan Africa, and the eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 79 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth most populated nation in Africa and the nineteenth most populated country in the world.", "precise_score": 0.29572704434394836, "rough_score": -0.5452303886413574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo was formerly known as, in chronological order, Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Zaire and Democratic Republic of the Congo (again).", "precise_score": -6.123315811157227, "rough_score": -7.687587261199951, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The country was known officially as the \"Democratic Republic of the Congo\" from 1965 to 27 October 1971, when it was changed to the \"Republic of Zaire.\" In 1992, the Sovereign National Conference voted to change the name of the country to the \"Democratic Republic of the Congo,\" but the change was not put into practice. The country's name was restored by former president Laurent Kabila following the fall of long time dictator Mobutu Sese Seko in 1997. ", "precise_score": 3.002178430557251, "rough_score": 0.8963993191719055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Lumumba had previously appointed Joseph Mobutu chief of staff of the new Congo army, Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC). Taking advantage of the leadership crisis between Kasavubu and Lumumba, Mobutu garnered enough support within the army to create mutiny. With financial support from the United States and Belgium, Mobutu paid his soldiers privately. The aversion of Western powers to communism and leftist ideology influenced their decision to finance Mobutu's quest to neutralize Kasavubu and Lumumba in a coup by proxy. A constitutional referendum after Mobutu's coup of 1965 resulted in the country's official name being changed to the \"Democratic Republic of the Congo.\" In 1971 Mobutu changed the name again, this time to \"Republic of Zaire\".", "precise_score": -6.0373101234436035, "rough_score": -7.661659240722656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1971, Mobutu renamed the country the Republic of Zaire, its fourth name change in 11 years and its sixth overall. The Congo River was renamed the Zaire River.", "precise_score": 4.267398357391357, "rough_score": 4.768038272857666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "By 1996, following the Rwandan Civil War and genocide and the ascension of a Tutsi-led government in Rwanda, Rwandan Hutu militia forces (Interahamwe) fled to eastern Zaire and used refugee camps as a base for incursions against Rwanda. They allied with the Zairian armed forces (FAZ) to launch a campaign against Congolese ethnic Tutsis in eastern Zaire.Thom, William G. [http://wayback.archive.org/web/20060821184303/http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/JCS/bin/get5.cgi?directoryfall99/&filename", "precise_score": -8.676873207092285, "rough_score": -7.721470832824707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "THOM.htm \"Congo-Zaire's 1996–97 civil war in the context of evolving patterns of military conflict in Africa in the era of independence\"], Conflict Studies Journal at the University of New Brunswick, Vol. XIX No. 2, Fall 1999.", "precise_score": -8.255666732788086, "rough_score": -6.8890204429626465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "A coalition of Rwandan and Ugandan armies invaded Zaire to overthrow the government of Mobutu, and ultimately to control the mineral resources of Zaire, launching the First Congo War. The coalition allied with some opposition figures, led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila, becoming the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL). In 1997 Mobutu fled and Kabila marched into Kinshasa, naming himself president and reverting the name of the country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "precise_score": -6.886028289794922, "rough_score": -7.805903434753418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Kimbanguism was seen as a threat to the colonial regime and was banned by the Belgians. Kimbanguism, officially \"the church of Christ on Earth by the prophet Simon Kimbangu\", now has about three million members,[http://wayback.archive.org/web/20010707120530/http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_365.html \"Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo)\", Adherents.com – Religion by Location.] Sources quoted are The World Factbook (1998), 'official government web site' of Democratic Republic of Congo. Retrieved 25 May 2007. primarily among the Bakongo of Bas-Congo and Kinshasa.", "precise_score": -6.639435768127441, "rough_score": -9.73426342010498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "It was therefore essential that Stanley should trace the course of the Lualaba downstream (northward) from Nyangwe, the point where Livingstone had left it in July 1871. Between November 1876 and August 1877, Stanley and his men navigated the Lualaba up to and beyond the point where it turned sharply westward, away from the Nile, identifying itself as the Congo River. Having succeeded with this second objective, they then traced the river to the sea. During this expedition, Stanley used sectional boats and dug-out canoes to pass the large cataracts that separated the Congo into distinct tracts. These boats were transported around the rapids before being rebuilt to travel on the next section of river. In passing the rapids many of his men were drowned, including his last white colleague, Frank Pocock. Stanley and his men reached the Portuguese outpost of Boma, around 100 km from the mouth of the Congo River on the Atlantic Ocean, after 999 days on 9 August 1877. Muster lists and Stanley's diary (12 November 1874) show that he started with 228 people and reached Boma with 114 survivors, with he being the only European left alive out of four. In Stanley's Through the Dark Continent (1878) (in which he coined the term \"Dark Continent\" for Africa), Stanley said that his expedition had numbered 356, the exaggeration detracting from his achievement.", "precise_score": -9.306541442871094, "rough_score": -9.800215721130371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire", "precise_score": 0.03738989681005478, "rough_score": -4.645693778991699, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "31st October 1964 Mike Hoare and 110 mercenaries of the 5th Cdo were flown from Kamina to Kongolo, where they were led by the Belgian Lieutenant Colonel Liegeois as part of a column to advance upon Stanleyville from the north and liberate the city, which was occupied by insurgents.", "precise_score": -9.14382553100586, "rough_score": -9.012409210205078, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "27th October 1971 Under an Africanisation policy, Joseph Mobutu changed the country's name to the Republic of Zaire, while the state of Katanga became known as Shaba and the river Congo became known as the Zaire.", "precise_score": 7.002989292144775, "rough_score": 7.1401143074035645, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Quote The war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; formerly called Zaire under President Mobutu Sese Seko) is the widest interstate war in modern African history. The DRC became an environment in which numerous foreign players were involved, some within the immediate sub-region, and some from much further afield. That only served to complicate the situation and to make peaceful resolution of the conflict that much more complex. The war, centered mainly in eastern Congo, had involved 9 African nations and directly affected the lives of 50 million Congolese. Unquote ...... Source", "precise_score": -3.3898088932037354, "rough_score": -5.79334831237793, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "May 1997 Tutsi and other anti-Mobutu rebels, aided principally by Rwanda, capture the capital, Kinshasa. Zaire was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Laurent-Desire Kabila was installed as president.", "precise_score": -6.790458679199219, "rough_score": -6.048537731170654, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -2.7474770545959473, "rough_score": -6.605166435241699, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "On May 17, 1997, the African country of Zaire became known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo .", "precise_score": -2.385958433151245, "rough_score": -3.102283000946045, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "This name is not really new; before the country was called Zaire, it had been known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1971 the country and even the huge Congo River were renamed Zaire by former President Sese Seko Mobutu. In 1997 General Laurent Kabila took control of Zaire country and returned it to the name the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which it held prior to 1971. A new flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo of was also introduced to the world.", "precise_score": 5.0414042472839355, "rough_score": 5.565947532653809, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)", "precise_score": -1.7621397972106934, "rough_score": -5.155902862548828, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "May 17, 1997 - Kabila and his troops take the capital, Kinshasa and Mobutu goes into exile. Zaire becomes the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There is worldwide confusion about the change", "precise_score": -7.1423797607421875, "rough_score": -7.166302680969238, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo River is the deepest River in the world and is also the third longest in the world with a depth which is very varied and it’s amazing. With measured depths of over 220 m. overall length reached 4,700 miles and make the longest river. The River is notorious for its role in history. Called the heart of darkness by Joseph Conrad, the river and the surrounding forests have long been known as the land of mysterious dwarfs, mythical beasts, dreadful, and cannibals. The land made famous by the rigorous adventures of Stanley and Livingstone, and was known as a place of brutality and violence of the past, Congo River gets its name from the ancient Kingdom of Congo which inhabited the land at the mouth of the River. Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo, both countries lying on the banks of the River, is named after it. Between 1971 and 1997 the Government of Zaire called it the Zaire River. Congo River before the River Zaire in Africa’s most powerful river which is the second most productive in the world with a discharge of 1,500,000 cubic feet of water per second, which is pretty amazing.", "precise_score": 3.6762192249298096, "rough_score": -0.857256293296814, "source": "search", "title": "Congo River Tourism, Africa - Next Trip Tourism" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1. Officially Democratic Republic of the Congo.Formerly (1971-1997) Za·ire (zī′îr, zä-îr′)and (1960-1971) Congoand (1908-1960) Belgian Congoand (1885-1908) Congo Free State. A country of central Africa astride the equator. Inhabited originally by Pygmy peoples and later by migrating Bantu and Nilotic groups, the region came under the control of Leopold II of Belgium in the late 1870s and was annexed outright in 1908. Full independence was achieved in 1960. Army general Mobutu Sese Seko took control of the country in 1965, ruling until his ouster by rebel forces in 1997. Kinshasa is the capital and the largest city.", "precise_score": -7.363869667053223, "rough_score": -4.328832149505615, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "2. Officially Republic of the Congo. A country of west-central Africa with a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. It was part of French Equatorial Africa before becoming independent in 1960. A Marxist state was established in 1970, but in the early 1990s Marxism was abandoned in favor of a multiparty system, and a new constitution was adopted. Brazzaville is the capital and the largest city.", "precise_score": -10.895784378051758, "rough_score": -8.985089302062988, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1. (Placename) Democratic Republic of Congo a republic in S central Africa, with a narrow strip of land along the Congo estuary leading to the Atlantic in the west: Congo Free State established in 1885, with Leopold II of Belgium as absolute monarch; became the Belgian Congo colony in 1908; gained independence in 1960, followed by civil war and the secession of Katanga (until 1963); President Mobutu Sese Seko seized power in 1965; declared a one-party state in 1978, and was overthrown by rebels in 1997. The country consists chiefly of the Congo basin, with large areas of dense tropical forest and marshes, and the Mitumba highlands reaching over 5000 m (16 000 ft) in the east. Official language: French. Religion: Christian majority, animist minority. Currency: Congolese franc. Capital: Kinshasa. Pop: 75 507 308 (2013 est). Area: 2 344 116 sq km (905 063 sq miles). Former names: Congo Free State (1885–1908), Belgian Congo (1908–60), Congo-Kinshasa (1960–71) or Zaïre (1971–97)", "precise_score": -10.038352966308594, "rough_score": -6.684744358062744, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "3. (Placename) the second longest river in Africa, rising as the Lualaba on the Katanga plateau in the Democratic Republic of Congo and flowing in a wide northerly curve to the Atlantic: forms the border between Congo-Brazzaville and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Length: about 4800 km (3000 miles). Area of basin: about 3 000 000 sq km (1 425 000 sq miles). Former Zaïrese name (1971–97): Zaïre", "precise_score": 1.5173057317733765, "rough_score": 0.20749470591545105, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "2. Democratic Republic of the, a republic in central Africa: a former Belgian colony; gained independence 1960. 50,481,305; 905,063 sq. mi. (2,344,113 sq. km). Cap.: Kinshasa. Formerly, Zaire, Belgian Congo, Congo Free State.", "precise_score": -7.606513977050781, "rough_score": -7.182002067565918, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "3. Also called Zaire. a river in central Africa, flowing in a great loop from SE Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Atlantic. ab. 3000 mi. (4800 km) long.", "precise_score": 3.166344404220581, "rough_score": 0.1712951362133026, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In late 1966, Mobutu abolished the office of prime minister, establishing a presidential form of government. Léopoldville, Stanleyville, and Elisabethville were given African names (Kinshasa, Kisangani, and Lubumbashi, respectively), thus in effect beginning the campaign for \"African authenticity\" that became a major policy of Mobutu in the early 1970s. (In 1971 the country was renamed Zaïre, as was the Congo River; in 1972, Katanga was renamed Shaba—largely in an attempt to destroy the region's past association with secession—and Mobutu dropped his Christian names and called himself Mobutu Sese Seko, while advising other Zaïreans to follow suit.) By the end of the 1960s, the country enjoyed political stability, although there was intermittent student unrest.", "precise_score": 0.3345673978328705, "rough_score": 1.3538284301757812, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The nation's problems were compounded by an influx of hundreds of thousands of Hutu refugees from Rwanda and a spillover of ethnic fighting between Hutus and Tutsis into Zaïre. In mid-1994, Kengo Wa Dondo, an advocate of austerity and free-market reform, was chosen prime minister by parliament, but he was dismissed in Mar., 1997. In 1996 and 1997, while Mobutu was in Europe being treated for cancer, rebels dependent on support from Rwandan and Ugandan forces captured much of E Zaïre. The insurgents, who also received aid from Zambia and Angola, met little resistance from the ragged Zaïrean army and entered Kinshasa on May 17, 1997. Rebel leader Laurent Kabila was sworn in as president on May 29 and changed the name of the country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mobutu died in Morocco on Sept. 7, 1997.", "precise_score": -7.622573375701904, "rough_score": -7.2873759269714355, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Republic of Zaïre (République du Zaïre). Prior to 1971, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "precise_score": 0.6551120281219482, "rough_score": 2.7201220989227295, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Zaïre is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by the People’s Republic of the Congo on the west; the Central African Republic on the northwest and north; the Sudan on the northeast; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania on the east; Zambia on the southeast and south; and Angola on the southwest. It has an outlet in the west to the Atlantic Ocean through a narrow strip along the right bank of the estuary of the Zaïre (Congo) River (the coastline measures 40 km). Zaïre occupies an area of 2,345,400 sq km and has a population of 22.5 million (1971, estimate according to data of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, New York, March 1972). The capital is Kinshasa.", "precise_score": 1.7617210149765015, "rough_score": 2.8620548248291016, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Zaïre lies in the Central Basin (or Congo depression) and its regional rises in the equatorial and subequatorial belts of the northern and southern hemispheres.", "precise_score": -2.062760829925537, "rough_score": -3.8495283126831055, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Peoples of the Bantu linguistic group constitute about 85 percent of the population (1969, estimate). The most numerous are the Bakongo, who inhabit the lower reaches of the Zaïre River. To the east of them live the Mongo and the closely related Tetela (Batetela), Lengola, and Lokele; along the middle reaches of the Zaïre River live the Bangala and the Babangi, Ngombe, and other people closely related to the Bangala. The environs of the city of Kinshasa are inhabited by the Bateke, among others; the Babwa, Barega, and other tribes live in the vicinity of the city of Kisangani. The Banyaruanda, Barundi, and Bakonjo live in the east; the southern part of the country is inhabited by the Baluba and Bemba. The northern regions are inhabited by peoples speaking the languages of central and eastern Sudan: the Azande and the Moru-Mangbetu group of people (small tribes of pygmies in the Ituri River basin also speak the languages of the latter). On the border with Uganda and the Sudan live the Alur, Bari, and other peoples, whose languages belong to the Nilotic family. There are between 40,000 and 50,000 Europeans in the country (1967, estimate). About 52 percent of the people follow local traditional religious beliefs, 45 percent are Christians (primarily Catholic), about 300,000 are Muslim, and about 1,500 are Jewish. The official language is French, and the official calendar is the Gregorian calendar.", "precise_score": -3.3475942611694336, "rough_score": -4.463454246520996, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Farming was the main occupation of the population from the most ancient times; the breeding of small stock, primarily goats, played a considerably lesser role. The main agricultural crops were sorghum, millet, and the oil palm; since the middle of the 16th century cultivated plants introduced from America have become widespread: manioc, maize (corn), and sweet potato. Copper was mined in the southern regions (the territory of present-day Shaba province); copper bars of varying size and shape were used as a unit of exchange. It is probable that one of the oldest centers of metallurgy in Africa existed in the southern part of the country. It is not known when the working of metals developed, but it is quite likely that iron metallurgy existed here already at the end of the first millennium A.D. Property inequality existed among the peoples that belonged to the Bantu language group and formed the bulk of Zaïre’s population long before the arrival of Europeans; class relations had already begun to develop and state formations had arisen (the history of whose origin is legendary and usually connected with mythical heroes): in the lower reaches of the Zaïre River were the Kongo, Kakongo, Matamba, and Ndongo kingdoms; in the middle of the country were the Kuba (or Bushongo), Teke (or Tyo), and Bolia states; in the upper reaches of the Kasai, Lulua, and Lomami rivers were the Luba and Lunda kingdoms. One of the oldest was the Kongo Kingdom, which arose around the 14th century. Some slave-owning and feudal traditions, which developed as a result of the local conditions simultaneously and parallel to each other, were intermixed in the early class states with vestiges of the primitive communal system. The intensification of the contradictions among the nobility, the free farmer-community members, and the slaves led to social conflicts, which were manifested in popular uprisings, evasion of the payment of taxes, and the like. The Portuguese appeared at the mouth of the Zaïre River at the end of the 15th century. They attempted to gain a foothold here and transform the river basin into a permanent source of slaves for export to America (between the 15th and 19th centuries, at least 10 million slaves were exported). The Europeans encountered stubborn resistance on the part of the local population. The revolts of the Africans were directed not only against the Europeans but frequently against the local nobility, which sought an alliance with the colonizers in order to strengthen their positions. In 1491 a major uprising of the people of the Kongo Kingdom, brought about by the forced Christianization that followed the baptism of the Kongo ruler and the nobility, was suppressed by the combined efforts of the troops of the ruler and the Portuguese. A rebellion led by Mboula Matadi (the 1570’s and 1580’s) resulted in some restriction of Portuguese activities. An anti-European colonialist movement, known as the Antonian heresy, developed between 1703 and 1709. The internecine struggle and the Portuguese slave trade greatly weakened the states of the Zaïre River basin. At the beginning of the 19th century, there were many small kingdoms in what is now Zaïre, which succeeded in preserving their independence until the last quarter of the 19th century.", "precise_score": -5.4861040115356445, "rough_score": -8.117999076843262, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Colonial period (last quarter of the 19th century to 1960). In the last quarter of the 19th century the territory of Zaïre became the object of rivalry of the colonial powers. In 1876 the Belgian king Leopold II organized the so-called African International Association under his chairmanship. Under its cover, the king’s emissaries (travelers, officers, missionaries) imposed unilateral agreements on the local tribal chiefs. Taking advantage of the contradictions between Great Britain, France, Germany, and the USA, Leopold II established control over a vast territory. The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 recognized Leopold II as sovereign of the seized territory, which acquired the name the Congo Free State. The subjugation of the local population by the Belgians was completed in ten years and was accompanied by bloody massacres. In spite of the disunity of the Africans, the Europeans frequently suffered crushing defeats. No less than 30 armed clashes alone are known in the last quarter of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century (the largest were the uprisings of the Tetela in 1890–92 and 1895–96, which were suppressed as a result of the large-scale military expeditions of Belgian forces, and the rebellion of 1897–1900, which led to the loss from the Congo Free State of a vast territory between Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika for a long time). The rebellion of the Tetela, which broke out in 1901, rocked the entire southern part of the country and was finally suppressed only after seven years. Punitive expeditions were also instituted against the Azande, Baluba, Basongo, Lunda, and others. A reign of the armed pillage of the populace prevailed in the country as well as parasitic plunder of the natural resources most accessible to exploitation. The authorities annihilated the local inhabitants, burned villages, and lay waste to entire regions for failure to deliver ivory, rubber, and produce and for refusing to fulfill the labor conscription.", "precise_score": -6.1270012855529785, "rough_score": -5.59592866897583, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1908, for a large compensation, Leopold II transferred the Congo Free State to the control of Belgium; it officially became a Belgian colony under the name of the Belgian Congo. A system of the cruelest exploitation led to a decrease in the population from 30 million in 1884 to 15 million in 1915. By the colonial charter of 1908, all authority in the country was transferred to the governor-general, who represented the Belgian parliament, government, and king. After World War I (1914–18) the monopolistic groups of Belgium, Great Britain, and the USA intensified the exploitation of the Belgian Congo’s natural resources. The exploitation of minerals was accompanied by the development of the export branches of agriculture, the mining and manufacturing industries, transportation, and power. The establishment of these branches of the economy enabled a working class to emerge in Zaïre, the major regions of whose concentration became the industrially developed provinces of Katanga (since 1972 called Shaba) and Kivu and the city of Léopoldville (since 1966, Kinshasa). Along with the widespread passive means of resistance against the European colonizers during these years (sabotage, failure to report to work, desertion) peasant uprisings and mutinies broke out in various regions. The uprisings of the peasants of Kivu in 1919–23 were suppressed with extreme brutality. One form of the anticolonial struggle was the religious and political movements and sects, in which various strata of the population took part. Of wide scope from the 1920’s to the 1950’s were the movement of the supporters of S. Kimbangu, which advanced the slogan “The Congo for the Congolese”; the activities of the secret societies of the “leopard men,” which called upon Africans “to take the reins of government of the country into their hands”; and the sect of Adventists of Kitawala, whose social support was the unskilled workers of the mining industries of the southern part of the Belgian Congo. The members of this sect advanced the slogans “Africa for the Africans” and “Equality of the races—equal pay for equal work.”", "precise_score": -7.677021503448486, "rough_score": -9.339950561523438, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "During World War II (1939–45) the USA and Great Britain exported strategic raw materials from the Belgian Congo (copper, tin, cobalt, zinc, uranium). After the war the Belgian government undertook the so-called Ten-Year Plan for the Economic and Social Development of the Belgian Congo (1950–60), during whose fulfillment the exploitation of the country, which had been transformed into a strategic military base of operations for NATO in Central Africa, was intensified. The anticolonial movement assumed the greatest organization in the 1940’s and particularly in the 1950’s. The African proletariat introduced a new form of struggle— strikes—the largest of which occurred in 1941 and 1953 in Katanga and in 1944, 1945, and at the beginning of the 1950’s in Léopoldville. The strike at the port of Matadi in 1945 grew into an armed uprising (supported by the peasants of the nearby villages), which was suppressed with difficulty by military troops. In 1946 the Africans secured the right to form trade unions. At the beginning of the 1950’s major cultural and educational organizations appeared, which played an important role in forming the national self-consciousness of the Africans. In the mid-1950’s these organizations openly demanded in the press that the Belgian Congo be granted independence (manifestos of the group Conscience Africaine and the Association des Bakongo, the appeal of public figures to the minister of colonies, and other documents). As the liberation movement intensified, the cultural educational organizations developed into political parties: the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), (founded in 1958), Alliance des Bakongo (Abako; founded in 1950 as the cultural and educational Association des Bakongo; in 1959 it was transformed into a party), the Parti Solidaire Africain (founded in 1959), the Confédération des Associations Tribales du Katanga (Conakat; founded in 1959; in 1965 it became part of the Convention Nationale Congolaise, founded in 1965). The largest party was the MNC led by Patrice Lumumba.", "precise_score": -10.06654167175293, "rough_score": -8.686766624450684, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1959 was a critical year in the struggle for independence. The participation of the urban and rural masses in the national liberation movement under the slogan “Independence in 1959’ decided the outcome of the struggle. The attempts of the ruling circles in Belgium to slow down the anticolonial movement by terror and partial reforms failed. On the demand of the bloc of progressive parties headed by the MNC, Belgium was forced to announce its agreement to grant the Belgian Congo independence at a round-table conference in Brussels in January-February 1960.", "precise_score": -11.05366325378418, "rough_score": -9.911619186401367, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "After the achievement of independence. On June 30, 1960, the Belgian Congo was declared the independent Republic of the Congo. The government was headed by Lumumba, since the MNC and the parties forming a bloc with it had received the majority of votes in the parliamentary elections that May. J. Kasavubu was elected president. In September 1960 the Republic of the Congo became a member of the United Nations. The imperialistic powers, using the differences between the leaders representing not only different peoples but also different social strata of the society, sabotaged all the economic and political measures of the republic’s government. An outflow of foreign capital and specialists from the Congo began; in July-August 1960 the country’s two most economically developed provinces were torn away. Katanga (reunited in 1963) and Kasai (reunited in 1962); a mutiny was organized in the army. In July 1960, Belgian forces were brought into the country under the pretense of defending the lives and property of the Europeans. In September 1960 the national government was removed from power with the connivance of the administration and the UN forces, which were summoned into the country by Lumumba in order to repulse the Belgian aggression. The persecution of patriotic figures was begun. Lumumba was arrested, sent to Katanga, and villainously murdered in January 1961. The patriots of the Congo did not cease the struggle for true independence. In July 1961 a parliament was created under their pressure, and a government headed by C. Adoula was formed, declaring its loyalty to Lumumba’s policies. However, under pressure from the imperialistic powers, the parliament was again dispersed, and repressions against the democratic forces were renewed. Under these conditions an armed insurrectional movement developed, the directing staff of which was the Conseil National de Liberation created in October 1963. In September 1964 the patriots proclaimed the People’s Republic of the Congo (PRC) with its capital at Stanleyville (since July 1966, Kisangani) and undertook measures to create organs of civilian authority and ensure the economic development of the PRC. Only the direct aggression of NATO’s forces (November 1964) against the PRC prevented the insurgents, weakened moreover by differences in the Conseil National, from gaining victory. In the beginning of July 1964 Adoula’s government was replaced by the proimperialist government of M. Tshombe, which existed until October 1965. The rivalry among the numerous political groups in the struggle for power was accompanied by a deterioration of the country’s economic condition, the plunder of its national wealth by foreign monopolies, and a decline in the standard of living.", "precise_score": -7.905660629272461, "rough_score": -9.104693412780762, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "On Nov. 24, 1965, the army took power into its hands. Its commander in chief, Lieutenant General Mobutu, was declared president of the republic (which, beginning in 1964, was called the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The army command dissolved the parliament, prohibited all political parties and public organizations, and carried out a number of administrative reforms aimed at consolidating the authority of the central government (the number of provinces was reduced from 22 to nine, the provincial assemblies were transformed into provincial councils with a deliberative vote, the governments of the provinces were abolished, and the executive power in the provinces was transferred to the governors).", "precise_score": -10.107475280761719, "rough_score": -9.227213859558105, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Mouvement Populaire de la Revolution (MPR) which was created in May 1967, became the governing and sole party. The existing trade unions were united into a single organization—the Union Nationale des Travailleurs Zairois (UNTZ) and the various youth and student societies were united into the youth section of the MPR. Lumumba was proclaimed a national hero, a pioneer in the struggle for independence who had fallen victim to an imperialist conspiracy. Encouraging the development of private national capital, the authorities took some measures to ensure the prerogatives of the state and to decrease its economic dependence on foreign capital (see below: Economic geography). Also realized were a number of socioeconomic measures (increasing the guaranteed minimum wage and allowances to large families, decreasing the salaries of provincial officials, granting women the right to vote). A monetary reform was implemented in 1967 (the new monetary unit, the zai’re, replaced the Congolese franc), which made it possible to improve somewhat the country’s financial situation. In accordance with the new constitution passed in 1967, a presidential form of government was introduced. At the end of 1970, Mobutu was elected president; parliamentary elections were held. On Oct. 27, 1971, the state assumed a new name—the Republic of Zaïre (Zaïre is the name for the Congo River, which was distorted by the Portuguese; Nzari and Mwanza in local languages).", "precise_score": -0.47827839851379395, "rough_score": 0.9188205003738403, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "This article is about the history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1965 and 1997. For the modern country, see Democratic Republic of the Congo . For other uses, see Zaire (disambiguation) .", "precise_score": -4.518712043762207, "rough_score": -4.695916175842285, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "¹ Renamed from \"Democratic Republic of the Congo\" (\"République démocratique du Congo\") on 27 October 1971", "precise_score": -2.355349063873291, "rough_score": -8.654183387756348, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Republic of Zaire (pronounced /zɑːˈɪər/; French : République du Zaïre [za.iʁ]) was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971 and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the Portuguese : Zaire, itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi, or \"the river that swallows all rivers\". [1]", "precise_score": 7.089458465576172, "rough_score": 5.987203598022461, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Known as the Belgian Congo up until its independence in June 1960, unrest and rebellion plagued the new government until 1965, when Lieutenant General Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , by then commander-in-chief of the national army, seized control of the country and declared himself president for five years during what is now called the Congo Crisis . Mobutu quickly consolidated his power and was elected unopposed as president in 1970.", "precise_score": -10.221829414367676, "rough_score": -8.353116035461426, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The doctrinal foundation was disclosed shortly after its birth, in the form of the Manifesto of N'Sele (so named because it was issued from the president's rural residence at N'Sele, sixty km upriver from Kinshasa), made public in May 1967. Nationalism, revolution, and authenticity were identified as the major themes of what came to be known as \" Mobutism \". Nationalism implied the achievement of economic independence. Revolution , described as a \"truly national revolution, essentially pragmatic,\" meant \"the repudiation of both capitalism and communism . \"Neither right nor left\" thus became one of the legitimizing slogans of the regime, along with \"authenticity.\" The concept of authenticity was derived from the MPR's professed doctrine of \"authentic Zairian nationalism and condemnation of regionalism and tribalism.\" Mobutu defined it as being conscious of one's own personality and one's own values and of being at home in one's culture. In line with the dictates of authenticity, the name of the country was changed to the Republic of Zaire in October 1971, and that of the armed forces to Zairian Armed Forces (Forces Armées Zaïroises—FAZ). This decision was curious, given that the name Congo, which referred both to the river Congo and to the ancient Kongo Empire , was fundamentally \"authentic\" to pre-colonial African roots, while Zaire is in fact a Portuguese corruption of another African word, Nzere (\"river\", by Nzadi o Nzere, \"the river that swallows all the other rivers\", another name of the Congo river). General Mobutu became Mobutu Sésé Seko and forced all his citizens to adopt African names and many cities were also renamed. Some of the conversions are as follows:", "precise_score": 0.4115550220012665, "rough_score": -1.3005462884902954, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "By 1996, tensions from the neighboring Rwanda war and genocide had spilled over to Zaire (see History of Rwanda ). Rwandan Hutu militia forces ( Interahamwe ), who had fled Rwanda following the ascension of an RPF -led government, had been using Hutu refugee camps in eastern Zaire as a basis for incursion against Rwanda. These Hutu militia forces soon allied with the Zairian armed forces (FAZ) to launch a campaign against Congolese ethnic Tutsis in eastern Zaire. In turn, these Tutsis formed a militia to defend themselves against attacks. When the Zairian government began to escalate its massacres in November 1996, the Tutsi militias erupted in rebellion against Mobutu, starting what would become known as the First Congo War .", "precise_score": -6.62215518951416, "rough_score": -5.998900890350342, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Tutsi militia was soon joined by various opposition groups and supported by several countries, including Rwanda and Uganda. This coalition, led by Laurent-Desire Kabila , became known as the Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre ( AFDL ). The AFDL, now seeking the broader goal of ousting Mobutu, made significant military gains in early 1997. Following failed peace talks between Mobutu and Kabila in May 1997, Mobutu fled the country, and Kabila marched unopposed to Kinshasa on May 20. Kabila named himself president, consolidated power around himself and the AFDL, and reverted the name of the country to the Democratic Republic of Congo .", "precise_score": -9.889517784118652, "rough_score": -8.458099365234375, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The country has formerly been known as Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo or Zaire. The country is also known as Congo-Kinshasa to distinguish it from its northern neighbor, the Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville).", "precise_score": -3.432729482650757, "rough_score": -5.327199935913086, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly known as Zaire) is considered risky at this time, and tourism is NOT recommended at this time. The country has had a tumultuous recent history. Congolese politics have been dominated by the civil war in neighbouring Rwanda , with the influx of refugees from that conflict adding to the factional disputes following Mobutu's overthrow. Active civil war has been taking place on Congolese territory since approximately 1998. Joseph Kabila has established a government of national unity; however, bitter divisions still exist nationwide, and the situation is unstable at this time.", "precise_score": -4.820672988891602, "rough_score": -4.888724327087402, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo gained independence from Belgium in 1960. From 1971 to 1997 the country was officially the Republic of Zaire, a change made by then ruler Gen. Mobutu Sese Seko to give the country what he thought was a more authentic African name. “Zaire” is a variation of a term meaning “great river” in local African languages; like the country’s current name, it refers to the Congo River , which drains a large basin that lies mostly in the republic. Unlike Zaire, however, the name Congo has origins in the colonial period, when Europeans identified the river with the kingdom of the Kongo people, who live near its mouth. Following the overthrow of Mobutu in 1997, the country’s name prior to 1971, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was reinstated. Congo subsequently was plunged into a devastating civil war; the conflict officially ended in 2003, although fighting continued in the eastern part of the country.", "precise_score": 1.8118505477905273, "rough_score": 3.1481363773345947, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "République du Zaïre [za.iʁ]) was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971, and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the", "precise_score": 5.672388076782227, "rough_score": 3.905308723449707, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Zaire, itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi, or \"the river that swallows all rivers\".", "precise_score": 0.6541053652763367, "rough_score": -4.86911678314209, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Known as the Belgian Congo up until its independence in June 1960, unrest and rebellion plagued the new government until 1965, when Lieutenant General Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, by then commander-in-chief of the national army, seized control of the country and declared himself president for five years during what is now called the Congo Crisis. Mobutu quickly consolidated his power and was elected unopposed as president in 1970.", "precise_score": -10.221829414367676, "rough_score": -8.353116035461426, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The doctrinal foundation was disclosed shortly after its birth, in the form of the Manifesto of N'Sele (so named because it was issued from the president's rural residence at N'Sele, sixty km upriver from Kinshasa), made public in May 1967. Nationalism, revolution, and authenticity were identified as the major themes of what came to be known as \"Mobutism\". Nationalism implied the achievement of economic independence. Revolution , described as a \"truly national revolution, essentially pragmatic,\" meant \"the repudiation of both capitalism and communism . \"Neither right nor left\" thus became one of the legitimizing slogans of the regime, along with \"authenticity.\" The concept of authenticity was derived from the MPR's professed doctrine of \"authentic Zairian nationalism and condemnation of regionalism and tribalism.\" Mobutu defined it as being conscious of one's own personality and one's own values and of being at home in one's culture. In line with the dictates of authenticity , the name of the country was changed to the Republic of Zaire in October 1971, and that of the armed forces to Zairian Armed Forces (Forces Armées Zaïroises—FAZ). This decision was curious, given that the name Congo, which referred both to the river Congo and to the ancient Kongo Empire, was fundamentally \"authentic\" to pre-colonial African roots, while Zaire is in fact a Portuguese corruption of another African word, Nzere (\"river\", by Nzadi o Nzere, \"the river that swallows all the other rivers\", another name of the Congo river). General Mobutu became Mobutu Sésé Seko and forced all his citizens to adopt African names and many cities were also renamed. Some of the conversions are as follows:", "precise_score": 0.4115550220012665, "rough_score": -1.3005462884902954, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "By 1996, tensions from the neighboring Rwanda war and genocide had spilled over to Zaire (see History of Rwanda). Rwandan Hutu militia forces ( Interahamwe ), who had fled Rwanda following the ascension of an RPF-led government, had been using Hutu refugee camps in eastern Zaire as a basis for incursion against Rwanda. These Hutu militia forces soon allied with the Zairian armed forces (FAZ) to launch a campaign against Congolese ethnic Tutsis in eastern Zaire. In turn, these Tutsis formed a militia to defend themselves against attacks. When the Zairian government began to escalate its massacres in November 1996, the Tutsi militias erupted in rebellion against Mobutu, starting what would become known as the First Congo War.", "precise_score": -6.62215518951416, "rough_score": -5.998900890350342, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Tutsi militia was soon joined by various opposition groups and supported by several countries, including Rwanda and Uganda. This coalition, led by Laurent-Desire Kabila, became known as the Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre (AFDL). The AFDL, now seeking the broader goal of ousting Mobutu, made significant military gains in early 1997. Following failed peace talks between Mobutu and Kabila in May 1997, Mobutu fled the country, and Kabila marched unopposed to Kinshasa on 20 May. Kabila named himself president, consolidated power around himself and the AFDL, and reverted the name of the country to the Democratic Republic of Congo.", "precise_score": -9.943411827087402, "rough_score": -8.462230682373047, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Republic of Zaïre (République du Zaïre). Prior to 1971, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "precise_score": 0.6551120281219482, "rough_score": 2.7201220989227295, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Zaïre is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by the People’s Republic of the Congo on the west; the Central African Republic on the northwest and north; the Sudan on the northeast; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania on the east; Zambia on the southeast and south; and Angola on the southwest. It has an outlet in the west to the Atlantic Ocean through a narrow strip along the right bank of the estuary of the Zaïre (Congo) River (the coastline measures 40 km). Zaïre occupies an area of 2,345,400 sq km and has a population of 22.5 million (1971, estimate according to data of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, New York, March 1972). The capital is Kinshasa.", "precise_score": 1.7617210149765015, "rough_score": 2.8620548248291016, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Zaïre lies in the Central Basin (or Congo depression) and its regional rises in the equatorial and subequatorial belts of the northern and southern hemispheres.", "precise_score": -2.062760829925537, "rough_score": -3.8495283126831055, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Peoples of the Bantu linguistic group constitute about 85 percent of the population (1969, estimate). The most numerous are the Bakongo, who inhabit the lower reaches of the Zaïre River. To the east of them live the Mongo and the closely related Tetela (Batetela), Lengola, and Lokele; along the middle reaches of the Zaïre River live the Bangala and the Babangi, Ngombe, and other people closely related to the Bangala. The environs of the city of Kinshasa are inhabited by the Bateke, among others; the Babwa, Barega, and other tribes live in the vicinity of the city of Kisangani. The Banyaruanda, Barundi, and Bakonjo live in the east; the southern part of the country is inhabited by the Baluba and Bemba. The northern regions are inhabited by peoples speaking the languages of central and eastern Sudan: the Azande and the Moru-Mangbetu group of people (small tribes of pygmies in the Ituri River basin also speak the languages of the latter). On the border with Uganda and the Sudan live the Alur, Bari, and other peoples, whose languages belong to the Nilotic family. There are between 40,000 and 50,000 Europeans in the country (1967, estimate). About 52 percent of the people follow local traditional religious beliefs, 45 percent are Christians (primarily Catholic), about 300,000 are Muslim, and about 1,500 are Jewish. The official language is French, and the official calendar is the Gregorian calendar.", "precise_score": -3.3475942611694336, "rough_score": -4.463454246520996, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Farming was the main occupation of the population from the most ancient times; the breeding of small stock, primarily goats, played a considerably lesser role. The main agricultural crops were sorghum, millet, and the oil palm; since the middle of the 16th century cultivated plants introduced from America have become widespread: manioc, maize (corn), and sweet potato. Copper was mined in the southern regions (the territory of present-day Shaba province); copper bars of varying size and shape were used as a unit of exchange. It is probable that one of the oldest centers of metallurgy in Africa existed in the southern part of the country. It is not known when the working of metals developed, but it is quite likely that iron metallurgy existed here already at the end of the first millennium A.D. Property inequality existed among the peoples that belonged to the Bantu language group and formed the bulk of Zaïre’s population long before the arrival of Europeans; class relations had already begun to develop and state formations had arisen (the history of whose origin is legendary and usually connected with mythical heroes): in the lower reaches of the Zaïre River were the Kongo, Kakongo, Matamba, and Ndongo kingdoms; in the middle of the country were the Kuba (or Bushongo), Teke (or Tyo), and Bolia states; in the upper reaches of the Kasai, Lulua, and Lomami rivers were the Luba and Lunda kingdoms. One of the oldest was the Kongo Kingdom, which arose around the 14th century. Some slave-owning and feudal traditions, which developed as a result of the local conditions simultaneously and parallel to each other, were intermixed in the early class states with vestiges of the primitive communal system. The intensification of the contradictions among the nobility, the free farmer-community members, and the slaves led to social conflicts, which were manifested in popular uprisings, evasion of the payment of taxes, and the like. The Portuguese appeared at the mouth of the Zaïre River at the end of the 15th century. They attempted to gain a foothold here and transform the river basin into a permanent source of slaves for export to America (between the 15th and 19th centuries, at least 10 million slaves were exported). The Europeans encountered stubborn resistance on the part of the local population. The revolts of the Africans were directed not only against the Europeans but frequently against the local nobility, which sought an alliance with the colonizers in order to strengthen their positions. In 1491 a major uprising of the people of the Kongo Kingdom, brought about by the forced Christianization that followed the baptism of the Kongo ruler and the nobility, was suppressed by the combined efforts of the troops of the ruler and the Portuguese. A rebellion led by Mboula Matadi (the 1570’s and 1580’s) resulted in some restriction of Portuguese activities. An anti-European colonialist movement, known as the Antonian heresy, developed between 1703 and 1709. The internecine struggle and the Portuguese slave trade greatly weakened the states of the Zaïre River basin. At the beginning of the 19th century, there were many small kingdoms in what is now Zaïre, which succeeded in preserving their independence until the last quarter of the 19th century.", "precise_score": -5.4861040115356445, "rough_score": -8.117999076843262, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Colonial period (last quarter of the 19th century to 1960). In the last quarter of the 19th century the territory of Zaïre became the object of rivalry of the colonial powers. In 1876 the Belgian king Leopold II organized the so-called African International Association under his chairmanship. Under its cover, the king’s emissaries (travelers, officers, missionaries) imposed unilateral agreements on the local tribal chiefs. Taking advantage of the contradictions between Great Britain, France, Germany, and the USA, Leopold II established control over a vast territory. The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 recognized Leopold II as sovereign of the seized territory, which acquired the name the Congo Free State. The subjugation of the local population by the Belgians was completed in ten years and was accompanied by bloody massacres. In spite of the disunity of the Africans, the Europeans frequently suffered crushing defeats. No less than 30 armed clashes alone are known in the last quarter of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century (the largest were the uprisings of the Tetela in 1890–92 and 1895–96, which were suppressed as a result of the large-scale military expeditions of Belgian forces, and the rebellion of 1897–1900, which led to the loss from the Congo Free State of a vast territory between Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika for a long time). The rebellion of the Tetela, which broke out in 1901, rocked the entire southern part of the country and was finally suppressed only after seven years. Punitive expeditions were also instituted against the Azande, Baluba, Basongo, Lunda, and others. A reign of the armed pillage of the populace prevailed in the country as well as parasitic plunder of the natural resources most accessible to exploitation. The authorities annihilated the local inhabitants, burned villages, and lay waste to entire regions for failure to deliver ivory, rubber, and produce and for refusing to fulfill the labor conscription.", "precise_score": -6.1270012855529785, "rough_score": -5.59592866897583, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1908, for a large compensation, Leopold II transferred the Congo Free State to the control of Belgium; it officially became a Belgian colony under the name of the Belgian Congo. A system of the cruelest exploitation led to a decrease in the population from 30 million in 1884 to 15 million in 1915. By the colonial charter of 1908, all authority in the country was transferred to the governor-general, who represented the Belgian parliament, government, and king. After World War I (1914–18) the monopolistic groups of Belgium, Great Britain, and the USA intensified the exploitation of the Belgian Congo’s natural resources. The exploitation of minerals was accompanied by the development of the export branches of agriculture, the mining and manufacturing industries, transportation, and power. The establishment of these branches of the economy enabled a working class to emerge in Zaïre, the major regions of whose concentration became the industrially developed provinces of Katanga (since 1972 called Shaba) and Kivu and the city of Léopoldville (since 1966, Kinshasa). Along with the widespread passive means of resistance against the European colonizers during these years (sabotage, failure to report to work, desertion) peasant uprisings and mutinies broke out in various regions. The uprisings of the peasants of Kivu in 1919–23 were suppressed with extreme brutality. One form of the anticolonial struggle was the religious and political movements and sects, in which various strata of the population took part. Of wide scope from the 1920’s to the 1950’s were the movement of the supporters of S. Kimbangu, which advanced the slogan “The Congo for the Congolese”; the activities of the secret societies of the “leopard men,” which called upon Africans “to take the reins of government of the country into their hands”; and the sect of Adventists of Kitawala, whose social support was the unskilled workers of the mining industries of the southern part of the Belgian Congo. The members of this sect advanced the slogans “Africa for the Africans” and “Equality of the races—equal pay for equal work.”", "precise_score": -7.677021026611328, "rough_score": -9.339950561523438, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "During World War II (1939–45) the USA and Great Britain exported strategic raw materials from the Belgian Congo (copper, tin, cobalt, zinc, uranium). After the war the Belgian government undertook the so-called Ten-Year Plan for the Economic and Social Development of the Belgian Congo (1950–60), during whose fulfillment the exploitation of the country, which had been transformed into a strategic military base of operations for NATO in Central Africa, was intensified. The anticolonial movement assumed the greatest organization in the 1940’s and particularly in the 1950’s. The African proletariat introduced a new form of struggle— strikes—the largest of which occurred in 1941 and 1953 in Katanga and in 1944, 1945, and at the beginning of the 1950’s in Léopoldville. The strike at the port of Matadi in 1945 grew into an armed uprising (supported by the peasants of the nearby villages), which was suppressed with difficulty by military troops. In 1946 the Africans secured the right to form trade unions. At the beginning of the 1950’s major cultural and educational organizations appeared, which played an important role in forming the national self-consciousness of the Africans. In the mid-1950’s these organizations openly demanded in the press that the Belgian Congo be granted independence (manifestos of the group Conscience Africaine and the Association des Bakongo, the appeal of public figures to the minister of colonies, and other documents). As the liberation movement intensified, the cultural educational organizations developed into political parties: the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), (founded in 1958), Alliance des Bakongo (Abako; founded in 1950 as the cultural and educational Association des Bakongo; in 1959 it was transformed into a party), the Parti Solidaire Africain (founded in 1959), the Confédération des Associations Tribales du Katanga (Conakat; founded in 1959; in 1965 it became part of the Convention Nationale Congolaise, founded in 1965). The largest party was the MNC led by Patrice Lumumba.", "precise_score": -10.06654167175293, "rough_score": -8.686766624450684, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1959 was a critical year in the struggle for independence. The participation of the urban and rural masses in the national liberation movement under the slogan “Independence in 1959’ decided the outcome of the struggle. The attempts of the ruling circles in Belgium to slow down the anticolonial movement by terror and partial reforms failed. On the demand of the bloc of progressive parties headed by the MNC, Belgium was forced to announce its agreement to grant the Belgian Congo independence at a round-table conference in Brussels in January-February 1960.", "precise_score": -11.05366325378418, "rough_score": -9.911619186401367, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "After the achievement of independence. On June 30, 1960, the Belgian Congo was declared the independent Republic of the Congo. The government was headed by Lumumba, since the MNC and the parties forming a bloc with it had received the majority of votes in the parliamentary elections that May. J. Kasavubu was elected president. In September 1960 the Republic of the Congo became a member of the United Nations. The imperialistic powers, using the differences between the leaders representing not only different peoples but also different social strata of the society, sabotaged all the economic and political measures of the republic’s government. An outflow of foreign capital and specialists from the Congo began; in July-August 1960 the country’s two most economically developed provinces were torn away. Katanga (reunited in 1963) and Kasai (reunited in 1962); a mutiny was organized in the army. In July 1960, Belgian forces were brought into the country under the pretense of defending the lives and property of the Europeans. In September 1960 the national government was removed from power with the connivance of the administration and the UN forces, which were summoned into the country by Lumumba in order to repulse the Belgian aggression. The persecution of patriotic figures was begun. Lumumba was arrested, sent to Katanga, and villainously murdered in January 1961. The patriots of the Congo did not cease the struggle for true independence. In July 1961 a parliament was created under their pressure, and a government headed by C. Adoula was formed, declaring its loyalty to Lumumba’s policies. However, under pressure from the imperialistic powers, the parliament was again dispersed, and repressions against the democratic forces were renewed. Under these conditions an armed insurrectional movement developed, the directing staff of which was the Conseil National de Liberation created in October 1963. In September 1964 the patriots proclaimed the People’s Republic of the Congo (PRC) with its capital at Stanleyville (since July 1966, Kisangani) and undertook measures to create organs of civilian authority and ensure the economic development of the PRC. Only the direct aggression of NATO’s forces (November 1964) against the PRC prevented the insurgents, weakened moreover by differences in the Conseil National, from gaining victory. In the beginning of July 1964 Adoula’s government was replaced by the proimperialist government of M. Tshombe, which existed until October 1965. The rivalry among the numerous political groups in the struggle for power was accompanied by a deterioration of the country’s economic condition, the plunder of its national wealth by foreign monopolies, and a decline in the standard of living.", "precise_score": -7.905660152435303, "rough_score": -9.104693412780762, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "On Nov. 24, 1965, the army took power into its hands. Its commander in chief, Lieutenant General Mobutu, was declared president of the republic (which, beginning in 1964, was called the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The army command dissolved the parliament, prohibited all political parties and public organizations, and carried out a number of administrative reforms aimed at consolidating the authority of the central government (the number of provinces was reduced from 22 to nine, the provincial assemblies were transformed into provincial councils with a deliberative vote, the governments of the provinces were abolished, and the executive power in the provinces was transferred to the governors).", "precise_score": -10.107475280761719, "rough_score": -9.227213859558105, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Mouvement Populaire de la Revolution (MPR) which was created in May 1967, became the governing and sole party. The existing trade unions were united into a single organization—the Union Nationale des Travailleurs Zairois (UNTZ) and the various youth and student societies were united into the youth section of the MPR. Lumumba was proclaimed a national hero, a pioneer in the struggle for independence who had fallen victim to an imperialist conspiracy. Encouraging the development of private national capital, the authorities took some measures to ensure the prerogatives of the state and to decrease its economic dependence on foreign capital (see below: Economic geography). Also realized were a number of socioeconomic measures (increasing the guaranteed minimum wage and allowances to large families, decreasing the salaries of provincial officials, granting women the right to vote). A monetary reform was implemented in 1967 (the new monetary unit, the zai’re, replaced the Congolese franc), which made it possible to improve somewhat the country’s financial situation. In accordance with the new constitution passed in 1967, a presidential form of government was introduced. At the end of 1970, Mobutu was elected president; parliamentary elections were held. On Oct. 27, 1971, the state assumed a new name—the Republic of Zaïre (Zaïre is the name for the Congo River, which was distorted by the Portuguese; Nzari and Mwanza in local languages).", "precise_score": -0.4782784581184387, "rough_score": 0.9188205003738403, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo-Chambeshi river has an overall length of 4700 km, which makes it the ninth longest river (in terms of discharge, the Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, Lualaba being the name of the Congo River upstream of the Boyoma Falls, extending for 1,800 km).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.754524230957031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Measured along the Lualaba, the Congo River has a total length of 4370 km. It crosses the equator twice.Forbath, Peter. The River Congo (1979), p. 6. \"Not until it crosses the equator will it at last turn away from this misleading course and, describing a remarkable counter-clockwise arc first to the west and then to the southwest, flow back across the equator and on down to the Atlantic.In this the Congo is exceptional. No other major river in the world crosses the equator even once, let alone twice.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.998526573181152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4 million km2, or 13% of the entire African landmass.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.513903617858887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The name River Congo originated from the Kingdom of Kongo which was located on the southern bank of the river. The kingdom in turn is named South of the Kongo kingdom proper lay the similarly named Kakongo kingdom, mentioned in 1535.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.444936752319336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Abraham Ortelius in his world map of 1564 labels as Manicongo the city at the mouth of the river. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.101764678955078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The tribal names in kongo possibly derive from a word for a public gathering or tribal assembly. Little is known about the peoples of the inner Congo, but \"It is probable that the word 'Kongo' itself implies a public gathering and that it is based on the root konga, 'to gather' (trans[itive]).\" \"The usual interpretations, admittedly unsatisfactory (Laman, 1953, p. 10), make the mistake of being too concrete; for example, they may claim that \"Kongo\" comes from n'kongo ('hunter')\". The modern name of the Kongo people or Bakongo was introduced in the early 20th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.237500190734863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo are named after it, as was the previous Republic of the Congo which had gained independence in 1960 from the Belgian Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.0611572265625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo's drainage basin covers 4014500 km2. The Congo's discharge at its mouth ranges from 23000 to, with an average of 41000 m3/s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.454926490783691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The river and its tributaries flow through the Congo rainforest, the second largest rain forest area in the world, second only to the Amazon Rainforest in South America. The river also has the second-largest flow in the world, behind the Amazon; the third-largest drainage basin of any river, behind the Amazon and Plate rivers; and is one of the deepest rivers in the world, at depths greater than 220 m. Because its drainage basin includes areas both north and south of the equator, its flow is stable, as there is always at least one part of the river experiencing a rainy season. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.149209022521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The sources of the Congo are in the highlands and mountains of the East African Rift, as well as Lake Tanganyika and Lake Mweru, which feed the Lualaba River, which then becomes the Congo below Boyoma Falls. The Chambeshi River in Zambia is generally taken as the source of the Congo in line with the accepted practice worldwide of using the longest tributary, as with the Nile River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199172019958496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo flows generally toward the northwest from Kisangani just below the Boyoma falls, then gradually bends southwestwards, passing by Mbandaka, joining with the Ubangi River, and running into the Pool Malebo (Stanley Pool). Kinshasa (formerly Léopoldville) and Brazzaville are on opposite sides of the river at the Pool, where the river narrows and falls through a number of cataracts in deep canyons (collectively known as the Livingstone Falls), running by Matadi and Boma, and into the sea at the small town of Muanda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03483772277832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo River Basin is one of the distinct physiographic sections of the larger Mid-African province, which in turn is part of the larger African massive physiographic division.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.899431228637695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": ";Lower Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26875114440918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": ";Middle Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261129379272461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": ";Upper Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215631484985352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Upstream of Boyoma Falls near Kisangani, the river Congo is known as the Lualaba River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8578519821167, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Although the Livingstone Falls prevent access from the sea, nearly the entire Congo above them is readily navigable in sections, especially between Kinshasa and Kisangani. Large river steamers worked the river until quite recently. The Congo River still is a lifeline in a land with few roads or railways. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.288788795471191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Railways now bypass the three major falls, and much of the trade of Central Africa passes along the river, including copper, palm oil (as kernels), sugar, coffee, and cotton. The river is also potentially valuable for hydroelectric power, and the Inga Dams below Pool Malebo are first to exploit the Congo river.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304545402526855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo River is the most powerful river in Africa. During the rainy season over 50000 m3 of water per second flow into the Atlantic Ocean. Opportunities for the Congo River and its tributaries to generate hydropower are therefore enormous. Scientists have calculated that the entire Congo Basin accounts for 13 percent of global hydropower potential. This would provide sufficient power for all of sub-Saharan Africa's electricity needs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.189773559570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Currently there are about forty hydropower plants in the Congo Basin. The largest is the Inga Falls dam, about 200 km southwest of Kinshasa. The project was launched in the early 1970s, when the first dam was completed. The plan as originally conceived called for the construction of five dams that would have had a total generating capacity of 34,500 megawatts. To date only two dams have been built, which are the Inga I and Inga II, with a total of fourteen turbines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.001773834228516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The current course of the Congo River formed 1.5-2 million years BP, during the Pleistocene. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988150596618652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo's formation may have led to the allopatric speciation of the bonobo and the common chimpanzee from their most recent common ancestor. The bonobo is endemic to the humid forests in the region, as are other iconic species like the Allen's swamp monkey, dryas monkey, aquatic genet, okapi and Congo peafowl. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.442706108093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In terms of aquatic life, the Congo River Basin has a very high species richness, and among the highest known concentrations of endemics. Until now, almost 700 fish species have been recorded from the Congo River Basin, and large sections remain virtually unstudied.Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.249086380004883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "535 Sudanic Congo – Oubangi.] Accessed 2 May 2011. Due to this and the great ecological differences between the regions in the basin, it is often divided into multiple ecoregions (instead of treating it as a single ecoregion). Among these ecoregions, the Lower Congo Rapids alone has more than 300 fish species, including approximately 80 endemics while the southwestern part (Kasai Basin) alone has more than 200 fish species, of which about a quarter are endemic.Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco546 Kasai.] Accessed 2 May 2011. The dominant fish families – at least in parts of the river – are Cyprinidae (carp/cyprinids, such as Labeo simpsoni), Mormyridae (elephantfishes), Alestidae (African tetras), Mochokidae (squeaker catfishes), and Cichlidae (cichlids).Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco545 Upper Lualaba.] Accessed 2 May 2011. Among the natives in the river is the huge, highly carnivorous giant tigerfish. Two of the more unusual endemic cichlids are the whitish (non-pigmented) and blind Lamprologus lethops, which is believed to live as deep as 160 m below the surface, and Heterochromis multidens, which appears to be more closely related to cichlids of the Americas than other Africa cichlid. There are also numerous endemic frogs and snails.Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco549 Lower Congo Rapids.] Accessed 2 May 2011. Several hydroelectric dams are planned on the river, and these may lead to the extinction of many of the endemics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.176018714904785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Several species of turtles, and the slender-snouted, Nile and dwarf crocodile are native to the Congo River Basin. African manatees inhabit the lower parts of the river. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.086200714111328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The entire Congo basin is populated by Bantu peoples, divided into several hundred ethnic or tribal groups (see ethnic groups of the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Bantu expansion is estimated to have reached the Middle Congo by about 500 BC, and the Upper Congo by the beginning of the Common Era. Remnants of the aboriginal population displaced by the Bantu migration, Pygmies/Abatwa of the Ubangian phylum, remain in the remote forest areas of the Congo basin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.383417129516602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Kingdom of Kongo was formed around 1400 on the left banks of the lower Congo River. Its territorial control along the river remained limited to what corresponds to the modern Bas-Congo province. European exploration of the Congo begins in 1482, when Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão discovered the river estuary (likely in August 1482), which he marked by a Padrão, or stone pillar (still existing, but only in fragments) erected on Shark Point. Cão also sailed up the river for a short distance, establishing contact with the Kingdom of Congo. The full course of the river remained unknown throughout the early modern period. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.58881664276123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The upper Congo basin runs west of the Albertine Rift. Its connection to the Congo was unknown until 1877.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.164938926696777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The extreme northeast of the Congo basin was reached by the Nilotic expansion at some point between the 15th and 18th centuries, by the ancestors of the Southern Luo speaking Alur people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220903396606445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The middle reaches of the Congo remained unexplored from either the east or west, until Henry Morton Stanley's expedition of 1876-77.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.258766174316406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "whether the Lualaba River fed the Nile (Livingstone's theory), the Congo or even the Niger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.107159614562988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "From this point, the tribes were no longer cannibals, but possessed firearms, apparently as a result of Portuguese influence. Some four weeks and later he reached Stanley Pool (now Pool Malebo), the site of the present day cities Kinshasa and Brazzaville. Further downstream were the Livingstone Falls, misnamed as Livingstone had never been on the Congo: a series of 32 falls and rapids with a fall of over .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333782196044922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Kinshasa was founded as a trading post by Stanley in 1881 and named Léopoldville in honour of Leopold II of Belgium. The Congo basin was claimed by Belgium as Congo Free State in 1885.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143527030944824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* Henry Morton Stanley documented his journey down the Congo River in Through the Dark Continent, first published in 1878. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.017782211303711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness (1899) tells Charles Marlow's life as an ivory transporter down the Congo River in Central Africa. The river is \"a mighty big river, that you could see on the map, resembling an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country, and its tail lost in the depths of the land\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.714362144470215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* American poet Vachel Lindsay portrayed a dark and savage society around the Congo River in his 1914 poem The Congo: A Study of the Negro Race.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.135051727294922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* The Congo is mentioned in Langston Hughes's poem \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\" (1921).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.054277420043945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* Both Congo River and basin form the setting of Hoity Toity (1930), a science fiction novel by Soviet writer Alexander Belyayev.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.78853988647461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* The Congo River is featured in a chapter of Michael Crichton's novel Congo (published in 1980), as well as in the 1995 film based on the book.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.118707656860352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* The Congo River is featured in the action film Congo (1995), by director Frank Marshall, although it is not mentioned by name in the film. The film is based on the 1980 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.95010757446289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* British author Redmond O'Hanlon has a travelogue published by Penguin Books under the title of Congo Journey (1996).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463890075683594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* The Congo River and the Democratic Republic of Congo are the scenario for the book Blood River (2007) by journalist Tim Butcher, based on his travels on the river.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215752601623535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* The Congo River is a central element in the novel by Mario Vargas Llosa El sueño del celta (The Dream of the Celt, 2010), a fictionalisation of episodes in the life of the Irishman Roger Casement. The book is to be published in English in 2012.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.722443580627441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* Phil Harwood's book \"Canoeing the Congo\" and amateur film \"Mazungu Canoeing the Congo\" document his five-month solo journey by Canadian canoe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474638938903809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Congo River" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congolese Civil Wars, which began in 1996, brought about the end of Mobutu Sese Seko's 32-year reign and devastated the country. The wars ultimately involved nine African nations, multiple groups of UN peacekeepers and twenty armed groups, and resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339967727661133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of Congo is extremely rich in natural resources, but political instability, a lack of infrastructure, deep rooted corruption, and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation have limited holistic development. Besides the capital, Kinshasa, the other major cities, Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi, are both mining communities. DR Congo's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of DRC's exports in 2012. , according to the Human Development Index (HDI), DR Congo has a low level of human development, ranking 176 out of 187 countries. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.492156028747559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The area now known as the DR Congo was populated as early as 80,000 years ago, as shown by the 1988 discovery of the Semliki harpoon at Katanda, one of the oldest barbed harpoons ever found, believed to have been used to catch giant river catfish. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.23719596862793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo Free State (1877–1908)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.278648376464844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Belgian exploration and administration took place from the 1870s until the 1920s. It was first led by Sir Henry Morton Stanley, who undertook his explorations under the sponsorship of King Leopold II of Belgium. The eastern regions of the precolonial Congo were heavily disrupted by constant slave raiding, mainly from Arab–Swahili slave traders such as the infamous Tippu Tip, who was well known to Stanley. Leopold had designs on what was to become the Congo as a colony. In a succession of negotiations, Leopold, professing humanitarian objectives in his capacity as chairman of the front organization Association Internationale Africaine, actually played one European rival against another. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.131872177124023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Conference of Berlin in 1885 and made the land his private property. He named it the Congo Free State. Leopold's rėgime began various infrastructure projects, such as construction of the railway that ran from the coast to the capital of Leopoldville (now Kinshasa), which took eight years to complete. Nearly all such infrastructure projects were aimed at making it easier to increase the assets which Leopold and his associates could extract from the colony.Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold's Ghost, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999; ISBN 0-547-52573-7", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.146817207336426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "During the period of 1885–1908, millions of Congolese died as a consequence of exploitation and disease. In some areas the population declined dramatically – it has been estimated that sleeping sickness and smallpox killed nearly half the population in the areas surrounding the lower Congo River. A government commission later concluded that the population of the Congo had been \"reduced by half\" during this period, but determining precisely how many people died is impossible, as no accurate records exist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234783172607422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Belgian Congo (1908–60)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.230929374694824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1908, the Belgian parliament, despite initial reluctance, bowed to international pressure, especially from the United Kingdom, and took over the Free State from King Leopold II. On 18 October 1908, the Belgian parliament voted in favour of annexing the Congo as a Belgian colony. Executive power rested with the Belgian Minister of Colonial Affairs, assisted by a Colonial Council (Conseil Colonial) (both located in Brussels) and the Belgian parliament exercised legislative authority over the Belgian Congo. In 1926, the colonial capital moved from Boma to Léopoldville, some 300 km further upstream into the interior.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.38879680633545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The transition from the Congo Free State to the Belgian Congo was a break but it was also marked by a large degree of continuity. The last Governor-general of the Congo Free State, Baron Wahis, remained in office in the Belgian Congo and the majority of Leopold II’s administration with him. Opening up the Congo and its natural and mineral riches for the Belgian economy remained the main motive for colonial expansion – however, other priorities, such as healthcare and basic education, slowly gained in importance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393009185791016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Colonial administrators ruled the territory and a dual legal system existed (a system of European courts and one of indigenous courts, tribunaux indigènes). Indigenous courts had only limited powers and remained under the firm control of the colonial administration. In 1936 it was recorded that there were 728 Belgian administrators controlling the Colony. No political activity was permitted in the Congo whatsoever and the Force Publique, a locally-recruited army under Belgian command, put down any attempts at rebellion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333321571350098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Belgian Congo was directly involved in the two world wars. During World War I, an initial stand-off between the Force Publique and the German colonial army in German East Africa (Tanganyika) turned into open warfare with a joint Anglo-Belgian invasion of German colonial territory in 1916 and 1917 during the East African Campaign. The Force Publique gained a notable victory when it marched into Tabora in September 1916, under the command of General Charles Tombeur after heavy fighting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.160209655761719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "After the war, Belgium was rewarded for the participation of the Force Publique in the East African campaign with a League of Nations mandate over the previously German colony of Ruanda-Urundi. During World War II, the Belgian Congo was a crucial source of income for the Belgian government in exile in London, and the Force Publique again participated in Allied campaigns in Africa. Belgian Congolese forces under the command of Belgian officers notably fought against the Italian colonial army in Ethiopia in Asosa, Bortaï and Saïo under Major-General Auguste-Eduard Gilliaert during the second East African Campaign.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.347604751586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In May 1960, a growing nationalist movement, the Mouvement National Congolais or MNC Party, led by Patrice Lumumba, won the parliamentary elections. Patrice Lumumba thus became the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The parliament elected as President Joseph Kasavubu, of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) party. Other parties that emerged included the Parti Solidaire Africain (or PSA) led by Antoine Gizenga, and the Parti National du Peuple (or PNP) led by Albert Delvaux and Laurent Mbariko. (Congo 1960, dossiers du CRISP, Belgium).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.93759536743164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name \"République du Congo\" (\"Republic of Congo\" or \"Republic of the Congo\" in English). Shortly after independence, the provinces of Katanga (led by Moise Tshombe) and South Kasai engaged in secessionist struggles against the new leadership. Most of the 100,000 Europeans who had remained behind after independence fled the country, opening the way for Congolese to replace the European military and administrative elite. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.751859664916992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "As the neighboring French colony of Middle Congo (Moyen Congo) also chose the name \"Republic of Congo\" upon achieving its independence, the two countries were more commonly known as \"Congo-Léopoldville\" and \"Congo-Brazzaville\", after their capital cities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136367797851562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In a campaign to identify himself with African nationalism, starting on 1 June 1966, Mobutu renamed the nation's cities: Léopoldville became Kinshasa [the country was now Democratic Republic of The Congo – Kinshasa], Stanleyville became Kisangani, Elisabethville became Lubumbashi, and Coquilhatville became Mbandaka. This renaming campaign was completed in the 1970s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.5922269821167, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Kabila later requested that foreign military forces return to their own countries—he had concerns that the Rwandan officers running his army were plotting a coup to give the presidency to a Tutsi who would report directly to the Rwandan president, Paul Kagame. Rwandan troops retreated to Goma and launched a new Tutsi-led rebel military movement called the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Democratie (RCD) to fight against Kabila, while Uganda instigated the creation of new rebel movement called the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC), led by the Congolese warlord Jean-Pierre Bemba. The two rebel movements, along with Rwandan and Ugandan troops, started the Second Congo War by attacking the DRC army in 1998. Angolan, Zimbabwean and Namibian militaries entered the hostilities on the side of the government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.971424102783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Kabila was assassinated in 2001. His son Joseph Kabila succeeded him and called for multilateral peace-talks. UN peacekeepers, MONUC, now known as MONUSCO, arrived in April 2001. In 2002 and 2003 Bemba intervened in the Central African Republic on behalf of its former president, Ange-Félix Patassé. Talks led to the signing of a peace accord in which Kabila would share power with former rebels. By June 2003 all foreign armies except those of Rwanda had pulled out of Congo. A transitional government was set up until the election was over. A constitution was approved by voters, and on 30 July 2006 DRC held its first multi-party elections. An election-result dispute between Kabila and Jean-Pierre Bemba turned into an all-out battle between their supporters in the streets of Kinshasa. MONUC took control of the city. A new election took place in October 2006, which Kabila won, and on December 2006 he was sworn in as President.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.921628952026367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Additionally, in northern Katanga, the Mai-Mai created by Laurent Kabila slipped out of the control of Kinshasa with Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga's Mai Mai Kata Katanga briefly invading the provincial capital of Lubumbashi in 2013 and 400,000 persons displaced in the province . On and off fighting in the Ituri conflict occurred between the Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI) and the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) who claimed to represent the Lendu and Hema ethnic groups, respectively. In the northeast, Joseph Kony's LRA moved from their original bases in Uganda and South Sudan to DR Congo in 2005 and set up camps in the Garamba National Park. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.279646873474121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 2009 people in the Congo continued to die at a rate of an estimated 45,000 per month  – estimates of the number who have died from the long conflict range from 900,000 to 5,400,000. The death toll is due to widespread disease and famine; reports indicate that almost half of the individuals who have died are children under five years of age. There have been frequent reports of weapon bearers killing civilians, of the destruction of property, of widespread sexual violence,[http://ihl.ihlresearch.org/index.cfm?fuseactionpage.viewpage&pageid", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.507757186889648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "2104 \"IHL and Sexual Violence\"]. The Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research. causing hundreds of thousands of people to flee their homes, and of other breaches of humanitarian and human rights law. One study found that more than 400,000 women are raped in the Democratic Republic of Congo every year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.511372566223145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 2015 major protests broke out across the country and protesters demanded that Joseph Kabila step down as President. The protests began after the passage of a law by the Congolese lower house that, if also passed by the Congolese upper house, would keep Kabila in power at least until a national census was conducted (a process which would likely take several years and therefore keep him in power past the planned 2016 elections, which he is constitutionally barred from participating in).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.422990798950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "This bill passed; however, it was gutted of the provision that would keep Joseph Kabila in power until a census took place. A census is supposed to take place, but it is no longer tied to when the elections take place. elections are scheduled for late 2016 and a tenuous peace holds over the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.50406551361084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is located in central sub-Saharan Africa, bounded by (clockwise from the southwest) Angola, the South Atlantic Ocean, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania across Lake Tanganyika, and Zambia. The country lies between latitudes 6°N and 14°S, and longitudes 12° and 32°E. It straddles the Equator, with one-third to the North and two-thirds to the South. The size of Congo, 2345408 km2, is slightly greater than the combined areas of Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Norway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.116982460021973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "As a result of its equatorial location, the DRC experiences high precipitation and has the highest frequency of thunderstorms in the world. The annual rainfall can total upwards of 2000 mm in some places, and the area sustains the Congo Rainforest, the second-largest rain forest in the world after the Amazon. This massive expanse of lush jungle covers most of the vast, low-lying central basin of the river, which slopes toward the Atlantic Ocean in the west. This area is surrounded by plateaus merging into savannas in the south and southwest, by mountainous terraces in the west, and dense grasslands extending beyond the Congo River in the north. High, glaciated mountains (Rwenzori Mountains) are found in the extreme eastern region. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2144193649292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The tropical climate also produced the Congo River system which dominates the region topographically along with the rainforest it flows through, though they are not mutually exclusive. The name for the Congo state is derived in part from the river. The river basin (meaning the Congo River and all of its myriad tributaries) occupies nearly the entire country and an area of nearly 1000000 km2. The river and its tributaries form the backbone of Congolese economics and transportation. Major tributaries include the Kasai, Sangha, Ubangi, Ruzizi, Aruwimi, and Lulonga.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.09736156463623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The sources of the Congo are in the Albertine Rift Mountains that flank the western branch of the East African Rift, as well as Lake Tanganyika and Lake Mweru. The river flows generally west from Kisangani just below Boyoma Falls, then gradually bends southwest, passing by Mbandaka, joining with the Ubangi River, and running into the Pool Malebo (Stanley Pool). Kinshasa and Brazzaville are on opposite sides of the river at the Pool (see NASA image). Then the river narrows and falls through a number of cataracts in deep canyons, collectively known as the Livingstone Falls, and runs past Boma into the Atlantic Ocean. The river also has the second-largest flow and the second-largest watershed of any river in the world (trailing the Amazon in both respects). The river and a 37 km wide strip of coastline on its north bank provide the country's only outlet to the Atlantic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.918542861938477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Albertine Rift plays a key role in shaping the Congo's geography. Not only is the northeastern section of the country much more mountainous, but due to the rift's tectonic activity, this area also experiences volcanic activity, occasionally with loss of life. The geologic activity in this area also created the famous African Great Lakes, three of which lie on the Congo's eastern frontier: Lake Albert (known during the Mobutu era as Lake Mobutu Sese Seko), Lake Kivu (Unknown until late 1712), Lake Edward (known during the Amin era as Lake Idi Amin Dada), and Lake Tanganyika. Lake Edward and Lake Albert are connected by the Semliki River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.087804794311523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Rift valley has exposed an enormous amount of mineral wealth throughout the south and east of the Congo, making it accessible to mining. Cobalt, copper, cadmium, industrial and gem-quality diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, and coal are all found in plentiful supply, especially in the Congo's southeastern Katanga region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.28577709197998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "On 17 January 2002 Mount Nyiragongo erupted in Congo, with the lava running out at 64 km/h (40 mph) and 46 m (50 yards) wide. One of the three streams of extremely fluid lava flowed through the nearby city of Goma, killing 45 and leaving 120,000 homeless. Four hundred thousand people were evacuated from the city during the eruption. The lava poisoned the water of Lake Kivu, killing fish. Only two planes left the local airport because of the possibility of the explosion of stored petrol. The lava passed the airport but ruined the runway, trapping several airplanes. Six months after the 2002 eruption, nearby Mount Nyamulagira also erupted. Mount Nyamulagira also erupted in 2006 and again in January 2010. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357993125915527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "World Wide Fund for Nature ecoregions located in the Congo include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.552238464355469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* Central Congolian lowland forests – home to the rare bonobo primate", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.497682571411133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* The Eastern Congolian swamp forests along the Congo River", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323437690734863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* The Northeastern Congolian lowland forests, with one of the richest concentrations of primates in the world", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.486078262329102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.558719635009766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "World Heritage Sites located in Democratic Republic of Congo are:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.542146682739258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo contain great biodiversity, including many rare and endemic species, such as the common chimpanzee and the bonobo, the African forest elephant, the mountain gorilla, the okapi and the white rhino. Five of the country's national parks are listed as World Heritage Sites: the Garumba, Kahuzi-Biega, Salonga and Virunga National Parks, and the Okapi Wildlife Reserve.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44286823272705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most biodiverse African country. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.537583351135254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Conservationists have particularly worried about primates. The Congo is inhabited by several great ape species  — the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), the bonobo (Pan paniscus), the eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei), and possibly the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). It is the only country in the world in which bonobos are found in the wild. Much concern has been raised about great ape extinction. Because of hunting and habitat destruction, the chimpanzee, the bonobo and the gorilla, each of whose populations once numbered in the millions, have now dwindled down to only about 200,000", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38528823852539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "File:Bas-congo.JPG|Bas-Congo landscape", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.458681106567383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The bushmeat crisis emerged mainly as a result of the poor living conditions of the Congolese people and a lack of education about the dangers of eating it. A rising population combined with deplorable economic conditions made many Congolese dependent on bushmeat, either as an income source (selling the meat), or for food. Unemployment and urbanization throughout Central Africa have exacerbated the problem further by turning cities like the urban sprawl of Kinshasa into prime markets for commercial bushmeat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.496301651000977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "This combination has caused widespread endangerment of local fauna, and has forced humans to trudge deeper into the wilderness in search of the desired animal meat. This overhunting results in the deaths of more animals and makes resources even more scarce for humans. The hunting has also been facilitated by the extensive logging prevalent throughout the Congo's rainforests from both corporate logging, and farmers clearing forest landfor agriculture. Logging allows hunters much easier access to previously-unreachable jungle terrain, while simultaneously eroding away the habitats of animals. Deforestation is accelerating in Central Africa. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.514875411987305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "After a four-year interlude between two constitutions, with new political institutions established at the various levels of government, as well as new administrative divisions for the provinces throughout the country, a new constitution came into effect in 2006 and politics in the Democratic Republic of the Congo finally settled into a stable presidential democratic republic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384761810302734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was initiated by Joseph Kabila in April 2004. The international Criminal Court prosecutor opened the case in June 2004.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384860038757324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Female genital mutilation (FGM) is also practiced in DRC, although not on a large scale. The prevalence of FGM is estimated at about 5% of women. FGM is illegal: the law imposes a penalty of two to five years of prison and a fine of 200,000 Congolese francs on any person who violates the \"physical or functional integrity\" of the genital organs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490880012512207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In July 2007, the International Committee of the Red Cross expressed concern about the situation in eastern DRC. A phenomenon of 'pendulum displacement' has developed, where people hasten at night to safety. According to Yakin Ertürk, the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women who toured eastern Congo in July 2007, violence against women in North and South Kivu included 'unimaginable brutality'. \"Armed groups attack local communities, loot, rape, kidnap women and children, and make them work as sexual slaves\", Ertürk added. In December 2008 GuardianFilms of The Guardian released a film documenting the testimony of over 400 women and girls who had been abused by marauding militia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394023895263672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In June 2010, Oxfam reported a dramatic increase in the number of rapes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and researchers from Harvard discovered that rapes committed by civilians had increased seventeenfold. In June 2014 Freedom from Torture published reported rape and sexual violence being used routinely by state officials in Congolese prisons as punishment for politically active women. The women included in the report were abused in several locations across the country including the capital Kinshasa and other areas away from the conflict zones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384943962097168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The global growth in demand for scarce raw materials and the industrial surges in China, India, Russia, Brazil and other developing countries require that developed countries employ new, integrated and responsive strategies for identifying and ensuring, on a continual basis, an adequate supply of strategic and critical materials required for their security needs. Highlighting the DR Congo's importance to United States national security, the effort to establish an elite Congolese unit is the latest push by the U.S. to professionalize armed forces in this strategically important region. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.502339363098145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "There are economic and strategic incentives to bring more security to the Congo, which is rich in natural resources such as cobalt. Cobalt is a strategic and critical metal used in many industrial and military applications. The largest use of cobalt is in superalloys, used to make jet engine parts. Cobalt is also used in magnetic alloys and in cutting and wear-resistant materials such as cemented carbides. The chemical industry consumes significant quantities of cobalt in a variety of applications including catalysts for petroleum and chemical processing; drying agents for paints and inks; ground coats for porcelain enamels; decolourisers for ceramics and glass; and pigments for ceramics, paints, and plastics. The country contains 80% of the world's cobalt reserves. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494632720947266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Central Bank of the Congo is responsible for developing and maintaining the Congolese franc, which serves as the primary form of currency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 2007, The World Bank decided to grant the Democratic Republic of Congo up to $1.3 billion in assistance funds over the following three years. Kinshasa is currently negotiating membership in the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443049430847168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of Congo is widely considered to be one of the world's richest countries in natural resources; its untapped deposits of raw minerals are estimated to be worth in excess of US$24 trillion. The Congo has 70% of the world's coltan, a third of its cobalt, more than 30% of its diamond reserves, and a tenth of its copper. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.501277923583984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Despite such vast mineral wealth, the economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has declined drastically since the mid-1980s. The African country generated up to 70% of its export revenue from minerals in the 1970s and 1980s, and was particularly hit when resource prices deteriorated at that time. By 2005, 90% of the DRC's revenues derived from its minerals (Exenberger and Hartmann 2007:10).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399092674255371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": " The country's woes mean that despite its potential its citizens are among the poorest people on earth. DR Congo consistently has the lowest, or nearly the lowest, nominal GDP per capita in the world. The DRC is also one of the twenty lowest-ranked countries on the Corruption Perception Index.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.545634269714355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo is the world's largest producer of cobalt ore, and a major producer of copper and diamonds. The latter come from Kasai province in the west. By far the largest mines in the Congo are located in the Katanga (formerly Shaba) province in the south, and are highly mechanized, with a maximum capacity of several millions of tons per year of copper and cobalt ore, and the capability of refining the ore into metal. In terms of annual carats produced, the DRC is the second largest diamond-producing nation in the world, with artisanal and small-scale miners accounting for most production.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371735572814941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "At the time of its independence in 1960, DRC was the second-most industrialized country in Africa after South Africa; it boasted a thriving mining sector and a relatively productive agriculture sector. The conflicts (the First and Second Congo Wars) that began in 1996 have dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, increased external debt, and resulted in deaths of more than five million people from war, and associated famine and disease. Malnutrition affects approximately two thirds of the country's population.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.096110343933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Conditions improved in late 2002, when a large portion of the invading foreign troops withdrew. A number of International Monetary Fund and World Bank missions have met with the government to help it develop a coherent economic plan, and President Joseph Kabila has begun implementing reforms. Much economic activity still lies outside the GDP data. A United Nations Human Development Index report shows that the human development index of DR Congo is one of the worst it's had in decades. Through 2011 the Democratic Republic of the Congo had the lowest Human Development Index of the 187 ranked countries. It ranked lower than Niger, despite a higher margin of improvement than the latter country over 2010's numbers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.503999710083008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The economy of DR Congo, the second largest country in Africa, relies heavily on mining. However, the smaller-scale economic activity from artisanal mining occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data. A third of the DRC's diamonds are believed to be smuggled out of the country, making it difficult to quantify diamond production levels.[http://www.kitco.com/ind/Zimnisky/2013-08-20-Ranking-Of-The-World-s-Diamond-Mines-By-Estimated-2013-Production.html \"Ranking Of The World's Diamond Mines By Estimated 2013 Production\"], Kitco, 20 August 2013. In 2002, tin was discovered in the east of the country, but to date has only been mined on a small scale. Smuggling of conflict minerals such as coltan and cassiterite, ores of tantalum and tin, respectively, helped to fuel the war in the Eastern Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369165420532227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In September 2004, state-owned Gécamines signed an agreement with Global Enterprises Corporate (GEC), a company formed by the merger of Dan Gertler International (DGI) with Beny Steinmetz Global, to rehabilitate and operate the Kananga and Tilwezembe copper mines. The deal was ratified by presidential decree. In 2007 a World Bank report reviewed DR Congo's three biggest mining contracts, finding that the 2005 deals, including one with Global Enterprises Company, were approved with \"a complete lack of transparency\" (Mahtani, 3 January 2007).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399742126464844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In April 2013, anti-corruption NGOs revealed that Congolese tax authorities had failed to account for $88 million from the mining sector, despite booming production and positive industrial performance. The missing funds date from 2010 and tax bodies should have paid them into the central bank. Later in 2013 the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative suspended the country's candidacy for membership due to insufficient reporting, monitoring and independent audits, but in July 2013 the country improved its accounting and transparency practices to the point where the EITI gave the country full membership.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.486841201782227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Ground transport in the Democratic Republic of Congo has always been difficult. The terrain and climate of the Congo Basin present serious barriers to road and rail construction, and the distances are enormous across this vast country. Chronic economic mismanagement and internal conflicts have led to long-term under-investment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.497023582458496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Rail transportation is provided by the Congo Railroad Company (Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer du Congo) and the Office National des Transports (Congo) (ONATRA) and the Office of the Uele Railways (Office des Chemins de fer des Ueles, CFU).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.50108814239502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo has fewer all-weather paved highways than any country of its population and size in Africa — a total of 2250 km, of which only 1226 km is in good condition (see below). To put this in perspective, the road distance across the country in any direction is more than 2500 km (e.g. Matadi to Lubumbushi, 2700 km by road). The figure of 2250 km converts to 35 km of paved road per 1,000,000 of population. Comparative figures for Zambia and Botswana are 721 km and 3427 km respectively. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.550786972045898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Three routes in the Trans-African Highway network pass through DR Congo:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.591827392578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* Lagos-Mombasa Highway: the DR Congo is the main missing link in this east-west highway and requires a new road to be constructed before it can function.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.498737335205078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of Congo has thousands of kilometres of navigable waterways, and traditionally water transport has been the dominant means of moving around approximately two-thirds of the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39490795135498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "As of June 2016, DR Congo had one major national airline (Congo Airways) that offered flights inside DR Congo. Congo Airways was based at Kinshasa's international airport. All air carriers certified by the DRC have been banned from European Union airports by the European Commission, due to inadequate safety standards. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447654724121094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, there are both coal and crude oil resources that were mainly used domestically in 2008. The Democratic Republic of Congo has infrastructure for hydro-electricity from the Congo River at the Inga dams. The Democratic Republic of Congo also possesses 50% of Africa's forests and a river system that could provide hydro-electric power to the entire continent, according to a UN report on the country's strategic significance and its potential role as an economic power in central Africa. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268218994140625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 2014 the literacy rate for the population between the ages of 15 and 49 was estimated to be 75.9% (88.1% male and 63.8% female) according to a DHS nationwide survey. The education system in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is governed by three government ministries: the Ministère de l'Enseignement Primaire, Secondaire et Professionnel (MEPSP), the Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et Universitaire (MESU) and the Ministère des Affaires Sociales (MAS). Primary education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is not free or compulsory, even though the Congolese constitution says it should be (Article 43 of the 2005 Congolese Constitution). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270172119140625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "As a result of the 6-year civil war in the late 1990s-early 2000s, over 5.2 million children in the country did not receive any education.\"Congo, Democratic Republic of the.\" [http://wayback.archive.org/web/20061201190837/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf www.dol.gov] 2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor (2006). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Since the end of the civil war, the situation has improved tremendously, with the number of children enrolled in primary schools rising from 5.5 million in 2002 to 12 million in 2012, and the number of children enrolled in secondary schools rising from 2.8 million in 2007 to 3.9 million in 2012 according to UNESCO. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.459784507751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo include the General Hospital of Kinshasa. DRC has the world's second-highest rate of infant mortality (after Chad). In April 2011, through aid from Global Alliance for Vaccines, a new vaccine to prevent pneumococcal disease was introduced around Kinshasa. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402932167053223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congolese National Police (PNC) are the primary police force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374640464782715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Over 200 ethnic groups populate the Democratic Republic of the Congo, of which the majority are Bantu peoples. Together, Mongo, Luba and Kongo peoples (Bantu) and Mangbetu-Azande peoples constitute around 45% of the population.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.497581481933594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 2009, the United Nations estimated the country's population to be 66 million people, a rapid increase from 39.1 million in 1992 despite the ongoing war. As many as 250 ethnic groups have been identified and named. The most numerous people are the Kongo, Luba, and Mongo. About 600,000 Pygmies are the aboriginal people of the DR Congo. Although several hundred local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by widespread use of French and the national intermediary languages Kituba, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419319152832031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Figures for Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of whom live in Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimated 2000 data. New destination countries include South Africa and various points en route to Europe. The DRC has produced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers located in the region and beyond. These numbers peaked in 2004 when, according to UNHCR, there were more than 460,000 refugees from the DRC; in 2008, Congolese refugees numbered 367,995 in total, 68% of whom were living in other African countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.503243446350098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Since 2003, more than 400,000 Congolese migrants have been expelled from Angola. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448738098144531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Christianity is the majority religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, followed by about 95% of the population according to a 2010 Pew Research Center estimate, and 80% according to the CIA World Factbook and Pew Research Center 2013 data. Indigenous beliefs account for about 1.8–10%, and Islam for 10–12%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.517449378967285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "There are about 35 million Catholics in the country. There are six archdioceses and 41 dioceses. The impact of the Roman Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of Congo is difficult to overestimate. Schatzberg has called it the country's \"only truly national institution apart from the state.\" Its schools have educated over 60% of the nation's primary school students and more than 40% of its secondary students. The church owns and manages an extensive network of hospitals, schools, and clinics, as well as many diocesan economic enterprises, including farms, ranches, stores, and artisans' shops. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417119979858398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "62 Protestant denominations are federated under the umbrella of the Church of Christ in Congo. It is often simply referred to as the Protestant Church, since it covers most of the DRC Protestants. With more than 25 million members, it constitutes one of the largest Protestant bodies in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370645523071289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "According to the Pew Forum, Islam is the faith of 12% of the population. According to the CIA World Factbook, Muslims make up 10% of the population. Islam was introduced and mainly spread by traders/merchants. Congolose Muslims are divided into Sunnis (50%), Shias (10%), Ahmadis (6%), and non-denominational Muslims (14%). In 2013 the Allied Democratic Forces, a group linked to Al-Qaeda, began carrying out attacks in Congo which killed civilians, mostly Christians. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48377513885498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "French is the official language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is culturally accepted as the lingua franca facilitating communication among the many different ethnic groups of the Congo. According to a 2014 OIF report, 33 million Congolese people (47% of the population) can read and write in French. In the capital city Kinshasa, 67% of the population can read and write French, and 68.5% can speak and understand it. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505409240722656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Approximately 242 languages are spoken in the country, but only four have the status of national languages: Kituba (\"Kikongo ya leta\"), Lingala, Tshiluba, and Swahili. Although some people speak these regional, or trade languages as first languages, most of the population speak them as a second language after their own tribal language. Lingala was the official language of the colonial army, the \"Force Publique\", under Belgian colonial rule, and remains to this day the predominant language in the armed forces. Since the recent rebellions, a good part of the army in the East also uses Swahili where it is prevalent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.504411697387695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo reflects the diversity of its hundreds of ethnic groups and their differing ways of life throughout the country  — from the mouth of the River Congo on the coast, upriver through the rainforest and savanna in its centre, to the more densely populated mountains in the far east. Since the late 19th century, traditional ways of life have undergone changes brought about by colonialism, the struggle for independence, the stagnation of the Mobutu era, and most recently, the First and Second Congo Wars. Despite these pressures, the customs and cultures of the Congo have retained much of their individuality. The country's 60 million inhabitants are mainly rural. The 30% who live in urban areas have been the most open to Western influences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1748685836792, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Another notable feature in Congo culture is its music. The DRC has blended its ethnic musical sources with Cuban rumba, and merengue to give birth to soukous. Other African nations produce music genres that are derived from Congolese soukous. Some of the African bands sing in Lingala, one of the main languages in the DRC. The same Congolese soukous, under the guidance of \"le sapeur\", Papa Wemba, has set the tone for a generation of young men always dressed up in expensive designer clothes. They came to be known as the fourth generation of Congolese music and mostly come from the former well-known band Wenge Musica. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367650032043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo is also known for its art. Traditional art includes masks and wooden statues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.457199096679688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Many sports are played in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including football, basketball and rugby. The sports are played in numerous stadiums throughout the country, including the Stade Frederic Kibassa Maliba. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.561043739318848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Since 1968 the Democratic Republic of the Congo has participated in the Olympic Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353686332702637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Newspapers of the DRC include L'Avenir, La Cité africaine de Matadi, La Conscience, L'Observateur, Le Phare, Le Potentiel, Le Soft and LeCongolais.CD, a web-based daily. Radio Télévision Nationale Congolaise (RTNC) is the national broadcaster of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. RTNC currently broadcasts in Lingala, French, and English.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450370788574219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo's major environmental issues include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.515933990478516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Because of sunlight, potential for solar development is very high in the DRC. There are already about 836 solar power systems in the DRC, with a total power of 83 kW, located in Equateur (167), Katanga (159), Nord-Kivu (170), the two Kasaï provinces (170), and Bas-Congo (170). Also, the 148 Caritas network system has a total power of 6.31 kW7.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476122856140137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Sir Henry Morton Stanley (born John Rowlands; 28 January 1841 – 10 May 1904) was a Welsh journalist and explorer who was famous for his exploration of central Africa and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone. Upon finding Livingstone, Stanley reportedly asked, \"Dr. Livingstone, I presume?\" Stanley is also known for his search for the source of the Nile, his work in and development of the Congo Basin region in association with King Leopold II of the Belgians, and commanding the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. He was knighted in 1899.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.882999420166016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Mapping the central African Lakes and navigating the Congo River", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07223129272461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Stanley attributed his success to his leading African porters, saying that his success was \"all due to the pluck and intrinsic goodness of 20 men ... take the 20 out and I could not have proceeded beyond a few days journey\". Professor James Newman has written that \"establishing the connection between the Lualaba and Congo Rivers and locating the source of the Victoria Nile\" justified him (Newman) in stating that: \"In terms of exploration and discovery as defined in nineteenth century Europe, he (Stanley) clearly stands at the top.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.230833053588867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Claiming the Congo for the Belgian king", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480456352233887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Stanley was approached by King Leopold II of Belgium, the ambitious Belgian monarch who had organized a private holding company in 1876 disguised as an international scientific and philanthropic association, which he called the International African Association. The king spoke of his intention to introduce western civilization and bring religion to that part of Africa, but did not mention the fact that he wanted to claim the lands. At the end of his life, the king was embittered by the growing perception that his establishment of a Congo Free State was mitigated by its unscrupulous government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.09446907043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1886, Stanley led the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition to \"rescue\" Emin Pasha, the governor of Equatoria in the southern Sudan. King Leopold II demanded that Stanley take the longer route via the Congo River, hoping to acquire more territory and perhaps even Equatoria After immense hardships and great loss of life, Stanley met Emin in 1888, charted the Ruwenzori Range and Lake Edward, and emerged from the interior with Emin and his surviving followers at the end of 1890. But this expedition tarnished Stanley's name because of the conduct of the other Europeans — British gentlemen and army officers. Army Major Edmund Musgrave Barttelot was shot by a carrier after behaving with extreme cruelty. James Sligo Jameson, heir to Irish whiskey manufacturer Jameson's, bought an 11-year-old girl and offered her to cannibals to document and sketch how she was cooked and eaten. Stanley found out only when Jameson had died of fever.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.68985652923584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "He died in London on 10 May 1904. At his funeral, he was eulogised by Daniel P. Virmar. His grave is in the churchyard of St. Michael and All Angels Church in Pirbright, Surrey, marked by a large piece of granite inscribed with the words \"Henry Morton Stanley, Bula Matari, 1841–1904, Africa\". Bula Matari translates as \"Breaker of Rocks\" or \"Breakstones\" in Kongo and was Stanley's name among locals in Congo. It can be translated as a term of endearment for, as the leader of Leopold's expedition, he commonly worked with the labourers breaking rocks with which they built the first modern road along the Congo River. It can also be translated in far less flattering terms. Author Adam Hochschild suggested that Stanley understood it as a heroic epithet, but there is evidence that Nsakala, the man who originally coined it, had meant it humorously. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911535263061523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "About women, Stanley wrote that they were \"toys to while slow time\" and \"trifling human beings\". He had been speaking of society women. When he met the American journalist and traveller May Sheldon, he was attracted because she was a modern woman who insisted on serious conversation and not social chit-chat. 'She soon lets you know that chaff won't do,' he wrote. The authors of the book The Congo: Plunder and Resistance argued that Stanley had \"a pathological fear of women, an inability to work with talented co-workers, and an obsequious love of the aristocratic rich\", Stanley's intimate correspondence in the Royal Museum of Central Africa, however, between him and his two fiancées, Katie Gough Roberts and Alice Pike, and between him and the American journalist May Sheldon, and between him and his wife, Dorothy Tennant, shows that he enjoyed close relationships with these women, although both Roberts and Pike ultimately rejected him when he refused to abandon his protracted travels. When Stanley married Dorothy, he invited his friend Arthur Mounteney Jephson to visit while they were on their honeymoon. Dr Thomas Parke also came because Stanley was seriously ill at the time. Stanley's good relations with these two colleagues from the Emin Pasha Expedition shows that he could get on with colleagues. If Stanley was a lover of the aristocratic rich, it is strange that his closest male friends were a journalist and a former warehouseman, and that his lecture agent stated that his client disliked grand social occasions and preferred being with old friends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4236421585083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The legacy of death and destruction in the Congo region, and the fact that Stanley had worked for King Leopold II of Belgium, is considered by author Sherry Norman to have made him an inspiration for Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40458869934082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Conrad, however, had spent six months of 1890 as a steamship captain on the Congo, years after Stanley had been there (1879-1884) and five years after Stanley had been recalled to Europe and ceased to be King Leopold's chief agent in Africa. By 1890, forced labour was being used to coerce Africans into collecting rubber. But when Stanley had been there, the inner tube for bicycle tyres had not yet been invented and there had been little demand for rubber.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333560943603516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 2004, Welsh journalist Tim Butcher wrote his book \"Blood River: A Journey Into Africa's Broken Heart\". The book followed Stanley's journey through the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.249011039733887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henry Morton Stanley" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1870s The Belgian King Leopold II set up a private venture to colonise the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376992225646973, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1874-77 The British explorer Henry Stanley navigated the Congo river to the Atlantic Ocean.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069833755493164, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1879-87 King Leopold II commissioned Henry Stanley to establish the King's authority in the Congo basin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.271538734436035, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1884-85  European countries at a Conference in Berlin recognised King Leopold's claim to the Congo basin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334999084472656, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1885 King Leopold II announced the establishment of the ‘Congo Free State’, to be headed by himself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.389388084411621, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1892-94 The Eastern Congo is taken from the control of East African Arabs and Swahili-speaking traders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123025894165039, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1908  The Belgian state annexed the Congo amid protests over killings and atrocities carried out on a mass scale by Leopold's agents. Millions of Congolese were said to have been killed or worked to death during Leopold's control of the territory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371240615844727, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1955 Belgian Professor Antoin van Bilsen published a \"30-Year Plan\" for granting the Congo increased self-government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.238775253295898, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1959 Belgium begins to lose control over events in the Congo following serious nationalist riots in Leopoldville by now renamed  Kinshasa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141519546508789, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "30th June 1960 The Republic of Congo gained its independence from Belgium. Patrice Lumumba became the countries first prime minister while Joseph Kasavubu was made  president.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.285189628601074, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "15th July1960 The Congolese army mutinies and Moise Tshombe declared Katanga to be independent. Belgian troops were sent in to protect Belgian citizens and mining interests. The United Nations Security Council voted to send troops to help establish law and order in the country, however the troops were not allowed to intervene in internal affairs (they left in 1964).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069548606872559, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "November 1960 Congolese and United Nations troops clashed.  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313758850097656, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Early 1964 A minor Communist inspired revolt took place in the Kwilu Provence. Within five months this minor revolt would become a major uprising that would involve half of Congo's 14 million people. This would also lead to the recruiting of western mercenaries to fight in the Congo under the command of South African Mike Hoare.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265295028686523, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "July 1964 Mike Hoare was approached by Gerry Puren to see if he would recruit a mercenary force to help his friend Moise Tshombe keep in power. At a meeting Tshombe out lined a plan to Mike Hoare whereby a group of white mercenaries would be able to help the National Army put down the rebellion which was in danger of over whelming the whole country. It had already been agreed with the Belgian Foreign Minister, Paul Henri Spaak after some consultation with Averell Harriman of the US State Department that Belgium would increase its aid to the Congo by a further two hundred technical advisers, making four hundred in all, and that the United States would increase its shipments of trucks, aeroplanes and radio equipment to help the National Army. These two powers, he added were not averse to the Congo's employment of mercenary troops, in the circumstances, providing they were neither Belgian nor American.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025588989257812, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "24th August 1964 In charge of 22 mercenaries Mike Hoare sailed from Moba against Albertville. Hoare was scheduled to attack the airport, and to keep it up until reinforcements are flown in and the Congo Army (ANC) attacking the city from the west and south join up with him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.818228721618652, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "February-April 1965 Mike Hoare cleared the northeast corner of the Congo towards the border with Uganda and Sudan of rebels. The cities of Ngote, Nyoka, Mahagi, Golu, Esebi, Aru, Wave, Adi, Aba, Faradje, Watsa, Dungu and Niangara were also liberated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.800508499145508, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "12th December 1965 Mike Hoare leaves the Congo after having been in a farewell audience with President Mobutu and had transfer command of 5th Cdo over to major John Peters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.780278205871582, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "August 1998 Rebels backed by Rwanda and Uganda rose up against Laurent-Desire Kabila and advanced on Kinshasa. Zimbabwe and Namibia sent troops to repel them. Angolan troops sided with Kabila. The rebels took control of most of the eastern side of Democratic Republic of Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407485008239746, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1999  Rifts emerged between Congolese Liberation Movement (MLC) rebels supported by Uganda and Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) the rebels were backed by Rwanda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354783058166504, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "July 2002 The Presidents of Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda signed a peace deal under which Rwanda would withdraw its troops from the east of the country and the Democratic Republic of Congo would dissarm and arrest Rwandan Hutu gunmen blamed for the killing of the Tutsi minority people in Rwanda's 1994 genocide attack.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382133483886719, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "September 2002 The Presidents of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda signed a peace accord under which Ugandan troops would leave Democratic Republic of Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.426559448242188, "source": "search", "title": "A brief history of the Congo later to be known as Zaire" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo, the setting for Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, was called \"Africa's most unstable country\" in 1993. Their economic problems and government corruption required intervention from Western nations over the past few decades. The country is about half Catholic has 250 different ethnic groups within its borders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12714958190918, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "There is inherent geographical confusion in this change due to the fact that the Democratic Republic of the Congo's western neighbor is known as the Republic of the Congo , a name which it has held since 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242534637451172, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Major differences exist between the two equatorial Congo neighbors. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is much larger in both population and area. The population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is about 69 million but the Republic of the Congo has a mere 4 million. The area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is over 905,000 square miles (2.3 million square kilometers) but the Republic of the Congo has 132,000 square miles (342,000 square kilometers). The Democratic Republic of the Congo holds 65% of the world's cobalt reserves and both countries rely on oil, sugar, and other natural resources. The official language of both Congos is French.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.522089958190918, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "These two timelines of Congolese history might help sort out the history of their names:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.495058059692383, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1908 - Becomes Belgian Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456838607788086, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "June 30, 1960 - Independence for the Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.068181991577148, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1964 - Becomes People's Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.291704177856445, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1966 - Mobutu takes control and the country becomes the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136085510253906, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384308815002441, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1885 - Becomes the French territory Middle Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432648658752441, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1910 - The territory of French Equatorial Africa is created, Middle Congo is a district", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399301528930664, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1960 - Independence for the Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.249543190002441, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1970 - Becomes the People's Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.176838874816895, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1991 - Name returns to the Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.247739791870117, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo River Tourism, Africa - Next Trip Tourism", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.292315483093262, "source": "search", "title": "Congo River Tourism, Africa - Next Trip Tourism" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Home » Africa » Congo River Tourism, Africa", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.184272766113281, "source": "search", "title": "Congo River Tourism, Africa - Next Trip Tourism" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo River Tourism, Africa", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05893325805664, "source": "search", "title": "Congo River Tourism, Africa - Next Trip Tourism" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Gradually the River widens and picks up speed until entering the gates of hell, 75 km long canyon of impassable Rapids. The River emerges again, surrounded by lush tropical rain forest as the Lualaba. During the journey through the rain forest of silence, the river crosses the Equator twice. Because the Congo River flows from the northern and southern hemisphere that does not have a large seasonal fluctuations in water level as the other major rivers. This flow is relatively stable because part of the rain zone. Upper Congo River abruptly ends with the Stanley Falls, 60 miles of rapids. Along the River is the city of Kinsangani, a city known for violence since Belgium’s colonial. The River slows to a virtual. Section known as Stanley or Malebo pool. Here the River is 15 miles wide and is flanked by the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville. Peace from the pool is suddenly shattered by Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids and cataracts 220 miles long. And have the power as much as all the rivers and waterfalls in the United States combined. The final 100 miles into the Atlantic Ocean from late fall fully navigable. Every day, many travelers who come here. Because of the natural beauty that is very pure. Hotels here are also filled with tourists because here at the hotel complete with facilities suitable for your vacation. If you want to find and eat here there is also a very good restaurant with traditional cuisine. You do not hesitate to come back here. Because of this winter’s very well suited this place. Good luck. ?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.105402946472168, "source": "search", "title": "Congo River Tourism, Africa - Next Trip Tourism" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.875090599060059, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.875090599060059, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/River+Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207117080688477, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Related to River Congo: Congo River Basin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.155954360961914, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356335639953613, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "top: Democratic Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.459118843078613, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "bottom: Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.396674156188965, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356335639953613, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "2. (Placename) Republic of Congo another name for Congo-Brazzaville", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449982643127441, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "4. (Peoples) a variant spelling of Kongo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.521754264831543, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "5. (Languages) a variant spelling of Kongo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.567493438720703, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "1. Republic of the, a republic in central Africa, W of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a former French territory; gained independence 1960. 2,716,814; 124,504 sq. mi. (322,463 sq. km). Cap.: Brazzaville. Formerly, French Congo , Middle Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.218171119689941, "source": "search", "title": "River Congo - definition of River Congo by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376348495483398, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35998249053955, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The indigenous inhabitants of the region of the Congo were probably Pygmies, who lived in small numbers in the equatorial forests of the north and northeast. By the end of the 1st millennium B.C., small numbers of Bantu-speaking people had migrated into the area from the northwest (present-day Nigeria and Cameroon) and settled in the savanna regions of the south. Aided by their knowledge of iron technology and agriculture, the Bantu-speakers migrated to other parts of the Congo and Africa, at the same time developing new, related languages. From about A.D. 700 the copper deposits of S Katanga were worked by the Bantu and traded over wide areas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.428485870361328, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "By about 1000 the Bantu had settled most of the Congo, reducing the area occupied by the Pygmies. By the early 2d millennium the Bantu had increased considerably in number and were coalescing into states, some of which governed large areas and had complex administrative structures. Most of the states were ruled by a monarch, whose authority, although considerable, was checked by a council of high civil servants and elders. Notable among the states were the kingdom of Kongo (founded in the 14th cent.), centered in modern N Angola but including extreme W Congo and a Luba empire (founded in the early 16th cent.), centered around lakes Kisale and Upemba in central Katanga.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335551261901855, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Also included among these states were the Lunda kingdom of Mwata Yamo (founded in the 15th cent.), centered in SW Congo; the Kuba kingdom of the Shongo people (established in the early 17th cent.), located in the region of the Kasai and Sankuru rivers in S Congo; and the Lunda kingdom of Mwata Kazembe (founded in the 18th cent.), located near the Luapula River (which forms part of the present Congo-Zambia boundary). Through intermarriage and other contacts the Luba transmitted political ideas to the Lunda, and numerous small Luba-Lunda states (in addition to those of Mwata Yamo and Mwata Kazembe) were established in S Congo. The Kuba kingdom was noted for its sculpture and decorative arts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.630426406860352, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1482, Diogo Cão, a Portuguese navigator, became the first European to visit the Congo when he reached the mouth of the Congo River and sailed a few miles upstream. Soon thereafter the Portuguese established ties with the king of Kongo, and in the early 16th cent. they established themselves on parts of the coast of modern Angola, especially at the court of the king of Ndongo (a vassal state of Kongo). The Portuguese had little influence on the Congo until the late 18th cent., when the African and mulatto traders (called pombeiros ), whom they backed, traveled far inland to the kingdom of Mwata Kazembe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.709772109985352, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In the mid-19th cent., Arab, Swahili, and Nyamwezi traders from present-day Tanzania penetrated into E Congo, where they traded and raided for slaves and ivory. Some of the traders established states with considerable power. Msiri (a Nyamwezi) established himself near Mwata Kazembe in 1856, soon enlarged his holdings (mainly at the expense of Mwata Kazembe), and was a major force until 1891, when he was killed by the Belgians. From the 1860s to the early 1890s, Muhammad bin Hamad (known as Tippu Tib), a Swahili Arab trader from Zanzibar, who was also part Nyamwezi, ruled a large portion of E Congo NW of Lake Tanganyika. In the 1870s, on the eve of the scramble for African territory among the European powers, the territory of the Congo had no overall political unity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.360828399658203, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo Free State", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.464601516723633, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Beginning in the late 1870s the territory was colonized by Leopold II , king of the Belgians (reigned 1865–1909). Leopold believed that Belgium needed colonies to ensure its prosperity, and sensing that the Belgians would not support colonial ventures, he privately set about establishing a colonial empire. Between 1874 and 1877, Henry M. Stanley made a journey across central Africa during which he found the course of the Congo River. Intrigued by Stanley's findings (especially that the region had considerable economic potential), Leopold engaged him in 1878 to establish the king's authority in the Congo basin. Between 1879 and 1884, Stanley founded a number of stations along the middle Congo River and signed treaties with several African rulers purportedly giving the king sovereignty in their areas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.183124542236328, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "At the Conference of Berlin (1884–85) the European powers recognized Leopold's claim to the Congo basin, and in a ceremony (1885) at Banana, the king announced the establishment of the Congo Free State, headed by himself. The announced boundaries were roughly the same as those of present-day Congo, but it was not until the mid-1890s that Leopold's control was established in most parts of the state. In 1891–92, Katanga was conquered, and between 1892 and 1894, E Congo was wrested from the control of E African Arab and Swahili traders (including Tippu Tib, who for a time had served as an administrator of the Congo).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.012694358825684, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Because he did not have sufficient funds to develop the Congo, Leopold sought and received loans from the Belgian parliament in 1889 and 1895, in return for which Belgium was given the right to annex the Congo in 1901. At the same time Leopold declared all unoccupied land (including cropland lying fallow) to be owned by the state, thereby gaining control of the lucrative trade in rubber and ivory. Much of the land was given to concessionaire companies, which in return were to build railroads or to occupy a specified part of the country or merely to give the state a percentage of their profits. In addition, Leopold maintained a large estate in the region of Lake Leopold II (NE of Kinshasa).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.236847877502441, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Private companies were also established to exploit the mineral wealth of Katanga and Kasai; a notable example was Union Minière du Haut-Katanga, chartered in 1905. The Belgian parliament did not exercise its right to annex the Congo in 1901, but reports starting in 1904 (particularly by Roger Casement and E. D. Morel) about the brutal treatment of Africans there (especially those forced to collect rubber for concessionaire companies) led to a popular campaign for Belgium to take over the state from Leopold. After exhaustive parliamentary debates, in 1908 Belgium annexed the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.223140716552734, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Belgian Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38690185546875, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Under Belgian rule the worst excesses (such as forced labor) of the Free State were gradually diminished, but the Congo was still regarded almost exclusively as a field for European investment, and little was done to give Africans a significant role in its government or economy. Economic development was furthered by the construction of railroads and other transportation facilities. European concerns established more large plantations, and vast mining operations were set up. Africans formed the labor pool for these operations, and Europeans were the managers. By the end of the 1920s, mining (especially of copper and diamonds) was the mainstay of the economy, having far outdistanced agriculture. Some of the mining companies built towns for their workers, and there was considerable movement of Africans from the countryside to urban areas, especially beginning in the 1930s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342907905578613, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Christian missionaries (the great majority of whom were Roman Catholic) were very active in the Congo, and they were the chief agents for raising the educational level of the Africans and for improving medical services. However, virtually no Africans were educated beyond the primary level until the mid-1950s, when two universities were opened. A noteworthy indigenous religious movement was that of Simon Kimbangu, who, educated by Protestant missionaries, around 1920 established himself as a prophet and healer. He soon gathered a large following and, although not explicitly anti-Belgian, was jailed in 1921 by the colonial government, which feared that his movement would undermine its authority. The Belgians outlawed Kimbangu's movement, but it continued clandestinely and became increasingly anti-European.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239096641540527, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1955, when demands for independence were mounting throughout Africa, Antoine van Bilsen, a Belgian professor, published a \"30-Year Plan\" for granting the Congo increased self-government. The plan was accepted enthusiastically by most Belgians, who assumed that Belgian rule in the Congo would continue for a long period. Events proved otherwise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142422676086426, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congolese nationalists, notably Joseph Kasavubu (who headed ABAKO, a party based among the Kongo people) and Patrice Lumumba (who led the leftist Mouvement National Congolais), became increasingly strident. They were impressed greatly by the visit in late 1958 of French president Charles de Gaulle to neighboring Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo), where he offered Africans the opportunity to vote in a referendum for continued association with France or for full independence. In Jan., 1959, there were serious nationalist riots in Kinshasa, and thereafter the Belgians steadily lost control of events in the Congo. At a roundtable conference (which included Congolese nationalists) at Brussels in Jan.–Feb., 1960, it was decided that the Belgian Congo would become fully independent on June 30, 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.581677436828613, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Following elections in June, Lumumba became prime minister and Kasavubu head of state. However, the Republic of the Congo (as the nation was then called) soon began to be pulled apart by ethnic and personal rivalries, often encouraged by Belgian interests. On July 4 the Congolese army mutinied, and on July 11 Moïse Tshombe declared Katanga, of which he was provisional president, to be independent. There were attacks on Belgian nationals living in the Congo, and Belgium sent troops to the country to protect its citizens and also its mining interests. Most Belgian civil servants left the country, thus crippling the government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99824333190918, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "On July 14, the UN Security Council voted to send a force to the Congo to help establish order; the force was not allowed to intervene in internal affairs, however, and could not act against the Katangan secession. Therefore, Lumumba turned to the USSR for help against Katanga, but on Sept. 5 he was dismissed as prime minister by Kasavubu. On Sept. 14, Col. Joseph Mobutu (later Mobutu Sese Seko ), the head of the army, seized power and dismissed Kasavubu. On Dec. 1, Lumumba, who probably had the largest national following of any Congo politician, was arrested by the army; he was murdered while allegedly trying to escape imprisonment in Katanga in mid-Feb., 1961.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.264163970947266, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "By the end of 1960 the Congo was divided into four quasi-independent parts: Mobutu held the west, including Kinshasa (then called Léopoldville); Antoine Gizenga, the self-styled successor to Lumumba, controlled the east from Kisangani (then called Stanleyville); Albert Kalonji controlled S Kasai; and Tshombe headed Katanga, aided by Belgian and other foreign soldiers. The secession of Katanga, with its great mineral resources, particularly weakened the national government. In Apr., 1961, Tshombe was arrested by the central government (Kasavubu was back as head of state), but he was freed in June after agreeing to end the Katanga secession. By July, however, Tshombe was again proclaiming the independence of Katanga.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.933520317077637, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In addition to economic decline in the 1970s, the government had to contend with increasingly active political opposition. Mobutu's policy of giving members of his own ethnic group (the Ngbanda) jurisdiction over security matters led to ethnic conflicts and a succession of coup attempts between 1975 and 1978. Opposition parties grew in number and in size; one of these, the Front Libération Nationale du Congo (FNLC), organized Katangese refugees forced out of the country by Mobutu. The FNLC, working from its base in Angola, launched a rebellion in the Katanga region but was repulsed after the intervention of French, Belgian, and Moroccan troops.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.336179733276367, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Although Kabila promised that elections would be held in 1999, he banned all political opposition, and his regime soon became repressive. His failure to revive the economy and to prevent the attacks upon thousands of Congolese Tutsis by their Hutu neighbors in the mid-1990s, as well as the revelation that his forces had probably massacred thousands of Rwandan Hutu refugees during their march across the country in 1996–97, led to a fading of both internal and foreign support for his government. The eastern part of the country remained unstable, and in Aug., 1998, a group of ethnic Tutsi Congolese forces supported by Rwanda mutinied against Kabila's rule and began advancing toward Kinshasa. Although they were repulsed, the movement grew, attracting opposition politicians, former Mobutu supporters, and disaffected military leaders formerly allied with Kabila. It also threatened to widen into a regional conflict, as Zimbabwe, Angola, and Namibia sent troops to aid Kabila's government, while Rwanda and Uganda backed the rebels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24580192565918, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In July, 1999, following a peace conference in Lusaka, Zambia, the heads of the six governments involved signed a cease-fire agreement; the leaders of the two main Congolese rebel groups also subsequently signed the pact. Kabila and his allies controlled most of the east and south of the Congo, and the rebels and their supporters controlled much of the north and west. By the end of the year, however, implementation of the accord was stalled, due in part to intransigence on the part of Kabila's government, and the much-violated cease-fire was in the process of collapsing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33679485321045, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The United Nations approved a force to monitor the accord in Feb., 2000, but the situation in the Congo proved too unstable to permit the force to move in. Fighting erupted between Ugandan and Rwandan forces in Kisangani (as it had the year before), and Kabila's government launched an offensive in Équateur (NW Congo) and continued to resist cooperating with the United Nations and with African peace negotiators. A new agreement calling for the pullback of all forces was signed (without the participation of one of the rebel groups) in Dec., 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24835205078125, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In Jan., 2001, Kabila was assassinated, reportedly by a bodyguard, and his son, Maj. Gen. Joseph Kabila, was named his successor. Joseph Kabila's government resumed cooperating on peace negotiations, and ended the ban on political parties. Beginning in March the forces of foreign nations began pulling back from the front lines and, in some cases, pulling out from the Congo. Fighting largely ceased, although banditry by militias and fighting between tribal groups persisted in E Congo. Peace talks began tentatively in Oct., 2001, and in 2002 agreements were signed successively with one of the rebel groups, Rwanda, and Uganda, although no agreement was reached with the largest rebel force, the Rwandan-backed Congolese Rally for Democracy–Goma. By the end of Oct., 2002, most foreign troops had been withdrawn from the Congo. In 2010, a UN report on the years of civil war in Congo was leaked; the report accused multiple armies and militias of various serious crimes during the conflict, and indicated that the Rwandan army and its Congolese allies, Laurent Kabila's rebels, had massacred groups of civilian Rwandan and Congolese Hutus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.048171043395996, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The government and both main rebel groups reached an accord in Apr., 2003, when they signed a peace agreement that called for a power-sharing government led by President Kabila, and an interim parliament. Despite the peace deal, fighting continued in parts of the Congo, especially between tribal groups in the east, and in June, 2003, the United Nations dispatched French-led peacekeepers to E Congo in an effort to restore order. In the same month the government and rebels agreed on the composition of the new government, which was formally established. Democratic elections were scheduled for 2005. By the time of the government's establishment it was estimated that 3.3 million people had died, directly or indirectly, as a result of the fighting that began in 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.134420394897461, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The French-led peacekeepers were replaced by 10,000 UN soldiers beginning in Sept., 2003; the force was subsequently increased to 16,000. In the first half of 2004 there were two attempted coups in the country, and progress toward real peace continued to be slow during the year. By the end of 2004 rebel forces and the former Congolese army had been integrated into a unified force in name only. An uprising involving former rebels occurred in June at Bukavu in E Congo, although the rebels soon dispersed, and in December there was fighting in Nord-Kivu between former army and former rebel forces. The army forces had been sent into the area in response to threats by Rwanda to invade the region in order to attack Rwandan Hutu rebels based there. Congo accused Rwandan forces of invading and aiding the former Congolese rebels, a charge Rwanda denied, but a UN panel had accused (July, 2004) Rwanda and Uganda of maintaining armed units in E Congo and UN peacekeepers said that forces had entered Congo following Rwanda's threat to invade. The latter charge was called false, however, by a former UN employee in early 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.100409507751465, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Fighting between militias and UN peacekeepers occurred in NE Congo during 2005, as the area remained unpacified and some of the militias resisted disarming. Militia forces in Katanga prov. also refused to disarm, leading to fighting there in late 2005 between them and the Congolese army. Because of the fighting and tensions within the government and logistical issues (a new constitution was not approved by the interim parliament until May, 2005) the elections scheduled to be held by June, 2005, were postponed into 2006. In Dec., 2005, however, voters approved the constitution, paving the way for electing a new government. The same month the International Court of Justice ruled that Congo was entitled to compensation from Uganda for looting by Ugandan forces during the recent civil war. The fighting in NE and E Congo continued off and on throughout 2006. The Ugandan army launched (Apr., 2006) a campaign against Ugandan rebels based in Congo and clashed with Congo's forces, prompting a protest from Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.262453079223633, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "At the end of July, 2006, Congo held elections for president and the national and provincial legislatures. Voting was largely peaceful, but the vote count was slow and marred by irregularities. Joseph Kabila won 44% of the presidential vote with a strong showing in E Congo, but failed to win the required majority; his party won 111 (out of 500) National Assembly seats and was able to form a governing coalition. The inconclusive presidential results sparked violence between Kabila's partisans and those of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, the former rebel and interim vice president who was the runner-up (with 20% of the vote) and did well in W Congo, and violence subsequently marred campaign leading up to the October runoff. The vote count was not completed until mid-November, but Kabila was elected, with 58% of the ballots, and again he ran strongly in E Congo. Bemba rejected the result and contested it in court, despite the assessment of the election by most observers as free and fair; Bemba's challenge was rejected, and Kabila's election confirmed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.193215370178223, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Progess was made in disbanding a number of militias in E Congo in early 2007, but later in the year fighting broke out between army units that included former Tutsi militias and Rwandan Hutu militias based in the Congo. Subsequent the Congolese army moved against the renegade Tutsi units, and Nord-Kivu was torn by off-and-on fighting in the second half of 2007. Meanwhile, in March deadly fighting erupted in Kinshasa between the army and Bemba's remaining forces, who had resisted disbanding. Bemba was accused of treason, while he accused the government of trying to kill him; he sought refuge in the South African embassy. In April, Bemba was allowed to leave the country for Portugal, in order to seek medical treatment. (In May, 2008, Bemba was arrested in Belgium on an International Criminal Court warrant that accused him with war crimes arising from the actions of his forces in 2002 in the Central African Republic, where they were aiding President Ange-Félix Patassé. He was extradited in July to the Netherlands to face trial, and formally charged in Jan., 2009.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.027044296264648, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In Aug., 2007, a border clash between Congolese and Ugandan forces occurred near the disputed Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert; in September the nations agreed to demilitarize the island. A cease-fire agreement was signed by some of the groups in E Congo in Jan., 2008, but conflicts between some of the many armed militias there continued. In Aug., 2008, government forces attacked Congolese Tutsi positions in E Congo, and ongoing fighting led the Tutsis to withdraw from the cease-fire agreement in October. After Tutsi successes against government forces, the government accused Rwanda of sending its troops into the Congo, a charge Rwanda denied; there was evidence, however, of Rwandan support for Congolese Tutsis. Rwanda and Congolese Tutsis countercharged that the government had allied itself with Rwandan Hutu militias accused of genocide. By the end of October Tutsi forces had advanced to Goma, the capital of Nord-Kivu. Peace negotiations, mediated by Olusegun Obasanjo, the former president of Nigeria, began in Dec., 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.635610580444336, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Meanwhile, in early 2008 there was violence between police forces and a religio-political sect (Bundu dia Kongo) in Bas-Congo prov.; the sect was banned in March. In Dec., 2008, after Ugandan rebels led by Joseph Kony, based in and around Garamba National Park, Orientale prov., in extreme NE Congo, failed to sign a peace agreement with Uganda. Ugandan, Congolese, and South Sudanese forces mounted a joint campaign against the rebels' bases that continued until Mar., 2009. The operation was only partially successful. Ugandan rebels continued to attack Congolese civilians in subsequent years, and the Ugandan military also continued small-scale operations in Congo against the group. Congo troops were included in a planned Ugandan-led four-nation African Union military force to capture Kony that was announced in 2012.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.196013450622559, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "A joint Rwandan-Congolese operation (Feb.–Mar., 2009) captured Laurent Nkunda, the Congolese Tutsi leader, which led to his forces integration in the Congolese army and a peace accord between the government and the Tutsi. Local militia groups also signed integration agreements, but in 2010 some former rebels accused the government of failing to honor the accords. Some rebels in Nord-Kivu and Sud-Kivu did not integrate, and remained a problem in subsequent months. The troops were less successful against the Rwandan Hutu militia, who resumed their attacks against civilians after the operation's end; the Hutu forces were the target of UN-supported Congolese operations in subsequent months. Both government and rebel forces were accused of criminal behavior and human-rights abuses in the conflict. The UN ended its support for Congolese government operations in Dec., 2009, amid criticism from aid agencies for heavy civilian casualties and from a UN panel for a lack of permanent results against Hutu forces, but a new UN and government offensive against the Hutu rebels began in early 2010. In Oct., 2009, ethnic fighting began in Equateur prov., and by Jan., 2010, some 120,000 had fled the area, most to the neighboring Republic of Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12136173248291, "source": "search", "title": "Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "country, Africa: see Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370954513549805, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "river, Africa: see Congo Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069951057434082, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": ", great river of equatorial Africa, c.2,720 mi (4,380 km) long, formed by the waters of the Lualaba River and its tributary, the Luvua River, and flowing generally N and W through Congo (Kinshasa) to the Atlantic Ocean.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.861551284790039, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Cahen, L.Geologiia Bel’giiskogo Kongo. Moscow, 1958. (Translated from French.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.998432159423828, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Robert, M.Le Congo physique, 3rd ed. Liège, 1946.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.521720886230469, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Encyclopédic du Congo Beige, vols. 1–3. Brussels, 1951–52.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25831127166748, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Carte des sols el de la végétation du Congo Beige et du Ruanda-Urundi. Brussels, 1954.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474223136901855, "source": "search", "title": "Zaïrean | Article about Zaïrean by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "From 1965, Mobutu Sésé Seko dominated the political life of Congo (Léopoldville), restructuring the state on more than one occasion, and claiming the title of \"Father of the Nation.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.00860595703125, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Joseph-Désiré Mobutu was born in the town of Lisala , on the Congo River , on 14 October 1930. His father, Albéric Gbemani, was a cook for a colonial magistrate in Lisala. Despite his birthplace, however, Mobutu belonged not to the dominant ethnic group of that region but rather to the Ngbandi , a small ethnic community whose domain lay far to the north, along the border with the Central African Republic .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.166338920593262, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Military service proved crucial in shaping Mobutu's career. Unlike many recruits, he spoke excellent French , which quickly won him a desk job. By November 1950, he was sent to the school for noncommissioned officers, where he came to know many members of the military generation who would assume control of the army after the flight of the Belgian officers in 1960. By the time of his discharge in 1956, Mobutu had risen to the rank of sergeant-major, the highest rank open to Congolese. He also had begun to write newspaper articles under a pseudonym.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272852897644043, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Mobutu returned to civilian life just as decolonization began to seem possible. His newspaper articles had brought him to the attention of Pierre Davister, a Belgian editor of the Léopoldville paper L'Avenir (The Future.) At that time, a European patron was of enormous benefit to an ambitious Congolese; under Davister's tutelage, Mobutu became an editorial writer for the new African weekly, Actualités Africaines. Davister later would provide valuable services by giving favorable coverage to the Mobutu regime as editor of his own Belgian magazine, Spécial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402179718017578, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "During 1949–60, politically ambitious young Congolese were busy constructing political networks for themselves. Residence in Belgium prevented Mobutu from the path of many of his peers at home, who were building ethno-regional clientèles. But their approach would have been unpromising for him in any case, since the Ngbandi were a small and peripheral community, and among the so called Ngala (Lingala-speaking immigrants in Léopoldville) such figures as Jean Bolikango were potential opponents. Mobutu pursued another route, as Belgian diplomatic, intelligence, and financial interests sought clients among the Congolese students and interns in Brussels .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.121001243591309, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Main article: Congo Crisis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48009204864502, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Fatefully, Mobutu also had met Patrice Lumumba , when the latter arrived in Brussels. He allied himself with Lumumba (whose school background, like that of Mobutu, inclined him to anticlericalism), when the Congolese National Movement ( Mouvement National Congolais – MNC) split into two wings identified, respectively, with Lumumba and Albert Kalonji . By early 1960, Mobutu had been named head of the MNC-Lumumba office in Brussels. He attended the Round Table Conference on independence held in Brussels in January 1960 and returned home only three weeks before Independence Day, 30 June. When the army mutinied against its Belgian officers, Mobutu was a logical choice to help fill the void. Lumumba, elected prime minister in May 1960, named as commander in chief a member of his own ethnic group, Victor Lundula, but Mobutu was Lumumba's choice as chief of staff.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.276042938232422, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Authenticity provided Mobutu with his strongest claim to philosophical originality. So far from implying a rejection of modernity , authenticity is perhaps best seen as an effort to reconcile the claims of the traditional Zairian culture with the exigencies of modernization . Exactly how this synthesis was to be accomplished remained unclear, however. What is beyond doubt is Mobutu's effort to use the concept of authenticity as a means of vindicating his own brand of leadership. As he himself stated, \"in our African tradition there are never two chiefs … That is why we Congolese, in the desire to conform to the traditions of our continent, have resolved to group all the energies of the citizens of our country under the banner of a single national party.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.719922065734863, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "First Congo War", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44373607635498, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Main article: First Congo War", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480581283569336, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "WARNING: Parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are not safe for independent travel or sightseeing. Those visiting for business, research, or international aid purposes should consult with their organization and seek expert guidance before planning a trip. Still, crime in Kinshasa is considerably lower than in African cities like Lagos, Nairobi or Johannesburg. In the eastern part of the country, there is the LRA near the border with the CAR/Sudan/Uganda and an ongoing conflict in N/S Kivu (except Goma & Virunga NP) which make those regions most emphatically not safe for travel. If you must go to those regions, see War zone safety .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.414349555969238, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Republique Democratique du Congo) (Abbreviated:DROC) is a country in Central Africa . It straddles the Equator and is surrounded by Angola to the southwest, (Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province lies to the west and north of a very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean), Republic of the Congo to the northwest, Central African Republic to the north, Sudan to the northeast, Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi , and Tanzania in the east from north to south, and Zambia to the southeast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.738178253173828, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Map of Congo, Democratic Republic of the", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.411786079406738, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo is divided into 25 provinces and one independent city ( Kinshasa ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479846954345703, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Mobutu Sese Seko was president from 24 November 1965 until forced into exile on 16 May 1997 when his government was overthrown militarily by Laurent Kabila. Kabila immediately assumed governing authority, but his regime was subsequently challenged by a Rwanda- and Uganda-backed rebellion in August 1998. Troops from Zimbabwe , Angola , Namibia , Chad , and Sudan intervened to support the Kinshasa regime. A cease-fire was signed on 10 July 1999 by the DROC, Zimbabwe, Angola, Uganda , Namibia, Rwanda , and Congolese armed rebel groups, but sporadic fighting continued.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.459138870239258, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Kabila was assassinated in January 2001 and was succeeded by his son Joseph Kabila. In October 2002, the new president was successful in getting occupying Rwandan forces to withdraw from eastern Congo; two months later, an agreement was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and set up a government of national unity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207490921020508, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "From Uganda to Congo via Bunagana Kisoro Border. There is many buses which operate daily between Bunagana /Uganda and Goma every day between 7AM and 1PM. Prices for the bus is US$5. A valid visa for both countries is required in either direction.Entry and exit procedures at Bunagana border are \"easy\" and straight forward and people are very helpful in assisting visitors to get through without troubles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.573355674743652, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Due to the immense size of the country, the terrible state of the roads and the poor security situation, the only way to get around the country quickly is by plane. This is not to say that it's safe — Congolese planes crash with depressing regularity, with eight recorded crashes in 2007 alone — but it's probably the safest option. The largest carriers are Hewa Bora [1] , Wimbi Dira [2] and Compagnie Africain d'Aviation [3] .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.496583938598633, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "As smaller vehicles are unable to negotiate what remains of the roads, a lot of travel in the Congo is done by truck. If you go to a truck park, normally near the market, you should be able to find a truck driver to take you where ever you want, conflict zones aside. You travel on top of the load with a large number of others. If you pick a truck carrying bags of something soft like peanuts it can be quite comfortable. Beer trucks are not. If the trip takes days then comfort can be vital, especially if the truck goes all night. It helps to sit along the back, as the driver will not stop just because you want the toilet. The cost has to be negotiated so ask hotel staff first and try not to pay more than twice the local rate. Sometimes the inside seat is available. Food can be bought from the driver, though they normally stop at roadside stalls every 5/6 hours. Departure time are normally at the start or end of the day, though time is very flexible. It helps to make arrangements the day before. It is best to travel with a few others. Women should never ever travel alone. Some roads have major bandit problems so check carefully before going.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.536628723144531, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "A ferry on the Congo River operates, if security permits, from Kinshasa to Kisangani, every week or two. You can pick it up at a few stops enroute, though you have to rush as it doesn't wait. A suitable bribe to the ferry boss secures a four bunk cabin and cafeteria food. The ferry consists of 4 or so barges are tied around a central ferry, with the barges used as a floating market. As the ferry proceeds wood canoes paddled by locals appear from the surrounding jungle with local produce - vegetables, pigs, monkeys, etc - which are traded for industrial goods like medicine or clothes. You sit on the roof watching as wonderful African music booms out. Of course it is not clean, comfortable or safe. It is however one of the world's great adventures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.330413818359375, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Much of the eastern and southern half speaks Swahili. The rest of the country speaks either Kikongo, Lingala (Kinshasa and surrounding areas/regions) Tshiluba, or a smaller tribal language.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.50838565826416, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo is the centre of popular African music. The rhythms are irresistible, once you get the feel for it. Try visiting a local bar or disco, in Bandal or Matonge (both in Kinshasa), if possible with live soukouss music, and just hit the dance floor!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.512184143066406, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The currency is the Congolese franc. Banknotes are issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 centimes, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 francs. The only Congolese bank notes currently in circulation in most places are the 50, 100, 200 and 500 franc notes. They are almost worthless, as the highest valued banknote (the 500 franc note) is worth only about 90 US cents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48111629486084, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo has one national dish: moambe. It's made of eight ingredients (moambe is the Lingala word for eight): palm nuts, chicken, fish, peanuts, rice, cassave leaves, bananas and hot pepper sauce.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.566579818725586, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Don't drink the local water. Bottled water seems to be cheap enough but sometimes hard to find for a good price. The usual soft drinks (called sucré in Congo) such as Coke, Pepsi and Mirinda are available in most places and are safe to drink. Local drinks like Vitalo are amazing. Traditional drinks like ginger are also common.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476683616638184, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo is malarial, so use insect repellent and take necessary precautions. Seek advice from a physician before visiting. Hygiene is not good, so beware of food and catering.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.464792251586914, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "There are safe hospitals in Kinshasa, like \"CMK\" (Centre Medical de Kinshasa) which is is private and was established by European doctors (a visit costs around 20$). Another one private and non-profit hospital is Centre Hospitalier MONKOLE, in Mont-Ngafula district, with European and Congolese doctors. Dr Léon Tshilolo, a paediatrician trained in Europe and one of African experts in Sickle-Cell Anaemia, is the Monkole Medical Director.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489295959472656, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history - geography - capital at Kinshasa | Britannica.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499306678771973, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.396002769470215, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Alternative Titles: Congo-Kinshasa, DRC, Republic of the Congo, République Démocratique du Congo, République du Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48367977142334, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.396002769470215, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "National anthem of the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.439764022827148, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "République Democratique du Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449806213378906, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), country located in central Africa . Officially known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the country has a 25-mile (40-km) coastline on the Atlantic Ocean but is otherwise landlocked. It is the second largest country on the continent; only Algeria is larger. The capital, Kinshasa , is located on the Congo River about 320 miles (515 km) from its mouth. The largest city in central Africa, it serves as the country’s official administrative, economic, and cultural centre. The country is often referred to by its acronym , the DRC, or called Congo (Kinshasa), with the capital added parenthetically, to distinguish it from the other Congo republic, which is officially called the Republic of the Congo and is often referred to as Congo (Brazzaville).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.5291748046875, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Elephants wade across a stream in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474363327026367, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo is rich in natural resources. It boasts vast deposits of industrial diamonds, cobalt , and copper; one of the largest forest reserves in Africa; and about half of the hydroelectric potential of the continent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476202011108398, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Congo is bounded to the north by the Central African Republic and South Sudan ; to the east by Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi , and Tanzania ; to the southeast by Zambia ; and to the southwest by Angola . To the west are the country’s short Atlantic coastline, the Angolan exclave of Cabinda , and Congo (Brazzaville) .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354084968566895, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The country’s major topographical features include a large river basin, a major valley, high plateaus, three mountain ranges, and a low coastal plain. Most of the country is composed of the central Congo basin , a vast rolling plain with an average elevation of about 1,700 feet (520 metres) above sea level. The lowest point of 1,109 feet (338 metres) occurs at Lake Mai-Ndombe (formerly Lake Leopold II), and the highest point of 2,296 feet (700 metres) is reached in the hills of Mobayi-Mbongo and Zongo in the north. The basin may once have been an inland sea whose only vestiges are Lakes Tumba and Mai-Ndombe in the west-central region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.117071151733398, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Mount Nyiragongo, an active volcano, is situated in the Virunga Mountains, Dem. Rep. of the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433844566345215, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "High plateaus border almost every other side of the central basin. In the north the Ubangi-Uele plateaus form the divide between the Nile and Congo river basins. Rising to between 3,000 and 4,000 feet (915 and 1,220 metres), these plateaus also separate the central basin from the vast plains of the Lake Chad system. In the south the plateaus begin at the lower terraces of the Lulua and Lunda river valleys and rise gradually toward the east. In the southeast the ridges of the plateaus of Katanga (Shaba) province tower over the region; they include Kundelungu at 5,250 feet (1,600 metres), Mitumba at 4,920 feet (1,500 metres), and Hakansson at 3,610 feet (1,100 metres). The Katanga plateaus reach as far north as the Lukuga River and contain the Manika Plateau, the Kibara and the Bia mountains, and the high plains of Marungu.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.993621826171875, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo River, including its 1,336,000-square-mile (3,460,000-square-km) basin, is the country’s main drainage system. The river rises in the high Katanga plateaus and flows north and then south in a great arc, crossing the Equator twice. The lower river flows southwestward to empty into the Atlantic Ocean below Matadi . Along its course, the Congo passes through alluvial lands and swamps and is fed by the waters of many lakes and tributaries. The most important lakes are Mai-Ndombe and Tumba; the major tributaries are the Lomami , Aruwimi, and Ubangi rivers and those of the great Kasai River system. In addition, the Lukuga River links the basin to the Western Rift Valley.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.975532531738281, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo River basin and its drainage network.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.88421630859375, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Enya people fishing in the rapids of the Congo River near Kisangani, Dem. Rep. of the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.238730430603027, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Soils are of two types: those of the equatorial areas and those of the drier savanna (grassland) regions. Equatorial soils occur in the warm, humid lowlands of the central basin, which receive abundant precipitation throughout the year and are covered mainly with thick forests. This soil is almost fixed in place because of the lack of erosion in the forests. In swampy areas the very thick soil is constantly nourished by humus, the organic material resulting from the decomposition of plant or animal matter. Savanna soils are threatened by erosion, but the river valleys contain rich and fertile alluvial soils. The highlands of the Great Lakes region in eastern Congo are partly covered with rich soil derived from volcanic lava. This is the country’s most productive agricultural area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376787185668945, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Most of Congo lies within the inner humid tropical, or equatorial, climatic region extending five degrees north and south of the Equator. Southern Congo and the far north have somewhat drier subequatorial climates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.506098747253418, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The seasonally mobile intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a major determinant of the climate. Along this zone the trade winds originating in the Northern and Southern hemispheres meet, forcing unstable tropical air aloft. The air that is forced upward is cooled, and the resulting condensation produces prolonged and heavy precipitation. In July and August this zone of maximum precipitation occurs in the north; it then shifts into central Congo in September and October. Between November and February the southern parts of the country receive maximum precipitation. Thereafter the ITCZ moves northward again, crossing central Congo in March and April, so this zone has two rainfall maxima. The extreme eastern highlands lie outside the path of the ITCZ and are subject to the influence of the southeastern trade winds alone. In addition to the ITCZ, elevation and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its maritime influences also act as factors of climatic differentiation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.809135437011719, "source": "search", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) | history ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "From 1965, Mobutu Sésé Seko dominated the political life of Congo (Léopoldville), restructuring the state on more than one occasion, and claiming the title of \"Father of the Nation.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.00860595703125, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Joseph-Désiré Mobutu was born in the town of Lisala, on the Congo River , on 14 October 1930. His father, Albéric Gbemani, was a cook for a colonial magistrate in Lisala. Despite his birthplace, however, Mobutu belonged not to the dominant ethnic group of that region but rather to the Ngbandi, a small ethnic community whose domain lay far to the north, along the border with the Central African Republic .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.166338920593262, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Military service proved crucial in shaping Mobutu's career. Unlike many recruits, he spoke excellent French, which quickly won him a desk job. By November 1950, he was sent to the school for noncommissioned officers, where he came to know many members of the military generation who would assume control of the army after the flight of the Belgian officers in 1960. By the time of his discharge in 1956, Mobutu had risen to the rank of sergeant-major, the highest rank open to Congolese. He also had begun to write newspaper articles under a pseudonym.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272852897644043, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Mobutu returned to civilian life just as decolonization began to seem possible. His newspaper articles had brought him to the attention of Pierre Davister, a Belgian editor of the Léopoldville paper L'Avenir (The Future.) At that time, a European patron was of enormous benefit to an ambitious Congolese; under Davister's tutelage, Mobutu became an editorial writer for the new African weekly, Actualités Africaines. Davister later would provide valuable services by giving favorable coverage to the Mobutu regime as editor of his own Belgian magazine, Spécial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402179718017578, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "During 1949–60, politically ambitious young Congolese were busy constructing political networks for themselves. Residence in Belgium prevented Mobutu from the path of many of his peers at home, who were building ethno-regional clientèles. But their approach would have been unpromising for him in any case, since the Ngbandi were a small and peripheral community, and among the so called Ngala (Lingala-speaking immigrants in Léopoldville) such figures as Jean Bolikango were potential opponents. Mobutu pursued another route, as Belgian diplomatic, intelligence, and financial interests sought clients among the Congolese students and interns in Brussels .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.121001243591309, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Fatefully, Mobutu also had met Patrice Lumumba, when the latter arrived in Brussels. He allied himself with Lumumba (whose school background, like that of Mobutu, inclined him to anticlericalism), when the Congolese National Movement (Mouvement National Congolais – MNC) split into two wings identified, respectively, with Lumumba and Albert Kalonji. By early 1960, Mobutu had been named head of the MNC-Lumumba office in Brussels. He attended the Round Table Conference on independence held in Brussels in January 1960 and returned home only three weeks before Independence Day, 30 June. When the army mutinied against its Belgian officers, Mobutu was a logical choice to help fill the void. Lumumba, elected prime minister in May 1960, named as commander in chief a member of his own ethnic group, Victor Lundula, but Mobutu was Lumumba's choice as chief of staff.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.276042938232422, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Authenticity provided Mobutu with his strongest claim to philosophical originality. So far from implying a rejection of modernity , authenticity is perhaps best seen as an effort to reconcile the claims of the traditional Zairian culture with the exigencies of modernization . Exactly how this synthesis was to be accomplished remained unclear, however. What is beyond doubt is Mobutu's effort to use the concept of authenticity as a means of vindicating his own brand of leadership. As he himself stated, \"in our African tradition there are never two chiefs … That is why we Congolese, in the desire to conform to the traditions of our continent, have resolved to group all the energies of the citizens of our country under the banner of a single national party.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.719922065734863, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "First Congo War", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44373607635498, "source": "search", "title": "Zaire - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "country, Africa: see Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370954513549805, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "river, Africa: see Congo Congo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069951057434082, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": ", great river of equatorial Africa, c.2,720 mi (4,380 km) long, formed by the waters of the Lualaba River and its tributary, the Luvua River, and flowing generally N and W through Congo (Kinshasa) to the Atlantic Ocean.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.861551284790039, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Kongo", "passage": "Cahen, L.Geologiia Bel’giiskogo Kongo. Moscow, 1958. (Translated from French.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.998432159423828, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Robert, M.Le Congo physique, 3rd ed. Liège, 1946.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.521720886230469, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Encyclopédic du Congo Beige, vols. 1–3. Brussels, 1951–52.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25831127166748, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Carte des sols el de la végétation du Congo Beige et du Ruanda-Urundi. Brussels, 1954.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474223136901855, "source": "search", "title": "Republic of Zaire | Article about Republic of Zaire by The ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins (July 25, 1844 – June 25, 1916) was an American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important artists in American art history. ", "precise_score": 7.460370063781738, "rough_score": 7.806365489959717, "source": "wiki", "title": "Thomas Eakins" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins (July 25, 1844 – June 25, 1916) was an American realist painter, photographer[2], sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important artists in American art history.[3][4]", "precise_score": 6.942444801330566, "rough_score": 7.564783573150635, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Thomas Eakins - American Art Gallery" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "She and Eakins both shared a passion for photography, both as photographers and subjects, and employed it as a tool for their art. She also posed nude for many of his photos and took images of him. Both had separate studios in their home.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.17201794683933258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Thomas Eakins" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "She and Eakins both shared a passion for photography, both as photographers and subjects, and employed it as a tool for their art. She also posed nude for many of his photos and took images of him. Both had separate studios in their home.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.17201794683933258, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins Biography" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "She and Eakins both shared a passion for photography, both as photographers and subjects, and employed it as a tool for their art. She also posed nude for many of his photos and took images of him. Both had separate studios in their home.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.17201794683933258, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Thomas Eakins - American Art Gallery" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "33.  ^  Rosenheim, Jeff L., \"Thomas Eakins, Artist-Photographer, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art\", Thomas Eakins and the Metropolitan Museum, page 45. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.627068042755127, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Thomas Eakins - American Art Gallery" } ]

[ { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "Edwin Hubble, who did most of his major work in the first half of the twentieth century, had perhaps the most momentous discovery of all of the astronomers on this list. Hubble is credited with discovering galaxies outside of our own Milky Way. Although the race to solve this mystery had contributions from many different scientists, it was Hubble’s observations through the Hooker telescope, around the year 1923, that proved to the scientific community that there was more to outer space than the Milky Way. In essence, with one finding, Hubble ballooned the Universe from a galaxy of about a hundred thousand light years across, with approximately one hundred billion stars, to an indefinite expanse of intergalactic space, billions of light years across, and with a seemingly infinite amount of stars.", "precise_score": 10.165058135986328, "rough_score": 8.845210075378418, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Most Important Astronomers - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "Edwin Hubble, credited with the discovery of the expansion of the universe, at the Mount Wilson Observatory", "precise_score": 2.581385612487793, "rough_score": 2.111037492752075, "source": "search", "title": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "At the same time Einstein was expanding man's view of the universe, American astronomer Edwin Hubble (1899-1953) calculated that a small blob in the sky existed outside of the Milky Way. Prior to his observations, the discussion over the size of the universe was divided as to whether or not only a single galaxy existed. Hubble went on to determine that the universe itself was expanding, a calculation which later came to be known as Hubble's law. Hubble's observations of the various galaxies allowed him to create a standard system of classification still used today.", "precise_score": 2.3970603942871094, "rough_score": -5.796817302703857, "source": "search", "title": "Famous Astronomers | List of Great Scientists in Astronomy" }, { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "American astronomer Harlow Shapley (1885-1972) calculated the size of the Milky Way galaxy and general location of its center. He argued that the objects known as \"nebula\" lay within the galaxy, rather than outside of it, and in 1920 participated in the \"Great Debate\". He also incorrectly disagreed with Edwin Hubble's observations that the universe boasted galaxies other than the Milky Way.", "precise_score": 4.3755574226379395, "rough_score": -1.3188800811767578, "source": "search", "title": "Famous Astronomers | List of Great Scientists in Astronomy" }, { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "Edwin Hubble", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.513306617736816, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Most Important Astronomers - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Edwin Powell Hubble", "passage": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456856727600098, "source": "search", "title": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Edwin Powell Hubble", "passage": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456856727600098, "source": "search", "title": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Edwin Powell Hubble", "passage": "Often lauded as the father of modern cosmology, Edwin Powell Hubble made several significant discoveries that changed how scientists viewed the universe. Born in 1889, Hubble began his professional life as a lawyer, but returned to school after only a few years to obtain a doctorate in astronomy. [See also our overview of Famous Astronomers and great scientists from many fields who have contributed to the rich history of discoveries in astronomy .]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.946004867553711, "source": "search", "title": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography - Space.com" }, { "answer": "E. Hubble", "passage": "In the 1920s, the small, diffuse patches in the sky were termed nebulae, and were thought to exist within the Milky Way. While examining images of NGC 6822, M33, and M31 individually, Hubble noticed a pulsating star known as a Cepheid variable inside each one. Cepheids are special because their pulsation allows for precise measurements of distance. Hubble calculated how far away each Cepheid lay — and thus how far to each nebula — and realized they were too distant to be inside of the Milky Way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.251033782958984, "source": "search", "title": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography - Space.com" }, { "answer": "E. Hubble", "passage": "Though Hubble is most well known for these major discoveries, he also made a number of other contributions to the field of astronomy, and numerous awards. But he never received the Nobel Prize, despite his role in improving the existing understanding of the universe. During his lifetime, astronomy was considered a field of physics for the world-renowned Nobel Prize. Hubble labored in vain for a change that would allow astronomers such as himself to be recognized. Unfortunately, it didn't happen until 1953, the year Hubble died. Since the Nobel Prize cannot be awarded posthumously, Hubble was ineligible.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.908150672912598, "source": "search", "title": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "In 1990, 101 years after Hubble's death, NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit around the Earth. The telescope, named for Edwin Hubble, has provided a wealth of information about the cosmos, transmitting hundreds of thousands of images to scientists on Earth. It has allowed for more precise calculations of the age of the universe, shown galaxies in all stages of the universe, and played a key role in the discovery of dark energy, the force causing the universe to expand. [ Celestial Photos: Hubble Space Telescope's Latest Cosmic Views ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.206189155578613, "source": "search", "title": "Edwin Powell Hubble: Biography - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "In 1919, American astronomer Edwin Hubble tackled the question. His keen astronomical knowledge was combined with a powerful tool – the Hooker telescope with its 100-inch mirror, on top of Mount Wilson in California. Hubble used the telescope’s resolution and light-gathering power to take a series of photographs of the great nebula in Andromeda. For the first time, the images revealed faint stars in the nebula.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.112417221069336, "source": "search", "title": "Discovery: Other galaxies exist - AmazingSpace" }, { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "In 1919 American astronomer Edwin Hubble began work at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California, which boasted the most powerful telescope to date.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.94178581237793, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble identifies a new galaxy - PBS" }, { "answer": "Edwin Hubble", "passage": "Astronomer Edwin Hubble classified galaxies into four major types: spiral, barred spiral, elliptical and irregular. Most of the nearby, bright galaxies are spirals, barred spirals or ellipticals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.385584831237793, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - Reference Desk - FAQs" }, { "answer": "Edwin P. Hubble", "passage": "Who is Edwin P. Hubble and what has he to do with galaxies?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.453222274780273, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - Reference Desk - FAQs" }, { "answer": "Edwin P. Hubble", "passage": "Edwin P. Hubble revolutionized cosmology by proving that the clouds of light astronomers saw in the night sky were actually other galaxies beyond our Milky Way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.34797191619873, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - Reference Desk - FAQs" }, { "answer": "Edwin Powell Hubble", "passage": "Edwin Powell Hubble was born in Marshfield, Missouri. In 1910, he received his undergraduate degree from the University of Chicago and studied law under a Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University. His true love, however, was astronomy, and he returned to the University of Chicago to earn a Ph.D. in that subject and work at the Yerkes Observatory. He served in the infantry during World War I.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23284912109375, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - Reference Desk - FAQs" } ]

