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[ { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "*Daewoo Precision Industries produced small calibre firearms and auto parts. It was spun off in February 2002 and relisted on the Korean stock-market in March 2002. It was renamed S&T Daewoo Co., Ltd in September 2006, and then S&T Motiv Co., LTD in March 2012. ", "precise_score": 5.029918670654297, "rough_score": 5.249136447906494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Due to financial trouble, Daewoo was forced to sell off its automotive arm, Daewoo Motor, to General Motors (Korean) in 2001. Since then, Daewoo-manufactured cars have been rebadged as models of many GM (and associated) brands, including Chevrolet, Buick, Pontiac, Holden, and Suzuki. The Daewoo nameplate was kept only for South Korea and Vietnam until 2011.", "precise_score": 6.167508125305176, "rough_score": 4.4496750831604, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "In 2004, General Motors pulled the Daewoo brand of vehicles out of Australia and New Zealand, citing irreparable brand damage. Later that same year, GM announced that Daewoo Motors in Europe would change its name to Chevrolet on 1 January 2005. In 2005, it was announced that Daewoo cars would have a Holden badge in Australia and New Zealand. In South Africa, Thailand, and the Middle East, Daewoo models were already branded Chevrolet. In South Korea, Daewoo was renamed GM Korea.", "precise_score": 5.566610813140869, "rough_score": 4.752898216247559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The story of Daewoo began with General Motors. In order to enter the Korea market, GM established GM Korea in 1972 as a joint-venture with Shinjin (a small Korean car maker previously partnered with Toyota). 6 years later, majority stakes were sold to local industrial giant Daewoo group, thus the company was rename to Daewoo.", "precise_score": 5.747577667236328, "rough_score": 5.003834247589111, "source": "search", "title": "GM Daewoo - AutoZine" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "In 2002, GM came back and bought the majority assets of Daewoo. The company was renamed to GM Daewoo. GM also invested to upgrade its R&D and quality control, improving its product lineup. As Daewoo had poor quality image overseas, its cars were rebadged as Chevrolet for the American and European market and sold as Holden in Australia. In the latter half of 2000s, GM built its Korean subsidiary into a leading development center for its global small car platform (Delta), not merely a production base. The first fruit was the 2008 Lacetti, which was derived into Chevrolet Cruze.", "precise_score": 4.151168346405029, "rough_score": 4.527438163757324, "source": "search", "title": "GM Daewoo - AutoZine" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "In early 2011, the name Daewoo finally came to the end. GM Daewoo was renamed to GM Korea, while its domestic cars were rebranded to Chevrolet.", "precise_score": 4.429027080535889, "rough_score": 3.696204900741577, "source": "search", "title": "GM Daewoo - AutoZine" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Daewoo Motors is a Korean automobile company that was founded in 1978 and sold most of its holdings to General Motors after going bankrupt in the early 2000s. The company was once a part of the larger Daewoo Group, a powerful Korean conglomerate that produced everything from consumer to heavy industry goods.", "precise_score": 5.460690975189209, "rough_score": 5.423379898071289, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars - New & Used Daewoo Reviews, Pricing & Specs ..." }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The Daewoo Group largely made its name in Korea by offering quality technology and household goods that were affordable. Things were really no different when it came to cars. Daewoo Motors entered the U.S. market by providing affordable vehicles that were generally reliable and fuel efficient.", "precise_score": 5.637762546539307, "rough_score": 4.870838642120361, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars - New & Used Daewoo Reviews, Pricing & Specs ..." }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Daewoo continues to be involved in cars produced in partnership with GM through GM Korea. In fact, the company currently manufactures versions of the popular Chevrolet models, the Malibu, and Orlando. However, Daewoo’s bankruptcy and buyout by General Motors in 2002 effectively ended the production of Daewoo vehicles in the United States. Nonetheless, many used Leganzas, Kalos, and Lanos remain on the road today. Drivers continue to appreciate the various Daewoo models now as they did then, for being fuel-efficient compacts that offered a certain style, while perhaps not always being the most reliable of vehicles.", "precise_score": 6.511322021484375, "rough_score": 6.041454792022705, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars - New & Used Daewoo Reviews, Pricing & Specs ..." }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The origins of the Daewoo Motor Company go back to the very first automobile company in Korea—National Motor—started in 1937. The company operated under that name until 1962, when it was changed to Saenara Motor. Saenara built the Datsun Bluebird under license and sold it in Korea. Saenara was established under the Automobile Industry Promotion Policy enacted by the South Korean government to help Korean automakers dominate their home market, as well as build up the nation’s economy and infrastructure following the Korean war.", "precise_score": 6.440376281738281, "rough_score": 3.7907698154449463, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Daewoo (\"Dae\" Hangul: 대. Korean for \"Great\" and \"Woo\" Hangul: 우. Korean the first name of founder and chairman Kim Woo-jung) or the Daewoo Group was a major South Korean chaebol (conglomerate).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.636427640914917, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "It was founded on 22 March 1967 as Daewoo Industrial and was dismantled by the Korean government in 1999. Prior to the Asian financial crisis, Daewoo was the second largest conglomerate in Korea after Hyundai Group, followed by LG Group and Samsung. There were about 20 divisions under the Daewoo Group, some of which survive today as independent companies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.25207558274269104, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "*Daewoo Bus, is a manufacturer of buses. headquartered in Busan, South Korea, established in 2002. These buses are primarily used for public transportation", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3440064489841461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "*Daewoo Motor Sales, an auto sales company sold Daewoo but also GM cars and others in Korea (Sub-branch: Architectural Iaan Div., SAA-Seoul Auto Auction)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0131094455718994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "*Daewoo Electronics, a strong force both internationally and in Korea (sub-branch Daewoo Electronic Components Co. Ltd, Daewoo Electric Motor Industries Ltd., Orion Electric Co. Ltd.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9835672378540039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "*Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering produced container ships, oil tankers and planes. It spun off in 2000 and became an independent company, DSME, re-listing on the Korean stockmarket in 2001", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4382027387619019, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "*Daewoo Development Co. Ltd., managing Daewoo hotels around the world and had the Hilton Hotels franchise in South Korea", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.400750160217285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "A further subsidiary was the Daewoo Development Company, funded by cash from the Group, and set up to develop hotels. Seven were built in Korea, China, Vietnam, and Africa. They were personally designed and furnished by Kim Woojoong's socialite wife Heeja who was Chairwoman of the company. The most lavish is the 5-star Hanoi Daewoo Hotel, which cost US$163 million to build in 1996 and was decorated by Heeja with fine art, porcelain, sculptures, and marble. She invited 3000 guests to the opening, including Russian President Vladimir Putin. There is an 18-hole golf course on the grounds and a swimming pool which is thought to be the largest in Asia. Kim is believed to have spent time there while \"on the run\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5514944791793823, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "During the 1960s, after the end of the Syngman Rhee government, the new government of Park Chung Hee intervened to promote growth and development in the country. It increased access to resources, promoted exports, financed industrialization, and provided protection from competition to the chaebol in exchange for a company's political support. In the beginning, the Korean government instigated a series of five-year plans under which the chaebol were required to achieve a number of basic objectives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.984066009521484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Daewoo did not become a major player until the second five-year plan. Daewoo benefited from government-sponsored cheap loans based on potential export profits. The company initially concentrated on labor-intensive clothing and textile industries that provided high profit margins because of South Korea's large and relatively inexpensive workforce.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.09044075012207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The third and fourth of the five-year plans occurred from 1973 to 1981. During this period, the country's labor force was in high demand. Competition from other countries began eroding Korea's competitive edge. The government responded to this change by concentrating its efforts on mechanical and electrical engineering, shipbuilding, petrochemicals, construction, and military initiatives. At the end of this period, the government forced Daewoo into shipbuilding. Kim was reluctant to enter this industry, but Daewoo soon earned a reputation for producing competitively priced ships and oil rigs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8656942248344421, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "During the next decade, the Korean government became more liberal in its economic policies. Small private companies were encouraged, protectionist import restrictions were loosened, and the government reduced positive discrimination (affirmative action), to encourage free market trade and to force the chaebol to be more aggressive abroad. Daewoo responded by establishing a number of joint ventures with U.S. and European companies. It expanded exports of machine tools, defense products (under the S&T Daewoo company), aerospace interests, and semiconductor design and manufacturing. Eventually, it began to build civilian helicopters and airplanes, priced considerably cheaper than those produced by its U.S. counterparts. It also expanded efforts in the automotive industry and was ranked as the seventh largest car exporter and the sixth largest car manufacturer in the world. Throughout this period, Daewoo experienced great success at turning around faltering companies in Korea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8102118968963623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Daewoo Group ran into deep financial trouble in 1998 due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis, increasingly thin relationships with the Korean government under President Kim Dae Jung, and its own poor financial management. With the Korean government in deficit, access to cheap and nearly unlimited credit was severely restricted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6009457111358643, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "In 1998, when the economic crisis forced most of the chaebol to cut back, Daewoo added 14 new firms to its existing 275 subsidiaries, in a year where the group lost a total of 550 billion won (US$458 million) on sales of 62 trillion won (US$51 billion). At the end of 1997, South Korea’s four biggest chaebol had a debt of nearly five times their equity. While Samsung and LG cut back in the midst of the economic crisis, Daewoo took on 40% more debt.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.054506778717041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "By 1999, Daewoo, the second largest conglomerate in South Korea with interests in about 100 countries, went bankrupt, with debts of about 80 trillion won (US$84.3 billion).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0184152126312256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Soon after the demise, Chairman Kim Woo-Jung fled to North Korea, and former Daewoo factory workers put up \"Wanted\" posters with his picture. Kim returned to Korea in June 2005 and was promptly arrested. He was charged with masterminding accounting fraud of 41 trillion won (US$43.4 billion), illegally borrowing 9.8 trillion won (US$10.3 billion), and smuggling US$3.2 billion out of the country, according to South Korea's Yonhap News Agency. On 30 May 2006, Kim was sentenced to 10 years in prison after being convicted of fraud and embezzlement. On the last day of the trial, Kim tearfully addressed the court, \"I cannot dodge my responsibility of wrongly buttoning up the final button of fate.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.210956573486328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The downfall of Daewoo was and still remains highly controversial because of the sheer importance of chaebols in the national economy. The collapse caused billions of dollars in losses for both South Korean banks and the government, who were forced to stage-manage Daewoo's dissolution to soften the blow. The bankruptcy was not only a financial crisis, but also a political one, and it came as a shock to much of the nation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3079631328582764, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Michael Schuman of Time stated that while Daewoo's demise had significant consequences, it would have nonetheless been better than propping it up with fresh funds. There was a persistence of the belief that Daewoo and other Korean conglomerates were \"too big to fail\". Such belief led many bankers and investors to continually waste money on bailouts, despite the sign that Daewoo was unable to engineer a turnaround and repay these bad loans. Once the too-big-to-fail perception was dispelled, with large conglomerates no longer considered the safest investments, bankers and investors began financing new opportunities in areas which had been starved of capital, such as small firms, entrepreneurs and consumers. Korea's GDP actually rose after Daewoo's unwinding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.803584098815918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Daewoo Electronics survives to this day, despite bankruptcy, with a new brand logo \"DE\", but many of the other subsidiaries and divisions have become independent or simply perished under the \"reorganization\" by the Korean government under Kim Dae Jung. In North America, Target stores market Daewoo Electronics products under their \"Trutech\" brand on an ODM basis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.735069513320923, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "As part of the company reorganization, the content and the structure of its brand portfolio (its brand architecture) was reorganized. In 2011, GM discontinued the Daewoo brand name in South Korea and replaced it with the Chevrolet brand. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7105510234832764, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Daewoo is also moving into the oil and gas industry. While Western oil and gas companies were unwilling to conduct business in Myanmar on account of the abysmal human rights record of the ruling military junta, Daewoo is one of three oil companies, along with the French company Total and the American company Unocal, which is already, or is close to, starting gas production in the country(at the Yadana Field). During explorations, Daewoo found one of the largest gas fields in southeast Asia. The field is located at blocks A-1 and A-3 at the Shwe field, about 100 km off Sittwe in Rakhine State. The field will go into production in five years, providing a lucrative (and probably the largest) source of hard currency for the ruling junta. Daewoo has long been one of the largest foreign investors in the country. Daewoo International was investigated by South Korean prosecutors for allegedly selling machinery with potential military applications to the junta.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.020305871963501, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daewoo" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "GM Daewoo is increasingly important to the fortune of GM. Previously it was seen as a cheap source of small cars feeding North America and Europe. Now with increased investment upping its R&D and design capability, Korea has become the leading engineering center for developing its global small car platform, Delta. GM Korea's designs are extensively used in overseas market - as Chevrolet in America, as Chevrolet / Opel / Vauxhall in Europe, as Holden in Australia and Chevrolet / Buick in China.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1019957065582275, "source": "search", "title": "GM Daewoo - AutoZine" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Note: since Jan 2011, GM Daewoo becomes GM Korea and the Daewoo brand gives way to Chevrolet. Following its full integration into GM, it would be meaningless to continue updating this page. From now on related information will be reported on the GM page instead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.936138153076172, "source": "search", "title": "GM Daewoo - AutoZine" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "The Asian financial crisis in 1997/98 hit South Korea hard. Many companies went burst because of their high debt level resulted from over-expansion in the last few years. Daewoo received the SUV maker Ssangyong in 1998, but this ownership lasted for less than two years, because Daewoo itself also went into bankruptcy in 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5951056480407715, "source": "search", "title": "GM Daewoo - AutoZine" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "While Daewoo Motors could be regarded as a company with a relatively brief history, it can in fact trace its roots back to the National Motor company, which was founded in South Korea as far back as 1937. In 1962, the company underwent the first of many name changes and re-brandings to emerge as Saenara Motors, establishing itself as the first Korean automotive company in the process.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.9582250118255615, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars - New & Used Daewoo Reviews, Pricing & Specs ..." }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "In 1965, Saenara Motors was acquired by Shinjin Industrial who rechristened it Shinjin Motors and began a professional relationship with Japanese automaker, Toyota. However, Toyota’s involvement wasn’t destined to last, and in 1972, the company partnered with General Motors under the marque General Motors Korea. However, in 1976, the company changed its name again, this time to Saehan Motor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.480746269226074, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars - New & Used Daewoo Reviews, Pricing & Specs ..." }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "GM Daewoo Auto & Technology (GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, South Korea. After changing its name to Saenara Motor in 1962, Saenara Motor was bought by Shinjin Industrial in 1965, which changed its name to Shinjin Motor after establishing collaborations with Toyota. After Toyota's withdrawal in 1972, Shinjin Motor started a joint venture with General Motors under the name General Motors Korea, but was renamed again in 1976 to Saehan Motor. After the Daewoo Group gained control in 1982 the name was changed to Daewoo Motor. In the early 1990s the company started to expand heavily throughout the world. Until 1996 all cars were based on models from General Motors. After the Asian financial crisis started in 1997, it took over the troubled jeep specialist SsangYong in 1998, but ran into financial trouble in 1999. In 2001 General Motors decided to buy most of Daewoo Motor's assets to form GM Daewoo. The new company started operations on October 17, 2002, with GM and its partners Suzuki and SAIC holding a stake of 66.7% with investments of US$400 million. The remaining equity stake of 33.3% was held by Korea Development Bank and several other Korean creditors with investments of US$197 million. The deal did not include 15 plants, especially Daewoo's oldest plant in Bupyeong which now operates under the name Daewoo Incheon Motor Company as a supplier to GM Daewoo; General Motors plans to buy this plant by 2008. In February 2005, GM invested US$49 million to raise its share in the company to 48.2%. Furthermore, GM acquired 6.9 million shares in GM Daewoo for US$21 million from Suzuki Motors in August of the same year. General Motors' share in GM Daewoo then increased to 50.9%. Suzuki still holds 11% of GMDAT but is reported to be considering selling this to GM. GMDAT has design, engineering, research & development facilities that are involved in development for various GM products. On November 25, 2003, the design center was relocated to the new 2-story building at the Bupyeong headquarters and assigned the task to style a new SUV based on GM's Theta automobile platform to be released in 2006. GMDAT has manufacturing plants in Korea and an assembly plant in Vietnam. GMDAT-designed cars are also assembled in China, Thailand, India, and Colombia [as of February 2005]. Its cars are marketed in over 140 countries (as of February 2005). In 2004, GMDAT sold more than 900,000 vehicles worldwide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.744986653327942, "source": "search", "title": "DAEWOO models & history - autoevolution" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Unfortunately, buying mostly American doesn't guarantee top performance or reliability. Models from LG (including the LG-made Kenmore models) and Samsung, both South Korean brands, dominate our recommendations for both front- and top-load washers, and, according to our reader surveys, LG and Samsung are the most reliable brands for front-loaders. Whirlpool is in the middle of the pack, while GE front-loaders were the most repair prone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344422340393066, "source": "search", "title": "Who makes LG appliances? Made entirely in America ..." }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Under the policy, foreign automakers were forbidden from operating in South Korea—unless they worked with an established South Korean manufacturer. Saenara partnered with Nissan and became the first Korean automaker to benefit from a modern assembly plant. Shinjin Industrial bought Saenara in 1965, which changed the name of the company to Shinjin Motors and entered into an agreement with Toyota.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.95263385772705, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "That arrangement lasted until 1972, when Toyota withdrew from the collaboration and General Motors stepped in, under the name General Motors Korea. However, four years later, the company was rechristened Saehan Motor in 1976.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.780802726745605, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Meanwhile, the Daewoo Group was founded in March of 1967, named for its founder Kim Woo-choong. In the Korean language, the word “Dae” translates to “Great”. “Woo” came from the founder’s last name, which also means “Universe”. Thus Daewoo = Great Universe. His father ultimately became a provincial governor and Kim benefitted from a policy established to promote growth and development in South Korea. Much as the Automobile Industry Promotion Policy did for the Korean car industry, similar policies were put in place to help entrepreneurs in other areas of business by increasing access to resources, promoting exports, financing industrialization, and providing protection from competition in exchange for political support.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3359885215759277, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "During his childhood Kim’s family was pretty poor. Getting his start in business as a newspaper delivery boy at the age of 14, that newspaper delivery job pretty much supported his family. However, his father had done much to help the former Korean president Park Chung Hee—before he became president. Once he was in power, Park, in turn, helped the adult Kim with his business endeavors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499009132385254, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "After college, Kim went to work at Hansung Industrial Co., Ltd., a company owned by one of his relatives. Six years later, he borrowed $10,000 to establish Daewoo Industrial Co., Ltd., a textiles trading business. With government protections and government-sponsored cheap loans, Daewoo started out producing clothing and textiles. Over time though, the government encouraged its entrepreneurs to become more aggressive and pursue growth outside of Korea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.5579705238342285, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Before the Asian financial crisis hit, Daewoo Group was South Korea’s second largest corporation. The group had more than 50 divisions. As of this writing, only six companies remain with the Daewoo brand name.  As for Kim himself, he left South Korea in 1999 as his company was collapsing under some $65 billion in debt. Vilified by former employees and branded a criminal by a judge in Seoul, Kim says he was told to leave the country by the president so the restructuring of the company could go more easily.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.071768045425415, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Meanwhile, some 20 Daewoo executives and accountants were convicted of fraud in 2001 and served six months in jail for inflating company assets by $30 billion in 1997 and 1998. And while Kim's attorney says the correct total is $12 billion, the fact remains the company was guilty of defrauding investors. Kim returned to South Korea in 2005 and was promptly arrested. In May of 2006, Kim was sentenced to 10 years in jail after being convicted of charges including embezzlement and accounting fraud.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.569612979888916, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun pardoned Kim in 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.57374382019043, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Cars, Daewoo Vehicles | Autobytel.com" }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "But the absolute worst of them all was a turd that went by the name of the Daewoo Nubira, a car no doubt named after a Korean bowel movement. Most Nubira owners never got a chance to change their timing belts; they would literally snap off before they were due. As a result, most Nubiras that I see at the auctions have amazingly low miles on them and never, ever, a working engine. The rest of the car was an exercise in automotive immobility, including wheels made of such cheap steel they would regularly go out of round. And I’m thinking electronics that were designed by Dear Leader Kim Jong Il during one of his “off” days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6453012228012085, "source": "search", "title": "Hammer Time: Daewoo. Worst. Automaker. Ever." }, { "answer": "Korea", "passage": "Does it pay to be second? When people think \"Korean automobiles\", they usually talk about Hyundai or Kia. Both companies or \"chaebols\", represent two ends of a spectrumso that leaves Daewoo square in the middle. But that's not such a bad thing. The fact is that the company has proven to be thriving in its little nichecoming out with simply reliable automobiles that many have come to regard as a \"perfect\" first ride. Long after the company was absorbed by Chrysler, their manufacturing sensibilities and style still shine throughChrysler retained their manufacturing arm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.885524749755859, "source": "search", "title": "Daewoo Parts and Daewoo Performance - Car Parts.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Ruth Marianna Handler (née Mosko; November 4, 1916 – April 27, 2002) was an American businesswoman and inventor. She served as the president of the toy manufacturer Mattel Inc., and is best remembered for inventing the Barbie doll.", "precise_score": 5.694901466369629, "rough_score": 7.368770122528076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ruth Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Her husband Elliot Handler and his business partner Harold \"Matt\" Matson formed a small company to manufacture picture frames, calling it \"Mattel\" by combining part of their names (\"Matt\" and \"Elliot\"). Later, they began using scraps from the manufacturing process to make dollhouse furniture. The furniture was more profitable than the picture frames and it was decided to concentrate on toy manufacturing. The company's first big-seller was the \"Uke-a-doodle\", a toy ukulele.", "precise_score": 5.642031192779541, "rough_score": 6.484280109405518, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ruth Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Mattel was named after business partners Harold Matson and Elliot Handler. Elliot's wife, Ruth, took over Matson's role when the Handlers bought out his share in the late 1940s. Ruth Handler is credited with the creation of the Barbie doll that debuted in 1959 and which Ruth named after their daughter Barbara Handler. The Barbie doll is still one of the top-selling dolls. Mattel introduced the talking Chatty Cathy doll in 1960. The Handlers had made a tradition of naming their toys after family members and when Barbara Handler married Allan Segal, they came out with Allan, Ken's buddy. The 1965 talking doll Baby Cheryl was named after the Handler's first grandchild, and the Todd doll in the Barbie line was named for their grandson. ", "precise_score": 5.627082824707031, "rough_score": 7.305919170379639, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elliot Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot Handler is credited with developing the first talking doll, Chatty Cathy, using a pull string talking mechanism which revolutionized the toy industry. Mattel thereafter went on to develop a number of talking toys including Chatty Baby, Tiny Chatty Baby, and Charmin' Chatty. Toys made for cartoon favorites such as Bugs Bunny and Porky Pig; and toys made for television characters such as Herman Munster and Mr. Ed. Elliot Handler was primarily responsible for two additional Mattel product lines. In 1966, Mattel introduced smaller dolls called Liddle Kiddles. Handler claimed he wanted them to resemble little children in neighborhoods across America. They were sculpted by doll artist Martha Armstrong-Hand. Kiddles were a great success and continued to be produced in different versions until the early 1970s. Another product line was Hot Wheels, introduced in 1968, which gave rise to 10,000 different models.", "precise_score": 3.6667044162750244, "rough_score": 6.411600112915039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elliot Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot Handler, founder of Mattel, Inc., the world's largest toy company and well-known as the creator of the Hot Wheels® mega-brand, died at the age of 95.", "precise_score": 5.989483833312988, "rough_score": 7.38314962387085, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Known as the \"whiz kids of the toy industry,\" the Handlers were renowned for inventing some of the world’s best-known toy brands. In 1973, Elliot was named Mattel’s Chairman of the Board, a position he would share with Ruth until 1975 when, after having helped nurture Mattel from a dollhouse furniture shop into a leading manufacturer, the Handlers left the company after more than 30 years. Elliot and Ruth became the first living inductees to the Toy Industry Hall of Fame in 1989.", "precise_score": 7.87628173828125, "rough_score": 9.22039794921875, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot Handler, who co-founded the Mattel toy company and designed the plastic playthings that have filled millions of Christmas stockings, made dinner parties possible by occupying otherwise fidgety children, and stubbed countless parents’ toes, died on Thursday at his home in Los Angeles. He was 95.", "precise_score": 5.948887825012207, "rough_score": 7.193511486053467, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "CAREER WOMAN: Ruth Handler, executive of Mattel Toy company, posing with collection of Barbie dolls, 1961.", "precise_score": 5.504737377166748, "rough_score": 6.4101152420043945, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Handler, who was born in 1916, married her high school sweetheart Elliot and moved with him to southern California.  She worked as a stenographer at Paramount Pictures while encouraging her husband's creative handiwork of plastic mirrors and bookends, among other things. When the couple started Mattel in 1945, they produced picture frames. But the company quickly expanded to manufacture toy furniture, toy pianos, music boxes, and ukuleles. Handler's idea for Barbie--the first doll with adult features that was aimed at kids--emerged from a combination of watching her own daughter, Barbara, play with dolls, and from seeing dolls marketed to adults in Europe.", "precise_score": 4.824896335601807, "rough_score": 7.142040252685547, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Ruth and Elliot Handler co-founded Mattel Creations in 1945, and 14 years later in 1959, Ruth Handler invented the Barbie doll, or as Ruth Handler refers to herself, \"I'm Barbie's mom.\"", "precise_score": 6.89941930770874, "rough_score": 6.875975131988525, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler - Inventor of Barbie & Mattel Co-Founder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In 1975, Elliot and Ruth Handler were ousted from the company by new corporate managers. Three years later, Ruth was accused of having doctored Mattel's books to deceive shareholders and was sentenced to community service and heavily fined.", "precise_score": 4.428473472595215, "rough_score": 6.376561164855957, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "a partner, Harold \"Matt\" Matson, and Elliot combined letters in their names to form another company, Mattel. They originally sold miniature picture frames but found dollhouse furniture to be more profitable. After Matson sold out to his partner, Elliot and Ruth Handler concentrated on manufacturing toys. In 1955 the Handlers pioneered a new way to market products directly to children by buying a year's worth of advertising on the new Mickey Mouse Club television show for which they created \"Mouseguitar.\" Still it was the Barbie doll that would be their most successful product. During a trip to Europe Ruth bought a German doll, Lilli, for her daughter, Barbara. After buying the rights to market Lilli, Ruth made a few changes and put the Barbie doll on the market in 1959. Although Ruth Handler believed it was important for girls' self-esteem to play with a doll with breasts, critics have said that the doll's unrealistic measurements, translated to human size, 39ʹʹ-18ʹʹ-33ʹʹ, could have the opposite effect. Mattel did adjust the doll's measurements over the years, but the proportions remained out of reach for most women. The enormous appeal of Barbie, her ever-changing wardrobe pieces and her entourage, including boyfriend Ken (named for the Handlers' son Kenneth), Midge, Barbie's best friend, and Allan, Ken's pal and Midge's beau, led Mattel to become a publicly owned company in 1960, and by 1965 Mattel was on the Fortune 500 list. Ruth Handler, who became Mattel's president in 1967, was indicted in 1978 for fraud and securities violations from the early 1970s. Handler, who was diagnosed with breast cancer and had a mastectomy in 1970, pled no contest, saying she wanted to work on her new business, based on the breast prosthesis she designed and called Nearly Me. She did public service to serve her sentence. Handler published an autobiography, Dream Doll: The Ruth Handler Story in 1995.", "precise_score": 7.843011856079102, "rough_score": 7.883334636688232, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Mosko Handler - Jewish Virtual Library" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Best known as the inventor of the Barbie doll, Ruth Mosko Handler combined her marketing genius with her husband Elliot Handler’s creative designs to form the toy company Mattel, Inc. Starting in their garage in 1939, the Handlers produced Lucite gifts, wooden picture frames, and dollhouse furniture before developing their first toy, the Uke-A-Doodle, in 1947. The success of the Uke-A-Doodle was followed by a series of rubber-belt-driven musical toys, including the Jack-in-the-Box, as well as toy guns such as a Winchester rifle replica. Yet it was the Barbie doll, created in 1959, that “ran off the counter.” Thirty years later, sales of the doll that Handler named after her daughter exceeded one billion dollars.", "precise_score": 7.407027244567871, "rough_score": 8.322521209716797, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Mosko Handler | Jewish Women's Archive" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "The Mattel company traces its beginnings to 1945, when a fledgling Mattel began operating out of a garage workshop. The original founders were Harold Matson, Elliot Handler and Ruth Handler, who coined \"Mattel\" by combining letters of their last and first names. The first Mattel product was picture frames, but Elliot soon developed a side business in doll house furniture made from picture frame scraps— which led to an emphasis on toys.", "precise_score": 6.953431606292725, "rough_score": 7.498100280761719, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "American businessperson Ruth Handler (1916–2002) changed the face of the toy industry with her introduction of the Barbie doll in 1959. Co–founder of the Mattel toy company, Handler was also noted for her marketing innovations. She later went on to a successful second career in the prosthetic breast business. At the time of Handler's death, there had been over a billion Barbies sold in 150 countries.", "precise_score": 6.483405590057373, "rough_score": 7.384437084197998, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In 1942, the Handlers joined forces with another designer, Harold \"Matt\" Matson, to manufacture picture frames. That business, started in the couple's garage, branched out to include doll house furniture made out of scraps from the picture frame enterprise. Using yet another merger of the name Elliot and a partner's name, the company was called Mattel. It turned a profit in 1945 and the Handlers found themselves in the toy business.", "precise_score": 6.101770877838135, "rough_score": 7.138559818267822, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Formation of Mattel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43095874786377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ruth Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Ruth Handler claimed her daughter Barbara, who was becoming a pre-teen, played with paper dolls by pretending they were adults. Handler noticed that in such play, children would act out future events, rather than the present. Handler noted the limitations of the paper dolls, including how the paper clothing failed to attach well. She wanted to produce a three-dimensional plastic \"paper doll\" with an adult body and a wardrobe of fabric clothing, but her husband and Mr. Matson thought parents would not buy their children a doll with a voluptuous figure. While the Handler family was vacationing in Europe, Ruth Handler saw the German Bild Lilli doll (which was not a children's toy, but rather an adult gag gift) in a Swiss shop and brought it home. The Lilli doll was a representation of the same concept Ruth had been trying to sell to other Mattel executives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7151767611503601, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ruth Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Once home, she reworked the design of the doll and named her Barbie after the Handlers' daughter, Barbara. Barbie debuted at the New York toy fair on March 9, 1959 but was not an immediate success. When Disney introduced The Mickey Mouse Club children's television show, Mattel invested heavily in television advertising. The TV commercials for the Barbie doll paid off and Barbie rocketed Mattel and the Handlers to fame and fortune. Subsequently, they would add a boyfriend for Barbie named Ken, after the Handlers' son, and many other \"friends and family\" to Barbie's world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5144245624542236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ruth Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot Handler (April 9, 1916 – July 21, 2011) was an American inventor, businessman, and co-founder of Mattel. With his wife, he developed some of the biggest-selling toys in American history, including Barbie, Chatty Cathy, Creepy Crawlers, and Hot Wheels. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.321217060089111, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elliot Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Mattel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298219680786133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elliot Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Originally called Mattel Creations, it has gone on to become the largest toy maker in the world. In April 2008, Handler was honored by Mattel with a 90th birthday party at its headquarters in El Segundo, California. Guests included his daughter Barbara Segal, after whom the Barbie doll was named.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7484612464904785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elliot Handler" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "The Handlers started Mattel Creations in 1945 with Harold \"Matt\" Matson, whose name was fused with Elliot's to form \"Mattel.\" Originally a small business enterprise headquartered in the Handlers' garage in suburban Los Angeles, Calif., the company launched with three pieces of shop equipment purchased on installment from Sears.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.805665969848633, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "The first Mattel products produced from that location were picture frames, and Elliot soon developed a side business in dollhouse furniture made from picture frame scraps.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.231504917144775, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot's product development talents were complemented by Ruth's marketing savvy, and the company turned a profit in its very first year. The Uke-A-Doodle®, a child-size ukelele, was the first in a line of musical toys that gave Mattel its first 'staple' business. After the Uke-A-Doodle introduction in 1947, Matson sold his share of the business.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.420567989349365, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In 1955, a new television series produced by The Walt Disney Company called the \"Mickey Mouse Club\" was set to debut, and Disney and ABC Television asked if Mattel would consider sponsoring a 15-minute segment of the show. The drawback was that Mattel would be obligated to sponsor the program for one entire 52-week season, which would cost Mattel $500,000 - nearly its entire net worth. The campaign was an unabashed success, and Mattel instantly revolutionized the toy industry by turning a 'mom-and-pop' business with a seasonal focus on Christmas into a large-scale business enterprise that garnered impressive sales year-round. In fact, annual sales grew from $5 million to $14 million in just three years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.064583778381348, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Advertising on television was one of two key decisions that the Handlers made during the 1950s, which transformed Mattel from a profitable business into an industry leader. The other key turning point was the invention and marketing of a three-dimensional doll through which little girls could act out their dreams of growing up. An instant sensation upon its introduction in 1959, Barbie® has since grown into a multi-billion dollar brand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.115424156188965, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In the late 1960s, Mattel eagerly was in search of a toy hit that would capture boys’ imaginations the way that Barbie® did for girls. Elliot had an idea for miniature die-cast vehicles that would incorporate speed, power and performance, as well as cool car designs. Introduced in 1968, Hot Wheels® were distinguished with customized designs and outrageous paint jobs, and also became a number-one selling toy brand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.543102741241455, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler Remembered - Mattel" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3803473711013794, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Business Day |Elliot Handler, Co-Founder of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7237217426300049, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "He began Mattel in 1945 with his wife, Ruth, and a short-term partner. Until the Handlers were forced out of Mattel in 1975, they oversaw a toy empire that is among the largest in the world today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.6588568687438965, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot and Ruth Handler, co-founders of Mattel, assembled a two-stage plastic rocket in this photograph from Feb. 7, 1959. Credit The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.94353723526001, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "They fell into debt until a music arranger approached them with an idea for a new way to manufacture cheap, tiny music boxes. Previously, such musical devices were luxury items manufactured almost exclusively by European artisans. The Handlers started putting the devices into jack-in-the boxes, plastic ukuleles and dolls. The products were an almost immediate hit, earning millions. Eventually Mattel released a talking doll — Chatty Cathy — that tutored generations of children in the lilting intonations of “I love you,” and “May I have a cookie?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.110989570617676, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Ruth Handler drove Mattel’s business decisions while her husband nurtured new toys. When Mrs. Handler said that Mattel needed to develop a plastic doll that looked like a mature woman — with a small waist, long legs and a bosom that could put an eye out — her husband and others demurred. She insisted, and named the product after their daughter, Barbie. Later came Ken — named after their son, who died of a brain tumor in 1994.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.13642698526382446, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "After retiring from Mattel, Mr. Handler devoted himself to painting, particularly in the photorealistic genre. His wife died in 2002. Mr. Handler is survived by his daughter, his brother and five grandchildren.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4979829788208, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "A version of this article appears in print on July 23, 2011, on Page A20 of the New York edition with the headline: Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3357954025268555, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, Co-Founder Of Mattel Toys, Dies at 95 ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel and Inventor of Barbie | Inc.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.516211986541748, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Best known as the inventor of the Barbie doll, Ruth Handler should perhaps be even more noted for her influence on the development of modern advertising and branding. As the co-founder of Mattel with her husband Elliot, Handler tapped into the power of television, and was one of the first companies to use the medium to advertise directly to children year round.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.24738883972168, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "When Mattel bought a $500,000 annual sponsorship for the Mickey Mouse Club in 1955, toy advertisements were still relegated to the weeks leading up to Christmas.  Mattel's ads for its \"Mouse Guitar\" -- part of the toy ukulele fad of the 1950s -- proved to be a huge hit.  Handler continued to use television to not only build future brands, including Barbie, but also ensure that the Mattel name was engrained in the brain of every TV- watching kid in the country by running slogans like, \"You Can Tell It's Mattel, It's Swell.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4506402015686035, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "At first, Barbie wasn't any easy sell to Mattel's male executives, who initially thought that the anatomically-advanced doll was too risqué for young girls. Those execs were soon proved wrong. Barbie debuted at the New York Toy Fair in 1959 and Mattel sold 351,000 dolls in the first year alone.  The company went public in 1960. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.365212440490723, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Barbie was later joined by Ken (her \"one and only boyfriend,\" according to Mattel corporate history) and friends of different ethnic backgrounds. She embarked on new careers like fashion designer, astronaut, and even American Airlines flight attendant. The different Barbie personalities were featured with a slew of outfits and accessories that needed to be purchased separately. Some women's groups spoke out against Barbie's unrealistic waist-to-bust measurements, but Handler looked at her creation in a different light: \"Barbie always represented the fact that a woman has choices,\" she said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.192333221435547, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Manufacturing went global under Handler's watch and she became president of Mattel in 1967. But her run as a toy entrepreneur wasn't untarnished.  A series of bad investments in non-toy industries, including the Ringling Bros. Circus in the early 1970s, led to poor earnings and, eventually, an investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission.  Handler and her husband resigned from Mattel in 1975 and she later pled no-contest to charges of preparing false financial statements.  She paid a fine and performed community service. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.09322874248027802, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Handler died in 2002 but her legacy in the Barbie brand continues.  Despite a recent dip in sales, Mattel still sells more than $1 billion worth of Barbie dolls and assorted accessories every year. Lately, the company has pondered ways to reinvigorate the Barbie brand. Mattel clearly believes it is a name worth fighting for. Last year, it successfully pursued a $100 million lawsuit against the look-alike Bratz dolls. And in 2009, Handler's baby turned the ripe old age of 50, prompting a slew of retrospectives in newspapers and magazines, and on the morning news programs, proving that Barbie can still make headlines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.009639739990234, "source": "search", "title": "Great Leaders Series: Ruth Handler, Co-founder of Mattel ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Ruth Handler - Inventor of Barbie & Mattel Co-Founder", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.14100462198257446, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler - Inventor of Barbie & Mattel Co-Founder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Ruth Handler and Mattel introduced Barbie , the Teen-Age Fashion Model, to skeptical toy buyers at the annual Toy Fair in New York on March 9, 1959. The new doll was very unlike the baby and toddler dolls that were popular at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.9634575843811035, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler - Inventor of Barbie & Mattel Co-Founder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.120624542236328, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Elliot Handler, a pioneering toy maker who co-founded Mattel and invented Hot Wheels, has died. He was 95.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.147681713104248, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In 1945, Handler and his wife, Ruth, founded Mattel out of a garage workshop in Los Angeles with their friend Harold \"Matt\" Matson. They called it Mattel, a name fashioned from Matson and Elliot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.815168380737305, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "The first Mattel products were picture frames, but Handler soon developed a side business making dollhouse furniture out of picture frame scraps. After the Handlers bought out Matson, they turned Mattel's focus to toys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.47906494140625, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "By 1965, sales topped $100 million and the company joined the Fortune 500, due largely to massive sales of Barbie. Today, Mattel is the world's largest toy maker and is headquartered in El Segundo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.707600116729736, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In the late 1960s, Mattel was looking for a toy that would appeal to boys as Barbie had to girls. Handler came up with an idea for miniature die-cast vehicles that would incorporate speed, power and performance, as well as cool car designs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.273539066314697, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Before founding Mattel, he was drafted to serve stateside in the Army.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371562957763672, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "A soft-spoken man, Handler was known at Mattel for his thoughtfulness and insistence that all employees call him by his first name at a time when such informality was unprecedented.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.272693634033203, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Bob Eckert, chief executive of Mattel, said Friday that Handler had remained an important part of the company and was invited every year to meet with employees at its headquarters, where he showed a continued fondness for toys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.33759880065918, "source": "search", "title": "Elliot Handler, co-founder of Mattel, died at 95 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "During World War II, President Roosevelt announced that plastics would be restricted to military use. The Handlers had produced a line of plastic picture frames and were in the process of filling a large order. Desperate, they changed the materials to a low-grade wood. The wooden frames were a success, and the order was doubled. That night the Handlers and their colleague Harold “Matt” Matson (whom they had hired as the production expert) celebrated. A name was chosen for the company: “Matt” plus “El” (from Elliot) became Mattel. Although it was Ruth Handler’s idea to make picture frames and her selling was critical in landing the accounts, it never occurred to them that her name should be part of the company name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.021357536315918, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Mosko Handler | Jewish Women's Archive" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "The Handlers were also successful in producing toy guns based on popular television shows. Capitalizing on the western craze, Mattel became a sponsor of a soon-to-debut television show. The Mickey Mouse Club became a hit series, and the fifty-two-week, half-million-dollar investment paid off. By 1958, Mattel sales climbed to fourteen million dollars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5457609295845032, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Mosko Handler | Jewish Women's Archive" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In 1970, Handler lost a breast to cancer. Because of her illness, she spent less time at Mattel. Her loss of self-esteem affected her leadership, and she lost control of the business. Major decisions had been made without her consent, and by 1973 Mattel was under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Although Handler and her colleagues pleaded innocent, they were fined, and by 1975 Handler was forced out of the company she had started.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.943031311035156, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Mosko Handler | Jewish Women's Archive" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "1945 Mattel founded by Harold Matson, Elliot Handler and Ruth Handler to make picture frames", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.2126641273498535, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "1946 Matson sells his interest to the Handlers. Mattel makes and sells doll house furniture", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.72522258758545, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "1960 The success of the Barbie doll led Mattel to become a publicly-owned company", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.549822807312012, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "1967 Ruth Handler becomes President of Mattel, Inc.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.446646213531494, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "1974 The Handlers leave the Mattel company", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.159388542175293, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "barbie, barbie doll, Ruth Handler, Elliot Handler, Harold Matson, Mattel, inventor, biography, profile, history, inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating facts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.286855697631836, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Matson soon sold out to his partners, and Elliot and his wife, Ruth, steadily expanded Mattel’s product line. Encouraged by the success of the doll furniture, they turned the company’s emphasis to toys. The Uke-A-Doodle, a child-size ukulele, was the first in a line of musical toys. A hand-crank, patented music box gave Mattel its first \"staple\" business, and versions of this product helped generate much of the company’s revenue in the ‘50s and ‘60s. In 1955, Mattel also introduced another highly successful product, the Burp Gun, an automatic cap gun based on a patented mechanism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.352206230163574, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Also in 1955 came another, even more important turning point for Mattel. In a move that would eventually revolutionize the way toys were marketed, the Handlers bought 52 weeks of advertising on the new \"Mickey Mouse Club\" television show, marking the first time toys had been advertised on a year-round basis. In conjunction with the company’s sponsorship of the show, Mattel introduced a child-size \"Mouseguitar,\" which became an instant sensation in the industry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.979818344116211, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Mattel followed its musical toy success with a line of replica rifles and guns that reflected the 1950s popularity of Western-themed television shows like \"Bonanza\" and \"Gunsmoke.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.254857063293457, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "The success of the Barbie doll led Mattel to become a publicly-owned company in 1960. Within five years, Mattel would join the ranks of companies on the Fortune list of the 500 largest U.S. industrial companies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.472463607788086, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "The early ‘60s also saw Mattel entering the worldwide toy market. The Barbie doll and other products were first test-marketed overseas in 1963, and were received so favorably that many products began to be manufactured under licensing agreements arranged by the company in England, France, Germany, South Africa, Italy and Mexico. In 1964, a wholly-owned subsidiary, Mattel S.A., opened its first sales office in Switzerland as a headquarters for the company’s worldwide marketing program.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.183389186859131, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "During the ‘60s, the company created some of its most successful early products, including Thingmaker (featuring Creepy Crawlers) and two classic talking toys, Chatty Cathy and See ‘N Say. In 1968, Mattel introduced Hot Wheels miniature vehicles, another landmark product that helped the company reach out and capture boys’ imaginations the way the Barbie doll did for girls. In 1998, Hot Wheels celebrated its 30th anniversary and reached a milestone when the two-billionth car was produced. That makes Mattel the producer of more vehicles than Detroit’s big three car manufacturers combined.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.488628387451172, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "By the early ‘70s, Mattel was generating $300 million in annual revenues. During this time period, the company began to diversify, acquiring a number of non-toy companies. These included Ringling Brothers And Barnum And Bailey Circus; Circus World, a theme park;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.45556640625, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Metaframe, a pet products company; Turco, a manufacturer of playground equipment; Western Publishing Company, publishing under the popular Golden Book name; and even a motion picture production company—Radnitz/Mattel Productions—which produced the Academy Award-nominated feature film \"Sounder.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.862604141235352, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "The Handlers left Mattel in the mid-70s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.218100547790527, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Ruth Handler Biography - Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "One of Mattel's first successful products was a toy ukulele called the Uke–A–Doodle. Its release in 1947 was also a learning experience for the Handlers, as they discovered ways to attain patent protection and thwart imitators. They played to their individual strengths as well, with Handler in charge of marketing and her husband heading up product design. (Matson was bought out very early in the game). Together, the talented couple managed a series of innovations that helped put Mattel on the map. For example, Mattel was the first company to make toys out of a mixture of materials. Additionally, the Handlers were quick to realize the advantages of recycling components in a variety of toys, such as placing a music box in a jack–in–the–box. Paul Lukas of Fortune Small Business quoted Handler from her 1994 autobiography, Dream Doll, \"We'd developed a basic mechanism around which new products could be designed year after year.\" But it may be that Mattel's most revolutionary advancement was the use of television in its advertising.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.2834647595882416, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In the 1950s, television was still in its infancy. The advertising of toys was still primarily through catalogs and trade shows, and generally focused on the Christmas season. The Handlers changed all that in 1955 when Mattel offered to buy a year's exclusive sponsorship of ABC's new program, The Mickey Mouse Club. The show was a hit, and sales of Mattel's Mouseguitar and Burp Gun went through the roof. A brand new toy advertising style was born, and Handler's later wry characterization of herself, cited by the Economist, was hardly an exaggeration. \"I was a marketing genius,\" she said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.66593074798584, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Baby dolls had come into vogue in the late 19th century and remained in fashion in the 1950s. Handler, however, had noticed that her daughter had little interest in playing with them, preferring instead to dress up adult paper dolls and pretend to be grown up. Thus inspired, she pitched the idea of a manufacturing an adult doll to her company, but met repeated resistance from Mattel's predominately male sales force and executives. \"Every little girl needed a doll through which to project herself into her dream of her future,\" Handler said in a 1977 New York Times interview quoted by Sarah Kershaw in the same paper in 2002. \"If she was going to do role playing of what she would be like when she was 16 or 17, it was a little stupid to play with a doll that had a flat chest.\" Then in 1956, she found a voluptuous German doll in Switzerland. Unbeknownst to Handler, the doll was intended for an adult male audience, but its original purpose was to be far overshadowed by its evolution at Mattel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.495131492614746, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Using the German doll as a model, Mattel designers spent three years creating the doll of Handler's dreams. The finished product, an 11 and 1/2 inch blonde with an improbable figure and permanently high heels, made her debut at the American Toy Fair in New York City in 1959. Officially called \"Barbie Teenage Fashion Model\" (Barbie was the Handlers' daughter's name), the doll did not thrill the show's buyers. But Handler was vindicated by the delighted reception of little girls. 351,000 Barbie dolls were sold that first year, a sales record for Mattel, and it took the company a full three years to begin to keep up with demand. The fortunes of Barbie and Mattel had become inexorably entwined.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5800838470458984, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Mattel continued to be a market leader throughout the 1960s. The company scored wins with such toys as 1960's Chatty Cathy, who talked, the educational toy series, See 'N Say, and the Hot Wheels miniature car line, introduced in 1968. Investors were pleased as the $10 share price of 1960 zoomed to $522.50 at the stock's pinnacle in 1971. Such heady times did not last, however.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.435627937316895, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "Business woes began with the failure of a battery–powered miniature car line called Sizzlers. This was compounded by Mattel's expensive acquisitions of such diverse enterprises as a pet supply company and the Ringling Brothers–Barnum & Bailey Circus. Combined, the troubles caused the company to post its very first loss in 1971, and yet another the following year. The losses led to shareholder lawsuits and an SEC (Security and Exchange Commission) inquiry that revealed accounting irregularities. In 1975, the Handlers were forced out of the company they had founded, although they denied any knowledge of wrongdoing. Difficulties came to another peak in 1978, when Handler was indicted for fraud and false reporting to the SEC. Still maintaining her innocence, she pled no contest, and was fined and sentenced to community service. Disappointing as all the business upheaval undoubtedly was though, it paled against the parallel challenges facing Handler.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.887237548828125, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Mattel", "passage": "In 1970, just as Mattel was heading for problems, Handler was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a modified radical mastectomy. She later blamed the worry and distractions of the disease on her trials at work. Luckily, Handler was able to turn even such a devastating experience as serious illness into a positive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.454042434692383, "source": "search", "title": "Ruth Handler Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "France", "passage": "France, under the Paris Police Ordinance of 14 August 1893, introduced the first driving test. Introduced on a voluntary basis, on 13 March 1935, the driving test did not become official in Great Britain until 1 April 1935 and compulsory until 1 June 1935. The first driving test pass certificate in Great Britain was awarded on the 16 March 1935 to Mr R.E.L. Beere of Kensington.", "precise_score": 9.18293571472168, "rough_score": 6.202269554138184, "source": "search", "title": "Motoring Firsts - The National Motor Museum Trust" }, { "answer": "France", "passage": "The Grand Prix was established in 1901 and was held in France, (although the first actual built-for-purpose race track was located at Brooklands in Surrey, built in 1907).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.794249534606934, "source": "search", "title": "History of Driving and the introduction of the UK driving ..." }, { "answer": "France", "passage": "There are various claims for the first windscreen wipers. Some sources say that they were first used in France in 1907. British photographer Gladstone Adams is said to have had the idea for wipers whilst driving his Daracq home to Newcastle after watching the 1908 FA Cup Final at Crystal Palace (his team Newcastle United had lost 3 – 1 to Wolverhampton Wanderers). He patented his design in 1911. Various motoring magazine pictures show Prince Henry of Prussia in a car with simple up and down squeegee type wiper fitted to the windscreen in 1909. In 1919 (some sources say 1921) William Folberth of Cleveland, USA, marketed the first automatic windscreen wipers. They were operated by vacuum from the engine's inlet manifold.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.962619304656982, "source": "search", "title": "Motoring Firsts - The National Motor Museum Trust" }, { "answer": "France", "passage": "France introduced the first driving licences under the Paris Police Ordinance of 14 August 1893. The Motor Car Act of 14 August 1903, which took effect on 1 January 1904, introduced the driving licence (along with registration numbers for vehicles and a new speed limit of 20mph/32.19kph) into Great Britain.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2422964572906494, "source": "search", "title": "Motoring Firsts - The National Motor Museum Trust" } ]

[ { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Sir Freddie Laker, who died on Thursday aged 83, pioneered the idea of cheap air travel with his Skytrain to America in 1977; his entrepreneurial spirit brought him immense public affection and the wrath of rivals who conspired successfully to break his business.", "precise_score": 3.9534497261047363, "rough_score": -0.6399223804473877, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "The formative yearsBAC One-Eleven in 1977Freddie Laker unveiled his airline — Laker Airways — to the press in February 1966.[2] The airline commenced commercial operations from its London Gatwick Airport base on 29 July 1966 with two former British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) Bristol Britannia 102 seriesturboprops, initially operating under contract to Air France.[3][4][5][6] The aircraft's livery was a combination of black, red and white — an adaptation of Laker's racing colours.[7] The Britannias were supplemented and eventually replaced by five BAC One-Eleven 300 short-haul jet aircraft from December 1967. This included an initial order for three aircraft valued at £4 million.[2] Laker had placed this order directly with the manufacturer in 1966. He provided more than £200,000 of his own money for the newly ordered aircraft's deposits and arranged for the remainder to be borrowed from a consortium of City banks led by Clydesdale Bank.[2][8] He placed a follow-on order for a fourth aircraft to be delivered in 1968 and acquired another relatively new aircraft that was originally delivered to the failed British Eagle airline from Bahamas Airways in 1971.[9][10][11] These were the mainstay of the fleet for its short to medium-haul charter operations to holiday resorts in theMediterranean and the Canary Islands for many years.", "precise_score": -6.367615222930908, "rough_score": -5.021281719207764, "source": "search", "title": "Airline Information - Kelling Airport" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Laker Airways, Inc was a US-registered airline Sir Freddie Laker co-owned with Oscar Wyatt. The company commenced operations in April 1996 with a leased fleet of four McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 widebodied jets and 300 employees.[123] Twice-weekly low-fare, high-quality scheduled services linking Fort Lauderdale in Florida with London Gatwick were inaugurated on 5 July 1996[124], followed by similar services linking Orlando with Manchester and Glasgow Prestwick. These flights featured an executive class with leather seats, seat back TVs and inflight catering marketed as Regency Class Service.[125] A daily Miami-Gatwick service was to start in March 1997.[123][126] Laker Airways, Inc ceased operations in 1998.[127][124]", "precise_score": -5.73244571685791, "rough_score": -7.214134693145752, "source": "search", "title": "Airline Information - Kelling Airport" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179237365722656, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Sir Freddie Laker", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323118209838867, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Fred Laker", "passage": "Frederick Alfred Laker was born at Canterbury on August 6 1922. His father, a merchant seaman, deserted the family when Freddie was five, and his mother then worked as a cleaner. At the local Simon Langton School Freddie did not shine academically, amusing friends by saying he was going to be a millionaire. His first job was delivering coal for an uncle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.829176902770996, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Tall and occasionally plump, Laker's management style was to dominate. He knew each aspect of his business as well as any employee, and, while inspiring great loyalty, knew his own mind and got his own way. He was a sharp, difficult negotiator whose ability to infuriate rivals was commemorated by his friend Prince Philip in a clerihew: \"Sir Freddie Laker/may be at peace with his maker/but he is persona non grata/with IATA.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16413688659668, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Freddie Laker was married four times. He married his first wife, Joan, in 1942 (dissolved 1968); they had a daughter and his son who predeceased him. His second marriage, to Rosemary Black, lasted from 1968 to 1975; his third, to Patricia Gates (with whom he had a son and another son who died in infancy), from 1975 to 1982. He married, fourthly, Jacqueline Harvey, a former air hostess, in 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.837056159973145, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Freddie Laker - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Laker Airways was a wholly private, British independent airline founded by Sir Freddie Laker in 1966. It originally was a charter airlineflying passengers and cargo worldwide. Its head office was located at London Gatwick Airport in Crawley, England.[1]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.710413932800293, "source": "search", "title": "Airline Information - Kelling Airport" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Sir Freddie Laker became an inspiration and cautionary tale for Sir Richard Branson and Virgin Atlantic Airways, when they set about deciding their long-term strategy.[114][115]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.3885498046875, "source": "search", "title": "Airline Information - Kelling Airport" }, { "answer": "Freddie Laker", "passage": "Laker Airways (Bahamas) was an airline based in the Bahamas to which Sir Freddie Laker lent his name and operational expertise. The airline was established in 1992 with financial assistance from Oscar Wyatt, a Texas oilman and business partner of Sir Freddie Laker. The fleet comprised two Boeing 727-200 Advanced narrowbodied jet aircraft. Laker Airways (Bahamas) was wound up in 2005.[122]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.892705917358398, "source": "search", "title": "Airline Information - Kelling Airport" } ]

[ { "answer": "Harp", "passage": "The other big brewers introduced their own brands. Guinness launched Harp Irish Lager in 1960. Whitbread signed an agreement to import Heineken in 1961; Watneys linked up with Carlsberg in 1968.", "precise_score": -1.100568413734436, "rough_score": 0.8393652439117432, "source": "search", "title": "The 60s and 70s Beer Guide - Retrowow" }, { "answer": "Harp", "passage": "The Guinness Harpist and The Topiary Sealion figurines will be produced between April & September 2010 and anyone who is interested and not already on their mailing list can telephone them on 01636 703075 or send an email to [email protected] .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.011300086975098, "source": "search", "title": "The Guinness Collectors Club" } ]

[ { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Workshop on International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration. The Global Exploration Strategy: The Framework for Coordination. Paris, France: European Space Agency, 2007.", "precise_score": -0.4451833963394165, "rough_score": -5.919232368469238, "source": "search", "title": "International Cooperation in Space - NASA" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "ESA director-general Jean-Jacques Dordain called Thursday's agreement a \"momentous occasion\" for the ExoMars program after meeting with the head of Roscosmos, Vladimir Popovkin, at the ESA headquarters in Paris. Dordain said in a statement that the agreement \"will demonstrate the competitiveness of European industry, be important for preparing a solid participation of ESA in future international exploration missions and address the key question of whether life ever arose on Mars.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.051375389099121, "source": "search", "title": "Russia and Europe Team Up for Mars Missions - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Paris, France - MERIS, 14 July 2003", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.295913696289062, "source": "search", "title": "What is ESA? - European Space Agency" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "ESA's headquarters are in Paris which is where policies and programmes are decided. ESA also has sites in a number of European countries, each of which has different responsibilities:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.48762321472168, "source": "search", "title": "What is ESA? - European Space Agency" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "That visit was preceded on Oct. 8, 2012 by the China Manned Space Agency's director general Wang Zhaoyao and the first Chinese female astronaut, Liu Yang, visiting Dordain, at ESA's Parisian headquarters. Yang was involved in the 2012 Shenzhou-9 mission that docked with Tiangong-1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.116302490234375, "source": "search", "title": "Europe Prepares to Cooperate With China on Space Station" } ]

[ { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Tires that are hollow but are not pressurized have also been designed for automotive use, such as the Tweel (a portmanteau of tire and wheel), which is an experimental tire design being developed at Michelin. The outer casing is rubber as in ordinary radial tires, but the interior has special compressible polyurethane springs to contribute to a comfortable ride. Besides the impossibility of going flat, the tires are intended to combine the comfort offered by higher-profile tires (with tall sidewalls) with the resistance to cornering forces offered by low profile tires. They have not yet been delivered for broad market use.", "precise_score": -6.380804061889648, "rough_score": -5.758026123046875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tire" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "The rubber pneumatic tires seen on millions of cars across the world are the result of multiple inventors working across several decades. And those inventors have names that should be recognizable to anyone who's ever bought tires for their car: Michelin, Goodyear, Dunlop.", "precise_score": -2.7943522930145264, "rough_score": -4.62380313873291, "source": "search", "title": "John Dunlop, Charles Goodyear and the History of Tires" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "In 1895, André Michelin and his brother Edouard, who had previously patented a removable bike tire, were the first to use pneumatic tires on an automobile .", "precise_score": 4.182836532592773, "rough_score": 2.395164728164673, "source": "search", "title": "John Dunlop, Charles Goodyear and the History of Tires" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "1887 - Colonel Samuel Pomeroy Colt appointed receiver for bankrupt National Rubber Company of Bristol, RI; manufactured variety of rubber goods (rubber boots, shoes); 1888 - reorganized as National India Rubber Company; acquired controlling interest in several smaller companies; 1892 - consolidated holdings with fledgling U.S. Rubber Company in Naugatuck, CT; became United States Rubber Company; largest manufacturer of rubber goods in world; 1896 - one of 12 original industrial stocks in first Dow Industrial average; 1901 - Colt president (Chairman in 1918); January 2, 1917 - registered \"Keds\" trademark first used July 14, 1916 (rubber, leather, and fabric boots and shoes); 1961 - name changed to Uniroyal Inc.; September 10, 1963 - registered \"Uniroyal\" trademark first used September 5, 1962 (rubber adhesives); August 1986 - merged with tire division of B.F. Goodrich Company in joint venture private partnership, became Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company (Goodrich held 50% interest); June 1988 - Goodrich stake acquired for $225 million. by Clayton & Dubilier, Inc.; May 1990 - acquired by Michelin Group for about $1.5 billion.", "precise_score": -3.6109161376953125, "rough_score": -2.801649808883667, "source": "search", "title": "rubber-lined, cotton-webbed fire hose - Business History Links" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "May 28, 1889 - Andre and Edouard Michelin began manufacturing rubber bicycle tires (1886 - had taken over failing family agricultural goods business in small central French town of Clermont-Ferrand in Auvergne region of France); September 11, 1891 - Edouard Michelin received a French patent (received U. S. patent on May 16, 1893) for a \"Pneumatic-Tire\" (\"comprises two distinct and independent parts...to permit the rapid removal of the exterior tire for the purpose of changing or repairing the air chamber in case of its becoming broken or deteriorated\"); detachable tire; 1898 - introduced 'Michelin Man' (known as Bibendum in rest of world; by Marius Rossillon O'Gallop, well-known illustrator); 1900 - introduced Michelin Guide as motorist's guide (included driving distances, locations of gas stations, hotels, spare parts, repair services).", "precise_score": 5.57734489440918, "rough_score": 3.5545668601989746, "source": "search", "title": "rubber-lined, cotton-webbed fire hose - Business History Links" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "1892 - Nine rubber companies in Naugatuck, CT consolidated operations, founded U. S. Rubber Company; May 26, 1896 - included in twelve industrial manufacturing stocks in Dow Industrial average created by Charles Dow (until 1930); 1961 - name changed to Uniroyal Inc.; September 10, 1963 - registered \"Uniroyal\" trademark first used September 5, 1962 (rubber adhesives); August 1986 - merged with B.F. Goodrich Company, became Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company; June 1988 - Goodrich sold its 50% stake for $225 million to group of investors led by Clayton & Dubilier, Inc., private equity firm; May 1990 - acquired by Michelin Group for $1.5 billion.", "precise_score": -3.579639196395874, "rough_score": -3.358699321746826, "source": "search", "title": "rubber-lined, cotton-webbed fire hose - Business History Links" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Michelin has been a part of the tire industry in the United States since 1907 when it purchased the International Rubber Company in Milltown, New Jersey. Tires and tubes were manufactured there up until 1930 when the Great Depression took its toll on what had become the fourth largest tire manufacturer in the country with 2,000 employees. The Michelin North America as we know it today took form In March of 1950. With three sizes and two different tread designs of truck tires made with metallic plies, five people started Michelin Tire Corporation in New York City. There was an executive vice president, a vice president of sales, a secretary, a warehouse supervisor and one newly hired sales representative. The tires cost anywhere from 40-50% more than the competition but their construction with metal plies bonded to rubber allowed Michelin salesmen to offer a tire solution to fleets operating under the most severe conditions. This included fleets dealing with extremely heavy loads and in the sanitation business. This strategy established a reputation of durability and quality still prevalent today in the modern trucking industry.", "precise_score": -2.3359885215759277, "rough_score": -2.180537223815918, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "In 1946, Michelin developed the radial tire method of construction. Michelin had bought the bankrupt Citroën automobile company in 1934, so it was able to fit this new technology immediately. Because of its superiority in handling and fuel economy, use of this technology quickly spread throughout Europe and Asia. In the U.S., the outdated bias-ply tire construction persisted, with market share of 87% as late as 1967. Delay was caused by tire and automobile manufacturers in America \"concerned about transition costs.\" In 1968, Consumer Reports, an influential American magazine, acknowledged the superiority of radial construction, setting off a rapid decline in Michelin's competitor technology. Even in the U.S., the radial tire now has a market share of 100%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.037124633789062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tire" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "The top five tire manufacturing companies by revenue are Bridgestone, Michelin, Goodyear, Continental, and Pirelli.[http://www.companiesandmarkets.com/Market-Report/research-report-on-worlds-top-50-tire-enterprises,-2010-2011-454329.asp Research Report on World's Top 50 Tire Enterprises, 2010-2011 Market Research Report - 02 December 2010]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.985386848449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tire" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Many automakers recommend replacing tires after six years, and several tire manufacturers (Bridgestone, Michelin) have called for tires to be removed from service 10 years after the date of manufacture. However, an investigative report by Brian Ross on ABC's 20/20 news magazine found that many major retailers such as Goodyear, Wal-Mart, and Sears were selling tires that had been produced six or more years ago. Currently, no law for aged tires exists in the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.976582050323486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tire" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "In terms of capital spending during fiscal 2013, Michelin and Bridgestone Corp.'s Tire Division were by far the biggest spenders, investing $2.63 billion and $2.62 billion, respectively, into their tire businesses. Goodyear and Continental A.G. trailed at $1.17 billion and $1.06 billion, respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.971582412719727, "source": "search", "title": "Tire makers commit to spend at least $8.6 billion in ..." }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "When it comes to research and development, Bridgestone and Michelin stand above the crowd in terms of pure spending on R&D and are among the leaders in terms of percentage of sales devoted to it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35580062866211, "source": "search", "title": "Tire makers commit to spend at least $8.6 billion in ..." }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Michelin and Pirelli & C. S.p.A. both committed 3.2 percent of sales to R&D, ahead of Kumho Tire, Nexen Tire and Sumitomo Rubber Industries at 2.8 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.120707511901855, "source": "search", "title": "Tire makers commit to spend at least $8.6 billion in ..." }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Michelin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.202995300292969, "source": "search", "title": "Tire makers commit to spend at least $8.6 billion in ..." }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.428213119506836, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "In well over 100 years of innovation, Michelin continues to help define the tire industry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.903985023498535, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Growth in sales led to the need for a larger facility in 1954. Developed in 1953, Michelin began to import the all-steel one ply radial truck tire in 1956. This is the tire that revolutionized the world tire market. There was interest in the radial truck, but the bulk of Michelin’s sales were the older, metallic bias ply tires. Even with steady annual growth, the annual sales volume in 1959 were less than a week’s production in a modern truck tire plant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.614884853363037, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "While the radial passenger tire had been gaining acceptance in Europe with car manufacturers in the late 1950’s, it would be the mid1960’s before it was factor in the United States. Michelin’s world-wide growth in the 1960’s was phenomenal with the opening of twelve new plants and the announcement that a plant would be built in Nova Scotia, Canada by 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.37215805053711, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Two major events happened in 1966 that drew Michelin into the largest passenger tire market in the world. Up until 1966, Michelin had only been importing small quantities of radial passenger tires to service consumers with European cars originally fitted with Michelin radial tires. That year Ford decided the 1968 Lincoln Continental Mark III would have radial tires as original equipment. Although domestic tire manufacturers had purchased the license to develop radial tires, none were successful in developing a satisfactory radial tire. Ford then selected Michelin to be the supplier. This was a major boost for both the acceptance of the radial tire and establishing Michelin in North America. The second major event that made Michelin a part of the U.S. tire market happened when SEARS went shopping for a radial tire. In an effort to get ahead of its competition and realizing the impending radialization of the tire industry, SEARS sought out a supplier and ultimately selected Michelin for their reputation of high quality and technical expertise in building radial tires. By the end of 1969 expansion necessitated another move to a larger headquarters and the work force had expanded to 250 people. The sales force was now up to 103 people in the field.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.520554542541504, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Michelin had led a revolution in the transportation industry with the introduction of the radial tire. As the global demand for radial tires accelerated, Michelin responded with an expansion plan that opened twenty-three new plants, all producing radial tires. Michelin made the decision in the early 70’s to produce only radial tires and eliminate production of the old-style bias ply tires. Two plants had been opened in Nova Scotia in 1971 and it was announced that construction would soon begin for two plants in western part of South Carolina. One plant, US2 in Anderson, SC, would build semi-finished products to supply the other plant that would produce tires. The plants were scheduled to open in 1975 and the very first radial passenger tire came off the line at US1, Greenville, South Carolina on March 10, 1975. A third plant, US3, in Spartanburg, SC came on line in 1978, producing radial truck tires for the rapidly growing radial market in the trucking industry. Expansion in the 1970’s in the U.S. was completed with the opening of US4 in Dothan, Alabama. Along with the plants, a research and development was opened center in South Carolina because the corporation has always believed in developing products exclusively for a North American market where huge geographical distances demanded different tires than established European markets. In 1979, Michelin opened a new headquarters building in Lake Success, New York to accommodate a continuously growing work force. Michelin opened the decade with 250 employees and by 1979 the number was 7,000. Michelin had also expanded its tire lines dramatically from two types of tires that still required tubes to a full line of tubeless radial passenger tires to serve the growing demand for tires with greater fuel efficiency, longer life and better handling. In 1970 there were three types of truck tires offered and the 70’s ended with an expanded line of tires to meet multiple and various needs of fleet owners, from over the road long haul operations to fleets hauling rocks or coal. There were now radial tires for bread fleets and small package delivery fleets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.395908355712891, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "The 1980’s brought the challenges of consolidation and recession to the tire industry. Fully recovered from the effects of World War II, Japanese and European countries were competing toe to toe with American companies in a global economy. Many smaller tire companies were absorbed by larger ones because it was obvious that you had to get bigger in order to survive. Michelin had to invest heavily in the expansion of North America and it was not immune to the effects of the recession that hit the tire industry in 1980 and 1981. Serious losses were off-set by becoming more cost conscious and better planning. There was major competition to deal with now who were successfully manufacturing radial tires. Michelin has always been a resilient company and it came out of that period stronger and smarter. Two more plants, one in Lexington, SC and one Nova Scotia, were opened in the early 80’s. To consolidate headquarters operations and manufacturing, Michelin made the decision to relocate its North American headquarters from New York where it had been since 1950 to Greenville, South Carolina. The doors opened at its present location in September of 1988.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.364537239074707, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "After a careful study of market trends and monitoring the actions of its two major global competitors, Michelin made the decision in 1989 to purchase the Uniroyal-Goodrich Tire Company. This acquisition would not only make Michelin the largest tire company in the world, but would provide the corporation with a portfolio of strong brands with a rich heritage in the American tire market. Uniroyal and BFGoodrich Tire formed a joint venture in 1986 to leverage each others’ strengths in the original equipment and replacement market. Michelin went into the 90’s in a position to offer the best products at the best price point in all virtually every consumer category.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.856402397155762, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Producing the highest quality tires that deliver miles and miles of driving pleasure isn’t luck. It starts at the Michelin Americas Research and Development Corporation, where innovation and technology converge with the real-world needs of demanding consumers in a highly fragmented industry. Employing 1,060 people, mostly engineers, Michelin’s R&D center in North America has developed some of the finest products in the world, including the first 80,000-mile passenger tire for American-made vehicles. Rather than focusing on one strong attribute, Michelin tires deliver just the right combination of benefits. For example, great handling combines with exceptional wet traction and high mileage together with comfort. That’s because Michelin engineers are not content with any sort of compromise or trade-offs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0659499168396, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "A vital extension of Michelin’s research and development community is the Michelin test facility in Laurens, S.C. This 3,500-acre site maintains 12 special tracks of varying lengths and surfaces for testing tires and suspension systems and for driver training. Engineers test tires for noise, adherence to wet surfaces, gravel endurance, off-road inclines, traction in mud, and vehicle dynamics, such as high-speed lane change and drift. Used primarily by Michelin, the facility also offers other groups test opportunities, such as vibration analysis and chassis loading tests in a confidential environment. The facility is also used to train law enforcement officers from North and South Carolina to enhance their skills in handling emergency situations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.472539901733398, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "A large degree of Michelin’s success in North America can be attributed to its sales and marketing groups. Michelin has long been recognized by the industry for having the best and most complete training for its sales force. The current training center in Greenville, S.C., not only conducts sales training but also hosts Michelin dealer sales personnel from all over the country to help them become more professional salespeople and better business managers. Michelin marketing teams strive each day and in every category of tires to bring increased value to consumers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.097426414489746, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Learn more about Michelin innovation", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449949264526367, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "There’s a place where the road of tomorrow is being created today. From tires that make your car more fuel efficient and safer to production and recycling methods that reduce our impact on the environment. Michelin is striving to help you find a better way forward®.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.081972122192383, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Learn more about Michelin’s a better way forward®", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45946979522705, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "As a core value, protecting the environment is pervasive throughout all facets of Michelin operations. It is a value that says growing market share or delivering revenue will not be accomplished at the expense of the environment. Whether participating and leading studies on the effect tires have on the environment or working to get membership for all the plants in the EPA National Performance Track program, Michelin is concerned about every aspect of the impact its operations has on the environment. To date, nine plants are members of the EPA National Performance Track program for environmental improvements beyond requirements. Michelin is one of the first tire manufacturers to have taken this step.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.39345645904541, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "MICHELIN Challenge Bibendum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491290092468262, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Michelin North America today", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374719619750977, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" }, { "answer": "Michelin", "passage": "Since 1998, the Michelin Group has hosted MICHELIN Challenge Bibendum®, a global forum inviting hundreds of carmakers, energy suppliers, and technology associates as well as non-governmental organizations and politicians to help develop clean vehicles and sustainable mobility.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233379364013672, "source": "search", "title": "About Michelin North America | Michelin US" } ]

[ { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Carmel-by-the-Sea, often simply referred to as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, founded in 1902 and incorporated on October 31, 1916. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is known for its natural scenery and rich artistic history. In 1906, the San Francisco Call devoted a full page to the \"artists, poets and writers of Carmel-by-the-Sea\", and in 1910 it reported that 60 percent of Carmel's houses were built by citizens who were \"devoting their lives to work connected to the aesthetic arts.\" Early City Councils were dominated by artists, and the city has had several mayors who were poets or actors, including Herbert Heron, founder of the Forest Theater, bohemian writer and actor Perry Newberry, and actor-director Clint Eastwood.", "precise_score": 0.6385069489479065, "rough_score": 5.721963882446289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carmel-by-the-Sea, California" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Residents of the Californian town of Carmel have overwhelmingly voted for actor Clint Eastwood as their mayor.", "precise_score": 6.386585235595703, "rough_score": 7.110599040985107, "source": "search", "title": "1986: Eastwood voted mayor by landslide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Actor Clint Eastwood is elected mayor in his local town of Carmel, California.", "precise_score": 6.3174567222595215, "rough_score": 7.917826175689697, "source": "search", "title": "Actor Clint Eastwood is elected mayor in his local town of ..." }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Actor Clint Eastwood is elected mayor in his local town of Carmel, California.", "precise_score": 6.3174567222595215, "rough_score": 7.917826175689697, "source": "search", "title": "Actor Clint Eastwood is elected mayor in his local town of ..." }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "On this day, April 8th, in 1986, Clint Eastwood wins 72.5 percent of the vote and is elected mayor of Carmel, California.  During his two-year tenure, he fulfilled most of his campaign promises such as making renovations and property building more accessible, preserving landscapes, and opening libraries for children. While in office, Eastwood managed to make two movies, Heartbreak Ridge and Bridge. After his tenure as mayor, Eastwood opted out for a second term because he was bored of the pettiness he dealt with on a daily basis, plus he wanted to return his focus on acting.", "precise_score": 8.68818473815918, "rough_score": 7.073432445526123, "source": "search", "title": "Actor Clint Eastwood is elected mayor in his local town of ..." }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "n January 30th, 1986, a local Carmel, California newspaper first announced the news: Clint Eastwood was running for mayor -- salary, $200 a month!", "precise_score": 5.402050971984863, "rough_score": 5.9777069091796875, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - Mayor of Carmel" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "On April 8, 1986, Clint Eastwood was overwhelmingly elected, with 72.5 % of the vote, to be the mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, or better known as just Carmel, a well known and wealthy community on the Monterey Peninsula in California. As a busy man, he quickly tired of the details he had to be involved in as mayor, and did not run for a second term. One of his best known decisions, during his mayoral tenure, was the repeal of a municipal law that forbade citizens and visitors to eat ice cream on the sidewalks of Carmel.", "precise_score": 7.523660182952881, "rough_score": 5.698681354522705, "source": "search", "title": "Clinton (Clint) Eastwood - New Netherland Institute" }, { "answer": "Clinton Eastwood", "passage": "Eastwood was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Clinton Eastwood Sr. (19061970) and his wife, Margaret Ruth (née Runner) Eastwood (19092006). He was nicknamed \"Samson\" by the hospital nurses because he weighed 11 lb at birth. He has a younger sister, Jeanne (born 1934). Eastwood's widowed mother later married a retired lumber executive, John Belden Wood (19132004), who became stepfather to Clint and Jeanne. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.127399444580078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clint Eastwood" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "In 1977, he directed and starred in The Gauntlet opposite Locke, Pat Hingle, William Prince, Bill McKinney, and Mara Corday. Eastwood portrays a down-and-out cop assigned to escort a prostitute from Las Vegas to Phoenix to testify against the mafia. Although a moderate hit with the viewing public, critics had mixed feelings about the film, with many believing it was overly violent. Ebert, in contrast, gave the film three stars and called it \"... classic Clint Eastwood: fast, furious, and funny.\" The following year, he starred in Every Which Way But Loose in an uncharacteristic offbeat comedy role. He played Philo Beddoe, a trucker and brawler who roams the American West searching for a lost love (Locke) accompanied by his brother (played by Geoffrey Lewis) and an orangutan called Clyde. The film proved surprisingly successful upon its release and became Eastwood's most commercially successful film up to that time. Panned by critics, it ranked high among the box office successes of his career and was the second-highest-grossing film of 1978. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.503437042236328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clint Eastwood" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "In 1980, Eastwood directed and played the title role in Bronco Billy alongside Locke, Scatman Crothers, and Sam Bottoms. Eastwood has cited Bronco Billy as being one of the most relaxed shoots of his career and biographer Richard Schickel has argued that Bronco Billy is Eastwood's most self-referential character. The film was a rare commercial disappointment in Eastwood's career, but was liked by critics. Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that film was \"...the best and funniest Clint Eastwood movie in quite a while\", and praised Eastwood's directing, intricately juxtaposing the old West and the new West. Later that year, Eastwood starred in Any Which Way You Can, the sequel to Every Which Way But Loose. The film received a number of bad reviews from critics, although Maslin described it as \"funnier and even better than its predecessor\". Released over the Christmas season of 1980, Any Which Way You Can was a major box office success and ranked among the top five highest-grossing films of the year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.9571533203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clint Eastwood" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Eastwood made his only foray into TV direction with the 1985 Amazing Stories episode Vanessa in the Garden, which starred Harvey Keitel and Locke. This was his first collaboration with Steven Spielberg, who later co-produced Flags of Our Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima. He would revisit the Western genre when he directed and starred in Pale Rider (1985), a film based on the classic 1953 western Shane and follows a preacher descending from the mists of the Sierras to side with the miners during the California Gold Rush of 1850. The title is a reference to the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, as the rider of the pale horse is Death, and shows similarities to Eastwood's 1973 western High Plains Drifter in its themes of morality and justice as well as its exploration of the supernatural. Pale Rider became one of Eastwood's most successful films to date. It was hailed as one of the best films of 1985 and the best western to appear for a considerable period, with Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune remarking, \"This year (1985) will go down in film history as the moment Clint Eastwood finally earned respect as an artist\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.208728313446045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clint Eastwood" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Eastwood's 30th directorial outing came with Invictus, a film based on the story of the South African team at the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with Morgan Freeman as Nelson Mandela, Matt Damon as rugby team captain François Pienaar and Grant L. Roberts as Ruben Kruger. The film met with generally positive reviews; Roger Ebert gave it three and a half stars and described it as a \"...very good film... with moments evoking great emotion,\" while Variety Todd McCarthy wrote, \"Inspirational on the face of it, Clint Eastwood's film has a predictable trajectory, but every scene brims with surprising details that accumulate into a rich fabric of history, cultural impressions and emotion.\" For the film Eastwood was nominated for Best Director at the 67th Golden Globe Awards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.149500846862793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clint Eastwood" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "In 2010, Eastwood directed Hereafter, again working with Matt Damon, who portrayed a psychic. The film had its world premiere on September 12, 2010 at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival and had a limited release later in October. Hereafter received mixed reviews from critics, with the consensus at Rotten Tomatoes being, \"Despite a thought-provoking premise and Clint Eastwood's typical flair as director, Hereafter fails to generate much compelling drama, straddling the line between poignant sentimentality and hokey tedium.\" In the same year, Eastwood served as executive producer for a Turner Classic Movies (TCM) documentary about jazz pianist Dave Brubeck, Dave Brubeck: In His Own Sweet Way, to commemorate Brubeck's 90th birthday. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.606544494628906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clint Eastwood" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Eastwood's frequent exploration of ethical values has drawn the attention of scholars, who have explored Eastwood's work from ethical and theological perspectives, including his portrayal of justice, mercy, suicide and the angel of death.Sara Anson Vaux, The Ethical Vision of Clint Eastwood (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2011)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.006205558776855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Clint Eastwood" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125829696655273, "source": "search", "title": "15 Famous Actors Turned Politicians | Backstage" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Two of Clint Eastwood's supporters were also elected on to Carmel's local council, giving him control of the five-member body.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.155351161956787, "source": "search", "title": "1986: Eastwood voted mayor by landslide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125829696655273, "source": "search", "title": "1986: Eastwood voted mayor by landslide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "After his victory, Clint Eastwood said his first priority would be to restructure some of the \"punitive\" by-laws in the town, such as those against fast-food restaurants and frisbee throwing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263955116271973, "source": "search", "title": "1986: Eastwood voted mayor by landslide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood takes over as mayor on Tuesday.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.156704902648926, "source": "search", "title": "1986: Eastwood voted mayor by landslide - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood was disgusted by Carmel’s city administration because of their regulations, zoning laws, and disrespect towards him, so he decided to run for mayor and fight back.  He never had political ambitions beyond mayor; he just wanted justice in his hometown.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.558669090270996, "source": "search", "title": "Actor Clint Eastwood is elected mayor in his local town of ..." }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood — The Movie Database (TMDb)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.070404052734375, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - The Movie Database (TMDb)" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Description above from the Wikipedia article Clint Eastwood, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.452779769897461, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - The Movie Database (TMDb)" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood - Mayor of Carmel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3389878273010254, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - Mayor of Carmel" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125829696655273, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125829696655273, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "As a teen, Clint Eastwood acted in a school play, but was struck with such stage fright he vowed never to act again. He eventually changed his mind. After graduation, he worked odd jobs before going into the Army, where he became buddies with two other soldiers who had an interest in acting, David Janssen and Martin Milner . After they were discharged, the three of them shared an apartment in Los Angeles. Janssen went on to become TV's The Fugitive, while Milner became a beat cop on Adam-12. Eastwood, of course, became one of the movies' all-time toughest tough guys, and an Oscar-winning director.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.107339859008789, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "The Hog's Breath closed in 1999, but Eastwood still owns his movie company, a golf course, Tehama Clint sportswear, and Pale Rider Ale. Eastwood sponsors the Clint Eastwood Youth Program, providing drug, alcohol, and mental health treatment for kids in and around Carmel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.976191997528076, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Clinton Eastwood", "passage": "Father: Clinton Eastwood Sr. (steelworker, b. 11-Jun-1906, d. 22-Jul-1970)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.94111156463623, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Francesca Ruth Eastwood", "passage": "Daughter: Francesca Ruth Eastwood (\"Franny\", b. 7-Aug-1993)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937723159790039, "source": "search", "title": "Clint Eastwood - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "But Clint Eastwood, or Clinton Eastwood, Jr., his birth name, was a lot more than just mayor of Carmel. He became one of Hollywood’s famous actors, a super star, and he even received more recognition as a film director, later in his career. He was awarded three Golden Globe Awards for Best Director of a film, three Academy Awards for Best Director of a film, the Cecile B. De Mille Award, and the AFI Achievement Award.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.145404815673828, "source": "search", "title": "Clinton (Clint) Eastwood - New Netherland Institute" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood was born in San Francisco on May 30, 1930. His mother, Margaret Ruth Runner, was of Dutch and Irish descent. She passed away in 2006, at age 97. His father, Clint Eastwood, Sr., was of Scottish and English ancestry. He passed away in 1990, at age 84. Clint Jr. grew up in an apparently normal family, although the family moved frequently, as his father worked in a variety of jobs along the West Coast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.557039260864258, "source": "search", "title": "Clinton (Clint) Eastwood - New Netherland Institute" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "Clint Eastwood graduated from Oakland, California, Technical High School in 1949. He then attended Los Angeles City College, studying business subjects. In the early fifties he served in the United States Army, probably as an enlistee during the Korean War. In the mid fifties he decided to seek an acting career. He made a few brief appearances in minor films including the films, “Revenge of the Creature”, and “Tarantula and Francis in the Navy”. In 1958, he got his first starting role in a feature film, “Ambush at Cimarron Pass”. A year later, in 1959, he was selected to play Rowdy Yates, in the long-running television series, “Rawhide”. This turned out to be his major break. His part in the series made his name a household name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.831440448760986, "source": "search", "title": "Clinton (Clint) Eastwood - New Netherland Institute" }, { "answer": "Clint Eastwood", "passage": "In 2001, playwright Arthur Miller gave the Jefferson Lecture on 'Politics and the art of acting,' in which he discussed how politicians all over the world had become actors. He said: \"To be credible the man who acts as President must hold in himself an element of potential dangerousness. Something similar is required in a real star actor.\" President Ronald Reagan, a former Hollywood star who was the 40th incumbent of the White House, put it more simply: \"How can a president not be an actor?\". In November 2015, Will Smith became the latest actor to announce that he is interested in a future career in politics, we look at the actors and comedians who have become politicians – or wanted to – including Arnold Schwarzenegger, Glenda Jackson and Clint Eastwood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.409278869628906, "source": "search", "title": "Actors/Comedians Who Went Into Politics - The Telegraph" } ]

[ { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News", "precise_score": 2.6638200283050537, "rough_score": -3.2141780853271484, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "The day Andy Warhol, pop art icon, died at 58 of a heart attack in 1987", "precise_score": 3.0694727897644043, "rough_score": -1.6233583688735962, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987", "precise_score": -1.3975162506103516, "rough_score": -5.819930553436279, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Pop artist Andy Warhol is shown in this 1987 photo.", "precise_score": -0.9728876948356628, "rough_score": -6.226719379425049, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol, 58, the pop culture prince who turned images of Campbell’s soup cans and Brillo pads into art, died yesterday of a heart attack at New York Hospital.", "precise_score": 6.655245304107666, "rough_score": 3.074373245239258, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": " Pop artist Andy Warhol smiles in New York in this 1976 photo.", "precise_score": 4.060612201690674, "rough_score": -1.6573220491409302, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com", "precise_score": 6.556215763092041, "rough_score": 3.66658878326416, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES", "precise_score": 4.929469585418701, "rough_score": -0.3444124460220337, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol, a founder of Pop Art whose paintings and prints of Presidents, movie stars, soup cans and other icons of America made him one of the most famous artists in the world, died yesterday. He was believed to be 58 years old.", "precise_score": 4.090429782867432, "rough_score": -1.974431037902832, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In 1962, the dam broke, with Mr. Warhol's first exhibition of the Campbell's soup cans at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles, and his show of other works at the Sidney Janis Gallery in New York. Other Pop artists, including Mr. Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist and Tom Wesselman also began to achieve prominence around the country at the time, and the movement was born.", "precise_score": 0.4190971255302429, "rough_score": -3.67254900932312, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol was born in Pittsburgh in 1928 and died in New York City in 1987. His work is included in public collections worldwide. His first major exhibition was at Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles, in 1962. Since then, his work has been the subject of numerous exhibitions in museums and galleries throughout the world, including retrospectives at Pasadena Art Museum (1970, traveled to Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Stedelijk van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven; Musée d’Art Moderne, Paris; Tate Gallery, London; and Whitney Museum of American Art, New York); Museum of Modern Art, New York (1989, traveled to Art Institute of Chicago; Hayward Gallery, London; Museum Ludwig, Cologne; Palazzo Reale, Milan; and Musée National d’Art Moderne, Paris); and Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (2001–02, traveled to Tate Modern, London; and Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles). Recent exhibitions include “Warhol: Headlines,” Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna, Rome (2011–12); “Andy Warhol: Shadows,” Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (2014–15); “Transmitting Andy Warhol,” Tate Liverpool (2014–15); and “Andy Warhol: Campbell’s Soup Cans and Other Works, 1953–1967,” Museum of Modern Art, New York (2015).", "precise_score": -0.8931446075439453, "rough_score": -5.362886428833008, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol (August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture and advertisement that flourished by the 1960s. After a successful career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol became a renowned and sometimes controversial artist. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives. It is the largest museum in the United States of America dedicated to a single artist.", "precise_score": -1.0217750072479248, "rough_score": -5.472231864929199, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Pop art was an experimental form that several artists were independently adopting; some of these pioneers, such as Roy Lichtenstein, would later become synonymous with the movement. Warhol, who would become famous as the \"Pope of Pop\", turned to this new style, where popular subjects could be part of the artist's palette. His early paintings show images taken from cartoons and advertisements, hand-painted with paint drips. Those drips emulated the style of successful abstract expressionists (such as Willem de Kooning). Warhol's first pop art paintings were displayed in April 1961, serving as the backdrop for New York Department Store Bronwit Teller's window display. This was the same stage his Pop Art contemporaries Jasper Johns, James Rosenquist and Robert Rauschenberg had also once graced. Eventually, Warhol pared his image vocabulary down to the icon itself – to brand names, celebrities, dollar signs – and removed all traces of the artist's \"hand\" in the production of his paintings.", "precise_score": -1.1407655477523804, "rough_score": -4.331582546234131, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol died in New York City at 6:32 a.m. on February 22, 1987. According to news reports, he had been making good recovery from a routine gallbladder surgery at New York Hospital before dying in his sleep from a sudden post-operative cardiac arrhythmia. Prior to his diagnosis and operation, Warhol delayed having his recurring gallbladder problems checked, as he was afraid to enter hospitals and see doctors. His family sued the hospital for inadequate care, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water intoxication.", "precise_score": -3.8718080520629883, "rough_score": -7.075611114501953, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Roy Lichtenstein (October 27, 1923 – September 29, 1997) was a prominent American pop artist. During the 1960s, his paintings were exhibited at the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York City and along with Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, James Rosenquist and others he became a leading figure in the new art movement. His work defined the basic premise of pop art better than any other through parody.  Favoring the old-fashioned comic strip as subject matter, Lichtenstein produced hard-edged, precise compositions that documented while it parodied often in a tongue-in-cheek humorous manner. His work was heavily influenced by both popular advertising and the comic book style. He described Pop Art as, \"not 'American' painting but actually industrial painting\".", "precise_score": 2.1326889991760254, "rough_score": -2.2310562133789062, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Rosenquist has said the following about his involvement in the Pop Art movement: \"They(art critics) called me a Pop artist because I used recognizable imagery. The critics like to group people together. I didn't meet Andy Warhol until 1964. I did not really know Andy or Roy Lichtenstein that well. We all emerged separately.\"", "precise_score": -5.176350116729736, "rough_score": -6.742654800415039, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Billy Apple, ONZM (born Barrie Bates in Auckland, New Zealand in 1935) is an artist whose work is associated with the New York and British schools of Pop Art in the 1960s and with the Conceptual Art movement in the 1970s. He collaborated with the likes of Andy Warhol and other pop artists. His work is part of the permanent collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (New Zealand), Auckland Art Gallery / Toi o Tamaki (New Zealand), the Christchurch Art Gallery / Te Puna o Waiwhetu (New Zealand), The University of Auckland (New Zealand) and the SMAK/Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst (Ghent, Belgium).", "precise_score": -1.0366400480270386, "rough_score": -3.7775607109069824, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "The Sidney Janis Gallery held the New Realists exhibition in November 1962, which included works by the American artists Jim Dine, Robert Indiana, Roy Lichtenstein, Claes Oldenburg, James Rosenquist, George Segal, and Andy Warhol; and Europeans such as Arman, Enrico Baj, Christo, Yves Klein, Tano Festa, Mimmo Rotella, Jean Tinguely, and Mario Schifano. It followed the Nouveau Réalisme exhibition at the Galerie Rive Droite in Paris, and marked the international debut of the artists who soon gave rise to what came to be called Pop Art in Britain and The United States and Nouveau Réalisme on the European continent. Wesselmann took part in the New Realist show with some reservations, exhibiting two 1962 works: Still life #17 and Still life #22.", "precise_score": -3.824202060699463, "rough_score": -5.378047466278076, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In 1964 Ben Birillo, an artist and business partner of gallery owner Paul Bianchini, contacted Wesselmann and other Pop artists with the goal of organizing The American Supermarket at the Bianchini Gallery in New York. This was an installation of a large supermarket where Pop works (Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup, Watts’s colored wax eggs etc.) were shown among real food and neon signs. In the same year Wesselmann began working on landscapes, including one that includes the noise of a Volkswagen starting up. The first shaped canvas nudes also appeared this year.", "precise_score": 0.07414567470550537, "rough_score": -2.8854408264160156, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In 1960, Warhol began to make his first paintings. They were based on comic strips in the likes of Dick Tracy, Popeye, Superman, and two of Coca-Cola bottles. In 1961, using the Dick Tracy comic strip, he designed a window display for Lord & Taylor, at this time, major art galleries around the nation begin noticing his work. In 1962, Warhol made paintings of dollar bills and Campbell soup cans, and his work was included in an important exhibition of pop art, The New Realists, held at Sidney Janis Gallery, New York. In November of this year, Elanor Ward showed his paintings at Stable Gallery, and the exhibition began a sensation. In 1963, he rented a studio in a firehouse on East 87th Street. He met his assistant, Gerard Malanga , and started making his first film, Tarzan and Jane Regained... Sort of (1964). Later, he drove to Los Angeles for his second exhibition at the Ferus Gallery. In November of that year, he found a loft at 231 East 47th Street, which became his main studio, The Factory. In December, he began production of Red Jackie, the first of the Jackie series. In 1964, his first solo exhibition in Europe, held at the Galerie Ileana Sonnebend in Paris, featured the Flower series. He received a commission from architect Philip Johnson to make a mural, entitled Thirteen Most Wanted Men for the New York State Pavilion in the New York World's Fair. In April, he received an Independent Film Award from Film Culture magazine. In November, his first solo exhibition in the US was held at Leo Castelli Gallery. And at this time, he began his self portrait series.", "precise_score": -4.8960723876953125, "rough_score": -5.342772006988525, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol's \"A: A Novel,\" published in 1968, is based on 24 hours of tape recordings (24 one-hour tapes) of Ondine speaking. His tape-recorded musings were transcribed and typed up and serve as the basis of the novel, which was disingenuously presented as one day in the life of Ondine. The book is one of the premier artifacts of the Pop art movement/Pop culture. Warhol followed Ondine around New York City with a tape recorder, recording their conversations. Ondine was addicted to amphetamines and was prone to wild verbal flights that covered many subjects. To type up the tapes, Warhol hired teenage girls, some of whom were barely literate and made many errors. Warhol \"edited\" the resulting manuscript during a series of concerts given by The Velvet Underground ( Lou Reed is one of the \"characters\" in the novel), sitting in the rear of the theater in the dark, reading proof sheets with a flashlight. Like James Joyce when confronted with transcription errors made by the French printers/compositors of the first edition of \"Ulysses\" (1922), Warhol loved the mistakes and decided to keep them in. He thought the mistakes improved the book as it made it worse, more of a Pop manifesto, and insisted that all the errata be left in the final draft, which he fancied as a Pop \"Finnegans Wake.\" In his later book/memoir \"Popism,\" Warhol explained, \"I wanted to do a 'bad book' just the way I'd done 'bad movies' and 'bad art,' because when you do something exactly wrong, you always turn up something.\" Warhol, the author, refused to filter out the \"background noise\" or \"static,\" thus preventing the reader from following a coherent narrative thread. The book intentionally is boring, as are many of Warhol's films. Of his films Warhold said that talking about them was more interesting than actually viewing them, and this likely was his intent with \"A: A Novel\" -- to create an artifact that made people talk about it -- and think.", "precise_score": -4.7906670570373535, "rough_score": -8.361470222473145, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "A prominent figure in New York's highly visible downtown art community, Mr. Haring socialized with artists and rock musicians like Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Kenny Scharf, Madonna, Yoko Ono and Boy George. His art also adorned discotheques like the Palladium in Manhattan, MTV set decorations, a backdrop for a 1985 hunger-relief concert in Philadelphia, walls on the Lower East Side and props for various modern-dance works. His prodigious and far-flung works could also be seen in such disparate settings as Australian museums, Brazilian fishermen's houses and a Swiss department store.", "precise_score": -3.850428342819214, "rough_score": -6.225846767425537, "source": "search", "title": "Keith Haring, Artist, Dies at 31 - Career Began in Subway ..." }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol was pronounced dead at 6:31 a.m. after a team of doctors tried in vain for an hour to revive him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06550121307373, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "A private nurse was with Warhol in his hospital room when the heart attack occurred about 5:30 a.m. as he slept. She quickly summoned a cardiac-arrest team but its efforts failed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395844459533691, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol’s death shocked the art community, his friends and the glitterati who surrounded the slender, pallid and soft-spoken celebrity, alway recognizable in his blond wig.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.565281867980957, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Today, at an 8 p.m. auction in Christie’s art gallery, three recently completed Warhol paintings of Graham as a young dancer will be auctioned off to benefit the Martha Graham Dance Company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.066664695739746, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Richard Oldenburg, director of the Museum of Modern Art, said Warhol “was one of the first people to really become a star as an artist.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.960436820983887, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Born Andrew Warhola, one of three sons of Czech immigrants, Warhol grew up in the industrial city of McKeesport, Pa., near Pittsburgh. A delicate youth, he suffered three nervous breakdowns as a child.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.305559158325195, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Filmmaker Andy Warhol checks lighting for picture featuring underground movie star Edie Sedgwick.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41306209564209, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "But Warhol grew restless in the constraints of the work. He began showing drawings in 1956, and began to paint in earnest four years later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35356330871582, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "At first dismissed by some as a fraud, Warhol attracted fans through representation of commercial items, celebrities and common circumstance as art.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.437813758850098, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Artist Andy Warhol and underground star Ultra Violet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.766973495483398, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "In 1969, he founded Interview magazine, a compendium of jet-set gossip. In the 1970s, he produced images of the famous that filled the fourth floor of the Whitney Museum of American Art in a 1979 show. He also produced films such as “Andy Warhol’s Frankenstein” and spiced them up with scenes of incest and necrophilia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.940418243408203, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "By the 1980s, Warhol moved in new attempts to startle viewers. In one, he produced his “Oxidation” series by urinating on bronze-coated canvases.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.212717056274414, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "A fixture on the New York art world’s social scene, Warhol began hosting a cable television program, Andy Warhol’s TV,” in 1983 and recently began producing “Andy Warhol’s Fifteen Minutes” for MTV.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.426900863647461, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol, a devout Catholic, bachelor and health enthusiast, also was retiring to the point that he was said to shrink from human touch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490480422973633, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "He was nearly killed in 1968 when actress Valerie Solanas, a member of a group called SCUM (Society for Cutting Up Men), stormed into Warhol’s Union Square Gallery and shot him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.29740047454834, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "The bullet entered Warhol’s abdomen and chest, passed into his lung, and hit his spleen, stomach, liver and esophagus before penetrating the right lunch and exiting his right rise. Solanas was sentenced to three years in jail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42309284210205, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol spent nearly two months in the hospital and afterward reportedly sent doubles to public events. Such eccentricities only contributed to the public’s long fascination with him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.458645820617676, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol recently resumed creating works for some favored organizations, such as the Save the Children campaign, and he was scheduled to appear Friday at an awards ceremony for socially conscious corporations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.488932609558105, "source": "search", "title": "The day artist Andy Warhol died at 58 in 1987 - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Though best known for his earliest works - including his silk-screen image of a Campbell's soup can and a wood sculpture painted like a box of Brillo pads - Mr. Warhol's career included successful forays into photography, movie making, writing and magazine publishing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270003318786621, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In all these endeavors, Mr. Warhol's keenest talents were for attracting publicity, for uttering the unforgettable quote and for finding the single visual image that would most shock and endure. That his art could attract and maintain the public interest made him among the most influential and widely emulated artists of his time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.093588829040527, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Although himself shy and quiet, Mr. Warhol attracted dozens of followers who were anything but quiet, and the combination of his genius and their energy produced dozens of notorious events throughout his career. In the mid-1960's, he sometimes sent a Warhol look alike to speak for him at lecture engagements, and his Manhattan studio, ''the Factory,'' was a legendary hangout for other artists and hangers-on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.893718719482422, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In 1968, however, a would-be follower shot and critically wounded Mr. Warhol at the Factory. After more than a year of recuperation, Mr. Warhol returned to his career, which he increasingly devoted to documenting, with Polaroid pictures and large silk-screen prints, political and entertainment figures. He started his magazine, and soon became a fixture on the fashion and jet-set social scene.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.802338600158691, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In the 1980's, after a relatively quiet period in his career, Mr. Warhol burst back onto the contemporary art scene as a mentor and friend to young artists, including Keith Haring, Kenny Scharf and Jean-Michel Basquiat. With Mr. Basquiat, Mr. Warhol collaborated on a series of paintings in which he shunned mechanical reproduction techniques and painted individual canvases for the first time since the early 1960's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.706942558288574, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "''Being good in business is the most fascinating kind of art,'' he said on one occasion. On another, he said: ''Art? That's a man's name.'' As widely known as his art and his own image were, however, Mr. Warhol himself was something of a cipher. He was uneasy while speaking about himself. ''The interviewer should just tell me the words he wants me to say and I'll repeat them after him,'' he once said. Date of Birth Uncertain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331748008728027, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "The earliest facts of his life remain unclear. He was born somewhere in Pennsylvania in either 1928, 1929 or 1930, according to three known versions of his life. (The most commonly accepted date is Aug. 6, 1928.) The son of immigrant parents from Czechoslovakia, his father a coal miner - the family's name was Warhola -he attended the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon University), from which he graduated with a degree in pictorial design in 1949.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.166595458984375, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "He immediately set out for New York, where he changed his name to Warhol and began a career as an illustrator and a commerical artist, working for Tiffany's, Bonwit Teller's, Vogue, Glamour, The New York Times and other magazines and department stores.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.239978790283203, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Success, however, was not immediate. Leo Castelli, the art dealer best known for discovering the artists Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg, saw Mr. Warhol's paintings but declined to show his work, since Roy Lichtenstein, who also painted pictures taken from comic strips, was already represented by the gallery. Ivan Karp, a talent scout for Castelli who discovered Mr. Warhol, tried to help him find a New York gallery that would show his work, with no success. The Birth of a Movement", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.159759521484375, "source": "search", "title": "ANDY WARHOL, POP ARTIST, DIES - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417573928833008, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Avedon Warhol", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42336368560791, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Right: Andy Warhol, Miriam Davidson, 1965, spray paint and silkscreen ink on canvas, 80 1/4 × 80 1/2 inches (203.8 × 204.5 cm). Private collection © 2015 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.249741554260254, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "—Andy Warhol", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42658519744873, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Gagosian London is pleased to present the first major exhibition to pair works by Richard Avedon and Andy Warhol. Both artists rose to prominence in postwar America with parallel artistic output that occasionally overlapped. Their most memorable images, produced in response to changing cultural mores, are icons of the twentieth century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.001923561096191, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Portraiture was a shared focus of both artists, and they made use of repetition and serialization: Avedon through the reproducible medium of photography, and in his group photographs, for which he meticulously positioned, collaged, and reordered images; Warhol in his method of stacked screenprinting, which enabled the consistent reproduction of an image. Avedon’s distinctive gelatin-silver prints and Warhol's boldly colored silkscreens variously depict many of the same recognizable faces, including Marella Agnelli, Bianca Jagger, Jacqueline Kennedy, Marilyn Monroe, and Rudolf Nureyev.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96651554107666, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Both Avedon and Warhol originated from modest beginnings and had tremendous commercial success working for major magazines in New York, beginning in the 1940s. The 1960s marked artistic turning points for both artists as they moved away increasingly from strictly commercial work towards their mature independent styles. The works in the exhibition, which date from the 1950s through the 1990s, emphasize such common themes as social and political power; the evolving acceptance of cultural differences; the inevitability of mortality; and the glamour and despair of celebrity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.530926704406738, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Each gallery will juxtapose works that underscore these themes, beginning with The Family (1976), Avedon's ambitious conceptual portrayal of sixty-nine individuals at the epicenter of American politics at that time, together with Warhol’s monumental portrait of the revolutionary Mao Tse-tung, Mao (1972). In both works, little emotion or expression is revealed in the sitters' faces or postures. Such deadpan was a mark of Pop art ambivalence, more commonly associated with Warhol, but equally applicable in this instance to Avedon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.077533721923828, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Both artists sought out individuals who were outside, as well as inside, the mainstream. For Avedon, this resulted in the larger-than-lifesize mural of Andy Warhol and members of The Factory (1969), who represented the heart of New York subculture and incarnated the sexual and cultural revolution. Meanwhile, Warhol memorialized the beauty of drag queens—who he once described as “ambulatory archives of ideal moviestar womanhood”—in his pioneering series of silkscreens, Ladies and Gentlemen (1975).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.001744270324707, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "The third gallery contains an extended meditation on the darker side of human existence, as well as its potential salvation: Warhol’s Skull and Guns paintings are juxtaposed with photographs from Avedon’s Brandenburg Gate portfolio, taken during the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12697982788086, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Finally, celebrity was a topic that was equally explored by both artists: Avedon in his iconic images of Brigitte Bardot (1959) and Audrey Hepburn (1967); and Warhol in his dramatically rendered superstars, such as Double Elvis (1963) and Four Marilyns (Reversal Series) (1986). Driven by their cosmopolitan awareness and mindfulness of the potential for their work to stir change, as well as their diverse cast of modern muses, Avedon and Warhol harnessed the power of images to reflect the revolutionary social attitudes of their time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.782472610473633, "source": "search", "title": "Avedon Warhol - February 9 - April 23, 2016 - Gagosian Gallery" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43402099609375, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol (né Andrej Varchola, Jr.) was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Varchola (1889-1942)(americanized as Andrew Warhola,Sr.) and Júlia (née Zavacká, 1892–1972),[4] whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. Andy had two older brothers Paul, born about 1923 and John born about 1925.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.435819625854492, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "His parents were working-class Rusyn emigrants from Mikó (now called Miková), located in today’s northeastern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Warhol's father immigrated to the US in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhol's grandparents. Warhol's father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Andy Warhol had two older brothers – Pavol (Paul), the oldest, was born in Slovakia; Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavol's son, James Warhola, became a successful children's book illustrator. About 1939, he starts collecting autographed cards of film stars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.64175033569336, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In third grade, Warhol had chorea, the nervous system disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever and causes skin pigmentation blotchiness. He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors. Often bedridden as a child, he became an outcast at school and bonded with his mother. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed. Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.286666870117188, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "As a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in the year 1945. Though not medically diagnosed, Andy had dyslexia, which contributed to broadening his imagination for art. He perceived the world differently from other artists, who did not have this disorder, which was somewhat of a underlying gift. After graduating from high school, his intentions were to study art education at the University of Pittsburgh in hopes of becoming an art teacher, but his plans changed to enrolling in the Carnegie Institute of Technology to pursue an art career as a commercial illustrator. In 1949, he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Graphic Design.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.891929626464844, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "By the beginning of the 1960s, Warhol had become a very successful commercial illustrator. His detailed and elegant drawings for I. Miller shoes were particularly popular. They consisted mainly of \"blotted ink\" drawings (or monoprints), a technique which he applied in much of his early art. Although many artists of this period worked in commercial art, most did so discreetly. Warhol was so successful, however, that his profile as an illustrator seemed to undermine his efforts to be taken seriously as an artist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03377628326416, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "To him, part of defining a niche was defining his subject matter. Cartoons were already being used by Lichtenstein, typography by Jasper Johns, and so on; Warhol wanted a distinguishing subject. His friends suggested he should paint the things he loved the most. It was the gallerist Muriel Latow who came up with the ideas for both the soup cans and Warhol's dollar paintings. On November 23, 1961 Warhol wrote Latow a check for $50 which, according to the 2009 Warhol biography, Pop, The Genius of Warhol, was payment for coming up with the idea of the soup cans as subject matter. For his first major exhibition Warhol painted his famous cans of Campbell's Soup, which he claimed to have had for lunch for most of his life. The work sold for $10,000 at an auction on November 17, 1971, at Sotheby's New York – a minimal amount for the artist whose paintings sell for over $6 million more recently.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.985894203186035, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "He loved celebrities, so he painted them as well. From these beginnings he developed his later style and subjects. Instead of working on a signature subject matter, as he started out to do, he worked more and more on a signature style, slowly eliminating the hand-made from the artistic process. Warhol frequently used silk-screening; his later drawings were traced from slide projections. At the height of his fame as a painter, Warhol had several assistants who produced his silk-screen multiples, following his directions to make different versions and variations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.288728713989258, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In 1979, Warhol was commissioned by BMW to paint a Group 4 race version of the then elite supercar BMW M1 for the fourth installment in the BMW Art Car Project. Unlike the three artists before him, Warhol declined the use of a small scale practice model, instead opting to immediately paint directly onto the full scale automobile. It was indicated that Warhol spent only a total of 23 minutes to paint the entire car. Warhol produced both comic and serious works; his subject could be a soup can or an electric chair. Warhol used the same techniques– silkscreens, reproduced serially, and often painted with bright colors – whether he painted celebrities, everyday objects, or images of suicide, car crashes, and disasters, as in the 1962–63 Death and Disaster series. The Death and Disaster paintings included Red Car Crash, Purple Jumping Man, and Orange Disaster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.780223846435547, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "The unifying element in Warhol's work is his deadpan Keatonesque style – artistically and personally affectless. This was mirrored by Warhol's own demeanor, as he often played \"dumb\" to the media, and refused to explain his work. The artist was famous for having said that all you need to know about him and his works is already there, \"Just look at the surface of my paintings and films and me, and there I am. There's nothing behind it.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.59984302520752, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol's first portrait of Basquiat (1982) is a black photosilkscreen over an oxidized copper \"piss painting\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.422910690307617, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "After many years of silkscreen, oxidation, photography, etc., Warhol returned to painting with a brush in hand in a series of over 50 large collaborative works done with Jean-Michel Basquiat between 1984 and 1986. Despite negative criticism when these were first shown, Warhol called some of them \"masterpieces,\" and they were influential for his later work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203990936279297, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "The influence of the large collaborations with Basquiat can be seen in Warhol's The Last Supper cycle, his last and possibly his largest series, seen by some as \"arguably his greatest,\" but by others as “wishy-washy, religiose” and “spiritless.\" It is also the largest series of religious-themed works by any U.S. artist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.091697692871094, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "At the time of his death, Warhol was working on Cars, a series of paintings for Mercedes-Benz.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.019674301147461, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "A self-portrait by Andy Warhol (1963–64), which sold in New York at the May Post-War and Contemporary evening sale in Christie's, fetched $38.4 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.540412902832031, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "On May 9, 2012, his classic painting \"Double Elvis (Ferus Type)\" sold at auction at Sotheby's in New York for US$33 million dollars. With commission, the sale price totaled US$37,042,500, short of the $50 million that Sotheby's had predicted the painting might bring. The piece (silkscreen ink and spray paint on canvas) shows Elvis Presley in a gunslinger pose. It was first exhibited in 1963 at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. Warhol made 22 versions of the \"Double Elvis,\" nine of which are held in museums.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.423029899597168, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol's body was taken back to Pittsburgh by his brothers for burial. The wake was at Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home and was an open-coffin ceremony. The coffin was a solid bronze casket with gold plated rails and white upholstery. Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit, a paisley tie, a platinum wig, and sunglasses. He was posed holding a small prayer book and a red rose. The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church on Pittsburgh's North Side. The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter Tay. Yoko Ono, John Richardson, and Nicholas Love were speakers. The coffin was covered with white roses and asparagus ferns. After the liturgy, the coffin was driven to St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, a south suburb of Pittsburgh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13199520111084, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "At the grave, the priest said a brief prayer and sprinkled holy water on the casket. Before the coffin was lowered, Paige Powell dropped a copy of Interview magazine, an Interview t-shirt, and a bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume \"Beautiful\" into the grave. Warhol was buried next to his mother and father. A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.665908813476562, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Warhol's will dictated that his entire estate – with the exception of a few modest legacies to family members – would go to create a foundation dedicated to the \"advancement of the visual arts\". Warhol had so many possessions that it took Sotheby's nine days to auction his estate after his death; the auction grossed more than US$20 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290749549865723, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "In 1987, in accordance with Warhol's will, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts began. The Foundation serves as the official Estate of Andy Warhol, but also has a mission \"to foster innovative artistic expression and the creative process\" and is \"focused primarily on supporting work of a challenging and often experimental nature.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.217803001403809, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "The Artists Rights Society is the U.S. copyright representative for the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts for all Warhol works with the exception of Warhol film stills. The U.S. copyright representative for Warhol film stills is the Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh. Additionally, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts has agreements in place for its image archive. All digital images of Warhol are exclusively managed by Corbis, while all transparency images of Warhol are managed by Art Resource.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.679949760437012, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "The Andy Warhol Foundation released its 20th Anniversary Annual Report as a three-volume set in 2007: Vol. I, 1987–2007; Vol. II, Grants & Exhibitions; and Vol. III, Legacy Program. The Foundation remains one of the largest grant-giving organizations for the visual arts in the U.S.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173225402832031, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "A pivotal event was the 1964 exhibit \"The American Supermarket\", a show held in Paul Bianchini's Upper East Side gallery. The show was presented as a typical small supermarket environment, except that everything in it — the produce, canned goods, meat, posters on the wall, etc. — was created by six prominent pop artists of the time, including Billy Apple, Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg, Tom Wesselmann, Jasper Johns, Mary Inman, James Rosenquist and Robert Watts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.572051048278809, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "While not a cohesive movement, the idea of Pop Art (a name coined by Lawrence Alloway and others) was gradually spreading among international art critics and the public. In As Henry Geldzahler observed: “About a year and a half ago I saw the works of Wesselmann..., Warhol, Rosenquist and Lichtenstein in their studios (it was more or less July 1961). They were working independently, unaware of each other, but drawing on a common source of imagination. In the space of a year and a half they put on exhibitions, created a movement and we are now here discussing the matter in a conference. This is instant history of art, a history of art that became so aware of itself as to make a leap that went beyond art itself”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.027775764465332, "source": "search", "title": "Ten famous pop art artists : Brobas" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449362754821777, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43402099609375, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Andrew Warhol's father, Ondrej, came from the Austria-Hungary Empire (now Slovakia) in 1912, and sent for his mother, Julia Zavacky Warhola, in 1921. His father worked as a construction worker and later as a coal miner. Around some time, the family moved to Pittsburgh. During his teenage years, Andy suffered from several nervous breakdowns. Overcoming this, he graduated from Schenley High School in Pittsburgh in 1945, and enrolled in the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon University), graduating in June 1949. During college, he met Philip Pearlstein , a fellow student.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.811047554016113, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "After graduation, Andy Warhol (having dropped the letter 'a' from his last name) moved to New York City, and shared an apartment with Pearlstein at St. Mark's Place off of Avenue A for a couple months. During this time, he moved in and out of several Manhattan apartments. In New York, he met Tina Fredericks , art editor of Glamour Magazine. Warhol's early jobs were doing drawings for Glamour, such as the Success is a Job in New York, and women's shoes. He also drew advertising for various magazines, including Vogue, Harper's Bazzar, book jackets, and holiday greeting cards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.833398818969727, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "During the 1950s, he moved to an apartment on East 75th Street. His mother moved in with him, and Fritizie Miller become his agent. In 1952, his first solo exhibition was held at Hugo Gallery, New York, of drawings to illustrate stories by Truman Capote . He started illustrating books, beginning with Amy Vanderbilt's Complete Book of Etiquette. Around 1953-1955, he worked for a theater group on the Lower East Side, and designs sets. It is around that time that he dyed his hair silver. Warhol published several books, including Twenty Five Cats Named Sam, and One Blue Pussy. In 1956, he traveled around the world with Charles Lisanby , a television-set designer. In April of this year, he was included in his first group exhibition, Recent Drawings USA, held at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. He began receiving accolades for his work, with the 35th Annual Art Directors Club Award for Distinctive Merit, for an I.Miller shoe advertisement. He published In The Bottom Of My Garden later that year. In 1957, received 36th Annual Art Directors Club Medal and Award of Distinctive Merit, for the I.Miller show advertisements, and Life Magazine published his illustrations for an article, \"Crazy Golden Slippers\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.537369728088379, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "In the summer of 1965, Andy Warhol met Paul Morrissey , who became his advisor and collaborator. His first solo museum exhibition was held at the Institute of Contempary Art, at the University of Pennsylvania. During this year, he made a surprise announcement of his retirement from painting, but it was to be short lived. He would resume painting again in 1972. It was around this time that he met Lou Reed , John Cale , Sterling Morrison , and Maureen Tucker (collectively known as The Velvet Underground ), and a German-born model turned chanteuse called Nico . He paired Nico with the Velvets, and they developed a close bond with Warhol. This was an alliance that forever changed the face of world culture. Warhol produced the group's first album, The Velvet Underground and Nico, which has been called \"the most influential record ever\" by many critics. Later, a multimedia show developed (called The Exploding Plastic Inevitable), managed, and produced by Warhol, featuring the Velvet Underground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.32563304901123, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "In the summer of 1966, Warhol's film Chelsea Girls (1966) became the first underground film to be shown at a commercial theater. In 1967, Chelsea Girls opened in Los Angeles and San Francisco, and six of his Self Portraits were shown at Expo 67 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In August of this year, he gave a lecture at various colleges in the Los Angeles area, his persona is so popular that some colleges hire Allen Midgette to impersonate him for lectures. Later, Warhol moved The Factory to 33 Union Square West, and met Fred Hughes , who later became President of Enterprises, and Interview Magazine. In 1968, Warhol's first solo European museum exhibition was held at Moderna Museet, Stockholm. But later that year on June 3, 1968, Warhol was shot by Valerie Solanas , an ultra-radical and member of the entourage surrounding Warhol. Solanis was the founder of SCUM (Society for Cutting Up Men) Fortunately, Warhol survived the assassination attempt after spending two months in a hospital. This incident is the subject of the film, I Shot Andy Warhol (1996). Afterwards, Andy Warhol dropped out of the filmmaking business, but now and then continued his contribution to film and art. He never emotionally recovered from his brush with death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.017810821533203, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "During the 1970s and 80s, Andy Warhol's status as a media icon skyrocketed, and he used his influence to back many younger artists. He began publishing of Interview magazine, with the first issue being released in fall of 1969. In 1971, his play, entitled Pork, opened at London at the Round House Theatre. He resumed painting in 1972, although it was primarily celebrity portraits. The Factory was moved to 860 Broadway, and in 1975, he bought a house on Lexington Street. A major retrospective of his work is held in Zurich. In 1976, he did the Skulls, and Hammer and Sickle series. Throughout the late 70s and 80s, a retrospective exhibition was held, as Warhol began work on the Reversals, Retrospectives, and Shadows series. The Myths series, Endangered Species series, and Ads series followed through the early and mid 1980s. On 22 February 1987, a \"day of medical infamy\", as quoted by one biographer, Andy Warhol died following complications from gall bladder surgery. He was 58 years old.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.642342567443848, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "In 1990, Lou Reed and John Cale made a CD album called \"Songs for Drella\" as a tribute to Warhol with 15 songs about Warhol's life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190007209777832, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Produced The Velvet Underground 's first album. He essentially lent his name to their work and observed them in the recording studio, while Lou Reed and later Tom Wilson (who had worked earlier with Bob Dylan ) mostly called the shots. The cover of the band's first album (with Nico ) was Warhol's design: a banana with a peel that was actually a peelable sticker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.162457466125488, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Avoided the subject of death, except in his paintings (the Disaster series). He did not attend the funerals of his superstars nor did he attend his mother's funeral when she died in November 1972. After she passed away he continued to give the impression that she was still alive to people who would ask about her. Warhol did not mention his mother's death to any of his close friends. As late as 1976, when friends asked about his mother, Andy said, 'Oh, she's great. But she doesn't get out of bed much.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.859902381896973, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "His father, who traveled much on business trips, died when Warhol was 13.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.84660530090332, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Son of immigrants from the town Miková, located in today's northeastern Slovakia. His original name was \"Warhola\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472033500671387, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "He bequeathed his wig to singer David Bowie , who later wore it to portray Warhol in Basquiat (1996). Bowie had written the song \"Andy Warhol\" in tribute to him, which featured on his 1971 album \"Hunky Dory\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.419902801513672, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "His nephew, James Warhola, wrote and illustrated a children's book titled \"Uncle Andy's.\" It is about a little boy who visits his famous uncle in New York City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.706307411193848, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "His brother owned a junkyard in upstate New York. Periodically his brother would bring him odd scraps of junk, which Warhol would use in his art.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.257941246032715, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Gore Vidal once described Andy Warhol as \"The only genius I've ever known with an IQ of 60\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.389154434204102, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Warhol - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Dia | Art | Warhol, Andy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356915473937988, "source": "search", "title": "Art | Artist A-Z| Warhol, Andy" }, { "answer": "Warhol", "passage": "Dia's Andy, a magazine inspired in part by the design of Interview includes texts by and interviews with Warhol, facsimiles of early reviews of Warhol's works and exhibitions, texts focusing on the work included in the exhibition, and a new essay by art historian Liz Kotz on Warhol's A: A Novel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16237735748291, "source": "search", "title": "Art | Artist A-Z| Warhol, Andy" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "The Work of Andy Warhol (Discussions in Contemporary Culture #3)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.453130722045898, "source": "search", "title": "Art | Artist A-Z| Warhol, Andy" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Edited by Gary Garrels. These essays focus on the engagement of Andy Warhol's personality and life with his artwork.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.238526344299316, "source": "search", "title": "Art | Artist A-Z| Warhol, Andy" }, { "answer": "Andy Warhol", "passage": "Andy Warhol: Memorial", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462339401245117, "source": "search", "title": "Art | Artist A-Z| Warhol, Andy" } ]