[ { "answer": "Michael Stich", "passage": "With new coach Brad Gilbert on board, Agassi began to employ more of a tactical, consistent approach, which fueled his resurgence. He started slowly in 1994, losing in the first week at the French Open and Wimbledon. Nevertheless, he emerged during the hard-court season, winning the Canadian Open. His comeback culminated at the 1994 US Open with a five-set fourth-round victory against compatriot Michael Chang. He then became the first man to capture the US Open as an unseeded player, beating Michael Stich in the final. Along the way, he beat 5 seeded players.", "precise_score": 2.647648811340332, "rough_score": 3.1310386657714844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Andre Agassi" }, { "answer": "Michael Stich", "passage": "John McEnroe collected his fifth Wimbledon men's doubles title as he and Michael Stich beat Americans Jim Grabb and Richie Reneberg 5-7, 7-6(5), 3-6, 7-6(5), 19-17 in a record-breaking final. McEnroe had been dumped out of the singles by the sprightly Andre Agassi in the semi-finals, and so his and Stich's performance, in the longest men's doubles final since the 1968 Roche and Newcombe victory over Rosewall and Stolle, certainly made amends.", "precise_score": 3.773826837539673, "rough_score": 6.843369483947754, "source": "search", "title": "History - 1990s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Stich", "passage": "Six of the 18 female winners in the Open Era have not reached world no. 1 ranking. These are, in chronological order: Ann Haydon-Jones, Virginia Wade, Conchita Martínez, Jana Novotná, Petra Kvitová, and Marion Bartoli. Although the men ranked world no. 1 have been dominant in Wimbledon (11 of the 20 Open Era winners), four champions reached a career high of world no. 2, Arthur Ashe, Michael Stich, Goran Ivanišević, and Andy Murray. Richard Krajicek, Pat Cash, and Jan Kodeš, who reached career highs of only no. 4, have also won the singles championship.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.153007984161377, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Championships, Wimbledon" }, { "answer": "Michael Stich", "passage": "Bob Falkenburg's 1948 Wimbledon triumph barely edged out Michael Stich's 1991 title and Petra Kvitova's 2011 championship for the final spot on our list.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1011300086975098, "source": "search", "title": "Ranking the 10 Most Unlikely Wimbledon Winners in History ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Stich", "passage": "1992: John McEnroe v Michael Stich", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.983933448791504, "source": "search", "title": "History - 1990s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Stich", "passage": "Henman went on to beat Krajicek in a four-set, three tie-break thriller before losing to Michael Stich in the quarter-finals. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61843204498291, "source": "search", "title": "History - 1990s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Stich", "passage": "1991 Michael Stich", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142247200012207, "source": "search", "title": "WIMBLEDON Tennis Schedule , Information and Records" } ]

[ { "answer": "Morocco", "passage": "Location Map of Boukhalef Airport, Morocco", "precise_score": 6.397937774658203, "rough_score": 6.362945556640625, "source": "search", "title": "Boukhalef Airport (TNG), Morocco: Location Map, Address ..." }, { "answer": "Morocco", "passage": "Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport (French: Aéroport Tanger Ibn Battouta, (IATA: TNG, ICAO: GMTT) is an airport serving Tangier (Tanger in French), the capital city of the Tangier-Tétouan region in Morocco. The airport is named for Ibn Battouta (1304–1368), a Moroccan scholar and traveler who was born in Tangier. The airport was also known as Tangier-Boukhalef Airport.", "precise_score": 4.882779598236084, "rough_score": 5.2502665519714355, "source": "search", "title": "Tangier Boukhalef Airport - Airline and airport information" }, { "answer": "Morocco", "passage": "Two main Moroccan airports handle most of the country's incoming flights. One of these airports is the Marrakech Menara International Airport. The country's other major airport is the Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca . Due to the fact that the Moroccan government wants to see an increase in tourism, more of the smaller airports in Morocco are also starting to accept international flights. The airport in the seaside resort of Agadir , for example, accepts flights from Europe, which can help travelers get to their beachfront hotel or vacation rental more directly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.99030876159668, "source": "search", "title": "Moroccan Airports - Marrakech Menara International Airport" }, { "answer": "Morocco", "passage": "While the smaller airports in Morocco service flights from European countries like England and Spain, most of the international flights arrive in Casablanca. The Mohamed V Airport is only about eighteen miles south of Casablanca, and it is linked to both Casablanca and the capital city of Rabat by affordable shuttle trains. There is a tourist information desk at the airport in Casablanca, and it can help incoming travelers figure out where to stay, how to get where they are going, or where to eat, among other things. For those without hotel reservations, some of the major Casablanca and Rabat hotels have representatives at the airport. Car rental agencies also provide onsite representatives that can hook travelers up with some wheels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.496746063232422, "source": "search", "title": "Moroccan Airports - Marrakech Menara International Airport" }, { "answer": "Morocco", "passage": "Morocco Map", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371158599853516, "source": "search", "title": "Moroccan Airports - Marrakech Menara International Airport" }, { "answer": "Morocco", "passage": "In 2006, the Moroccan government declared an open-skies policy, deregulating its airline industry in the process. The move was made in an effort to increase tourism, and it has worked. These days, travelers can fly into any number of Moroccan airports. This allows for less ground transportation issues. Travelers who wish to spend the bulk of their time in Fes , for example, can fly to the small Saiss Airport, which handled nearly half a million passengers in 2008. Flights to Fes commonly depart from London, Paris, and Frankfurt. Some of the other airports in Morocco that travelers might also keep in mind include the Al Massira Airport and the Boukhalef Airport. The former can be found near Agadir, while the latter is close to Tangier .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4039323329925537, "source": "search", "title": "Moroccan Airports - Marrakech Menara International Airport" }, { "answer": "Morocco", "passage": "The various airports in Morocco are poised to accept even more flights in the coming years, and this is part of the reason why interest in Morocco tourism is increasing. There are lots of rewarding things to do in Morocco and lots of interesting places to do them in. For those who want to get around to all the top destinations on their visit, the various Moroccan airports can come in extra handy. A flight from Casablanca to Agadir, for example, will save the traveler a ton of time over the lengthier ground transportation options. As a side note, Morocco cruises are available as well, and they offer another way to get to this fascinating African nation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.886503219604492, "source": "search", "title": "Moroccan Airports - Marrakech Menara International Airport" } ]

[ { "answer": "Fallin' In Love", "passage": "Dan Hamilton, Joe Frank Carollo, and Tommy Reynolds played together in a variety of Los Angeles groups, scoring a hit as part of the T-Bones, a studio group whose \"No Matter What Shape Your Stomach's In\" was based on a popular Alka Seltzer jingle. Inspired by the summery AM radio pop of Three Dog Night, the trio formed the extremely similar Hamilton, Joe Frank and Reynolds in 1970, signed with Dunhill Records and immediately scored a Top Five hit with \"Don't Pull Your Love (Out).\" None of the follow-up singles had any success, and Tommy Reynolds left the group in 1973. In an act of cynicism unparalleled in rock & roll, either Hamilton and Carollo or (more likely) Dunhill drafted singer Joe Carrero to take Reynolds' place, yet didn't change the name of the band! The assumption must have been that it was foolish to risk what little name recognition the floundering group already had. It worked, because the refurbished trio hit number one with 1975's \"Fallin' In Love\" before disappearing for good. Dan Hamilton died of a stroke in December 1994. ~ Stewart Mason, Rovi", "precise_score": 5.733687400817871, "rough_score": 6.571922302246094, "source": "search", "title": "Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds | New Music And Songs" }, { "answer": "Fallin' In Love", "passage": "Dan Hamilton, Joe Frank Carollo, and Tommy Reynolds played together in a variety of Los Angeles groups, scoring a hit as part of the T-Bones, a studio group whose \"No Matter What Shape Your Stomach's In\" was based on a popular Alka Seltzer jingle. Inspired by the summery AM radio pop of Three Dog Night, the trio formed the extremely similar Hamilton, Joe Frank and Reynolds in 1970, signed with Dunhill Records and immediately scored a Top Five hit with \"Don't Pull Your Love (Out).\" None of the follow-up singles had any success, and Tommy Reynolds left the group in 1973. In an act of cynicism unparalleled in rock & roll, either Hamilton and Carollo or (more likely) Dunhill drafted singer Joe Carrero to take Reynolds' place, yet didn't change the name of the band! The assumption must have been that it was foolish to risk what little name recognition the floundering group already had. It worked, because the refurbished trio hit number one with 1975's \"Fallin' In Love\" before disappearing for good. Dan Hamilton died of a stroke in December 1994.", "precise_score": 5.8110246658325195, "rough_score": 6.557931900024414, "source": "search", "title": "Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds | Download Music, Tour ..." }, { "answer": "Fallin' In Love", "passage": "It's tempting to say that \"Greatest Hit\" would be a more appropriate title for this quickie budget collection, but even that would be a misnomer; bizarrely, Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds ' biggest hit, 1975's number-one smash \"\"Fallin' in Love (Again),\"\" isn't included. (Yes, 1971's \"\"Don't Pull Your Love (Out)\"\" is present and accounted for. None of the other songs have unnecessary parentheses in them.) The other nine tracks are failed singles and album tracks, including unimpressive versions of \"\"Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got)\"\" and the Grass Roots ' \"\"Annabella,\"\" and a tiresome medley of \"\"Bridge Over Troubled Water\"\" and \"\"You've Got a Friend.\"\" \"\"Don't Pull Your Love (Out)\"\" and \"\"Fallin' in Love (Again)\"\" are both available on volumes of Rhino's superlative Super Hits of the 70s: Have a Nice Day series. Buy those, skip this.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.610597610473633, "source": "search", "title": "Greatest Hits - Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds | Songs ..." }, { "answer": "Fallin' In Love", "passage": "Hamilton, Joe Frank and Reynolds hold a special place in the annals of rock and not just for their oldies station perennial \"Don't Pull Your Love (Out).\" Imagine if Graham Nash left Crosby, Stills and Nash yet the band didn't bother to change their name. That's exactly what happened here. Dan Hamilton, Joe Frank Carollo, and Tommy Reynolds played together in a variety of Los Angeles groups, scoring a hit as part of the T-Bones, a studio group whose \"No Matter What Shape Your Stomach's In\" was based on a popular Alka Seltzer jingle. Inspired by the summery AM radio pop of Three Dog Night, the trio formed the extremely similar Hamilton, Joe Frank and Reynolds in 1970, signed with Dunhill Records and immediately scored a Top Five hit with \"Don't Pull Your Love (Out).\" None of the follow-up singles had any success, and Tommy Reynolds left the group in 1973. In an act of cynicism unparalleled in rock & roll, either Hamilton and Carollo or (more likely) Dunhill drafted singer Joe Carrero to take Reynolds' place, yet didn't change the name of the band! The assumption must have been that it was foolish to risk what little name recognition the floundering group already had. It worked, because the refurbished trio hit number one with 1975's \"Fallin' In Love\" before disappearing for good. Dan Hamilton died of a stroke in December 1994. ~ Stewart Mason", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.333220481872559, "source": "search", "title": "Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds on Apple Music" }, { "answer": "Fallin' In Love", "passage": "The group first hit the charts in 1971 with \"Don't Pull Your Love\". Reynolds left the group in late 1972, and was replaced by keyboardist Alan Dennison; however, the band still kept the name 'Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds'. This revised line-up performed the group's biggest hit, 1975's \"Fallin' in Love\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.949952602386475, "source": "search", "title": "Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds - Music on Google Play" }, { "answer": "Fallin' In Love", "passage": "Fallin' In Love by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds on Apple Music", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.151262640953064, "source": "search", "title": "Fallin' In Love by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds on Apple ..." }, { "answer": "Fallin' In Love", "passage": "The reformed Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds replaced Tommy Reynolds with Alan Dennison on piano and vocals for this beautiful pop album, Fallin' in Love. A far cry from their 1965 Top Five hit as The T-Bones and more elegant than their 1971 Top Five hit on ABC Dunhill, \"Don't Pull Your Love,\" the late Dan Hamilton penned two-and-a-half brilliant middle of the road classics: the top 25 \"Winners And Losers\" (that being the half-classic), the number one title track \"Fallin' in Love,\" and the phenomenal \"Everyday Without You,\" a 45 that failed to crack the top 40. This album is a paradox; the piano and orchestration pull you into the blue-eyed version of the Philly sound on \"Winners and Losers\" while side two goes nowhere fast. A cover of McDaniel's classic \"Who Do You Love\" on this easy listening album is as absurd as Aerosmith opening for Mahavishnu Orchestra in the '70s, which they did, which just goes to show the need of a George Martin or David Foster to keep the self-indulgence down. But, on the plus side, the sterling \"Everyday Without You\" is every bit as good, if not better, than \"Fallin' in Love,\" in every way. In production, instrumentation, and composition side one of this disc is a pop masterpiece, vocally and spiritually. That's not to say side two doesn't have its moments: the little dips into country are actually C&W meets adult contemporary, and that's not a bad formula, despite how rough and out of place \"Badman\" and \"Barroom Blues\" seem here. They can't compare to side one's mellow majesty, the nick of Neil Young/Gene Pitney performances on \"Only Love (Will Break Your Heart),\" and the poppy \"What Kind of Love Is This.\" Add the earlier hit \"Don't Pull Your Love,\" with its Tony Burrows/Edison Lighthouse/White Plains influences, into this heavy vocal mix, remove the superfluous material, and you have an adult contemporary pop phenomenon. \"Fallin' in Love\" was so universal in melody and theme that soulful versions found their way into clubs and set lists. Dan Hamilton was certainly an underrated and creative talent, and this album is an achievement by an artist who should have had many more hits leading a multi-talented band.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.711967468261719, "source": "search", "title": "Fallin' In Love by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds on Apple ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "1906", "passage": "Kellogg's was founded as the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company on February 19, 1906, by Will Keith Kellogg as an outgrowth of his work with his brother John Harvey Kellogg at the Battle Creek Sanitarium following practices based on the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The company produced and marketed the hugely successful Kellogg's Toasted Corn Flakes and was renamed the Kellogg Company in 1922.", "precise_score": 7.525062561035156, "rough_score": 7.344234943389893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kellogg's" }, { "answer": "1906", "passage": "Competition waxed fierce and more than forty cereal companies were launched in the United States in the early 1900s. John Harvey Kellogg was not really interested in business, but in reforming American eating habits. The taciturn, austere W.K., on the other hand, was a born businessman and resented playing second fiddle to his more flamboyant brother, from whom he bought the rights to the manufacture of cornflakes. In 1906 W.K. founded the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company. He spent heavily on advertising, including a campaign telling the reader to ‘wink at your grocer and see what you get’. What you got was a free sample of W.K.’s cornflakes. The campaign increased sales by a factor of fifteen in New York City and the company was rapidly profitable, but John Harvey’s Sanitas company continued in business and the brothers fell out over the Kellogg name, which they both used. In 1911 W.K. succeeded in a lawsuit to gain exclusive use of the Kellogg name in the United States, later extended to international markets after a legal battle that lasted from 1916-21. W.K. had started selling Bran Flakes in 1915 and All-Bran in 1916 and his firm was the Kellogg Cereal Company from 1922.", "precise_score": 5.666399955749512, "rough_score": 7.649895191192627, "source": "search", "title": "The Battle of the Cornflakes | History Today" }, { "answer": "1906", "passage": "1906 — W.K. Kellogg opened the “Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company” and carefully hired his first 44 employees. Together they created the initial batch of Kellogg’s® Corn Flakes® and brought to life W.K.’s vision for great-tasting, better-for-you breakfast foods.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.618063926696777, "source": "search", "title": "Our History - Kellogg's" }, { "answer": "1906", "passage": "The Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company, later to be known as Kellog's, was founded on February 19th, 1906.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.056199073791504, "source": "search", "title": "The Battle of the Cornflakes | History Today" }, { "answer": "1906", "passage": "Since 1906, people have come to know Kellogg as a company they can rely on for great- tasting, high-quality foods. With projected annual sales of more than $9 billion, Kellogg is the world's leading producer of cereal and a leading producer of convenience foods, including cookies, crackers, toaster pastries, cereal bars, frozen waffles, meat alternatives, pie crusts and cones. The company's brands include Kellogg's®, Keebler®, Pop-Tarts®, Eggo®, Cheez- It®, Nutri-Grain®, Rice Krispies®, Special K®, Murray®, Austin®, Morningstar Farms®, Famous Amos®, Carr's®, Plantation®, and Kashi®. Kellogg icons such as Tony the Tiger, Snap! Crackle! Pop!, and Ernie Keebler are among the most recognized characters in advertising. The products are manufactured in 19 countries and marketed in more than 160 countries around the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.623643398284912, "source": "search", "title": "International Marketing Mix of Kelloggs Cornflakes | Self ..." }, { "answer": "1906", "passage": "Kellogg has been found 1906 in Battle Creek, Michigan/ USA. Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and his brother Will Keith Kellogg developed the first wheat flakes of the world. The Battle Creek Toasted Cornflake Company started to produce on the first of April 1906.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.767989158630371, "source": "search", "title": "International Marketing Mix of Kelloggs Cornflakes | Self ..." }, { "answer": "1906", "passage": "1906 — W.K. Kellogg opened the “Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company” and carefully hired his first 44 employees. Together they created the initial batch of Kellogg’s® Corn Flakes® and brought to life W.K.’s vision for great-tasting, better-for-you breakfast foods.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.618063926696777, "source": "search", "title": "Our History - Kellogg's" }, { "answer": "1906", "passage": "It wasn’t until 1906 that Kellogg’s� Corn Flakes were made available to the general public. In 1909, the very first cereal premium was offered: The Funny Jungleland Moving Pictures Booklet available with the purchase of 2 packages. The offer was available for twenty-three years!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.513365268707275, "source": "search", "title": "Corn Flakes History - Invention of Kellpgg's Corn Flakes" }, { "answer": "1906", "passage": "Will Keith (W.K.) Kellogg, was born April 7, 1860. W.K., along with his brother, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, was the co-inventor of flaked cereal. Although W.K. lacked a formal education beyond the sixth grade, the cereal giant forever changed the way we eat breakfast. In 1906, W.K. Kellogg entered the cereal business, as American eating habits began shifting from heavy, fat-laden breakfasts to lighter, more grain-based meals. W.K. discovered that a better flake was produced by using only the corn grit or \"sweet heart of the corn.\" To help consumers distinguish Kellogg's Corn Flakes® cereal from the products of the 42 other cereal companies in Battle Creek, Michigan, W.K. put his signature on each package, saying that these Corn Flakes are the \"The Original.\" The company succeeded because it believed the entire populace, not just those on special diets, might be interested in wholesome cereal foods, and because it continually improved its product line and packaging techniques to meet the needs of an ever-changing and evolving consumer base.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.11731481552124, "source": "search", "title": "Kellogg Company History, Timeline" } ]

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hark bohm ingr, the marriage of maria braun hanna schygulla rainer werner fassbinder sealed dvd, new chaos as usual conversations about rainer werner fassbinder, rainer werner fassbinder collection arrow 10 films 7 region b blu book criterion, new world on a wire rainer werner fassbinder dvd the criterion collection, r128 lili marleen japanese rainer werner fassbinder showgirl hanna, guine bi 2008 mnh rainer werner fassbinder german film director cinema mu26, kamikaze 89 original folded poster 1982 rainer werner fassbinder, gods of the plague dvd 2003 rainer werner fassbinder 1970 very rare b, the bitter tears of petra von kant by rainer werner fassbinder sealed rare dvd, understanding rainer werner fassbinder film as private and public art by wat, rainer werner fassbinder ein reprasentant deutschlands seiner zeit by allmer, brigitte mira rainer werner fassbinder cool collector card from europe, querelle unfolded nm 23x33 andy warhol rainer werner fassbinder filmartgallery, the marriage of maria braun by fassbinder rainer werner rheuban joyce pap, guine bi 2008 mnh imperf rainer werner fassbinder german film directorcinema, guine bi 2008 mnh rainer werner fassbinder german film director cinema, 3 1978 rainer werner fassbinder movie despair photos dirk bogarde klaus lwitsch, 4 1978 rainer werner fassbinder movie despair photos dirk bogarde andra ferrol, despair poster dirk bogarderainer werner fassbinder original one sheet 27x41, vhs rainer werner fassbinders despairdirk bogardeandrea ferreol, rainer werner fassbinder commemorative collection 6972 volume 1 mint pal reg 2, used vg fassbinder plays paj books by rainer werner fassbinder, fox and his friends r1 dvd oop fr rainer werner fassbinder 1975 german lgbt, raben peer the music from rainer werner fassbinder cd , chinesisches roulette 141400 anna karina 1976 rainer werner fassbinder po, kamikaze 89 big box vhs mgmua 1984 rainer werner fassbinder scifi punk, guine bi 2008 mnh imperf rainer werner fassbinder german film director mu24, martha dvd new sealed carstensen karlheinz bohm rainer werner fassbinder, effi briest dvd the films of rainer werner fassbinder wellspring, das melodramatische bei rainer werner fassbinder by postel jeannine, rainer werner fassbinder german film director cinema guine bi 2008 mn mu90, rainer werner fassbinder german film director cinema guine bi 2008 mnh mu91, rainer werner fassbinders despair dvd, rainer werner fassbinder and the german theatre cambridge studies in modern the, new das melodramatische bei rainer werner fassbinder by postel jeannine paperbac, ulli lommel signed autograph in person 8x10 20x25 cm rainer werner fassbinder, the films of rainer werner fassbinder 2002 original usa one sheet, rainer werner fassbinder v1 new pal classic 4dvd set, rainer werner fassbinder 2 new pal arthouse 4dvd set, dirk bogarde despair german lobby card set 12 rainer werner fassbinder, rainer werner fassbinder in deutschland im herbst fassbinders radikale film, bolwieser 146103 elisabeth trissenaar 1977 rainer werner fassbinder poste, spirit of berlin lp sealed rainer werner fassbinder bertolt brecht , the merchant of four seasons r1 dvd 2002 oop rainer werner fassbinder german, fear of fear dvd out of print rare rainer werner fassbinder dvd oop brand new, love is colder than death dvd rainer werner fassbinder brand new authentic, personal experience and the media media interplay in rainer werner fassbinders, new a companion to rainer werner fassbinder, chaos as usual conversations about rainer werner fassbinder book new 000314325, rainer werner fassbinder set of 10 german lobby cards despair 1978 dirk bogarde, rainer werner fassbinder in 17 jahren 42 filmestationen eines lebens fur, used vg understanding rainer werner fassbinder film as private and public art, german movie poster querelle 1982 rainer werner fassbinder 33 x 46 inch , rainer werner fassbinder , rainer werner fassbinder germany in autumn vhs videotape , fox and his friends dvd 2002 out of print rainer werner fassbinder oop rare", "precise_score": -5.596349239349365, "rough_score": -5.3330841064453125, "source": "search", "title": "Rainer Werner Fassbinder - Classic Art Films" }, { "answer": "Lili Marleen", "passage": "* Lili Marleen (1981)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.071663856506348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hanna Schygulla" }, { "answer": "Lili Marleen", "passage": "Lili Marleen", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233927726745605, "source": "search", "title": "Fassbinder! - Harvard Film Archive" }, { "answer": "Lili Marleen", "passage": "Following the success of The Marriage of Maria Braun, Fassbinder created a controversial picture of life in Nazi Germany, focusing on another woman who is both participant in and victim of her times. Schygulla portrays the singer Lale Andersen, whose famous rendition of the song \"Lili Marleen\" became as popular with the besieged and dying troops of Germany as it did with those on the Soviet side. The story focuses on the unfulfilled love affair between the Nazi darling and a brilliant young Jewish-Swiss composer. This lush and incisive production both critiques and sympathizes with the state of mind of common people who are subject to powerful cultural forces.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6836137771606445, "source": "search", "title": "Fassbinder! - Harvard Film Archive" } ]

[ { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "Gunsmoke is an American radio and television Western drama series created by director Norman Macdonnell and writer John Meston. The stories take place in and around Dodge City, Kansas, during the settlement of the American West. The central character is lawman Marshal Matt Dillon, played by William Conrad on radio and James Arness on television. When aired in the UK, the television series was initially titled Gun Law, later reverting to Gunsmoke. ", "precise_score": 5.768828392028809, "rough_score": 6.824239730834961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gunsmoke" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "William Conrad (1920-1994), who was the original Marshall Dillon and one of radio's most prolific actors (he claimed he performed in 7500 radio programs) became a television producer and director. According to a \"TV Episode List\" published on Gunsmoke: The Great American Western, he directed two television episodes of Gunsmoke: \"Panacea Sikes\" (April 13, 1963) and \"Captain Sligo\" (January 4, 1971) , and narrated a third-- \"Women for Sale\" (September 10 & 17, 1973).", "precise_score": 3.299370288848877, "rough_score": 7.333094596862793, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke: Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "It is a very tough call between Dragnet and Gunsmoke, but I guess the incredible sound effects and the high quality writing, along with the talented cast of regular and guest supporting actors give Gunsmoke a decided edge in my own humble opinion. William Conrad had such a wonderful voice for radio and he also was a better actor in every respect than James Arness. Conrad's only drawbacks to playing Marshal Matt Dillon in the television version of Gunsmoke were his height and especially weight. Many people probably don't even know that he was a fighter pilot in World War II. He made the role of Matt Dillon his own on radio and I don't think Arness could ever have held a candle to him. I have watched the t.v. series many times for years before ever hearing the radio version and I definitely think the radio version is far superior in every respect. On t.v. both Dillon and the other regular characters (Doc Adams, Miss Kitty Russell and Chester Proudfoot (Goode on t.v.) and also (later Festus Haggan on t.v.) were seen less and less as the years went by and more guest stars were primarily given the reins and on-screen time. Matt Dillon was out-of-town far too much in the later t.v. episodes, often leaving Dodge City in the highly questionable hands of Festus and Newley, the town's blacksmith. While the t.v. show is a great classic, no question, as proven by the length of the time it was on the air, the radio show was consistently better in keeping Matt Dillon in Dodge City where he always belonged.", "precise_score": 5.521075248718262, "rough_score": 6.710918426513672, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "The radio version of \"Gunsmoke,\" which starred William Conrad as Marshal Matt Dillon, aired until 1961. When it moved to television in 1955, James Arness took over the starring role but Walsh remained as the show's announcer.", "precise_score": 6.82081413269043, "rough_score": 8.30154800415039, "source": "search", "title": "George Walsh, 88; Voice of \"Gunsmoke,\" KNX Newsman - latimes" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "The Gunsmoke TV series started out as a radio show in 1952 with the actor William Conrad doing the role of Matt Dillon, the town marshall. The show was on the radio for 9 years.", "precise_score": 7.056084632873535, "rough_score": 8.703567504882812, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - TV Cowboys" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "\"Gunsmoke,\" which originated on CBS radio in 1952 with William Conrad as the voice of Matt Dillon, debuted on TV as one of the first in a wave of \"adult westerns\" that sought to portray gunslingers and cowboys in a way that appealed to grown-up viewers, rather than youngsters.", "precise_score": 7.48020601272583, "rough_score": 8.074555397033691, "source": "search", "title": "'Gunsmoke' Star James Arness Dead at Age 88 - Newsmax" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "On the radio series (which ran from 1952 until 1961), Matt was portrayed by William Conrad, whose deep and resonant voice helped to project a larger than life presence. In the opening of most radio episodes, the announcer would describe the show as \"...the story of the violence that moved west with young America, and the story of a man who moved with it.\" William Conrad's Matt would take over, saying, \"I'm that man, Matt Dillon, United States Marshal -- the first man they look for and the last they want to meet. It's a chancy job, and it makes a man watchful . . . and a little lonely.\" Conrad's Matt provided bits of narration for many of the radio episodes, usually to help set the scene for the listener or to provide observations that assisted with character development. Inasmuch as the radio episodes were a bit darker and more violent in nature than the television episodes (especially in the radio series' early years), Conrad's Matt could sometimes be quick to anger and unhesitating with respect to taking violent courses of action. Paradoxically, however, Conrad's Matt often struggled internally with the need to utilize violence in order to fulfill his duties. He also struggled internally with the frequent needless tragedies that his job caused him to witness. These factors were the primary reasons that Conrad's Matt could occasionally become snappish and impatient with others (including his friends and allies). At all times, however, he managed to remain sufficiently in control of his emotions to perform his difficult job capably and impartially. Conrad's Matt would speak frequently of the still-fragile acceptance of law and order on the frontier and he would sometimes determine his course of action based upon what he honestly felt was necessary to preserve its long-term acceptance. In the radio version, Matt spoke of actual persons who were well known in the history of the American West, including Wyatt Earp and Billy the Kid (whose \"supposed\" origin figured in the very first episode of the radio series), and he often referred to Wild Bill Hickok as being a close personal friend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.020399056375026703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Matt Dillon (Gunsmoke)" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "In the television version (which ran from 1955 until 1975), and subsequent TV-movies (1987 to 1994), Matt was portrayed by James Arness. Since most of the early television episodes were based on stories and scripts from the radio version, Arness's initial interpretation and portrayal was similar to William Conrad's. However, as the television version continued, Arness's Matt evolved in a number of ways. In the television version, Matt became more resigned to the violent nature of his job, and he was generally less given to brooding about the dangers and tragedies inherent in it. Arness's Matt was somewhat more understanding and tolerant of people's foibles, and he was a bit more intuitive with respect to discerning persons who came to Dodge City with the intention of committing crimes. As Arness's Matt grew older and wiser, he became less inclined to use violence to subdue wrongdoers. However, he never hesitated to do so when the situation warranted. Because of Arness's large (6' 7\") physical presence, most of Matt's adversaries seemed overmatched unless there were several of them. In any event, only the toughest or the most foolhardy individuals dared challenge him to a fair fight. On a few occasions, he even proved himself capable of defeating burly bare-knuckle prize fighters. On television, Matt tended to be a man of fewer words, which can largely be attributed to the fundamental fact that television is a visual medium. Since the audience can see what is happening, there is less need to describe surroundings or events through the use of dialog. Arness's Matt thus naturally evolved into a \"strong, silent\" type of character who tended to act rather than talk at length about possible courses of action.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.538718223571777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Matt Dillon (Gunsmoke)" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "When the program came to television in 1955, the first episode was introduced by John Wayne in a brief film clip in which Wayne predicted that James Arness would become a major star. He went on to play the part for the next twenty years. A popular story holds that Wayne himself had been offered the part and had turned it down. Charles Marquis Warren, who produced the first year of the television version of Gunsmoke and made the major casting decisions, stated that he had jokingly asked Wayne whether he would be interested in the part in a casual social setting. He added that Wayne had indicated in no uncertain terms that he had no interest whatsoever. (Wayne was arguably the cinema's foremost box office attraction at the time.) Warren stated that the inquiry had not been serious inasmuch as Wayne could not realistically have been expected to abandon a thriving movie career for a less certain and immensely less lucrative television role. Wayne did, however, recommend James Arness for the part and his offer to introduce the first episode was readily accepted by CBS. Others who had auditioned for the part included Raymond Burr, Richard Boone, Denver Pyle, and William Conrad. All would go on to other television successes. Conrad, in particular, would continue to portray Matt on the radio series until it ended in 1961. He would also go on to direct a number of television programs (including two episodes of Gunsmoke), to become \"The Narrator\" for the original television series of The Fugitive (1963–1967) and star in two television series, Cannon (1971–1976) and Jake and the Fat Man (1987–1992).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4684600830078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Matt Dillon (Gunsmoke)" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "The radio series first aired on CBS on April 26, 1952 with the episode \"Billy the Kid\", written by Walter Newman, and ended on June 18, 1961. The show stars William Conrad as Marshal Matt Dillon, Howard McNear as Doc Charles Adams, Georgia Ellis as Kitty Russell, and Parley Baer as Dillon's assistant, Chester Wesley Proudfoot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.2052011489868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gunsmoke" }, { "answer": "Bill Conrad", "passage": "Two versions of the same pilot episode titled \"Mark Dillon Goes to Gouge Eye\" are in the archives with two different actors, Rye Billsbury and Howard Culver, playing Marshal \"Mark\" Dillon as the lead, not yet played by Conrad. Conrad was one of the last actors to audition for the role of Marshal Dillon. With a resonantly powerful and distinctive voice, Conrad was already one of radio's busiest actors. Though Meston championed him, Macdonnell thought Conrad might be overexposed. During his audition, however, Conrad won over Macdonnell after reading only a few lines. Dillon as portrayed by Conrad was a lonely, isolated man, toughened by a hard life. Macdonnell later claimed, \"Much of Matt Dillon's character grew out of Bill Conrad.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1150095462799072, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gunsmoke" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "* William Conrad", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203782081604004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gunsmoke" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "During Gunsmoke's nine years on the radio, CBS presented 480 performances of 413 scripts. Many of these radio plays were adapted to television. One, The Ride Back by Anthony Ellis, became a full length movie starring William Conrad and Anthony Quinn. When the series went off the air in 1961, the four actors who played the continuing characters moved on to other things.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.664090156555176, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke: Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "William Conrad", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195432662963867, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke: Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "William Conrad as Frank Cannon", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.763199806213379, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke: Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "William Conrad as J. L. McCabe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.943411827087402, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke: Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "Between 1957 and 1968 he directed four and produced ten feature length films. The first film he produced was The Ride Back (1957) (also known as \"The Way Back\"), a western based on a 1952 Gunsmoke radio script. According to Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide it is a \"Well-handled account of a sheriff (William Conrad) and prisoner (Anthony Quinn) who find they need each other's help to survive the elements and Indian attacks.\" He died of cardiac arrest in February 1994 and was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame in 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.573757648468018, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke: Radio's Last Great Dramatic Series" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "William Conrad", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195432662963867, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke: Characters on the Radio" }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "The main character, Matt Dillon , was played by William Conrad . On August 6, 1951, William Conrad played the lead in a show entitled \"Pagosa\" in the series Romance, where he played the part of a reluctant sheriff in a tough Western town. Although not a true audition, Conrad's character role is very close the that of Matt Dillon in Gunsmoke. It was one of the \"stepping stones\" toward the production of Gunsmoke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.789792537689209, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "\"Gunsmoke\" is simply the very best radio western. Recently, I found some GREAT Gunsmoke radio bloopers & gags, with William Conrad and cast. They would make a great addition here, and the audio quality is excellent, too. Let me know and I'll share them . . . . Approx. 8 yrs ago, I discovered \"Old Time Radio.\" I'm still amazed at the time and effort put in by producers, directors and actors (at least on the most popular shows) and such high quality entertainment they provide. There must be a way to get the best series (such as Suspense, Escape, Gunsmoke, and many of the \"Theaters\") introduced to new generations, and what great entertainment they are missing! During my working career, I was in advertising, marketing and creating promotions. I have several ideas as to how to promote this \"genre\" but don't have the means. If you share the passion, have a good PC,, I can design websites and the like on paper, and you can do the actual construction online. Of course, there's no money in it, (although I have thought of a way that WOULD make it profitable) I would need to partner up with the right person, one who is honest, trustworthy, and has a little money (to pay for copyrights and the like) Also, it would leave a legacy for your name and mine forever. I can't leave an address here, but it would end in gmail \"dot\" and then \"com\" It starts with my one of my screen names: charlie351c4v - get it? Please respond only if you share the above mentioned qualities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.106058120727539, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "Bill Conrad", "passage": "Subject: Bill Conrad - the BEST Dillon!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.514891624450684, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "Bill Conrad", "passage": "Even though the TV series was good, nobody could beat Bill Conrad. He was tough and took no crap from anyone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34393310546875, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "William Conrad, as Matt Dillon does a superb performance and is a joy to listen to and really carries the show with the excellent supporting cast of characters and the interplay between Matt, Chester, Doc and Kitty along with some great guest stars and such is unique among radio shows old time and otherwise. I just love the show so much that I am about to finish my second time listening through all the episodes and expect it will not be too long before I listen to them a third time and many more times to be sure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8037075996398926, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "Too bad William Conrad was too heavy to play Matt Dillon on TV. William Conrad was Matt Dillon, and Gunsmoke was the best radio western of them all, and is high on the list of best radio series of all time too. I have listened to almost all of them, and don't mind listening to some of them over and over again. Did it follow a formula? Yes. Can you think of a series on radio or TV that doesn't?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.330595016479492, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "Bill Conrad", "passage": "This is classic otr...Bill Conrad is a great Matt Dillon and a wonderful contribution to all other otr programs. Alas, all good things come to a end...having finished the series without more to come I feel as if I lost a very good friend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.027925491333008, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "Subject: William Conrad's contribution", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.327173233032227, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "After listening to the radio series, it is hard to imagine how avid listeners in that era, could have made the transition between William Conrad and James Arness. William Conrad's had contributed so much to the fictional character Matt Dillion, that it would be almost next to impossible to make the transition without missing the baritone husky voice that made him a legion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.213863372802734, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "I've listened to nearly the entire series and some of the episodes many times. The one that always touches me the most is The Round-Up. The raw emotion displayed by William Conrad coupled with the bittersweet ending makes this my hands down all-time favorite. A very close second would be Bloody Hands (Alafrganza).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360424995422363, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "William Conrad", "passage": "William Conrad was one of the last actors who auditioned for the role of Marshal Dillon. He had a powerful, distinctive voice and was one of radio's busiest actors (he is believed to have appeared in more old time radio episodes than any other performer). After the series was created, writer John Mesten wanted him for the role of Matt Dillon, but director Norman MacDonnell thought Conrad might be overexposed because of being heard so frequently on other shows. During his audition, however, Conrad won over MacDonnell after reading only a few lines. Dillon as portrayed by Conrad was a lonely, isolated man, toughened by a hard life. Meston relished the upending of cherished Western fiction clichés and felt that few Westerns gave any inkling of how brutal the Old West was in reality. In Meston's view, \"Dillon was almost as scarred as the homicidal psychopaths who drifted into Dodge from all directions.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8816564083099365, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." }, { "answer": "Bill Conrad", "passage": "What both shows had, of course, were premier leading actors. All of Jack Webb's shows before Dragnet were of high quality and seem to lead to his role Joe Friday; Bill Conrad estimated that he was in 7,000 roles in radio, as either a leading or supporting actor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.51738452911377, "source": "search", "title": "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "Ladeco was a Chilean airline; Ladeco is the acronym of \"Línea Aérea Del Cobre\" or the \"Airline of Copper,\" in reference to the principal Chilean export. ", "precise_score": 6.643012046813965, "rough_score": 6.133269309997559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ladeco" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "Ladeco began operations in 1958 flying mostly internal routes between Chile's major cities and some international routes, and continued to run services until 1994 when LanChile (currently called Latam Chile) bought over 99% of the shares and merged Ladeco into its fleet. At the time of takeover, Ladeco was equipped mainly with Boeing 737 aircraft as well as some Boeing 727s and Boeing 757s. Ladeco then became exclusively an internal carrier between Chilean cities. Its name has since disappeared and most internal routes are covered by an affiliate of LAN Airlines called LAN Express. The airline's fleet included 20 Boeing 737-200, 7 Boeing 727, 4 BAC-111, 4 Boeing 707, 6 Douglas DC-6 B, 2 Boeing 757, 2 Douglas DC-8, 1 Airbus A300, 2 Boeing 737-300 and two Fokker 27 500 aircraft (Reg. CC CIS and CC CIT). and in the ´60s, numerous Douglas DC 3; Cargo fleet includes 3 Boeing 707 aircraft. ", "precise_score": 4.918355464935303, "rough_score": 5.397955417633057, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ladeco" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "Among the first countries to have regular airlines in Latin America were Bolivia with Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano, Cuba with Cubana de Aviación, Colombia with Avianca, Argentina with Aerolineas Argentinas, Chile with LAN Chile (today LAN Airlines), Brazil with Varig, Dominican Republic with Dominicana de Aviación, Mexico with Mexicana de Aviación, Trinidad and Tobago with BWIA West Indies Airways (today Caribbean Airlines), Venezuela with Aeropostal, and TACA based in El Salvador and representing several airlines of Central America (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua). All the previous airlines started regular operations well before World War II.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.493669033050537, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "Only three airlines: Avianca, LAN, and TAM Airlines have international subsidiaries and cover many destinations within the Americas as well as major hubs in other continents. LAN with Chile as the central operation along with Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina and some operations in the Dominican Republic. The recently formed AviancaTACA group has control of Avianca Brazil, VIP Ecuador and a strategic alliance with AeroGal. And TAM with its Mercosur base in Asuncion, Paraguay. As of 2010, talks of uniting LAN and TAM have strongly developed to create a joint airline named LATAM.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.903028964996338, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "*Chile", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.426728248596191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ladeco" }, { "answer": "Chile", "passage": "** La Serena (La Florida Airport (Chile))", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.305959701538086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ladeco" } ]

[ { "answer": "Vienna", "passage": "1 May 2015 – Yukiya Amano , a former Japanese diplomat, has served as Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) since 2009. The Vienna-based UN body was set up in 1957 as the world’s centre for cooperation in the nuclear field. It works with its member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies, as well as to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.", "precise_score": 8.386484146118164, "rough_score": 8.3728666305542, "source": "search", "title": "United Nations News Centre - Interview with Yukiya Amano ..." }, { "answer": "Vienna", "passage": "Headquartered in Vienna, Austria, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. The IAEA's stated mission is to encourage the development of the peaceful application of nuclear technology, provide international safeguards against its misuse, and facilitate the application of safety measures in its use. IAEA expanded its nuclear safety efforts in response to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in 1986.", "precise_score": 1.3532061576843262, "rough_score": -3.360945701599121, "source": "search", "title": "International Atomic Energy Agency - SourceWatch" }, { "answer": "Vienna", "passage": "The IAEA procurement volume has a total value of €100 million for supply of goods and services per year. About half of these orders are for field delivery to IAEA Member States in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America in support of IAEA field projects. The remainder are for IAEA's Headquarters sourcing in Vienna, Austria, its Laboratories at Seibersdorf, Austria, and Monaco;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.405831336975098, "source": "search", "title": "International Atomic Energy Agency - The Atoms for Peace ..." }, { "answer": "Vienna", "passage": "The IAEA Secretariat has its headquarters in Vienna, and a team of 2200 staff from more than 90 countries. The Agency is led by Director General Mohamed ElBaradei and six Deputy Directors General who head the major departments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.318909645080566, "source": "search", "title": "International Atomic Energy Agency - SourceWatch" }, { "answer": "Vienna", "passage": "During a two-day conference in Vienna, in September 2005, the IAEA presented a report claiming that ultimately some 4,000 deaths can be expected as a result of the world's worst nuclear accident at Chernobyl in 1986. [25] The IAEA digest report, \"Chernobyl's Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts,\" was based on a three-volume, 600-page report which incorporated the work of hundreds of scientists, economists and health experts, assessing the 20-year impact of the largest nuclear accident in history. The conclusions of the IAEA digest were not substantiated by this report. Indeed they were contradicted by them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.755470275878906, "source": "search", "title": "International Atomic Energy Agency - SourceWatch" }, { "answer": "Vienna", "passage": "The IAEA Secretariat is headquartered at the Vienna International Centre in Vienna, Austria. Operational liaison and regional offices are located in Geneva, Switzerland, New York, USA, Toronto, Canada and Tokyo, Japan. The IAEA runs or supports research centres and scientific laboratories in Vienna and Seibersdorf, Austria, Monaco and Trieste, Italy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.149253845214844, "source": "search", "title": "The IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency | Atoms For ..." }, { "answer": "Vienna", "passage": "Headquarters: Vienna, Austria", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356558799743652, "source": "search", "title": "Profile: IAEA, the nuclear watchdog - BBC News" } ]

[ { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Oran has numerous hotels in all categories, from luxury to basic, as well as many restaurants offering Algerian specialities and other foods. Tourists will also find a variety of cinemas, arts centres, the regional theatre, an open-air theatre, the Museum, the historic city centre of Oran, the district of Sidi El Houari, the municipal gardens, Médina Djedida with its artisanal products, the cathedral, Djebel Murdjadjo, and nearby seaside resorts. [http://membres.lycos.fr/oranairport/ International airport Es-Senia] is from the town centre. One can also reach Oran by ferries from the ports of Marseilles, Sète, Alicante and Almería, via the national company Algérie Ferries.", "precise_score": 3.541125774383545, "rough_score": 2.789000988006592, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Oran Es Senia Airport, Oran, Algeria Tourist Information", "precise_score": 5.712820529937744, "rough_score": 5.059097766876221, "source": "search", "title": "Oran Es Senia Airport, Oran, Algeria Tourist Information" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Oran Es Senia Airport is an international airport serving Oran City near Es Senia in the North African nation of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Algeria . Oran is the second largest major city in the country spread along the north-western Mediterranean coast of Algeria. Located at a distance of 8.7 kilometers to the south of the city centre, this public airport was first used by the French Air Force as a military airfield in the 1940s during World War II. Situated at an elevation of 295 feet above mean sea level, the Oran Es Senia Airport is owned and operated by EGSA Alger, which is an airport management services establishment of the government of Algeria operating a total number of 18 airports within this country.", "precise_score": 8.414266586303711, "rough_score": 7.757326602935791, "source": "search", "title": "Oran Es Senia Airport, Oran, Algeria Tourist Information" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Oran Es Senia Airport, Algeria - Wego.com", "precise_score": 6.055047035217285, "rough_score": 5.147856712341309, "source": "search", "title": "Oran Es Senia Airport, Algeria - Wego.com" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Algeria > Airports in Oran", "precise_score": 5.4247870445251465, "rough_score": 3.9688141345977783, "source": "search", "title": "Oran Es Senia Airport, Algeria - Wego.com" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Oran ( Wahrān; Berber: ⵡⴻⵀ Wehran) is an important coastal city that is located in the north-west of Algeria. It is considered the second most important city after the capital Algiers, due to its commercial, industrial, and cultural importance. It is 432 km from Algiers. The total population of the city was 759,645 in 2008 (2008), while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 1,500,000, making it the second largest city in Algeria. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.255838871002197, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "During French rule over Algeria during the 19th and 20th centuries, Oran was the capital of a département of the same name (number 92). In July 1940, the British navy shelled French warships in the port after they refused a British ultimatum to surrender; this action was taken to ensure the fleet would not fall into German hands, as the Nazis had defeated France and occupied Paris. The action increased the hatred of the Vichy regime for Britain but convinced the world that the British would fight on alone against Nazi Germany and its allies. The Vichy government held Oran during World War II until its capture by the Allies in late 1942, during Operation Torch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.120126724243164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Before the Algerian War, 1954–1962, Oran had one of the highest proportions of Europeans of any city in North Africa. In July 1962, after a cease fire and accords with France, the FLN entered Oran and were shot at by a European. A mob attacked pied-noir neighborhoods and massacred thousands of Europeans in Oran; 453 have been said to have \"disappeared.\" This triggered a larger exodus of Europeans to France, which was already underway. Shortly after the end of the war, most of the Europeans and Algerian Jews living in Oran fled to France. In less than three months, Oran lost about half its population.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.796261787414551, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "By 1554, the Turks had reached Algiers. The governor of Oran, Count Alcaudete, allied himself with Moroccan Sultan Mohammed ash-Sheikh against them. Nine years later, in 1563, Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis de Santa Cruz, built the fort of Santa-Cruz, strategically placed at the top of a mountain, l'Aïdour, more than 1000 ft above the sea, directly to the west of the city. Pedro Garcerán de Borja, Grand Master of the Order of Montesa, was captain of Oran when, on July 14, 1568, John of Austria (the illegitimate son of Charles I and paternal half-brother of King Philip II), led a flotilla of 33 galleys against the Algerians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.855177879333496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "In the night after October 8, 1790, a violent earthquake claimed more than 3,000 victims in less than seven minutes. Charles IV saw no advantage in continuing the occupation of the city, which had become increasingly expensive and perilous. He initiated discussions with the Bey of Algiers. They signed a treaty on September 12, 1792 by which the Spanish transferred the city to the Ottoman Empire. After another earthquake damaged the Spanish defences, Bey Ben Othman's forces took possession of Oran on October 8 of the same year. In 1792, the Ottomans settled a Jewish community there. In 1796, the Pasha Mosque (in honour of Hassan Pasha, Dey of Algiers), was built by the Turks with ransom money paid for the release of Spanish prisoners after Spain's final departure. In 1830 the Beys moved their Algerian capital from Mascara to Oran.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.85114574432373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "The Municipality of Mers-El-Kebir is located north-west of Oran, about seven km (7 km) from the city centre. As its name indicates (The Great Port), it is a major port and has an important naval base, home to the Algerian Navy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.465782165527344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algerie", "passage": "The city had limited means of transport, which do not cover sufficiently the non-urban zones, but today it does have a tramway and ETO (Enterprise of Oranian Transport) the company acquired new and modern buses. There is an extensive network of \"clandestine\" taxis in the City. A project started in 2008/9 and lasted approximately two to three years, to deliver the first line of the tramway in 2010. It should comprise 31 stations, distributed on going to Es-Sénia, in the South and Sidi Maarouf in the east side, while passing by the centre town The tramway should serve Haï Sabbah, University of Sciences and Technology (USTO), the Crossroads of the Three Private clinics, the Law courts, Dar El Baïda, the Plate-Saint Michel, the Place of the 1st November, Saint-Anthony, Boulanger, Saint-Hubert, the 3rd Ring road and finally The University of Es-Sénia. The Oran Es Senia Airport, for domestic and international flights. Oran Es Senia Airport serves both, domestic and international flights, with frequent connections to the capital Algiers, served by the public airline company Air Algerie. The same company also has flights to many French cities (Marseille, Paris, Lyon, etc.) and other European and EMEA cities. The Es Senia Airport also serves passengers from most smaller towns in proximity to Oran (Sig, Mostaganem, Arzew, etc.). The airport building is a fairly limited construction and does not operate on a 24-h basis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5046452283859253, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Oran held its first international marathon on November 10, 2005. The event, sponsored by Toyota of Algeria, attracted runners from Morocco, Libya, Spain, France, and Kenya. The marathon served to publicize the health benefits of running and to provide a novel form of public entertainment for the city's residents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4114418029785156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oran" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Oran, Algeria", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2773290872573853, "source": "search", "title": "Oran Es Senia Airport, Oran, Algeria Tourist Information" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Airports in Algeria, Algeria Airports Map", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.000288009643555, "source": "search", "title": "Airports in Algeria, Algeria Airports Map - Maps of World" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "World Map / International Airports / Africa / Airports in Algeria", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.875166177749634, "source": "search", "title": "Airports in Algeria, Algeria Airports Map - Maps of World" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Airports in Algeria", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.666782855987549, "source": "search", "title": "Airports in Algeria, Algeria Airports Map - Maps of World" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Houari Boumediene Airport (ALG), located in the capital city of Algiers is the main international airport of Algeria. Mohamed Boudiaf International Airport in Constantine is another important airport of the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.7082667350769043, "source": "search", "title": "Airports in Algeria, Algeria Airports Map - Maps of World" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Use Wego.com to access the greatest selection of flights online. Wego allows you to find the cheapest flights flying from Oran Es Senia Airport in Oran. Use Wego's airport directory to find the cheapest airline tickets from international airports and domestic airports in Algeria and Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.61631178855896, "source": "search", "title": "Oran Es Senia Airport, Algeria - Wego.com" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Algeria Airport Code, Algeria Codes | IATA 3 letter Lookup", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.106305122375488, "source": "search", "title": "Algeria Airport Code, Algeria Codes | IATA 3 letter Lookup" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Algeria Airport Codes (Airport Code Lookup)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.221951484680176, "source": "search", "title": "Algeria Airport Code, Algeria Codes | IATA 3 letter Lookup" }, { "answer": "Algeria", "passage": "Following are the Airport Codes of the major Cities in Algeria.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.277410507202148, "source": "search", "title": "Algeria Airport Code, Algeria Codes | IATA 3 letter Lookup" } ]

[ { "answer": "Houston, Texas", "passage": "After touring for a year, Ace had been performing at the City Auditorium in Houston, Texas, on Christmas Day 1954. During a break between sets, he was playing with a .22-caliber revolver. Members of his band said he did this often, sometimes shooting at roadside signs from their car.", "precise_score": 6.194132328033447, "rough_score": 2.745438575744629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Johnny Ace" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Ace, famous for his smooth baritone and the single “Pledging My Love,” was a popular ballad singer in the early ’50s, and routinely jammed on piano with B.B. King. On Christmas Day, 1954, he died of a gunshot wound backstage at Houston’s City Auditorium between sets of a show with Big Mama Thornton. The coroner’s verdict was Russian roulette, but some people speculate that Ace was shot by Don Robey, owner of Duke Records, in an effort to end contract renegotiations. (Robey was a music-world thug who was known for pulling guns during business transactions.) The more likely story, corroborated by several eyewitnesses: although Ace wasn’t playing Russian roulette, he was horsing around with his own gun and accidentally shot himself–or as a Houston homicide detective on the scene that night put it, he died of “pistolitis.”", "precise_score": 8.574827194213867, "rough_score": 2.999295234680176, "source": "search", "title": "Rule Forty Two - » Did Johnny Ace really shoot himself?" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "The road became Ace’s only real home; by 1954 he was performing a grueling schedule of about 350 concerts a year. The pressures began to show. Houston guitarist Milton Hopkins, a member of Ace’s band, remembered, as quoted in the Houston Chronicle, that “Johnny’s idea of fun was driving his Oldsmobile 90 miles per hour, his pistol in his hand, shooting out the zeros on the roadside speed-limit signs.” But Ace, still in his early twenties, had plenty of energy, and his success continued to build. With his recording career expertly managed by the fast-talking Robey, Ace notched eight top-ten rhythm-and-blues hits between 1952 and 1955.", "precise_score": 3.3151679039001465, "rough_score": 4.789156913757324, "source": "search", "title": "Ace, Johnny 1929–1954 – FREE Ace, Johnny 1929–1954 ..." }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "He would do so, but only posthumously. On Christmas Day of 1954, at the intermission of a concert at Houston’s City Auditorium, Ace tried to impress Thornton and the other singers present by playing a round of Russian roulette—spinning the barrel of a pistol with only one bullet-filled chamber and then firing it at himself. He was killed; although rumors that he was murdered circulated in the years after his death, both police at the scene and later biographers have accepted the Russian-roulette scenario. “Pledging My Love” not only topped rhythm-and-blues charts but rose into the pop top 20. One more song Ace had already recorded, “Anymore,” likewise became a hit; it was later featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Eve’s Bayou. Elvis Presley’s version of “Pledging My Love” became one of his many hits to appropriate African-American material, and other artists, including Aretha Franklin, also covered selections from Ace’s short list of recordings.", "precise_score": 6.184769630432129, "rough_score": 2.3649656772613525, "source": "search", "title": "Ace, Johnny 1929–1954 – FREE Ace, Johnny 1929–1954 ..." }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "However, just as Johnny was primed to take his place in rock and roll's early mid-50s pantheon, he accidentally ended his life: on Christmas night, 1954, Ace was showing off his pistol backstage at a concert in Houston. Much as would later happen with Chicago's Terry Kath, he put the gun to his head to prove it wasn't loaded, and promptly killed himself with one shot. Scandal sheets of the time erroneously claimed Ace had been playing Russian Roulette, and the error was picked up by the national media, starting a rumor that still unfortunately persists today. More important was the effect of his death: for the first time, several artists recorded \"tribute records,\" and Duke assembled a \"memorial album\" of his few sides that proved so popular it was still selling in record stores 30 years later.", "precise_score": 7.995282173156738, "rough_score": 6.656577110290527, "source": "search", "title": "Johnny Ace Songs, Music, and History" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Johnny was a familiar sight in Houston’s R&B scene back then. In 1952, Don Robey, founder of Houston-based Peacock Records, acquired Memphis’ Duke Records, which had signed Johnny.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.6144866943359375, "source": "search", "title": "The night Johnny Ace died in the City Auditorium - Bayou ..." }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "In Down in Houston: Bayou City Blues,   Roger Wood noted: “The synthesis achieved via this commercially triggered dialectic of performers from the Delta and the Lone Star state resulted in some of the most potent blues, and especially rhythm and blues, of the fifties and sixties — including the first major R&B ‘crossover’ star, Johnny Ace.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.154836654663086, "source": "search", "title": "The night Johnny Ace died in the City Auditorium - Bayou ..." }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "According to the Houston Post, Johnny had finished his set with Yes, Baby and retired to the City Auditorium dressing room. Some drinking ensued and, according to newspaper accounts, Johnny started playing a game of Russian roulette with a .22 caliber revolver. (Some say Johnny used a different caliber weapon that night.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.005475997924805, "source": "search", "title": "The night Johnny Ace died in the City Auditorium - Bayou ..." }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton wasn’t having any of it, the Houston Chronicle reported. She took the gun and removed the bullet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331568717956543, "source": "search", "title": "The night Johnny Ace died in the City Auditorium - Bayou ..." }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "The incident garnered a brief mention on the front page of the next day’s Houston Post. The Chronicle had a longer story inside its editions. Both accounts can be found via this link . The Houston Press didn’t appear to mention it in its final editions in the days after the shooting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45553207397461, "source": "search", "title": "The night Johnny Ace died in the City Auditorium - Bayou ..." }, { "answer": "Houston, Texas", "passage": "After touring for a year, Ace had been performing at the City Auditorium in Houston, Texas on Christmas 1954. During a break between sets, a drunken Ace allegedly decided to play a game of Russian Roulette. He aimed a .45 caliber revolver at his girlfriend, Olivia Gibbs, and pulled the trigger. He then attempted to shoot her friend, Mary Carter. Both times, the hammer fell on an empty chamber. He then swiftly turned the gun on himself and ended his life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1098337173461914, "source": "search", "title": "Johnny Ace’s Biography — Free listening, videos, concerts ..." }, { "answer": "Houston, Tx", "passage": "December 25, 1954 in Houston, TX", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.515356063842773, "source": "search", "title": "Johnny Ace | Biography, Albums, & Streaming Radio | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Thanks largely to the success of “My Song,” the Duke label was acquired by Houston , Texas , entrepreneur Don Robey. One of the first African-American producers in popular music, Robey was a pioneering but controversial figure who envisioned national distribution and stardom for Ace and the other artists under his charge, including “Hound Dog” blueswoman Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton. Much as Detroit producer Berry Gordy would do a decade later with the artists of the Motown label, Robey forged a new and sophisticated image for Ace. Also like Gordy, Robey later faced charges that he had deprived artists of monies that were rightfully theirs. But the presentation he created fit well with Ace’s smooth romantic vocals, and the combination brought out throngs of female fans to Ace’s concerts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.963412284851074, "source": "search", "title": "Ace, Johnny 1929–1954 – FREE Ace, Johnny 1929–1954 ..." }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Houston Chronicle, November 28, 1999, p. Zest-23.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.330599784851074, "source": "search", "title": "Ace, Johnny 1929–1954 – FREE Ace, Johnny 1929–1954 ..." }, { "answer": "Houston, Tx", "passage": "Born John Marshall Alexander on June 9, 1929, Memphis, TN; died December 25, 1954, Houston, TX", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.819962978363037, "source": "search", "title": "Johnny Ace Songs, Music, and History" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Bergsman has correctly reported the broad general facts surrounding Ace, Don Robey, and the other participants in the Memphis and Houston music scene. He then skillfully creates a plot and dialogue that is very believable. Then things get confusing as he takes liberties that don't need to be taken. For example creating a scenario where Big Mama Thornton is on stage when Ace dies, rather than in his dressing room with him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.551408767700195, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Johnny Ace: Steve Bergsman: 9780987689788 ..." }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "In those days, Houston wasn't exactly on the cutting edge of the civil-rights movement. We might have gotten lynched, but it would have been worth it. Listen to \"Pledging My Love\" sometime and tell me you wouldn't chuck your box in the suburbs and push your boss off a roof to be seventeen and hanging out at the drive-in again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.359509468078613, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "who went past the eighth grade know that. Have you ever applied for a public-library card, R. B.? When we get back to Houston, I'll show you how to fill out the form.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.511571884155273, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "connected him with our agent in Houston, a guy who for biblical example had probably modeled his life on Pontius Pilate's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.388641357421875, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "we didn't do anything. I've got a total of thirty-seven dollars and forty cents to get us back to Houston. The air is showing through my tires. Are you listen\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.527026176452637, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "\"He says some Houston cops want to question us about", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.512757301330566, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Money was money, sex was sex, music was music, and color didn't have squat to do with any of it. Some people said Johnny Ace might have gotten in Cool Daddy's face one too many times. I didn't know if that was true or not. But when we got back from our gig in Arkansas, the Houston cops questioned us about Johnny and his relationship with Cool Daddy. Our names ended up on the front page of two Houston newspapers. In the world of R&B and rockabilly music, we had become the certifiable stink on shit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.028633117675781, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Ward?\" he said. Houston's black district was its own universe. There were bars and barbecue joints and shoeshine stands on almost every street corner. You could hear music from radios, jukeboxes, church houses, old black guys jamming under an oak tree.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.330775260925293, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "We were in traffic, headed toward Eddy Ray's house in the Heights section of north Houston, oak trees sweeping by us", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335227012634277, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" }, { "answer": "Houston", "passage": "Dobro for tips in bars on East Fifth Street in Los Angeles, followed the wheat harvest all the way to Saskatoon, and ended up on Larimer Street in Denver, where I met Cisco Houston and played as a guest on his syndicated radio show right before he got blacklisted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352222442626953, "source": "search", "title": "The Night Johnny Ace Died - Esquire" } ]

[ { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Campaigning directly to the people became commonplace. Several 20th century Prime Ministers, such as David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill, were famous for their oratorical skills. After the introduction of radio, motion pictures, television, and the internet, many used these technologies to project their public image and address the nation. Stanley Baldwin, a master of the radio broadcast in the 1920s and 1930s, reached a national audience in his talks filled with homely advice and simple expressions of national pride. Churchill also used the radio to great effect, inspiring, reassuring and informing the people with his speeches during the Second World War. Two recent Prime Ministers, Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair (who both spent a decade or more as prime minister), achieved celebrity status like rock stars, but have been criticised for their more 'presidential' style of leadership. According to Anthony King, \"The props in Blair's theatre of celebrity included ... his guitar, his casual clothes ... footballs bounced skilfully off the top of his head ... carefully choreographed speeches and performances at Labour Party conferences.\" ", "precise_score": -5.803618907928467, "rough_score": -6.9766716957092285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher died today at 87. She'll be remembered as the first (and only) woman to be prime minister of Britain, but what's often missed or only glanced over in her biographies, and now her obituaries, is her career as a chemist.", "precise_score": 7.323834419250488, "rough_score": 8.712846755981445, "source": "search", "title": "How Thatcher The Chemist Helped Make ... - Popular Science" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Britain will have first female prime minister since Margaret Thatcher - The Washington Post", "precise_score": 0.7984750270843506, "rough_score": 5.935288429260254, "source": "search", "title": "Britain will have first female prime minister since ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Britain will have first female prime minister since Margaret Thatcher", "precise_score": 0.6171830296516418, "rough_score": 6.31632137298584, "source": "search", "title": "Britain will have first female prime minister since ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "LONDON — The race to be Britain’s next prime minister was whittled to two on Thursday, with Conservative Party lawmakers ensuring that the country will have a female head of government — the nation’s first since Margaret Thatcher stepped down more than a quarter-century ago.", "precise_score": -1.3887295722961426, "rough_score": 5.0590691566467285, "source": "search", "title": "Britain will have first female prime minister since ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister, dies - Apr 08, 2013 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": 2.031831741333008, "rough_score": 6.041154384613037, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister, dies", "precise_score": 2.373993396759033, "rough_score": 7.089690208435059, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister, dies", "precise_score": 2.373993396759033, "rough_score": 7.089690208435059, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister, dies", "precise_score": 2.373993396759033, "rough_score": 7.089690208435059, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "On this day in 2013, Margaret Thatcher, the first–and so far only–female prime minister of the United Kingdom, dies in London at age 87 from a stroke. Serving from 1979 to 1990, Thatcher was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century. She curbed the power of Britain’s labor unions, privatized state-owned industries, led her nation to victory in the Falklands War and as a close ally of U.S. President Ronald Reagan played a pivotal role in ending the Cold War. A polarizing figure, Thatcher, nicknamed the Iron Lady, was credited by her admirers with championing free-market, conservative policies that revitalized the British economy, while critics charged these initiatives hurt the nation’s lower classes.", "precise_score": -0.5687736868858337, "rough_score": 0.037065744400024414, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Hilda Roberts", "passage": "Margaret Hilda Roberts was born on October 23, 1925, in Grantham, a town in northeast England. Her family lived in an apartment above the grocery store owned by her father, who also was a local politician. After graduating from Oxford University in 1947, the future prime minister worked as a research chemist. In the early 1950s, she twice ran unsuccessfully for parliament as a Conservative Party candidate. After marrying Denis Thatcher (1915-2003), a well-off businessman, in 1951, she studied law and gave birth to twins in 1953. That same year, she qualified as a barrister.", "precise_score": 1.2674663066864014, "rough_score": -3.6794183254241943, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87", "precise_score": -0.9829050302505493, "rough_score": -6.585569381713867, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a towering figure in postwar British and world politics and the only woman to become British prime minister, has died at the age of 87.", "precise_score": -2.765723466873169, "rough_score": -3.793059825897217, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Margaret Thatcher , the first woman to become British prime minister, has died at 87 after a stroke, a spokeswoman said Monday, April 8. Known as the \"Iron Lady,\" Thatcher, as Conservative Party leader, was prime minister from 1979 to 1990. Here she visits British Prime Minister David Cameron at 10 Downing Street in London in June 2010.", "precise_score": 1.1709564924240112, "rough_score": 5.448785305023193, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher, becoming the first female prime minister of a European country, stands with her husband, Denis, outside 10 Downing Street in May 1979 after her party's success in the general election.", "precise_score": -1.004177451133728, "rough_score": -3.7045369148254395, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister, used her cast iron will to help change the face of Britain. She epitomised a particular school of right-wing politics: Thatcherism – laissez-faire economics and individual self-determination.", "precise_score": 2.372035264968872, "rough_score": 3.2766733169555664, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "In 1992 she was given a life peerage and became Baroness Thatcher. She continued to be politically active and became a figurehead for anti-European sentiment in the Conservative party. In June 2003, Margaret Thatcher's husband Denis died and her public appearances became more infrequent. In 2007 she became the first living prime minister to be honoured with a statue in the Houses of Parliament. It stands opposite a statue of her hero Winston Churchill.", "precise_score": -3.2728984355926514, "rough_score": -6.727473258972168, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Prime Ministers may dominate the Cabinet so much that they become \"Semi-Presidents\". Examples are William Ewart Gladstone, David Lloyd George, Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill, Margaret Thatcher, and Tony Blair. The powers of some Prime Ministers waxed or waned, depending upon their own level of energy, political skills or outside events: Ramsay MacDonald, for example, was dominant in his Labour governments, but during his National Government his powers diminished so that he was merely the figurehead of the government. In modern times, Prime Ministers have never been merely titular; dominant or somewhat dominant personalities are the norm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5923871994018555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Generally, however, the Prime Minister is held responsible by the nation for the consequences of legislation or of general government policy. Margaret Thatcher's party forced her from power after the introduction of the poll tax; Sir Anthony Eden fell from power following the Suez Crisis; and Neville Chamberlain resigned in 1940 after the Allies were forced to retreat from Norway, as he believed a government supported by all parties was essential, and the Labour and Liberal parties would not join a government headed by him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.304258346557617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Upon retirement, it is customary for the Sovereign to grant a Prime Minister some honour or dignity. The honour bestowed is commonly, but not invariably, membership of the United Kingdom's most senior order of chivalry, the Order of the Garter. The practice of creating a retired Prime Minister a Knight (or, in the case of Margaret Thatcher, a Lady) of the Garter (KG and LG respectively) has been fairly prevalent since the mid-19th century. On the retirement of a Prime Minister who is Scottish, it is likely that the primarily Scottish honour of Knight of the Thistle (KT) will be used instead of the Order of the Garter, which is generally regarded as an English honour.This circumstance is somewhat confused, however, as since the Great Reform Act 1832, only seven Scots have served as Prime Minister. Of these, two – Bonar Law and Ramsay MacDonald – died while still sitting in the Commons, not yet having retired; another, the Earl of Aberdeen, was appointed to both the Order of the Garter and the Order of the Thistle; yet another, Arthur Balfour, was appointed to the Order of the Garter, but represented an English constituency and may not have considered himself entirely Scottish; and of the remaining three, the Earl of Rosebery became a KG, Alec Douglas-Home became a KT, and Gordon Brown remained in the Commons as a backbencher until 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.254879474639893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "It has also been common for Prime Ministers to be granted a peerage upon retirement from the Commons, which elevates the individual to the House of Lords. Formerly, the peerage bestowed was usually an earldom (which was always hereditary), with Churchill offered a dukedom. However, since the 1960s, hereditary peerages have generally been eschewed, and life peerages have been preferred, although in 1984 Harold Macmillan was created Earl of Stockton. Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Harold Wilson, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher accepted life peerages, although Douglas-Home had previously disclaimed his hereditary title as Earl of Home. Edward Heath, John Major and Tony Blair did not accept peerages of any kind, although Heath and Major were later appointed as Knights of the Garter. Gordon Brown remained a member of parliament until the 2015 general election, and has not, to date, accepted a peerage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.484818935394287, "source": "wiki", "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210886001586914, "source": "search", "title": "How Thatcher The Chemist Helped Make ... - Popular Science" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "All of her biographers agree that the future Mrs Thatcher devoted her free time to politics rather than science, and even regretted her choice of undergraduate study. One repeated anecdote has her walking with a friend at graduation in 1947 saying, 'You know, I oughtn't to have read chemistry. I should have read law. That's what I need for politics. I shall have to go and read law now.' Another repeatedly recalled incident, at an unspecified date, but presumably during her undergraduate years, was a conversation between the young scientist and Norman Winning, the Recorder, or municipal clerk, of her hometown, who had a Cambridge natural sciences degree. Winning advised her to continue with chemistry as a means to getting into law as a patent lawyer. All these anecdotes serve to prepare the narrative for the next stage in Thatcher's career, her training and employment as a lawyer in the later 1950s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.506556510925293, "source": "search", "title": "How Thatcher The Chemist Helped Make ... - Popular Science" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "These two jobs, lasting barely three years in all, constitute the totality of Margaret Thatcher's first-hand contact with the world of commerce and industry. . . . In any case, prime minister Thatcher never tried to make political capital out of these fugitive involvements. They were incidental to her political ambition and she has never pretended otherwise. They made her a living, while she devoted most of her psychic energy to the greater and more glamorous task.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.278600215911865, "source": "search", "title": "How Thatcher The Chemist Helped Make ... - Popular Science" }, { "answer": "Milk snatcher", "passage": "In 1959, Thatcher was elected to the House of Commons from the Finchley district in north London. She rose through her party’s ranks, and when the Conservatives came to power under Edward Heath in 1970, she was named secretary for education. In that role, Thatcher was vilified by her Labour Party opponents as “Thatcher the Milk Snatcher” after she made cuts to a free-milk program for schoolchildren. In 1975, with Labour back in power, Thatcher, to the surprise of many, defeated Heath to become head of her party, as well as the first woman to serve as opposition leader in the House of Commons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.081038475036621, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister ..." }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven", "passage": "She left the House of Commons in 1992, and was appointed to the House of Lords, with the title Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven. She went on to pen her memoirs and travel the world giving lectures. Following a series of minor strokes in the early 2000s, Thatcher largely retreated from public view. Meryl Streep earned an Oscar for her portrayal of the former prime minister in the 2011 biopic “The Iron Lady,” which generated criticism from some Conservative politicians for its depiction of Thatcher’s decline into dementia during her later years. After Thatcher died in April 2013, more than 2,000 guests from around the world attended her funeral at London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral, which in 1965 was the site of Prime Minister Winston Churchill’s funeral.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.786694049835205, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 - CNN.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.052777290344238, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher with her parents and sister Muriel in 1945. Thatcher, born Margaret Hilda Roberts in 1925, studied chemistry at Oxford University and worked as a research chemist before becoming a barrister in 1954.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.257559776306152, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Conservative Party candidate Margaret Roberts, the youngest candidate for any party in the 1950 general election, works in a laboratory where she was a research chemist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.04736042022705, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – The Conservative Party candidate for Dartford in Kent, England, meets some potential constituents in January 1950.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.801551818847656, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher chats with a police officer outside the House of Commons, where she took a seat as a member of Parliament for Finchley in October 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.875211715698242, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher addresses a Conservative Party conference in October 1967.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.120070457458496, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher in 1970. Within five years, she would become leader of the Conservatives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.586504936218262, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Prime Minister Edward Heath with 13 of 15 newly elected Conservative women members of Parliament outside the House of Commons in June 1970. Thatcher became secretary of state for education and science under Heath.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.704805374145508, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher plays the piano for her husband, Denis, and their twins, Mark and Carol, then 17, in September 1970.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.056464195251465, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher takes over from Edward Heath as leader of the Conservative Party in 1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.885797500610352, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher addresses Conservatives at the start of the 1979 election campaign. William Whitelaw, at her right, later became home secretary and deputy prime minister under Thatcher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.492659568786621, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher with her new Cabinet in June 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.807101249694824, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping and Thatcher at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing in September 1982. They were holding meetings leading up to the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong in 1984.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.39462661743164, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher meets personnel aboard the HMS Antrim during her trip to the Falkand Islands in January 1983. 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She won a landslide re-election on the heels of the Falklands victory, with her Conservative Party taking a majority of seats in Parliament with 42% of the vote.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04241943359375, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan share a joke in London in June 1984. 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She was re-elected to another term as prime minister that year with a slightly reduced majority.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.092089653015137, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher dances with Reagan in November 1988 following a state dinner given in her honor at the White House.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142317771911621, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher greets Nelson Mandela on the steps of 10 Downing Street in July 1990. The anti-apartheid activist and future South African president had been freed that year after more than 25 years as political prisoner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.871440887451172, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher, flanked by her husband Denis, addresses the press for the last time at 10 Downing Street before her resignation as prime minister in November 1990 after an internal leadership struggle among Conservatives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.636734008789062, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – The former prime minister chats with President George H.W. Bush in March 1991 in the White House Oval Office before receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The award is the highest civilian honor bestowed in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.578391075134277, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher, with her son, Mark, and her daughter, Carol, watches the coffin of her husband, Denis, during his funeral in July 2003 in London. Denis Thatcher died at age 88.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.763360977172852, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher touches the flag-draped coffin of Reagan as he lies in state in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda in June 2004. In a prerecorded video at his funeral, she called Reagan \"a great president, a great American and a great man.\" \"And I have lost a dear friend,\" she said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.996968269348145, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher, from left, Cherie Blair, Queen Elizabeth II and Prime Minister Tony Blair attend a church service at Pangbourne College in June 2007 to mark the 25th anniversary of victory in the Falklands War.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.486491203308105, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – An usher helps Thatcher, now a baroness, to her seat during the state opening of Parliament in November 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.043067932128906, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – The ex-prime minister helps unveil a portrait of herself at the opening of the Margaret Thatcher Infirmary at the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London in March 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.236963272094727, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Pope Benedict XVI greets Thatcher in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican in May 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.758268356323242, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher attends the House of Lords during the state opening of Parliament in May 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141956329345703, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher waves from the door of her London home after a hospital stay to operate on a broken arm in June 2009. She had a pin placed in her shoulder after suffering a fall.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.019200325012207, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher through the years – Thatcher waves to journalists from her London home after another hospital visit -- this time with a bout of flu -- in November 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.93475341796875, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female PM, dead at 87 ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter to Iron Lady", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.059479713439941, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter to Iron Lady", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08595085144043, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "8 April 2013Margaret Thatcher dies", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.423426628112793, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher talks about her upbringing in Grantham. Panorama (BBC One, 1960).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.149157524108887, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher was born Margaret Roberts in 1925. She grew up in Grantham in Lincolnshire above the family’s corner grocery store.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.162128448486328, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher on receiving her school prize at the age of nine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384702682495117, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher’s economic policies did not bring inflation under control and increased unemployment which rose to two million. That summer riots broke out in British cities. Polls showed she was the most unpopular prime minister since records began. Thatcher sacked the more moderate Tory ‘wets’ and at the 1980 Conservative party conference vowed to hold firm to her policies. However, when the miners threatened a strike in early 1981, the government did back down.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.153321266174316, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher at the Conservative Party Conference 1981", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235249519348145, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "The biggest clash was a pitched battle at Orgreave near Sheffield, where 7,000 police fought 5,000 strikers. Mrs Thatcher refused to bow under pressure. She stockpiled coal at power stations and deployed the police to break picket lines. After 12 months the miners were defeated and returned to work. The trade union movement was greatly weakened. Thatcher’s actions were supported by her party and the British Establishment. However she became a hate figure among many working class communities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.902730941772461, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "In 1984, at the Conservative Party Conference in Brighton, Margaret Thatcher narrowly survived the IRA bombing of her hotel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069784164428711, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "Five people died and 34 were injured. Mrs Thatcher was adamant the conference should carry on. The next morning she condemned the bombers in her conference speech. Yet later in the Troubles, she was willing to compromise and she played an important part in the 1985 Anglo-Irish Peace agreement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.209378242492676, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher shares a joke with American President Ronald Reagan in 1984.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216588973999023, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Like her hero Churchill, Margaret Thatcher sought to forge a \"special relationship\" with the US. She was on famously good terms with US President Ronald Reagan and supported his defence policies by permitting the stationing of US nuclear missiles in Britain. She later acted as a go-between for Soviet leader Gorbachev and Reagan, paving the way for nuclear disarmament talks. The fall of the Soviet Union in 1990 was seen by many as vindication of the political philosophy she epitomised.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.98253345489502, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher talks about her meeting with the Soviet leader in 1984", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142973899841309, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher's speech to the College of Europe - \"The Bruges Speech\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332551956176758, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Local council rates were replaced with a flat Community Charge that everyone paid regardless of income. Margaret Thatcher drove the policy through without consulting her colleagues. Riots and marches erupted across the UK. In March around 100,000 protestors descended on London under the slogan “Can't pay, won't pay”; 340 people were arrested and 113 injured. The policy was unpopular with the public and caused many Tory MPs to lose faith in their prime minister. Again, she refused to give in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.260461807250977, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher's downfall", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.185821533203125, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The Poll Tax, disputes over Europe and an overbearing attitude lost Margaret Thatcher support within her own party.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26955509185791, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Former Defence Secretary Michael Heseltine stood against her in a leadership election. Thatcher felt betrayed. Facing a leadership vote she called in members of her cabinet one by one to try to win their support. She wrote later “Almost to a man they used the same formula. This was that they themselves would back me, of course, but that regretfully they did not believe I could win.” Margaret Thatcher resigned and left Downing Street as Prime Minister for the last time on 28 November 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.12796401977539, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher describes feeling betrayed by her cabinet", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363327980041504, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "After resigning as prime minister, Margaret Thatcher wrote her memoirs and continued to make speeches around the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.804287910461426, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - iWonder - Margaret Thatcher: From grocer’s daughter ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "1988 Olympics in Seoul", "passage": "Taekwondo made its Olympic debut as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea and was officially added during the 2000 Summer Games in Sydney, Australia.", "precise_score": 9.345213890075684, "rough_score": 8.807689666748047, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Taekwondo: South Korea's game | 12NEWS.com" }, { "answer": "Seoul Olympic Games", "passage": "Demonstration sports were officially introduced in 1912 Summer Olympics, when Sweden decided to include glima, traditional Icelandic wrestling, in the Olympic program, but with its medals not counting as official. Most organizing committees then decided to include at least one demonstration sport at each edition of the Games, usually some typical or popular sport in the host country, like baseball at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games and taekwondo at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. From 1912 to 1992, only two editions of the Summer Olympics did not have demonstration sports on their program. Some demonstration sports eventually gained enough popularity to become an official sport in a subsequent edition of the Games. Traditionally, the medals awarded for the demonstration events followed the same design as the Olympic medals, but of a smaller size. They are never included in the medal count.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.3710126876831055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Demonstration sport" }, { "answer": "1988 Seoul Games", "passage": "Taekwondo is one of the two Asian martial arts included on the Olympic programme. Taekwondo made its debut as a demonstration Olympic sport at the 1988 Seoul Games, and became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.18832778930664, "source": "search", "title": "Taekwondo - Summer Olympic Sport" }, { "answer": "1988 Seoul Games", "passage": "Taekwondo is one of the two Asian martial arts included on the Olympic programme. Taekwondo made its debut as a demonstration Olympic sport at the 1988 Seoul Games, and became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.18832778930664, "source": "search", "title": "Taekwondo Equipment and History - Olympic Sport History" } ]

[ { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as \"arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music\". ", "precise_score": 5.377522945404053, "rough_score": 4.328361511230469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimi Hendrix" }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "In fact, that was his real name: Jimi was born Johnny Allen Hendrix on November 27, 1942, and it was on September 11, 1946 that his father Al Hendrix had him renamed James Marshall Hendrix. According to the book Jimi Hendrix: A Brother’s Story by Leon Hendrix, Jimi didn’t like his new name , which is pretty understandable given he’d lived the first four years of his life as Johnny. He’d shout “That’s not my name! My name’s Johnny!”", "precise_score": 5.9780354499816895, "rough_score": 5.623406410217285, "source": "search", "title": "If Jimi Was Johnny: Why Did Al Hendrix Change His Son’s ..." }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "In 1941, Al met Lucille Jeter (1925–1958) at a dance in Seattle; they married on March 31, 1942. Al, who had been drafted by the U.S. Army to serve in World War II, left to begin his basic training three days after the wedding. Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27, 1942, in Seattle, Washington; he was the first of Lucille's five children. In 1946, Johnny's parents changed his name to James Marshall Hendrix, in honor of Al and his late brother Leon Marshall.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8490052223205566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimi Hendrix" }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "During 1965 and 1966, while Hendrix was playing back-up for soul and R&B acts in the U.S., he used an 85-watt Fender Twin Reverb amplifier. When Chandler brought Hendrix to England in October 1966, he supplied him with 30-watt Burns amps, which Hendrix thought were too small for his needs. After an early London gig when he was unable to use his preferred Fender Twin, he asked about the Marshall amps that he had noticed other groups using. Years earlier, Mitch Mitchell had taken drum lessons from the amp builder, Jim Marshall, and he introduced Hendrix to Marshall. At their initial meeting, Hendrix bought four speaker cabinets and three 100-watt Super Lead amplifiers; he would grow accustomed to using all three in unison. The equipment arrived on October 11, 1966, and the Experience used the new gear during their first tour. Marshall amps were well-suited for Hendrix's needs, and they were paramount in the evolution of his heavily overdriven sound, enabling him to master the use of feedback as a musical effect, creating what author Paul Trynka described as a \"definitive vocabulary for rock guitar\". Hendrix usually turned all of the amplifier's control knobs to the maximum level, which became known as the Hendrix setting. During the four years prior to his death, he purchased between 50 and 100 Marshall amplifiers. Jim Marshall said that he was \"the greatest ambassador\" his company ever had.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.540469169616699, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimi Hendrix" }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "Hendrix also utilized the Uni-Vibe, which was designed to simulate the modulation effects of a rotating Leslie speaker by providing a rich phasing sound that could be manipulated with a speed control pedal. He can be heard using the effect during his performance at Woodstock and on the Band of Gypsys track \"Machine Gun\", which prominently features the Uni-vibe along with an Octavia and a Fuzz Face. His signal flow for live performance involved first plugging his guitar into a wah-wah pedal, then connecting the wah-wah pedal to a Fuzz Face, which was then linked to a Uni-Vibe, before connecting to a Marshall amplifier.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.493099212646484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimi Hendrix" }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "Jimi Hendrix was born on November 27, 1942 in Seattle, Washington, to African-American parents Lucille (Jeter) and James Allen Hendrix. His mother named him John Allen Hendrix and raised him alone while his father, Al Hendrix, was off fighting in World War II. When his mother became sick from alcoholism, Hendrix was sent to live with relatives in Berkeley, California. When his father returned from Europe in 1945 he took back Hendrix, divorced his wife, and renamed him James Marshall Hendrix. When Jimi was 13 his father taught him to play an acoustic guitar. In 1959 Jimi dropped out of high school and enlisted in the U.S. Army, but soon became disenchanted with military service. After he broke his ankle during a training parachute jump, he was honorably discharged. He then went to work as a sideman on the rhythm-and-blues circuit, honing his craft but making little or no money. Jimi got restless being a sideman and moved to New York City hoping to get a break in the music business. Through his friend Curtis Knight, Jimi discovered the music scene in Greenwich Village, which left indelible impressions on him. It was here that he began taking drugs, among them marijuana, pep pills and cocaine. In 1966, while Jimi was performing with his own band called James & the Blue Flames at Cafe Wha?, John Hammond Jr. approached Jimi about the Flames playing backup for him at Cafe Au Go Go. Jimi agreed and during the show's finale, Hammond let Jimi cut loose on Bo Diddley 's \"I'm the Man.\" Linda Keith, girlfriend of The Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards , was one of Jimi's biggest fans and it was she who told friend Chas Chandler , a band manager, about Jimi. When Chandler heard Jimi play, he asked him to come to London to form his own band, and while there Chandler made the simple change in Jimi's name by formally dropping James and replacing it with Jimi. Having settled in England with a new band called the Jimi Hendrix Experience, which consisted of Jimi as guitarist and lead singer, bass player Noel Redding and drummer Mitch Mitchell , Jimi took the country by storm with the release of his first single \"Hey, Joe.\" In the summer of 1967 Jimi performed back in the USA at the Monterey Pop Festival, a mix-up backstage forced Jimi to follow The Who onstage, where after a superb performance Jimi tore up the house by trashing his guitar in a wild frenzy. Afterwards, Jimi's career skyrocketed with the release of the Experience's first two albums, \"Are You Experienced?\" and \"Axis: Bold as Love,\" which catapulted him to the top of the charts. However, tensions, possibly connected with Jimi's drug use and the constant presence of hangers-on in the studio and elsewhere, began to fracture some of his relationships, including Chas Chandler, who quit as manager in February 1968. In September 1968 the Experience released their most successful album, \"Electric Ladyland.\" However, in early 1969 bassist Redding left the Experience and was replaced by Billy Cox , an old army buddy who Jimi had jammed with. Jimi began experimenting with different musicians. For the Woodstock music festival Jimi put together an outfit called the Gypsies, Sun and Rainbows, with Mitchell and Cox as well as a second guitarist and two percussionists. Their one and only performance in August 1969 at Woodstock took place near Bethel, New York, where Hendrix and his band were to be the closing headline act. Because of the delay getting there and the logistical problems, Jimi performed on the morning of the fourth and final day. Only 25,000 people of the original 400,000 stayed to watch Jimi and his band as the closing music number, where Jimi's searing rendering of \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" became the anthem for counterculture. After Woodstock, Jimi formed a new band with Cox on bass and Buddy Miles on drums with the May 1970 release of the album \"The Band of Gypsys.\" Jimi's last album, \"Cry of Love\", featured Cox on bass and former Experience drummer Mitchell on drums. However, Jimi's drug problem finally caught up with him. On the night of September 17, 1970, while living in London, Jimi took some sleeping pills, which were prescribed for his live-in girlfriend Monika Danneman. Sometime after midnight, Jimi threw up from an apparent allergic reaction to the pills and then passed out. Danneman, thinking him to be all right, went out to get cigarettes for them. When she returned, she found him lying where he collapsed, having inhaled his own vomit, and and she couldn't wake him. Danneman called an ambulance, which took him to a nearby hospital, but Jimi Hendrix was pronounced dead a short while later without regaining consciousness. He was 27 years old. Jimi Hendrix's life was short, but his impact on the rock guitar is still being heard which set the course for a new era of rock music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.109048366546631, "source": "search", "title": "Jimi Hendrix - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "Name was legally changed from \"Johnny Allen Hendrix\" to \"James Marshall Hendrix\" on September 11, 1946. He was 3 years old at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9325165748596191, "source": "search", "title": "Jimi Hendrix - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "James Marshall Hendrix (27 Nov 1942 - 18 Sep 1970) - Jimi Hendrix was one of the most important and influential popular musicians of the twentieth century, who crammed a great deal of living into his (almost) 28 years. Skyrocketing to fame after appearing at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival, we went on to headline at Woodstock in 1969 and the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970. He is credited with popularizing the use of the wah-wah pedal and stereophonic effects in recordings, as well as highly amplified feedback. He received numerous music awards, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame posthumously, and was named by Rolling Stone as “the greatest guitarist of all time”. Jimi Hendrix died a drug-related death in London; he is buried in Seattle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.018651008605957, "source": "search", "title": "Hendrix - Baby Boy Name Meaning and Origin | Oh Baby! Names" }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "The preeminent \"guitar hero\" to emerge during the 1960s -- as well as being fashioned into the principal deity in the pantheon of celebrity drug casualties -- Johhny Allen Hendricks (soon re-named James Marshall Hendricks and eventually known as Jimi Hendrix) was brought into the world in the city of Seattle, the son of Al Hendricks and his wife Lucille Jeter. Although spending some of his early years living in Vancouver with his grandmother Nora Rose Moore, Jimi was primarily raised by his father following his parent's divorce in 1951, his mother being removed from his life entirely in 1958 as a result of alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Al recognized and encouraged his son's enthusiasm for music, and provided him with first a ukulele and then a cheap guitar in the months following his mother's death; Jimi subsequently immersed himself in learning the instrument, and joined his first band The Velvetones shortly afterwards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.637305498123169, "source": "search", "title": "Jimi Hendrix - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Marshall", "passage": "Jimi Hendrix was born Johnny Allen Hendrix (later changed by his father to James Marshall) on November 27, 1942, in Seattle, Washington. He had a difficult childhood, sometimes living in the care of relatives and even acquaintances at times. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.206005573272705, "source": "search", "title": "Jimi Hendrix - Guitarist, Songwriter, Singer - Biography.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Maria Maggi", "passage": "After the death of Argentina’s beloved first lady in 1952, Peron’s embalmed body was put on display inside a Buenos Aires trade union headquarters until an enormous mausoleum could be constructed. The Argentine military leaders who seized power from Juan Peron in 1955 feared the symbolic power of his wife’s corpse, so they hid it in locations around the city that included a movie theater and water works. In 1957, Peron was secretly buried in Milan, Italy under the assumed name “Maria Maggi.” Fourteen years later, Evita’s body was exhumed and moved to Madrid, where her husband lived in exile. Finally in 1974, her remains were returned to Buenos Aires and buried in a fortified crypt in La Recoleta Cemetery.", "precise_score": 3.7913219928741455, "rough_score": 2.0945754051208496, "source": "search", "title": "Digging Up the Dead: History’s Most Famous Exhumations ..." }, { "answer": "Eva Peron", "passage": "2. Eva Peron", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.15086841583252, "source": "search", "title": "Digging Up the Dead: History’s Most Famous Exhumations ..." }, { "answer": "Maria Maggi", "passage": "Argentinean Leader. Wife of Argentina President Juan Domingo Peron. Born Maria Eva, she was the fourth child born to Juana Ibarguren and Juan Duarte, all illegitimate in a ramshackle house near the village of Los Toldos some 150 miles west of Buenos Aires. At 15, she arrived in Buenos Aires, and became a star of radio soap operas and then a movie. She met Juan Peron during an earthquake-relief meeting. The widowed Peron married her in 1945, and they became a team in power ruling Argentina until her death from cancer in 1952. She lived in style and had a fierce mission: to be the savior of the poor. She got the women the vote, won benefits for workers, founded schools, orphanages and hospitals. She became an icon rivaling the Virgin Mary. When she died of cancer, the 33-year old Evita was adored as a saint by working-class Argentines. General Peron hired the best embalmer money could buy, the meticulous Dr. Pedro Ara of Spain, to preserve the body in lifelike perfection. He tended to her for over 20 years and was accused of falling in love with the body. The odyssey which was to last almost two decades began at her death with ceremonies upon ceremonies which only ceased when everyone was simply worn out. Her body was then kept on the top floor of the Peronist trade union headquarters in Buenos Aires. Visitation continued non-stop. In 1955, a military coup overthrew Peron and he went into exile in Madrid, Spain. Evita's body was spirited out of the country and buried secretly in Milan, Italy under the name Maria Maggi. She lay here for 16 Years. In 1971 her remains were dug up and hastily transferred to Spain and a villa where Juan Peron was staying. Under the supervision of her embalmer, Dr. Pedro Ara, the rotted wood of the outer container was removed, showing the original bronze casket containing the perfectly preserved body of Evita. 1974 found Juan Peron President of Argentina once again. He died July 1, 1974 and Eva was returned to Buenos Aires and her body for a brief time, was displayed next to his coffin. Plans for a giant monument to them were abandoned due to renewed political unrest in the country. Eventually, they were parted. She was quickly and secretly in the middle of the night without ceremony was entombed to the Recoleta Cemetery, famous for its burial of the wealthy and socially prominent people of Argentina. Juan was interred on the grounds of the presidential estate. Two years after Peron's death in 1974, a hostile military regime removed his coffin from the official grave on the presidential estate and banished it to the family crypt in a Buenos Aires cemetery. Robbers broke into the crypt, in 1987 and sliced off the general's hands with an electric saw. The mystery of the stolen hands remains \"one of the great enigmas of Argentine history\". (bio by: John R. Mark)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.104543685913086, "source": "search", "title": "Eva \"Evita\" Perón (1919 - 1952) - Find A Grave Memorial" } ]

[ { "answer": "May", "passage": "Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby, Jr. (May 3, 1903 – October 14, 1977) was an American singer and actor. Crosby's trademark warm bass-baritone voice made him the best-selling recording artist of the 20th century, having sold over one billion records, tapes, compact discs and digital downloads around the world.", "precise_score": 2.143557071685791, "rough_score": -1.631401538848877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "The first public performance of the song was by Bing Crosby, on his NBC radio show The Kraft Music Hall on Christmas Day, 1941; a copy of the recording from the radio program is owned by Crosby's estate and was loaned to CBS News Sunday Morning for their December 25, 2011, program. He subsequently recorded the song with the John Scott Trotter Orchestra and the Ken Darby Singers and Chorus for Decca Records in just 18 minutes on May 29, 1942, and it was released on July 30 as part of an album of six 78-rpm discs from the musical film Holiday Inn. At first, Crosby did not see anything special about the song. He just said \"I don't think we have any problems with that one, Irving.\" The song established and solidified the fact that there could be commercially successful secular Christmas songs - in this case, written by a Jewish-American songwriter, who also wrote \"God Bless America.\"", "precise_score": 3.182493209838867, "rough_score": -1.8920003175735474, "source": "wiki", "title": "White Christmas (song)" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "Crosby recorded a version of the song for release as a single with the Kim Darby Singers and the John Scott Trotter Orchestra on May 29, 1942 - a few months before the movie hit theaters. At the advice of Bing's record producer Jack Kapp, this original first verse was excised as it made no sense outside of the context of the film. Now starting with the familiar, \"I'm dreaming of a white Christmas,\" the song became a huge hit, going to #1 on the Billboard chart (measuring sales) in October, and staying in the top spot for 11 weeks, taking it through the first two weeks of 1943.", "precise_score": 7.652755260467529, "rough_score": 4.528488636016846, "source": "search", "title": "White Christmas by Bing Crosby Songfacts" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "In 1974, Crosby developed a serious lung infection that required several months of recovery time. However, he was soon back recording and even went on tour, giving his first performances before paying audiences in decades. Golf was the great love of Crosby's life; ironically, he died of a heart attack on Oct. 14, 1977, right after finishing 18 holes on a course outside of Madrid, Spain. His special, \"Bing Crosby's Merrie Olde Christmas\" (CBS, 1977) aired six weeks after his death. Filmed in Britain, the program included David Bowie among its guests and while in that country, Crosby did a concert tour with all proceeds going to local charities. Plans had just been finalized to reunite Crosby, Hope and Lamour for one more \"Road\" picture, \"The Road to the Fountain of Youth,\" which would have been the eighth in the series and the first in 15 years. Crosby's family experienced a number of trials and tribulations following his death. The actor's eldest son, Gary, wrote the 1983 book \"Going My Own Way\" in which he greatly criticized his father for violent, abusive behaviour, with the publication drawing comparisons to \"Mommie Dearest\", Christina Crawford's tell-all about her adopted mother Joan Crawford published five years earlier. Son Phillip disputed Gary's account of their father and vehemently denounced his older brother's book; Gary would admit in later years to exaggerating the severity of certain incidents. Two other Crosby sons, Lindsay and Dennis, committed suicide in December 1989 and May 1991, respectively. Both were long-term victims of depression and alcohol abuse, and both used firearms to kill themselves. Regardless of the tragedy surrounding his life, Crosby's legacy as one of the most popular entertainers of the 20th century was well assured.", "precise_score": 2.218719482421875, "rough_score": -2.4306344985961914, "source": "search", "title": "Bing Crosby - 8/3 - tcm.com" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "Crosby was born on May 3, 1903Grudens, 2002, p. 236. \"Bing was born on May 3, 1903. He always believed he was born on May 2, 1904.\" in Tacoma, Washington, in a house his father built at 1112 North J Street. In 1906, Crosby's family moved to Spokane, and in 1913, Crosby's father built a house at 508 E. Sharp Ave. The house now sits on the campus of Crosby's alma mater Gonzaga University and formerly housed the Alumni Association.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.786831855773926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "He was the fourth of seven children: brothers Larry (1895–1975), Everett (1896–1966), Ted (1900–1973), and Bob (1913–1993); and two sisters, Catherine (1904–1974) and Mary Rose (1906–1990). His parents were Harry Lowe Crosby, Sr. (1870–1950), a bookkeeper, and Catherine Helen \"Kate\" (née Harrigan; 1873–1964). Crosby's mother was a second generation Irish-American. His father was of English descent; some of his ancestors had emigrated to America in the 17th century, and included Mayflower passenger William Brewster (c. 1567 – April 10, 1644). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.934186935424805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "Crosby reportedly had an alcohol problem in his youth, and may have been dismissed from Paul Whiteman's orchestra because of it, but he later got a handle on his drinking. According to Giddins, Crosby told his son Gary to stay away from alcohol, adding, \"It killed your mother.\"Giddins, 2001, p. 181.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.402183532714844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "#Opus One (Mills Brothers “and maybe old Bing will give it a fling”)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.305782318115234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "Elvis doing Christmas songs did rub some people the wrong way, but much of the controversy was manufactured, helping Elvis' Christmas Album stay at #1 for an amazing five weeks in late 1957 and early 1958. The best publicity stunt may have been the one pulled off by the Portland, Oregon radio station KEX, which refused to play the song and sparked a debate among listeners as to the merits of Presley's Christmas output. Their disc jockey Al Priddy played the song on a Sunday, and was \"fired\" the next day, making national news - Priddy even played the phone call of his firing on the air before he left. The station continued to play up the incident, and brought Priddy back two weeks later, claiming that overwhelming listener support made them decide to bring him back.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.136839866638184, "source": "search", "title": "White Christmas by Bing Crosby Songfacts" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": " 2009 Hollywood Singing and Dancing: A Musical History - The 1930s: Dancing Away the Great Depression (Video documentary) (performer: \"I Surrender Dear\", \"When I Take My Sugar to Tea\", \"Auf Wiedersehen, My Dear\", \"Just One More Chance\", \"Dream House\", \"For You\", \"After Sundown\", \"We'll Make Hay While the Sun Shines\", \"Once in a Blue Moon\", \"May I?\", \"Love Thy Neighbor\", \"Empty Saddles\", \"The Merry Go Runaround\" - uncredited)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377704620361328, "source": "search", "title": "Bing Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": " 1999 The Talented Mr. Ripley (performer: \"MAY I?\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448719024658203, "source": "search", "title": "Bing Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": " 1934 We're Not Dressing (performer: \"Sailor's Chanty (It's a Lie)\" (1934), \"I Positively Refuse to Sing\" (1934), \"Stormy Weather\" (1933), \"Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf\" (1933), \"The Last Round-Up (Git Along, Little Dogie, Git Along)\" (1933) - 1934, 1934, 1934, 1934, 1934, , \"May I?\", \"Goodnight Lovely Little Lady\", \"She Reminds Me of You\", \"Love Thy Neighbor\", \"Once in a Blue Moon\"), uncredited)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.617666244506836, "source": "search", "title": "Bing Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "Who doesn't know and love that song? Irving Berlin wrote it in 1940. Bing Crosby first performed it on December 25, 1941, on his CBS radio show. In May 1942 he recorded it, and in August of that year, he could be seen singing it on screen in the hit movie Holiday Inn. Soon it was at the top of the charts, where it remained for eleven weeks, and in early 1943 it won the Oscar® for Best Song. It hit #1 again in 1945 and 1947 and went on to hold the record as all-time bestselling single for over 50 years. (The song that finally knocked it down to #2? Elton John's 1997 recording of \"Candle in the Wind,\" with lyrics rewritten to honor the late Princess Diana.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.347415447235107, "source": "search", "title": "White Christmas - Watch Turner Classic Movies on TCM" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "Music: Gus Levene, Joseph J. Lilley, Bernard Mayers, Van Cleave", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.309141159057617, "source": "search", "title": "White Christmas - Watch Turner Classic Movies on TCM" }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "Christmas has always been the holiday with the most extensive songbook. No matter how hard poor Flag Day may try, it just can’t compete with centuries of classic carols and dozens of new songs being written every year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.833772659301758, "source": "search", "title": "5 Christmas Albums Worth Adding to your Collection - The ..." }, { "answer": "May", "passage": "One of seven children, Harry Lillis Crosby was born on May 3, 1903 in Tacoma, WA. He earned the nickname \"Bing\" while a student at Webster School in Spokane, due to his enthusiasm for The Bingville Bugle, a weekly satirical newspaper supplement. A graduate of the Jesuit-run Gonzaga High School, Crosby played in the school band and worked numerous odd jobs to make ends meet. During his time as a student at Gonzaga University, where he excelled at diction and debating, Crosby became part of a six-piece combo called The Musicaladers, which eventually began landing paid gigs. It was hoped that Crosby would become a lawyer, but by now, the youth was convinced showbiz lay in his future. Making his way out to Los Angeles with fellow Musicalader Al Rinker, the pair were enlisted to perform at The Boulevard Theater and eventually played other venues. They then became part of The Morrissey Music Hall Revue and were put under contract by top jazz bandleader Paul Whiteman. With singer-songwriter Harry Barris joining them, Crosby and Rinker became The Rhythm Boys; Crosby handled the solos and recorded his first song \"Muddy Water\" in 1927. In addition to touring for Whiteman, the trio also appeared in the movies, \"King of Jazz\" (1930), \"Two Plus Fours\" (1930) and \"Confessions of a Co-Ed\" (1931).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.759538173675537, "source": "search", "title": "Bing Crosby - 8/3 - tcm.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "The Transkei ( or, meaning the area beyond Great Kei River|[the river] Kei), officially the Republic of Transkei (), was a Bantustan—an area set aside for members of a specific ethnicity—and nominal parliamentary democracy in the southeastern region of South Africa. Its capital was Umtata, which was renamed Mthatha in 2004.", "precise_score": -1.5495606660842896, "rough_score": -5.211153507232666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "The United Nations Security Council supported moves not to recognise Transkei, and in Resolution 402 (1976) condemned moves by South Africa to pressure Lesotho to recognise Transkei by closing its borders with the country.", "precise_score": -1.7582926750183105, "rough_score": -5.335600852966309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "The Transkei government was a participant in the Codesa negotiations for a new South Africa. The territory was reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, and the area became part of the Eastern Cape province.", "precise_score": -0.8198274374008179, "rough_score": -5.333646774291992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "With the dissolution of Transkei in 1994, the TDF and the Transkei Police were incorporated into the South African National Defence Force and the South African Police Service, respectively.", "precise_score": -3.5847673416137695, "rough_score": -5.664163589477539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "Transkei represented a significant precedent and historic turning point in South Africa's policy of apartheid and \"separate development\"; it was the first of four territories to be declared independent of South Africa. Throughout its existence, it remained an internationally unrecognised, diplomatically isolated, politically unstable de facto one-party state, which at one point broke relations with South Africa, the only country that acknowledged it as a legal entity. In 1994, it was reintegrated into its larger neighbour and became part of the Eastern Cape province.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.310427188873291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "The South African government set up the area as one of the two homelands for Xhosa-speaking people in Cape Province, the other being Ciskei; it was given nominal autonomy in 1963. Although the first election was contested and won by the Democratic Party, whose founder Chief Victor Poto was opposed to the notion of Bantustan independence, the government was formed by the Transkei National Independence Party. Of the 109 members in the regional parliament, only 45 were elected; the remaining seats held by ex officio chiefs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.056917190551758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "The entity became a nominally independent state in 1976 with its capital at Umtata (now Mthatha), although it was recognised only by South Africa and later by the other nominally independent republics within the TBVC-system. Chief Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima was Transkei's Prime Minister until 1979, when he assumed the office of President, a position he held until 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.594437599182129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "South African prime minister B. J. Vorster justified the declaration of Transkei as an independent republic by referring to \"the right of every people to have full control over its own affairs\" and wished \"Transkei and its leaders God's richest blessings on the road ahead.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.610903263092041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "A press release by the African National Congress at the time rejected the Transkei's independence and condemned it as \"designed to consolidate the inhuman policies of apartheid\". During its thirty-first session, in resolution A/RES/31/6 A, the General Assembly of the United Nations referred to Transkei's \"sham independence\" as \"invalid,\" re-iterated its labeling of South Africa as a \"racist régime,\" and called upon \"all [g]overnments to deny any form of recognition to the so-called independent Transkei.\" An article published in Time Magazine opined that though Transkei declared independence theoretically as a \"free Black state\", Matanzima ruled as the dictator of a one-party state. He banned local opposition parties and bought farmlands for himself and his family offered by the South African government at subsidised prices. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.972714900970459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "Throughout its existence, Transkei's economy remained dependent on that of its larger neighbour, with the local population being recruited as workers into South Africa's Rand mines. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.731100559234619, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "Because of a territorial dispute, Matanzima announced on 10 April 1978 that Transkei would break all diplomatic ties with South Africa, including a unilateral withdrawal from the non-aggression pact between the two governments, and ordered that all South African Defence Force members seconded to the Transkei Army should leave. This created the unique situation of a country refusing to deal with the only internationally recognised nation it was recognised by. Matanzima soon backed down in the face of Transkei's dependence on South African economic aid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.720101833343506, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "On 20 February 1986, faced with South African evidence of corruption, Matanzima was forced to retire as President. He was succeeded by his brother George. Kaiser Matanzima was still described as Transkei's effective leader for a time, but soon the two fell out and Kaiser was temporarily detained in the Transkei gaols in 1987; upon release, he was restricted to Qamata.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.498730659484863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "The Transkei consisted of three disconnected sections with a total area covering ,. The large main segment was bordered by the Umtamvuna River in the north and the Great Kei River in the south, with the Indian Ocean and the Drakensberg mountain range, including parts of the landlocked kingdom of Lesotho, served as the eastern and western frontiers. A further two small segments occurred as landlocked isolates within South Africa. One of these was in the north-west, along the Orange River adjoining south-western Lesotho, and the other in the uMzimkhulu area to the east, each reflecting colonially designated tribal areas where Xhosa speaking peoples predominated. A large portion of the area was mountainous and not suitable for agriculture. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.743967056274414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "Conflicting data exist about the number of inhabitants. According to the South African Encyclopaedia, the total population of the Transkei increased from 2,487,000 to 3,005,000 between 1960 and 1970. An estimate of 1982 puts the number at about 2.3 million, with approximately 400,000 citizens residing permanently outside the territory's borders. Fewer than 10,000 individuals were of European descent, and the urbanization-rate for the entire population was around 5%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.304951667785645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "After breaking all diplomatic ties with South Africa, President Matanzima announced construction-plans for an international airport by an unnamed French consortium in order for \"arms and troops from other countries\" to be brought into Transkei without touching South African soil, but did not elaborate on where those resources would originate. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.388054370880127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "*Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, former president of the ANC and President of South Africa 1994–1999", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417400360107422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "*Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki, Co-Deputy President of South Africa 1994–1996, Deputy President of South Africa 1996–1999, President of South Africa 1999–2008", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483617782592773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "*Govan Archibald Mvuyelwa Mbeki, former South African politician and leader of the ANC", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474177360534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "*Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu, former South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the ANC", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.517230987548828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" }, { "answer": "South Africa", "passage": "*Bantu Holomisa, Chief of Staff of the Transkei Defense Force 1985–1987, Transkei's Head of State 1987–1994, South African Member of Parliament, President of the United Democratic Movement", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.950684070587158, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transkei" } ]

[ { "answer": "Foster", "passage": "The movie is based on a popular radio series of the time and in a few years it would move on to television where Judy Foster and Oogie Pringle would continue the everlasting courtship.", "precise_score": -0.8325356245040894, "rough_score": 3.5990333557128906, "source": "search", "title": "A Date with Judy Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Foster", "passage": "The show began as a summer replacement for Bob Hope's show, sponsored by Pepsodent and airing on NBC from June 24 to September 16, 1941, with 14-year-old Ann Gillis in the title role. Mercedes McCambridge played Judy's girl friend. Dellie Ellis portrayed Judy Foster when the series returned the next summer (June 23 – September 15, 1942).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.823451817035675, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Date with Judy" }, { "answer": "Foster", "passage": "Wallace Beery is the best thing in the film. He plays Melvin Foster, Judy's father. He refuses to dance at the party with his wife, and thanks to Xavier Cugat's suggestion, he decides to engage Rosita, the voluptuous Carmen Miranda, to give him private lessons. Since the tutoring takes place in his office, and it's surrounded by a cloud of mystery, it appears Melvin and Rosita are having an affair. But the biggest surprise comes at the end of the film when the Fosters are celebrating their 20th anniversary and we watch Melvin, who by now is an experienced dancer, shows off on the dance floor. A delicious moment, indeed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.38577127456665, "source": "search", "title": "A Date with Judy Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Rock Your Baby", "passage": "Richard Finch of KC and the Sunshine Band has said that \"Rock The Boat\" played a partial role in inspiring the hit \"Rock Your Baby\". The song was also featured in the 1993 film Carlito's Way, the 1996 film The Cable Guy, the 1999 film Man on the Moon, the HBO series The Sopranos (Season 2, episode 5, Big Girls Don't Cry), commercial for M&M's, and (sung in character by Seth MacFarlane as Glenn Quagmire, Patrick Warburton as Joe Swanson, and Mike Henry as Cleveland Brown) the Family Guy episode A Very Special Family Guy Freakin' Christmas.The song appeared in the 1997 movie The Devil's Own with Harrison Ford and Brad Pitt, and a short extract of the refrain (\"Love is a ship on the ocean..\") in the 2015 movie The Martian directed by Ridley Scott and starring Matt Damon.", "precise_score": -0.5103112459182739, "rough_score": -4.780917644500732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock the Boat (The Hues Corporation song)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "During the Depression, the North Carolina General Assembly searched for cost savings within state government. Towards this effort in 1931, it redefined the University of North Carolina, which at the time referred exclusively to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; the new Consolidated University of North Carolina was created to include the existing campuses of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. The three campuses came under the leadership of just one board and one president. By 1969, three additional campuses had joined the Consolidated University through legislative action: the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.", "precise_score": 4.413721084594727, "rough_score": 1.3084778785705566, "source": "wiki", "title": "University of North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "*University of North Carolina at Wilmington (1963)", "precise_score": 0.49347421526908875, "rough_score": -3.2382497787475586, "source": "wiki", "title": "University of North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). More than 200 years later, the University of North Carolina system encompasses 17 public universities including North Carolina State University, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Central University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, East Carolina University, Western Carolina University, Winston-Salem State University, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Pembroke, UNC Wilmington, Elizabeth City State University, Appalachian State University, Fayetteville State University, and UNC School of the Arts, and . Along with its public universities, North Carolina has 58 public community colleges in its community college system.The largest university in North Carolina is currently North Carolina State University, with more than 34,000 students. North Carolina is home to many excellent universities as well as dozens of community colleges and private universities.", "precise_score": 4.080761909484863, "rough_score": -3.1320207118988037, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "The 1931 session of the General Assembly redefined the University of North Carolina to include three state-supported institutions: the campus at Chapel Hill (now the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), North Carolina State College (now North Carolina State University at Raleigh), and Woman's College (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro). The new multi-campus University operated with one board of trustees and one president. By 1969, three additional campuses had joined the University through legislative action: the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.", "precise_score": 4.539757251739502, "rough_score": 3.2957193851470947, "source": "search", "title": "About the University - University of North Carolina at ..." }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Beyond teaching high school in North Dakota and North Carolina, Winningham served as a faculty member at the University of Wyoming, the Women's College of the University of North Carolina (now UNC Greensboro) and the UNC College Center in Wilmington (now UNC Wilmington). Her connection to UNC Charlotte dates back to its time as Charlotte College. Winningham joined the faculty in 1947, and she spent the next two decades infecting everyone around her with her passion for politics and international affairs.", "precise_score": -0.2670536935329437, "rough_score": -1.5889198780059814, "source": "search", "title": "About the University - University of North Carolina at ..." }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "By the early 1890s Charlotte was a little city with big-city ambitions. The 1890 census counted a respectable 11,557 people, but still less than the capitals of Columbia and Raleigh and far behind the Carolinas' ports of Charleston and Wilmington. 86 Despite the fact that the town was still small enough for easy walking it now had a costly trolley network and a suburb, built and kept alive by New South leaders who believed that Charlotte's growth would soon justify them.", "precise_score": -3.971297025680542, "rough_score": -3.270061731338501, "source": "search", "title": "THE GROWTH OF CHARLOTTE: A HISTORY - cmhpf.org" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Political tensions ran so high that a small group of white Democrats in 1898 planned to take over the Wilmington government if their candidates were not elected. In the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, more than 1,500 white men attacked the black newspaper and neighborhood, killed numerous men, and ran off the white Republican mayor and aldermen. They installed their own people and elected Alfred M. Waddell as mayor, in the only coup d'état in United States history. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.096114158630371, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. Most of North Carolina's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state. Although North Carolina's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia, Georgia, or South Carolina, significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton, as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh, Charlotte, and Durham in the Piedmont. Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio-economic power in antebellum North Carolina, which was a slave society. They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave-holding \"yeoman\" farmers of western North Carolina. In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129-mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a \"farmer's railroad\", from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston-Salem).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.143407821655273, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "On October 25, 1836, construction began on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad to connect the port city of Wilmington with the state capital of Raleigh. In 1849 the North Carolina Railroad was created by act of the legislature to extend that railroad west to Greensboro, High Point, and Charlotte. During the Civil War, the Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch of the railroad would be vital to the Confederate war effort; supplies shipped into Wilmington would be moved by rail through Raleigh to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.684266090393066, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "During the antebellum period, North Carolina was an overwhelmingly rural state, even by Southern standards. In 1860 only one North Carolina town, the port city of Wilmington, had a population of more than 10,000. Raleigh, the state capital, had barely more than 5,000 residents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.271905899047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "While slaveholding was slightly less concentrated than in some Southern states, according to the 1860 census, more than 330,000 people, or 33% of the population of 992,622, were enslaved African Americans. They lived and worked chiefly on plantations in the eastern Tidewater. In addition, 30,463 free people of color lived in the state. They were also concentrated in the eastern coastal plain, especially at port cities such as Wilmington and New Bern, where a variety of jobs were available. Free African Americans were allowed to vote until 1835, when the state revoked their suffrage in restrictions following the slave rebellion of 1831 led by Nat Turner. Southern slave codes criminalized willful killing of a slave in most cases. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483319282531738, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.480493545532227, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "North Carolina boasts a large number of noteworthy jazz musicians, some among the most important in the history of the genre. These include: John Coltrane, (Hamlet, High Point); Thelonious Monk (Rocky Mount); Billy Taylor (Greenville); Woody Shaw (Laurinburg); Lou Donaldson (Durham); Max Roach (Newland); Tal Farlow (Greensboro); Albert, Jimmy and Percy Heath (Wilmington); Nina Simone (Tryon); and Billy Strayhorn (Hillsborough).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.954782485961914, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "North Carolina has a variety of shopping choices. SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet. Other major malls in Charlotte include Northlake Mall and Carolina Place Mall in nearby suburb Pineville. Other major malls throughout the state include Hanes Mall in Winston-Salem; Crabtree Valley Mall, North Hills Mall, and Triangle Town Center in Raleigh; Friendly Center and Four Seasons Town Centre in Greensboro; Oak Hollow Mall in High Point; Concord Mills in Concord; Valley Hills Mall in Hickory; and The Streets at Southpoint and Northgate Mall in Durham and Independence Mall in Wilmington, NC, and Tanger Outlets in Charlotte, Nags Head, Blowing Rock, and Mebane, NC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.930217266082764, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Several ships have been named after the state. Most famous is the , a World War II battleship. The ship served in several battles against the forces of Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater during the war. Now decommissioned, it is part of the USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial in Wilmington. Another , a nuclear attack submarine, was commissioned in Wilmington, NC, on May 3, 2008. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.810896873474121, "source": "wiki", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Several other UNC institutions have honored the Fridays with buildings on their campuses, including N.C. State University (the William and Ida Friday Institute for Educational Innovation), UNC-Chapel Hill (the William and Ida Friday Center for Continuing Education) and UNC Wilmington (Friday Hall).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.70512580871582, "source": "search", "title": "About the University - University of North Carolina at ..." }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Arnold K. King may be one of the few individuals to have a building named in his honor on two UNC system campuses. Ten years before UNC Charlotte dedicated the King Building for him, UNC Wilmington put King's name on an administrative and classroom building. Such an honor is an indication of the vital role King played throughout the UNC system.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.837882995605469, "source": "search", "title": "About the University - University of North Carolina at ..." }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "King participated in a number of education-related study commissions, panels and boards across North Carolina and around the country. UNC President Friday and King were colleagues for more than 20 years. The UNC leader turned to King for his assessment when planning for the system's future. King served as a liaison between Friday and Charlotte College during the institution's transition to becoming the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He later played the same role for UNC Asheville and UNC Wilmington.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.322656154632568, "source": "search", "title": "About the University - University of North Carolina at ..." }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "The city of Charlotte is set in the midst of the Carolinas' Piedmont region, a broad band of rolling hills that extends north and south from Virginia to Georgia between the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west and the flat coastal plain along the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Until the 1750s, what are now Charlotte and surrounding Mecklenburg county were inhabited only by Catawba Indians, for whom the Catawba River at the western edge of the county is now named. 1 The eastern part of the Carolinas had already been settled for over a hundred years. By the mid 18th century, the port towns of New Bern and Wilmington, North Carolina, and Georgetown and Charleston, South Carolina, flourished where major river systems emptied into the Atlantic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.221285343170166, "source": "search", "title": "THE GROWTH OF CHARLOTTE: A HISTORY - cmhpf.org" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Charlotte's importance increased with addition of two more lines in the next seven years. In 1860 a railroad company grandly known as the Atlantic, Tennessee, and Ohio began running trains out of the city. 28 Despite its impressive name, the line only went from Charlotte to Statesville, North Carolina. Its rails were cannibalized by Confederate forces late in the Civil War to repair more vital rail links, and it did not reopen until 1874, as part of the Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line. 29 In 1861 the first leg of the Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherford Railroad connected Charlotte and Lincolnton, North Carolina. 30", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.628672122955322, "source": "search", "title": "THE GROWTH OF CHARLOTTE: A HISTORY - cmhpf.org" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Charlotteans recognized how much their good fortune depended on rail links, and they used the proceeds of the postwar prosperity to build new lines. In 1872 the city added its fifth railroad, the Carolina Central, which connected Charlotte directly with the port of Wilmington. 44 In 1874 the rails were re-laid on the pre-war line to Statesville and new roadbed was built southeast from the city through Gastonia. 45 The result was christened the Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line, and soon stretched from Richmond to Atlanta. In a period when most of the capital for a new line came from local public subscription, this new construction so soon after the war was strong proof of Charlotte's economic vitality.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.802133083343506, "source": "search", "title": "THE GROWTH OF CHARLOTTE: A HISTORY - cmhpf.org" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "It was in this context that antebellum Charlotte existed. As late as 1860, North Carolina's largest town, the port of Wilmington, had only 9,552 people. 53 The port of Charleston was the region's only large city, with 40,519 residents; South Carolina's second largest city was the capital of Columbia with but 8,052. 54 All of the major towns were located on rivers in the coastal plain. Charlotte was back in the Piedmont and ten miles from the nearest river. Its gold mining interests and new railroads made it North Carolina's sixth largest \"urban place,\" but it was little more than a village with 2,265 people, an indication of the state's rural character. 55", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.682826042175293, "source": "search", "title": "THE GROWTH OF CHARLOTTE: A HISTORY - cmhpf.org" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Charlotte's rate of expansion dropped somewhat in the late teens when U. S. entry into World War I put a stop to most civilian construction. By that time, however, Charlotte was clearly a city. It was headquarters of a large textile region, with a diversified economic base including banking, power generation and wholesaling. A bustling mass transit system, the backbone of big-city growth, now served an expanding ring of suburbs. In the 1910 census Charlotte pulled far ahead of Raleigh in population and finally overtook the port of Wilmington to become North Carolina's largest city, symbolizing the shift in the state's economy from cotton and tobacco export to textile production. 125 Only the port of Charleston, South Carolina, remained larger in the Carolinas, and Charlotte was catching up fast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4654669761657715, "source": "search", "title": "THE GROWTH OF CHARLOTTE: A HISTORY - cmhpf.org" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "The City Council approved a variance from the right-of-way requirements set forth in the City Code for the SkyHouse Apartment project located at 313 S. Wilmington St. The proposed complex will be a 23-story, 320-unit complex. The Council agreed that the existing rights-of-way of 66 feet were adequate for the transportation needs of the area. The Code calls for 90- or 80-foot rights-of-way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466944694519043, "source": "search", "title": "History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "The Pope House Museum officially opened for regular tours on September 29. Located at 511 South Wilmington Street, the structure has undergone a transition from private management to City of Raleigh Parks and Recreation Department management. The structure was built in 1901 as the home to Dr. Manassa Pope and his wife. Dr. Pope is the first medically licensed African-American doctor in North Carolina.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.547691345214844, "source": "search", "title": "History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "Funding for the South Saunders Street/South Wilmington Street corridor study was approved. A total of $150,000 was allocated for the study of Raleigh’s southern gateway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.278759002685547, "source": "search", "title": "History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "The City requested the center vacate the City-owned facility at 900 S. Wilmington St. as of July 31; and,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07339096069336, "source": "search", "title": "History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "On October 4, the City Council announced the selection of Ruffin L. Hall as Raleigh’s City Manager. A native of Fayetteville, Mr. Ruffin has more than 18 years experience working in local government throughout North Carolina in a variety of high profile and high quality communities including Charlotte, Durham, Chapel Hill and Wilmington.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.382918357849121, "source": "search", "title": "History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "The City Council authorized an agreement with the North Carolina Department of Transportation for proposed improvement along Tryon Road from Par Drive to South Wilmington Street. The total estimated cost of the project is approximately $7.1 million, with the City’s share to be $1.8 million. The improvements along the approximately 1.1-mile stretch of road include replacing the bridge over the Norfolk Southern Railroad, realigning Tryon Road through the Renaissance Park development and widening existing portions to four lanes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.010452270507812, "source": "search", "title": "History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov" }, { "answer": "Wilmington", "passage": "A consultant team led by JDavis Architects will be paid $293,745 to provide professional services for the City’s Southern Gateway Corridor Study. The focus area is along South Saunders and South Wilmington streets that are south of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, east of Lake Wheeler Road to Interstate 440 and west of the rail corridor that parallels South Wilmington Street.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.415349960327148, "source": "search", "title": "History Of Raleigh | raleighnc.gov" } ]

[ { "answer": "Switzerland", "passage": "Although catalytic converters soon began to be introduced in American cars, it took almost 15 years before 'cats' were generally regarded as an acceptable emission treatment, and concerns about safety, capability and costs had to be overcome. Cars in Germany, Sweden and Switzerland were first fitted with catalytic converters in 1985, the year in which Walker became one of the very first companies selling catalytic converters in Europe", "precise_score": 4.663669586181641, "rough_score": 4.4384965896606445, "source": "search", "title": "Catalytic Converters | Tenneco Inc." } ]

[ { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Sharon Christa McAuliffe (September 2, 1948 – January 28, 1986) was an American teacher from Concord, New Hampshire, and was one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.", "precise_score": 6.064788818359375, "rough_score": 6.58539342880249, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christa McAuliffe" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "On January 28, 2016, Space Shuttle Challenger was honored once again, but in a uniquely memorable way. Dozens of teachers who competed alongside the fallen Christa McAuliffe traveled to Cape Canaveral, Florida to remember those lost on that day 30 years ago. Christa McAuliffe’s son Scott and husband Steven also participated in the ceremony. After remarking on the fact that 30 years had indeed passed, Steven said “Challenger will always be an event that occurred just recently. Our thoughts and memories of Christa will always be fresh and comforting.”", "precise_score": -2.1824166774749756, "rough_score": -2.4053854942321777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christa McAuliffe" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Teacher Christa McAuliffe (1948-1986) was the first private citizen to be included in a space mission. She died in a fiery explosion mere seconds after the launch of the space shuttle Challenger on January 28, 1986.", "precise_score": 6.15232515335083, "rough_score": 6.485085964202881, "source": "search", "title": "Christa McAuliffe - Encyclopedia.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Some weeks later a NASA search crew located the wreckage of the space shuttle Challenger on the ocean floor. Christa McAuliffe's remains were returned to New Hampshire and buried near her home on May 1, 1986.", "precise_score": 3.8347713947296143, "rough_score": 6.28994607925415, "source": "search", "title": "Christa McAuliffe - Encyclopedia.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Christa McAuliffe's sister, Lisa, sees the space shuttle Challenger explode over Cape Canaveral, Florida.", "precise_score": -0.7211699485778809, "rough_score": 0.12708958983421326, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "On January 28, 1986, at 11:38 a.m., EST, the space shuttle Challenger lifted off Pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The entire crew of seven was lost in the explosion 73 seconds into the launch. Today, on the 25th anniversary of this national tragedy, we honor in memory the brave crew who gave their lives for the exploration of space. Sharon Christa McAuliffe, a New Hampshire social studies teacher, was NASA's choice for the first teacher in space. Because McAuliffe was our local astronaut, she is featured heavily in this post, but we honor all seven on the anniversary of a nation's great loss. -- Paula Nelson ( 34 photos total )", "precise_score": 2.3349664211273193, "rough_score": 1.2839516401290894, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger disaster: remembered - Photos - The Big Picture ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "The crew of the space shuttle Challenger. From left: Ellison Onizuka, Mike Smith, Christa McAuliffe, Dick Scobee, Greg Jarvis, Ron McNair and Judith Resnik. (NASA/1986)", "precise_score": -0.6185042858123779, "rough_score": -0.6829284429550171, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger disaster: remembered - Photos - The Big Picture ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "McAuliffe, chosen America's first teacher to fly aboard a space shuttle mission conducts her hometown volunteer \"Nevers Band\" on the Statehouse lawn. Concord had proclaimed \"Christa McAuliffe Day.\" She conducted the band in \"Stars and Stripes Forever\" (The Boston Globe/Janet Knott/1985) #", "precise_score": -1.4622583389282227, "rough_score": 0.10463295131921768, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger disaster: remembered - Photos - The Big Picture ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Snow falls on the gravesite of Christa McAuliffe. McAuliffe and the rest of the crew of the space shuttle Challenger died 25 years ago when the shuttle exploded. Before the world knew her as \"the teacher in space,\" McAuliffe was known as a popular, energetic teacher who took a great interest in her students. (AP/Jim Cole) #", "precise_score": 2.4498114585876465, "rough_score": 3.543867349624634, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger disaster: remembered - Photos - The Big Picture ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Christa McAuliffe Elementary students walk past a display honoring McAuliffe in February 2003, after an assembly about the history of the space shuttles. McAuliffe, and the six other astronauts who died 25 years ago today, are remembered for their courage and desire to explore the unknown. (AP/Mike Roemer) #", "precise_score": -0.05011933296918869, "rough_score": 2.5455188751220703, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger disaster: remembered - Photos - The Big Picture ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "In 1985, she was selected from more than 11,000 applicants to participate in the NASA Teacher in Space Project and was scheduled to become the first teacher in space. As a member of mission STS-51-L, she was planning to conduct experiments and teach two lessons from Space Shuttle Challenger. On January 28, 1986, the shuttle broke apart 73.124 seconds after launch. After her death, schools and scholarships were named in her honor, and in 2004 she was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.708459854125977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christa McAuliffe" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": " NASA hoped that sending a teacher into space would increase public interest in the Space Shuttle program, and also demonstrate the reliability of space flight at a time when the agency was under continuous pressure to find financial support. President Reagan said it would also remind Americans of the important role that teachers and education serve in their country. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4597749710083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christa McAuliffe" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Later that year, she and Morgan each took a year-long leave of absence from teaching in order to train for a space shuttle mission in early 1986. (NASA paid both their salaries.) While not a member of the NASA Astronaut Corps, McAuliffe was to be part of the STS-51-L crew, and would conduct experiments and teach lessons from space. Her planned duties included basic science experiments in the fields of chromatography, hydroponics, magnetism, and Newton's laws. She was also planning to conduct two 15-minute classes from space, including a tour of the spacecraft, called \"The Ultimate Field Trip\", and a lesson about the benefits of space travel, called \"Where We've Been, Where We're Going, Why.\" The lessons were to be broadcast to millions of schoolchildren via closed-circuit TV. To record her thoughts, McAuliffe intended to keep a personal journal like a \"woman on the Conestoga wagons pioneering the West.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.593968629837036, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christa McAuliffe" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "The Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident—also known as the Rogers Commission—was formed to investigate the disaster. It determined that the accident was due to a failure of rubber O-rings made by Morton-Thiokol that provided a pressure seal in the aft field joint of the shuttle's right Solid Rocket Booster. The failure of the O-rings was attributed to a design flaw, as their performance could be too easily compromised by factors that included the low temperature on the day of launch. The Commission found that O-ring resiliency is directly related to temperature and due to the low temperature at launch—36 degrees Fahrenheit or 15 degrees lower than the next coldest previous launch—it was probable the O-rings had not provided a proper seal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.644256591796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christa McAuliffe" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Barbara Morgan, her backup, became a professional astronaut in January 1998, and flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-118, to the International Space Station, on August 8, 2007, aboard Endeavour, the orbiter that replaced Challenger. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190458297729492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christa McAuliffe" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "The space shuttle Challenger was one of NASA's greatest triumphs. It was the second shuttle to reach space, in April 1983. It successfully completed nine milestone missions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195603370666504, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "The shuttle, then known as STA-099, went through 11 months of vibration testing in a specially formulated rig. This custom-designed machine could bring the shuttle through a simulation of all phases of flight, from liftoff to landing. Three hydraulic cylinders, each with one million pounds of force, were used as substitute space shuttle main engines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.022089958190918, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Besides the milestones in space technology, Challenger also was the vehicle by which several cultural firsts happened in the space shuttle program. The first American female astronaut, Sally Ride , rode up on Challenger on STS-7 in June 1983.  The first African-American , Guion Bluford, reached space on STS-8.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.322378158569336, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Next, he fired the jets on his backpack to stop the satellite's spin. Crew members on Challenger then maneuvered the space shuttle close to the satellite, reached out with the Canadarm robotic arm, and plucked the satellite out of empty space and into the payload bay.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.380841255187988, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Challenger's explosion changed the space shuttle program in several ways. Plans to fly other civilians in space (such as journalists) were shelved for 22 years, until Barbara Morgan , who was McAuliffe's backup, flew aboard Endeavour in 2007. Satellite launches were shifted from the shuttle to reusable rockets. Additionally, astronauts were pulled off of duties such as repairing satellites, and the Manned Maneuvering Unit was not flown again, to better preserve their safety.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.582857608795166, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "In 1978 Scobee entered NASA's astronaut corps and was the pilot of STS-41-C, the fifth orbital flight of the Challenger spacecraft, launching from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 6, 1984. During this seven-day mission the crew successfully retrieved and repaired the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite and returned it to orbit. This was an enormously important mission, because it demonstrated the capability that NASA had long said existed with the Space Shuttle to repair satellites in orbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.787897109985352, "source": "search", "title": "The Crew of the Challenger Shuttle Mission in 1986" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "The pilot for the fatal 1986 Challenger mission was Michael J. Smith, born on April 30, 1945 in Beaufort, North Carolina. At the time of the Challenger accident a commander in the U.S. Navy, Smith had been educated at the U.S. Naval Academy, class of 1967, and received an M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1968. From there he underwent aviator training at Kingsville, Texas, and received his wings in May 1969. After a tour as an instructor at the Navy's Advanced Jet Training Command between 1969 and 1971, Smith flew A- 6 \"Intruders\" from the USS Kitty Hawk in Southeast Asia. Later he worked as a test pilot for the Navy, flying 28 different types of aircraft and logging more than 4,300 hours of flying time. Smith was selected as a NASA astronaut in May 1980, and a year later, after completing further training, he received an assignment as a Space Shuttle pilot, the position he occupied aboard Challenger. This mission was his first space flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.653125286102295, "source": "search", "title": "The Crew of the Challenger Shuttle Mission in 1986" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "When Onizuka was selected for the astronaut corps he entered into a one year training program and then became eligible for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flights. He worked on orbiter test and checkout teams and launch support crews at the Kennedy Space Center for the first two Shuttle missions. Since he was an Air Force officer on detached duty with NASA, Onizuka was a logical choice to serve on the first dedicated Department of Defense classified mission. He was a mission specialist on STS-51-C, taking place 24-27 Jan. 1985 on the Discovery orbiter. The Challenger flight was his second Shuttle mission.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.338064193725586, "source": "search", "title": "The Crew of the Challenger Shuttle Mission in 1986" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "William P. Rogers, et al., Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, five volumes (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1986).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.528865814208984, "source": "search", "title": "The Crew of the Challenger Shuttle Mission in 1986" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "On January 28, 1986, the 25th Space Shuttle mission, STS 51-L, ended in tragedy shortly after launch. The Challenger orbiter was destroyed, and the seven crew members died.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.032462120056152, "source": "search", "title": "The Challenger Accident - National Air and Space Museum" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Throughout her 120 days of astronaut training, McAuliffe shared the experience with the American public through mainstream media outlets. She received briefings and learned to read flight data and to operate certain cockpit controls. She practiced proper procedures for entering and exiting the space shuttle and learned to operate the ship's on-board cameras. She trained on a KC-135 training jet that simulated weightlessness for the astronauts. Other simulators depicted the appearance of space and the feeling of extra gravity pull on liftoff. McAuliffe's emergency training included fire fighting, and the use of a \"rescue ball,\" to be used like a space suit in the event of an in-orbit rescue from the shuttle. McAuliffe learned to operate galley equipment, and even how to accomplish bathroom operations in outer space. Her flight apparel included shirts, shorts, underwear, socks, slipper socks, flight boots, gloves, pants, a jacket, coveralls, and a personal hygiene kit. Her supply kit contained a watch, flashlight, pressurized pens, pencils, sunglasses, scissors, a pocketknife, earplugs, and a mask for sleeping. She learned to operate a sleep restraint harness to prevent drifting about the cabin when resting. McAuliffe selected her own meals from an assortment of space food. For entertainment she brought six tape cassettes and a tape player. McAuliffe learned how to capture clear, sharp, detailed photographs from space with a personal camera. Like tourists everywhere, she planned to return with souvenir pictures of her trip.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9448559284210205, "source": "search", "title": "Christa McAuliffe - Encyclopedia.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "As the first teacher in space, McAuliffe prepared two in-flight lessons about outer space: \"The Ultimate Field Trip\" and \"Where We've Been, Where We're Going, Why,\" to be broadcast live from the orbiting space shuttle to U.S. school-children. Included among the shuttle cargo were three experiments prepared and donated by U.S. schoolchildren. There was an experiment to observe the effects of outer space on developing chicken embryos, another to study crystal growth, and a third to study grain formation and metal strength in a weightless environment. McAuliffe would also monitor an experiment in hydroponics (growing plants using only liquid nutrients, without soil).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.811237335205078, "source": "search", "title": "Christa McAuliffe - Encyclopedia.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.06192684173584, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes 72 seconds into its flight in 1986 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.139236450195312, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.74094295501709, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "The space shuttle Challenger explodes shortly after lifting off from Kennedy Space Center.  All seven crew members died in the explosion, which was blamed on faulty o-rings in the shuttle's booster rockets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.655938148498535, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "NASA shuttle", "passage": "The gleaming craft, one of four in the NASA shuttle fleet, had risen from Launch Pad 39-B at 11:38 a.m. after five postponements caused by freezing weather and technical glitches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2472505569458, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "On Jan. 28, 1986, millions of people watched with excitement when the Challenger space shuttle took off from its Florida launch pad -- but the excitement quickly turned into horror when it exploded just 73 seconds after liftoff, killing all 7 astronauts on board.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.740193367004395, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "The crew of the space shuttle Challenger. From left, first row: Michael J. Smith, Francis R. (Dick) Scobee and Ronald E. McNair. Second row, from left: Ellison S. Onizuka, Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis and Judith A. Resnik.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.608913421630859, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger explodes in 1986 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Space Shuttle Challenger Fast Facts - CNN.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.564596176147461, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Space Shuttle Challenger Fast Facts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.538919448852539, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Here's a look at what you need to know about the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.606657981872559, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "January 28, 1986 - The Space Shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds into flight at approximately 11:40 a.m. EST.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.552740097045898, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion 25th Anniversary; Remembering Christa McAuliffe and Astronauts - ABC News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.948554039001465, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion 25th Anniversary ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Remembering the Challenger: 25 Years Ago, Space Shuttle Exploded After Liftoff", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404132843017578, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion 25th Anniversary ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Just before noon on January 28, 1986, people watched with excitement as the space shuttle Challenger lifted off from its Florida launch pad -- but that excitement and hope soon turned into horror.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.765935897827148, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion 25th Anniversary ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Just two or three more space shuttle launches remain -- Discovery, which is scheduled to launch on Feb 24; and Endeavour, which is scheduled for April 19. A launch of Atlantis is timelined for June but is not yet funded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508376121520996, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion 25th Anniversary ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "1000+ images about Space Shuttle Challenger on Pinterest | Astronauts, Christa mcauliffe and Teaching", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.638697624206543, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger on Pinterest | Christa Mcauliffe ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Challenger Explosion Photograph courtesy NASA On January 28, 1986, about 76 seconds into its launch, fragments of space shuttle Challenger are seen tumbling against a background of fire, smoke, and vaporized propellants. The left solid rocket booster continues to fly, still thrusting. Later investigations found that faulty O-rings were to blame for the accident, in which all seven crew members died. It was the first such tragedy in shuttle history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.7625346183776855, "source": "search", "title": "Space Shuttle Challenger on Pinterest | Christa Mcauliffe ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "January 28th, 1986 at 11:39am EDT - The Space Shuttle Challenger Explodes on its 10th flight during mission STS-51-L. The explosion occurred 73 seconds after liftoff and was actually the result of rapid deceleration and not combustion of fuel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.89426326751709, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger Disaster Live on CNN - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "The 25th Space Shuttle mission altered the history of manned space exploration and represented the first loss of an American crew during a space mission (Apollo 1 was during a training exercise).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.378690719604492, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger Disaster Live on CNN - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Members of the Presidential Commission on the space shuttle Challenger accident walk past the solid rocket boosters and the external tank of a shuttle being fitted in the Vehicle Assembly building at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla. (AP) #", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.230005264282227, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger disaster: remembered - Photos - The Big Picture ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "Debris from the space shuttle Challenger is laid out on a giant grid at the Kennedy Space Center in this March 1986 NASA photo. NASA hoped to piece together the remains of the space vehicle. The photograph was part of the testimony given to the Presidential Commission on the space shuttle Challenger accident. (NASA) #", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.907036781311035, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger disaster: remembered - Photos - The Big Picture ..." }, { "answer": "Space Shuttle", "passage": "A wreath commemorating the seven astronauts who perished in the space shuttle Challenger accident rests in the Astronaut Memorial Tree Grove during the annual National Day of Remembrance ceremony at the Johnson Space Center on Thursday, Jan. 27, 2011, in Houston (AP/Houston Chronicle/Smiley N. Pool) #", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.515490531921387, "source": "search", "title": "Challenger disaster: remembered - Photos - The Big Picture ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Benazir Bhutto (; 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was the 11th and 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan, serving two non-consecutive terms in 1988–90 and then 1993–96. A scion of the politically powerful Bhutto family, she was the eldest daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, a former prime minister who founded the centre-left Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). She was the first woman democratically elected as head of a majority Islamic nation. ", "precise_score": 5.5349555015563965, "rough_score": 7.40300178527832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Zulfikar Bhutto", "passage": "After General Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq seized power in Pakistan in a military coup in 1977, Zulfikar Bhutto was tried and executed on the charge of having ordered an assassination in 1974. Benazir Bhutto endured frequent house arrests during the next seven years. In 1984, she fled to England, where she became head of her father’s former party, the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP).", "precise_score": 4.864321708679199, "rough_score": 8.478665351867676, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto elected leader of Pakistan - Nov 16, 1988 ..." }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Despite an international outcry, General Zia's government hanged Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on April 4, 1979. Benazir, her brother, and her mother were in prison at the time, and were not allowed to prepare the former prime minister's body for burial in accordance with Islamic law.", "precise_score": 3.403870105743408, "rough_score": 7.590023994445801, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto - Former Prime Minister of Pakistan" }, { "answer": "ZA Bhutto", "passage": "Tragedy struck the Bhuttos once more on September 20, 1996, when Karachi police shot dead Benazir's surviving brother, Mir Ghulam Murtaza Bhutto. Murtaza had not gotten along well with Benazir's husband, which sparked conspiracy theories about his assassination. Even Benazir Bhutto's own mother accused the prime minister and her husband of causing Murtaza's death.", "precise_score": 3.5963754653930664, "rough_score": 6.525537967681885, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto - Former Prime Minister of Pakistan" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Pakistani politician, the first woman leader of the Islamic world. She was the daughter of Ali Bhutto who ruled Pakistan in the '70s. Her dad was overthrown by General Zia in 1977 and executed two years later. The young woman was educated in Harvard and Oxford before entering politics in 1988 while carrying her first child (of three). Her son Bilawal was born 9/21/1988 and she won the national elections on 11/16/1988, taking the oath of office as P.M. on December 2nd, at age 35.", "precise_score": 4.002767562866211, "rough_score": 7.731828212738037, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto, horoscope for birth date 21 June 1953 ..." }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": " She was the eldest child of Sindhi Rajput Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.205902099609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Bhutto's father, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, was removed from office in a 1977 military coup led by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the Chief of Army Staff. Zia imposed martial law and promised to hold elections within three months. But instead Zia charged Zulfikar with conspiring to murder the father of dissident politician Ahmed Raza Kasuri. Zulfikar's family opposed Zia's imposition of ultra-conservative military dictatorship, despite the consequences to themselves drawn by their opposition. Benazir Bhutto and her brother Murtaza spent the next eighteen months in and out of house arrest while she worked to rally political support and attempted to pressure Zia to drop the murder charges against her father.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.488584995269775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "On behalf of Bhutto's former law minister Abdul Hafeez Pirzada and Fakhruddin Abrahim, the Bhutto family filed a petition at the Chief Martial Law Administrator Office asking reconsideration of Zulfikar Bhutto's sentence as well as the release of his friend Mubashir Hassan. General Zia said he misplaced the petition. Although the murder accusation remained \"widely doubted by the public\", and many foreign leaders appealed for clemency, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was condemned, then hanged 4 April 1979 under the effective orders of Supreme Court of Pakistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4021376371383667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "In 1990 Benazir declined to allot funds to any military-science projects that would be placed under Lieutenant-General Zahid Ali Akbar, despite Akbar's being known to have been close to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. In 1990 she forced Akbar to resign from active duty, and as director-general of Army Technological Research Laboratories (ATRL); she replaced him with Lieutenant-General Talat Masood as E-in-C of ATRL as well as director of all military projects.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.583700180053711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "It was during her régime that the Pressler amendment came into effect, an attempt to freeze the programme. During frequent trips to the United States, Bhutto refused to compromise on the nuclear weapons programme, and attacked the Indian nuclear programme on multiple occasions. Benazir Bhutto misled the U.S. when she told them that the programme had been frozen; the programme was progressively modernized and continued under her watch. Under her regime, the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) conducted series of improvised designs of nuclear weapons designed by the Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) at PAEC. Benazir Bhutto also carried messages to Munir Ahmad Khan from her father and back in 1979 as her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, had instructed his daughter to remain in touch with the Chairman of PAEC.Munir Ahmad Khan, technical director of Pakistan's integrated weapons programme and former Chairman of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), \"She was the eldest child of former prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto\", 1999. In this context, Bhutto had appointed Munir Ahmad Khan as her Science Adviser, and he kept her informed about the development of the programme. In all, the nuclear weapons and energy program remained a top priority, along with the country's economy. During her first term, the nuclear program was under attack and under pressure from the Western world, particularly the United States. Despite economic aid offered by the European Union and the United States in return for halting or freezing the program, Benazir continued the program in both her first and second terms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5720324516296387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "ZA Bhutto", "passage": "In 1996, the Bhutto family suffered another tragedy in Sindh Province, Benazir Bhutto's stronghold and political rival. Murtaza Bhutto, Benazir's younger brother, was controversially and publicly shot down in a police encounter in Karachi. Since 1989, Murtaza and Benazir had a series of disagreements regarding the PPP's policies and Murtaza's opposition towards Benazir's operations against the Urdu-speaking class. Murtaza also developed serious disagreement with Benazir's husband, Zardari, and unsuccessfully attempted to remove his influence in the government. Benazir and Murtaza's mother, Nusrat, sided with Murtaza which also dismayed the daughter. In a controversial interview, Benazir declared that Pakistan only needed one Bhutto, not two, though she denied giving or passing any comments. Her younger brother increasingly made it difficult for her to run the government after he raised voices against Benazir's alleged corruption. Alone in Sindh, Benazir lost the support of the province to her younger brother. At the political campaign, Murtaza demanded party elections inside the PPP, which according to Zardari, Benazir would have lost due to Nusrat backing Murtaza and many workers inside the party being willing to see Murtaza as the country's Prime minister as well as the chair of the party. More problems arose when Abdullah Shah Lakiyari, Chief Minister of Sindh, and allegedly her spouse created disturbances in Murtaza's political campaign. On 20 September 1996, in a controversial police encounter, Murtaza Bhutto was shot dead near his residence along with six other party activists. As the news reached all of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto hurriedly returned to Karachi, and an emergency was proclaimed in the entire province. Benazir Bhutto's limo was stoned by angered PPP members when she tried to visit Murtaza's funeral ceremonies. Her brother's death had crushed their mother, and she was immediately admitted to the local hospital after learning that her son had been killed. At Murtaza's funeral, Nusrat accused Benazir and Zardari of being responsible, and vowed to pursue prosecution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.581667184829712, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "The defence cooperation between North Korea and Pakistan started sometime in 1994 and the country led by Benazir Bhutto and her personal role had a much deeper and more controversial role in North Korea's nuclear programme. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had lasting friendship with Kim Il-sung— founder of the North Korean communist state. In a state visit paid by Benazir Bhutto in 1994, Benazir Bhutto closed the deal with the transfer of North Korean missile technology in return of nuclear technology, an allegation Benazir Bhutto had strongly dismissed. According to Zahid Hussain, author of \"Frontline Pakistan\", there was a huge respect for Benazir Bhutto in the North Korean military, and they persuaded Bhutto to go and meet with Kim Jong-il.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.403573989868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Zulfikar Bhutto", "passage": "In recent declassified and undated papers released by Wikileaks in 2011, Bhutto falsely assured the American diplomats that she was against conducting nuclear tests, as the similar assurances given by Nawaz Sharif to American diplomats. But it later turns out that Bhutto did not keep to that commitment and made another public calls for Pakistan to conduct tests in reply to Indian nuclear tests (see Pokhran-II). Bhutto justified that the \"eat grass\" statements – frequently used by her father Zulfikar Bhutto and rival Nawaz Sharif – have been used to assure people of Pakistan that austerity measures would be adopted but national security would not be compromised. In an undated leaks, Bhutto was sought by the American diplomats multiple times to soften her stance and support for nuclear tests, and cautioned Bhutto that her reaction to India's tests had been criticized in the West media. At that meeting, Bhutto and her party's elite officials notified the senior U.S. diplomats that \"PPP publicly state that the issue of tests was too important to be used as a \"political football\". While talking to an unnamed American diplomat, Bhutto said that: \"The time for the test had passed and it would have a disastrous impact on Pakistan's national economy and an international reputation. She maintained and famously quoted: \"I cannot say these things publicly, but neither will I call for a (nuclear) detonation\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.163164138793945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "In Pakistan, citizens vote in their first open election in more than a decade, choosing as prime minister the populist candidate Benazir Bhutto, daughter of former Pakistani leader Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. She was the first woman leader of a Muslim country in modern history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.345618486404419, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto elected leader of Pakistan - Nov 16, 1988 ..." }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": ". She was groomed for political office from the age of 9 by her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.695225954055786, "source": "search", "title": "BENAZIR BHUTTO - Mount Holyoke College" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Like the Nehru-Gandhi family in India, the Bhuttos of Pakistan are one of the world's most famous political dynasties. Benazir's father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, was prime minister of Pakistan in the early 1970s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8495097160339355, "source": "search", "title": "BBC NEWS | South Asia | Obituary: Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Benazir Bhutto was born on June 21, 1953 in Karachi, Pakistan, the first child of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Begum Nusrat Ispahani. Nusrat was from Iran , and practiced Shi'a Islam , while her husband (and most other Pakistanis) practiced Sunni Islam . They raised Benazir and their other children as Sunnis, but in an open-minded and non-doctrinaire fashion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0835790634155273, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto - Former Prime Minister of Pakistan" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Four years into Benazir's studies in England, the Pakistani military overthrew her father's government in a coup. The coup leader, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, imposed martial law on Pakistan and had Zulfikar Ali Bhutto arrested on trumped-up conspiracy charges. Benazir returned home, where she and her brother Murtaza worked for 18 months to rally public opinion in support of their jailed father. The Supreme Court of Pakistan, meanwhile, convicted Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of conspiracy to commit murder, and sentenced him to death by hanging.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.351454734802246, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto - Former Prime Minister of Pakistan" }, { "answer": "ZA Bhutto", "passage": "In 1997, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was dismissed from office once more, this time by President Leghari, whom she had supported. Again, she was charged with corruption; her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, was also implicated. Leghari reportedly believed that the couple were implicated in Murtaza Bhutto's assassination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.540469169616699, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto - Former Prime Minister of Pakistan" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Bhutto was the daughter of the politician Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , who was the leader of Pakistan from 1971 until 1977. She was educated at Harvard University (B.A., 1973) and subsequently studied philosophy, political science, and economics at the University of Oxford (B.A., 1977).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.600733518600464, "source": "search", "title": "Benazir Bhutto | prime minister of Pakistan | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Like the Nehru-Gandhi family in India, the Bhuttos of Pakistan are one of the world's most famous political dynasties. Benazir's father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, was prime minister of Pakistan in the early 1970s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8495097160339355, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News Online | Obituary: Benazir Bhutto" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Benazir Bhutto was twice prime minister of the Islamic state of Pakistan. She was groomed for political office from the age of 9 by her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.270608901977539, "source": "search", "title": "Viewpoint: My struggle to be Prime Minister - BBC NEWS" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "In fact Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was a world-class leader and is still considered as a true legend in Pakistani politics. Benazir had her chance to prove her leadership but she could not carry on the legacy of her father.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.7299880981445312, "source": "search", "title": "Viewpoint: My struggle to be Prime Minister - BBC NEWS" }, { "answer": "Ali Bhutto", "passage": "Benazir Bhutto was born to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Begum Nusrat Ispahani. She was the eldest of the four siblings. Her father was the former prime minister of Pakistan. As such, since young, she was exposed to political ideas and policies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.890640735626221, "source": "search", "title": "About Benazir Bhutto" } ]