[ { "answer": "Heart attack while jogging", "passage": "James Fuller \"Jim\" Fixx (April 23, 1932 – July 20, 1984) was an American who authored the 1977 best-selling book The Complete Book of Running. He is credited with helping start America's fitness revolution, popularizing the sport of running and demonstrating the health benefits of regular jogging. He died of a heart attack while jogging at 52 years of age. His genetic predisposition for heart problems and other previous lifestyle factors may have caused his heart attack.", "precise_score": 6.140256881713867, "rough_score": 7.859442710876465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jim Fixx" }, { "answer": "Heart attack while jogging", "passage": "Jim Fixx, populariser of jogging for health and exercise, died of a heart attack while jogging.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.889591693878174, "source": "search", "title": "People who suffered inappropriate deaths [Archive ... - CPFC" } ]

[ { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier, nicknamed “Baby Doc” () (3 July 19514 October 2014), was the President of Haiti from 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded his father François \"Papa Doc\" Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti after the latter's death in 1971. After assuming power, he introduced cosmetic changes to his father's regime and delegated much authority to his advisors. Thousands of Haitians were killed or tortured, and hundreds of thousands fled the country during his presidency. He maintained a notoriously lavish lifestyle (including a state-sponsored US$2million wedding in 1980), and made millions from involvement in the drug trade and from selling body parts from dead Haitians while poverty among his people remained the most widespread of any country in the Western Hemisphere. ", "precise_score": 4.877533435821533, "rough_score": 6.874413967132568, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "A private citizen, named Jacques Samyn, unsuccessfully sued to expel Duvalier as an illegal immigrant (the Duvaliers were never officially granted asylum in France). In 1998, a Haitian-born photographer, Gérald Bloncourt, formed a committee in Paris to bring Duvalier to trial. At the time, the French Ministry of the Interior said that it could not verify whether Duvalier still remained in the country due to the recently enacted Schengen Agreement which had abolished systematic border controls between the participating countries.[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/haiti/baby-doc.htm Haitian exiles want to take “Baby Doc” to court] However, Duvalier's lawyer Sauveur Vaisse said that his client was still in France and denied that the exiled leader had fallen on hard times. ", "precise_score": -0.011342043057084084, "rough_score": 1.8539488315582275, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier, known as Baby Doc, is a former dictator of Haiti . Mr. Duvalier ruled with brutality and corruption for nearly 15 years before being overthrown in 1986.", "precise_score": 6.549350261688232, "rough_score": 7.203425407409668, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "In 1971, Francois Duvalier suddenly died of an illness and named his son to succeed him. At 19, Jean-Claude Duvalier became the world's youngest president.", "precise_score": -1.9781988859176636, "rough_score": 1.0865988731384277, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Known as 'Baby Doc,' Duvalier was exiled from the country after a popular uprising brought down his brutal regime.", "precise_score": 3.931758165359497, "rough_score": 4.917661190032959, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY ..." }, { "answer": "Jean Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Barbara Walters talks with exiled Leader Jean Claude Duvalier Haiti in June 1986.", "precise_score": 3.68161940574646, "rough_score": 7.491184711456299, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "In 1971, Francois Duvalier suddenly died of an illness and named his son to succeed him. At 19, Jean-Claude Duvalier became the world's youngest president.", "precise_score": -1.9781988859176636, "rough_score": 1.0865988731384277, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dead at 63 ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Exiled former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier returned unexpectedly to his Caribbean homeland on Sunday for the first time since he was driven from power by a popular uprising in 1986.", "precise_score": 5.010101318359375, "rough_score": 7.599191665649414, "source": "search", "title": "Factbox: Ex-dictator Baby Doc makes surprise return to ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier (nicknamed “Bébé Doc” or “Baby Doc”) (3 July 1951 - 4 October 2014) was the ruler of Haiti from 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986. He had called himself \"president-for-life\" and ruled with an iron fist, aided by a brutal private militia known as the Tontons Macoutes. He succeeded his father, François “Papa Doc” Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti upon his father’s death in 1971.", "precise_score": 5.143288612365723, "rough_score": 7.015558242797852, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier - Caribbean Elections" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "MEXICO CITY — Haiti ’s political crisis took a stunning turn on Sunday when Jean-Claude Duvalier , the dictator known as Baby Doc who was overthrown in 1986, arrived unexpectedly in the capital from exile in France.", "precise_score": 4.988799571990967, "rough_score": 6.264866352081299, "source": "search", "title": "Exiled Haitian Dictator, ‘Baby Doc’ Duvalier, Returns Home ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Jean-Claude (Baby Doc) Duvalier (born 1951) succeeded his father, François (Papa Doc) Duvalier, as president-for-life of Haiti in 1971. He ruled with less of his father's repression but was deposed February 7, 1986. Living in exile in France, he grew increasingly destitute, having mismanaged much of the wealth he allegedly took out of Haiti.", "precise_score": 4.73178768157959, "rough_score": 6.965131759643555, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Born in July 1951, Jean-Claude Duvalier became president of Haiti at age 19, when his father, the feared and hated Dr. François (Papa Doc) Duvalier died suddenly in April of 1971. The elder Duvalier, who rose to power in the late 1950s, had proclaimed himself president-for-life in 1964 and declared his eldest son heir apparent in 1969. \"Baby Doc\" Duvalier, as he came to be known, was educated entirely in Haiti. He visited Europe as a teenager, but was reportedly more interested in the continent's hedonist diversions than its other treasures. On the eve of his ascendance to the presidency, visiting journalists described him as a buffoon; his school-days nickname, \"Baskethead,\" had followed him into adulthood.", "precise_score": 0.9293851852416992, "rough_score": 3.2742695808410645, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier (zhäN-klōd düvälyā´), 1951–2014, president of Haiti (1971–86). At age 19, he was proclaimed \"president for life\" upon the death of his father, Francois Duvalier . Under great pressure from the United States to moderate the corrupt and dictatorial regime of his father, he made a show of introducing reforms, replacing some of his father's cabinet ministers, and freeing a number of political prisoners. For a time, he managed to improve Haiti's international image, although substantively his rule did not markedly differ from his father's often brutal tyranny. Known as \"Baby Doc,\" he was strongly influenced by his mother, Simone Duvalier, and by his young wife, Michele Bennet, whom he married in 1980. In 1986, antigovernment demonstrations toppled Duvalier's regime; he fled into exile in France. In 2011, he returned to Haiti and was soon charged with having engaged in corruption and embezzlement during his presidency, but his death ended the case against him.", "precise_score": 4.8696489334106445, "rough_score": 5.474149227142334, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Relations with the United States improved after Duvalier's ascension to the presidency, and later deteriorated under the Carter administration, only to again improve under Ronald Reagan due to the strong anti-communist stance of the Duvaliers. Rebellion against the Duvalier regime broke out in 1985 and Baby Doc fled to France in 1986 on a U.S. Air Force craft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.325745165348053, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "In April 1971, he assumed the presidency of Haiti at the age of 19 upon the death of his father, François Duvalier (nicknamed \"Papa Doc\"), becoming the world's youngest president. Initially, Jean-Claude Duvalier resisted the dynastic arrangement that had made him Haiti's leader, having preferred that the presidency go to his older sister Marie-Denise Duvalier, and was content to leave substantive and administrative matters in the hands of his mother, Simone Ovide Duvalier, and a committee led by Luckner Cambronne, his father's Interior Minister, while he attended ceremonial functions and lived as a playboy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8782508969306946, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "By neglecting his role in government, Duvalier squandered considerable domestic and foreign goodwill and facilitated the dominance of Haitian affairs by a clique of hardline Duvalierist cronies, the so-called \"dinosaurs\". Foreign officials and observers also seemed tolerant toward \"Baby Doc\" in areas such as human rights monitoring and foreign countries were more generous to him with economic assistance. The Nixon administration restored the United States aid program for Haiti in 1971.Metz, Helen Chapin, Dominican Republic and Haiti : Country Studies, Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., December 1989, ISBN 0-8444-1044-6.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.5338592529296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "In February 2010, a Swiss court agreed to release more than US$4million to Jean-Claude Duvalier, although the Swiss Foreign Ministry said it would continue to block the release of the money. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.434365272521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.279164791107178, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.08791983127594, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "News about Jean-Claude Duvalier, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. More", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.680926322937012, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "unsuccessful attempt to kidnap the dictator's son, Jean-Claude Duvalier, and daughter, Simone Duvalier. The Dominican Republic reacted with outrage and", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.668348789215088, "source": "search", "title": "The Duvalier Dynasty 1957-1986 - Latin American Studies" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "the time of his death in 1971, François Duvalier designated his son, Jean-Claude Duvalier, as Haiti's new leader. To the Haitian elite, who still dominated the", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7253479957580566, "source": "search", "title": "The Duvalier Dynasty 1957-1986 - Latin American Studies" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "The first few years after Jean-Claude Duvalier's installation as Haiti's ninth president-for-life were a largely uneventful extension of his father's rule. Jean-Claude was a feckless, dissolute nineteen-year-old, who had been raised in an extremely isolated environment and who had never expressed any interest in politics or Haitian affairs. He initially resented the dynastic arrangement that had made him Haiti's leader, and he was content to leave substantive and administrative matters in the hands of his mother, Simone Ovid Duvalier, while he attended ceremonial functions and lived as a playboy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8983967304229736, "source": "search", "title": "The Duvalier Dynasty 1957-1986 - Latin American Studies" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "had displayed for his more formidable father. Foreign officials and observers also seemed more tolerant toward \"Baby Doc,\" in areas such as human-rights", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435807228088379, "source": "search", "title": "The Duvalier Dynasty 1957-1986 - Latin American Studies" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Initial reporting on the AIDS outbreak in Haiti implied that the country might have been a source for the human immune deficiency virus. This rumor, which turned out to be false, hurt the nation's tourism industry, which had grown during Jean-Claude Duvalier's tenure. Already minimal, public services deteriorated as Jean- Claude and his ruling clique continued to misappropriate funds from the national treasury.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5886712074279785, "source": "search", "title": "The Duvalier Dynasty 1957-1986 - Latin American Studies" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY Daily News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.872179985046387, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "'Baby Doc' dead: Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies of heart attack", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.76168155670166, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.471858501434326, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Duvalier, looking somewhat frail, made a surprise return to Haiti in 2011, allowing victims of his regime to pursue legal claims against him and prompting some old allies to rally around him. Neither side gained much support, and the once-feared dictator known as \"Baby Doc\" spent his late years in relative obscurity in the leafy hills above the Haitian capital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.556280136108398, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier ruled for 15 years, his administration seen as less violent and repressive than his father's. Echoes of press freedom and personal criticism, never tolerated under his father, emerged — sporadically — because of international pressure. Still, human rights groups documented abuses and political persecution. A trio of prisons known as the \"Triangle of Death,\" which included the much-feared Fort Dimanche for long-term inmates, symbolized the brutality of his regime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.123985528945923, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dies - NY ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dead at 63 | Fox News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.737357139587402, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dead at 63 ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dead at 63", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.192293167114258, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dead at 63 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "FILE 2013: Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier, known as 'Baby Doc' attends his hearing at court in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.  (AP)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7899696826934814, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dead at 63 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Duvalier, looking somewhat frail, made a surprise return to Haiti in 2011 , allowing victims of his regime to pursue legal claims against him and prompting some old allies to rally around him. Neither side gained much support, and the once-feared dictator known as \"Baby Doc\" spent his late years in relative obscurity in the leafy hills above the Haitian capital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.556280136108398, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dead at 63 ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier ruled for 15 years, his administration seen as less violent and repressive than his father's. Echoes of press freedom and personal criticism, never tolerated under his father, emerged -- sporadically -- because of international pressure. Still, human rights groups documented abuses and political persecution. A trio of prisons known as the \"Triangle of Death,\" which included the much-feared Fort Dimanche for long-term inmates, symbolized the brutality of his regime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3121583461761475, "source": "search", "title": "Ousted Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier dead at 63 ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Factbox: Ex-dictator Baby Doc makes surprise return to Haiti | Reuters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.431863784790039, "source": "search", "title": "Factbox: Ex-dictator Baby Doc makes surprise return to ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Factbox: Ex-dictator \"Baby Doc\" makes surprise return to Haiti", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.347434043884277, "source": "search", "title": "Factbox: Ex-dictator Baby Doc makes surprise return to ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "* Duvalier, 59, is popularly known as \"Baby Doc\" and is the son of Haiti's former authoritarian leader Francois \"Papa Doc\" Duvalier. He took power after his father's death in 1971, becoming one of the world's youngest heads-of-state at age 19.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9750941395759583, "source": "search", "title": "Factbox: Ex-dictator Baby Doc makes surprise return to ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "* \"Baby Doc\" Duvalier ruled Haiti with an iron fist for 15 years, calling himself \"president-for-life\" before fleeing the country after an outbreak of popular protests. He lived in exile in France before his surprise return to Haiti.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.364232063293457, "source": "search", "title": "Factbox: Ex-dictator Baby Doc makes surprise return to ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Caribbean Elections Biography | Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.221026420593262, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier - Caribbean Elections" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.507658004760742, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier - Caribbean Elections" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "He attended College Bird and Saint-Louis de Gonzague. Later, under the direction of several professors, including Maitre Gerard Gourgue, at the University of Haiti, he studied law. During April 1971, he assumed the presidency of Haiti at the age of 19 upon the death of his father, François Duvalier (nicknamed “Papa Doc”), becoming the world’s youngest president. Initially, Jean-Claude Duvalier resisted the dynastic arrangement that had made him Haiti’s leader, having preferred that the presidency go to his older sister Marie-Denise Duvalier, and was content to leave substantive and administrative matters in the hands of his mother, Simone Ovide Duvalier, and a committee led by Luckner Cambronne, his father’s Interior Minister, while he attended ceremonial functions and lived as a playboy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9439747333526611, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier - Caribbean Elections" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "By neglecting his role in government, Duvalier squandered considerable domestic and foreign goodwill and facilitated the dominance of Haitian affairs by a clique of hardline Duvalierist cronies, the so-called “dinosaurs”. Foreign officials and observers also seemed more tolerant toward “Baby Doc” in areas such as human rights monitoring, and foreign countries were more generous to him with economic assistance. The Nixon administration restored the US aid program for Haiti in 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.752686977386475, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier - Caribbean Elections" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "In 1984 Ernest Preeg, U.S. ambassador to Haiti (1981–1983) wrote a monograph on Haiti’s part in the Reagan Caribbean Basin Initiative. One paragraph stated…”It can honestly be said that the Jean-Claude Duvalier presidency is the longest period of violence-free stability in the nation’s history.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7331132888793945, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier - Caribbean Elections" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "The frail-looking Baby Doc said that he was not there for politics, but because he wanted to “help.” Banking experts, however, suspected that he had arrived to circumvent new Swiss regulations preventing exiled leaders from obtaining money stolen from their countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.55689811706543, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier - Caribbean Elections" }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier died in his home of a heart attack on Saturday, 4 October 2014. He was 63.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8056323528289795, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier - Caribbean Elections" }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Exiled Haitian Dictator, ‘Baby Doc’ Duvalier, Returns Home - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6525824069976807, "source": "search", "title": "Exiled Haitian Dictator, ‘Baby Doc’ Duvalier, Returns Home ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier, the former Haitian leader known as ‘Baby Doc’, at the Karibe Hotel in Port-au-Prince on Sunday night. Credit Allison Shelley/Getty Images", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.677020788192749, "source": "search", "title": "Exiled Haitian Dictator, ‘Baby Doc’ Duvalier, Returns Home ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier, center, the former Haitian president, arrived Sunday at the Port-au-Prince airport. He did not detail his plans to reporters. Credit Ramon Espinosa/Associated Press", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.143542289733887, "source": "search", "title": "Exiled Haitian Dictator, ‘Baby Doc’ Duvalier, Returns Home ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier’s departure from Haiti 25 years ago, which was arranged with the assistance of the United States, ushered in a period of halting democracy that has continued with tumultuous elections.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.03318977355957, "source": "search", "title": "Exiled Haitian Dictator, ‘Baby Doc’ Duvalier, Returns Home ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier dies from heart attack at home near Port-au-Prince | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.188560962677002, "source": "search", "title": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier dies from heart attack at home near Port-au-Prince", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.527437210083008, "source": "search", "title": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Baby Doc continued the oppressive regime, executing political opponents", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.482126235961914, "source": "search", "title": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier, the country's self-proclaimed 'president for life', died today of a heart attack.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.56292200088501, "source": "search", "title": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Baby Doc was a 19-year-old chubby playboy when he ‘inherited’ the country - one of the world's poorest - from his despotic father after he died suddenly of an illness in 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.191154479980469, "source": "search", "title": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "Young leader: Baby Doc, pictured left in 1980, was a 19-year-old playboy when he ‘inherited’ the country from his despotic father after he died suddenly in 1971. He kept order with a brutal secretive police", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.291558265686035, "source": "search", "title": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Corrupt: As Haiti's living conditions deteriorated under the rule of Jean-Claude Duvalier, Pope John-Paul II made a visit in 1983 and famously declared: 'Things must change'. Above, Duvalier, his wife and the Pope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.070757269859314, "source": "search", "title": "Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Jean-Claude Duvalier", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9347429275512695, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "passage": "Jean-Claude Duvalier", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.08791983127594, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Baby Doc", "passage": "During the early years of the elder Duvalier presidency, exiled Haitians—some supported clandestinely by the United States—invaded their homeland in attempts to oust him, but all were repulsed. In late 1978 Baby Doc Duvalier's government was also threatened by an invasion in the northeast, at Cape St. Nicholas. Several dozen exiles came ashore from small boats. They proved no match for the Haitian army. A second invasion took place in 1982, when a small group of exiles led by a Miami garage owner landed on Tortuga, a small island off Haiti's northwest coast All of those who landed were imprisoned and shot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.579164981842041, "source": "search", "title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier Facts, information, pictures ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "1987 – Matthias Rust, a 19-year-old amateur pilot from West Germany, takes off from Helsinki, Finland, travels through more than 400 miles of Soviet airspace, and lands his small Cessna aircraft in Red Square by the Kremlin. The event proved to be an immense embarrassment to the Soviet government and military. Rust, described by his mother as a “quiet young man…with a passion for flying,” apparently had no political or social agenda when he took off from the international airport in Helsinki and headed for Moscow. He entered Soviet airspace, but was either undetected or ignored as he pushed farther and farther into the Soviet Union. Early on the morning of May 28, 1987, he arrived over Moscow, circled Red Square a few times, and then landed just a few hundred yards from the Kremlin. Curious onlookers and tourists, many believing that Rust was part of an air show, immediately surrounded him. Very quickly, however, Rust was arrested and whisked away. He was tried for violating Soviet airspace and sentenced to prison. He served 18 months before being released. The repercussions in the Soviet Union were immediate. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sacked his minister of defense, and the entire Russian military was humiliated by Rust’s flight into Moscow. U.S. officials had a field day with the event–one American diplomat in the Soviet Union joked, “Maybe we should build a bunch of Cessnas.” Soviet officials were less amused. Four years earlier, the Soviets had been harshly criticized for shooting down a Korean Airlines passenger jet that veered into Russian airspace. Now, the Soviets were laughingstocks for not being able to stop one teenager’s “invasion” of the country. One Russian spokesperson bluntly declared, “You criticize us for shooting down a plane, and now you criticize us for not shooting down a plane.”", "precise_score": 7.285943031311035, "rough_score": 7.192969799041748, "source": "search", "title": "Uncategorized | This Day in U.S. Military History | Page 17" }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "Taken from Zubok's \"A Failed Nation,\" Developed by Kevin R. Sacerdote May 1987 May 1987: Matthias Rust, a young West German pilot, flew a sport plane into the USSR from Finland and landed on Red Square. The bizarre Rust affair allowed Gorbachev to remove most of the old top brass, beginning with the minister of defense…Rust, after spending several months in the KGB Lubianka prison, quietly obtained amnesty.[1][1] July 1987, as part of his GLASNOST policy the new thinkers started to publish forbidden manuscripts, criticizing the Brezhnev Era of stagnation, and promoting anti-Stalinist films and novels. [1][1] Zubock, p. 300", "precise_score": 5.676585674285889, "rough_score": 6.851290225982666, "source": "search", "title": "The Fall of Communism Kevin Sacerdote Mandarin High School ..." }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "^ 1987 West German pilot lands in Red Square", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.049774169921875, "source": "search", "title": "28 May History: This Date - safran-arts.com" }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "      At the end of a daring flight into the heart of the USSR, Mathias Rust, 19, lands his small plane in Moscow�s Red Square, the site of Lenin�s Tomb and frequent Soviet patriotic demonstrations. The plane had not been detected once during its 1100-km flight from Helsinki, Finland. Soviet authorities hastily arrested the pilot at his conspicuous landing spot, and in September, he was convicted on charges stemming from the flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.154449462890625, "source": "search", "title": "28 May History: This Date - safran-arts.com" }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "      Matthias Rust, a 19-year-old amateur pilot from West Germany, takes off from Helsinki, Finland, travels through more than 400 miles of Soviet airspace, and lands his small Cessna aircraft in Red Square by the Kremlin. The event proved to be an immense embarrassment to the Soviet government and military. Rust, described by his mother as a \"quiet young man...with a passion for flying,\" apparently had no political or social agenda when he took off from the international airport in Helsinki and headed for Moscow. He entered Soviet airspace, but was either undetected or ignored as he pushed farther and farther into the Soviet Union. Early on the morning of May 28, 1987, he arrived over Moscow, circled Red Square a few times, and then landed just a few hundred yards from the Kremlin. Curious onlookers and tourists, many believing that Rust was part of an air show, immediately surrounded him. Very quickly, however, Rust was arrested and whisked away. He was tried for violating Soviet airspace and sentenced to prison. He served 18 months before being released. The repercussions in the Soviet Union were immediate. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sacked his minister of defense, and the entire Russian military was humiliated by Rust's flight into Moscow. US officials had a field day with the event — one American diplomat in the Soviet Union joked, \"Maybe we should build a bunch of Cessnas.\" Soviet officials were less amused. Four years earlier, the Soviets had been harshly criticized for shooting down a Korean Airlines passenger jet that veered into Russian airspace. Now, the Soviets were laughingstocks for not being able to stop one teenager's \"invasion\" of the country. One Russian spokesperson bluntly declared, \"You criticize us for shooting down a plane, and now you criticize us for not shooting down a plane.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.183980464935303, "source": "search", "title": "28 May History: This Date - safran-arts.com" }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "1987 West German pilot lands in Red Square       ^top^", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.839128494262695, "source": "search", "title": "28 May History: This Date - Xoom.it" }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "      At the end of a daring flight into the heart of the USS.R., Mathias Rust, 19, lands his small plane in Moscow�s Red Square, the site of Lenin�s Tomb and frequent Soviet patriotic demonstrations. The plane had not been detected once during its 1100-km flight from Helsinki, Finland. Soviet authorities hastily arrested the pilot at his conspicuous landing spot, and in September, he was convicted on charges stemming from the flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.71610951423645, "source": "search", "title": "28 May History: This Date - Xoom.it" }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "      Matthias Rust, a 19-year-old amateur pilot from West Germany, takes off from Helsinki, Finland, travels through more than 400 miles of Soviet airspace, and lands his small Cessna aircraft in Red Square by the Kremlin. The event proved to be an immense embarrassment to the Soviet government and military. Rust, described by his mother as a \"quiet young man...with a passion for flying,\" apparently had no political or social agenda when he took off from the international airport in Helsinki and headed for Moscow. He entered Soviet airspace, but was either undetected or ignored as he pushed farther and farther into the Soviet Union. Early on the morning of May 28, 1987, he arrived over Moscow, circled Red Square a few times, and then landed just a few hundred yards from the Kremlin. Curious onlookers and tourists, many believing that Rust was part of an air show, immediately surrounded him. Very quickly, however, Rust was arrested and whisked away. He was tried for violating Soviet airspace and sentenced to prison. He served 18 months before being released. The repercussions in the Soviet Union were immediate. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sacked his minister of defense, and the entire Russian military was humiliated by Rust's flight into Moscow. US officials had a field day with the event — one American diplomat in the Soviet Union joked, \"Maybe we should build a bunch of Cessnas.\" Soviet officials were less amused. Four years earlier, the Soviets had been harshly criticized for shooting down a Korean Airlines passenger jet that veered into Russian airspace. Now, the Soviets were laughingstocks for not being able to stop one teenager's \"invasion\" of the country. One Russian spokesperson bluntly declared, \"You criticize us for shooting down a plane, and now you criticize us for not shooting down a plane.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.183980464935303, "source": "search", "title": "28 May History: This Date - Xoom.it" }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "SQUARE DEALS 1. How many square inches are there in a square foot? 2. How many squares are there on a chess board? 3. In which European capital city is Wenceslas Square to be found? 4. Muhammad Ali’s first professional defeat was at the hands of Joe Frazier on March 8, 1971, at which famous New York venue? 5. Unsquare Dance was a 1962 UK Top 20 hit single for which American jazz pianist? 6. What is the name of the large city square in the centre of Beijing that was the focal point of student-led popular demonstrations in the spring of 1989? 7. Where did the inexperienced amateur pilot Matthias Rust illegal land his light aircraft on May 28, 1987? 8. Which American animated television series created in 1999 by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon, chronicles the adventures and endeavours of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom? 9. Which British comedian hosted the comedy game show Celebrity Squares from 1975 to 1979 and from 1993 to 1997? 10. Which London Square is home to the American Embassy? Not a lot of people know that... Arsenal Football Club were formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, south-east London Answers 1. 144, 2. 64, 3. PRAGUE, 4. MADISON SQUARE GARDEN, 5. DAVE BRUBECK (QUARTET), 6. TIANANMEN SQUARE, 7. RED SQUARE, 8. SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS, 9. BOB MONKHOUSE, 10. GROSVENOR SQUARE – although the official residence of the Ambassador of the United States of America to the Court of St James's is Winfield House in Regent's Park.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.016347885131836, "source": "search", "title": "Euro Weekly News - Costa del Sol 10 - 16 March 2016 Issue ..." }, { "answer": "Red Square", "passage": "Matthias Rust lands his plane in Red Square �", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.271156311035156, "source": "search", "title": "Today in History... [Archive] - Page 7 - SETI.USA Forums" } ]

[ { "answer": "London Gatwick", "passage": "Virgin Atlantic, a trade name of Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited, is a British airline with its head office in Crawley, United Kingdom. The airline was established in 1984 as British Atlantic Airways, and was originally planned by its co-founders Randolph Fields and Alan Hellary to fly between London and the Falkland Islands. Soon after changing the name to Virgin Atlantic Airways, Fields sold his shares in the company after disagreements with Sir Richard Branson over the management of the company. The maiden flight from London Gatwick to Newark Liberty International Airport took place on 22 June 1984. The airline along with Virgin Holidays is controlled by a holding company, Virgin Atlantic Limited, which is 51% owned by the Virgin Group and 49% by Delta Air Lines. It is administratively separate from other Virgin-branded airlines.", "precise_score": 5.0127854347229, "rough_score": 6.5512895584106445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "London Gatwick", "passage": "Virgin Atlantic uses a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing wide-body aircraft and operates to destinations in North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East and Asia from its main bases at London Heathrow and London Gatwick and its secondary base at Manchester. The airline also operates flights from Glasgow and seasonal flights from Belfast.", "precise_score": 2.681673765182495, "rough_score": 5.628791809082031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "Gatwick", "passage": "Virgin Atlantic also maintains ten lounges called 'the Clubhouse' located in London (Heathrow and Gatwick), New York-JFK, Newark, Boston, Washington D. C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Johannesburg and Hong Kong. They are accessible for passengers travelling in Upper Class and Flying Club Gold Tier members.", "precise_score": 3.1329212188720703, "rough_score": 5.83001184463501, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "London Gatwick", "passage": "Many large airports are located near railway trunk routes for seamless connection of multimodal transport, for instance Frankfurt Airport, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, London Heathrow Airport, London Gatwick Airport and London Stansted Airport. It is also common to connect an airport and a city with rapid transit, light rail lines or other non-road public transport systems. Some examples of this would include the AirTrain JFK at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, Link Light Rail that runs from the heart of downtown Seattle to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, and the Silver Line T at Boston's Logan International Airport by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). Such a connection lowers risk of missed flights due to traffic congestion. Large airports usually have access also through controlled-access highways ('freeways' or 'motorways') from which motor vehicles enter either the departure loop or the arrival loop.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.893111705780029, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airport" }, { "answer": "Gatwick Airport", "passage": "However, the short runway at Port Stanley Airport and the time it would take to improve it made the scheme unviable, so the idea of the Falklands service was dropped. Instead, Hellary and Fields tried to secure a licence from Gatwick Airport to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. A three-day inquiry in May 1983 rejected the application after British Airways, British Caledonian, and BAA objected.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.18106460571289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "Gatwick", "passage": "Hellary and Fields then applied for a licence between Gatwick and Newark, using a 380-seat McDonnell Douglas DC-10. However, faced with the prospect of direct competition from People Express, a post-deregulation \"no frills\" discount airline at Newark, they decided to secure more funding before proceeding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.266773223876953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "Gatwick", "passage": "On 22 June 1984, Virgin Atlantic operated its inaugural scheduled service between Gatwick and Newark using a leased Boeing 747-200 (registration ), christened Maiden Voyager, formerly operated by Aerolíneas Argentinas. Part of Richard Branson's approach to business is to succeed within the first year or exit the market. This includes a one-year limit on everything associated with starting up. Virgin Atlantic became profitable within the first 12 months, aided by sister company Virgin Records' ability to finance the lease of a secondhand Boeing 747. The firm timed operations to take advantage of a full summer, from June to September, the most profitable period of the year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.61623477935791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "Gatwick Airport", "passage": "In November 1984 the airline started a service between Gatwick Airport and Maastricht Aachen Airport in the Netherlands using a chartered BAC One-Eleven/ ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.101304054260254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "Gatwick", "passage": "In 1986, the airline added another Boeing 747 and started a scheduled route from Gatwick to Miami. Additional aircraft were acquired and routes launched from Gatwick to New York JFK (1988), Tokyo (1989), Los Angeles (1990), Boston (1991), and Orlando (1992). In 1987, a service was launched between Luton and Dublin using Viscount turboprop aircraft, but this was withdrawn around 1990. In 1988, Club Air operated two Boeing 727 jet aircraft on behalf of Virgin. These served the Luton to Dublin route until about 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.13979959487915, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "Gatwick Airport", "passage": "Before its inception, British Airways had been the only airline from the United Kingdom serving long-haul routes to destinations in North America, the Caribbean, and the Far East since the BA-BCal merger in the late 1980s. In 1991, Virgin was given permission to operate from Heathrow following the abolition of the London Air Traffic Distribution Rules (TDRs) which had governed the distribution of traffic between Heathrow and Gatwick airports since 1978, primarily to bolster the profitability of Gatwick. Airlines without an international scheduled service from Heathrow prior to 1 April 1977 were obliged to operate from Gatwick. However, airlines that did not already operate at Heathrow were still able to begin domestic scheduled services there provided BAA, which ran both Heathrow and Gatwick on behalf of the UK Government, and the Secretary of State for Transport granted permission.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5689783096313477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "Gatwick Airport", "passage": "Virgin Atlantic's head office, known as The Office, is located on a business park in Crawley, England, near Gatwick Airport and also houses the corporate offices of Virgin Holidays. The company operates several offices and call centres around the world, with a large office in Swansea, Wales, which is a base for reservations and sales; baggage claims and tracing; 'live chat' web support, and a customer relations department.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9156244397163391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" }, { "answer": "Gatwick", "passage": "Virgin Atlantic uses a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircraft. Boeing 747-400s and Airbus A330-300s are used on selected routes from Gatwick, Glasgow, and Manchester, with the A330 being used on other flights as well. Boeing 747s, Airbus A340s and Airbus A330s are used interchangeably on all routes from Heathrow. In August 2002, Virgin became the first airline to operate the Airbus A340-600. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.235864639282227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virgin Atlantic" } ]

[ { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Controversy exists over the Falklands' discovery and subsequent colonisation by Europeans. At various times, the islands have had French, British, Spanish, and Argentine settlements. Britain reasserted its rule in 1833, although Argentina maintains its claim to the islands. In April 1982, Argentine forces temporarily occupied the islands. British administration was restored two months later at the end of the Falklands War. Most Falklanders favour that the archipelago remain a UK overseas territory, but its sovereignty status is part of an ongoing dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom.", "precise_score": 4.197648525238037, "rough_score": 4.8423237800598145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "In the first half of the 20th century, the Falklands served an important role in Britain's territorial claims to subantarctic islands and a section of Antarctica. The Falklands governed these territories as the Falkland Islands Dependencies starting in 1908, and retained them until their dissolution in 1985. The Falklands also played a minor role in the two world wars as a military base aiding control of the South Atlantic. In the First World War Battle of the Falkland Islands in December 1914, a Royal Navy fleet defeated an Imperial German squadron. In the Second World War, following the December 1939 Battle of the River Plate, the battle-damaged HMS Exeter steamed to the Falklands for repairs. In 1942, a battalion en route to India was redeployed to the Falklands as a garrison amid fears of a Japanese seizure of the archipelago. After the war ended, the Falklands economy was affected by declining wool prices and the political uncertainty resulting from the revived sovereignty dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina.", "precise_score": 3.041109561920166, "rough_score": 4.398092269897461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Due to its link to the UK, the Falklands are part of the overseas countries and territories of the European Union. The islands' judicial system, overseen by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, is largely based on English law, and the constitution binds the territory to the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights. Residents have the right of appeal to the European Court of Human Rights and the Privy Council. Law enforcement is the responsibility of the Royal Falkland Islands Police (RFIP), and military defence of the islands is provided by the United Kingdom. A British military garrison is stationed on the islands, and the Falkland Islands government funds an additional company-sized light infantry Falkland Islands Defence Force. The territorial waters of the Falklands extend to 200 nmi from its coastal baselines, based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; this border overlaps with the maritime boundary of Argentina. ", "precise_score": 1.5295170545578003, "rough_score": 1.8134479522705078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The Falklands are a group of islands located in the southern Atlantic Ocean , about 460 km east of the South American coast. They belong to the United Kingdom but govern themselves. The Falkland Islands have been an issue of conflict between Argentina and Great Britain over the centuries, resulting in a war between the two countries in 1982.", "precise_score": 5.7966203689575195, "rough_score": 5.8976922035217285, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands - Geography, History and the ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "During the centuries a number of European nations founded settlements on the Falkland Islands. In 1833 Britain took command over the group of islands and set up a naval station there. In the second half of the 20 th century argument erupted between Great Britain and Argentina over the colony.", "precise_score": 5.409515380859375, "rough_score": 2.5125341415405273, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands - Geography, History and the ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The conflict had a great impact on the governments of both countries. Shortly after the war Argentina’s military regime collapsed. In Britain the won war strengthened the political position of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher . Although relationships between the two countries have become normal, Argentina still claims sovereignty over the Malvinas – the Falkland Islands.", "precise_score": 4.161803722381592, "rough_score": 3.467416286468506, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands - Geography, History and the ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Falkland Islands War, also called FALKLANDS WAR, MALVINAS WAR, or SOUTH ATLANTIC WAR a brief, undeclared war fought between Argentina and Great Britain in 1982 over the control of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and associated island dependencies.", "precise_score": 7.270008563995361, "rough_score": 7.421243667602539, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "A brief war was fought in 1982 between Britain and Argentina over the Falkland Islands. Before the recent attempts to reclaim the islands diplomatically, the first move was by force.", "precise_score": 6.330561637878418, "rough_score": 5.278568744659424, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands: One of Great Britain's last colonial ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "A brief war was fought in 1982 between Britain and Argentina over the Falkland Islands. Located in the South Atlantic, the islands have been a possession of Great Britain since British occupation in 1833. Argentina claims the islands as its territory and lately has been making strong diplomatic moves to try to reclaim the property known to Argentinians as “Las Malvinas.” However, before the recent attempts to reclaim the islands diplomatically, the first move was by force.", "precise_score": 6.674533843994141, "rough_score": 5.809809684753418, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands: One of Great Britain's last colonial ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Falkland Islands War | Argentina-United Kingdom | Britannica.com", "precise_score": 4.182408332824707, "rough_score": 5.075526237487793, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War | Argentina-United Kingdom ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Falkland Islands War, also called Falklands War, Malvinas War, or South Atlantic War, a brief undeclared war fought between Argentina and Great Britain in 1982 over control of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and associated island dependencies.", "precise_score": 7.250844478607178, "rough_score": 7.430888652801514, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War | Argentina-United Kingdom ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina had claimed sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, which lie 300 miles (480 km) east of its coast, since the early 19th century, but Britain seized the islands in 1833, expelling the few remaining Argentine occupants, and since then consistently rejected Argentina’s claims. In early 1982 the Argentine military junta led by Lieut. Gen. Leopoldo Galtieri gave up on long-running negotiations with Britain and instead launched an invasion of the islands. The decision to invade was chiefly political: the junta, which was being criticized for economic mismanagement and human rights abuses, believed that the “recovery” of the islands would unite Argentines behind the government in a patriotic fervour. An elite invasion force trained in secrecy, but its timetable was shortened on March 19 when a dispute erupted on British-controlled South Georgia island, where Argentine salvage workers had raised the Argentine flag, 800 miles (1,300 km) east of the Falklands. Naval forces were quickly mobilized.", "precise_score": 3.5190863609313965, "rough_score": 1.5506744384765625, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War | Argentina-United Kingdom ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina", "precise_score": -1.4366178512573242, "rough_score": 1.1020333766937256, "source": "search", "title": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina", "precise_score": -1.4366178512573242, "rough_score": 1.1020333766937256, "source": "search", "title": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Fought in 1982, the Falklands War was the result of the Argentine invasion of the British-owned Falkland Islands. Located in the South Atlantic, Argentina had long claimed these islands as part of its territory. On April 2, 1982, Argentine forces landed in the Falklands, capturing the islands two days later. In response, the British dispatched a naval and amphibious task force to the area. The initial phases of the conflict occurred mainly at sea between elements of the Royal Navy and the Argentine Air Force. On May 21, British troops landed and by June 14 had compelled the Argentine occupiers to surrender.", "precise_score": 4.900414943695068, "rough_score": 5.687463760375977, "source": "search", "title": "The Falklands War - Overview of the Falklands War" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Britain and Argentina have long disputed sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - known as Las Malvinas in Latin America - and fought a war over them in 1982.", "precise_score": 5.944608688354492, "rough_score": 5.591549396514893, "source": "search", "title": "Latin America backs Argentina in Falkland Islands drilling ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The islands lie on the boundary of the subantarctic oceanic and tundra climate zones, and both major islands have mountain ranges reaching 700 m. They are home to large bird populations, although many no longer breed on the main islands because of competition from introduced species. Major economic activities include fishing, tourism and sheep farming, with an emphasis on high-quality wool exports. Oil exploration, licensed by the Falkland Islands Government, remains controversial as a result of maritime disputes with Argentina.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.499088287353516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Simmering tensions between the UK and Argentina increased during the second half of the century, when Argentine President Juan Perón asserted sovereignty over the archipelago. The sovereignty dispute intensified during the 1960s, shortly after the United Nations passed a resolution on decolonisation which Argentina interpreted as favourable to its position. In 1965, the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 2065, calling for both states to conduct bilateral negotiations to reach a peaceful settlement of the dispute. From 1966 until 1968, the UK confidentially discussed with Argentina the transfer of the Falklands, assuming its judgement would be accepted by the islanders. An agreement on trade ties between the archipelago and the mainland was reached in 1971 and, consequently, Argentina built a temporary airfield at Stanley in 1972. Nonetheless, Falklander dissent, as expressed by their strong lobby in the UK Parliament, and tensions between the UK and Argentina effectively limited sovereignty negotiations until 1977.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1869683265686035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Concerned at the expense of maintaining the Falkland Islands in an era of budget cuts, the UK again considered transferring sovereignty to Argentina in the early Thatcher government. Substantive sovereignty talks again ended by 1981, and the dispute escalated with passing time. In April 1982, the disagreement became an armed conflict when Argentina invaded the Falklands and other British territories in the South Atlantic, briefly occupying them until a UK expeditionary force retook the territories in June. After the war, the United Kingdom expanded its military presence, building RAF Mount Pleasant and increasing the size of its garrison. The war also left some 117 minefields containing nearly 20,000 mines of various types, including anti-vehicle and anti-personnel mines. Due to the large number of deminer casualties, initial attempts to clear the mines ceased in 1983.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.01571161299943924, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Based on Lord Shackleton's recommendations, the Falklands diversified from a sheep-based monoculture into an economy of tourism and, with the establishment of the Falklands Exclusive Economic Zone, fisheries. The road network was also made more extensive, and the construction of RAF Mount Pleasant allowed access to long haul flights. Oil exploration has also begun, with indications of possible commercially exploitable deposits in the Falklands basin. Landmine clearance work restarted in 2009, in accordance with the UK's obligations under the Ottawa Treaty, and Sapper Hill Corral was cleared of mines in 2012, allowing access to an important historical landmark for the first time in 30 years. Argentina and the UK re-established diplomatic relations in 1990; relations have since deteriorated as neither has agreed on the terms of future sovereignty discussions. Disputes between the governments have led \"some analysts [to] predict a growing conflict of interest between Argentina and Great Britain ... because of the recent expansion of the fishing industry in the waters surrounding the Falklands\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.82106876373291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The United Kingdom and Argentina both claim the Falkland Islands. The UK's position is that the Falklanders have not indicated a desire for change, and that there are no pending issues to resolve concerning the islands. The UK bases its position on its continuous administration of the islands since 1833 (except for 1982) and the islanders' \"right to self-determination as set out in the UN Charter\". Argentine policy maintains that Falkland Islanders do not have a right to self-determination, claiming that in 1833 the UK expelled Argentine authorities (and settlers) from the Falklands with a threat of \"greater force\" and, afterwards, barred Argentines from resettling the islands. Argentina posits that it acquired the Falklands from Spain when it achieved independence in 1816, and that the UK illegally occupied them in 1833. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.16490621864795685, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "In 2009, British prime minister Gordon Brown had a meeting with Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, and said that there would be no further talks over the sovereignty of the Falklands. In March 2013, the Falkland Islands held a referendum on its political status, with 99.8 percent of voters favoured remaining under British rule. Argentina does not recognise the Falkland Islands as a partner in negotiations; consequently, it dismissed the Falkland Islands' sovereignty referendum. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6457756757736206, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The Falkland Islands have a land area of and a coastline estimated at 800 mi. Two main islands, West Falkland and East Falkland, and about 776 smaller islands constitute the archipelago. The islands are predominantly mountainous and hilly, with the major exception the depressed plains of Lafonia (a peninsula forming the southern part of East Falkland). The Falklands are continental crust fragments resulting from the break-up of Gondwana and the opening of the South Atlantic that began 130 million years ago. The islands are located in the South Atlantic Ocean, on the Patagonian Shelf, about 300 mi east of Patagonia in southern Argentina.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2822213172912598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Nearly 30 years ago Argentina and Great Britain fought an improbable war over the lightly populated British colonial outpost (called the Malvinas by Buenos Aires). The islands likely had been visited by Patagonian Indians but were uninhabited when first discovered by Europeans, probably either the Portuguese or Spanish.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.414703845977783, "source": "search", "title": "The Problem with Alliances: Britain and the Falklands ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "France established the first known settlement, followed by Great Britain. The Spanish took over the French claim and demolished the British community. The two countries settled their dispute in 1771 and Britain eventually withdrew. Revolution caused Argentina to supplant Spain. The former established a settlement in 1828, which was attacked by U.S. warships after a seal-hunting dispute. The British returned in 1833 in force and re-established control.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.827153205871582, "source": "search", "title": "The Problem with Alliances: Britain and the Falklands ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina’s foreign minister recently met with United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, who offered to mediate. Moreover, 32 Latin American governments expressed their support for “the legitimate rights of the republic of Argentina in the sovereignty dispute with Great Britain.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018110275268555, "source": "search", "title": "The Problem with Alliances: Britain and the Falklands ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The appropriate question for Washington is: what does this have to do with the U.S.? Alas, both Argentina and Britain want America’s support. And out of London has come the plaintive plea: aren’t we allies?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322126388549805, "source": "search", "title": "The Problem with Alliances: Britain and the Falklands ..." }, { "answer": "Argentinia", "passage": "British analyst Nile Gardiner, of the Washington-based Heritage Foundation, argued in late February: “If the Obama administration does not take a clear position in support of London, the Anglo-American Special Relationship will be significantly damaged. It is imperative that in the coming days the White House issues an unequivocal statement backing UK sovereignty over the Falklands in the face of Argentinian bullying.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.10500431060791, "source": "search", "title": "The Problem with Alliances: Britain and the Falklands ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Since the 19th century Argentina has claimed the islands. It states that it got the islands from Spain when it became independent in 1816.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.530252456665039, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands - Geography, History and the ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "On April 2, 1982 Argentine forces invaded and occupied the islands. The leader of Argentina’s military government, President Galtieri, ordered the invasion to draw away attention from the problems the South American country had at home. The British sent its Navy and Air Force to defend the Falklands and take over control of the islands again. The conflict lasted for two and a half months. On June 14, 1982 Argentine forces surrendered the islands and Britain took control again. Over 600 Argentine soldiers and 250 British troops were killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.08453497290611267, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands - Geography, History and the ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3747944831848145, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina had claimed sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (which lie 300 miles [480 km] east of its coast) since the early 19th century, but Britain had occupied and administered the islands since 1833 and had consistently rejected Argentina's claims. In early 1982 the Argentine military junta led by Lieutenant General Leopoldo Galtieri gave up on long-running negotiations with Britain and instead launched an invasion of the islands. The decision to invade was chiefly political: the junta, which was being criticized for economic mismanagement and human rights abuses, believed that the \"recovery\" of the islands would unite Argentines behind the government in a patriotic fervour. An elite invasion force trained in secrecy, but its timetable was shortened on March 19, when a dispute erupted on British-controlled South Georgia island (1,000 miles [1,600 km] east of the Falklands) between Argentine salvage workers and British scientists stationed there. Naval forces were quickly mobilized.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.48185980319976807, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentine troops invaded the Falklands on April 2, rapidly overcoming the small garrison of British marines at the capital of Stanley (Port Stanley); they obeyed orders not to inflict any British casualties, despite losses to their own units. The next day Argentines seized the associated islands of South Georgia and the South Sandwich group. By late April Argentina had stationed more than 10,000 troops on the Falklands, although the vast majority of these were poorly trained conscripts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2089614868164062, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "As expected, the Argentine populace reacted favourably, with large crowds gathering at the Plaza de Mayo (in front of the presidential palace) to demonstrate support for the military initiative. In response to the invasion, the British government under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher declared a war zone for 200 miles (320 km) around the Falklands and assembled a naval task force with which to retake the islands. Most European powers voiced support for Great Britain, and European military advisers were withdrawn from Argentine bases; however, most Latin American governments sympathized with Argentina. A notable exception was Chile, which maintained a state of alert against its neighbour, owing to a dispute over islands in the Beagle Channel. The perceived threat from Chile prompted Argentina to keep most of its elite troops on the mainland, distant from the Falklands theatre. In addition, Argentine military planners had trusted that the United States would remain neutral in the conflict, but, following unsuccessful mediation attempts, the United States offered full support to Great Britain, allowing its NATO ally to use its air-to-air missiles, communications equipment, aviation fuel, and other military stockpiles on British-held Ascension Island, as well as cooperating with military intelligence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.11514747887849808, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "On April 25, while the British task force was steaming 8,000 miles (13,000 km) to the war zone via Ascension Island, a smaller British force retook South Georgia island, in the process capturing one of Argentina's vintage diesel-electric submarines. On May 2 the Argentine cruiser General Belgrano was sunk outside the war zone by a British submarine. Following this controversial event, most other Argentine ships were kept distant from the conflict, but Argentine submarine action continued to threaten the British fleet. Meanwhile, the British naval force and the land-based Argentine air force fought intensive battles, during which the Argentines sank the HMS Sheffield and the container ship Atlantic Conveyor with Exocet air-to-sea missiles. In addition, two frigates and another destroyer were sunk and several other vessels damaged, but the majority of Argentine bombs did not detonate. Argentina also failed to prevent the British from making an amphibious landing near Port San Carlos, on the northern coast of East Falkland, on May 21. From this beachhead the British infantry advanced southward to capture the settlements of Darwin and Goose Green, after which they turned eastward to surround Stanley on May 31. The large Argentine garrison there surrendered on June 14, effectively ending the conflict. British forces reoccupied the South Sandwich Islands on June 20.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1164021492004395, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The British captured some 11,400 Argentine prisoners during the war, all of whom were afterward released. Nearly 750 Argentine troops were killed--including 368 in the sinking of the General Belgrano--while Britain lost 256. Scores of Argentine aircraft of various types were destroyed, most while on the ground, and the British lost 10 Harrier jets and more than two dozen helicopters. Military strategists have debated key aspects of the conflict but have generally underscored the roles of submarines (both Britain's nuclear-powered vessels and Argentina's older, diesel-electric craft) and antiship missiles (both air-to-sea and land-to-sea types). The war also illustrated the importance of air superiority--which the British had been unable to establish--and of advanced surveillance. Logistic support was vital as well, because the armed forces of both nations had operated at their maximum ranges. (See also Naval warfare: The age of the guided missile.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.874963760375977, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina's ignominious defeat severely discredited the military government and led to the restoration of civilian rule there in 1983. Meanwhile, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher converted widespread patriotic support into a landslide victory for her Conservative Party in that year's parliamentary election.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.139677047729492, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "<table class='table table-bordered col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 margin20 row-30' border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"16%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">State</font></td><td width=\"16%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Entry</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Exit</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Combat Forces</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Population</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Losses</font></td></tr><tr><td width=\"16%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Argentina</font></td><td width=\"16%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">1982</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">1982</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">108000</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">27000000</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small; line-height: 18.571430206298828px;\">2306</span><br></td></tr><tr><td width=\"16%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Britain</font></td><td width=\"16%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">1982</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">1982</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">20000</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">60000000</font></td><td width=\"17%\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">1030</font></td></tr></tbody></table>", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.437724113464355, "source": "search", "title": "Argentina Britain Falklands Malvinas War 1982 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The start of the 1980s found the economy of Argentina in shambles, and the military regime in power was accused of political arrests, murders, and disappearances of some 30,000 people. It was against this chaotic backdrop that the government of General Leopoldo Galtieri rallied the country behind it in April 1982 by forcibly occupying the British-held Falkland Islands. The intent was to strike a chord of national pride with its people. After two months of war Great Britain recaptured the islands in June 1982.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7868534326553345, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands: One of Great Britain's last colonial ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The next stop for President Menem was a visit with President Clinton of the United States on January 11, 1999. Before leaving for the U.S. he said, “Of course the subject that we are not going to elude…is the Malvinas.” In La Nacion it was reported that President Menem asked President Clinton to intervene. Mr. Clinton responded that he would like to see both countries (Great Britain and Argentina),whom he considers friends, come to a solution, adding, “I am going to call Prime Minister Blair.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226678848266602, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands: One of Great Britain's last colonial ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "To complicate matters, a recent BBC revelation was released of Great Britain's “intent” to return sovereignty of the Falklands to Argentina 30 years ago . The Daily Express of London broke the 1969 secret, reporting that Great Britain was acceding to Argentinian claims. However, the islanders themselves obstructed the path of negotiations between the two countries. After elections in 1970 and a change in the British government the negotiations were tabled. The Falklands remained British territory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.29433488845825195, "source": "search", "title": "The Falkland Islands: One of Great Britain's last colonial ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentine troops invaded the Falklands on April 2, rapidly overcoming the small garrison of British marines at the capital Stanley (Port Stanley); they obeyed orders not to inflict any British casualties, despite losses to their own units. The next day Argentine marines seized the associated island of South Georgia. By late April Argentina had stationed more than 10,000 troops on the Falklands, although the vast majority of these were poorly trained conscripts, and they were not supplied with proper food, clothing, and shelter for the approaching winter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.759553909301758, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War | Argentina-United Kingdom ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "As expected, the Argentine populace reacted favourably, with large crowds gathering at the Plaza de Mayo (in front of the presidential palace) to demonstrate support for the military initiative . In response to the invasion, the British government under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher declared a war zone for 200 miles (320 km) around the Falklands. The government quickly assembled a naval task force built around two aircraft carriers, the 30-year-old HMS Hermes and the new HMS Invincible light carrier, and two cruise ships pressed into service as troop carriers, the Queen Elizabeth 2 and the Canberra. The carriers sailed from Portsmouth on April 5 and were reinforced en route. Most European powers voiced support for Great Britain, and European military advisers were withdrawn from Argentine bases. However, most Latin American governments sympathized with Argentina. A notable exception was Chile , which maintained a state of alert against its neighbour because of a dispute over islands in the Beagle Channel . The perceived threat from Chile prompted Argentina to keep most of its elite troops on the mainland, distant from the Falklands theatre. In addition, Argentine military planners had trusted that the United States would remain neutral in the conflict, but, following unsuccessful mediation attempts, the United States offered full support to Great Britain, allowing its NATO ally to use its air-to-air missiles, communications equipment, aviation fuel, and other military stockpiles on British-held Ascension Island , as well as cooperating with military intelligence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7368950843811035, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War | Argentina-United Kingdom ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "On April 25, while the British task force was steaming 8,000 miles (13,000 km) to the war zone via Ascension Island, a smaller British force retook South Georgia island, in the process capturing one of Argentina’s vintage U.S.-made diesel-electric submarines. On May 2 the obsolete Argentine cruiser General Belgrano (purchased from the United States after World War II) was sunk outside the war zone by a British nuclear-powered submarine . Following this controversial event, most other Argentine ships were kept in port, and the Argentine navy’s contribution was limited to its naval air force and one of its newer German-made diesel-electric submarines. The latter posed more of a threat to the British fleet than was expected, launching torpedo attacks that narrowly failed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.893891334533691, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War | Argentina-United Kingdom ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The British captured some 11,400 Argentine prisoners during the war, all of whom were released afterward. Argentina announced that about 650 lives had been lost—about half of them in the sinking of the General Belgrano—while Britain lost 255. Military strategists have debated key aspects of the conflict but have generally underscored the roles of submarines (both Britain’s nuclear-powered vessels and Argentina’s older, diesel-electric craft) and antiship missiles (both air-to-sea and land-to-sea types). The war also illustrated the importance of air superiority—which the British had been unable to establish—and of advanced surveillance. Logistic support was vital as well, because the armed forces of both countries had operated at their maximum ranges. (See also naval warfare: The age of the guided missile .)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937439918518066, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War | Argentina-United Kingdom ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Veterans of the 1982 Falklands War between Great Britain and Argentina, take part in a protest outside the Argentinian Supreme Court in Buenos Aires on June 16, 2015 (AFP Photo/Eitan Abramovich)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1851911544799805, "source": "search", "title": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Buenos Aires (AFP) - Argentina's new conservative government affirmed on Sunday that it will continue to press the country's claims to the Falkland Islands, which Britain insists that it owns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.809917449951172, "source": "search", "title": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Britain and Argentina fought a two-month long war over the archipelago in 1982, in which 649 Argentinian servicemen and 255 British were killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.061839580535889, "source": "search", "title": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "\"Argentina renews its firm commitment to peacefully settling its differences, to international law and multilateralism, the foreign ministry under the country's new president, Mauricio Macri, said in a statement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399494171142578, "source": "search", "title": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina maintains that it inherited the remote, windswept Falklands from Spain when it gained independence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.432709217071533, "source": "search", "title": "New government, same claim over Falklands in Argentina" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "In early 1982, President Leopoldo Galtieri, the head of the Argentina's ruling military junta, authorized the invasion of the British Falkland Islands. The operation was designed to draw attention away from human rights and economic issues at home by bolstering national pride and giving teeth to the nation's long-held claim on the islands. After an incident between British and Argentine forces on nearby South Georgia Island, Argentine forces landed in the Falklands on April 2. The small garrison of Royal Marines resisted, however by April 4 the Argentines had captured the capital at Port Stanley. Argentine troops also landed on South Georgia and quickly secured the island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6933706998825073, "source": "search", "title": "The Falklands War - Overview of the Falklands War" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "After organizing diplomatic pressure against Argentina, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher ordered the assembly of a naval task force to retake the islands. After the House of Commons voted to approve Thatcher's actions on April 3, she formed a War Cabinet which first met three days later. Commanded by Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse , the task force consisted of several groups, the largest of which was centered on the aircraft carriers HMS Hermes and HMS Invincible. Led by Rear Admiral \"Sandy\" Woodward, this group contained the Sea Harrier fighters that would provide air cover for the fleet. In mid-April, Fieldhouse began moving south, with a large fleet of tankers and cargo ships to supply the fleet while it operated more than 8,000 miles from home. All told, 127 ships served in the task force including 43 warships, 22 Royal Fleet Auxiliaries, and 62 merchant vessels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.264657020568848, "source": "search", "title": "The Falklands War - Overview of the Falklands War" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "In Argentina, the defeat led to the removal of Galtieri three days after the fall of Port Stanley. His downfall spelled the end for the military junta that had been ruling the country and paved the way for the restoration of democracy. For Britain, the victory provided a much needed boost to its national confidence, reaffirmed its international position, and assured victory for the Thatcher Government in the 1983 elections.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.676506042480469, "source": "search", "title": "The Falklands War - Overview of the Falklands War" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The settlement that ended the conflict called for a return to status quo ante bellum. Despite its defeat, Argentina still claims the Falklands and South Georgia. During the war, Britain suffered 258 killed and 777 wounded. In addition, 2 destroyers, 2 frigates, and 2 auxiliary vessels were sunk. For Argentina, the Falklands War cost 649 killed, 1,068 wounded, and 11,313 captured. In addition, the Argentine Navy lost a submarine, a light cruiser, and 75 fixed-wing aircraft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.988088607788086, "source": "search", "title": "The Falklands War - Overview of the Falklands War" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.8022966384887695, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "U.K increases defense spending on islands in response to Argentina's military investment", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.111928939819336, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina still poses a “very live threat” to the British-ruled Falkland Islands, Britain’s defense minister warned on Tuesday as he announced plans to increase security spending on the South Atlantic islands to counter Argentina’s attempts to improve its military.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.487818717956543, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The minister’s announcement comes as Argentina has been trying to upgrade its military capabilities. It has looked at buying new warplanes and has signed a co-operation deal with Russia that could result in it leasing Russian bombers in return for beef exports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467137336730957, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina has always claimed sovereignty over the islands, which it calls Las Malvinas. Britain has ruled there for almost two centuries and the overwhelming majority of the 3,000 inhabitants are of British descent. Successive governments in London have insisted that it is up to the Falklanders to decide who governs them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.24200840294361115, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Argentina has also been scouting around to upgrade its ageing fleet of military jets , focusing on Israel, China and Russia among potential suppliers. Just last week, Russian and Argentine officials agreed to upgrade military cooperation at a meeting in Moscow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390507698059082, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Aligning with Argentina over the Falklands would be one way for Moscow to retaliate for Britain’s support of sanctions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.623950958251953, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "In Argentina, the sovereignty question is one that is guaranteed to unite public opinion. Successive governments have opted to press the Malvinas button as a way of diverting attention from more divisive domestic issues. Among the headaches currently confronting President Fernández de Kirchner is the continuing fallout from the mysterious fatal shooting of Argentine federal prosecutor Alberto Nisman in January .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.397043228149414, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "What remains an open question is whether Argentina would actually be tempted to mount a second invasion and how Britain would respond.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404772758483887, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "If Argentina managed to upgrade its air force, with help from the Russians or others, it would have a theoretical window of opportunity to strike before a new British carrier force enters operation in 2020. In the meantime, Britain is relying on improved missile and air defences to deter any aggression.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29263687133789, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Lawrence Freedman, a war studies professor and Britain’s official historian of the Falklands War, doubts Argentina’s ability to mount a new invasion. “President Kirchner plays the nationalist card, but basically the country is broke,” he says.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9124231338500977, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "If, against the odds, Argentina managed to follow up with a troop invasion, “then there would be a problem.” But he believed the modern air defences available would deter any such aggression “It would be quite a gamble for Argentina and their forces have not been particularly updated over the years.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.929438591003418, "source": "search", "title": "Falklands: U.K.-Argentina Tensions are Rising Again" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Latin America backs Argentina in Falkland Islands drilling dispute with Britain - Telegraph", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.039513111114502, "source": "search", "title": "Latin America backs Argentina in Falkland Islands drilling ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Latin America backs Argentina in Falkland Islands drilling dispute with Britain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.582700729370117, "source": "search", "title": "Latin America backs Argentina in Falkland Islands drilling ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Latin American and Caribbean nations have backed Argentina's claim of sovereignty to the Falkland Islands in a growing dispute with Britain over plans to drill for oil off the islands in the Atlantic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.08458845317363739, "source": "search", "title": "Latin America backs Argentina in Falkland Islands drilling ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "At the Rio Group summit of 32 countries hosted by Mexico, Argentina presented a statement quoting Mexican President Felipe Calderon as saying that \"the heads of state represented here reaffirm their support for the legitimate rights of the republic of Argentina in the sovereignty dispute with Great Britain.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.036076545715332, "source": "search", "title": "Latin America backs Argentina in Falkland Islands drilling ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "Desire Petroleum PLC said that it has started drilling for oil about 60 miles north of the disputed Falkland Islands, despite strong opposition from Argentina. The country claims the south Atlantic islands as its own and calls them Las Malvinas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.283382892608643, "source": "search", "title": "Latin America backs Argentina in Falkland Islands drilling ..." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "an armed conflict between the UK and Argentina from March 1982 until Argentine surrender in June; resulting from Argentine claim to sovereignty of the Falkland Islands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.462061882019043, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War - Credo Reference" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The world awoke on April 3, 1982 to the shocking news that an Argentine invasion force had landed on the desolate Falkland Islands in the far South Atlantic, subdued the small force of Royal Marines stationed at the capital, Port Stanley, and proclaimed the islandsnuestras —“our” — Malvinas (Argentina would follow up with the capture of a tiny garrison on South Georgia Island that same day). No one except the invasion force and a few planners in the Argentine military staffs knew of the expedition until it was over. There had been long and drawn-out discussions in the United Nations (UN) and other venues for decades about the contentious issue of sovereign control of the islands. Multiple conflicting claims dating back to the Seven Years' War of the eighteenth century ensured that both sides had established rather rigid positions: Britain in favor of “self-determination” for the few settlers on the islands (Scots and Welsh) and the Argentines in favor of exclusive sovereignty over islands on the Argentine continental shelf, with guarantees of civil rights for the settlers as Argentine citizens. Even so, the notion of actual hostilities over the islands seemed remote. The Argentine plan was based on forcing a fait accompli. That the British would undertake the costly and huge operation necessary to recover the islands some 8,500 miles distant in the coming South Atlantic winter was deemed too unlikely; a negotiated settlement would be reached. Argentine planners understood, however, that defeat was a distinct probability if the British did fight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2610206604003906, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War - Credo Reference" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The UN condemned the invasion and called for withdrawal of Argentine forces, cessation of hostilities, and a negotiated settlement. The United States embarked on shuttle diplomacy between Washington, Buenos Aries, and London in an attempt to effect some kind of settlement. But American efforts came to naught. The Argentines were suspicious—correctly—of the neutrality of America's good offices and the British were determined to press forward. Eventually, the United States offered logistical and intelligence support to the UK and helped pressure the Organization of American States and virtually every American republic to stand aside. Only two Latin American nations involved themselves directly in the conflict and in very limited roles: Peru flew some sorties in support of Argentina; Chile rendered support to Britain.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.022501945495605, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War - Credo Reference" }, { "answer": "Argentina", "passage": "The costs of the war were not light: the British lost 255 personnel killed and some 777 wounded; Argentine losses were 652 dead and missing, and an unspecified but larger number of wounded. Most Argentine losses were at sea. Materially, Britain could absorb the number of ships lost, but Argentina could not; in addition to the Belgrano, she lost a submarine and virtually all of her troop carrier capability. The Argentine air arm, both navy and air force, was cut off; perhaps as many as 109 aircraft were lost. But the real costs to Argentina were political. The military government — now demonstrably incapable of performing even its most basic function of national defense — was entirely discredited and stepped down, ending an era of military dominance of political power begun in 1930. The military has not returned to power since. And the British commitment to hold the islands is more solid today than it was before the war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969450950622559, "source": "search", "title": "Falkland Islands War - Credo Reference" } ]

[ { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "* 1978 – Supertanker Amoco Cadiz splits in two after running aground on the Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany, resulting in the largest oil spill in history at that time.", "precise_score": 4.005554676055908, "rough_score": 4.532132148742676, "source": "wiki", "title": "March 16" }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "On March 16, 1978, the Amoco Cadiz, a supertanker weighted with 58 million gallons of crude oil, encountered a late winter gale off the rocky coast of Brittany. Lesser ships weather heavier seas, but the Cadiz was fatally injured.", "precise_score": 1.331516981124878, "rough_score": -1.3319602012634277, "source": "search", "title": "The Undercurrents Of A Tanker Disaster - tribunedigital ..." }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "•    The Amoco Cadiz tanker ran aground due to a steering gear failure on March 16, 1978, three miles from the coast of Brittany, France. It split in three before sinking, creating the largest oil spill of its kind in history to that date – 1.6 million barrels. Public outcry and political pressure resulted in significant updates to both MARPOL and SOLAS, and the addition of safety and pollution audits that led to in 1982 to the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU), which established Port State Control. The beauty of port state control is that it has enabled an international port inspection system that makes it impossible for non-compliant ships to hide. It also led to the International Convention on the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) in 1978.", "precise_score": 4.6295623779296875, "rough_score": 6.57138204574585, "source": "search", "title": "Disasters At Sea & Their Impact On Shipping Regulation" }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "In 1956, Brittany was legally reconstituted as the Region of Brittany, although the region excluded the ducal capital of Nantes and the surrounding area. Nevertheless, Brittany retained its cultural distinctiveness, and a new cultural revival emerged during the 1960s and 1970s. Bilingual schools were opened, singers started to write songs in Breton, and ecological catastrophes such as the Amoco Cadiz oil spill or the Erika oil spill and water pollution because of intensive pig farming favoured new movements to protect the natural heritage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2676825523376465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brittany" }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "Author Rudolph Chelminski concludes that events needn`t have turned out this way. Despite his book`s subtitle, ``Amoco Cadiz: The Shipwreck That Had to Happen,`` Chelminski makes a case that the spill could have been prevented had Amoco not been so greedy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031858444213867, "source": "search", "title": "The Undercurrents Of A Tanker Disaster - tribunedigital ..." }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "But on the whole, ``Superwreck`` is a solid, in-depth look into the miserable life and infamous death of the Amoco Cadiz.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97563362121582, "source": "search", "title": "The Undercurrents Of A Tanker Disaster - tribunedigital ..." }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "One of the world’s worst supertanker disasters takes places when the Amoco Cadiz wrecks off the coast of Portsall, France, on this day in 1978. Although the 68 million gallons of oil that spilled from the Cadiz has since been exceeded by other spills, this remains the largest shipwreck in history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.995493412017822, "source": "search", "title": "Supertanker wrecks off French coast - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "Valdez fishermen felt the same way two years later, with 80 times as much oil in their waters. Exxon officials repeatedly assured the fishermen and all other Prince William Sound business people that it would pay all claims for those losses due to the spill. However, similar assurances were given French fishermen 11 years ago, after the tanker Amoco Cadiz sank off the coast of Brittany. But as the ordeal of the Valdez fishermen began, the French fishermen had yet to receive a dollar in compensation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.352055072784424, "source": "search", "title": "Tragedy in Alaska - National Wildlife Federation" }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "1977 March 16th. North Sea, France, Brittany: 230 ton supertanker \"Amoco Cadiz\" en-route from Iran to Rotterdam in the Netherlands loaded with 250,000 tons of crude oil lost its steering capability and was slammed into the rocky coast. The ship broke in two and 223,000 tons of crude oil spilled into the sea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9798767566680908, "source": "search", "title": "Ship Accidents - Histarmar" }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "Similarly, the Amoco Cadiz oil spill a decade later was “pretty monumental” on the pollution side of [regulations],” he added, noting that six annexes later, MARPOL today covers every form of pollution from tankers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.181538581848145, "source": "search", "title": "Disasters At Sea & Their Impact On Shipping Regulation" }, { "answer": "Amoco Cadiz", "passage": "Report on the Amoco Cadiz oil spill, outlining the timeline of events from the tanker’s first radio warning to the failed attempt at towing the ship into the bay. Male reporter not identified (poss. Steve...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.415642738342285, "source": "search", "title": "Results · British Universities Film & Video Council" } ]

[ { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Live Aid was a dual-venue concert held on 13 July 1985, and an ongoing music-based fundraising initiative. The original event was organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for relief of the ongoing Ethiopian famine. Billed as the \"global jukebox\", the event was held simultaneously at Wembley Stadium in London, England, United Kingdom (attended by 72,000 people) and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States (attended by about 100,000 people). ", "precise_score": 3.5945546627044678, "rough_score": -0.4483799934387207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "The concert grew in scope, as more acts were added on both sides of the Atlantic. Tony Verna, inventor of instant replay, was able to secure John F. Kennedy Stadium through his friendship with Philadelphia Mayor Goode and was able to procure, through his connections with ABC's prime time chief, John Hamlin, a three-hour prime time slot on the ABC Network and, in addition, was able to supplement the lengthy program through meetings that resulted in the addition of an ad-hoc network within the USA, which covered 85 percent of TVs in the United States. Verna designed the needed satellite schematic and became the Executive Director as well as the Co-Executive Producer along with Hal Uplinger. Uplinger came up with the idea to produce a four-hour video edit of Live Aid to distribute to those countries without the necessary satellite equipment to rebroadcast the live feed.", "precise_score": -3.909118890762329, "rough_score": -3.5008764266967773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Cliff Richard was unable to perform as he was committed to a gospel charity concert in Birmingham, although, he did perform during BBC One's coverage of the Philadelphia Live Aid concert.", "precise_score": -1.8060283660888672, "rough_score": -5.856400489807129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "On July 13, 1985, at Wembley Stadium in London, Prince Charles and Princess Diana officially open Live Aid, a worldwide rock concert organized to raise money for the relief of famine-stricken Africans. Continued at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia and at other arenas around the world, the 16-hour “superconcert” was globally linked by satellite to more than a billion viewers in 110 nations. In a triumph of technology and good will, the event raised more than $125 million in famine relief for Africa.", "precise_score": 0.8782604932785034, "rough_score": -5.2693586349487305, "source": "search", "title": "Live Aid concert - History.com — American & World History" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "With the crisis continuing in Ethiopia, and the neighboring Sudan also stricken with famine, Geldof proposed Live Aid, an ambitious global charity concert aimed at raising more funds and increasing awareness of the plight of many Africans. Organized in just 10 weeks, Live Aid was staged on Saturday, July 13, 1985. More than 75 acts performed, including Elton John, Madonna, Santana, Run DMC, Sade, Sting, Bryan Adams, the Beach Boys, Mick Jagger, David Bowie, Queen, Duran Duran, U2, the Who, Tom Petty, Neil Young, and Eric Clapton. The majority of these artists performed at either Wembley Stadium in London, where a crowd of 70,000 turned out, or at Philadelphia’s JFK Stadium, where 100,000 watched. Thirteen satellites beamed a live television broadcast of the event to more than one billion viewers in 110 countries. More than 40 of these nations held telethons for African famine relief during the broadcast.", "precise_score": 0.2851216495037079, "rough_score": -4.206664085388184, "source": "search", "title": "Live Aid concert - History.com — American & World History" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Mick Jagger and David Bowie intended to perform an intercontinental duet, with Bowie in London and Jagger in Philadelphia. Problems of synchronization meant the only remotely practical solution was to have one artist, likely Bowie at Wembley, mime along to prerecorded vocals broadcast as part of the live sound mix for Jagger's performance from Philadelphia. Veteran music engineer David Richards (Pink Floyd and Queen) was brought in to create footage and sound mixes Jagger and Bowie could perform to in their respective venues. The BBC would then have had to ensure those footage and sound mixes were in synch while also performing a live vision mix of the footage from both venues. The combined footage would then have had to be bounced back by satellite to the various broadcasters around the world. Due to the time lag (the signal would take several seconds to be broadcast twice across the Atlantic Ocean) Richards concluded there was no way for Jagger to hear or see Bowie's performance, meaning there could be no interaction between the artists; essentially defeating the whole point of the exercise. On top of this, both artists objected to the idea of miming at what was perceived as a historic event. Instead, Jagger and Bowie worked with Richards to create a video clip of the song they would have performed, a cover of \"Dancing in the Street\", which was shown on the screens of both stadiums and broadcast as part of many TV networks coverage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.976969718933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Phil Collins performed at both Wembley Stadium and JFK, utilising the Concorde to get him from London to Philadelphia. UK TV personality Noel Edmonds piloted the helicopter that took Collins to Heathrow Airport to catch his flight to NYC. (Collins later was flown by chopper to Philadelphia). Aside from his own set at both venues, he also played the drums for Eric Clapton, and played with the reuniting surviving members of Led Zeppelin at JFK. On the Concorde flight, Collins encountered actress and singer Cher, who was unaware of the concerts. Upon reaching the US, she attended the Philadelphia concert and can be seen performing as part of the concert's \"We Are the World\" finale.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.944263935089111, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "\"It's twelve noon in London, seven AM in Philadelphia, and around the world it's time for: Live Aid ....\", said Richard Skinner when opening the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.695782661437988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "The concert is the most ambitious international satellite television venture that had ever been attempted at the time. In Europe, the feed was supplied by the BBC, whose broadcast was presented by Richard Skinner, Andy Kershaw, Mark Ellen, David Hepworth, Andy Batten-Foster, Steve Blacknell, Paul Gambaccini, Janice Long, Mike Smith and Martina Duffy and included numerous interviews and chats in between the various acts. The BBC's television sound feed was mono, as was all UK TV audio before NICAM was introduced, but the BBC Radio 1 feed was stereo and was simulcast in sync with the TV pictures. Unfortunately, in the rush to set up the transatlantic feeds, the sound feed from Philadelphia was sent to London via transatlantic cable, while the video feed was via satellite, which meant a lack of synchronisation on British television receivers. Due to the constant activities in both London and Philadelphia, the BBC producers omitted the reunion of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young from their broadcast. The BBC, however, did supply a 'clean feed' to various television channels in Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.88188648223877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "ABC was largely responsible for the US broadcast (although ABC themselves only telecast the final three hours of the concert from Philadelphia, hosted by Dick Clark, with the rest shown in syndication through Orbis Communications, acting on behalf of ABC). An entirely separate and simultaneous US feed was provided for cable viewers by MTV, whose broadcast was presented in stereo, and accessible as such for those with stereo televisions. At the time, before Multichannel television sound was enacted nationwide, very few televisions reproduced stereo signals and few television stations were able to broadcast in stereo. While the telecast was run commercial-free by the BBC, both the MTV and syndicated/ABC broadcasts included advertisements and interviews. As a result, many songs were omitted due to the commercial breaks, as these songs were played during these slots.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.501838684082031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "The biggest caveat of the syndicated/ABC coverage is that the network had wanted to reserve some of the biggest acts that had played earlier in the day for certain points in the entire broadcast, particularly in the final three hours in prime time; thus, Orbis Communications had some sequences replaced by others, especially those portions of the concert that had acts from London and Philadelphia playing simultaneously. For example, while the London/Wembley finale was taking place at 22:00 (10:00 pm) London time, syndicated viewers saw segments that had been recorded earlier, so that ABC could show the UK finale during its prime-time portion. In 1995, VH1 and MuchMusic aired a re-edited ten-hour re-broadcast of the concert for its 10th Anniversary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.041357040405273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "The host of the televised portion of the concert in Philadelphia was actor Jack Nicholson. The artist Joan Baez announced to the crowd, \"this is your Woodstock, and it's long overdue,\" before leading the crowd in singing \"Amazing Grace\" and \"We Are the World\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.78969669342041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "The UK TV feed from Philadelphia was dogged by an intermittent regular buzzing on the sound during Bryan Adams' turn on stage and continued less frequently throughout the rest of the UK reception of the American concert and both the audio and video feed failed entirely during that performance and during Simple Minds's performance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.78105640411377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Phil Collins, who had performed in England earlier in the day, began his set with the quip, \"I was in England this afternoon. Funny old world, innit?\", to cheers from the Philadelphia crowd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.776213645935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Later in the evening, following David Bowie's set, a video shot by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was shown to the audiences in London and Philadelphia, as well as on televisions around the world (though neither US feed chose to show the film), showing starving and diseased Ethiopian children set to \"Drive\" by the Cars. (This would also be shown at the London Live 8 concert in 2005.) The rate of giving became faster in the immediate aftermath of the moving video. Geldof had previously refused to allow the video to be shown, due to time constraints, and had only relented when Bowie offered to drop the song \"Five Years\" from his set as a trade-off.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.088835716247559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Billy Joel, Boy George, Waylon Jennings, Kris Kristofferson, Tears for Fears, Huey Lewis and the News and Paul Simon, were all included in the initial promotional material for the Philadelphia concert, but failed to appear at the show itself. Paul Simon and Huey Lewis both accepted requests to play the Philadelphia concert but later issued press statements stating they had chosen not to appear after all, citing disagreements with promoter Bill Graham. The final poster for the Philadelphia show features the acts Peter, Paul and Mary and Rod Stewart (who also featured in the Philadelphia concert programme). Peter, Paul and Mary were to have joined Bob Dylan for a rendition of \"Blowing In The Wind\" since they had recorded a cover version in the 1960s – but Dylan called the organizers a few days before the show saying that he would play with Ronnie Wood and Keith Richards instead (ironically, Bill Wyman apparently told Geldof before not to approach the Stones because ‘Keith doesn’t give a fuck’). Stewart was not touring at the time and was ultimately unable to put together a band in time for the concert as was Billy Joel who actually did not like the idea of performing solo in front of such a big stadium audience. Geldof claimed \"Stevie Wonder eventually agreed to appear, but then he phoned me up and said, 'I am not going to be the token black on the show'\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.913724899291992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Geldof was not happy about The Hooters being tacked onto the bill as the opening band in Philadelphia. He felt pressured into it by Graham and local promoter Larry Magid. Magid, promoting the concert through Electric Factory Concerts, correctly argued that the band was hugely popular in Philadelphia, their first major label album Nervous Night being released less than three months beforehand was a genuine hit record. Geldof let his feelings be known during an interview for Rolling Stone by asking: \"Who the fuck are the Hooters?\" In December 2004, Geldof appeared on the bill with the Hooters in Germany as their opening act.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.05078411102295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Due to their \"sub-standard\" performance, the band members have blocked all possible broadcasts of it since and they withheld permission for it to be included on the official DVD release of the concerts, although footage of the band's performance does exist in its entirety on YouTube. It has since been selected by Philadelphia as \"one of the worst rock-and-roll reunions of all time\". Victor Fiorillo wrote: \"I'd like to be able to blame all of the awfulness on anaemic Phil Collins, who sat in on drums, and Page himself later fingered the Genesis drummer for screwing up the set. But Collins was just the beginning of the bad. Go ahead. Watch and remember. It really was that terrible.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.81091594696045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Philadelphia, John F. Kennedy Stadium ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.262207984924316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "The most complete footage that exists is used from the BBC source, and this was the main source of the DVD. During production on the official DVD, MTV lent Woodcharm Ltd. their B-roll and alternate camera footage where MTV provided extra footage of the Philadelphia concert (where ABC had erased the tapes from the command of Bob Geldof), and those songs that were not littered with ads were used on the official DVD.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.711228370666504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "Judicious decisions were also made on which acts would be included and which ones would not, due to either technical difficulties in the original performances, the absence of original footage, or for music rights reasons. For example, Rick Springfield, the Four Tops, the Hooters, the Power Station, Billy Ocean, Kool and the Gang and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young were among those acts that were left off the DVD. Many of the artists' songs that were performed were also omitted. For example, Madonna performed three solo songs in the concert, but only two were included on the DVD (\"Love Makes the World Go Round\" was omitted). Phil Collins played \"Against All Odds\" and \"In the Air Tonight\" at both Wembley and JFK, but only the London performance of the former and the Philadelphia performance of the latter were included on the DVD. The JFK performance of \"Against All Odds\" was later included on Phil Collins' Finally...The First Farewell Tour DVD. Tom Petty performed four songs, and only two were included on DVD. Patti LaBelle played 6 songs but only 2 songs were included.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.490532875061035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Live Aid" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "In the US 22,000 pledges were received within five minutes of the Beach Boys taking to the stage in the simultaneous concert at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.058597564697266, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1985: Live Aid makes millions for ..." }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "A memorable moment of the concert was Phil Collins’ performance in Philadelphia after flying by Concorde from London, where he performed at Wembley earlier in the day. He later played drums in a reunion of the surviving members of Led Zeppelin. Beatle Paul McCartney and the Who’s Pete Townsend held Bob Geldof aloft on their shoulders during the London finale, which featured a collective performance of “Do They Know It’s Christmas?” Six hours later, the U.S. concert ended with “We Are the World.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.110567092895508, "source": "search", "title": "Live Aid concert - History.com — American & World History" }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "passage": "I remember too the mad dash back at the end to catch the rest of the Philadelphia show. We never did see it all - we were finished! All happily exhausted!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.091021537780762, "source": "search", "title": "1985: Was Live Aid the best rock concert ever? - BBC News" } ]

[ { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Natan Sharansky (, ; born Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky () on 20 January 1948) is a Soviet-born Israeli politician, human rights activist and author who spent nine years in Soviet prisons. Natan Sharansky has served as Chairman of the Executive of the Jewish Agency since June 2009. ", "precise_score": 4.510954856872559, "rough_score": 6.3831706047058105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Sharansky was born in Donetsk (then called Stalino), Soviet Union on 20 January 1948 to a Jewish family. He graduated with a degree in applied mathematics from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. As a child, he was a chess prodigy. He performed in simultaneous and blindfold displays, usually against adults. At the age of 15, he won the championship in his native Donetsk. When incarcerated in solitary confinement, he claims to have maintained his sanity by playing chess against himself in his mind. Sharansky beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a simultaneous exhibition in Israel in 1996.", "precise_score": 1.7201595306396484, "rough_score": -0.552209198474884, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Sharansky appeared in a March 1990 edition of National Geographic magazine. The article, \"Last Days of the Gulag\" by Mike Edwards, profiles through photographs and text one of the few remaining Soviet prison labor camps. The article featured a photo of Natan Sharansky and his wife Avital in their home in Israel viewing photos of the same Gulag where he had been imprisoned, but as it appeared in 1990. Sharansky remarked in the article that after viewing images of the prisoner's faces he could discern that the protocol of oppression was still at work. The author also showed Sharansky a photo of the cold isolation cell where he had himself been confined. Sharansky commented with irony that conditions had improved slightly—the stark cell now featured a thin bench bolted to the middle of the floor. He said that if that bench had existed when he was there he could have utilized it to sleep, albeit uncomfortably.", "precise_score": 2.606457233428955, "rough_score": 4.074665546417236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Sharansky immediately immigrated to Israel, adopting the Hebrew name Natan and eventually simplifying his surname to Sharansky. His wife had become religiously observant during his detention, but he did not follow her on this path.", "precise_score": 0.4360505938529968, "rough_score": -2.2926347255706787, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "In June 2009 Sharansky was elected to the Chair of the Executive of the Jewish Agency for Israel by the Jewish Agency Board of Governors. In September 2009 Sharansky secured $6 million from the Genesis Philanthropy Group for educational activities in the former Soviet Union. ", "precise_score": -0.8417522311210632, "rough_score": -3.3812429904937744, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "In 1997, Sharansky was the focus of a 2.5-hour-long episode of Chaim SheKa'ele (\"What A Life\"), the Israeli version of This Is Your Life. The episode focused mainly on his experiences as a Soviet dissident, and featured many of his family and acquaintances. In 2005, Sharansky participated in They Chose Freedom, a four-part television documentary on the history of the Soviet dissident movement, and in 2008 he was featured in Laura Bialis' documentary Refusenik. In 2014 he took part in Natella Boltyanskaya's documentary Parallels, Events, People. He was number eleven on the list of Time magazine's 100 most influential people of 2005 in the \"Scientists and thinkers\" category. ", "precise_score": 0.4015501141548157, "rough_score": 0.4912888705730438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "A little background: Sharansky was a Soviet refusenik. He became an advocate for human rights in the Soviet Union in the 1970s after he was refused a visa to travel to Israel. He endured 13 years of hard labor and solitary confinement before becoming the first political prisoner released by Gorbachev. He says he kept his sanity in prison by playing blind chess by himself. Sharansky also defeated World Chess champion, Garry Kasparov, in a game during a simultaneous chess exhibition event.", "precise_score": 4.514451503753662, "rough_score": 4.794642448425293, "source": "search", "title": "Natan Sharansky - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "YN - He infiltrated Israel as a worldwide hero. Remember, he got here through a spy exchange, not simply released from prison and allowed to leave like all the rest of us. Within a few years he was living in a $1.5 million dollar home. Where did he get that kind of money? Next, he was in the government cabinet. Now he's really useful. When the powers that run America want Netanyahu to withdraw from Judea and Samaria, who do they send to the Wye plantation? Their agents Sharon and Sharansky. When the same powers seek a justification for attacking Afghanistan and Iraq, who do they turn to but the trusted Sharansky. Just last week Condoleeza Rice called Sharansky the father of the movement to turn the Middle East democratic. When Putin is condemned worldwide for the slaughter in Chechnya, who comes to his rescue but Sharansky. Incidentally, that turned out to be a big mistake for Sharansky.", "precise_score": -0.014753940515220165, "rough_score": -1.9596607685089111, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Deputy Prime Minister and Minister Of Housing And Construction Natan Sharansky, had passed to the KGB interrogators the names of aliya activists and other Jews who tried to emigrate to Israel, and even requested the KGB interrogators to investigate them and study the files of tens of refuseniks all across the USSR who tried to emigrate to Israel at that time.", "precise_score": 1.431717872619629, "rough_score": -0.6468263268470764, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Former Soviet refusenik and prisoner, Israeli politician, human rights activist and author Natan Sharansky with his wife Avital after his release from prison in the Soviet Union. He landed in Israel on February 11, 1986 (Moshe Shai/FLASH90.)", "precise_score": 5.31919002532959, "rough_score": 7.395895957946777, "source": "search", "title": "30 years after Glienicke Bridge | Rachel Sharansky ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Editor's Note: Natan Sharansky was born in Ukraine in 1948 and studied mathematics in Moscow. He worked as an English interpreter for the great Soviet physicist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, and himself became a champion of Soviet Jewry and a worker for human rights. Convicted in 1978 on trumped-up charges of treason and spying for the United States, Sharansky was sentenced to 13 years in prison. After years in the Siberian gulag, he was released in a U.S.-Soviet prisoner exchange in 1986 and moved to Israel, where he founded a political party promoting the acculturation of Soviet immigrants. He is now a minister without portfolio in the government of Ariel Sharon. Tom Rose, a frequent contributor to THE WEEKLY STANDARD, interviewed Sharansky in Jerusalem.", "precise_score": 5.620276927947998, "rough_score": 7.291694164276123, "source": "search", "title": "The View from the Gulag | The Weekly Standard" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Yet, Montreal-born Cotler, now 73, helped free Soviet Jewish dissident Natan Sharansky in 1986 and South African anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela in 1990. And today, he has stepped up his fight to free Jonathan Pollard. Cotler is also laboring to advance Arab-Israeli peace negotiations.", "precise_score": -1.1317898035049438, "rough_score": -3.4171431064605713, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Natan (Anatoli) Sharansky was arrested in 1977 for his Zionist activism, his insistence on the right of Russian Jews to make aliyah to Israel. However he was accused of the much more serious crime of treason, for spying for the United States. He sat in prison from 1977 to 1986 including eight years in a Soviet prison camp in Siberia. After continuous public protest in the West, spear-headed by his wife Avital, Natan Sharansky was released in a spy exchange between the US and the USSR in 1986. After making aliyah and establishing a Russian immigrant party in 1996, he became Israeli Minister of Industry and Trade and later of the Interior.", "precise_score": 6.240817070007324, "rough_score": 7.468808650970459, "source": "search", "title": "1st Candle: Fear No Evil: Hanukkah in the Gulag" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "He was given the current name in 1986 by the Israeli ambassador to West Germany, after he was freed from the Soviet incarceration as part of prisoner exchange.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.3645658493042, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Sharansky was denied an exit visa to Israel in 1973. The reason given for denial of the visa was that he had been given access, at some point in his career, to information vital to Soviet national security and could not now be allowed to leave. After becoming a refusenik, Sharansky became a human rights activist, working as a translator for dissident and nuclear physicist Andrei Sakharov, and spokesman for the Moscow Helsinki Group and a leader for the rights of refuseniks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.86425256729126, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "In 1988, he wrote Fear No Evil, his memoirs of his time as a prisoner, and founded the Zionist Forum, an organization of Soviet immigrant Jewish activists dedicated to helping new Israelis and educating the public about integration issues, known in Israel as klita (lit. \"absorption\"). Sharansky also served as a contributing editor to The Jerusalem Report and as a Board member of Peace Watch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.296687126159668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Israeli political career", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.551864624023438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "In 1995 Sharansky and Yoel Edelstein founded the Yisrael BaAliyah party (a play of words, since \"aliya\" means both Jewish emigration to Israel, and \"rise\", thus the party name means \"(People of) Israel immigrating (to the State of Israel)\", as well as \"Israel on the rise\"), promoting the absorption of the Soviet Jews into Israeli society. The party won seven Knesset seats in 1996. It won 6 seats in the Israeli legislative election, 1999, gaining two ministerial posts, but left the government on 11 July 2000 in response to suggestions that Prime Minister Ehud Barak's negotiations with the Palestinians would result in a division of Jerusalem. After Ariel Sharon won a special election for Prime Minister in 2001, the party joined his new government, and was again given two ministerial posts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.259349822998047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "From March 2003 – May 2005, he was Israel's Minister without Portfolio, responsible for Jerusalem, social and Jewish diaspora affairs. Under this position Sharansky chaired a secret committee that approved the confiscation of East Jerusalem property of West Bank Palestinians. This decision was reversed after an outcry from the Israeli left and the international community. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.86049747467041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Previously he served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Israel, Minister of Housing and Construction since March 2001, Interior Minister of Israel (July 1999 – resigned in July 2000), Minister of Industry and Trade (1996–1999).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48711109161377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "He resigned from the cabinet in April 2005 to protest plans to withdraw Israeli settlements from the Gaza Strip and northern West Bank.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465351104736328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Sharansky has argued that there can never be peace between Israel and the Palestinians until there is \"the building of real democratic institutions in the fledgling Palestinian society, no matter how tempting a 'solution' without them may be.\" In a Haaretz interview, he maintained the following:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.269338607788086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Jews came here 3,000 years ago and this is the cradle of Jewish civilization. Jews are the only people in history who kept their loyalty to their identity and their land throughout the 2,000 years of exile, and no doubt that they have the right to have their place among nations—not only historically but also geographically. As to the Palestinians, who are the descendants of those Arabs who migrated in the last 200 years, they have the right, if they want, to have their own state ... but not at the expense of the state of Israel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.305692672729492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Natan Sharansky" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "February 27, 1990 – Mandela raises eyebrows in when he embraces PLO leader Yasser Arafat in Lusaka, Zambia, likening the Palestinian-Israeli conflict to the struggle against South African apartheid. “If the truth alienates the powerful Jewish community in South Africa, that’s too bad,” says Mandela.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32509708404541, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "October 24, 1990 – Mandela arouses the anger of Australian Jewish groups upon his arrival in Canberra , likening Israel to a “terrorist state” and accusing her of “slaughtering defenseless, innocent Arabs.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.284785270690918, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "July 14, 1991 – Following U.S. lead, Israel lifts cultural and economic sanctions against  South Africa after four years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199538230895996, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "October 18, 1991 – For the first time in 20 years, the United Nations General Assembly opts not to censure Israel for ties to South Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277356147766113, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "November 1993 – The Clinton-brokered peace accord between Israel and the PLO cited as a factor improving relations between the Jewish state and African nations. Mandela tells Liel that he will nominate Arafat and Rabin for a shared Nobel Peace Prize in 1994, which they would ultimately be awarded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404073715209961, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "May 12, 1994 – JTA writes that Mandela met with Israeli President Ezer Weizman before greeting several international dignitaries at a meeting in Cape Town. PLO leader Yasser Arafat was invited to join them. “He calls Arafat by his first name, Yasser,” Weizman recalled. “They embraced, and he said he and Arafat were brothers. I said: ‘Then, Mr. President, we are cousins.’ “", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385004997253418, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "May 18, 1994–  Arafat stirs up a fury in Israel concerning remarks made while in South Africa for Mandela’s inauguration. In a speech at a South African mosque , Arafat said, “Jihad will continue and Jerusalem is not for the Palestinian people. It is for all the Muslim people.” Arafat claimed that he intended the word to mean a peaceful crusade rather than a holy war, as the Arabic expression is generally interpreted in English, adding, “I’ll continue my jihad for peace.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.28293514251709, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "June 1994 – Following Mandela’s election, Israel lifts seven-year arms embargo against South Africa. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.528770446777344, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "November 1994 – Israeli professor Michael Wolfsohn reveals that in 1989, Mandela’s release was on the table as part of large prisoner exchange for missing Israeli soldier Ron Arad until the Berlin Wall fell .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.433995246887207, "source": "search", "title": "From the Archive: Nelson Mandela and the Jews | Jewish ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "I was contacted by two distinguished Russian-Israelis last week, (Jan. 05). First, the respected journalist Effie Maideneck made a pitch to me to investigate the harassment of a \"truthseeker like me,\" Dr. Yuli Nudelman. Then I was honored with three e-mails from the revered former Prisoner of Zion, Ida Nudel. She also wrote, \"Yuli needs help.\" (Mrs. Nudel's correspondence will follow this article)..", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215002059936523, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Dr. Yuli Nudelman is the former chief surgeon of Rambam Hospital. In the 1960s he was a leader of the movement to allow Soviet Jews to emigrate to Israel. When the Soviets released him, he quickly made his mark in Israel as a major in the IDF, awarded for his battlefield surgery, then as a crusader against local medical corruption. He was a columnist for the left wing crusading newsmagazine HaOlam HaZeh and later the author of two powerful books exposing serious malpractice in the Israeli medical system.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.132597923278809, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "BC - But what about his wife Avital, who fought for his freedom in Israel?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448285102844238, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "YN - All a KGB show, like her supposed conversion to Judaism in 1974. She is from a family of spies. Her brother Michael was sent to Washington to infiltrate the CIA. He got into trouble there and fled to Israel. Not long after he arrived, he was poisoned to death at age 44.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.147808074951172, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "According to my personal experience, Mr. Sharansky has surrounded himself in Israel with cynical and dirty persons without moral values and mafia-like mentality and behaviour...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.953554153442383, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Contrary to his image as a prisoner of Zion who heroically struggled against the KGB, Sharansky betrayed his comrades, the aliyah activists and other Jews who tried to emigrate to Israel...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.814467430114746, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "- Letter Of Appeal submitted to Supreme Court Of Israel by attorney Yoram Mushkat", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.482285499572754, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Citizens of the State of Israel: Michael Babel, Ilya Voitovestsky, Arye Vudka, Yigael Yehudi, Dr. Felix Kochubievsky, Eduard Kuznetsov, Silva Zalmanson, Ephraim Melamed, Yehudit Yehudi-Nepomniaschchi, Meir Nepomniaschi, advocate Jacov Maniovich, Ida Nudel, Dr. Victor Ben Zvi (Polsky), Prof. Vadim Rotenberg, Jakov Segal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.265416145324707, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "- Appeal to Prof. Elyakim Rubinstein, Attorney General of the State of Israel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35909366607666, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "I have met Israeli Minister Natan Sharansky about five times in Israel and abroad. Mr. Sharansky asked me for a contribution and I agreed to contribute the sum to an association whose account was in Bank Hapoalim.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8211750984191895, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Having lived in Israel for 17 years, I cannot imagine people that might come forward and start the action at the level being proposed by you. You are actually appealing to intellectuals and businessmen the category of population that is most conservative when a risk is involved of loosing their social privileges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.185747146606445, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Something would probably become known on the fate of 34 officers who signed a protest letter. I very much fear that most of them will be morally broken and humiliated in a most primitive manner, and their dignity will be wrecked. Those who would prove stauncher if any will also pay for that wonderful day when they behaved like free citizens. I’ve come to Israel from a totalitarian country but with an experience of a citizen perceiving my personal responsibility to the society in which I live. I cannot help but to compare the moral and social environment and the unwritten laws of my both societies the past and the present.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.426619529724121, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "I’m sorry to say that the moral spirit and the cynical bureaucratic attitude towards the population in the Jewish land have little difference from the Bolshevik regime. The fact that anybody can freely leave Israel makes it possible for the bureaucracy to conceal its Bolshevik character. Instead of being put in prisons and psychiatric hospitals as it was done in the USSR, the dissidents just leave the society and the country in the care of their more passive compatriots.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.842365264892578, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Should your idea of disobedience be first implemented outside Israel, than some Israeli version might probably emerge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417181015014648, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "RE: My last piece on Stanley Fischer. He arrived in Israel last week and two days later, the Bronfmans of the CFR announced their acquisition of majority shares in the country's third largest bank, Israel Discount (IDB), The financial takeover of the CFR is in full swing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.178643226623535, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "I have an idea and I appeal for your cooperation. While Israel crumbles, the facts just aren't getting out. I will match your donation to help change things a bit. If you send me the regular $25 price for my new book Shabtai Tzvi, Labor Zionism And The Holocaust, I will donate two other books, Who Murdered Yitzhak Rabin and The Last Days Of Israel to the public, church, synagogue or school library of your choice. Just send me the mailing address of the library, I'll send out the books with your name inscribed within as the donor. If we work together on this idea, we can expand the readership for the truth manifold and maybe, help preserve the honor and viability of Israel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.022231101989746, "source": "search", "title": "Natan The Liar | Barry Chamish" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "30 years after Glienicke Bridge | Rachel Sharansky Danziger | The Blogs | The Times of Israel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.931219100952148, "source": "search", "title": "30 years after Glienicke Bridge | Rachel Sharansky ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "This post has been contributed by a third party. The opinions, facts and any media content here are presented solely by the author, and The Times of Israel assumes no responsibility for them. In case of abuse, report this post .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.482473373413086, "source": "search", "title": "30 years after Glienicke Bridge | Rachel Sharansky ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "The bridge was Glienicke Bridge, of Steven Spielberg’s “Bridge of Spies” fame. When my father walked onto it he was a prisoner in the Soviet block, though a free man in spirit. He found freedom on the day he stopped hiding his opinions. He earned freedom as he fought for his right to be a Jew in Israel, and for his fellow Russians’ human rights. He preserved it as the KGB imprisoned his body, trying and failing to force him to recant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.46835708618164, "source": "search", "title": "30 years after Glienicke Bridge | Rachel Sharansky ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "He finally left the USSR behind him, and had my mother, and Israel, ahead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.225417137145996, "source": "search", "title": "30 years after Glienicke Bridge | Rachel Sharansky ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "In recent years, our children started asking the questions. Animals became prominent again, as did the diet in prison and and my father’s book of Psalms. I watch them walking the same paths we did as children, their eyes wide with wonder as they form their own inner geographies. But first, before the questions begin, we make sure to tell them the basic story: Bad people didn’t want Saba to come here, so they locked him in a little room. Savta yelled, “Let Saba come to Eretz Yisrael,” but they didn’t listen to her when she yelled alone. So Savta went all over the world, and because “all Israel are responsible for one another,” Jews everywhere started yelling with her. They yelled so loud, and for so long, that the bad people had to let Saba, and his fellow Jews in Russia, come home.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.549983024597168, "source": "search", "title": "30 years after Glienicke Bridge | Rachel Sharansky ..." }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "We meet in a Jerusalem hotel coffee shop. Cotler has just been to South Africa for the Mandela funeral, as a member of the Canadian delegation. With his plaid brown jacket, open-necked shirt and thin metallic glasses, he looks studious, professorial, and exhibits none of the bombast or flamboyance associated with politicians. On this late December morning, he is incensed that Israel has freed 26 Palestinian prisoners as part of the peace talks. “In Canada,” he observes forcefully, “we don’t free terrorists – period.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165473937988281, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "The Sharansky and Mandela cases were far more straightforward for Cotler than that of Jonathan Pollard, an American Jew convicted of passing classified information to Israel while working as a civilian intelligence analyst. In 1987, Pollard began serving a life sentence, but the campaign to free him was slow to gain strength.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.742436647415161, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "In the midst of pursuing justice for political prisoners, Cotler has maintained a long-standing and special personal relationship with the State of Israel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.061023712158203, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "When he was next in Israel, Cotler met with young Likud Knesset Members and Ariela Zeevi, the Likud parliamentary secretary. The Likud MKs arranged for Begin to host Cotler, who told the prime minister of Sadat’s questions, adding that the Egyptian leader had seemed genuine in his hope to make peace with Israel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24933910369873, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "At first, Zeevi, a close confidante of Begin, thought Cotler might be an Arab spy; after all, though Jewish and proIsrael, he traveled freely through the Arab world, a rare trick. But she overcame her suspicions. They were married on March 26, 1979, the day that Israel signed a peace treaty with Egypt. “My wife had such a major presence within the Likud that I truly believed our getting married was a loss for the State of Israel because she left her job and came to live in Canada with me,” Cotler says. Of their four children, two live in Israel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08837890625, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "When in 2000 Canada voted to support a UN Security Council resolution urging Israel to use restraint toward Palestinian protesters, he argued that it was unfair to blame Israel for such treatment while exonerating the Palestinians for their violence. His stance earned him a severe condemnation from his own Liberal Party lawmakers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.414036750793457, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Today, Cotler has little trouble defending Israel against charges of apartheid. “On the macro level,” he observes, “Israel is a democratic country. It is not right to call Israel an apartheid state because it demeans the struggle against the real apartheid that occurred in South Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404335021972656, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "This is a free and democratic state. But as is the case in any democracy, there are issues of concern. How does a state treat its minorities, in Israel’s case, the Israeli Arabs and the Palestinians? How does it treat the African immigrant community?” Cotler has turned the advocacy of human rights for political prisoners into a formula to be used each time he or others tackle tough cases. “It’s not enough to make representations to the USSR,” he comments. “Numerous other actions must be taken to get the target’s attention. These include getting world leaders involved, mobilizing parliaments and intergovernmental bodies such as the UN, showing how a country has violated international covenants or treaties, getting women’s groups, student movements and the media involved, holding international mock tribunals.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937337875366211, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Cotler has been at the barricades for justice for decades; and even today he has a dozen causes with which he is involved – human-rights abuses in Iran and Syria, the Pollard case, the 60,000 Africans in Israel mostly from Sudan and Eritrea. He still travels often; and he is still one of Canada’s most formidable politicians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341254234313965, "source": "search", "title": "Irwin Cotler: Pursuing justice | CIJA" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "Sharansky addressed his first remarks to those who were not in the courtroom, his wife Avital who emigrated to Israel and the Jewish people:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.563102722167969, "source": "search", "title": "1st Candle: Fear No Evil: Hanukkah in the Gulag" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "\"Five years ago, I submitted my application for exit to Israel. Now I am further than ever from my dream. It would seem to be cause for regret. But it is absolutely the other way around. I am happy. I am happy that I lived honorably, at peace with my conscience. I never compromised my soul, even under the threat of death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320446968078613, "source": "search", "title": "1st Candle: Fear No Evil: Hanukkah in the Gulag" }, { "answer": "Israel", "passage": "\"I hope that the absurd accusation against me and the entire Jewish emigration movement will not hinder the liberation of my people. My near ones and friends know how I wanted to exchange activity in the emigration movement for a life with my wife Avital, in Israel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.241555213928223, "source": "search", "title": "1st Candle: Fear No Evil: Hanukkah in the Gulag" } ]

[ { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The bicentenary of Australia was celebrated in 1988. It marked 200 years since the arrival of the First Fleet of British convict ships at Sydney in 1788. The event triggered debate on Australian national identity, Aboriginal rights, historical interpretation and multiculturalism.", "precise_score": 8.389260292053223, "rough_score": 8.744961738586426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The bicentennial year of Captain Arthur Phillip's arrival with the 11 ships of the First Fleet in Sydney Harbour in 1788, and the founding of the city of Sydney and the colony of New South Wales. 1988 is considered the official bicentenary year of the founding of Australia.", "precise_score": 5.397336006164551, "rough_score": 6.510739803314209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Australian Bicentenary was marked by huge pomp and ceremony across Australia to mark anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet of British ships at Sydney in 1788. The Australian Bicentennial Authority (ABA), pursuant to the Australian Bicentennial Authority Act 1980, was set up to plan, fund and coordinate projects that emphasized the nation's cultural heritage. State Councils were also created to ensure cooperation between the federal and state governments. The result was a national programme of events and celebrations to commemorate the Bicentenary, including:", "precise_score": 2.560187339782715, "rough_score": 5.083660125732422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The opening ceremony of the 16th World Scout Jamboree, which took place at midnight on 31 December 1987, was the first official event of Australia's Bicentenary.", "precise_score": 4.6432085037231445, "rough_score": 5.189546585083008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "1988 was also marked by the completion of many unique development projects such as the Bicentennial National Trail and on 9 May of that year, Queen Elizabeth II opened the New Parliament House in Canberra. As well as this, the modern Darling Harbour precinct was completed and opened, as was the modern Sydney Football Stadium. It was also marked by the creation of one of Australia's most significant art works, the Aboriginal Memorial, which commemorated those Indigenous Australians who died as a result of European settlement. Other events included the Bicentennial Beacons, a series of bonfires lit around Australia. A celebration featuring motor cycle riders from around Australia was also held in Canberra during the year. Not all events went well with the disastrous Round Australia Yacht Race claiming several lives and being the subject of legal action.", "precise_score": 2.7546563148498535, "rough_score": 2.11500883102417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "1988: The Bicentenary – Australia Day", "precise_score": 6.688082695007324, "rough_score": 7.2346625328063965, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "On Australia Day 1988 Sydney Harbour, that 'chief amphitheatre of Australian life', was again the centre of attention. This time the extraordinary spectacle attracting some two million people to its shores was the arrival of Tall Ships from around the world and the First Fleet re-enactment. By contrast, the tent city of the Bicentennial Exhibition travelled the country visiting thirty-four cities and towns to involve Australians in the celebration. That year's journey and the Exhibition's scope showed how far planners of the 1988 event had come from those organising the March to Nationhood pageant in Sydney in 1938 and the three months' celebrations there. The federal government, by taking responsibility for the Bicentenary with the setting up of the Australian Bicentennial Authority (ABA) in 1980, signalled a different approach to the NSW government's two-year preparations for the Sesquicentenary.", "precise_score": 6.4910454750061035, "rough_score": 6.972779273986816, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "FIGURE 18: View of the crowd at new Parliament House, Canberra for the Canberra leg of the Caltex Bicentennial Bike Ride, ca 1988 — a contrast to the Australian Natives' Association's wheel race in 1897. Source: nla.pic-an24526897, National Library of Australia", "precise_score": 1.2588766813278198, "rough_score": -5.040614604949951, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "RL Harry, former ambassador to the UN, had acknowledged at the 1981 forum that some delegates thought that 'gratitude for, and loyalty to, British origins and institutions' should be part of Australia Day celebrations. But the challenge he posed was to find a 'balance between national unity and cultural diversity' which would allow Aborigines to turn Australia Day from a day of mourning into one of rejoicing. Promoting love of country through Australia Day was to pave the way for Australians' involvement in the bicentennial year, with the Committee, and its state or territory — and where appropriate regional — counterparts working alongside the ABA structure. The work continued after the Committee became a Commonwealth funded Council in 1984 with state, territory and Commonwealth nominees. The Council moved its base to Sydney (where the ABA was established) and encouraged links with the corporate sector through project sponsorship.", "precise_score": -2.3078742027282715, "rough_score": -1.5605008602142334, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "For the Authority, finding a theme acceptable to the federal government for 1988 proved difficult: 'Living Together', which acknowledged the diversity of Australian society, became, at the insistence of the Fraser Coalition government, 'the Australian achievement'. The change to the Hawke Labor government in 1983, allowed the ABA to return to its original theme.  With criticism of this theme from conservatives, changes in the Authority's leadership, and the adoption of the theme 'Celebration of a Nation' for the hard sell by advertising agencies, the Authority seemed to lose interest in encouraging Australians to reflect on their history. It presided instead over 'the greatest one-day spectacle Australia has ever seen - a specifically Sydney spectacle'. The Bicentennial Exhibition, which had the potential to prompt critical reflection, seems to have puzzled rather than stimulated its viewers.34  But there were many other projects (figure 18), including ones intended to last well beyond 1988, such as the new Parliament House in Canberra. Another was Australians: a Historical Library, a ten-volume set, the result of a remarkable collaboration of historians, economists, archaeologists, geographers and others over ten years.", "precise_score": 2.1400527954101562, "rough_score": 0.30099549889564514, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Aborigines declared their opposition to the celebrations of 26 January 1988 with land rights flags at Lady Macquarie's Point on Sydney Harbour, the Bondi Pavilion protest concert, and the gathering of Aboriginal marchers and white supporters at Belmore Park. Posters summarised their protest: 'WHITE AUSTRALIA HAS A BLACK HISTORY — DON'T CELEBRATE 1988'; 'AUSTRALIA DAY = INVASION DAY 1988'. Some of the rights sought by Aboriginal protesters in 1938 had been achieved, but there was still great inequality between Aborigines and other Australians. Building on the protest of 1938, the events on 26 January in 1988 developed new traditions, especially the Survival Day Concert, which from 1992 took place each year at La Perouse, later moving to Waverley Oval near Bondi. By that time the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody had revealed just how devastating the effect of white colonisation on Aboriginal people had been. Responding to the findings, the federal government established the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation (Australia) in an attempt to bring Australians together in addressing the problems of the past and finding a way forward for the future.", "precise_score": 0.2483203113079071, "rough_score": -2.7189877033233643, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "In 1988, Australia celebrated its bicentennial, Hello! magazine launches in the UK, and Bruce Willis stars in Die Hard. Celebrate 1988 with our selection of whiskies from that year.", "precise_score": 7.3327460289001465, "rough_score": 8.05555248260498, "source": "search", "title": "1988 Vintage Whisky : The Whisky Exchange" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The National Party of Australia (also known as The Nationals or simply, The Nats) is an Australian political party. Traditionally representing graziers, farmers, and rural voters generally, it began as the Country Party in 1920 at a federal level. It would later briefly adopt the name National Country Party in 1975, before adopting their current name in 1982. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.623170852661133, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Federally, and in New South Wales, and to an extent in Victoria and historically in Western Australia, it has, in government, been the minor party in a centre-right Coalition with the Liberal Party of Australia, and its leader has usually served as Deputy Prime Minister. In Opposition the Coalition was usually maintained, but otherwise still generally continued to work in co-operation with the Liberal Party of Australia (and their predecessors the Nationalist Party of Australia and United Australia Party). In Queensland however, they were the senior coalition party between 1925 and 2008, after which they merged with the junior Liberal Party of Australia to form the Liberal National Party (LNP).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16030216217041, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Country Party was formally founded in 1913 in Western Australia, and nationally in 1920 from a number of state-based parties such as the Victorian Farmers' Union (VFU) and the Farmers and Settlers Party of New South Wales. Australia's first Country Party was founded in 1912 by Harry J. Stephens, editor of The Farmer & Settler, but under fierce opposition from rival newspapers, failed to gain momentum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.949299812316895, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The VFU won a seat in the House of Representatives in 1918, and at the 1919 federal election the state-based country parties won seats in New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. They also began to win seats in the state parliaments. In 1920 the Country Party was established as a national party led by William McWilliams from Tasmania. In his first speech as leader, McWilliams laid out the principles of the new party, stating \"we crave no alliance, we spurn no support but we intend drastic action to secure closer attention to the needs of primary producers\"Neilson, W. (1986) 'McWilliams, William James (1856–1929)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. McWilliams was deposed as party leader in favour of Dr Earle Page in April 1921 following instances where McWilliams voted against the party line. McWilliams would later leave the Country Party to sit as an Independent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.003922462463379, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Fadden-led Coalition made almost no headway against Curtin, and was severely defeated in the 1943 election. After that loss, Fadden became deputy Leader of the Opposition under Menzies, a role that continued after Menzies folded the UAP into the Liberal Party of Australia in 1944. Fadden remained a loyal partner of Menzies, though he was still keen to assert the independence of his party. Indeed, in the lead up to the 1949 federal election, Fadden played a key role in the defeat of the Chifley Labor government, frequently making inflammatory claims about the \"socialist\" nature of the Labor Party, which Menzies could then \"clarify\" or repudiate as he saw fit, thus appearing more \"moderate\". In 1949, Fadden became Treasurer in the second Menzies government and remained so until his retirement in 1958. His successful partnership with Menzies was one of the elements that sustained the coalition, which remained in office until 1972 (Menzies himself retired in 1966).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.139653205871582, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Fadden's successor, Trade Minister John McEwen, took the then unusual step of declining to serve as Treasurer, believing he could better ensure that the interests of Australian primary producers were safeguarded. Accordingly, McEwen personally supervised the signing of the first post-war trade treaty with Japan, new trade agreements with New Zealand and Britain, and Australia's first trade agreement with the USSR (1965). In addition to this he insisted on developing an all encompassing system of tariff protection that would encourage the development of those secondary industries that would \"value add\" Australia's primary produce. His success in this endeavour is sometimes dubbed \"McEwenism\". This was the period of the Country Party's greatest power, as was demonstrated in 1962 when McEwen was able to insist that Menzies sack a Liberal Minister who claimed that Britain's entry into the European Economic Community was unlikely to severely impact on the Australian economy as a whole. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.934846878051758, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "At the state level, from 1957 to 1989, the Country Party under Frank Nicklin and Joh Bjelke-Petersen dominated governments in Queensland—the last six of those years ruling in its own right, without the Liberals. It also took part in governments in New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.145506858825684, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "\"Countrymindedness\" was a slogan that summed up the ideology of the Country Party from 1920 through the early 1970s. It was an ideology that was physiocratic, populist, and decentralist; it fostered rural solidarity and justified demands for government subsidies. \"Countrymindedness\" grew out of the failure of the country areas to participate in the rapid economic and population expansions that occurred after 1890. The growth of the ideology into urban areas came as most country people migrated to jobs in the cities. Its decline was due mainly to the reduction of real and psychological differences between country and city brought about by the postwar expansion of the Australian urban population and to the increased affluence and technological changes that accompanied it. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.964223861694336, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "In 1975 the Country Party changed its name to the National Country Party as part of a strategy to expand into urban areas. This had some success in Queensland under Joh Bjelke-Petersen, but nowhere else. In Western Australia, the party briefly walked out of the coalition agreement in Western Australia in May 1975, returning within the month. However, the party split in two over the decision and other factors in late 1978, with a new National Party forming and becoming independent, holding three seats in the Western Australian lower house, while the National Country Party remained in coalition and also held three seats. They reconciled after the Burke Labor government came to power in 1983.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.118734359741211, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The continued success of the Australian Labor Party at a state level has put pressure on the Nationals' links with the Liberal Party, their traditional coalition partner. In most states, the Coalition agreement is not in force when the parties are in opposition, allowing the two parties greater freedom of action.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483838081359863, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "In Queensland the National Party merged with the Liberal Party forming the Liberal National Party (LNP) in 2008. The LNP led by Lawrence Springborg went on to lose the March 2009 election to Anna Bligh's Australian Labor Party. However, in the Queensland state election, 2012, the LNP defeated the Labor Party in a landslide, but lost government in 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.197875022888184, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "South Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408599853515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "In South Australia, for the first time in the Nationals' history, in 2002 the single Nationals member in the House of Assembly entered the Rann Labor Government as a Minister forming an informal coalition between the two parties. Since the 2010 South Australian State election, the Nationals in South Australia have no representative in either the House of Assembly or the Upper House or at a Federal level. There existed a distinctly different Country Party in South Australia which merged with the Liberal Federation to become the Liberal and Country League in 1932.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.654391288757324, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Western Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.338964462280273, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Western Australia's National Party chose to assert its independence after an acrimonious co-habitation with the Liberals on the 2005 campaign trail. Unlike its New South Wales and Queensland counterparts, the WA party had decided to oppose Liberal candidates in the 2008 election. The party aimed to hold the balance of power in the state \"as an independent conservative party\" ready to negotiate with the Liberals or Labor to form a minority government. After the election, the Nationals negotiated an agreement to form a government with the Liberals and an independent MP, though not described as a \"traditional coalition\" due to the reduced cabinet collective responsibility of National cabinet members. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.074545860290527, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Western Australia's one-vote-one-value reforms will cut the number of rural seats in the state assembly to reflect the rural population level: this, coupled with the Liberals' strength in country areas has put the Nationals under significant pressure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370939254760742, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Nationals see their main role as giving a voice to Australians who live outside the country's metropolitan areas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.336763381958008, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The National Party's support base and membership are closely associated with the agricultural community. Historically anti-union, the party has vacillated between state support for primary industries (\"agrarian socialism\") and free agricultural trade and has opposed tariff protection for Australia's manufacturing and service industries. This vacillation prompted those opposed to the policies of the Nationals to joke that its real aim was to \"capitalise its gains and socialise its losses!\". It is usually pro-mining, pro-development, and anti-environmentalist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.358203887939453, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Nationals vote is in decline and its traditional supporters are turning instead to prominent independents such as Bob Katter, Tony Windsor and Peter Andren in Federal Parliament and similar independents in the Parliaments of New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, many of whom are former members of the National Party. In fact at the 2004 Federal election, National Party candidates received fewer first preference votes than the Australian Greens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.227009773254395, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Australian Parliament", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410094261169434, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Country/National Leader in the Australian Senate", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.52305793762207, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The National Party does not stand candidates in Tasmania or the Australian Capital Territory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509926795959473, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Party of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "* Australia Live, a television special on New Year's Night", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285075187683105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "* the arrival of the First Fleet Re-enactment Voyage in Sydney Harbour on Australia Day", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.994523048400879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "* Australian Bicentennial Exhibition, toured throughout Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1128153800964355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "* all Australian schoolchildren were presented with a Bicentennial \"Heritage Medallion\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.753438949584961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "* the painting of A class locomotive A66 by regional Victorian train operator V/Line in a unique green and gold livery featuring the official ABA Bicentennial Logo and the wording 1788 Australian Bicentennary 1988", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.510313510894775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "* the Australian Bicentennial Airshow held at RAAF Richmond", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.78641939163208, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "* Trans-Australia hot air balloon Race, Perth to Sydney March 30, 1988.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.101067543029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "On Australia Day, Sydney Harbour hosted a re-enactment of the arrival of the First Fleet. The Hawke Government refused to fund the First Fleet re-enactment, because it believed this might offend Indigenous Australians. Radio 2GB in Sydney stepped in and held a fund raising appeal to keep the re-enactment on track. The government instead funded a rival display of Tall Ships which sailed up Australia's east coast and entered Sydney Harbour on the day, and it was felt that this was more acceptable to the Indigenous community.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.09967041015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Significant improvements to Australian roads were made through the Australian Bicentennial Road Development Program.[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SCSubject&SA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.066957473754883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Australian%20Bicentennial%20Road%20Development%20Program%2E&PID414&BROWSE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.541708946228027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "3 National Library of Australia Catalogue]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38908576965332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The event was widely viewed as controversial. Planning for the event raised issues of national identity and historical interpretation. Some wanted to remember the colonisation as an invasion while others wanted it to focus on historical re-enactments. The Uniting Church in Australia wanted people to boycott the event unless Aboriginal rights were recognised. The official slogan was \"Living Together\" which emphasised the theme of multi-culturism. Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser intervened to change the motto to \"The Australian Achievement\" in order to be more celebratory. Bob Hawke later restored the original motto. The response from the right wing in the country was loud. The Institute of Public Affairs suggested that tradition had been sacrificed to appease a minority. The historian Geoffrey Blainey claimed the Bicentenary was attempting to re-write the British out of the history of Australia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.649711608886719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australian Bicentenary" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "2016 Australia Day Message", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06430721282959, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Even before this event, the federal government had become involved in promoting Australia Day, by taking up the mantle worn by the ANA since the 1880s, especially in Victoria. In 1946 the ANA in Melbourne had begun the transition by prompting the formation of an Australia Day Committee (later known as Australia Day Council), drawn from representatives of many community organisations. Its purpose was to educate the public about the significance of Australia Day. In 1960 it introduced the Australian of the Year award. Similar groups formed in the other states took turns with the Victorian group in acting as the Federal Australia Day Council (FADC). In 1980 the federal government's newly-created National Australia Day Committee, based in the national capital, Canberra, took over that role with the FADC's agreement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.872932434082031, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The new Committee, set up to help interested groups make future celebrations 'truly national and Australia-wide', adopted a fresh approach to Australia Day. Its forum for state representatives in 1980 agreed that 26 January 1788 'should be seen as a day of contact, not of conquest…the day which began the fusion of Australians'. The theme, 'ONE LAND, ONE PEOPLE', would best reflect 'the spirit of Australia Day'. The Committee and the federal government were struggling with what respected Committee member, Sir Asher Joel, termed 'the crisis of identity…of establishing an Australian identity which will unite each and every one of us, surmounting all the borders, imaginary or real, of race, creed or class status'. Another member, Graham Allan, chairman of the National Youth Advisory Group, argued that the challenge was convincing the young that Australia Day had meaning, especially when 'we are not precisely sure, ourselves what meaning ought to be attributed to it'. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.345834732055664, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "At the 1981 forum with the theme, 'ONE NATION — ONE FUTURE', speakers looked for ways Australians could find unity in diversity. The composition of Australia's population had changed dramatically since the end of World War II with fewer British people wanting to migrate and increasing numbers of immigrants coming from Europe and later other parts of the world. For a country which had taken pride in being British and white, the change was remarkable. Between 1970 and 1990 the percentage of immigrants in Australia born in the British Isles dropped from 47.3 to 19.4. At the same time Aborigines were pressing ahead in their campaign for citizens' rights, encouraged by the passing of the referendum in 1967 which gave the federal government power to legislate on Aboriginal matters. Radical Aborigines, angered by the federal government's rejection of their land rights, set up a tent embassy in front of Parliament House on the evening of Australia Day 1972 to protest against being treated as outcasts in their own country. The Aboriginal flag designed by Harold Thomas the previous year became a powerful symbol, not just for the embassy but other Aboriginal organisations and Aboriginal people generally.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.739503860473633, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "National symbols were preoccupying the Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser.  He acknowledged at the 1981 forum that 'we cannot expect new symbols of our national awareness to take a grip overnight'. His government was wrestling with the transition in national anthems from Britain's, God Save the Queen, to Australia's Advance Australia Fair (as a national tune, not an anthem), a transition not completed until Bob Hawke's Labor government had it proclaimed as the national anthem in 1984. Even then God Save the Queen was retained as the Royal Anthem for particular occasions. Many Australians (32 per cent) also wanted a new flag, 26 per cent of them, one without the Union Jack. Ausflag, established in 1981, led the search for such a flag. The Australian National Flag Association, set up by the RSL in 1983, opposed that search.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.247023582458496, "source": "search", "title": "1988: The Bicentenary & Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Nocookies | The Australian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416768074035645, "source": "search", "title": "Bicentennial and beyond | The Australian" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Australian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.286940574645996, "source": "search", "title": "Bicentennial and beyond | The Australian" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "You are currently using private or incognito browsing mode so you’ll need to log in every time you visit The Australian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.574542045593262, "source": "search", "title": "Bicentennial and beyond | The Australian" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Indigenous Australians » Australia Day", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.183635711669922, "source": "search", "title": "Indigenous Australians - Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Indigenous Australians", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420010566711426, "source": "search", "title": "Indigenous Australians - Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Your event plan has been sent. See you on Australia Day!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409753799438477, "source": "search", "title": "Indigenous Australians - Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Indigenous Australians", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420010566711426, "source": "search", "title": "Indigenous Australians - Australia Day" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The date of 26 January is part of history for all Australians. It marks the survival of our Indigenous people, our convict heritage, and the enriching of contemporary Australian culture by the millions of people who have since called this country home. We acknowledge all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nations had change forced upon them with the coming of European laws, values and social constructs. Many see this day as a time to discuss issues affecting our national identity – it can be valuable for people to engage with Australia Day and add meaning in their own way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.723776817321777, "source": "search", "title": "Indigenous Australians - Australia Day" } ]

[ { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Bette Nesmith Graham (March 23, 1924 – May 12, 1980) was an American typist, commercial artist, and the inventor of Liquid Paper. She was also the mother of musician and producer Michael Nesmith of The Monkees.", "precise_score": 4.417468547821045, "rough_score": -0.1495942324399948, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bette Nesmith Graham" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Correction fluid was invented in 1951 by Bette Nesmith Graham, mother of Michael Nesmith of the Monkees.", "precise_score": 9.027798652648926, "rough_score": 8.929869651794434, "source": "search", "title": "Bette Nesmith | The Monkees | ZoomInfo.com" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Would you believe Michael Nesmith's mother invented Liquid Paper? You know, Michael Nesmith who was in the rock band, The Monkees? Perhaps I am dating myself. I guess Bette Nesmith Graham wasn't a good typist. She needed something to correct her errors. She invented the formula for Liquid Paper, then called Mistake Out, in her garage! She offered it to IBM who did not purchase the rights to this product. (This was one of IBM's many mistakes.) She sold it 17 years later to Gillette for $47.5 million plus royalties just 6 months before she died.", "precise_score": 4.466459274291992, "rough_score": 4.683825969696045, "source": "search", "title": "A Monkee's Mother Invented Liquid Paper - Yeah... Right ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Interesting fact about correction fluid: Bette Nesmith Graham, the mother of Michael Nesmith, a member of The Monkees, invented Liquid Paper, a leading brand of correction fluid, in 195I. Not that it helps you to get the stuff out of your clothes. Some brands of correction fluid are water-based and should come out with normal washing. It's those with petroleum in them that can cause problems. Dry-cleaning is recommended, but if you want to try at home, here's what to do if you fall victim to a stain.", "precise_score": 7.343763828277588, "rough_score": 7.053802490234375, "source": "search", "title": "How to remove correction fluid stains - Good Housekeeping UK" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "One of the first forms of correction fluid was invented in 1951 by the secretary Bette Nesmith Graham (who was also the mother of Michael Nesmith , an original member of The Monkees ).", "precise_score": 8.188003540039062, "rough_score": 8.452290534973145, "source": "search", "title": "Greatest Inventions -- Correction fluid - Edinformatics" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "The Monkees are an American Pop-rock band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed. They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series The Monkees, which aired from 1966 to 1968. The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British actor and singer Davy Jones. The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.17650032043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Out of 437 applicants, the other three chosen for the cast of the TV show were Michael Nesmith, Peter Tork and Micky Dolenz. Nesmith had been working as a musician since early 1963 and had been recording and releasing music under various names, including Michael Blessing and \"Mike & John & Bill\" and had studied drama in college; contrary to popular belief, of the final four, Nesmith was the one member who actually saw the ad in the Daily Variety and The Hollywood Reporter. Tork, the last to be chosen, had been working the Greenwich Village scene as a musician, and had shared the stage with Pete Seeger; he learned of The Monkees from Stephen Stills, whom Rafelson and Schneider had rejected. Dolenz was an actor (his father was veteran character actor George Dolenz) who had starred in the TV series Circus Boy as a child, using the stage name Mickey Braddock, and he had also played guitar and sung in a band called the Missing Links before the Monkees, which had recorded and released a very minor single, \"Don't Do It\". By that time he was using his real name; he found out about The Monkees through his agent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.73099136352539, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Mike Nesmith", "passage": "The Monkees' debut and second albums were meant to be a soundtrack to the first season of the TV show, to cash in on the audience. In the 2006 Rhino Deluxe Edition re-issue of their second album, More of the Monkees, Mike Nesmith stated, \"The first album shows up and I look at it with horror because it makes [us] appear as if we are a rock 'n' roll band. There's no credit for the other musicians. I go completely ballistic, and I say, 'What are you people thinking?' [The powers that be say], 'Well, you know, it's the fantasy.' I say, 'It's not the fantasy. You've crossed the line here! You are now duping the public. They know when they look at the television series that we're not a rock 'n' roll band; it's a show about a rock 'n' roll band. ... nobody for a minute believes that we are somehow this accomplished rock 'n' roll band that got their own television show. ... you putting the record out like this is just beyond the pale.\" Within a few months of their debut album, Music Supervisor Don Kirshner would be forcibly dismissed and the Monkees would take control as a real band.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.662278175354004, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Mike Nesmith", "passage": "The Monkees decided that they no longer needed Chip Douglas as a producer, and starting in November 1967, they largely produced their own sessions. Although the Monkees albums after this date will state \"Produced by The Monkees\", they would mostly be recording as solo artists. In a couple of cases, Boyce and Hart had returned from the first two albums to produce, but credit was given to the Monkees. It was also during this time that Michael Nesmith recorded his first solo album, The Wichita Train Whistle Sings, a big band jazz instrumental collection of interpretations of Nesmith's compositions, arranged by the jazz musician Shorty Rogers. Praised in The Los Angeles Times by the author of The Encyclopedia of Jazz, jazz critic Leonard Feather wrote \"Verbally and musically, Mike Nesmith is one of the most articulate spokesmen for the new and literate breed of pop musicians who have spring from the loins of primitive rock. [The album] with its carriage trade of symphony, rock, country, western, and swing, and with jazz riding in the caboose, may well indicate where contemporary popular music will be situated in the early 1970s.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.80404281616211, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "The final album with Michael Nesmith from the Monkees original incarnation would be their eighth album, The Monkees Present, released in October 1969, which peaked at No. 100 on the Billboard charts. It would include the Nesmith composed country-rock singles \"Listen to the Band\" and \"Good Clean Fun\" (released in September 1969). Other notable songs include the Dolenz composition \"Little Girl\", which featured Louie Shelton on electric guitar, joining Micky on acoustic guitar, along with \"Mommy and Daddy\" (B-side to the \"Good Clean Fun single) in which he sang about America's treatment of the Native Americans and drug abuse, and in an earlier take, released on Rhino Handmade's 2011 Deluxe Edition of Instant Replay, sang about JFK's assassination and the Vietnam war. Jones collaborated with Bill Chadwick on some slower ballads, along with releasing a couple of older upbeat songs from 1966.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.370349884033203, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "On April 14, 1970, Nesmith joined Dolenz and Jones for the last time as part of the original incarnation of the Monkees to film a Kool-Aid commercial, with Nesmith leaving the group to continue recording songs with his own country-rock group called Michael Nesmith & The First National Band, which he had started recording with on February 10, 1970. His first album with his own band was called Magnetic South, and at the time he left the Monkees in April, he was recording songs for his second album with The First National Band, called Loose Salute.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.32461929321289, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "* Michael Nesmith – guitar, vocals, keyboards (1966–1970, 1986, 1989, 1996–1997, 2012–2014, 2016)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.412956237792969, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Mike Nesmith", "passage": "Noted Monkees and 1960s music historian Andrew Sandoval noted, in The Hollywood Reporter, that the Monkees \"pioneered the music video format [and band member Mike Nesmith dreamed up the prototype for what would become MTV] and paved the way for every boy band that followed in their wake, from New Kids on the Block to 'N Sync to Jonas Brothers, while Davy set the stage for future teen idols David Cassidy and Justin Bieber. As pop stars go, you would be hard pressed to find a successful artist who didn't take a page from the Monkees' playbook, even generations later. Monkee money also enabled Rafelson and Schneider to finance Easy Rider and Five Easy Pieces, which made Jack Nicholson a star. In fact, the Monkees series was the opening salvo in a revolution that brought on the New Hollywood cinema, an influence rarely acknowledged but no less impactful.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.380390167236328, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Mike Nesmith", "passage": "* Mike Nesmith's individual song publishing opened the way for the Paul Butterfield Blues Band to record \"Mary, Mary\" for their groundbreaking second album, East-West, in 1966---months before the song was recorded by the Monkees for the controversial More of the Monkees second album. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.512541770935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Mike Nesmith", "passage": "* In The Simpsons episode \"Fear of Flying,\" a flashback to Marge's childhood showed that she had a Monkees lunchbox on her first day of school, only for another girl to taunt her about her love for the band by telling her they did not play their own instruments or write their own songs—and claim that Mike Nesmith's hat was not his own. In the present, Marge notes that the girl was right, however her psychiatrist assures her by saying, \"The Monkees weren't about music, Marge. They were about rebellion, about political and social upheaval!\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.995071411132812, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Monkees" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Graham was born Bette Clair McMurray in Dallas, Texas to Jesse McMurray, an automotive supply company manager, and Christine Duval. She was raised in San Antonio and graduated from Alamo Heights High School. She married Warren Audrey Nesmith (1919–1984) before he left to fight in World War II. While he was overseas she had a child (Robert Michael Nesmith, born December 30, 1942). After Warren Nesmith returned home, they divorced (1946).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.102755546569824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bette Nesmith Graham" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "In 1956, Bette Nesmith Graham started the Mistake Out Company (later renamed Liquid Paper) from her North Dallas home. She turned her kitchen into a laboratory, mixing up an improved product with her electric mixer. Graham’s son, Michael Nesmith (later of The Monkees fame), and his friends filled bottles for her customers. Nevertheless, she made little money despite working nights and weekends to fill orders. One day an opportunity came in disguise. Graham made a mistake at work that she couldn’t correct, and her boss fired her. She now had time to devote to selling Liquid Paper, and business boomed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.553130626678467, "source": "search", "title": "Bette Nesmith Graham Invented Liquid Paper" }, { "answer": "Mike Nesmith", "passage": "Monkee Mike Nesmith and Liquid Paper : snopes.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.313813209533691, "source": "search", "title": "Monkee Mike Nesmith and Liquid Paper : snopes.com" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "    Massingill, Randi L.   Total Control: The Michael Nesmith Story.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.328536033630371, "source": "search", "title": "Monkee Mike Nesmith and Liquid Paper : snopes.com" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Bette Claire Graham (23 March 1924 – 12 May 1980) was an American typist, commercial artist, the inventor of Liquid Paper , and mother of musician and producer Michael Nesmith . [1]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.942794799804688, "source": "search", "title": "The Monkees and the inventor of “liquid paper” | The Daily ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "In the history of rock and roll, you’d be hard-pressed to find a more varied, if not downright bizarre, career than that of wool cap-clad Monkee Michael Nesmith. Though best known for his time with the wildly successful made-for-TV group in the 1960s, which he auditioned for on a whim with dirty laundry in tow, Nesmith went on to forge his own interesting legacy in the music business. As he’s about to embark on his first U.S. solo tour in more than 20 years, we took a closer look at the man, the myth, the Monkee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.469073295593262, "source": "search", "title": "Monkee business and beyond | VC Reporter | Southland ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Nesmith turned 70 years old at the end of last year, and at a time when most artists are winding down their careers, at least when it comes to touring, Nesmith is ramping things up. He’s doing a run of spring dates that will bring him to Ventura County, and he’s promising to play songs mainly from his solo career. You can’t help but think a Monkees tune or two will be thrown in. Then again, it’s not safe to assume anything. If there’s one thing you can count on when it comes to Michael Nesmith, echoing “Different Drum,” the classic song he wrote that was made famous by Linda Ronstadt, he will travel to the beat of a different drum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.912378311157227, "source": "search", "title": "Monkee business and beyond | VC Reporter | Southland ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Michael Nesmith performs Sunday, March 24, at The Canyon, 28912 Roadside Drive, Agoura Hills. For more information, visit www.canyonclub.net.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.524344444274902, "source": "search", "title": "Monkee business and beyond | VC Reporter | Southland ..." }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Michael Nesmith | Motor City Comic Con", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.541264533996582, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Nesmith | Motor City Comic Con" }, { "answer": "Michael Nesmith", "passage": "Michael Nesmith is an American musician, songwriter, actor, producer, novelist, businessman, and philanthropist, best known as a member of the pop rock band The Monkees and co-star of the highly successful TV series “The Monkees” (1966–1968). Nesmith’s songwriting credits include “Different Drum” (sung by Linda Ronstadt and the Stone Poneys). Nesmith wrote these songs for The Monkees…”Mary Mary”, The Girl I Knew Somewhere,” “Listen to the Band”, “Papa Genes Blues”, “You just May Be The One”, “You Told Me”, “Daily Nightly”, “Sunny Girlfriend”, “Tapioca Tundra”, “Carlisle Wheeling” and “Circle Sky”. In 1981, Nesmith won the first Grammy Award given for Video of the Year for his hour-long television show, “Elephant Parts”. He was also an executive producer of the cult film “Repo Man” (1984). In 1989, Nesmith, Dolenz, Tork and Jones received a Hollywood Walk of Fame Star.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.592962265014648, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Nesmith | Motor City Comic Con" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jump Jet", "passage": "The Hawker Siddeley Harrier, developed in the 1960s, was the first of the Harrier Jump Jet series of aircraft. It was the first operational close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) capabilities and the only truly successful V/STOL design of the many that arose in that era. The Harrier was developed directly from the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel prototype aircraft, following the cancellation of a more advanced supersonic aircraft, the Hawker Siddeley P.1154. The British Royal Air Force (RAF) ordered the Harrier GR.1 and GR.3 variants in the late 1960s. It was exported to the United States as the AV-8A, for use by the US Marine Corps (USMC), in the 1970s.", "precise_score": 7.430817604064941, "rough_score": 7.341585159301758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier's design was derived from the Hawker P.1127. Prior to developing the P.1127 Hawker Aircraft had been working on a replacement for the Hawker Hunter, the Hawker P.1121. The P.1121 was cancelled after the release of the British Government's 1957 Defence White Paper, which advocated a policy shift away from manned aircraft and towards missiles. This policy resulted in the termination of the majority of aircraft development projects then underway for the British military.Jefford 2006, p. 11. Hawker sought to quickly move on to a new project and became interested in Vertical Take Off/Landing (VTOL) aircraft, which did not need runways. According to Air Chief Marshal Sir Patrick Hine this interest may have been stimulated by the presence of Air Staff Requirement 345, which sought a V/STOL ground attack fighter for the Royal Air Force.Jefford 2006, pp. 11–12.", "precise_score": 3.7210772037506104, "rough_score": 4.504698276519775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier's VTOL abilities allowed it to be deployed from very small prepared clearings or helipads as well as normal airfields. It was believed that, in a high-intensity conflict, air bases would be vulnerable and likely to be quickly knocked out. The capability to scatter Harrier squadrons to dozens of small \"alert pads\" on the front lines was highly prized by military strategists and the USMC procured the aircraft because of this ability. Hawker Siddeley noted that STOL operation provided additional benefits over VTOL operation, saving fuel and allowing the aircraft to carry more ordnance.Brown 1970, p. 83.", "precise_score": 0.42328914999961853, "rough_score": 4.955409049987793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "Jump Jet", "passage": "The Hawker Siddeley Harrier, known colloquially as the \"Harrier Jump Jet\", was developed in the 1960s and formed the first generation of the Harrier series of aircraft . It was the first operational close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) capabilities and the only truly successful V/STOL design of the many that arose in that era. The Harrier was produced directly from the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel prototypes following the cancellation of a more advanced supersonic aircraft, the Hawker Siddeley P.1154 . The British Royal Air Force (RAF) ordered the Harrier GR.1 and GR.3 variants in the late 1960s. It was exported to the United States as the AV-8A, for use by the US Marine Corps (USMC), in the 1970s.", "precise_score": 7.588142395019531, "rough_score": 7.538290023803711, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier's design was derived from the Hawker P.1127 . Prior to developing the P.1127 Hawker Aircraft had been working on a replacement for the Hawker Hunter , the Hawker P.1121 . [2] The P.1121 was cancelled after the release of the British Government's 1957 Defence White Paper , which advocated a policy shift away from manned aircraft and towards missiles. This policy resulted in the termination of the majority of aircraft development projects then underway for the British military. [3] Hawker sought to quickly move on to a new project and became interested in Vertical Take Off/Landing (VTOL) aircraft, which did not need runways. [N 1] According to Air Chief Marshal Sir Patrick Hine this interest may have been stimulated by the presence of Air Staff Requirement 345, which sought a V/STOL ground attack fighter for the Royal Air Force. [5]", "precise_score": 3.3444278240203857, "rough_score": 4.304005146026611, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier's VTOL abilities allowed it to be deployed from very small prepared clearings or helipads as well as normal airfields. [N 5] It was believed that, in a high-intensity conflict, air bases would be vulnerable and likely to be quickly knocked out. [N 6] The capability to scatter Harrier squadrons to dozens of small \"alert pads\" on the front lines was highly prized by military strategists and the USMC procured the aircraft because of this ability. [47] [N 7] Hawker Siddeley noted that STOL operation provided additional benefits over VTOL operation, saving fuel and allowing the aircraft to carry more ordnance. [49]", "precise_score": -0.4061516523361206, "rough_score": 4.097238540649414, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Jump Jet", "passage": "The Hawker Siddeley Harrier, known colloquially as the \"Harrier Jump Jet\", was developed in the 1960s and formed the first generation of the Harrier series of aircraft. It was the first operational close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) capabilities and the only truly successful V/STOL design of the many that arose in that era. The Harrier was produced directly from the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel prototypes following the cancellation of a more advanced supersonic aircraft, the Hawker Siddeley P.1154. The British Royal Air Force (RAF) ordered the Harrier GR.1 and GR.3 variants in the late 1960s. It was exported to the United States as the AV-8A, for use by the US Marine Corps (USMC), in the 1970s.", "precise_score": 7.588142395019531, "rough_score": 7.538290023803711, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "Jump Jet", "passage": "With powered lift, the aircraft directs its engine thrust vertically downward. V/STOL aircraft, such as the Harrier Jump Jet and F-35B take off and land vertically using powered lift and transfer to aerodynamic lift in steady flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5788443088531494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aircraft" }, { "answer": "Vertical Takeoff and Landing", "passage": "*Powered lift types rely on engine-derived lift for vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL). Most types transition to fixed-wing lift for horizontal flight. Classes of powered lift types include VTOL jet aircraft (such as the Harrier jump-jet) and tiltrotors (such as the V-22 Osprey), among others. A few experimental designs rely entirely on engine thrust to provide lift throughout the whole flight, including personal fan-lift hover platforms and jetpacks. VTOL research designs include the flying Bedstead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.863841533660889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aircraft" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier has been described by pilots as \"unforgiving\". The aircraft is capable of both forward flight (where it behaves in the manner of a typical fixed-wing aircraft above its stall speed), as well as VTOL and STOL manoeuvres (where the traditional lift and control surfaces are useless) requiring skills and technical knowledge usually associated with helicopters. Most services demand great aptitude and extensive training for Harrier pilots, as well as experience in piloting both types of aircraft. Trainee pilots are often drawn from highly experienced and skilled helicopter pilots.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.11592890322208405, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier has two control elements not found in conventional fixed-wing aircraft: the thrust vector and the reaction control system. The thrust vector refers to the slant of the four engine nozzles and can be set between 0° (horizontal, pointing directly backwards) and 98° (pointing down and slightly forwards). The 90° vector is normally deployed for VTOL manoeuvring. The reaction control is achieved by manipulating the control stick and is similar in action to the cyclic control of a helicopter. While irrelevant during forward flight mode, these controls are essential during VTOL and STOL manoeuvres.Jefford 2006, p. 36.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.470578193664551, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The wind direction is a critical factor in VTOL manoeuvres. The procedure for vertical takeoff involves facing the aircraft into the wind. The thrust vector is set to 90° and the throttle is brought up to maximum, at which point the aircraft leaves the ground. The throttle is trimmed until a hover state is achieved at the desired altitude. The short-takeoff procedure involves proceeding with normal takeoff and then applying a thrust vector (less than 90°) at a runway speed below normal takeoff speed; usually the point of application is around 65 kn. For lower takeoff speeds the thrust vector is greater. The reaction control system involves a thrusters at key points in the aircraft's fuselage and nose, also the wingtips. Thrust from the engine can be temporarily syphoned to control and correct the aircraft's pitch and roll during vertical flight. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.196704864501953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "All RAF GR.1s and the initial AV-8As were fitted with the Ferranti FE541 inertial navigation/attack suite, but these were replaced in the USMC Harriers by a simpler Interface/Weapon Aiming Computer to aid quick turnaround between missions. The Martin-Baker ejection seats were also replaced by the Stencel SEU-3A in the American aircraft. The RAF had their GR.1 aircraft upgraded to the GR.3 standard, which featured improved sensors, a nose-mounted laser tracker, the integration of electronic countermeasure (ECM) systems and a further upgraded Pegasus Mk 103. The USMC upgraded their AV-8As to the AV-8C configuration; this programme involved the installation of ECM equipment and adding a new inertial navigation system to the aircraft's avionics. Substantial changes were the Lift Improvement Devices, to increase VTOL performance; at the same time several airframe components were restored or replaced to extend the life of the aircraft. Spain's Harriers, designated AV-8S or VA.1 Matador for the single-seater and TAV-8S or VAE.1 for the two-seater, were almost identical to USMC Harriers differing only in the radios fitted. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9515609741210938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "Starting in 1979 the USMC began upgrading their AV-8As to the AV-8C configuration—the work focused mainly on extending useful service lives and improving VTOL performance.Nordeen 2006, p. 35. The AV-8C and the remaining AV-8A Harriers were retired by 1987. These were replaced by the Harrier II, designated as the AV-8B, which was introduced into service in 1985.Nordeen 2006, pp. 36, 61. The performance of the Harrier in USMC service led to calls for the United States Air Force to procure Harrier IIs in addition to the USMC's own plans,Bingham, Price T. [http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1985/jan-feb/bingham.html \"Improving Force Flexibility Through V/STOL\".] Air University Review, January–February 1985. Retrieved 31 July 2011. but these never resulted in Air Force orders. Since the late 1990s, the AV-8B has been slated to be replaced by the F-35B variant of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, a more modern V/STOL jet aircraft. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.358447551727295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": ";Mk.52 G-VTOL", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.480693817138672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier has been described by pilots as \"unforgiving\". [58] The aircraft is capable of both forward flight (where it behaves in the manner of a typical fixed-wing aircraft above its stall speed), as well as VTOL and STOL manoeuvres (where the traditional lift and control surfaces are useless) requiring skills and technical knowledge usually associated with helicopters. Most services demand great aptitude and extensive training for Harrier pilots, as well as experience in piloting both types of aircraft. Trainee pilots are often drawn from highly experienced and skilled helicopter pilots. [N 8] [11]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1056911945343018, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier has two control elements not found in conventional fixed-wing aircraft: the thrust vector and the reaction control system . The thrust vector refers to the slant of the four engine nozzles and can be set between 0° (horizontal, pointing directly backwards) and 98° (pointing down and slightly forwards). The 90° vector is normally deployed for VTOL manoeuvring. The reaction control is achieved by manipulating the control stick and is similar in action to the cyclic control of a helicopter. While irrelevant during forward flight mode, these controls are essential during VTOL and STOL manoeuvres. [62]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.639734745025635, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The wind direction is a critical factor in VTOL manoeuvres. The procedure for vertical takeoff involves facing the aircraft into the wind. The thrust vector is set to 90° and the throttle is brought up to maximum, at which point the aircraft leaves the ground. The throttle is trimmed until a hover state is achieved at the desired altitude. [49] The short-takeoff procedure involves proceeding with normal takeoff and then applying a thrust vector (less than 90°) at a runway speed below normal takeoff speed; usually the point of application is around 65 knots (120 km/h). For lower takeoff speeds the thrust vector is greater. [59] The reaction control system involves a series of thrusters at key points in the aircraft's fuselage and nose, also the wingtips. Thrust from the engine can be temporarily syphoned to control and correct the aircraft's pitch and roll during vertical flight. [63]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.112935066223145, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "All RAF GR.1s and the initial AV-8As were fitted with the Ferranti FE541 inertial navigation/attack suite, but these were replaced in the USMC Harriers by a simpler Interface/Weapon Aiming Computer to aid quick turnaround between missions. The Martin-Baker ejection seats were also replaced by the Stencel SEU-3A in the American aircraft. [71] [72] The RAF had their GR.1 aircraft upgraded to the GR.3 standard, which featured improved sensors, a nose-mounted laser tracker, the integration of electronic countermeasure (ECM) systems and a further upgraded Pegasus Mk 103. [33] [34] The USMC upgraded their AV-8As to the AV-8C configuration; this programme involved the installation of ECM equipment and adding a new inertial navigation system to the aircraft's avionics. Substantial changes were the Lift Improvement Devices, to increase VTOL performance; at the same time several airframe components were restored or replaced to extend the life of the aircraft. [35] Spain's Harriers, designated AV-8S or VA.1 Matador for the single-seater and TAV-8S or VAE.1 for the two-seater, were almost identical to USMC Harriers differing only in the radios fitted. [73]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.6289565563201904, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "Starting in 1979 the USMC began upgrading their AV-8As to the AV-8C configuration—the work focused mainly on extending useful service lives and improving VTOL performance. [35] The AV-8C and the remaining AV-8A Harriers were retired by 1987. [118] These were replaced by the Harrier II, designated as the AV-8B, which was introduced into service in 1985. [119] The performance of the Harrier in USMC service led to calls for the United States Air Force to procure Harrier IIs in addition to the USMC's own plans, [115] but these never resulted in Air Force orders. Since the late 1990s, the AV-8B has been slated to be replaced by the F-35B variant of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II , a more modern V/STOL jet aircraft. [120]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.53513765335083, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Jump Jet", "passage": "Vann, Frank. Harrier Jump Jet. New York, USA: Bdd Promotional Book Co, 1990. ISBN 0-7924-5140-6 .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.925972938537598, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "Starting in 1979 the USMC began upgrading their AV-8As to the AV-8C configuration—the work focused mainly on extending useful service lives and improving VTOL performance. The AV-8C and the remaining AV-8A Harriers were retired by 1987. These were replaced by the Harrier II, designated as the AV-8B, which was introduced into service in 1985. The performance of the Harrier in USMC service led to calls for the United States Air Force to procure Harrier IIs in addition to the USMC's own plans, but these never resulted in Air Force orders. Since the late 1990s, the AV-8B has been slated to be replaced by the F-35B variant of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, a more modern V/STOL jet aircraft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.560001373291016, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "Moving forward with private funding, Hawker worked to combine the new Pegasus engine with a workable airframe. Supported by testing a NASA, Camm refined the design. This resulted in the company, now Hawker Siddeley, approving the construction of two prototypes in early 1959. Dubbed P.1127, the project received further support late that year when the Ministry of Supply contracted for a pair of prototypes. The first of these was completed in July 1960 and flew on its own for the first time on November 19. Utilizing the directable fan jet Pegasus, the prototypes worked to achieve vertical take offs and landings (VTOL).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.3873186111450195, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Harrier - RAF Hawker Harrier - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "While earlier attempts at VTOL aircraft had focused on rotors and direct jet thrust, the Harrier's Pegasus engine took a different route which utilized vectored thrust. Using four rotating engine nozzles, two on each side of the aircraft, the pilot could direct the engine's thrust. These nozzles moved from 0° (horizontal) down to 98° (vertical/slightly forward). For VTOL operations, the nozzles would be set to 90° allowing it to rise like a helicopter. At the desired altitude, the nozzles were moved to horizontal to allow for level flight. Due to the nature of the system, the aircraft could also hover.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.908879280090332, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Harrier - RAF Hawker Harrier - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "As a result of the advanced and unique engine system, Harrier pilots were required to be highly skilled in both helicopter and fixed wing flying. The former was needed to handle the VTOL component as the Harriers reaction control system for maintaining stability was similar to a helicopter's cyclic control. Though largely used in the takeoff and landing procedures, thrust vectoring could also be used in combat to make the aircraft highly agile and capable of maneuvers that could not be accomplished in a traditional fighter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.334262847900391, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Harrier - RAF Hawker Harrier - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Jump Jet", "passage": "These aircraft, like Hawker Hurricane and Harrier Jump Jet include images when available.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.053256034851074, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker-Siddeley Airplanes | List of All Hawker-Siddeley ..." }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "While the Harrier is one of the most flexible aircraft ever made, the necessary understanding and skill to pilot it are considerable. In addition to being able to fly the Harrier in forward flight (above stall speed when it behaves in the manner of a typical fixed-wing aircraft), it is necessary to maintain control during VTOL and STOL manoeuvres when the lift and control surfaces don't work. This requires skills and understanding more associated with helicopters. Most services demand great aptitude and extensive training, with experience of piloting both types of aircraft. Many recruit trainee pilots from the most experienced and skilled helicopter pilots in their organisations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.1795262098312378, "source": "search", "title": "Harrier, Hawker-Siddeley - FIGHTER PLANES" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The Harrier has two control elements that a fixed wing aircraft does not normally have. These are the thrust vector and reaction control. The thrust vector is the angle of the four engine nozzles and can be set between zero degrees (horizontal, pointing straight back) and 98 degrees (pointing slightly forwards). The 90 degree position is generally used for VTOL manoeuvring. Thrust vector is adjusted by a control similar to and beside the thrust lever. The reaction control is achieved by manipulating the control stick and is similar in action to the cyclic control of a helicopter. While irrelevant during forward flight mode, these controls are critical during VTOL and STOL, and are used together during these manoeuvres. Wind direction and the orientation of the aircraft to this is also critically-important during VTOL manoeuvres (in this sense operation is limited compared with a helicopter, which can take off and land in side winds). The Harrier's landing gear configuration also complicates normal landing; it is necessary to ensure that the wing-mounted stabiliser struts contact the runway simultaneously; bounce or skew to one side can result if this is not achieved.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5761332511901855, "source": "search", "title": "Harrier, Hawker-Siddeley - FIGHTER PLANES" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "The procedure for VTOL involves parking the aircraft facing into the wind. The aircraft is brought to a halt, throttle to idle, wheels locked. The thrust vector is set to 90 degrees and the throttle brought up to maximum. The aircraft leaves the ground rapidly. The throttle is trimmed until a hover state is achieved at the desired altitude. During the ascent and hover, the reaction control system is continuously adjusted to maintain position over the patch of ground, much as it is with a helicopter. The aircraft has to face into the wind when taking off in this way. A side wind causes the aircraft to pitch away from the lee side. This would alter the thrust vector away from vertical and cause the aircraft to slew sideways. This is hard to control and dangerous. In severe cases the aircraft can settle with power while moving to the side. While taking off in windy conditions is always more difficult when within ground effect, it is easier to maintain heading away from the ground effect as the tailplane tends to stabilise the heading into the wind. At hover, the thrust vector is slowly returned to horizontal while the altitude and angle of attack is maintained in a specified range. At or shortly after normal take off speed, the thrust vector is set to horizontal and thrust is usually trimmed back to control acceleration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.465285301208496, "source": "search", "title": "Harrier, Hawker-Siddeley - FIGHTER PLANES" }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "In forward flight, the harrier is at an advantage compared with fixed wing aircraft in that in the event of stalling, recovery is possible by quickly adjusting the thrust vector and throttle. For STOL and VTOL landing, it is necessary to drop below the normal stall speed and apply this method (against all the instincts of the trained fixed wing pilot). The thrust vector control allows for the engine nozzles to be adjusted to a maximum stop of 98 degrees. This facilitates backward motion as needed but is not normally applied during VTOL as the heading into the wind tends to require some forward thrust via attitude control to maintain a fixed hovering position.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.49485445022583, "source": "search", "title": "Harrier, Hawker-Siddeley - FIGHTER PLANES" }, { "answer": "Vertical Take-Off and Landing", "passage": "During the last century the British aircraft industry created and produced many outstanding airplanes. These aircraft were world leaders in advanced technology, utilizing inventions by British engineers and scientists such as radar, the jet engine, the ejector seat and vertical take-off and landing. This book describes the design-history, development and operational careers of twenty-two legendary military and civil airplanes. Each one has played a significant part in aviation history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.267765998840332, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier references, articles and ..." }, { "answer": "Vertical Take-Off and Landing", "passage": "The Gloster Meteor became the word’s first operational jet fighter and the English Electric Canberra became the RAF’s first jet bomber and was manufactured under license in the USA as the Martin B-57. In post-war years the Vickers Viscount became the world’s first turboprop airliner and eventually became Britain’s best selling commercial aircraft, whilst the de Havilland Comet became the world’s first jet airliner. Despite Britain’s recessionary years in the 50s and early 60s, military success came with the beautiful Hawker Hunter, the super-sonic Fairey Delta experimental aircraft that broke the World Air Speed Record and the Vickers Valiant that pioneered the operational techniques to deliver Britain’s nuclear deterrent. Later, there followed the Mach 2 English Electric Lightning and the ill-fated TSR-2, the cancellation of which is still regarded as one of the greatest mistakes ever made in British aviation history. Finally, the Harrier, the world’s first vertical take-off and landing jet fighter that is still in service and now only being built in the USA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.181087017059326, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier references, articles and ..." }, { "answer": "Vertical Take-Off and Landing", "passage": "Finally the Harrier, the world’s first vertical take-off and landing jet fighter, still in service and now being further developed in the USA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.305928707122803, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley Harrier references, articles and ..." }, { "answer": "VTOL", "passage": "During the 1960’s the company developed one of their most famous aircraft, the HS Harrier which went on to become the first operational VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) jet aircraft. Manufactured in Kingston on the banks of the River Thames with assembly at Dunsfold, the Harrier led the way in the development of vectored thrust technology, much of which will be used in the aircraft of the 21st century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6240307092666626, "source": "search", "title": "Hawker Siddeley | BAE Systems | United States" } ]