[ { "answer": "Guillotine", "passage": "Robert Badinter, the French Minister of Justice between 1981 and 1986, led the battle to abolish the death penalty in France. He became a militant abolitionist after watching one of his clients unjustly guillotined in 1972. Over the next decade, he fought the death penalty in the courts and saved six men from the guillotine. After the election of François Mitterrand in 1981, Badinter was named Minister of Justice and pushed through the legislation that abolished the death penalty.", "precise_score": 4.406694412231445, "rough_score": 6.834015846252441, "source": "search", "title": "Abolition: One Man's Battle Against the Death Penalty ..." }, { "answer": "Guillotine", "passage": "Trends in most of the world have long been to move to less painful, or more humane, executions. France developed the guillotine for this reason in the final years of the 18th century, while Britain banned drawing and quartering in the early 19th century. Hanging by turning the victim off a ladder or by kicking a stool or a bucket, which causes death by suffocation, was replaced by long drop \"hanging\" where the subject is dropped a longer distance to dislocate the neck and sever the spinal cord. The Shah of Persia introduced throat-cutting and blowing from a gun as quick and painless alternatives to more torturous methods of executions used at that time. In the U.S., the electric chair and the gas chamber were introduced as more humane alternatives to hanging, but have been almost entirely superseded by lethal injection. A small number of countries still employ slow hanging methods and stoning.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.352351188659668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Capital punishment" }, { "answer": "Guillotine", "passage": "Abolitionists believe capital punishment is the worst violation of human rights, because the right to life is the most important, and capital punishment violates it without necessity and inflicts to the condemned a psychological torture. Human rights activists oppose the death penalty, calling it \"cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment\". Amnesty International considers it to be \"the ultimate irreversible denial of Human Rights\". Albert Camus wrote in a 1956 book called Reflections on the Guillotine, Resistance, Rebellion & Death:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.411890983581543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Capital punishment" } ]

[ { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "url][http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id54970] One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and literally means \"the Constitution of the republic of Iceland\", but note that \"republic\" is not capitalized. The official title of the President of Iceland (Forseti Íslands) does also not include the word republic as in some other republics. See Names for Iceland. is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "precise_score": -11.064848899841309, "rough_score": -10.599053382873535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "The 1970s were marked by the Cod Wars — several disputes with the United Kingdom over Iceland's extension of its fishing limits to 200 miles offshore. Iceland hosted a summit in Reykjavík in 1986 between United States President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev, during which they took significant steps toward nuclear disarmament. A few years later, Iceland became the first country to recognize the independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania as they broke away from the USSR. Throughout the 1990s, the country expanded its international role and developed a foreign policy oriented toward humanitarian and peacekeeping causes. To that end, Iceland provided aid and expertise to various NATO-led interventions in Bosnia, Kosovo, and Iraq. ", "precise_score": 2.6002213954925537, "rough_score": 3.9320554733276367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "Many fjords punctuate Iceland's 4,970-kilometre (3,088-mile) long coastline, which is also where most settlements are situated. The island's interior, the Highlands of Iceland, is a cold and uninhabitable combination of sand, mountains and lava fields. The major towns are the capital city of Reykjavík, along with its outlying towns of Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður and Garðabær, nearby Reykjanesbær where the international airport is located, and the town of Akureyri in northern Iceland. The island of Grímsey on the Arctic Circle contains the northernmost habitation of Iceland, whereas Kolbeinsey contains the northernmost point of Iceland. Iceland has three national parks: Vatnajökull National Park, Snæfellsjökull National Park, and Þingvellir National Park. The country is considered a \"strong performer\" in environmental protection, having been ranked 13th in Yale University's Environmental Performance Index of 2012. ", "precise_score": -10.890982627868652, "rough_score": -10.04145336151123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "Icelanders remain especially proud of their role in hosting the historic 1986 Reagan–Gorbachev summit in Reykjavík, which set the stage for the end of the Cold War. Iceland's principal historical international disputes involved disagreements over fishing rights. Conflict with the United Kingdom led to a series of so-called Cod Wars in 1952–1956 due to the extension of Iceland's fishing zone from , 1958–1961 following a further extension to , 1972–1973 with another extension to ; and in 1975–1976 another extension to .", "precise_score": 3.156345844268799, "rough_score": 4.715282917022705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "The southwest corner of Iceland is the most densely populated region. It is also the location of the capital Reykjavík, the northernmost national capital in the world. The largest towns outside the Greater Reykjavík area are Akureyri and Reykjanesbær, although the latter is relatively close to the capital.", "precise_score": -10.856840133666992, "rough_score": -9.784969329833984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework - Reykjavik Summit,", "precise_score": -10.00617790222168, "rough_score": -10.639409065246582, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework ..." }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework Reykjavik Summit The Reykjavík Summit was a summit meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, held in Reykjavík, the capital city of Iceland, on October 11–12, 1986. The talks collapsed at the last minute, but the progress that had been achieved eventually resulted in the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union. At Reykjavík, Reagan sought to include discussion of human rights, emigration of Soviet Jews and dissidents, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. However, Gorbachev sought to limit the talks solely to arms control. The Soviets also proposed to eliminate 50% of all strategic arms, including ICBMs, and agreed not to include British or French weapons in the count. All this was proposed in exchange for an American pledge not to implement strategic defenses for the next ten years, in accordance with SALT I. The Americans countered with a proposal to eliminate all ballistic missiles within ten years, but required the right to deploy strategic defenses against remaining threats afterwards.", "precise_score": 7.572309494018555, "rough_score": 6.86039400100708, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework ..." }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Explore Hofdi House in northern Reykjavik, where the important summit between President Ronald Reagan and Secretary General Mikhail Gorbachev took place in 1986. You will also visit Hallgrimskirkja (the largest church in Iceland and one of its tallest structures), the University of Iceland area and the old town center, where the Icelandic parliament Althingi and the town hall are situated.", "precise_score": 6.895817756652832, "rough_score": 5.849671840667725, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Late 1986 brought America a host of new social ills: the crack epidemic, a surge in homelessness, and AIDS. The Reykjavik Summit between Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev was dubbed a disaster and the Iran-Contra scandal was beginning to flare up. Through it all, President Reagan was becoming increasingly remote, prompting critics to wonder if the 75-year-old president's mind was slipping a few gears.", "precise_score": 5.10999059677124, "rough_score": 4.299896240234375, "source": "search", "title": "\"Reagan Allowed Himself to Imagine a World Without The ..." }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Thomas Mallon:  Most of it takes place in late 1986 which is probably Ronald Reagan's low point as president.  Everything seems to be going wrong.  There's this host of new social ills that the administration doesn't seem well equipped to deal with from AIDs to crack to homelessness.  The Democrats are about to take the Senate.  The Reykjavik Summit which in the fullness of time looks pretty good at the time was really perceived as fiasco.", "precise_score": -2.5074219703674316, "rough_score": -5.030174732208252, "source": "search", "title": "\"Reagan Allowed Himself to Imagine a World Without The ..." }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "Weaving our ways through narrow alleys framed with old timber houses, we learn about the life of the Icelandic capital from its very beginning to the present day. We pass Hallgrimskirkja-Church and enjoy a photo stop at Höfði house, where the Reagan/Gorbachev summit meeting took place in 1986. From the City Hall we take a walk through the city center to the street where the first settler built his house. We go to an exhibition showing us the change of Reykjavík during the last 200 years. Next to the Parliament and Lutheran cathedral we pass the sculpture of Skúli Magnússon, the founder of Reykjavík and Jón Sigurðsson, Iceland’s real independence hero.", "precise_score": 5.318821430206299, "rough_score": 5.2932257652282715, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "The Norwegian-Norse chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson built his homestead in present-day Reykjavík in the year 874. Ingólfr was followed by many other emigrant settlers, largely Scandinavians and their thralls, many of whom were Irish or Scottish. By 930, most arable land on the island had been claimed; the Althing, a legislative and judicial assembly, was initiated to regulate the Icelandic Commonwealth. Lack of arable land also served impetus to the settlement of Greenland starting in 986. The period of these early settlements coincided with the Medieval Warm Period, when temperatures were similar to those of the early 20th century. At this time, about 25% of Iceland was covered with forest, compared to 1% in the present day. Christianity was adopted by consensus around 999–1000, although Norse paganism persisted among some segments of the population for some years afterwards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.197249412536621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "The highest air temperature recorded was on 22 June 1939 at Teigarhorn on the southeastern coast. The lowest was on 22 January 1918 at Grímsstaðir and Möðrudalur in the northeastern hinterland. The temperature records for Reykjavík are on 30 July 2008, and on 21 January 1918.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256202697753906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "* Reykjavík North and Reykjavík South (city regions);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.156826972961426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "* Southwest (four non-contiguous suburban areas around Reykjavík);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1154146194458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "* South (southern half of Iceland, excluding Reykjavík and suburbs).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.243276596069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík City", "passage": "The redistricting change was made in order to balance the weight of different districts of the country, since previously a vote cast in the sparsely populated areas around the country would count much more than a vote cast in the Reykjavík city area. The imbalance between districts has been reduced by the new system, but still exists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.182050704956055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "There are 74 municipalities in Iceland which govern local matters like schools, transport and zoning. These are the actual second-level subdivisions of Iceland, as the constituencies have no relevance except in elections and for statistical purposes. Reykjavík is by far the most populous municipality, about four times more populous than Kópavogur, the second one.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.387166023254395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, including software production, biotechnology, and finance; industry accounts for around a quarter of economic activity, while services comprise close to 70%. Despite the decision to resume commercial whale hunting in 2006, the tourism sector is expanding, especially in ecotourism and whale-watching. On average, Iceland receives around 1.1 million visitors annually, which is more than three times the native population. Iceland's agriculture industry, accounting for 5.4% of GDP, consists mainly of potatoes, green vegetables (in greenhouses), mutton and dairy products. The financial centre is Borgartún in Reykjavík, which hosts a large number of companies and three investment banks. Iceland's stock market, the Iceland Stock Exchange (ISE), was established in 1985. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.260802268981934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "The main hub for international transport is Keflavík International Airport, which serves Reykjavík and the country in general. It is to the west of Reykjavík. Domestic flights, flights to Greenland and the Faroe Islands, and business flights operate mostly out of Reykjavík Airport, which lies in the city centre. Most general aviation traffic is also in Reykjavík. There are 103 registered airports and airfields in Iceland; most of them are unpaved and located in rural areas. The biggest airport in Iceland is Keflavík International Airport and the biggest airfield is Geitamelur, a four-runway field around east of Reykjavík, dedicated exclusively to gliding. There are a number of international airlines that fly to and from Iceland regularly. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037281036376953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "Upper secondary education, or framhaldsskóli, follows lower secondary education. These schools are also known as gymnasia in English. Though not compulsory, everyone who has had a compulsory education has the right to upper secondary education. This stage of education is governed by the Upper Secondary School Act of 1996. All schools in Iceland are mixed sex schools. The largest seat of higher education is the University of Iceland, which has its main campus in central Reykjavík. Other schools offering university-level instruction include Reykjavík University, University of Akureyri, Agricultural University of Iceland and Bifröst University.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289459228515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "In the recent years artistic practice has multiplied, and the Icelandic art scene has become a setting for many large scale projects and exhibitions. The artist run gallery space Kling og Bang, members of which later ran the studio complex and exhibition venue Klink og Bank, has been a significant part of the trend of self-organised spaces, exhibitions and projects. The Living Art Museum, Reykjavík Municipal Art Museum, Reykjavík Art Museum and the National Gallery of Iceland are the larger, more established institutions, curating shows and festivals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.931090354919434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "Some Icelandic jazz musicians and jazz bands have earned a reputation outside Iceland. Perhaps best known is the jazz fusion band Mezzoforte and Los Angeles-based jazz vocalist Anna Mjöll. Many Icelandic artists and bands have enjoyed international success, most notably Björk and Sigur Rós but also Quarashi, Hera, Ampop, Mínus and múm. The main music festival is arguably Iceland Airwaves, an annual event on the Icelandic music scene, where Icelandic bands along with foreign ones play in the clubs of Reykjavík for a week. Electronic musicians include ones such as Thor and GusGus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13176441192627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "CCP Games, developers of the critically acclaimed EVE Online and Dust 514, is headquartered in Reykjavík. CCP Games hosts the third most populated MMO in the world, which also has the largest total game area for an online game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.171037673950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "The oldest sport association in Iceland is the Reykjavík Shooting Association, founded in 1867. Rifle shooting became very popular in the 19th century with the encouragement of politicians and nationalists who were pushing for Icelandic independence. To this day, it remains a significant pastime. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.077048301696777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "Iceland has also produced many chess masters and hosted the historic World Chess Championship 1972 in Reykjavík during the height of the Cold War. , there have been nine Icelandic chess grandmasters, a considerable number given the small size of the population. Bridge is also popular, with Iceland participating in a number of international tournaments. Iceland won the world bridge championship (the Bermuda Bowl) in Yokohama, Japan, in 1991 and took second place (with Sweden) in Hamilton, Bermuda, in 1950.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.109885215759277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iceland" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869890213012695, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework ..." }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework -...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.865251541137695, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework ..." }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49804973602295, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404581069946289, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "See all of Reykjavik's landmarks on this comprehensive 2.5-hour tour. Great for travelers with just a short time to spend, this guided excursion hits all of the city's important highlights. Visit the Hafnarfjordur fish market, the presidential residence at Bessastadir, the Arbaer Museum and Hallgrimskirkja. Enjoy engaging commentary from your local guide and round-trip transportation from your hotel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99459457397461, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "2.5-hour Reykjavik city sightseeing tour", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.098382949829102, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Pickup from central Reykjavik hotels", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410322189331055, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Reykjavik tour - presidents ... ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351398468017578, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Rekjavik", "passage": "Beautiful scenery at every stop - this sculpture in Rekjavik harbour look different everytime we saw it!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.503105163574219, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Reykjavik City from The Church", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.070327758789062, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Hallgrimskirkja church, Reykjavik Iceland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334171295166016, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Following pickup at your Reykjavik hotel, board a climate-controlled vehicle to start your comprehensive tour of the city. Listen to engaging commentary about the history and culture of Iceland's capital city while making stops at the following landmarks:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.822127342224121, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Stop by the Perlan building, which was built on water tanks that hold the city's hot water supply. Here you can enjoy the spectacular view over Reykjavik and its surroundings from Perlan’s top-floor revolving restaurant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1674165725708, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "At the conclusion of your 2.5-hour tour, enjoy drop-off back at your Reykjavik hotel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.406131744384766, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Sightseeing Tour - Reykjavik | Viator" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Thanks to our extensive network of trusted suppliers, we can accommodate travelers of all needs and interests according to location, group size and budget. Our hand-picked selection of accommodations in Reykjavik includes everything from hostel rooms with shared facilities to well-appointed rooms with en suite bathrooms in the city‘s best hotels. For this package, we have included the following accommdations that we consider to be the best value in Reykjavik.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402356147766113, "source": "search", "title": "Reykjavik Classic - Iceland Guest" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "This trip includes many of the country’s main highlights; The Blue Lagoon, Reykjavik, Thingvellir, Hraunfossar, Barnafoss, Gulfoss and others – and also gives you a glimpse into real life in Iceland. An original itinerary. Please ask about affordable flights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.185676574707031, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "The Blue Lagoon is one of Iceland’s most popular attractions, a natural geothermal pool in the middle of a large and dramatic lava field and an oasis that owes its existence to a nearby geothermal power plant, looming large over the aqua tinted waters. We stop for 1 ½ hours, so there’s plenty of time for a refreshing bathe or a swim in the inviting, rejuvenating and pleasantly warm mineral-rich water (36°C-38°C/100-110°F), reputed for its healing properties. An indoor pool and geothermal sauna are also on the site. Bathing in this surreal environment is a unique experience no one should miss. The Blue Lagoon’s warm water and natural active ingredients like mineral salts, silica and blue green algae help you relax and escape the stress and strain of daily life. From the Blue Lagoon it takes about 45 minutes passing lava landscape and several suburbs before reaching Reykjavík, the northern most Capital city in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.105284690856934, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "DAY 2 - Reykjavík and Árbæjarsafn", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398921966552734, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "Drive to the harbour where we find a large fleet of whale watching and fishing boats in all sizes. We drive past the Catholic Church and enjoy then the panoramic view over Reykjavik, the fjord and mountains from the balcony at the Pearl. We head to the outskirts of Reykjavík with a different view over Breiðholt and the capital city. We visit Árbæjar Open Air Folk Museum, with a collection of historical buildings and a turf chapel from the 18th century and many historical buildings from all over the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.84911823272705, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "Further on we reach the geothermal outdoor swimming pool in Laugardalur to learn what Icelanders are doing with the warm water from the hot springs. This is the recreational area of the city, with most sport facilities, the botanical garden, the farm animal zoo and Family Park. Last but not least we drive past the sculpture museum and garden of Ásmundur Sveinsson. (The routing of this city sightseeing tour is subject to change). After noon free to enjoy Reykjavík on your own.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29055404663086, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "DAY 7 - Kjölur highland road, Hveravellir, Gullfoss, Geysir, and Reykjavík", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36573600769043, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "•   Pick up at Reykjavik’s main airport, followed by a guided day tour of Reykjanes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379881858825684, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavik", "passage": "•   Daily breakfast and 5 dinners (including a welcome dinner in Reykjavik and breakfast on arrival)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472013473510742, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík City", "passage": "•   Half day guided Reykjavík city tour", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173247337341309, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "•   Transfer to Reykjavík- Keflavík Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.558204650878906, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" }, { "answer": "Reykjavík", "passage": "○ Árbæjarsafn, open air historical museum of Reykjavík", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.283520698547363, "source": "search", "title": "Exclusive Iceland Adventure | The Travel Society" } ]

[ { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Tab was Coca-Cola's first attempt to develop a diet soft drink, using saccharin as a sugar substitute. Introduced in 1963, the product is still sold today, although its sales have dwindled since the introduction of Diet Coke. The Tab soft drink is difficult to locate in recent times, due to its de facto replacement by Diet Coke.", "precise_score": 0.9948090314865112, "rough_score": -1.804507851600647, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft drink in most countries, and was recognized as the number one global brand in 2010. While the Middle East is one of the only regions in the world where Coca-Cola is not the number one soda drink, Coca-Cola nonetheless holds almost 25% marketshare (to Pepsi's 75%) and had double-digit growth in 2003. Similarly, in Scotland, where the locally produced Irn-Bru was once more popular, 2005 figures show that both Coca-Cola and Diet Coke now outsell Irn-Bru. In Peru, the native Inca Kola has been more popular than Coca-Cola, which prompted Coca-Cola to enter in negotiations with the soft drink's company and buy 50% of its stakes. In Japan, the best selling soft drink is not cola, as (canned) tea and coffee are more popular. As such, The Coca-Cola Company's best selling brand there is not Coca-Cola, but Georgia. ", "precise_score": -0.4985523223876953, "rough_score": 0.7318423390388489, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "The Extraordinary Story of How Diet Coke Came to Be: The Coca-Cola Company", "precise_score": -0.4754370152950287, "rough_score": -2.958157777786255, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "By the end of 1983, Diet Coke was the No. 1 diet soft drink in the U.S. and the top soft drink brand among women. At the end of 1984, Diet Coke displaced 7UP as the No. 3 soft drink in the U.S. behind", "precise_score": 0.23219993710517883, "rough_score": -1.1274735927581787, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "History of Coca-Cola | The debut of Diet Coke | Coca-Cola GB", "precise_score": 1.3103305101394653, "rough_score": -3.030738115310669, "source": "search", "title": "History of Coca-Cola | The debut of Diet Coke | Coca-Cola GB" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Among his bold moves was organising the numerous US bottling operations into a new public company, Coca‑Cola Enterprises Inc. He also led the introduction of  Diet Coke , the very first extension of the Coca‑Cola trademark. Within two years, it had become the top low-calorie drink in the world, second in success only to Coca‑Cola.", "precise_score": 2.327998161315918, "rough_score": -0.13348540663719177, "source": "search", "title": "History of Coca-Cola | The debut of Diet Coke | Coca-Cola GB" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "In 1945, the company patented the popular name Coke, and by 1950, they sold fifty million bottles per day! In 1982, the company introduced Diet Coke, which soon became the best-selling beverage in the world. However, archrival Pepsi Cola came up tremendously, and in 1984 the market was almost equally divided between them.", "precise_score": 5.891201972961426, "rough_score": 7.609669208526611, "source": "search", "title": "COCA COLA is world famous, but how did it start" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "More and more people are choosing low-calorie foods and beverages as a way to balance caloric intake with physical activity. The Coca-Cola Company has a successful track-record of product innovation in the low-calorie beverage category, with the introduction of Tab® in 1963 and Diet Coke® in 1982. By 1986, Diet Coke became the world’s top-selling diet cola and continues to uphold that title today. Diet Coke’s success led to the introduction of many flavor extensions, such as Diet Coke with Lemon, Diet Vanilla Coke, Diet Cherry Coke, Diet Coke with Lime and most recently, Diet Coke with Splenda. Recognizing that some consumers want a no-calorie beverage with the distinctive taste of the original Coca-Cola brand, Coca-Cola Zero was introduced in 2005. Created to appeal to young adults, the launch of Coca-Cola Zero was one of the most successful launches in The Coca-Cola Company’s history. The beverage is now available in more than 140 countries.", "precise_score": 7.244355201721191, "rough_score": 5.304503440856934, "source": "search", "title": "Coca-Cola Beverages & Products World of Coca-Cola" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Diet Coke was officially introduced to the world at Radio City, NYC in 1982 with the Rockette dancers. It launched in Australia one year later. By the end of 1986 it became the world’s top low kilojoule drink.", "precise_score": 4.281436920166016, "rough_score": 3.375305652618408, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Sweetened with a blend of sugar and naturally-sourced stevia leaf extract, a 330ml can of Coca-Cola Life contains 89 calories and features striking green branding that will join Coca-ColaTM, Diet CokeTM, and Coca-Cola ZeroTM on shelves from September. Coca-Cola Life is the first new Coca-Cola to be launched in GB since the arrival of Coca-Cola Zero in 2006.", "precise_score": -0.6637924313545227, "rough_score": -3.023428201675415, "source": "search", "title": "News & Events - Coca-Cola Enterprises" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Coca-Cola is a public signatory to the Government’s Responsibility Deal and has committed to reduce the average calories per litre in its range of sparkling drinks by 5% by the end of 2014. More than 40% of the cola sold by CCE in GB is already no-calorie and the launch of Coca-Cola Life gives consumers even greater choice within the portfolio: Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Life with a third fewer calories and two zero-calorie options in Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke.", "precise_score": -1.0585746765136719, "rough_score": 0.04757023602724075, "source": "search", "title": "News & Events - Coca-Cola Enterprises" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "In 2004, perhaps in response to the burgeoning popularity of low-carbohydrate diets such as the Atkins diet, Coca-Cola announced its intention to develop and sell a low-carbohydrate alternative to Coke Classic, dubbed C2 Cola. C2 contains a mix of high fructose corn syrup, aspartame, sucralose, and Acesulfame potassium. C2 is designed to more closely emulate the taste of Coca-Cola Classic. Even with less than half of the food energy and carbohydrates of standard soft drinks, C2 is not a replacement for zero-calorie soft drinks such as Diet Coke. C2 went on sale in the U.S. on June 11, 2004, and in Canada in August 2004. C2's future is uncertain due to disappointing sales.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.324151515960693, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "In November 2011, Coca-Cola revealed a seasonal design for their regular Coke cans as part of a partnership with the World Wildlife Fund. However it was withdrawn only a month after release due to consumer complaints about the similar look to the silver cans commonly used for Diet Coke. There were also complaints about deviating from traditional red as the color of Coca-Cola cans previously. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.501687526702881, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Members of the Diet Coke team beneath the Radio City Music Hall marquee before the filming of the brand’s debut TV commercial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.2037992477417, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Diet Coke was pegged a top priority. The project was strictly top secret; only a handful of senior executives knew about it, and team members had to agree to the assignment before getting the details.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911746978759766, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Goizueta green-lighted the Diet Coke project, which shifted quickly from planning to implementation. “This was a difficult decision because there were two big risks,” Carew said. “TaB was the moneymaker at the time, so if Diet Coke turned out to be a disappointment, the company would seriously complicate its future. Second, if senior leadership said no to Diet Coke, then we likely would have lost cola position.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.138633728027344, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Despite concern that Diet Coke would cannibalize TaB – which was the No. 1 diet soft drink brand in the U.S. at the time – and erode the long-term health of the", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.686164855957031, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Colas accounted for 60 percent of all soft drink sales in the U.S. back then, but diets were growing three times faster than the rest of the category. Diet Coke was seen as the right product for the right time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.260395050048828, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "“We said Diet Coke would be more accretive to", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96031665802002, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "brand value, because we would source volume from the competition versus the Coke franchise,” said Pat Garner, who joined the Diet Coke team with 10 years of bottler and field marketing experience. “And we were right.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.542798042297363, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Diet Coke was the most straightforward articulation of the promise of the brand. “It just seemed like the logical answer,” said John Farrell, who joined the team from Corporate Finance. “The equity of the", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.397272109985352, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "For many years, the brand name was written and marketed as diet Coke – with a lowercase “d” – to reinforce the positioning of the product. Coke’s trademark lawyers wouldn’t allow the uppercase “D.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.637608528137207, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "As the positioning began to come together, Farrell built a financial model to demonstrate the link between the brand’s marketing activities and bottler revenue. The plan motivated the system and turned bottlers into full-fledged Diet Coke enthusiasts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.952629089355469, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "As Farrell explains it, “The economics of Diet Coke were so unbelievably simple because it didn’t have any sugar. When you remove the second-highest cost item after aluminum cans, you can make the numbers trend pretty well. Diet Coke gave us dramatically accelerated growth in a growing category with a very high-margin structure.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.843013763427734, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "USA the confidence to invest in marketing the brand. Steve Norcia, a former executive at the McCann Erickson ad agency, and his team at SSC&B – a division of Interpublic – crafted the ad campaign that would introduce and sustain Diet Coke in its first year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.111666679382324, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "According to Farrell, the resulting “Just for the Taste of It” tagline “communicated everything anyone needed to know about the physical product.” This vision drove Team Diet Coke’s decision-making on everything from packaging graphics, to in-store merchandising, to billboards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.977051734924316, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Diet Coke existed only on paper for months, but mock-ups of the initial packaging graphics gave the brand a visual identity. The team built a makeshift grocery aisle inside an abandoned syrup plant next to company headquarters to see how the designs would look on the shelf alongside other brands. Paper graphics were taped to empty cans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.694587707519531, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "The core Diet Coke demographic was baby boomers who were getting 20 years older and 20 pounds heavier. “We had an in-depth knowledge of our target consumer and the issue of weight in America,” Carew said. “It all added up to a total impression of a better experience in the diet segment than the consumer had been getting.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.850794792175293, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "SSC&B’s extensive consumer research revealed several key insights that steered the brand’s marketing strategy. “We asked people which celebrities they thought would drink Diet Coke, and they responded with names of very masculine movie stars,” Norcia said. “That gave us the enthusiasm and verification to go after men.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.78257942199707, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "name. And while extensive consumer taste tests revealed that Diet Coke was preferred over the competition, both were sweetened with the only approved non-caloric sweetener at the time: saccharin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.316984176635742, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "This meant that Diet Coke needed to get a leg up by playing up its taste, the strength of the", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.884599685668945, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Coke’s regulatory team predicted that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would approve aspartame by 1985. Several executives wanted to ride the wave of the industry by waiting until a standard sweetener was available to launch Diet Coke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.5037665367126465, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "A week later – before the first case had been delivered – 75 percent of the area population was aware of Diet Coke’s imminent introduction. This awareness, fueled by mounting bottler enthusiasm, gave the brand a big head start.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.771686553955078, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Diet Coke’s introductory tagline communicated ‘everything anyone needed to know about the product’ and became the team’s mantra.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07887077331543, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Diet Coke’s first TV commercial had to define the character of the brand and make a bold statement. Dyson told Mal MacDougall, SSC&B’s creative director, that he expected the advertising equivalent of putting a man on the moon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.710016250610352, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Carew arrived at the office one morning, having just heard the news that Princess Diana had given birth to Prince William. After kicking around the idea with the team, he called Norcia and asked him if Diet Coke could be positioned as heir to the throne of", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215995788574219, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "The spot was filmed on July 29, 1982 at Radio City Music Hall in New York after a gala event for bottlers and key customers. The ad carried the mystique of the Academy Awards with the brand’s name in lights on the Radio City marquee, footage of the famous Rockettes performing onstage, and the voiceover, “Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the world premiere of a great new soft drink called Diet Coke.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0377540588378906, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "“We wanted to make it clear that Diet Coke was a new product no one had ever seen before,” Norcia said. “When the advertising broke, we went to all the major TV stations in New York and brought cases of Diet Coke in for the staff to drink so they could celebrate with us.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.620302200317383, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Team Diet Coke – who took in the spectacle from the third balcony – stayed at Radio City until about 4 a.m., when production finally wrapped after 42 takes. “By the end, I think the Rockettes had been on stage for six or eight hours,” Garner remembers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.073365211486816, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Months later, Nielsen reported the first market share for Diet Coke in Denver. Carew jotted down the data and went to the company auditorium where Dyson was holding a meeting with bottlers. “I walked across the stage and handed him the piece of paper,” Carew recalls. “The room turned into a celebration… cheers, whistles, hugs, bravos.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.053988456726074, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "system,” Carew said. “Our bottlers truly understand what it takes to make an indulgent, impulse product launch a success. So much of what Diet Coke did was excite and motivate the bottling system … which goes back to John’s model.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.03264331817627, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "and Pepsi – a position it held until the end of 2010 when it overtook Pepsi. At the end of the ‘80s, Advertising Age named Diet Coke Brand of the Decade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.747132301330566, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "He concluded, “My entrepreneurial seeds were sown in the days of Diet Coke. Every time I speak to these guys, that entrepreneurial spirit comes back. This team will be together forever.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136672019958496, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": ", one of the world's most valuable and recognizable brands, our company’s portfolio features 20 billion-dollar brands, 18 of which are available in reduced-, low- or no-calorie options. Our billion-dollar brands include Diet Coke,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.149624824523926, "source": "search", "title": "The Extraordinary Story of How ... - The Coca-Cola Company" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "classic, Diet Coke, Coke Zero, or Coke Life?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.551841735839844, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "first hit the shelves? Are you familiar with the taste difference between Diet Coke and Coke Zero? Can you name the Coke that made sales records after the packaging changed from white to black?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.388510704040527, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "2. THE 80s KID ― DIET COKE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.818782806396484, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Born: The launch of Diet Coke, the first extension of the", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.092434406280518, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Did you know ― Diet Coke made history as the first additional trademarked", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.04675579071045, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "In 2013, Australia celebrated Diet Coke’s 30th with a remake the iconic 1990’s Diet Coke Hunk ad, this time featuring Aussie model and carpenter, Matt Wilson. The campaign proved a hit with Aussie fans, helping to launch Matt’s acting career on popular soap, Neighbours.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.00032901763916, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Famous fashion collaborations have also made this Coke a pop-culture icon. Diet Coke’s packaging has been outfitted in limited addition designs by Jean Paul Gaultier, Karl Lagerfeld, Matthew Williamson, Patricia Field, Marc Jacobs and most recently by London-based luxury designer Jonathan Anderson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.9463472366333, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Fan base: Diet Coke is especially loved by women.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.137334823608398, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "The Rockettes perform at Diet Coke's global premiere in July 1982. The Rockettes are America's most iconic dance company, captivating audiences for decades with precision dance performances at Radio City Music Hall.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.244523048400879, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "Diet Coke is again making a statement, this time with its latest fashion collaboration with leading British fashion designer J.W. Anderson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.890726089477539, "source": "search", "title": "How well do you know your favourite Coke - Coca-Cola Journey" }, { "answer": "Diet Coke", "passage": "“Coca-Cola Life will sit alongside Coca-Cola, Diet Coke and Coke Zero, and is a truly differentiated proposition within the portfolio, providing consumers that are looking for a great tasting lower calorie cola with sweetness from natural sources.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.903731346130371, "source": "search", "title": "News & Events - Coca-Cola Enterprises" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development.[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/taskgrp.html Space Task Group Report, 1969] The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. Five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station. The Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds. ", "precise_score": 1.0653042793273926, "rough_score": 5.043444633483887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Space Shuttle" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "A major component of the Space Shuttle Program was Spacelab, primarily contributed by a consortium of European countries, and operated in conjunction with the United States and international partners. Supported by a modular system of pressurized modules, pallets, and systems, Spacelab missions executed on multidisciplinary science, orbital logistics, and international cooperation. Over 29 missions flew on subjects ranging from astronomy, microgravity, radar, and life sciences, to name a few. Spacelab hardware also supported missions such as Hubble (HST) servicing and space station resupply. STS-2 and STS-3 provided testing, and the first full mission was Spacelab-1 (STS-9) launched on November 28, 1983.", "precise_score": -1.8385756015777588, "rough_score": 3.3421928882598877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Space Shuttle" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 24 | 1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space", "precise_score": 4.565371036529541, "rough_score": 3.0199766159057617, "source": "search", "title": "1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space", "precise_score": 5.3014397621154785, "rough_score": 3.0394434928894043, "source": "search", "title": "1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The American space agency Nasa has successfully launched the space shuttle Discovery from Cape Canaveral in Florida on its historic mission to carry the Hubble space telescope into orbit 380 miles (611.5 km) above the Earth.", "precise_score": 4.172984600067139, "rough_score": 5.394600868225098, "source": "search", "title": "1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope was launched by the shuttle Discovery (STS-31) on 24 April 1990 at 12:33:51 UTC.", "precise_score": 8.535826683044434, "rough_score": 9.970829963684082, "source": "search", "title": "Launch 1990 | ESA/Hubble - Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Although the Hubble Space Telescope has been in orbit since 1990, its origins date long before that. The first serious concepts of a space-based optical observatory began just after World War II. In 1946, Lyman Spitzer, a professor and researcher at Yale University, argued that a space telescope would offer great advantages over ground-based observatories. His paper, entitled Astronomical Advantages of an Extra-Terrestrial Observatory, explained that the Earth's atmosphere blurs and distorts light coming from stars. Even the most precise and advanced telescopes on the ground cannot escape this phenomenon, but a telescope in orbit can. Furthermore, the atmosphere blocks X-rays emitted from high-temperature phenomena in stars and other objects, so they cannot be detected by instruments on the Earth's surface. A space telescope would also allow scientists to accurately measure these emissions as well.", "precise_score": 0.6541914939880371, "rough_score": 3.664790630340576, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "With NASA on board, the next step for what would become the Hubble Space Telescope was to obtain federal funding for the project. Unfortunately for the program, the large space telescope's total cost was roughly estimated at $400 to $500 million, making it a tough sell. Funding for the telescope was originally denied by the House Appropriations Subcommittee in 1975, but this prompted a large-scale lobbying effort by NASA and leading astronomers, led by Spitzer and John Bahcall, another Princeton astronomer who was also an original proponent of the telescope. The European Space Research Organization (ESRO), later to become the European Space Agency (ESA), was also invited to participate in the project by producing inexpensive solar panels and taking part in observations and research. NASA wanted to take advantage of international cooperation to reduce the overall cost of the program, making it more likely to receive Congressional support. The ESRO accepted the offer in 1975. A mirror reduction from 3 to 2.4 meters helped bring the project down to about $200 million, approximately half the originally expected price tag. The proposal was accepted by Congress, which granted the Large Space Telescope program funding in 1977.", "precise_score": -3.1193289756774902, "rough_score": -0.9817776679992676, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "NASA originally planned to launch in 1983, but the program experienced a considerable delay. The Perkin-Elmer mirror was completed in 1981, but the entire optical assembly was not put together until 1984. Subsequent final assembly of the spacecraft did not take place until 1985. The year 1983 did have its own notable events however, with the founding of the Space Telescope Science Institute at the John Hopkins University in Maryland. A part of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), the institute would be in charge of Hubble's scientific program. That same year would also see the naming of the telescope after Edwin P. Hubble, a notable astronomer who conducted extensive research into stars and galaxies and was the first to prove that the universe is expanding.", "precise_score": -0.37278908491134644, "rough_score": 1.4118903875350952, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "With all of Hubble's pieces in place by December 1985, NASA planned for an October 1986 launch. But Hubble's future would be in limbo once again, when tragedy struck on January 28, 1986. On a cold morning, the Space Shuttle Challenger lifted off into the Florida sky, in what appeared to be a routine launch. Only a little more than a minute into the flight, the vehicle exploded into a ball of smoke and flame, calling into question when Hubble would make the trip into orbit.", "precise_score": -3.291779041290283, "rough_score": 4.206324577331543, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "When shuttle flights resumed in 1988, Hubble was finally launched aboard Discovery on April 24, 1990. The telescope's original equipment package included the Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WF/PC), Goddard High Resolution Spectograph (GHRS), Faint Object Camera (FOC), Faint Object Spectograph (FOS), and High Speed Photometer (HSP).", "precise_score": 7.469675540924072, "rough_score": 7.453154563903809, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Shortly after the crew returned to Earth and the Hubble Space Telescope began returning sharp and spectacular images, NASA deemed the servicing mission a success. Astronomers could now take advantage of a fully functional space telescope, and the public was treated to breathtaking photos of stars, galaxies, nebulae, and other deep-space objects. Subsequent servicing missions improved Hubble's capabilities and performed routine repairs. In February, 1997, the crew of STS-82 installed the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) and the Space Telescope Imaging Spectograph (STIS) to detect infrared light from deep-space objects and take detailed photos of celestial objects. Servicing mission 3A in December, 1999 replaced all six of the telescope's aging gyroscopes, which accurately point the telescope at its target. STS-103 astronauts also replaced one of the telescope's three fine guidance sensors and installed a new computer, all in time to redeploy Hubble into orbit on Christmas Day. The most recent servicing mission to the spacecraft, servicing mission 3B, came aboard STS-109 in March, 2002. Columbia crewmembers installed the new Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), which had sharper vision, a wider field of view, and quicker data gathering than the Wide Field/Planetary Camera 2. Astronauts also replaced Hubble's solar panels with a more efficient array and conducted repairs on the NICMOS.", "precise_score": -2.1822311878204346, "rough_score": -1.4358346462249756, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "As it continued to return groundbreaking photos of the universe and help astronomers do valuable research, the Hubble Space Telescope's future would once again be thrown into uncertainty by a Space Shuttle tragedy. On February 1, 2003, all seven astronauts aboard Columbia were killed as their Space Shuttle disintegrated during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting two-year period of investigations led to Administrator Sean O'Keefe's decision that future shuttle missions would go only to the International Space Station, where safe haven was possible, as well as inspection and repair of the Shuttle. Though the telescope was slated for servicing in 2005, O'Keefe concluded that another Hubble repair mission with the Shuttle would be too risky and ultimately rejected the option of sending another servicing mission. In late 2004 the National Academy of Sciences concluded that the risks were acceptable and recommended that a Shuttle mission should service Hubble after all. O'Keefe asked NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to conduct feasibility studies into a robotic servicing mission.", "precise_score": -0.4301080107688904, "rough_score": 1.4657800197601318, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope's launch in 1990 sped humanity to one of its greatest advances in that journey. Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth. Its position above the atmosphere, which distorts and blocks the light that reaches our planet, gives it a view of the universe that typically far surpasses that of ground-based telescopes.", "precise_score": 6.905960559844971, "rough_score": 5.744532108306885, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In 1975, the European Space Agency began to work together with NASA on a plan that would eventually become the Hubble Space Telescope. In 1977, Congress approved funding for the telescope.", "precise_score": -2.1943728923797607, "rough_score": 4.218117713928223, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In 1981, the Space Telescope Science Institute was established in Baltimore, Md., to evaluate proposals for telescope time and manage the science program. The space telescope was named the Hubble Space Telescope, after American astronomer Edwin Hubble , who showed that the fuzzy patches of light in the night sky were actually other galaxies, far distant from our own, and went on to prove that the universe was expanding.", "precise_score": -4.227266311645508, "rough_score": 3.0846757888793945, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "After some delays, Hubble's launch was scheduled for October 1986. But on January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded just over a minute into its flight. Shuttle flights ceased for two years. The finished telescope parts were moved into storage. Hubble workers continued to tweak the telescope during the delay, improving the solar batteries and upgrading other systems.", "precise_score": 2.5654757022857666, "rough_score": 7.8257904052734375, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "On April 24, 1990, Hubble finally launched into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The telescope carried five instruments: The Wide Field/Planetary Camera, the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph, the Faint Object Camera, the Faint Object Spectrograph and the High Speed Photometer.", "precise_score": 8.499979019165039, "rough_score": 8.682068824768066, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Since its launch in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has provided a dazzling array of images that have awed and inspired the public. More than just pretty pictures, the more than 45 terabytes of data collected has provided insight into the universe, from objects as close as the moon to the most remote galaxies, with incredible photos of supernovas and nebulas in between. Below we explore the history of the telescope and its discoveries, plus Hubble facts and links to some of the orbiting observatory’s best pictures. First, we take a look at an iconic photo. No Hubble picture is more widely recognized than the view of the so-called Pillars of Creation within the Eagle Nebula. [See a gallery of recent Hubble pictures .]", "precise_score": 3.4478938579559326, "rough_score": 3.8121209144592285, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In 1975, the European Space Agency began to work with NASA on the plan that would eventually become Hubble. Congress approved funding for the telescope in 1977. The birth of the reusable Space Shuttle provided a new mechanism for delivering such a telescope into space.", "precise_score": 1.6444541215896606, "rough_score": 5.304954528808594, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Large Space Telescope was renamed the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in honor of Edwin Hubble , an American astronomer who, among other things, determined that the universe extended beyond the borders of Milky Way. The world’s first space telescope was then launched on April 24, 1990. The effort cost $1.5 billion, but there would be ongoing costs — both expected and unexpected.", "precise_score": 5.891887664794922, "rough_score": 7.0417914390563965, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "It took three years before NASA could mount a repair mission. On Decc. 2, 1993, the Space Shuttle Endeavor ferried a crew of seven to fix Hubble during five days of spacewalks. Two new cameras, including the Wide-Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC-2) — which later took many of Hubble's most famous photos — were installed during the fix. In December 1993, the first new images from Hubble reached Earth. And they were breathtaking.", "precise_score": -7.174073696136475, "rough_score": -1.5865486860275269, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope, named in honor of astronomer Edwin Hubble, was launched into orbit around the Earth.", "precise_score": 7.011784553527832, "rough_score": 7.6717047691345215, "source": "search", "title": "Telescope: Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "It was a long-delayed dream about to come true. NASA had started working on Hubble, the first telescope in the Great Observatories program, in 1977. It was originally supposed to be launched in 1985. But then the space shuttle Challenger exploded in 1986, and flights came to a halt while NASA tried to figure out how to safely resume them.", "precise_score": 2.650604009628296, "rough_score": 4.81773042678833, "source": "search", "title": "Telescope: Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "On April 24, 1990, NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope. The telescope rocketed into space aboard the shuttle Discovery, and now after 25 years of giving people a glimpse at some of the farthest reaches of outer space, Hubble has been honored by NASA with a week-long celebration. Here are some of the best views of the cosmos captured by Hubble.", "precise_score": 8.867766380310059, "rough_score": 8.85354995727539, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Long before man ventured into space, astronomers longed for the ability to put a telescope in space far above Earth's obscuring atmosphere . In 1962, a National Academy of Sciences committee recommended the development of just such a telescope. In 1968 and 1972, satellites for observing the stars were launched. These satellites provided the basis on which a larger, more powerful space-based telescope could be built. With the development of the Space Shuttle came the capability for the delivery and servicing of a space telescope. In 1973, NASA selected a team of scientists to determine the basic design of the telescope while Congress authorized the funding for the telescope in 1977. Construction and assembly of the telescope was completed in 1985. The Hubble Space Telescope was originally due to be launched in 1986, but the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger delayed the launch until April 24, 1990. Once in orbit , a defect in the optical mirrors of the telescope prevented the clarity that scientists had hoped for when viewing images provided by the telescope. On December 2, 1993, a crew from the Space Shuttle Endeavor installed corrective devices which brought the images into clear focus .", "precise_score": 5.115914344787598, "rough_score": 7.500659465789795, "source": "search", "title": "StarChild: The Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "As wavelengths become longer, it becomes easier to use antenna technology to interact with electromagnetic radiation (although it is possible to make very tiny antenna). The near-infrared can be collected much like visible light, however in the far-infrared and submillimetre range, telescopes can operate more like a radio telescope. For example, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope observes from wavelengths from 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 2000 μm (2 mm), but uses a parabolic aluminum antenna. On the other hand, the Spitzer Space Telescope, observing from about 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 180 μm (0.18 mm) uses a mirror (reflecting optics). Also using reflecting optics, the Hubble Space Telescope with Wide Field Camera 3 can observe in the frequency range from about 0.2 μm (0.0002 mm) to 1.7 μm (0.0017 mm) (from ultra-violet to infrared light). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.075860023498535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The orbiter carried astronauts and payloads such as satellites or space station parts into low Earth orbit, the Earth's upper atmosphere or thermosphere. Usually, five to seven crew members rode in the orbiter. Two crew members, the commander and pilot, were sufficient for a minimal flight, as in the first four \"test\" flights, STS-1 through STS-4. The typical payload capacity was about 50045 lb but could be increased depending on the choice of launch configuration. The orbiter carried its payload in a large cargo bay with doors that opened along the length of its top, a feature which made the Space Shuttle unique among spacecraft. This feature made possible the deployment of large satellites such as the Hubble Space Telescope and also the capture and return of large payloads back to Earth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5209152698516846, "source": "wiki", "title": "Space Shuttle" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble's main instrument is a finely-polished mirror 94 inches (240 cm) across.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343572616577148, "source": "search", "title": "1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "It's thought Hubble's images will provoke a drastic revision of the shapes, sizes and content of galaxies already identified by ground-based telescopes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.238480567932129, "source": "search", "title": "1990: Hubble telescope takes off for space - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Launch 1990 | ESA/Hubble | ESA/Hubble", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.849942207336426, "source": "search", "title": "Launch 1990 | ESA/Hubble - Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble was released by the Shuttle's robotic arm on 26 April at 19:38 UT.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.38199234008789, "source": "search", "title": "Launch 1990 | ESA/Hubble - Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Space Shuttle Discovery on its way to the skies with Hubble as the payload.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.343517303466797, "source": "search", "title": "Launch 1990 | ESA/Hubble - Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble has just been released by the Shuttle's robotic arm and is slowly drifting away.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.44836139678955, "source": "search", "title": "Launch 1990 | ESA/Hubble - Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.602297782897949, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.602297782897949, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "For more than 15 years, the Hubble Space Telescope has been providing scientists and the public with spectacular images of deep space. One of the most technologically advanced pieces of equipment that humans have put into orbit, Hubble has helped researchers make important discoveries about our universe, ranging from planets and stars to galaxies and cosmology. Thanks to incredible efforts of scientists and engineers, the telescope has also given astronomers insight into the history and fate of our universe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.332986354827881, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The following year, design of the telescope began in earnest, with the award of contracts to the Perkin-Elmer Corporation to construct the mirror and optical assembly and the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company to construct the spacecraft and its support systems. The Europeans were mainly responsible for the solar array that would power Hubble while in orbit. Among the many technological advances used in the telescope's construction was the computer-based laser grinding system used by Perkin-Elmer to craft the observatory's primary mirror.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.165367603302002, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "After a few weeks of operation, scientists noticed that images being sent back from Hubble were slightly blurred. While this distortion still allowed scientists to study the cosmos and make significant discoveries, it resulted in less spectacular images, and some of the original mission could not be fulfilled. An investigation finally revealed a spherical aberration in the primary mirror, due to a miscalibrated measuring instrument that caused the edges of the mirror to be ground slightly too flat. Engineers rushed to come up with a fix to the problem in time for Hubble's first scheduled servicing mission in 1993. The system designed to correct the error was designated COSTAR, for Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement. COSTAR was a set of optics that compensated for the aberration and would allow all of Hubble's instruments to function normally.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.657624244689941, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In December, 1993, the crew of STS-61 embarked on a service mission to replace a number of Hubble's parts. Following intensive training on the use of new tools never used before in space, two teams of astronauts completed repairs during a record five back-to-back spacewalks. During the EVAs, COSTAR was installed and the Wide Field/Planetary Camera was replaced with the Wide Field/Planetary Camera 2, which was designed to compensate for the mirror problem. The team also performed basic maintenance on the craft, installed new solar arrays, and replaced four of Hubble's gyroscopes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.493017196655273, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble's Future", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30059814453125, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Current Administrator Michael Griffin revisited the Hubble servicing mission decision and rejected the robotic servicing mission option, calling the $1 billion plan too costly. He has also revisited the idea of a Shuttle repair flight, and pending successful Shuttle operations in the near future, NASA is preparing to send a mission to Hubble before the Space Shuttle is retired by the end of the decade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.507331848144531, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of the Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.044629096984863, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble Essentials", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386025428771973, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "A collection of facts about the Hubble Space Telescope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.134833335876465, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble floats above Earth; March 2002. Enlarge photo .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.036176681518555, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble is one of NASA's most successful and long-lasting science missions. It has beamed hundreds of thousands of images back to Earth, shedding light on many of the great mysteries of astronomy. Its gaze has helped determine the age of the universe, the identity of quasars, and the existence of dark energy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.751008033752441, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble's discoveries have transformed the way scientists look at the universe. Its ability to show the universe in unprecedented detail has turned astronomical conjectures into concrete certainties. It has winnowed down the collection of theories about the universe even as it sparked new ones, clarifying the path for future astronomers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.027925491333008, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Among its many discoveries, Hubble has revealed the age of the universe to be about 13 to 14 billion years, much more accurate than the old range of anywhere from 10 to 20 billion years. Hubble played a key role in the discovery of dark energy, a mysterious force that causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374884605407715, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble has shown scientists galaxies in all stages of evolution, including toddler galaxies that were around when the universe was still young, helping them understand how galaxies form. It found protoplanetary disks, clumps of gas and dust around young stars that likely function as birthing grounds for new planets. It discovered that gamma-ray bursts — strange, incredibly powerful explosions of energy — occur in far-distant galaxies when massive stars collapse. And these are only a handful of its many contributions to astronomy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969172477722168, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The sheer amount of astronomy based on Hubble observations has also helped make it one of history's most important observatories. More than 10,000 scientific articles have been published based on Hubble data.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27217960357666, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The policies that govern the telescope have contributed to its incredible productivity. The telescope is an instrument for the entire astronomical community — any astronomer in the world can submit a proposal and request time on the telescope. Teams of experts then select the observations to be performed. Once observations are completed, the astronomers have a year to pursue their work before the data is released to the entire scientific community. Because everyone gets to see the information, the observations have given rise to a multitude of findings — many in areas that would not have been predicted by the telescope’s original proposals. Hubble's success with these policies has helped spread them throughout the astronomical community, and they are becoming common with other observatories.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.56490421295166, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope is the direct solution to a problem that telescopes have faced since the very earliest days of their invention: the atmosphere. The quandary is twofold: Shifting air pockets in Earth's atmosphere distort the view of telescopes on the ground, no matter how large or scientifically advanced those telescopes are. This \"atmospheric distortion\" is the reason that the stars seem to twinkle when you look up at the sky.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.534401893615723, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The most effective way to avoid the problems of the atmosphere is to place your telescope beyond it. Or, in Hubble's case, 353 miles (569 km) above the surface of Earth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911547660827637, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Every 97 minutes, Hubble completes a spin around Earth, moving at the speed of about five miles per second (8 km per second) — fast enough to travel across the United States in about 10 minutes. As it travels, Hubble's mirror captures light and directs it into its several science instruments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335633277893066, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble is a type of telescope known as a Cassegrain reflector. Light hits the telescope's main mirror, or primary mirror. It bounces off the primary mirror and encounters a secondary mirror. The secondary mirror focuses the light through a hole in the center of the primary mirror that leads to the telescope's science instruments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.61851978302002, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "People often mistakenly believe that a telescope's power lies in its ability to magnify objects. Telescopes actually work by collecting more light than the human eye can capture on its own. The larger a telescope's mirror, the more light it can collect, and the better its vision. Hubble's primary mirror is 94.5 inches (2.4 m) in diameter. This mirror is small compared with those of current ground-based telescopes, which can be 400 inches (1,000 cm) and up, but Hubble's location beyond the atmosphere gives it remarkable clarity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.638802528381348, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Once the mirror captures the light, Hubble's science instruments work together or individually to provide the observation. Each instrument is designed to examine the universe in a different way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342692375183105, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) sees three different kinds of light: near-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared, though not simultaneously. Its resolution and field of view are much greater than that of Hubble's other instruments. WFC3 is one of Hubble's two newest instruments, and will be used to study dark energy and dark matter, the formation of individual stars and the discovery of extremely remote galaxies previously beyond Hubble's vision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.251214981079102, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS), Hubble's other new instrument, is a spectrograph that sees exclusively in ultraviolet light. Spectrographs acts something like prisms, separating light from the cosmos into its component colors. This provides a wavelength \"fingerprint\" of the object being observed, which tells us about its temperature, chemical composition, density, and motion. COS will improve Hubble's ultraviolet sensitivity at least 10 times, and up to 70 times when observing extremely faint objects.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23954963684082, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) is Hubble's heat sensor. Its sensitivity to infrared light — perceived by humans as heat — lets it observe objects hidden by interstellar dust, like stellar birth sites, and gaze into deepest space.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.353888511657715, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Finally, the Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS) are devices that lock onto \"guide stars\" and keep Hubble pointed in the right direction. They can be used to precisely measure the distance between stars, and their relative motions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322467803955078, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "All of Hubble's functions are powered by sunlight. Hubble sports solar arrays that convert sunlight directly into electricity. Some of that electricity is stored in batteries that keep the telescope running when it's in Earth's shadow, blocked from the Sun's rays.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.490690231323242, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble Control Center", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416842460632324, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "A quartet of antennae on the telescope sends and receives information between Hubble and the Flight Operations Team at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. Engineers use satellites to communicate with the telescope, giving it directions and commands. The telescope has two main computers and a number of smaller systems. One of the main computers handles the commands that point the telescope and other system-wide functions. The other talks to the instruments, receives their data, and sends it to satellites that in turn transmit it to the ground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.044435501098633, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Once the ground station transfers the data to Goddard, Goddard sends it to the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), where staff translate the data into scientifically meaningful units — such as wavelength or brightness — and archive the information on 5.25-inch magneto-optical disks. Hubble sends the archive enough information to fill about 18 DVDs every week. Astronomers can download archived data via the Internet and analyze it from anywhere in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.688340187072754, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hundreds of engineers and computer scientists at Goddard Space Flight Center and STScI are responsible for keeping Hubble operating and monitoring its safety, health and performance. At Goddard, controllers monitor the telescope's health while they direct its movements and science activities. STScI staff also schedule use of the telescope, monitor and calibrate the instruments, operate the archive and conduct public outreach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.105659484863281, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Astronomers from around the world compete for time to use Hubble. More scientists want to use the telescope than there is time to use it, so a review committee of astronomy experts has to pick out the best proposals from the bunch. The winning proposals are the ones that make the best use of the telescope’s capabilities while addressing pressing astronomical questions. Each year around 1,000 proposals are reviewed and approximately 200 are selected, for a total of 20,000 individual observations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.252323150634766, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Almost immediately after Hubble went into orbit, it became clear that something was wrong. While the pictures were clearer than those of ground-based telescopes, they weren't the pristine images promised. They were blurry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.573397636413574, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble's primary mirror, polished so carefully and lovingly over the course of a full year, had a flaw called \"spherical aberration.\" It was just slightly the wrong shape, causing the light that bounced off the center of the mirror to focus in a different place than the light bouncing off the edge. The tiny flaw — about 1/50th the thickness of a sheet of paper — was enough to distort the view.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272933959960938, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "And they had a solution. A series of small mirrors could be used to intercept the light reflecting off the mirror, correct for the flaw, and bounce the light to the telescope's science instruments. The Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement, or COSTAR, could be installed in place of one of the telescope's other instruments in order to correct the images produced by the remaining and future instruments. Astronauts would also replace the Wide Field/Planetary Camera with a new version, the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), that contained small mirrors to correct for the aberration. This was the first of Hubble's instruments to have built-in corrective optics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.64194107055664, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "NASA released the first new images from Hubble's fixed optics on January 13, 1994. The pictures were beautiful; their resolution, excellent. Hubble was transformed into the telescope that had been originally promised.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.6590421199798584, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble would be successfully serviced and repaired several times afterwards. In February 1997, astronauts replaced the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph and the Faint Object Spectrograph with improved instruments, the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer and the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. In December 1999, they replaced a transmitter, all six gyroscopes, and one of three Fine Guidance Sensors, which allow fine pointing and keep Hubble stable during operations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.06951904296875, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In February 2002, astronauts added the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), the first new instrument to be installed in Hubble since 1997. ACS doubled Hubble's field of view, using a much more sensitive detector than WFPC2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.354469299316406, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble's next servicing mission was scheduled for 2006. But on February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia, returning from a research mission, broke apart while re-entering Earth's atmosphere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.611439228057861, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Shuttles were grounded. Then-NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe called the Hubble mission off, citing the safety guidelines that had been developed following the Columbia tragedy. The next NASA Administrator, Mike Griffin, revisited the cancellation upon his appointment in 2005 and expressed support for another mission. On October 31, 2006, he announced that Hubble would be serviced again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.269890785217285, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Servicing Mission 4 took place in May 2009. Astronauts upgraded the telescope with the Wide Field Camera 3 and the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, and repaired the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. They replaced Hubble's batteries with new versions, and a Fine Guidance Sensor with a refurbished one; installed six new gyroscopes; and added new insulating panels to areas where Hubble's blankets had broken down. They replaced the Science Instrument Command and Data Handling unit (SIC&DH), which helps command the science instruments and control the flow of data within the telescope, and had suffered an electrical problem in 2008. Finally, they attached a ring-like structure that will allow a robotic module to connect itself to Hubble in the future, in order to guide the telescope through its de-orbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8063201904296875, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Astronauts headed back to Earth with a special piece of removed technology: COSTAR. All of Hubble's instruments since its initial launch have been designed with built-in corrections for the flawed mirror, eventually making COSTAR unnecessary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.047070503234863, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Servicing Mission 4 is expected to extend Hubble's life into at least 2013. A rejuvenated telescope will continue to beam images of the heavens back to Earth, transferring about 120 gigabytes of data every week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.642818450927734, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble's successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is currently in the works. JWST will study objects from the earliest universe, objects whose light has \"redshifted,\" or stretched into infrared light.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.118985176086426, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Eventually, Hubble's time will end. As the years progress,  Hubble's components will slowly degrade to the point at which the telescope stops working.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.367554664611816, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "When that happens, Hubble will continue to orbit Earth until its orbit decays, allowing it to spiral toward Earth. Though NASA originally hoped to bring Hubble back to Earth for museum display, the telescope's prolonged lifespan has placed it beyond the date for the retirement of the space shuttle program. Hubble was designed specifically to function with the space shuttle, so the replacement vehicle will likely not be able to return it to the ground. A robotic mission is expected to help de-orbit Hubble, guiding its remains through a plunge through the atmosphere and into the ocean.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9522016048431396, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "But Hubble's legacy — its discoveries, its trailblazing design, its success in showing us the universe in unparalleled detail — will live on. Scientists will rely on Hubble's revelations for years as they continue in their quest to understand the cosmos — a quest that has attained clarity, focus, and triumph through Hubble's rich existence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.253633499145508, "source": "search", "title": "HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.890432834625244, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.890432834625244, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "This 1995 Hubble Space Telescope image of the 'Pillars of Creation' is probably the most famous astronomical image of the 20th Century. Taken in visible light using a combination of SII/H-alpha and OIII filters, it shows a part of the Eagle Nebula where new stars are forming. The tallest pillar is around 4 light-years high.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9083335399627686, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble history: From major flaw to perfection", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416007041931152, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "There was a big problem right off the bat. Hubble had a flawed mirror, researchers learned when the telescope reached orbit and was put to work. The images were fuzzy — close to useless. Hubble's main mirror had a major defect, a spherical aberration caused by a manufacturing error. The flaw was just 1/50th the thickness of a sheet of paper.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.538362503051758, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble has been serviced five times. Astronauts had to replace batteries and directional gyroscopes, among other fix-it projects. Its final servicing mission took place in 2009 ( gallery ). The telescope is expected to continue to function until 2014. NASA plans to replace it with the James Webb Telescope , scheduled to launch in 2018.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.965848922729492, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble discoveries", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38843059539795, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope's elevated perspective and advanced optics allow it to peer farther away than previous ground-based optics are able to see. Because light takes time to travel long distances, the range of the HST makes it function similar to a time machine ; the light it views from remote objects only reveals how that object appeared when the light left it, not how it appears today. Thus when we look at the Andromeda galaxy, 2.5 million light-years from Earth, we see it as it was 2.5 million years ago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.124021530151367, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "This image shows primordial dwarf galaxy candidates circled in green. Three enlargements at right show several dwarf objects that are at the limits of Hubble's present instrument capabilities. The Hubble UDF is a small region of sky in the direction of the southern constellation Fornax. The faintest objects are less than one four-billionth the brightness of stars that can be seen with the naked eye.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343523979187012, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "And with Hubble, distant objects are revealed that otherwise can’t be seen at all.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400394439697266, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In addition to gazing at the early universe, Hubble also helped astronomers gauge how much time had passed since the Big Bang. By measuring a special kind of pulsing star known as a Cepheid variable , they were able to narrow down the age of the universe from its pre-HST range of 10 to 20 billion years to a more precise 13.7 billion years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219100952148438, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In addition to galaxies, the Hubble Space Telescope also examines individual stars in various stages of their evolution – from the clouds of dust that form infant stars to the corpses of those long since detonated, and those in between. It has even been able to peer outside of our galaxy, the Milky Way, and into its neighbors, the Magellanic Clouds and Andromeda Galaxy .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.035879135131836, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "More challenging to see than stars are planets orbiting other suns. Yet in 2008, Hubble captured pictures of the planet Fomalhaut b, the first time an extrasolar planet was directly imaged in visible light. But most planets are more challenging to photograph. Much of the HST's work with other planets comes through the detection of their atmosphere as they pass in front of their sun; the atmosphere filters the light from the stars, and the Hubble records the changes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.188432693481445, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope may spend much of its time peering light-years from Earth, but on occasion it takes the time to photograph the planets traveling around our sun.  High resolution images taken of Jupiter, Saturn, and even Pluto can provide insights that can only be topped by planetary probes circling the planets. Images from the HST allows scientists on Earth to monitor changes in the planet's atmosphere and surface. When the comet Shoemaker-Levy crashed into the Jupiter in 1994, the Hubble Space Telescope photographed the fatal collision. The aftermath revealed a great deal about the gas giant's atmosphere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.215643405914307, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "In orbit for more than two decades, the Hubble Space Telescope has provided scientists with a greater understanding of the planets, galaxy, and the whole universe. Among the Most Amazing Hubble Discoveries and research projects:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.560499668121338, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Great Hubble Pictures", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348176002502441, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Below are some of the best images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope [See a gallery of awesome Hubble pictures ]:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.180135726928711, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope has caught the most detailed view of the Crab Nebula in one of the largest images ever assembed by the space-based observatory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.55769157409668, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble catches Jupiter changing its stripes. High and low elevation clouds switch places, changing their shape and color as they do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472148895263672, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble catches an instantaneous glimpse of many hundreds of thousands of stars moving about in the globular cluster M13.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.482266426086426, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.164628982543945, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble facts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394487380981445, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope is a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency. Here are some basic facts about the telescope and the mission, courtesy the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which operates Hubble for NASA:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1205060482025146, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble transmits about 120 gigabytes of science data every week. That would be roughly 3,600 feet (1,097 meters) of books on a shelf. The collection of pictures and data is stored on magneto-optical disks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233590126037598, "source": "search", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Telescope: Hubble Space Telescope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.714263439178467, "source": "search", "title": "Telescope: Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble Space Telescope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1349353790283203, "source": "search", "title": "Telescope: Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The telescope, a basic reflector with a 94.5-inch (2.4-meter) mirror, was packed with instruments that would give astronomers clear views of the universe in visible, infrared and ultraviolet light. Without the Earth’s atmosphere blocking its view, Hubble would be able to observe details of astronomical objects that had never been seen before.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.282430648803711, "source": "search", "title": "Telescope: Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The delay made it difficult to schedule a time to get Hubble into space. Other flights came first. Conditions had to be right. It was years before Hubble finally sped toward space on the space shuttle Discovery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.788315296173096, "source": "search", "title": "Telescope: Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th anniversary | Fox News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.600470542907715, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th anniversary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.702073097229004, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "25th anniversary NASA Hubble Space Telescope image", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.23512601852417, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "NASA , ESA , the Hubble Heritage Team ( STScI / AURA ), A. Nota ( ESA / STScI ), and the Westerlund 2 Science Team", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.049820899963379, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "25th-anniversary-nasa-hubble-space-telescope-image", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.03022575378418, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble panoramic view of Orion Nebula", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42953872680664, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "NASA , ESA , M. Robberto ( Space Telescope Science Institute / ESA ) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.22356653213501, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "hubble-panoramic-view-of-orion-nebula", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419771194458008, "source": "search", "title": "The best of Hubble: NASA marks telescope's 25th ..." }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The primary payload, Hubble Space Telescope, deployed in a 380-statute-mile orbit. Secondary payloads: IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) to document operations outside crew cabin and hand-held IMAX camera for use inside crew cabin; Ascent Particle Monitor (APM) to detect particulate matter in payload bay; Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) to provide data on growing protein crystals in microgravity; Radiation Monitoring Equipment III (RME III) to measure gamma ray levels in crew cabin; Investigations into Polymer Membrane Processing (IPMP) to determine porosity control in microgravity environment; Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP) experiment to study effects of near-weightlessness on electrical arcs, and Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) experiment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.982287883758545, "source": "search", "title": "NASA - STS-31" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "StarChild: The Hubble Space Telescope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.058443069458008, "source": "search", "title": "StarChild: The Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.193584442138672, "source": "search", "title": "StarChild: The Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble Space Telescope was named after Edwin Hubble , an astronomer whose contributions to astronomy include a classification system for galaxies and the Hubble Constant. The Hubble Constant defines the relationship between a galaxy's distance from the Earth and the speed with which the galaxy is moving away from the Earth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.921027660369873, "source": "search", "title": "StarChild: The Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Servicing the Hubble Space Telescope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.082366466522217, "source": "search", "title": "StarChild: The Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "The Hubble has a variety of scientific instruments on-board. Among the instrumentation are two cameras, two spectrographs , and guidance sensors. Hubble is controlled by scientists here on Earth who use gyroscopes to measure the rate at which Hubble is moving. When Hubble is being re-aimed from one object to another, it moves very, very slowly. Other gyroscopes help keep the telescope pointed steadily at its target. Scientists communicate with Hubble by radio signals. Hubble, in turn, sends images and data it has gathered to Earth by radio signals. Data from Hubble are relayed to the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) that is in a geosynchronous orbit above Earth. This satellite relays the data to a terminal in White Sands, New Mexico. This terminal then sends the information up to another satellite which then sends it down to NASA at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Any communication to Hubble has to travel back along the same path.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.318720817565918, "source": "search", "title": "StarChild: The Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "answer": "Hubble", "passage": "Hubble has two solar panels which are each 2.3 meters by 11.9 meters in size. These panels convert sunlight directly into electricity which Hubble then uses to power its instrumentation. It takes 96 minutes for Hubble to complete one orbit of Earth. The Hubble was designed to work in orbit for fifteen years. The Space Shuttle and its astronauts are to perform servicing missions throughout Hubble's lifetime. In addition to keeping Hubble running smoothly, astronauts will attach new instrumentation to further increase Hubble's capabilities. Just such a mission occurred in February of 1997 when the astronauts not only installed new instruments, but made repairs to the insulation which protects Hubble from the extreme temperatures in space.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.180587291717529, "source": "search", "title": "StarChild: The Hubble Space Telescope" } ]

[ { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Edward Salk (; October 28, 1914 - June 23, 1995) was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed the first successful polio vaccine. Born in New York City, he attended New York University School of Medicine, later choosing to do medical research instead of becoming a practicing physician. In 1939, after earning his medical degree, Salk began an internship as a scientist physician at Mount Sinai Hospital. Two years later he was granted a fellowship at the University of Michigan, where he would study flu viruses with his mentor Thomas Francis, Jr.. ", "precise_score": 6.632754325866699, "rough_score": 7.441891670227051, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1947, Salk accepted an appointment to the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. In 1948, he undertook a project funded by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis to determine the number of different types of polio virus. Salk saw an opportunity to extend this project towards developing a vaccine against polio, and, together with the skilled research team he assembled, devoted himself to this work for the next seven years. The field trial set up to test the Salk vaccine was, according to O'Neill, \"the most elaborate program of its kind in history, involving 20,000 physicians and public health officers, 64,000 school personnel, and 220,000 volunteers.\" Over 1,800,000 school children took part in the trial.Rose DR (2004). \"Fact Sheet—Polio Vaccine Field Trial of 1954.\" March of Dimes Archives. 2004 02 11. When news of the vaccine's success was made public on April 12, 1955, Salk was hailed as a \"miracle worker\" and the day almost became a national holiday. Around the world, an immediate rush to vaccinate began, with countries including Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, West Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Belgium planning to begin polio immunization campaigns using Salk's vaccine.", "precise_score": 6.581487655639648, "rough_score": 5.393039703369141, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk tested his killed polio vaccine in many ways. Some of his first tests were done on monkeys. He successfully vaccinated thousands of monkeys, but also used them as hosts to grow the virus, so he could make his vaccine [Klein]. He first tested his vaccine by giving it to people who used to have polio, but recovered. Next, he gave it to volunteers who had never had polio before. They all began to produce antibodies, with previously infected people creating a high amount of them. Through all of the testing of the vaccine, no one got infected with polio.", "precise_score": 5.206380844116211, "rough_score": 5.72703742980957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1980, Salk pointed out the renewed interest in his killed virus vaccine, particularly in developing countries. \"The 'live' virus vaccine is highly effective in developed countries ...\", he said, \"but in the developing countries, where polio is on the increase, the drawback is that the live virus fails to establish the infection that leads to immunity because of intestinal inhibitors in the population.\" Recent evidence of this was found in Iran, where a number of children receiving the oral vaccine became infected with polio, leading Iranian researchers to recommend using the killed virus in the future. ", "precise_score": 3.1486005783081055, "rough_score": 5.634205341339111, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "However, a year and a half after the Salk vaccine was introduced, a Sabin vaccine had still not yet been tested on humans. Sabin himself said, in October 1956, that \"the Salk vaccine is still the only protection against polio available to the public.\" He was hoping to be able to start tests on humans by the end of the year or by 1957. ", "precise_score": 4.036525726318359, "rough_score": 5.9389472007751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "One of the greatest challenges to mankind always has been eradicating the presence of debilitating disease. Until just thirty years ago poliomyelitis occurred in the United States and throughout the world in epidemic proportions, striking tens of thousands and killing thousands in our own country each year. Dr. Jonas E. Salk changed all that. This year we observe the 30th anniversary of the licensing and manufacturing of the vaccine discovered by this great American. Even before another successful vaccine was discovered, Dr. Salk's discovery had reduced polio and its effects by 97 percent. Today, polio is not a familiar disease to younger Americans, and many have difficulty appreciating the magnitude of the disorder that the Salk vaccine virtually wiped from the face of the Earth. ", "precise_score": 5.212526798248291, "rough_score": 6.123630523681641, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In America in the 1950s, summertime was a time of fear and anxiety for many parents; this was the season when children by the thousands became infected with the crippling disease poliomyelitis, or polio. This burden of fear was lifted forever when it was announced that Dr. Jonas Salk had developed a vaccine against the disease. Salk became world-famous overnight, but his discovery was the result of many years of painstaking research.", "precise_score": 8.485394477844238, "rough_score": 8.346211433410645, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Jonas Salk (1914-1995), developer of the polio vaccine, holding a bottle in the laboratory, mid-20th century.", "precise_score": 7.691237449645996, "rough_score": 6.513954162597656, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1947, Salk accepted an appointment to the University of Pittsburgh Medical School. While working there, with the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, Salk saw an opportunity to develop a vaccine against polio, and devoted himself to this work for the next eight years.", "precise_score": 7.63943338394165, "rough_score": 5.900954246520996, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "April 23, 1955: Dr. Jonas Salk, who developed the vaccine that is believed to have struck the death knell of polio, as he received a special citation from President Dwight David Eisenhower in the White House Rose Garden. The President praised the young doctor as a “benefactor of mankind” and said that his work was in the “highest tradition of selfless and dedicated research.” At right is Mrs. Oveta Culp Hobby, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Meanwhile, government officials and medical representatives were conferring on distributing the vaccine.", "precise_score": 7.555517673492432, "rough_score": 6.975203514099121, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk’s vaccine was composed of “killed” polio virus, which retained the ability to immunize without running the risk of infecting the patient. A few years later, a vaccine made from live polio virus was developed, which could be administered orally, while Salk’s vaccine required injection. Further, there was some evidence that the “killed” vaccine failed to completely immunize the patient. In the U.S., public health authorities elected to distribute the “live” oral vaccine instead of Salk’s. Tragically, the preparation of live virus infected some patients with the disease, rather than immunizing them. Since the introduction of the original vaccine, the few new cases of polio reported in the United States were probably caused by the “live” vaccine which was intended to prevent them. In countries where Salk’s vaccine has remained in use, the disease has been virtually eradicated.", "precise_score": 5.453800678253174, "rough_score": 6.288621425628662, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "February 25, 1975: Dr. Jonas Salk at the Jonas Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California. He was the first researcher to develop a safe and effective vaccine for polio. (Photo by Arnold Newman/Getty Images)", "precise_score": 7.671171188354492, "rough_score": 7.281386852264404, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In America in the 1950s, summertime was a time of fear and anxiety for many parents; this was the season when children by the thousands became infected with the crippling disease poliomyelitis, or polio. That burden of fear was lifted forever when it was announced that Dr. Jonas Salk had developed a vaccine against the disease. Salk became world-famous overnight, but his discovery was the result of many years of painstaking research.", "precise_score": 8.39836311340332, "rough_score": 8.357834815979004, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk went on to found the Jonas Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, where he continued his research into the causes, prevention and cure of diseases such as cancer and AIDS. Dr. Salk never patented his polio vaccine, but distributed the formula freely, so the whole world could benefit from his discovery.", "precise_score": 7.302284240722656, "rough_score": 7.936451435089111, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Jonas Salk vaccinates a child against polio. (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)", "precise_score": 7.428040504455566, "rough_score": 6.288758277893066, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Jonas Salk’s discovery of the polio vaccine made headlines all around the world. (March of Dimes Foundation)", "precise_score": 5.831435203552246, "rough_score": 5.690395355224609, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk: The work on polio went rather smoothly, because it was following a smooth and simple path. There was one episode that occurred, after field trials, when the vaccine was licensed. Within a matter of two weeks after it was in use, there was a report of cases of polio caused by the vaccine. Now, there was no such encounter in the field trial, and it was only as a result of the vaccine from one particular laboratory, but not the others. Well, this was a source of immediate concern, a terrible disappointment, a tragic disappointment. When we looked into that, it became clear immediately that this manufacturer did not follow the procedures that were set forth. It was partly because of a disregard for the new principles that were introduced in order to make sure that the vaccine would be safe, as well as effective. This was an example of disbelief that it was necessary to go through the routine that was set forth.", "precise_score": 3.1113290786743164, "rough_score": 5.359550952911377, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk: Well, it’s a good way to put the question. The oral vaccine developed by Sabin is a live vaccine. That decision, that deliberate shift in policy, was made at a time when we already knew that the vaccine-associated cases were occurring, and I had a difficulty understanding the logic of that, I must say. Was that a wise decision? Should this simply have been allowed to proceed in a natural way without declaring any preference, and let nature take its course? If you look at the story in the Scandinavian countries, where the killed-virus vaccine was used, polio has been eradicated. Here we continue to have vaccine-associated polio, even though there are parts of the world, underdeveloped countries, where the live-virus vaccine is not working and the killed-virus vaccine is being used. In Israel, just recently, they decided to use the killed-vaccine first, followed by the live vaccine. I always find policies like that really political rather than scientific. They are using the killed vaccine to make the live vaccine safe. But do you need the live vaccine to make the killed vaccine effective?", "precise_score": 4.593908309936523, "rough_score": 6.62510871887207, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "On March 26, 1953, American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio. In 1952–an epidemic year for polio–there were 58,000 new cases reported in the United States, and more than 3,000 died from the disease. For promising eventually to eradicate the disease, which is known as “infant paralysis” because it mainly affects children, Dr. Salk was celebrated as the great doctor-benefactor of his time.", "precise_score": 8.509849548339844, "rough_score": 8.281635284423828, "source": "search", "title": "Salk announces polio vaccine - Mar 26, 1953 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1954, clinical trials using the Salk vaccine and a placebo began on nearly two million American schoolchildren. In April 1955, it was announced that the vaccine was effective and safe, and a nationwide inoculation campaign began. New polio cases dropped to under 6,000 in 1957, the first year after the vaccine was widely available. In 1962, an oral vaccine developed by Polish-American researcher Albert Sabin became available, greatly facilitating distribution of the polio vaccine. Today, there are just a handful of polio cases in the United States every year, and most of these are “imported” by Americans from developing nations where polio is still a problem. Among other honors, Jonas Salk was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977. He died in La Jolla, California, in 1995.", "precise_score": 4.959954261779785, "rough_score": 5.694896221160889, "source": "search", "title": "Salk announces polio vaccine - Mar 26, 1953 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80", "precise_score": 4.668437957763672, "rough_score": 5.869513988494873, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80", "precise_score": 4.668437957763672, "rough_score": 5.869513988494873, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Jonas Salk, who in the 1950's developed the first successful vaccine against poliomyelitis, the viral illness that had gripped a fearful nation with images of children doomed to death or paralysis, died yesterday at Green Hospital in the La Jolla section of San Diego. He was 80.", "precise_score": 9.460890769958496, "rough_score": 9.616026878356934, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "As an intense 40-year-old scientist, Dr. Salk became a revered medical figure upon the announcement in 1955 that his new polio vaccine was safe and effective. It was a turning point in the fight against a disease that condemned some victims to live the rest of their lives in tanklike breathing machines called iron lungs and placed sunny swimming holes off limits to children because of parents' fears of contagion.", "precise_score": 5.486964225769043, "rough_score": 5.654313087463379, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "9) How did Jonas Salk — and other vaccine creators — deal with people who did not believe in the vaccine? \"During the period when Jonas Salk developed the inactivated polio vaccine, or IPV, there was not much opposition to vaccines,\" says Orenstein, who grew up in the Bronx. \"People were genuinely scared about polio and the annual epidemics — which during the early 1950s paralyzed more than 15,000 people each year in the U.S. IPV was viewed as a miracle. I remember being in second grade when the Salk polio vaccine was licensed and there was to be a vaccination campaign in my school. I was none too thrilled about getting 'a shot' for something I knew nothing about. I remember my mother saying to me 'Better you should cry, than I should cry.' That's how much appreciated the vaccine was.\"", "precise_score": 5.99493408203125, "rough_score": 8.127224922180176, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "American physician and epidemiologist Jonas Salk developed the first effective vaccine against poliomyelitis (polio), a crippling disease that killed more than 3,000 Americans at the epidemic's peak in 1952, and left many thousands more crippled or paralyzed. Salk began his research into polio in 1947, and tested his inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or \"killed-virus\" polio vaccine in the early 1950s. The vaccine retained enough virulence to cause antibodies to be produced and thus immunize the shot's recipient, but not enough virulence to risk infection. Salk declined to have his vaccine patented, believing that royalties and profits would raise the cost and make the medicine unavailable to the poor. The vaccine was approved for public use on 12 April 1955.", "precise_score": 9.849302291870117, "rough_score": 9.709349632263184, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine", "precise_score": 5.572905540466309, "rough_score": 6.388057708740234, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine - Eisenhower Library" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "While the global push to eradicate polio is the latest chapter in CDC’s polio efforts, the fight against polio has been part of CDC’s mission since the 1950s. Shortly after the agency’s creation, CDC established a national polio surveillance unit (PSU) headed by CDC’s Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) founder Alex Langmuir. CDC worked collaboratively with Dr. Jonas Salk, of the University of Pittsburgh, who developed the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in the early 1950s, and Dr. Albert Sabin, who developed the oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the early 1960s. CDC’s PSU staff and EIS officers worked to administer both the Salk and Sabin polio vaccines in the field, and also gather and analyze surveillance data.", "precise_score": 3.86683988571167, "rough_score": 6.135924339294434, "source": "search", "title": "CDC Global Health - Polio - Why CDC Is Involved" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Google doodle marks the 100th birth anniversary of Jonas Salk, who pioneered the first polio vaccine. Photograph: Google.com", "precise_score": 5.302731513977051, "rough_score": 6.0592732429504395, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Google doodle: a good reminder of the power of ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Aside from cell cultures, Salk needed something else to develop his vaccine: money. In 1938, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (now known as the March of Dimes Foundation ) was set up in order to raise awareness and funds for the polio epidemic in the US. As public concern about the disease grew, so too did the foundations budget – from $1.8m in 1938 to $67m in 1955 . Salk found an ally in the then-head of the NFIP, Basil O’Connor, who gladly funded the new vaccine research. But it wasn’t just polio that benefitted from the March of Dimes.", "precise_score": 5.002839088439941, "rough_score": 5.31035852432251, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Google doodle: a good reminder of the power of ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In the 1950s Salk and Sabin developed separate vaccines—one from killed virus and the other from live virus—to combat the dreaded disease polio.", "precise_score": 6.966646671295166, "rough_score": 5.886853218078613, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk became a national hero when he allayed the fear of polio with his vaccine, approved in 1955. Although it was the first polio vaccine, it was not to be the last; Albert Sabin introduced an oral vaccine in the 1960s that replaced Salk’s.", "precise_score": 6.172698020935059, "rough_score": 7.332322120666504, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In the early 1950s, 25,000 to 50,000 new cases of polio occurred each year. Jonas Salk (1914–1995) became a national hero when he allayed the fear of the dreaded disease with his polio vaccine, approved in 1955. Although it was the first polio vaccine, it was not to be the last; Albert Bruce Sabin (1906–1993) introduced an oral vaccine in the United States in the 1960s that replaced Salk’s. Although the disease was finally brought under control because of these vaccines, the science behind them fired debate that continues to this day.", "precise_score": 5.807154655456543, "rough_score": 7.572473049163818, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Courtesy Jonas Salk Polio Vaccine Collection, 1953–2005, UA.90.F89, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.", "precise_score": 3.9032280445098877, "rough_score": 5.288578987121582, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk developed methods for growing large quantities of the three types of polioviruses on cultures of monkey kidney cells. He then killed the viruses with formaldehyde. When injected into monkeys, the vaccine protected them against paralytic poliomyelitis. In 1952 Salk began testing the vaccine in humans, starting with children who had already been infected with the virus. He measured their antibody levels before vaccination and then was excited to see that the levels had been raised significantly by the vaccine. ", "precise_score": 7.661584377288818, "rough_score": 6.816107273101807, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Courtesy Jonas Salk Polio Vaccine Collection, 1953–2005, UA.90.F89, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.", "precise_score": 3.9032280445098877, "rough_score": 5.288578987121582, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Although he was the first to produce a polio vaccine, Salk did not win the Nobel Prize or become a member of the National Academy of Sciences. An object of public adulation because of his pioneering work, he spent his life trying to avoid the limelight but nevertheless endured the animosity of many of his colleagues who saw him as a “publicity hound.” In 1962 he founded the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, an enterprise initially funded with support from the March of Dimes. Salk’s own research continued, most significantly on multiple sclerosis, cancer, and AIDS. Salk spent the later years of his life committed to developing a killed-virus vaccine to prevent the development of AIDS in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus.", "precise_score": 5.926657199859619, "rough_score": 5.736705780029297, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Until 1955, when the Salk vaccine was introduced, polio was considered one of the most frightening public health problems in the world. In the postwar United States, annual epidemics were increasingly devastating. The 1952 U.S. epidemic was the worst outbreak in the nation's history. Of nearly 58,000 cases reported that year, 3,145 people died and 21,269 were left with mild to disabling paralysis,Zamula E (1991). \"A New Challenge for Former Polio Patients.\" FDA Consumer 25 (5): 21–5. [http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/CONSUMER/CON00006.html FDA.gov], Cited in Poliomyelitis [Retrieved November 14, 2009]. with most of its victims being children. The \"public reaction was to a plague\", said historian Bill O'Neal. \"Citizens of urban areas were to be terrified every summer when this frightful visitor returned.\" According to a 2009 PBS documentary, \"Apart from the atomic bomb, America's greatest fear was polio.\" As a result, scientists were in a frantic race to find a way to prevent or cure the disease. In 1938, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the world's most recognized victim of the disease, had founded the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (known as March of Dimes Foundation since 2007), an organization that would fund the development of a vaccine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.460615396499634, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk campaigned for mandatory vaccination, claiming that public health should be considered a \"moral commitment.\"Jacobs, Charlotte DeCroes. [http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2015/08/04/vaccinations-controversial-america-polio-health/31052179/ \"Vaccinations have always been controversial in America: Column\"], USA Today, August 4, 2015 His sole focus had been to develop a safe and effective vaccine as rapidly as possible, with no interest in personal profit. When asked who owned the patent to it, Salk said, \"There is no patent. Could you patent the sun?\" In 1960, he founded the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, which is today a center for medical and scientific research. He continued to conduct research and publish books, including Man Unfolding (1972), The Survival of the Wisest (1973), World Population and Human Values: A New Reality (1981), and Anatomy of Reality: Merging of Intuition and Reason (1983). Salk's last years were spent searching for a vaccine against HIV. His personal papers are stored at the University of California, San Diego Library. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.388463020324707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "When he was 13, Salk entered Townsend Harris High School, a public school for intellectually gifted students. Named after the founder of City College of New York (CCNY), it was, said Oshinsky, \"a launching pad for the talented sons of immigrant parents who lacked the money—and pedigree—to attend a top private school.\" In high school \"he was known as a perfectionist . . . who read everything he could lay his hands on,\" according to one of his fellow students. Students had to cram a four-year curriculum into just three years. As a result, most dropped out or flunked out, despite the school's motto \"study, study, study.\" Of the students who graduated, however, most would have the grades to enroll in CCNY, noted for being a highly competitive college.Oshinsky, David M. Polio: An American Story, Oxford Univ. Press (2006)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9777398109436035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "He was later approached by the director of research at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and asked whether he would like to participate in the foundation's polio project which had earlier been established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, at the time thought to be a victim of polio himself. Salk quickly accepted the offer, saying he \"would be happy to work on this important project.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.24163293838501, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Polio research", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203104019165039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Polio was a medical oddity that baffled researchers for years. It took a long time to learn that the virus was transmitted by fecal matter and secretions of the nose and throat. It entered the victim orally, established itself in the intestines, and then traveled to the brain or spinal cord.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.929944038391113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "At the start of the 20th century, during the 1914 and 1919 polio epidemics in the U.S., physicians and nurses made house-to-house searches to identify all infected persons. Children suspected of being infected were taken to hospitals and a child's family was quarantined until that child was no longer potentially infectious, even if it meant the family could not go to their child's funeral if the child died in the hospital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.979361534118652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Many famous people were polio victims; most were able to overcome their disabilities, while others were less fortunate. Itzhak Perlman, one of the world's finest violinists, was permanently disabled at age four, and still plays sitting down. Actor Donald Sutherland, President Roosevelt, writer Arthur C. Clarke, writer Robert Anton Wilson, actress Mia Farrow, singer-musician Neil Young, Olympic dressage rider Lis Hartel, actor Alan Alda, musician David Sanborn, singer Dinah Shore, singer Joni Mitchell, former Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas, director Francis Ford Coppola, nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, actor Lionel Barrymore,[http://www.disabled-world.com/artman/publish/famous-polio.shtml \"Famous People who Had and Have Polio\"] Disabled World.com and Congressman James H. Scheuer were infected. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.041655540466309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "According to American historian William O'Neill, \"Paralytic poliomyelitis (its formal name) was, if not the most serious, easily the most frightening public health problem of the postwar era.\" He noted that the epidemics kept getting worse and its victims were usually children. By 1952, it was killing more of them than was any other communicable disease. In the 20 states that reported the disease back in 1916, 27,363 cases were counted. New York alone had 9,023 cases, of which 2,448 (28%) resulted in death, and a larger number in paralysis. However, polio did not gain national attention until 1921, when Franklin D. Roosevelt, former vice presidential candidate and soon to be governor of New York, came down with a paralytic illness, diagnosed at the time as polio. At the age of 39, Roosevelt was left with severe paralysis and spent most of his presidency in a wheelchair.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.711143493652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Subsequently, as more states began recording instances of the disease, the numbers of victims grew larger. Nearly 58,000 cases of polio were reported in 1952, with 3,145 people dying and 21,269 left with mild to disabling paralysis. In some parts of the country, concern assumed almost the dimensions of panic. According to Olson, \"parents kept children home from school, avoided parks and swimming pools, and played only in small groups with the closest of friends.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.561542510986328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Cases usually increased during the summer when children were home from school. \"The public reaction was to a plague,\" noted O'Neill. \"Citizens of urban areas were to be terrified every summer when this frightful visitor returned.\" As a result, Olson points out, \"scientists were in a frantic race to find a cure.\" The famous U.S. artist Andrew Wyeth created a painting in 1948 depicting his neighbor, Christina Olson, who was crippled with polio. The painting, Christina's World, is considered his most famous work. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.119693756103516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1948, Harry Weaver, the director of research at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, which later became known as the March of Dimes, contacted Salk. He asked Salk to join the fight against polio and research/confirm how many polio types existed. At the time, scientists had discovered three and they wanted to know if there were more types. Although this type of polio research would be repetitious, boring, and time-consuming the foundation agreed to pay for additional space including equipment and researchers. Once the research was finished Salk would be able to keep the facilities and continue his previous work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.673377275466919, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Oshinsky writes that as \"headlines screamed, 'Polio Scourge,' 'Polio Panic', and 'Polio's Deadly Path',\" parents \"faced a dilemma\" and a feeling of personal helplessness in the midst of an \"apparently runaway epidemic.\" Their \"postwar culture was being turned upside down\" as polio became the \"crack in the fantasy\" of a suburban home \"bursting with children.\" Parents began to see that there would be an alternative, however: \"Since worry did no good and quarantine seemed fruitless, parents might best protect their children by helping others to discover a vaccine against polio, and, perhaps, even a cure.\" The public soon realized that this kind of research demanded \"big money\" and an \"army of devoted volunteers\", but Salk was determined to make it over this barrier.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.342215538024902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The fight against polio did not really get under way until 1938 when the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis was born. The Foundation was headed by Basil O'Connor who was the former law partner of President Roosevelt, the U.S.'s most famous polio victim. That same year, the first March of Dimes fundraising program was set up, with radio networks offering free 30-second slots for promotion. Listeners were asked to send in a dime and the White House received 2,680,000 letters within days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.567207336425781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "As the fear of polio increased each year funds to combat it increased from $1.8 million to $67 million by 1955. Research continued during those years, but, writes O'Neill, \"everything scientists believed about polio at first was wrong which lead them down many blind alleys . . . furthermore, most researchers were experimenting with highly dangerous 'live' vaccines. In one test, six children were killed and three left crippled.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.64685344696045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In November 1953, at a conference in New York's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, he said, \"I will be personally responsible for the vaccine.\" He announced that his wife and three sons had been among the first volunteers to be inoculated with his vaccine. Jonas Salk tested the vaccine on about one million children, who were known as the polio pioneers. This testing started in 1954, and the vaccine was announced as safe on April 12, 1955.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5463273525238037, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "As a result of Salk's preliminary results in 1954, \"when polio was destroying more American children than any other communicable disease, his vaccine was ready for field testing.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.047728061676025, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "According to medical author Paul Offit, \"more Americans had participated in the funding, development, and testing of the polio vaccine than had participated in the nomination and election of the president.\" At least 100 million people had contributed to the March of Dimes, and seven million had donated their time and labor, as well. They included fund-raisers, committee workers, and volunteers at clinics and record centers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.589437484741211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Doris Fleischer, a disability historian, noted that O'Connor was willing to take whatever risks necessary to serve the purposes of the foundation. She writes, \"When O'Connor realized that success seemed imminent, he allowed the foundation to go into debt to finance the final research required to develop the Salk vaccine. His 'passionate' devotion to this task became almost 'obsessive' when his daughter, a mother of five, told him that she had contracted the illness, saying, 'I've gotten some of your polio.'\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9103482365608215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk’s new vaccine was transformed by Alan John Beale’s team, based in England, into something which could be manufactured on the enormous scale which the widespread threat of poliomyelitis required. Within minutes of Francis's declaration that the vaccine was safe and effective, the news of the event was carried coast to coast by wire services and radio and television newscasts. According to Debbie Bookchin, \"across the nation there were spontaneous celebrations... business came to a halt as the news spread. The mayor of New York City interrupted a city council meeting to announce the news, adding, 'I think we are all quite proud that Dr. Salk is a graduate of City College.'\" \"By the next morning\", writes Bookchin, \"politicians around the country were falling over themselves trying to figure out ways they could congratulate Salk, with several suggesting special medals and honors be awarded.... In the Eisenhower White House, plans were already afoot to present Salk a special presidential medal designating him \"a benefactor of mankind\" in a Rose Garden ceremony.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.136627674102783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Six months before Salk's announcement, optimism and hope were so widespread, the Polio Fund in the U.S. had already contracted to purchase enough of the Salk vaccine to immunize 9,000,000 children and pregnant women the following year. And around the world, the official news prompted an immediate international rush to vaccinate. Medical historian Debbie Bookchin writes, \"Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, West Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Belgium all announced plans to either immediately begin polio immunization campaigns using Salk's vaccine or to gear up to quickly do so. \"Overnight\", she adds, \"Salk had become an international hero and a household name. His vaccine was a modern medical miracle.\"Bookchin, Debbie, and Schumacher, Jim. The Virus and the Vaccine, Macmillan (2004) ISBN 0-312-34272-1 Because Salk was the first to prove that a 'killed'-virus could prevent polio, medical historian Paul Offit wrote in 2007 that \"for this observation alone, Salk should have been awarded the Nobel Prize. Virologist Isabel Morgan had earlier shown and published that a 'killed'-virus could prevent polio, although she did not test her vaccines on humans. Morgan's work, nonetheless, was a key link in the chain of progress toward the killed-virus polio vaccine for humans later developed and tested by Salk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.806869029998779, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "By the summer of 1957, over two years later, 100 million doses had been distributed throughout the United States and \"reported complications following their administration have been remarkably rare\", noted the scientists at the International Polio Conference in Geneva. Scientists from other nations reported similar experiences: Denmark, for example, \"reported only a few sporadic cases among the 2,500,000 ... who received the vaccine.\" Australia reported virtually no polio during her past summer season. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.981365203857422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Other countries where the vaccine was not yet in use suffered continued epidemics, however. In 1957, Hungary, for example, reported a severe epidemic requiring emergency international assistance. By the first half of the year, it had 713 reported cases and a death rate of 6.6%, and the peak infection months of summer were still ahead. Canada sent a shipment of vaccine to Hungary by a refrigerated plane, and Britain and Sweden sent iron lungs. A few years later, during a polio outbreak in Canada, \"masked bandits\" stole 75,000 Salk vaccine shots from a Montreal university research center. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.483640193939209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1988, numerous international medical organizations launched a campaign to eradicate polio globally, as had been successfully done for smallpox. By 2003, polio had been eradicated in all but a few countries, among them Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and PakistanBrown, Lester. World on the Edge, W.W. Norton (2011) p. 92 However, mullahs in northern Nigeria began to oppose the vaccination program, claiming that it was a plot to spread AIDS and sterility, and prevented any vaccination. Polio cases in Nigeria tripled over the next three years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.676557540893555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Environmental scientist Lester Brown speculates that Nigerian Muslims may have spread the disease to Muslims of other polio-free countries during their annual pilgrimage to Mecca, in Saudi Arabia. With these same fears, Saudi Arabian officials imposed a polio vaccination requirement on certain visitors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.726764678955078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In Pakistan in 2007, opposition was violent to vaccinations in the Northwest Frontier Province, where a doctor and a health worker in the polio eradication program were killed. Since then, the Taliban has blocked all vaccinations in the Swat Valley of Pakistan. As a result, Pakistan was the only country in 2010 to record an increase in cases of polio, according to the WHO, along with having the highest incidence of polio in the world. Meanwhile, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has spent $1.5 billion, plans to spend another $1.8 billion through 2018 to help eradicate the virus. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.863582611083984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Just two weeks after the vaccine was announced, Senator Hubert H. Humphrey (Democrat, Minnesota) urged President Dwight D. Eisenhower \"to show the nation's gratitude to Dr. Jonas E. Salk for his new polio vaccine by 'loosening the purse-strings' on federal medical research.\" Salk knew it would take time to verify his theories and improve the vaccine. \"He still wants to find out a number of things about polio\", wrote The New York Times that summer. Questions remained: \"How long will the immunity last? Are there any children who cannot be immunized? What improvements can be made?\" Beyond that, \"he has far bigger goals—'more in the nature of dreams right now'—involving other diseases.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.1319804191589355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Over the next few years, while trying to perfect the polio vaccine, Salk had begun working unannounced, on a cure for cancer. A 1958 article in The New York Times confirmed \"that he had been conducting experiments on cancer patients.\" The news was leaked after a Pittsburgh newspaper, the Sun-Telegraph, reported that he had been giving injections to children suffering from cancer. Salk stated afterwards, \"It is true that we have been conducting experiments in many persons with a variety of cancer and cancer-like conditions ... but we have no treatment for cancer. Our studies are of a strictly exploratory nature...\" In 1965, he also said \"a vaccine for the common cold is a matter of time and of solving some technical problems.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.929086923599243, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Final conquest of polio and the Sabin vaccine controversy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.975516319274902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Years before the Salk vaccine was officially announced as safe, Dr. Albert Sabin had joined in the search for a vaccine, using a 'live'-virus, as opposed to Salk's 'killed'-virus. Sabin, however, had been \"openly hostile to Salk.\" Debbie Bookchin writes that he had been \"perhaps accurately guessing that Salk was about to challenge him for ascendancy in the polio world.\" After one presentation that Salk made to a medical conference, \"Sabin mounted a full-scale offensive, engaging in a piecemeal demolition of his presentation.\" However, the National Foundation \"swiftly put its full weight behind Salk. Here, finally, was a polio researcher, they said, who had accomplished something.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.6658380031585693, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "By 1962, polio had become almost extinct, with only 910 cases reported that year—down from 37,476 in 1954. \"It's a matter of principle\", Salk said. \"It is not a Salk versus Sabin controversy, a competition between two people... I had worked with influenza viruses, helping to establish the efficacy of a 'killed'-virus vaccine... I demonstrated that it could be 100% effective if the quantity of virus in the vaccine was sufficient.\" That same year, the state of New York's Health Department recommended \"that the Salk vaccine be given preference over the Sabin oral vaccine...\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5885422229766846, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "On October 20, 1998, after 18 years of using the Sabin vaccine, however, the federal government recommended that children use the Salk vaccine exclusively. Sabin's polio vaccine is no longer available in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1870336532592773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "While Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is not recommended by the CDC, its website explained that Sabin's OPV is more suited to areas where polio is endemic, because of \"its advantages over IPV [Inactivated Polio Vaccine] in providing intestinal immunity and providing secondary spread of the vaccine to unprotected contacts.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.09657096862793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "On January 4, 2013, the World Health Organization called for the Sabin OPV, which contains the type 2 strain of poliovirus, to be phased out as soon as possible; although the type 2 strain has been eradicated in the wild, vaccine-derived strains still circulate in polio-endemic nations. A different OPV would continue to be administered, protecting against types 1 and 3, which are both still endemic in the wild in Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The WHO also called for the rapid introduction of the Salk IPV, which will be used along with OPV during a transition period. Once types 1 and 3 cease to be endemic, the OPV will be phased out, and the Salk vaccine will be used exclusively. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9826136827468872, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In September 1962, public health officials in the U.S. and Canada faced a \"major dilemma\": whether to continue using the recently begun Sabin vaccine inoculations until further studies were conducted, due to reports of polio cases among persons who had received it. The U.S. Surgeon General, Luther Terry, recommended a temporary halt due to 16 cases of confirmed polio in adults. And \"the Canadian Federal Health Department recommended against mass use of the [Sabin] oral vaccine pending further study of its effects.\" One of the unfortunate results caused by the controversy was that \"many authorities have deplored the confusion that has been created in the public mind.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.298578262329102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Due to the American Medical Association's (AMA) \"obstructive tactics, however, which caused numerous delays\", writes O'Neill, the AMA had called for mass vaccinations in early 1962 employing Sabin's vaccine rather than Salk's. However, writes O'Neill, \"as 'live'-virus was more dangerous, it caused an unknown number of polio cases... [but] the medical establishment seemed not to mind, having gotten its own way at last.\" But, concludes O'Neill, \"polio was conquered all the same, even if not so quickly and safely as it might have been.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.694551944732666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Infantile Paralysis", "passage": "Two months after the Salk vaccine was announced to the world, in 1955, Basil O'Connor found it necessary to respond to critics of the vaccine, especially Dr. Sabin. As the President of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, he said, during a news conference before a congressional group in Washington, that \"criticism of the Salk vaccine program by Dr. Albert Sabin of the University of Cincinnati was 'old stuff'.\" According to The New York Times, \"Dr. Sabin recommended at a hearing before a House investigating subcommittee that Salk inoculations be suspended\" until a safer preparation could be perfected. O'Connor responded in a prepared statement:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6845226287841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "\"He's been using it [criticism] for years. He used it in an attempt to stop the field trials of the Salk vaccine... The Salk vaccine is safe and effective and will protect children from paralytic polio to the extent of 60 to 90 percent... In the United States, Canada and Denmark, 7,675,000 children have actually received the Salk vaccine with no untoward results. There could be no better proof of its safety than this. No vaccine in the history of the world has ever had such a test for safety. Anyone who would seek to prevent its use for other than unanswerable scientific reasons would be acting neither as a scientist nor as a humanitarian....", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.9009294509887695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1955, Cutter Laboratories was one of several companies licensed by the United States government to produce Salk's polio vaccine. In what came to be known as the Cutter incident, a production error caused some lots of the Cutter vaccine to be tainted with live polio virus. It was one of the worst pharmaceutical disasters in U.S. history and caused several thousand children to be exposed to live polio virus, causing 56 cases of paralytic polio and five deaths. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8255672454833984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "On April 12, 1965, leaders of the Senate and House presented Salk with a joint resolution expressing the nation's gratitude to him, his colleagues in the project, and the March of Dimes, which helped to finance the work. President Lyndon B. Johnson called him to the White House to congratulate him personally. Dr. Luther Terry, Surgeon General of the United States, said in a statement marking the anniversary that only 121 cases of polio were reported the previous year, as opposed to more than 28,000 ten years before. \"This represents an historic triumph of preventive medicine—unparalleled in history\", Dr. Terry said.Clark, Evert. [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.136775970458984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk+Receives+Thanks+of+nation&st=p \"Salk Receives Thanks of Nation For 'Triumph' of Polio Vaccine\"], The New York Times, April 13, 1965", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4036160707473755, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Infantile Paralysis", "passage": "Salk preferred not to have his career as a scientist affected by too much personal attention, as he had always tried to remain independent and private in his research and life, but this proved to be impossible. \"Young man, a great tragedy has befallen you—you've lost your anonymity\", the television personality Ed Murrow said to Salk shortly after the onslaught of media attention. When Murrow asked him, \"Who owns this patent?\", Salk replied, \"No one. Could you patent the sun?\" The vaccine is calculated to be worth $7 billion had it been patented. However, lawyers from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis did look into the possibility of a patent, but ultimately determined that the vaccine was not a patentable invention because of prior art. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.384198188781738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Although many advances have been made in treating AIDS, \"the world still waited for the miracle vaccine the conqueror of polio had sought\", wrote historian Alan Axelrod. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.366277694702148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "*1957, the Municipal Hospital building, where Salk conducted his polio research at the University of Pittsburgh, is renamed Jonas Salk Hall and is home to the University's School of Pharmacy and Dentistry. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8195159435272217, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "*1958, elected to the Polio Hall of Fame, which was dedicated in Warm Springs, Georgia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.365592956542969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": ":\"Because of Doctor Jonas E. Salk, our country is free from the cruel epidemics of poliomyelitis that once struck almost yearly. Because of his tireless work, untold hundreds of thousands who might have been crippled are sound in body today. These are Doctor Salk's true honors, and there is no way to add to them. This Medal of Freedom can only express our gratitude, and our deepest thanks.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0961203575134277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "*2012, October 24, in honor of his birthday, has been named \"World Polio Day\", and was originated by Rotary International over a decade earlier. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.217631340026855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "*In early 2009, the American Public Broadcasting Service aired its new documentary film, American Experience: The Polio Crusade.[http://articles.latimes.com/2009/feb/02/entertainment/et-polio2 \"American Experience: The Polio Crusade\"] Los Angeles Times, Television Review, February 2, 2009 The documentary, available on DVD, can also be [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/polio/player/ viewed online].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369357109069824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "*In 2014, actor and director Robert Redford, who was once struck with a mild case of polio when he was a child, directed a documentary about the Salk Institute in La Jolla. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.874307632446289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jonas Salk" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "While attending medical school at New York University, Salk was invited to spend a year researching influenza. The virus that causes flu had only recently been discovered, and the young Salk was eager to learn if the virus could be deprived of its ability to infect, while still giving immunity to the illness. Salk succeeded in this attempt, which became the basis of his later work on polio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.98885178565979, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1955, Salk’s years of research paid off. Human trials of the polio vaccine effectively protected the subject from the polio virus. When news of the discovery was made public on April 12, 1955, Salk was hailed as a miracle worker. He further endeared himself to the public by refusing to patent the vaccine. He had no desire to profit personally from the discovery, but merely wished to see the vaccine disseminated as widely as possible.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.9265666007995605, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "How did your work with the polio vaccine come about?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031145095825195, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk: After my internship, in ’42, I went to Ann Arbor, Michigan. I was there until ’47, then went on to Pittsburgh, to be somewhat independent of my mentor. The opportunity in Pittsburgh was something that others did not see, and I was advised against doing something as foolish as that because there was so little there. However, I did see that there was an opportunity to do two things. One was to continue the work I was doing on influenza, and two, to begin to work on polio. That was a very modest beginning.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2036354541778564, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Within a few months after I arrived in Pittsburgh, I was visited by the director of research of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, asking if I would be willing to participate in a program on typing polio viruses. I’d had no experience in working with polio, but this provided me with an opportunity, just as the work on influenza did. So I seized upon that opportunity. It gave me a chance to get funds, to get laboratory facilities, to get equipment, to hire staff, and to build up something that was not there. It also would provide me with an opportunity to learn about how you work with the polio virus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.109278678894043, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The principle that I tried to establish was really that it was not necessary to run the risk of infection, which would have been the case if one were to try to develop an attenuated or weakened polio virus vaccine. And so it seemed to me the safer and more certain way to proceed. That if we could inactivate the virus that we could move on to a vaccine very quickly. Whereas, if you were dealing with weakened virus, you would have to demonstrate its safety eventually. So that was the reasoning and there was a principle that was involved. You might say a scientific principle, a fundamental principle: choosing and preferring that which — the safety which you could control, and the quantities which you could use. So that this is, in a way, a more scientific approach. Trying to work like nature, instead of imitating nature.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0862455368042, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "And, then we determined the parameters within which, in terms of dose and quantity and duration and persistence, and what kind of immunity, if an immune response was required. And that way, I began to develop an understanding of the principles of vaccinology as applied to polio miletus as well as influenza. So, that was the attitude that prevailed at that time. It was not simply empirical. It was a theoretical experimental approach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.919879913330078, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "There are three stages of truth. First, is that it can’t be true, and that’s what they said. You couldn’t immunize against polio with a killed-virus vaccine. Second phase, they say, “Well, if it’s true, it’s not very important.” And the third stage is, “Well, we’ve known it all along.” What you are describing is the process that you have to go through when you come up with an idea that has not yet been tried or tested. While it is true that this involves personalities, it also involves different ways of seeing. It was not a matter of a popularity contest, it was not a matter of anything other than that my curiosity drove me to find out whether it could work or not.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.637840270996094, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "When you were working on the polio vaccine, was there a moment of discovery, or a moment of realization?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.352725982666016, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Did such a thing happen during the studies with the polio vaccine?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969264030456543, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Salk vaccinates a child against polio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1902315616607666, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Salk’s discovery of the polio vaccine made headlines the world over.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.26147198677063, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "How prevalent was polio when you began your research? It’s hard for people growing up now to get a feeling for what the world was like then? Who was it striking? How was it spreading?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34999942779541, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk: Poliomyelitis struck first at infants. That was why it was initially called infantile paralysis. But as hygienic conditions improved, the virus spread in the population in a different way than it did when hygienic conditions were poor. When hygienic conditions were poor, many infants died of diarrheal diseases. In the course of the infection that was spread that way, perhaps by exposure to sewage and unclean environments, they would very likely acquire the poliomyelitis virus infection, which, if it occurred in the first six months of life, would protect them against paralysis because of maternal antibody. After maternal antibody was lost, and the infection was acquired after six months of life, then paralysis would ensue. So at first it was an infection that would occur within the first six months to a year of life, or two or three years of life. But as time went on and hygienic conditions improved, they were spared the infantile infection, but were exposed later when paralysis could occur.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.792592525482178, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Many polio victims were forced to spend the rest of their lives in iron lung devices like these. (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214422225952148, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "President Franklin Roosevelt, himself a victim of polio, meets with March of Dimes executive Basil O’Connor. (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.258379936218262, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Everyone at that time had their minds set on how they thought the problem ought to be dealt with, whether it was influenza or poliomyelitis or now even the work on AIDS. That’s a characteristic of what I like to call the “evolutionary process.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270501136779785, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk: Yes, there were. I suddenly found myself being treated like a public figure, or a hero. I was no longer able to use my time altogether at my own discretion, but I made every effort to do so. And before not too long, things quieted down. From that point of view, it was a unique experience, not to be repeated again. It was not unlike the ending of a war, if you like. People often say they remember two things. They remember the polio episode and they remember Jack Kennedy’s assassination. That is how these two things associate in the minds of people. That was the mood of the country and the world at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0838122367858887, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Even today, there is debate about the vaccines. There was widespread use of Sabin’s vaccine, beginning in the ’60s, until very recently. As you know, it’s been proven to be the leading cause of polio in this country. Did the AMA (American Medical Association) make a mistake in endorsing Sabin’s vaccine?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.229890823364258, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Elvis Presley receives the polio vaccine. (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.561281204223633, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "I predict that — in order to eradicate polio from the population so that you don’t have to immunize against polio anymore, because you have eliminated the virus from the natural reservoir — the killed virus vaccine will have to be used. It now is possible with fewer doses to produce uniform protection that is life-long. It wasn’t believed to be so by others; I knew it was. So many assertions were made to discredit the use of the inactive virus vaccine which had no basis in scientific reality.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.727222442626953, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "It’s another place that I learned about the human side of science, the human side of nature. I’ve learned a lot, not only about the immune system, but about human systems. I have come to appreciate how the evolutionary process works. I see evolution as error making and error correction. Whatever errors were made are going to be corrected. In my own judgment, if they had not taken that position at that time, polio would have been eradicated from the United States much sooner. In a matter of just a few years, the incidence of the disease was reduced by 95 percent. The remainder would have been taken care of simply with time. The idea of shifting from one preparation to another had reasons that were beyond the realm of science.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.873008728027344, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Jonas Salk: It was not founding my own institute, just to put it into perspective. In the mid-’50s, soon after the work on polio was done, I put it then, “All of the problems of man would not be solved in the laboratory.” Which was another way of saying that there is a human dimension to science. From what you’ve already heard, or what we’ve already talked about, you gather that I’ve had experiences that led me to that strong conviction. I also saw the need for fundamental studies in biology to help give us the basic background on which to understand about the problems of cancer, for example, or autoimmune disease.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.329485893249512, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Biography -- Academy of Achievement" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk announces polio vaccine - Mar 26, 1953 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1662747859954834, "source": "search", "title": "Salk announces polio vaccine - Mar 26, 1953 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk announces polio vaccine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.008907437324524, "source": "search", "title": "Salk announces polio vaccine - Mar 26, 1953 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Polio, a disease that has affected humanity throughout recorded history, attacks the nervous system and can cause varying degrees of paralysis. Since the virus is easily transmitted, epidemics were commonplace in the first decades of the 20th century. The first major polio epidemic in the United States occurred in Vermont in the summer of 1894, and by the 20th century thousands were affected every year. In the first decades of the 20th century, treatments were limited to quarantines and the infamous “iron lung,” a metal coffin-like contraption that aided respiration. Although children, and especially infants, were among the worst affected, adults were also often afflicted, including future president Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1921 was stricken with polio at the age of 39 and was left partially paralyzed. Roosevelt later transformed his estate in Warm Springs, Georgia, into a recovery retreat for polio victims and was instrumental in raising funds for polio-related research and the treatment of polio patients.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.182967185974121, "source": "search", "title": "Salk announces polio vaccine - Mar 26, 1953 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk, born in New York City in 1914, first conducted research on viruses in the 1930s when he was a medical student at New York University, and during World War II helped develop flu vaccines. In 1947, he became head of a research laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh and in 1948 was awarded a grant to study the polio virus and develop a possible vaccine. By 1950, he had an early version of his polio vaccine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.541339874267578, "source": "search", "title": "Salk announces polio vaccine - Mar 26, 1953 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk’s procedure, first attempted unsuccessfully by American Maurice Brodie in the 1930s, was to kill several strains of the virus and then inject the benign viruses into a healthy person’s bloodstream. The person’s immune system would then create antibodies designed to resist future exposure to poliomyelitis. Salk conducted the first human trials on former polio patients and on himself and his family, and by 1953 was ready to announce his findings. This occurred on the CBS national radio network on the evening of March 25 and two days later in an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Dr. Salk became an immediate celebrity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.3096237182617188, "source": "search", "title": "Salk announces polio vaccine - Mar 26, 1953 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In the five years before 1955, when mass inoculations with the vaccine began, cases of paralytic polio averaged about 25,000 a year in the United States. A few years after polio vaccination became routine, the annual number of cases dropped to a dozen or so, sometimes fewer. In 1969 not a single death from polio was reported in the nation, the first such year on record, and now the disease is on the verge of being eradicated worldwide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.447989463806152, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Success against polio was a critical event in the dawning of the modern era of vaccine development, which has been marked by effective preventatives against a broad range of other infectious diseases, including influenza, measles, mumps and rubella.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8723092079162598, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Paralytic polio was known as early as the time of ancient Egypt. In America it was never as widespread a disease as influenza or measles. In the 1920's, 30's and 40's, however, outbreaks of the disease came, increasingly, in frightening epidemics. Many children and young adults died, were crippled or paralyzed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.583879470825195, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Some expected the decade of the 1950's to be even worse, and in the epidemic of 1952, the worst on record, nearly 58,000 cases of polio were reported in the United States; more than 3,000 died of the disease.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.788674354553223, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The turning point in the battle against polio was probably the day, April 12, 1955, when Dr. Thomas Francis Jr. of the University of Michigan announced at a news conference in Ann Arbor the successful results of a field trial in which 440,000 American children had been injected with Dr. Salk's new vaccine. The $7.5 million project was the climactic effort of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, which later changed its focus to birth defects and became the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5275841951370239, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In the light of earlier, smaller test projects, the polio vaccine had seemed likely to be safe and highly effective. The big field trial, which involved more than one million people including its control population, proved that it was worthy of the nation's hopes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.280847549438477, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "But the successful development of a polio vaccine also led to a long scientific debate over the relative merits of Dr. Salk's version, which used killed virus, and one developed later by Dr. Albert Sabin that used live virus. The Sabin vaccine, which is taken orally, eventually entirely supplanted the Salk vaccine in the United States, and a sharp rivalry persisted between the two scientists throughout their lives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.194879055023193, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1942 Dr. Salk went to the University of Michigan on a National Research Council fellowship to study the influenza virus with Dr. Francis, an internationally known virologist. That work led him, after little more than a decade, to the conquest of polio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4786006808280945, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "When the University of Pittsburgh expanded its virus research program after World War II, Dr. Salk joined their staff and soon became director of virus research. There his scientific interests moved gradually from influenza virus to the urgent effort to develop a polio vaccine. There had been efforts to produce such a vaccine before the war, but some had caused paralysis instead of preventing it. Those failures had dampened the enthusiasm of many public health experts. But polio seemed to be on the increase, and some means of coping with the disease was acutely needed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8672330379486084, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Salk's concentrated efforts against polio began when he was part of a team assigned to survey polio viruses throughout the United States to see how many varieties could be linked to the disease in humans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.0129241943359375, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The research showed unequivocally that a vaccine would have to include three distinct types of polio virus, but no more. Many other viruses known to be related to polio could be ignored in fighting the disease. The three polio virus strains were known originally as the Brunhilde, Lansing and Leon strains but are now known simply as polio virus types I, II and III.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.698644638061523, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "A crucial factor in the ultimate success of polio vaccine was earlier research at Harvard University on methods of growing viruses in animal-cell tissue cultures in the laboratory. Dr. John Enders of Harvard later won a Nobel Prize for the work. The Salk vaccine virus was grown on monkey kidney cells, then inactivated, or killed, by formaldehyde.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.574394941329956, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Salk was often described by associates as a hard-working, tough-minded scientist who was coolly confident of the points he had hammered out in painstaking scientific experiments. During his research on polio vaccine he was conscious of being a younger scientist, sometimes a dissenter from the wisdom of his more experienced elders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.931138277053833, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Shortly after the Salk vaccine came into use, a manufacturing error left live virus in one batch. Several cases of polio resulted and use of the vaccine was halted until the explanation was found and corrective measures taken.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7056822776794434, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "After the polio vaccine was proved successful in the field trials, Dr. Salk became a hero to the public. An opinion poll ranked him roughly between Churchill and Gandhi as a revered figure of modern history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4945180416107178, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The live virus vaccine promised lifetime immunity, while the original Salk vaccine did not. But Dr. Salk never lost faith in killed virus polio vaccine and continued to champion its cause all his life. On several occasions he pointed out that the live virus vaccine did, on rare occasions, produce the disease as well as immunity, while the killed virus vaccine, properly made, carried no such risk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.182384490966797, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Dr. Salk came to believe that it was the force of evolution that guided him in the early 1950's to reject the common wisdom and develop a polio vaccine using killed viruses instead of live ones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.278761386871338, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Turned Tide on Polio, Dies at 80" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR History Dept. : NPR", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.744161605834961, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.167585372924805, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Iron lungs in a polio ward, undated. Corbis hide caption", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360729217529297, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Iron lungs in a polio ward, undated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356207847595215, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Tens of thousands of Americans — in the first half of the 20th century — were stricken by poliomyelitis. Polio, as it's known, is a disease that attacks the central nervous system and often leaves its victims partially or fully paralyzed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.547416687011719, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The hallmarks of the Polio Era were children on crutches and in iron lungs, shuttered swimming pools, theaters warning moviegoers to not sit too close to one another.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.174189567565918, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "A nurse prepares children for a polio vaccine shot as part of citywide testing of the vaccine on elementary school students in Pittsburgh in 1954. Bettmann/CORBIS hide caption", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.668729782104492, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "A nurse prepares children for a polio vaccine shot as part of citywide testing of the vaccine on elementary school students in Pittsburgh in 1954.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.784379005432129, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Think of it: Between 1937 and 1997, Post-Polio Health International estimates in one table, more than 457,000 people in the U.S. — and hundreds of thousands more around the world — suffered from some form of polio. Thousands and thousands were paralyzed in this country alone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.15779972076416, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Within two years of the 1955 announcement, U.S. polio cases dropped 85 to 90 percent, Joe Palca of NPR reported .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.260497093200684, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "David M. Oshinsky , 70, is a history professor at New York University and director of the Division of Medical Humanities at the NYU-Langone Medical Center. His book, Polio: An American Story, won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for History. Walter A. Orenstein , 67, is a professor of medicine, pediatrics and global health at Emory University. He is also associate director of the Emory Vaccine Center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.342866897583008, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "1) When was the polio epidemic at its worst in the United States? \"Polio was at its height in the early 1950s,\" says Oshinsky, \"just as the Salk vaccine was tested and found to be 'safe, effective and potent.' \"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9593850374221802, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "2) How was the public responding — what precautions were people taking, what myths were being circulated? \"The public was horribly and understandably frightened by polio,\" says Oshinsky, who grew up in Queens, N.Y. \"There was no prevention and no cure. Everyone was at risk, especially children. There was nothing a parent could do to protect the family. I grew up in this era. Each summer, polio would come like The Plague. Beaches and pools would close — because of the fear that the poliovirus was waterborne. Children had to say away from crowds, so they often were banned from movie theaters, bowling alleys, and the like. My mother gave us all a 'polio test' each day: Could we touch our toes and put our chins to our chest? Every stomach ache or stiffness caused a panic. Was it polio? I remember the awful photos of children on crutches, in wheelchairs and iron lungs. And coming back to school in September to see the empty desks where the children hadn't returned.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.933833122253418, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "3) What cultural changes occurred in America as a result of the polio outbreaks and as a result of its cure? \"Rumors spread that soft drinks were responsible — or too much rain or heat,\" Oshinsky says. \"In some places people stopped handling paper money and refused to shake hands. But mostly people mobilized to fight the disease by raising money for the March of Dimes, which promised us a life-saving protective vaccine. And, in the end, it gave us two vaccines — the injected killed-virus version of Jonas Salk and the oral live-virus version of Albert Sabin.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.849795341491699, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "4) How was the country different before — and after — the polio scares? \"Word that the Salk vaccine was successful set off one of the greatest celebrations in modern American history,\" Oshinsky remembers. \"The date was April 12, 1955 — the announcement came from Ann Arbor, Mich. Church bells tolled, factory whistles blew. People ran into the streets weeping. President Eisenhower invited Jonas Salk to the White House, where he choked up while thanking Salk for saving the world's children — an iconic moment, the height of America's faith in research and science. Vaccines became a natural part of pediatric care.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.32914400100708, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "6) What did Albert Sabin contribute to eradication of the disease? \"Sabin couldn't test his oral live-virus vaccine in the U.S. because so many kids were already vaccinated with the Salk vaccine,\" Oshinky explains. \"So, in one of the great stories of the Cold War era, he was allowed to go to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to test there. They lined up close to 70 million children — the glories of repressive police states — and the results were fantastic. The Sabin vaccine was extremely effective, giving the world two terrific vaccines against polio.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1625609397888184, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "7) What are the chances that polio will return to the U.S. or that something as serious will reach such critical epidemic levels? \"The chances of a return of polio to the U.S. are slim although not zero,\" says Walter A. Orenstein. \"The main reason is the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). When it began in 1988, there were an estimated 350,000 persons paralyzed by polio in that year alone. In contrast, in 2014, there were only 359 cases, a greater than 99 percent reduction. In 1988, there were 125 countries considered endemic for polio. In other words, these countries had continuous circulation of polioviruses. In 2014, only three countries are considered endemic: Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria. What would put the U.S. at greatest risk is failure to complete eradication and, even worse, a backing-off of the efforts to contain the virus, in which case there would likely be a global resurgence. Working in partnership with the GPEI is the best way to eliminate the risk for a return of polio to the U.S.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.925960540771484, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "8) How can we prevent it? \"As long as polioviruses circulate anywhere,\" Orenstein says, \"there is the potential that the virus can be exported to the U.S. The best way to reduce that risk is to ensure our population is fully immunized in accordance with recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and in addition, travelers to areas where polio is endemic or epidemic should receive at least one additional dose of vaccine. Long-term residents of 'polio exporting countries' — that is, countries which have exported poliovirus in recent years — should receive a dose of polio vaccine at least four weeks prior to travel outside of the country and no more than 12 months prior to travel.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.038390159606934, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Polio Pioneer Helps Survivors Hold On To Strength", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216568946838379, "source": "search", "title": "Defeating Polio, The Disease That Paralyzed America : NPR ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Executive summary: Discoverer of the first polio vaccine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.36269474029541, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Salk's finding made him a celebrity far beyond scientific circles, and led to complaints from colleagues that he had overrated his own contribution to the effort. His work was also deemed controversial because it had been lavishly funded by the March of Dimes' brilliant advertising campaign, far in excess of more common diseases including cancer and heart disease. All controversy aside, however, the vaccine created by Salk and his team reduced the instance of polio among American children by more than 90%, a decline that accelerated with the introduction of Albert Sabin 's \"live-virus\" oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in the 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.848779678344727, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The 1950s are often considered to be a safe and quiet decade when American families moved to the suburbs, drove large modern automobiles, and enjoyed a stable and prosperous economy. But beneath this tranquil scene, parents faced a great fear -- the dreaded poliomyelitis, or polio, as it is commonly known. The disease had killed over thirteen hundred Americans (a large percentage were children) and crippled more than eighteen thousand in the year 1954 alone. On April 12, 1955, American received the much-welcomed news that Dr. Jonas Salk had developed a vaccine against the frightening disease. Immediately, the federal government implemented a plan to have the vaccine produced by six licensed pharmaceutical companies and distributed to children throughout the country.  Within one year, the deaths attributed to polio declined by 50 per cent, and this downward trend continues to the present when polio has been totally eradicated in most of the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.342512607574463, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine - Eisenhower Library" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "CDC Global Health - Polio - Why CDC Is Involved", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463348388671875, "source": "search", "title": "CDC Global Health - Polio - Why CDC Is Involved" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The Early Years of CDC’s Fight against Polio", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.67578411102295, "source": "search", "title": "CDC Global Health - Polio - Why CDC Is Involved" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Sustaining Eradication of Polio in the U.S.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.885734558105469, "source": "search", "title": "CDC Global Health - Polio - Why CDC Is Involved" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "These landmark vaccination and surveillance efforts along with subsequent national mass Salk and Sabin vaccination programs—in which CDC epidemiologists continued to administer vaccine and conduct disease surveillance—led to the eradication of polio in the U.S. by 1979. We are now on the verge of eradicating the disease worldwide. Meanwhile, continued protection from polio in the U.S. depends on maintaining the impressive and historically high rate of polio vaccination. People at greatest risk include those who never had polio vaccine, or received all recommended doses, as well as those traveling to areas with polio cases. As long as polio remains in the world, vaccination will be necessary for full protection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.060483548790216446, "source": "search", "title": "CDC Global Health - Polio - Why CDC Is Involved" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "\"Scenarios for polio being introduced into the United States are easy to imagine, and the disease could get a foothold if we don’t maintain high vaccination rates,\" explains CDC’s Dr. Greg Wallace, Team Lead, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Polio, Epidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. \"For example, an unvaccinated U.S. resident could travel abroad and become infected before returning home. Or, a visitor to the United States could travel here while infected. The point is, one person infected with polio is all it takes to start the spread of polio to others if they are not protected by vaccination.\" For more about the importance of continued polio vaccination in the U.S., see Polio: Unprotected Story .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.337617874145508, "source": "search", "title": "CDC Global Health - Polio - Why CDC Is Involved" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Polio control remains an important priority for CDC today, as it was in the 1950s. Today, global eradication is within reach, as efforts are focused on those few remaining areas where polio remains endemic and where polio transmission has been re-established.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.033660888671875, "source": "search", "title": "CDC Global Health - Polio - Why CDC Is Involved" }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1954, over 300,000 doctors, nurses, schoolteachers and other volunteers across the United States, Canada and Finland took part in one of the most complex and monumental medical trials in history. The plan was to test the effectiveness of a newly-developed vaccine for a disease that was devastating the lives of children across the US: polio .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.761348724365234, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Google doodle: a good reminder of the power of ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "It was a mammoth task – a double-blind experiment, in which 650,000 schoolchildren were given the vaccine, 750,000 were given a placebo, and over 400,000 children acted as a control group and were given neither. For taking part, each participant was given a sweet and a certificate proclaiming their role as a ‘Polio Pioneer’ . The results, announced in 1955, were just as monumental: the vaccine was safe and effective. As a direct result of the development of the vaccine, polio was completely eradicated in the US by 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.94839096069336, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Google doodle: a good reminder of the power of ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The vaccine itself was the result of years of tireless work by a researcher based at the University of Pittsburgh called Jonas Salk, whose 100th birthday is being celebrated in a Google doodle today. The doodle shows two children holding up a sign that says “Thank you, Dr Salk!” – echoing the gratitude expressed by many Americans when the results were announced. But the story of Salk’s search for a vaccine isn’t one that should be told in isolation, stopping with the elimination of polio in the US. Instead, it sits within a rich tapestry of stories about scientific discovery and progress.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.267683029174805, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Google doodle: a good reminder of the power of ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In order to develop a new vaccine, Salk needed cell cultures that he could first infect with polio, and then test the treatment. The cells that he used are known as HeLa cells , which in themselves carry a fascinating history. HeLa cells are an immortalised cell line , that can be grown in the lab for prolonged periods of time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9103597402572632, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Google doodle: a good reminder of the power of ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "One other aspect of Salk’s story still plays a vital role in the development and use of vaccines today: public support. In many ways, the 1954 field tests of the polio vaccine are a major success story in public health and scientific engagement – according to some sources , a Gallup poll that year showed that more Americans knew about the trials than could give the full name of then president, Dwight Eisenhower. In short, it appeared that there was unprecedented support for the vaccine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.976837158203125, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk Google doodle: a good reminder of the power of ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Polio Season", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395566940307617, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In the first half of the 20th century, summer was a dreaded time for children. Although they could enjoy the long days of unfettered play, summer was also known as “polio season.” Children were among the most susceptible to paralytic poliomyelitis (also known as infantile paralysis), a disease that affects the central nervous system and can result in paralysis. When exposed to a poliovirus in the first months of life, infants usually manifested only mild symptoms because they were protected from paralysis by maternal antibodies still present in their bodies. However, as hygienic conditions improved and fewer newborns were exposed to the virus (which is present in human sewage), paralytic poliomyelitis began to appear in older children and adults who did not have an infant’s benefit of immunity. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is perhaps the most famous victim of the poliovirus. In 1921, at the age of 39, he contracted the disease, one of the thousands that were afflicted that year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.432807922363281, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "The Virus Research Laboratory and Poliovirus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.801392555236816, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1947 Salk accepted a position at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine to establish a Virus Research Laboratory. He devoted his efforts to creating a first-class research environment and to publishing scientific papers on a variety of topics, including poliovirus. His work drew the attention of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (now the March of Dimes), and he was invited to participate in a research program sponsored by the foundation. He agreed and took up his assignment of typing polioviruses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.1274067610502243, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1951 the National Foundation typing program confirmed that there were three types of poliovirus. By that time Salk was convinced that the same “killed-virus” principle he had used to develop an influenza vaccine would work for polio. He also believed that it would be less dangerous than a live vaccine: if the vaccine contained only dead virus, then it could not accidentally cause polio in those inoculated. One difficulty, however, was that large quantities of poliovirus were needed to produce a killed-virus vaccine because a killed virus will not grow in the body after administration the way a live virus will. In 1949 John Enders, Thomas Weller, and Frederick Robbins had discovered that poliovirus could be grown in laboratory tissue cultures of non-nerve tissue (earning them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1954). The work of Enders and his colleagues paved the way for Salk, for it provided a method of growing the virus without injecting live monkeys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.179617166519165, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In 1954 a massive controlled field trial was launched, sponsored by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Almost two million U.S. children between the ages of six and nine participated. In some areas of the country half of these “Polio Pioneers” received the vaccine, while half received a placebo. In other areas of the country children who did not receive any vaccine were carefully observed. On April 12, 1955, Thomas Francis, Salk’s mentor and the director of the trial, reported that the vaccine was safe, potent, and 90% effective in protecting against paralytic poliomyelitis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.234147548675537, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Sabin’s Path to Polio Research", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.224350929260254, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "In the meantime a live-virus vaccine for polio was being developed by Albert Sabin. Sabin, like many scientists of the time, believed that only a living virus would be able to guarantee immunity for an extended period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.800521373748779, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "While at medical school Sabin spent time researching pneumonia, developing an accurate and efficient method of determining its cause in individual cases—either pneumococcus or virus. He received his MD in 1931 and, after completing his internship, traveled to the Lister Institute of Preventative Medicine in London to conduct research. A year later he returned to the United States, having accepted a fellowship at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. There Sabin developed an interest in poliovirus. In 1936 he and a colleague were able to grow poliovirus in brain tissue from a human embryo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.614628791809082, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "During World War II, Sabin left his polio research to serve in the U.S. Army Medical Corps. There he investigated other diseases like insect-borne encephalitis and dengue, working on vaccines for both.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.811336517333984, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "After the war Sabin accepted a position at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine as a professor of research pediatrics. He then was able to return to his polio studies. To learn as much as possible about the disease, he and his colleagues performed autopsies on everyone within 400 miles of Cincinnati who had died of polio. These autopsies indicated that poliovirus affected both the intestinal tract and the central nervous system. From this finding Sabin was able to prove that polio first attacked the intestinal tract before moving on to nerve tissue. This discovery suggested that the virus could be grown in non-nerve tissue, a feat later accomplished in tissue culture by the Nobel laureates Enders, Weller, and Robbins. Growing poliovirus in non-nerve tissue culture was more practical than Sabin’s previous achievement of growing it in brain tissue from embryos.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.334352493286133, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Albert Sabin demonstrates how the oral vaccine for polio is given to children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.642403602600098, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Success and Polio Eradication", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.076139450073242, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "Sabin’s live-virus, oral polio vaccine (administered in drops or on a sugar cube) soon replaced Salk’s killed-virus, injectable vaccine in many parts of the world. In 1994 the WHO declared that naturally occurring poliovirus had been eradicated from the Western Hemisphere owing to repeated mass immunization campaigns with the Sabin vaccine in Central and South America. The only occurrences of paralytic poliomyelitis in the West after this time were the few cases caused by the live-virus vaccine itself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.49288952350616455, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." }, { "answer": "Polio", "passage": "During his lifetime Sabin staunchly defended his live-virus vaccine, refusing to believe any evidence that it could cause paralytic poliomyelitis. Salk, for his part, believed that killed-virus vaccine produced equivalent protection in individuals and in communities without any risk for causing paralysis. Despite Sabin’s belief, the risk for paralysis from the live-virus vaccine does exist, although it is slight. In 1999 a federal advisory panel recommended that the United States return to Salk’s vaccine because it cannot accidentally cause polio. On the basis of a decade of additional evidence, this recommendation was reconfirmed in 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.419728994369507, "source": "search", "title": "Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin | Chemical Heritage ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The development of Heathrow Airport has also been a reason for expansion, with Heathrow Terminals 1-5 opening between 1977 and 2008. When Terminal 5 opened in 2008, it became the first stretch of new Underground railway in London since the Jubilee line extension in 1999.", "precise_score": 2.362715244293213, "rough_score": 0.9840089678764343, "source": "search", "title": "London Underground - Transport for London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Underground Heathrow To London, Times & Prices", "precise_score": -2.4981610774993896, "rough_score": -5.842892169952393, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport is in Zone 6 of London's zoned transport system. (To understand the zone system which is the basis for all fares on the London Underground, read our using the London Underground page).", "precise_score": 2.857701063156128, "rough_score": 5.638548851013184, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "3 Heathrow Underground Stations, 4 Heathrow Passenger Terminals", "precise_score": 2.4132883548736572, "rough_score": -6.1242218017578125, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport has three Underground stations for the four passenger terminals. All trains visit the Heathrow Central Station that is for Terminals 2 and 3, some trains go to Terminal 4, the rest go to Terminal 5, no train visits Terminal 4 and 5. When you are returning to Heathrow make sure you board the right train.", "precise_score": 2.610311985015869, "rough_score": -1.4488316774368286, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "At Heathrow Airport, the Underground trains are near empty as they start at Heathrow, crowding is not going to be a problem at this point. You can do yourself a big favour by getting as far as possible away from other passengers with luggage on the platform before boarding. By the time you get to Hammersmith the probability is that people will be standing and the carriages are getting crowded.", "precise_score": -0.935359001159668, "rough_score": -5.721353054046631, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "For the majority of visitors an Oyster Card for each person will be the core of your transport needs within London. You can buy on-demand on arrival at Heathrow at the Underground Stations or you can buy in advance on-line a special Visitors Oyster Card.", "precise_score": -2.8574540615081787, "rough_score": -5.829465389251709, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "By air : Londonis the best-connected city in the world by air, with the maximum number of flights arriving in this global city. Travelers can arrive in London from any of 6 airports: Heathrow, Gatwick, City, Stansted, Luton, and Southend. All the airports are well connected to the city by bus or tube routes, with accessibility to nearby railway stations. For travelers arriving at Heathrow, the Heathrow Express tube line is the most convenient way to get from the airport to the city.", "precise_score": 2.9751787185668945, "rough_score": 1.7149596214294434, "source": "search", "title": "London Map | Map of London , Capital of UK" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "With over 14.7 million annual tourists, the city’s air traffic is handled by its two major airports – Heathrow and Gatwick, followed by Stansted. Heathrow is one of the world’s busiest airports, and the city’s airports together make up the busiest airport system in the world.", "precise_score": -0.8458254933357239, "rough_score": -5.293747901916504, "source": "search", "title": "London Map | Map of London , Capital of UK" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London (all airports IATA code: LON) is served by a total of six airports (Heathrow, Gatwick, City, Stansted, Luton, Southend). Travelling between the city and the airports is made relatively easy by the large number of public transport links that have been put in place over recent years. However, if transiting through London, be sure to check the arrival and departure airports carefully as transfers across the city may be quite time consuming. In addition to London's five official airports (of which only two are located within Greater London), there are a number of other regional UK airports conveniently accessible from London. Since they offer a growing number of budget flights, choosing those airports can be cheaper (or even faster, depending on where in London your destination is).", "precise_score": 0.9644132852554321, "rough_score": 0.365804523229599, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Transferring between London's airports is never quick or simple, and any itinerary requiring an inter airport transfer should be regarded as a \"last resort\" if no other option is available. There are inter-airport bus service bys National Express between Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton, which run at least hourly. Heathrow-Gatwick services take 65min in clear traffic - but they use roads that are frequently congested (£18. Heathrow-Stansted services 90min (£20.50) (note that services between Stansted and Luton run only every two hours). However, it's essential to allow leeway, as all roads near London, especially the orbital M25 and the M1 motorway, are often congested to the point of gridlock. Some buses have toilets on board.", "precise_score": -5.610278129577637, "rough_score": -5.1590776443481445, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport ( IATA : LHR) is London and Europe's largest airport and the world's busiest airport in terms of international passenger movement, with services available from most major airports world-wide.", "precise_score": -4.224442958831787, "rough_score": -5.688697338104248, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Birmingham International Airport, ☎ +44 870 733 5511, [18] . (IATA: BHX) is another non-London airport worth considering as a less congested and hectic alternative to Heathrow, being 75 minutes away from London on a direct train (so a similar journey time as the tube to Heathrow, or the bus to Stansted). As a major airport serving the UK's second largest city, there is a good choice of long distance and European destinations. Direct trains connect Birmingham International to London Euston and Watford. The train station is connected to the terminal via a free shuttle train (2 minutes). From £6 (advance web purchase) one way, £35-100 round trip.   edit", "precise_score": -4.283157825469971, "rough_score": -3.990469217300415, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Paddington, serves South West England and Wales including Slough, Maidenhead , Reading , Oxford , Bath , Bristol , Taunton , Exeter , Plymouth and Cardiff and Swansea . Also the downtown terminus of the Heathrow Airport Express (see above) and serves some suburban stations such as Acton Main Line and Ealing Broadway.", "precise_score": -2.784519672393799, "rough_score": -6.042283535003662, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Weekly, monthly and longer-period Travelcard season tickets can be purchased at all tube station ticket offices. These can be used on any tube, DLR, bus, London Overground, National Rail or tram service. You have to select a range of zones when you buy it, numbered 1-9. If you happen to travel outside the zone, you can use PrePay (see above) to make up the difference. Note that they can not be used on any Airport Express trains (Heathrow Express, Gatwick Express and Stansted Express). However, a Zone 1-6 Travelcard can be used on the London Underground (Piccadilly line) to/from Heathrow Airport. Notice a weekly travelcard may be a better value than a PAYG Oyster card if you are looking to travel extensively within London for more than five days in a week, especially given that the former's effectivity will last a week after it was purchased, whereas weekly fare cap on the latter will reset at 4.30 every Monday.", "precise_score": -4.776980876922607, "rough_score": -3.183481216430664, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Taxis are required by law to take you up to 12 miles or up to one hour duration, if the destination is in Greater London (20 miles if starting at Heathrow Airport ) if their TAXI light is on when you hail them, unless they have a good reason. However some, especially older drivers, dislike leaving the centre of town, or going south of the River Thames. A good way to combat being left at the side of the curb is to open the back door, or even get into the cab, before stating your destination.", "precise_score": -10.300926208496094, "rough_score": -6.514986991882324, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "7 Aviation: London Heathrow Airport - Pleiade", "precise_score": -2.9473185539245605, "rough_score": -7.059116840362549, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted airports each have dedicated express train ... The best solution is to get a regular Oyster card in one of the station ...", "precise_score": -1.7735905647277832, "rough_score": -6.4789252281188965, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Heathrow airport consists of five ... How to get to your terminal/gate ... If your connecting flight leaves from London Gatwick you will need at least ...", "precise_score": -3.1796329021453857, "rough_score": -2.4861490726470947, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "22 Londons Airports Useful Information On Heathrow Gatwick ...", "precise_score": -2.857776165008545, "rough_score": -6.363670349121094, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "After arriving at Terminal 5, follow the signs to Flight Connections. From Flight Connections ... Connecting between London Heathrow and London Gatwick airports", "precise_score": -4.063485145568848, "rough_score": -4.893370628356934, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "33 Londons Airports Useful Information On Heathrow Gatwick ...", "precise_score": -2.5839781761169434, "rough_score": -6.240243434906006, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "37 Londons Airports Useful Information On Heathrow Gatwick ...", "precise_score": -2.91281795501709, "rough_score": -6.294097900390625, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "41 Londons Airports Useful Information On Heathrow Gatwick ...", "precise_score": -2.4854440689086914, "rough_score": -6.915523529052734, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "to St Giles London Central and London Highgate ... Heathrow: Heathrow airport is ... The best way to get from Gatwick to London is using the ‘Gatwick Express’ train.", "precise_score": -4.133432865142822, "rough_score": -7.047177314758301, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "1977 - Heathrow Terminals 1, 2 and 3 open", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.79383373260498, "source": "search", "title": "London Underground - Transport for London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "1986 - The Heathrow service becomes a loop with the opening of Terminal 4", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.903225898742676, "source": "search", "title": "London Underground - Transport for London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "2008 - Heathrow Terminal 5 opens", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407581329345703, "source": "search", "title": "London Underground - Transport for London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "37. The earliest trains run from Osterley to Heathrow on the Piccadilly line, starting at 4.45am.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261765480041504, "source": "search", "title": "London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "78. The Piccadilly line extended to serve Heathrow Terminal 4 in 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.330960273742676, "source": "search", "title": "London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The Underground carriages become grossly overcrowded during peak rush hours. Heathrow is first stop so you will get a seat, getting off in Central London with lots of luggage at this time maybe an experience you can do without after a long flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.642400741577148, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.636099815368652, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The first train to Central London leaves Heathrow at around 5.10 a.m. , (30 minutes later on Sundays). The last train leaves for Central London around 23:45 (15 minutes earlier on Sundays).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.122844696044922, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The first train from Central London arrives at Heathrow at around 06:40 and the last train leaves for Heathrow from London around 00:20 (23:30 on Sundays).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.611296653747559, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "On Fridays and Saturday nights the Piccadilly Line runs all night at around 10 minute intervals between Terminal 5 and Cockfosters, stopping at Heathrow Central for Terminals 2 and 3. No trains run to Terminal 4 as part of the night service and if you are interconnecting to reach your destination, check that the other line also runs a night service, (see Night Tube Map link within the sub-menu above).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.02698040008545, "source": "search", "title": "Heathrow Airport Underground Link With London - London Toolkit" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Main article: Heathrow Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.989824295043945, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow is dominated by the UK's flag-carrier British Airways , who use the airport as its home base and principal hub, and consequently operate nearly 40% of all the airport's flights. BA have their main base in Terminal 5, but also have a major presence in Terminal 3. Flights landing at Heathrow may be delayed by up to an hour as a simple result of air traffic congestion and waiting for parking slots. To complicate the matter, airlines that fly into Heathrow are currently playing a system-wide game of musical chairs as gate assignments are cycled through the new terminal, making it even more necessary for travellers to check their terminal and gate assignment in advance. Do plan your itinerary to allocate some time needed to get through Heathrow Airport T3, there can be long queues if you are not holding an EEA passport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.894461154937744, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "For transport options into town, see our Heathrow Airport article...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.800406455993652, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "M4: The principal route to/from the West - leading to Bath, Bristol and cities South Wales (Cardiff and Swansea). It is also the main route towards Heathrow Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.691912651062012, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Airport Express Rail services run to Heathrow, Gatwick, Southend, Stansted and Luton airports. The trains to Heathrow are privately operated and require a premium fare. The trains to the other airports are part of the UK rail network, but are beyond the TfL network, so Oyster is not valid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.542417526245117, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow, Heathrow Terminals 2 & 3 Underground station", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.760348796844482, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Trains branded as Express serve Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton airports. However, trains to Stansted and Luton also have intermediate stops serving commuter stations. Trains to Gatwick are non stop, but the time saving is less than five minutes compared to other services. Tickets for trains branded express are generally sold at a premium. Oyster cards are only valid to Gatwick and not on other mainline routes to airports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.750439643859863, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Minicabs are normal cars which are licensed hire vehicles that you need to book by phone or at a minicab office. They generally charge a fixed fare for a journey, best agreed before you get in the car. Minicabs are sometimes cheaper than black cabs, although this is not necessarily the case for short journeys. Minicabs can be significantly cheaper for airport journeys - for example, a minicab from Heathrow to South-West London will cost around £36, whereas a black cab will cost over £100. Drivers are not tested as rigorously as black cab drivers, so they will typically not speak English very well and rely on a GPS to find their way, but will still get you from A to B. Licensed minicabs display a Transport For London (TFL) License Plate - usually in the front window. One of the features of the license plate is a blue version of the famous London Underground \"roundel\". A list of licensed minicab operators can be found at TfL Findaride: [31] . Note that some areas in London are poorly serviced by black cabs, particularly late at night. This has led to a large number of illegal minicabs operating - just opportunistic people, with a car, looking to make some fast money. Some of these operators can be fairly aggressive in their attempts to find customers, and it's now barely possible to walk late at night through any part of London with a modicum of nightlife without being approached. You should avoid mini-cabs touting for business off the street or outside nightclubs, and either take a black cab, book a licensed minicab by telephone, or take a night bus. These illegal drivers are unlicensed and sadly they are often unsafe: a number of women are assaulted every week by illegal minicab operators (11 reported per month).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.818134307861328, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Paddington and Bayswater. This area has undergone a lot of change largely resulting from the Heathrow Express train coming into Paddington Station. Good hotels can be found in the immediate area of the station and in quieter spots a short walk away as well as in the traditional mid-range accommodation area further south in Bayswater. It’s a great choice if you’re arriving in London at Heathrow and a good central area to explore the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.789799690246582, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Also, consider Heathrow Airport and the surrounding area -- although it is 15 mi (20km) from the heart of the city, you are spoilt for choice for hotels both in and around the airport boundary, and with the frequent transport links to and from the centre, not too much of a handicap. You can often get into big name chain hotels a lot cheaper than their equivalents in the West End for example, with the obvious advantage of being close to the airport on the days when you are travelling.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.353310585021973, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Ebooks-Gratuits.Me > How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick.pdf : 9510 Résultats 1/20", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.533780097961426, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "1 Gatwick Heathrow - London Gatwick: Obviously", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.784029006958008, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "GATWICK HEATHROW Get the facts about the runway debate at gatwickobviously.com and @LGWobviously. ... as Heathrow. Expansion at Gatwick delivers the same number", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409177780151367, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "ACCESSIBILITY IN AND AROUND GATWICK ... can get away from the crowds. ... Heathrow oach Station Airport Earls Court N a tional Exp r ess", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.751469612121582, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "ACCESSIBILITY IN AND AROUND GATWICK ... can get away from the crowds. ... Heathrow Coach Station Airport Earls Court National Express", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657608032226562, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "4 Future Airport Expansion At Stansted, Heathrow And Gatwick ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.00855541229248, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "FUTURE AIRPORT EXPANSION AT STANSTED, HEATHROW AND GATWICK: STATISTICS AND METHODOLOGY Peter Brooker, Cranfield University, UK 1 …", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.647473335266113, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "5 Nationalexpress.com Heathrow Airport Updates, And For Stop ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214055061340332, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "... get service updates, and for stop information. Ticket outlets Coach Stations in all major UK towns, cities and airports. ... Gatwick Airport to Heathrow Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.928342819213867, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "6 Journey Time To Heathrow Airport By Rail - Surrey", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.49730396270752, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "and get to terminal). ... (from Heathrow) 3 Bus/Coach (Gatwick) Journey Time (mins) Interchanges Route Guildford 2 Various Routes Woking 125 1 Woking RAILAIR, National", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.95840072631836, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Aviation: London Heathrow Airport ... London Heathrow Airport officially opened in May ... separate airport companies operating London Heathrow, Gatwick and ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.300114631652832, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "flagship location Heathrow, Gatwick is now the principal focus for its expectant new owners (which also has a ... passengers want to get to the gate quickly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.155287742614746, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "9 Heathrow Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.217792510986328, "source": "search", "title": "How To Get From Heathrow To Gatwick - ebooks-gratuits.me" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport overview 1 Check-in 2 Departure lounge 3 ... 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[ { "answer": "Theodore Maiman", "passage": "In 1960, Theodore Maiman invented the ruby laser considered to be the first successful optical or light laser .", "precise_score": 8.920182228088379, "rough_score": 6.19315242767334, "source": "search", "title": "Who Invented the Laser? - World of Famous Inventors and ..." }, { "answer": "Theodore Maiman", "passage": "Many historians claim that Theodore Maiman invented the first optical laser, however, there is some controversy that Gordon Gould was the first.", "precise_score": 9.042898178100586, "rough_score": 6.545981407165527, "source": "search", "title": "Who Invented the Laser? - World of Famous Inventors and ..." }, { "answer": "Theodore H. Maiman", "passage": "A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term \"laser\" originated as an acronym for \"light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation\". The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.854131817817688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Laser" }, { "answer": "Theodore H. Maiman", "passage": "On May 16, 1960, Theodore H. Maiman operated the first functioning laser at Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, California, ahead of several research teams, including those of Townes, at Columbia University, Arthur Schawlow, at Bell Labs, and Gould, at the TRG (Technical Research Group) company. Maiman's functional laser used a solid-state flashlamp-pumped synthetic ruby crystal to produce red laser light, at 694 nanometers wavelength; however, the device only was capable of pulsed operation, because of its three-level pumping design scheme. Later that year, the Iranian physicist Ali Javan, and William R. Bennett, and Donald Herriott, constructed the first gas laser, using helium and neon that was capable of continuous operation in the infrared (U.S. Patent 3,149,290); later, Javan received the Albert Einstein Award in 1993. Basov and Javan proposed the semiconductor laser diode concept. In 1962, Robert N. Hall demonstrated the first laser diode device, made of gallium arsenide and emitted at 850 nm the near-infrared band of the spectrum. Later that year, Nick Holonyak, Jr. demonstrated the first semiconductor laser with a visible emission. This first semiconductor laser could only be used in pulsed-beam operation, and when cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K). In 1970, Zhores Alferov, in the USSR, and Izuo Hayashi and Morton Panish of Bell Telephone Laboratories also independently developed room-temperature, continual-operation diode lasers, using the heterojunction structure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.572673320770264, "source": "wiki", "title": "Laser" }, { "answer": "Theodore Maiman", "passage": "Even the first laser was recognized as being potentially dangerous. Theodore Maiman characterized the first laser as having a power of one \"Gillette\" as it could burn through one Gillette razor blade. Today, it is accepted that even low-power lasers with only a few milliwatts of output power can be hazardous to human eyesight when the beam hits the eye directly or after reflection from a shiny surface. At wavelengths which the cornea and the lens can focus well, the coherence and low divergence of laser light means that it can be focused by the eye into an extremely small spot on the retina, resulting in localized burning and permanent damage in seconds or even less time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.436246156692505, "source": "wiki", "title": "Laser" }, { "answer": "Theodore Maiman", "passage": "Theodore Maiman made the first laser operate on 16 May 1960 at the Hughes Research Laboratory in California, by shining a high-power flash lamp on a ruby rod with silver-coated surfaces. He promptly submitted a short report of the work to the journal Physical Review Letters, but the editors turned it down. Some have thought this was because the Physical Review had announced that it was receiving too many papers on masers—the longer-wavelength predecessors of the laser—and had announced that any further papers would be turned down. But Simon Pasternack, who was an editor of Physical Review Letters at the time, has said that he turned down this historic paper because Maiman had just published, in June 1960, an article on the excitation of ruby with light, with an examination of the relaxation times between quantum states, and that the new work seemed to be simply more of the same. Pasternack's reaction perhaps reflects the limited understanding at the time of the nature of lasers and their significance. Eager to get his work quickly into publication, Maiman then turned to Nature, usually even more selective than Physical Review Letters, where the paper was better received and published on 6 August.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.13279128074646, "source": "search", "title": "The first laser - The University of Chicago Press" }, { "answer": "Ted Maiman", "passage": "There have been great and good developments since Ted Maiman, probably a bit desperately, mailed off a short paper on what was then a somewhat obscure subject, hoping to get it published quickly in Nature. Fortunately, Nature's editors accepted it, and the rest is history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42827033996582, "source": "search", "title": "The first laser - The University of Chicago Press" }, { "answer": "Theodore Maiman", "passage": "Dr. Theodore Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories, with the first working laser.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.044605255126953, "source": "search", "title": "LaserFest | Early History" }, { "answer": "Theodore Maiman", "passage": "Theodore Maiman developed the first working laser at Hughes Research Lab in 1960, and his paper describing the operation of the first laser was published in Nature three months later. Since then, more than 55,000 patents involving the laser have been granted in the United States. Today's laser and all of its applications are the result of not one individual's efforts, but the work of a number of prestigious scientists and engineers who were leaders in optics and photonics over the course of history. These include such great minds as Charles Townes at Columbia University, who developed the maser, the precursor to the laser, and Arthur Schawlow at Bell Laboratories, who along with Townes published a key theoretical paper in 1958 that helped lead to the lasers development and who jointly were awarded the first laser patent in 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.655160903930664, "source": "search", "title": "LaserFest | Early History" }, { "answer": "Theodore Maiman", "passage": "After the Schawlow-Townes Physical Review paper was published in 1958, a furious competition ensued to build the first working laser involving institutions such as Bell Labs, Hughes Research Labs, RCA Labs, Lincoln Labs, IBM, Westinghouse, and Siemens. Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Labs realized that high gain pulsed oscillation could be achieved in ruby by optically pumping with commercial flash lamps, and in May 1960 demonstrated the first working laser. This laser was so easy to build that within weeks several other groups duplicated the achievement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.200986385345459, "source": "search", "title": "LaserFest | Early History" } ]

[ { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "However, in 1901, King Camp Gillette, a salesman from Wisconsin, patented the first razor with disposable blades. Before this, men had to shave with a straight edge razor, which was kept sharp by using a leather strap. Nicks to the skin were a lot more common! This innovation came at a great time, as by the turn of the century the clean- shaven look was coming back into fashion, particularly for the younger generations. The new razors had a guard that prevented the blade from cutting the skin and could be disposed of afterwards.", "precise_score": 6.694547176361084, "rough_score": 8.051289558410645, "source": "search", "title": "Gaston County Museum" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "On this date King Camp Gillette was born in Fond du Lac. He worked for many years as a traveling salesman. After much experimentation, he developed a disposable steel blade and razor. He established the Gillette Safety Razor Company in 1901. Sales for his product skyrocketed. Gillette remained president of his company until 1931 and was a director until his death the following year. [Source: Lemelson-MIT Program ]", "precise_score": 6.38168478012085, "rough_score": 7.179234504699707, "source": "search", "title": "This Day in Wisconsin History | Wisconsin Historical Society" }, { "answer": "King C. Gillette", "passage": "Patent No. 775,134 was granted to King C. Gillette for a “safety razor” on November 15, 1904. King Camp Gillette was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin in 1855 and became a traveling salesman to support himself after his family’s home was destroyed in the Chicago Fire of 1871. This work led him to William Painter, the inventor of the disposable Crown Cork bottle cap. Painter told Gillette that a successful invention was one that was purchased over and over again by satisfied customers, and Gillette took this advice to heart.", "precise_score": 4.7688703536987305, "rough_score": 8.955035209655762, "source": "search", "title": "History of Razors and Shaving - About.com Inventors" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "King Camp Gillette was an American salesman and inventor who introduced the disposable safety razor in the first years of the 20th century. Raised in the Chicago area, he spent his early career as a traveling salesman. In the late 1890s he was inspired to create a disposable shaving razor, partly out of personal interest and partly out of a desire to create a product consumers could dispose of before buying another one. He teamed with a machinist-inventor named William Nickerson, and in 1901 Gillette formed American Safety Razor, which was soon changed to Gillette Safety Razor. Awarded a patent in 1904, Gillette's business was so successful he effectively retired in 1910, while keeping a figurehead position with the Gillette company. After leaving the business world, Gillette turned his attention to planting the seeds for a socialist utopia, writing books and spending money to advocate a \"world corporation\" that would supercede an international system based on national borders.", "precise_score": 5.008605480194092, "rough_score": 7.620397567749023, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Biography (Business Personality/Inventor)" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "Prior to the beginning of the twentieth century, shaving was a nuisance, and sometimes even dangerous. That changed when King Camp Gillette (1855-1932) founded the Gillette Safety Razor Company in 1901 and began selling his safety razors with disposable blades two years later.", "precise_score": 3.9941883087158203, "rough_score": 5.1830153465271, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "Prior to the beginning of the twentieth century, shaving was a nuisance, and sometimes even dangerous. That changed when King Camp Gillette (1855-1932) founded the Gillette Safety Razor Company in 1901 and began selling his safety razors with disposable blades two years later.", "precise_score": 3.9941883087158203, "rough_score": 5.1830153465271, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "A third pivotal innovation was a safety razor using a disposable double-edge blade that King Camp Gillette submitted a patent application for in 1901 and was granted in 1904. The success of Gillette's invention was largely a result of his having been awarded a contract to supply the American troops in World War I with double-edge safety razors as part of their standard field kits (delivering a total of 3.5 million razors and 32 million blades for them). The returning soldiers were permitted to keep that part of their equipment and therefore easily retained their new shaving habits. The subsequent consumer demand for replacement blades put the shaving industry on course toward its present form with Gillette as a dominant force. Prior to the introduction of the disposable blade, safety razor users still needed to strop and hone the edges of their blades. These are not trivial skills (honing frequently being left to a professional) and remained a barrier to the ubiquitous adopting of the be your own barber ideal. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7404704093933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Safety razor" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "1855 - King Camp Gillette Born", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20424747467041, "source": "search", "title": "This Day in Wisconsin History | Wisconsin Historical Society" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "King Camp Gillette Biography (Business Personality/Inventor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317131996154785, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Biography (Business Personality/Inventor)" }, { "answer": "King Gillette", "passage": "King Gillette facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about King Gillette", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.54310417175293, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "King Camp Gillette", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356504440307617, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King C. Gillette", "passage": "In his book The Man and His Wonderful Shaving Device—King C. Gillette, biographer Russell B. Adams, Jr. noted, \"King C. Gillette had thought he might be remembered as one of history's social and economic reformers. Instead, he is recalled as the inventor of the safety razor, with its disposable blade and as the founder of the major American corporation that bears his name.\" One hundred years later, the Gillette Company and its name are known world-wide, and razors remain a necessary tool for maintaining personal grooming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.536615371704102, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "King Camp Gillette was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, on January 5, 1855, the son of George Wolcott Gillette and Fanny Lemira Camp. He was the youngest of three sons, and also had two sisters. Biographer Adams wrote, \"His royal first name honored a Judge King who was a friend of George Gillette's.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.513962745666504, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King Gillette", "passage": "Adams described Gillette's father as \"a sometime postmaster, weekly-newspaper editor, and inventive thinker,\" and his mother as \"serene\" but also a \"stern disciplinarian, always in control of her household.\" Adams asserted, \"It was probably under her influence that King Gillette developed his lifelong belief in efficiency, and his hatred for wasting time.\" The Gillette family moved to Chicago, Illinois, and young Gillette was raised and educated there. Adams wrote, \"The Gillette boys were encouraged to work with their hands, to figure out how things work and how they might be made to work better.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10239028930664, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "By 1903, Nickerson had developed the necessary design and machinery to produce the razor blades, while Gillette had secured the necessary financial backing. The next dilemma was what to name the product. As noted on the \"King Camp Gillette\" section of the Engines of Our Ingenuity website, Gillette believed \"if they called a razor blade a Nickerson, that was too suggestive of nicked skin.\" In the end, Gillette's name was put on the product. The razor would prove to be an instant success.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1251680850982666, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "According to the \"King Camp Gillette\" section of the Engines of Our Ingenuity website, prior to World War I, Gillette envisioned his \"World Corporation\" in the Arizona Territory, with former U.S. President Teddy Roosevelt serving as its leader. Roosevelt wasn't interested, so he subsequently turned to social reformer and writer Sinclair Lewis and auto maker Henry Ford, to no avail. That essentially ended the vision of a \"World Corporation.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265421867370605, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Gillette's Razor", "passage": "Although some of Gillette's ideas, such as government-provided work for the unemployed, have been realized, his plans for a \"World Corporation\" and \"Metrpolis\" did not become a reality. Adams concluded, \"The world was more interested in the clean, close, safe shaves that Gillette's razors gave, than in his philosophy, so his curious economic and political notions have been all but forgotten.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.336421012878418, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King C. Gillette", "passage": "Adams, Russell B. Jr., The Man and His Wonderful Shaving Device—King C. Gillette, Little, Brown and Company, 1978.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.945302963256836, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "Before the beginning of the 1900s, when the only means of shaving a beard was the straight razor, shaving was a nuisance and even dangerous. That changed, however, in 1903, when the disposable razor made its debut. No one has done more to alter the face of men's fashions than King Camp Gillette (1855–1932), inventor of the disposable razor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9979690313339233, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King C. Gillette", "passage": "Adams, Russell B. King C. Gillette, The Man and His Wonderful Shaving Device. Boston: Little, Brown, c1978.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.980749130249023, "source": "search", "title": "King Gillette Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "King Camp Gillette Facts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434444427490234, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "King Camp Gillette Facts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434444427490234, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "King C. Gillette", "passage": "In his book The Man and His Wonderful Shaving Device—King C. Gillette, biographer Russell B. Adams, Jr. noted, \"King C. Gillette had thought he might be remembered as one of history's social and economic reformers. Instead, he is recalled as the inventor of the safety razor, with its disposable blade and as the founder of the major American corporation that bears his name.\" One hundred years later, the Gillette Company and its name are known world-wide, and razors remain a necessary tool for maintaining personal grooming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.536615371704102, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "King Camp Gillette was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, on January 5, 1855, the son of George Wolcott Gillette and Fanny Lemira Camp. He was the youngest of three sons, and also had two sisters. Biographer Adams wrote, \"His royal first name honored a Judge King who was a friend of George Gillette's.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.513962745666504, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "King Gillette", "passage": "Adams described Gillette's father as \"a sometime postmaster, weekly-newspaper editor, and inventive thinker,\" and his mother as \"serene\" but also a \"stern disciplinarian, always in control of her household.\" Adams asserted, \"It was probably under her influence that King Gillette developed his lifelong belief in efficiency, and his hatred for wasting time.\" The Gillette family moved to Chicago, Illinois, and young Gillette was raised and educated there. Adams wrote, \"The Gillette boys were encouraged to work with their hands, to figure out how things work and how they might be made to work better.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10239028930664, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "By 1903, Nickerson had developed the necessary design and machinery to produce the razor blades, while Gillette had secured the necessary financial backing. The next dilemma was what to name the product. As noted on the \"King Camp Gillette\" section of the Engines of Our Ingenuity website, Gillette believed \"if they called a razor blade a Nickerson, that was too suggestive of nicked skin.\" In the end, Gillette's name was put on the product. The razor would prove to be an instant success.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1251680850982666, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "King Camp Gillette", "passage": "According to the \"King Camp Gillette\" section of the Engines of Our Ingenuity website, prior to World War I, Gillette envisioned his \"World Corporation\" in the Arizona Territory, with former U.S. President Teddy Roosevelt serving as its leader. Roosevelt wasn't interested, so he subsequently turned to social reformer and writer Sinclair Lewis and auto maker Henry Ford, to no avail. That essentially ended the vision of a \"World Corporation.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265421867370605, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Gillette's Razor", "passage": "Although some of Gillette's ideas, such as government-provided work for the unemployed, have been realized, his plans for a \"World Corporation\" and \"Metrpolis\" did not become a reality. Adams concluded, \"The world was more interested in the clean, close, safe shaves that Gillette's razors gave, than in his philosophy, so his curious economic and political notions have been all but forgotten.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.336421012878418, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "King C. Gillette", "passage": "Adams, Russell B. Jr., The Man and His Wonderful Shaving Device—King C. Gillette, Little, Brown and Company, 1978.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.945302963256836, "source": "search", "title": "King Camp Gillette Facts - YourDictionary" } ]