[ { "answer": "People's car", "passage": "Despite heavy lobbying in favour of one of the existing projects, it soon became apparent that private industry could not turn out a car for only 990RM. Thus, Hitler chose to sponsor an all-new, state-owned factory using Ferdinand Porsche's design (with some of Hitler's design constraints, including an air-cooled engine so nothing could freeze). The intention was that ordinary Germans would buy the car by means of a savings scheme (\"\" – \"Five marks a week you must put aside, if you want to drive your own car\"), which around 336,000 people eventually paid into. However, the entire project was financially unsound, and only the corruption and lack of accountability of the Nazi regime made it possible. Tooze notes: \"Even if the war had not intervened, developments up to 1939 made clear that the entire conception of the 'people's car' was a disastrous flop.\" Tooze (2006) p.156).", "precise_score": -8.950550079345703, "rough_score": -6.360039710998535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Volkswagen" }, { "answer": "People's car", "passage": "1932–1938: People's Car project", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16988754272461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Volkswagen" }, { "answer": "People's car", "passage": "In 1932, with many of the above projects still in development or early stages of production, Adolf Hitler got involved, ordering the production of a basic vehicle capable of transporting two adults and three children at 100 km/h. He wanted his German citizens to have the same access to a car as the Americans. The \"People's Car\" would be available to citizens of the Third Reich through a savings plan at 990 Reichsmark ($396 in 1930s U.S. dollars)—about the price of a small motorcycle (the average income being around 32RM a week). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.606334686279297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Volkswagen" } ]

[ { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) includes the trans-Alaska crude-oil pipeline, 12 pump stations, several hundred miles of feeder pipelines, and the Valdez Marine Terminal. TAPS is one of the world's largest pipeline systems. It is commonly called the Alaska pipeline, trans-Alaska pipeline, or Alyeska pipeline, (or the pipeline as referred to in Alaska), but those terms technically apply only to the 800 mi of the pipeline with the diameter of 48 inches (122 cm) that conveys oil from Prudhoe Bay, to Valdez, Alaska. The crude oil pipeline is privately owned by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company.", "precise_score": 1.9131709337234497, "rough_score": 4.510247707366943, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The problem soon became how to develop the oil field and ship product to U.S. markets. Pipeline systems represent a high initial cost but lower operating costs, but no pipeline of the length needed had yet been constructed. Several other solutions were offered. Boeing proposed a series of gigantic 12-engine tanker aircraft to transport oil from the field, the Boeing RC-1. General Dynamics proposed a line of tanker submarines for travel beneath the Arctic ice cap, and another group proposed extending the Alaska Railroad to Prudhoe Bay. Ice breaking oil tankers were proposed to transport the oil directly from Prudhoe Bay. ", "precise_score": -5.10408878326416, "rough_score": -4.366940498352051, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "In February 1969, before the SS Manhattan had even sailed from its East Coast starting point, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), an unincorporated joint group created by ARCO, British Petroleum, and Humble Oil in October 1968, asked for permission from the United States Department of the Interior to begin geological and engineering studies of a proposed oil pipeline route from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez, across Alaska. Even before the first feasibility studies began, the oil companies had chosen the approximate route of the pipeline. Permission was given, and teams of engineers began drilling core samples and surveying in Alaska.", "precise_score": -2.514019727706909, "rough_score": -0.10873441398143768, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Alyeska and the oil companies fought objections to the pipeline's construction in both the courts and in Congress, where debates about the pipeline's environmental impact statement continued through 1971. Objections about the caribou herds were countered by observations of Davidson Ditch, a water pipeline with the same diameter of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, which caribou were able to jump over. To those who argued that the pipeline would irrevocably alter Alaska wilderness, proponents pointed to the overgrown remnants of the Fairbanks Gold Rush, most of which had been erased 70 years later. Some pipeline opponents were satisfied by Alyeska's preliminary design, which incorporated underground and raised crossings for caribou and other big game, gravel and styrofoam insulation to prevent permafrost melting, automatic leak detection and shutoff, and other techniques. Other opponents, including fishermen who feared tanker leaks south of Valdez, maintained their disagreement with the plan. ", "precise_score": -6.73524284362793, "rough_score": -3.1391820907592773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "With the appeals court having decided that the Minerals Leasing Act did not cover the pipeline's requirements, Alyeska and the oil companies began lobbying Congress to either amend the act or create a new law that would permit a larger right-of-way. The Senate Interior Committee began the first hearings on a series of bills to that effect on March 9, 1973. Environmental opposition switched from contesting the pipeline on NEPA grounds to fighting an amendment to the leasing act or a new bill. By the spring and summer of 1973, these opposition groups attempted to persuade Congress to endorse a Trans-Canada oil pipeline or a railroad. They believed the \"leave it in the ground\" argument was doomed to fail, and the best way to oppose the pipeline would be to propose an ineffective alternative which could be easily defeated. The problem with this approach was that any such alternative would cover more ground and be more damaging environmentally than the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. ", "precise_score": -8.760689735412598, "rough_score": -5.228081703186035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Nixon supported the pipeline project even before the oil crisis. On September 10, 1973, he released a message stating that the pipeline was his priority for the remainder of the Congressional session that year. On November 8, after the embargo had been in place for three weeks, he reaffirmed that statement. Members of Congress, under pressure from their constituents, created the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act, which removed all legal barriers from construction of the pipeline, provided financial incentives, and granted a right-of-way for its construction. The act was drafted, rushed through committee, and approved by the House on November 12, 1973, by a vote of 361–14–60. The next day, the Senate passed it, 80–5–15. Nixon signed it into law on November 16, and a federal right-of-way for the pipeline and transportation highway was granted on January 3, 1974. The deal was signed by the oil companies on January 23, allowing work to start. ", "precise_score": -7.813782691955566, "rough_score": -5.319243907928467, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System and its completion in 1977 had an immense effect on Alaska, the United States, and the rest of the world. Its impact has included economic, physical, and social repercussions running the gamut from life in small towns to the global oil market.", "precise_score": -1.4725242853164673, "rough_score": -2.877993583679199, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Since the completion of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System in 1977, the government of the state of Alaska has been reliant on taxes paid by oil producers and shippers. Prior to 1976, Alaska's personal income tax rate was 14.5 percent—the highest in the United States. The gross state product was $8 billion, and Alaskans earned $5 billion in personal income. Thirty years after the pipeline began operating, the state had no personal income tax, the gross state product was $39 billion, and Alaskans earned $25 billion in personal income. Alaska moved from the most heavily taxed state to the most tax-free state. ", "precise_score": -6.090275287628174, "rough_score": -5.067211627960205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The difference was the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System and the taxes and revenue it brought to Alaska. Alyeska and the oil companies injected billions of dollars into the Alaska economy during the construction effort and the years afterward. In addition, the taxes paid by those companies altered the tax structure of the state. By 1982, five years after the pipeline started transporting oil, 86.5 percent of Alaska revenue came directly from the petroleum industry. ", "precise_score": -2.347120761871338, "rough_score": -1.9593956470489502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Although the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System began pumping oil in 1977, it did not have a major immediate impact on global oil prices. This is partly because it took several years to reach full production and partly because U.S. production outside Alaska declined until the mid-1980s. The Iranian Revolution and OPEC price increases triggered the 1979 energy crisis despite TAPS production increases. Oil prices remained high until the late 1980s, when a stable international situation, the removal of price controls, and the peak of production at Prudhoe Bay contributed to the 1980s oil glut. In 1988, TAPS was delivering 25 percent of all U.S. oil production. As North Slope oil production declined, so did TAPS' share of U.S. production. Today, TAPS provides less than 17 percent of U.S. oil production. ", "precise_score": -3.580249309539795, "rough_score": -4.103244781494141, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The pipeline has also inspired various forms of artwork. The most notable form of art unique to the pipeline are pipeline maps—portions of scrap pipe cut into the shape of Alaska with a piece of metal delineating the path of the pipeline through the map. Pipeline maps were frequently created by welders working on the pipeline, and the maps were frequently sold to tourists or given away as gifts. Other pipeline-inspired pieces of art include objects containing crude oil that has been transported through the pipeline. ", "precise_score": -8.965859413146973, "rough_score": -6.2281389236450195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Oil going into the Trans-Alaska Pipeline comes from one of several oil fields on Alaska's North Slope. The Prudhoe Bay Oil Field, the one most commonly associated with the pipeline, contributes oil, as do the Kuparuk, Alpine, Endicott, and Liberty oil fields, among others. Oil emerges from the ground at approximately 120 F and cools to 111 F by the time it reaches Pump Station 1 through feeder pipelines that stretch across the North Slope. North Slope crude oil has a specific gravity of 29.9 API at 60 F. In 2008, the pipeline carried approximately 700 koilbbl/d, less than its theoretical maximum capacity of or its actual maximum of in 1988. From Pump Station 1 it takes an average of 11.9 days for oil to travel the entire length of the pipeline to Valdez, a speed of .", "precise_score": -3.301145076751709, "rough_score": -3.2758545875549316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The minimum flow through the pipeline is not as clearly defined as its maximum. Operating at lower flows will extend the life of the pipeline as well as increasing profit for its owners. The 2012 flow of 600,000 bbd is significantly less than what the pipeline was designed for. Low flowrates require that the oil move slower through the line, meaning that its temperature drops more than in high-flow situations. A freeze in the line would block a pig in the line, which would force a shutdown and repairs. A 2011 engineering report by Alyeska stated that, to avoid freezing, heaters would need to be installed at several pump stations. This report noted that these improvements could bring flow as low as 350,000 bbd, but it did not attempt to determine the absolute minimum. Other studies have suggested that the minimum is 70,000 100,000 bbd with the current pipeline. Alyeska could also replace the 48\" pipeline from Prudhoe Bay to Fairbanks with a 20\" pipeline and use rail the rest of the way, which would allow as little as 45,000 bbd.", "precise_score": -8.905213356018066, "rough_score": -5.631192207336426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "At the end of the pipeline is the Valdez Marine Terminal, which can store of oil. Eighteen storage tanks provide this capacity. They are tall and 250 ft in diameter. They average 85% full at any given time—. Three power plants at the terminal generate 12.5 megawatts each. Four tanker berths are available for mooring ships in addition to two loading berths, where oil pumping takes place. More than 19,000 tankers have been filled by the marine terminal since 1977. ", "precise_score": -8.015685081481934, "rough_score": -4.562856674194336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Petro", "passage": "Pipeline transport sends goods through a pipe; most commonly liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes can also send solid capsules using compressed air. For liquids/gases, any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, water and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.", "precise_score": 0.1873691827058792, "rough_score": 1.3047609329223633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transport" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System was designed and constructed to move oil from the North Slope of Alaska to the northern most ice- free port- Valdez, Alaska.", "precise_score": 0.41162988543510437, "rough_score": 0.3444107174873352, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Safely transporting oil and natural gas by pipeline & tanker to bring Alaska's resources to market. GO", "precise_score": -5.315274238586426, "rough_score": -6.3050055503845215, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) | ConocoPhillips Alaska" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) was the world’s largest privately funded construction project when it was built, at a cost of $8 billion. The system includes the 800-mile-long pipeline, which runs from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez, and the Valdez Marine Terminal, where oil is loaded onto tankers for shipment to market.", "precise_score": 1.2757941484451294, "rough_score": 3.633498191833496, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) | ConocoPhillips Alaska" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The pipeline has become an engineering icon and has set a standard for design which endures to this day. Its distinctive zig-zags allow the pipe to flex in the event of an earthquake. More than half the pipeline runs above ground so that the hot oil does not melt the permafrost that is prevalent along the route. In those areas, the pipeline is elevated on 78,000 refrigerated vertical support members. Construction of the pipeline project began in April, 1974 and finished in June, 1977. A total of 70,000 people were involved in building the line.", "precise_score": -6.900648593902588, "rough_score": -6.378365516662598, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) | ConocoPhillips Alaska" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The story of the Alaska Pipeline begins in 1968 when ARCO announced the discovery of an oil field in Prudhoe Bay in northern Alaska. This proved to be North America’s largest oil field, more bountiful than even any field in Texas. Early estimates indicated that Prudhoe Bay contained 10 billion barrels of oil, [9] although today we know the bay actually held closer to 25 billion barrels. [10] Engineers from leading energy companies worked to determine the best means to transport this oil bonanza from the North Slope for distribution to the lower 48 states. By February 1969, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System announced plans to construct an 800-mile pipeline stretching from Prudhoe Bay in the Arctic Circle to Valdez on Alaska’s south coast.", "precise_score": -2.3551645278930664, "rough_score": -3.4282734394073486, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "[F]ull scale construction and operation of the Trans-Alaska pipeline and appurtenant facilities pursuant to the permits will cause serious, permanent, and irreparable damage to the area traversed…. Erosion in certain areas along the route can potentially unstabilize large areas of soil and result in the situation of adjacent drainages destroying fish breeding habitat. [28]", "precise_score": -5.102143287658691, "rough_score": -4.860330104827881, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The pipeline has transported nearly 17 billion barrels of oil over the past 37 years. Today, TAPS transports more than 500,000 barrels of oil per day. Although the volume continues to decline gradually from the peak of 2.1 million barrels per day, the original estimate of 10 billion barrels of total production was exceeded in 1994. Every barrel flowing through the TAPS is another barrel of economic benefit exceeding expectations.", "precise_score": -1.6615341901779175, "rough_score": -3.701688289642334, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Petro", "passage": "There are two general types of energy pipelines – liquid petroleum pipelines and natural gas pipelines.", "precise_score": -7.863545894622803, "rough_score": -5.957474708557129, "source": "search", "title": "Pipeline101 - How-Do-Pipelines-Work" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The larger cross-country crude oil transmission pipelines or trunk lines bring crude oil from producing areas to refineries. There are approximately 72,000 miles of crude oil system lines (usually 8 to 24 inches in diameter) in the United States that connect regional markets. There are also a few VERY large trunk lines. One of the largest in the U.S. is the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, which is 48 inches in diameter.", "precise_score": -0.9487724900245667, "rough_score": -0.3386496305465698, "source": "search", "title": "Pipeline101 - How-Do-Pipelines-Work" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The next group of liquid petroleum pipelines is one that carries refined petroleum products – gasoline, jet fuel, home heating oil and diesel fuel. These refined product pipelines vary in size from relatively small, 8 to 12 inch diameter lines, to much larger ones that go up to 42 inches in diameter. There are approximately 63,000 miles of refined products pipelines nationwide. They are found in almost every state in the U.S. These pipelines deliver petroleum products to large fuel terminals with storage tanks that are then loaded into tanker trucks. Trucks cover the last few miles to make local deliveries to gas stations and homes. Major industries, airports and electrical power generation plants are supplied directly by pipeline.", "precise_score": -4.42687463760376, "rough_score": -3.8207156658172607, "source": "search", "title": "Pipeline101 - How-Do-Pipelines-Work" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The natural gas pipeline system is organized somewhat differently. Natural gas, unlike oil, is delivered directly to homes and businesses through pipelines.", "precise_score": -6.288367748260498, "rough_score": -2.2249374389648438, "source": "search", "title": "Pipeline101 - How-Do-Pipelines-Work" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The pipeline was built between 1974 and 1977 after the 1973 oil crisis caused a sharp rise in oil prices in the United States. This rise made exploration of the Prudhoe Bay oil field economically feasible. Environmental, legal, and political debates followed the discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay in 1968, and the pipeline was built only after the oil crisis provoked the passage of legislation designed to remove legal challenges to the project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.082601547241211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The first barrel of oil traveled through the pipeline in 1977, and full-scale production began by the end of the year. Several notable incidents of oil leakage have occurred since, including those caused by sabotage, maintenance failures, and bullet holes. As of 2010, the pipeline has shipped almost 16 Goilbbl of oil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.439945220947266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Iñupiat people on the North Slope of Alaska had mined oil-saturated peat for possibly thousands of years, using it as fuel for heat and light. Whalers who stayed at Point Barrow saw the substance the Iñupiat called pitch and recognized it as petroleum. Charles Brower, a whaler who settled at Barrow and operated trading posts along the arctic coast, directed geologist Alfred Hulse Brooks to oil seepages at Cape Simpson and Fish Creek in the far north of Alaska, east of the village of Barrow. Brooks' report confirmed the observations of Thomas Simpson, an officer of the Hudson's Bay Company who first observed the seepages in 1836. Similar seepages were found at the Canning River in 1919 by Ernest de Koven Leffingwell. Following the First World War, as the United States Navy converted its ships from coal to fuel oil, the importance of securing a stable supply of oil became important to the U.S. government. Accordingly, President Warren G. Harding established by executive order a series of Naval Petroleum Reserves (NPR-1 through -4) across the United States. These reserves were areas thought to be rich in oil and set aside for future drilling by the U.S. Navy. Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 was sited in Alaska's far north, just south of Barrow, and encompassed 23000000 acre. Other Naval Petroleum Reserves were embroiled in controversy over government corruption in the Teapot Dome Scandal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19055461883545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Petro", "passage": "The first explorations of NPR-4 were undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1923 to 1925 and focused on mapping, identifying and characterizing coal resources in the western portion of the reserve and petroleum exploration in the eastern and northern portions of the reserve. These surveys were primarily pedestrian in nature; no drilling or remote sensing techniques were available at the time. These surveys named many of the geographic features of the areas explored, including the Philip Smith Mountains and quadrangle. These efforts are summarized in. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.117511749267578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The petroleum reserve lay dormant until the Second World War provided an impetus to explore new oil prospects. The first renewed efforts to identify strategic oil assets were a two pronged survey using bush aircraft, local Inupiat guides, and personnel from multiple agencies to locate reported seeps. Ebbley and Joesting reported on these initial forays in 1943 Starting in 1944, the U.S. Navy funded oil exploration near Umiat Mountain, on the Colville River in the foothills of the Brooks Range. Surveyors from the U.S. Geological Survey spread across the petroleum reserve and worked to determine its extent until 1953, when the Navy suspended funding for the project. The USGS found several oil fields, most notably the Alpine and Umiat Oil Field, but none were cost-effective to develop. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265461921691895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Four years after the Navy suspended its survey, Richfield Oil Corporation (later Atlantic Richfield and ARCO) drilled an enormously successful oil well near the Swanson River in southern Alaska, near Kenai. The resulting Swanson River Oil Field was Alaska's first major commercially producing oil field, and it spurred the exploration and development of many others. By 1965, five oil and 11 natural gas fields had been developed. This success and the previous Navy exploration of its petroleum reserve led petroleum engineers to the conclusion that the area of Alaska north of the Brooks Range surely held large amounts of oil and gas. The problems came from the area's remoteness and harsh climate. It was estimated that between 200000000 oilbbl and 500000000 oilbbl of oil would have to be recovered to make a North Slope oil field commercially viable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41519546508789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "In 1967, Atlantic Richfield (ARCO) began detailed survey work in the Prudhoe Bay area. By January 1968, reports began circulating that natural gas had been discovered by a discovery well. On March 12, 1968, an Atlantic Richfield drilling crew hit paydirt. A discovery well began flowing at the rate of 1152 oilbbl of oil per day. On June 25, ARCO announced that a second discovery well likewise was producing oil at a similar rate. Together, the two wells confirmed the existence of the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field. The new field contained more than 25 Goilbbl of oil, making it the largest in North America and the 18th largest in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386951446533203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "In 1969, Humble Oil and Refining Company sent a specially fitted oil tanker, the , to test the feasibility of transporting oil via ice-breaking tankers to market. The Manhattan was fitted with an ice-breaking bow, powerful engines, and hardened propellers before successfully traveling the Northwest Passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Beaufort Sea. During the voyage, the ship suffered damage to several of its cargo holds, which flooded with seawater. Wind-blown ice forced the Manhattan to change its intended route from the M'Clure Strait to the smaller Prince of Wales Strait. It was escorted back through the Northwest Passage by a Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker, the CCGS John A. Macdonald. Although the Manhattan successfully transited the Northwest Passage again in the summer of 1970, the concept was considered too risky. A pipeline was thus the only viable system for transporting the oil to the nearest port free of pack-ice, almost 800 miles (1,300 km) away at Valdez.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.863489151000977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Because TAPS hoped to begin laying pipe by September 1969, substantial orders were placed for steel pipeline 48 inches (122 cm) in diameter. No American company manufactured pipe of that specification, so three Japanese companies—Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Nippon Steel Corporation, and Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha—received a $100 million contract for more than 800 miles (1280 km) of pipeline. At the same time, TAPS placed a $30 million order for the first of the enormous pumps that would be needed to push the oil through the pipeline. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.970932006835938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "In June 1969, as the SS Manhattan traveled through the Northwest Passage, TAPS formally applied to the Interior Department for a permit to build an oil pipeline across 800 mi of public land—from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez. The application was for a 100-foot (30.5 m) wide right of way to build a subterranean 48-inch (122-centimeter) pipeline including 11 pumping stations. Another right of way was requested to build a construction and maintenance highway paralleling the pipeline. A document of just 20 pages contained all of the information TAPS had collected about the route up to that stage in its surveying. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.336124420166016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The Interior Department responded by sending personnel to analyze the proposed route and plan. Max Brewer, an arctic expert in charge of the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory at Barrow, concluded that the plan to bury most of the pipeline was completely unfeasible because of the abundance of permafrost along the route. In a report, Brewer said the hot oil conveyed by the pipeline would melt the underlying permafrost, causing the pipeline to fail as its support turned to mud. This report was passed along to the appropriate committees of the U.S. House and Senate, which had to approve the right-of-way proposal because it asked for more land than authorized in the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 and because it would break a development freeze imposed in 1966 by former Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.141672134399414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "After the Department of the Interior was stopped from issuing a construction permit, the unincorporated TAPS consortium was reorganized into the new incorporated Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. Former Humble Oil manager Edward L. Patton was put in charge of the new company and began to lobby strongly in favor of an Alaska Native claims settlement to resolve the disputes over the pipeline right of way. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.491662979125977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Opposition also was directed at the building of the construction and maintenance highway parallel to the pipeline. Although a clause in Alyeska's pipeline proposal called for removal of the pipeline at a certain point, no such provision was made for removal of the road. Sydney Howe, president of the Conservation Foundation, warned: \"The oil might last for fifty years. A road would remain forever.\" This argument relied upon the slow growth of plants and animals in far northern Alaska due to the harsh conditions and short growing season. In testimony, an environmentalist argued that arctic trees, though only a few feet tall, had been seedlings \"when George Washington was inaugurated\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.717046737670898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The environmental groups that had filed the injunction appealed the decision, and on October 6, 1972, the U.S. District Court of Appeals in Washington, D.C. partially reversed Hart's decision. The appeals court said that although the impact statement followed the guidelines set by the National Environmental Policy Act, it did not follow the Minerals Leasing Act, which allowed for a smaller pipeline right of way than was required for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. The oil companies and Alyeska appealed this decision to the U.S. Supreme Court, but in April 1973, the court declined to hear the case. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.679894924163818, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Oil crisis and authorization act ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463312149047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "On October 17, 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries announced an oil embargo against the United States in retaliation for its support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War. Because the United States imported approximately 35 percent of its oil from foreign sources, the embargo had a major effect. The price of gasoline shot upward, gasoline shortages were common, and rationing was considered. Most Americans began demanding a solution to the problem, and President Richard Nixon began lobbying for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline as at least a part of the answer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.74526309967041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Although the legal right-of-way was cleared by January 1974, cold weather, the need to hire workers, and construction of the Dalton Highway meant work on the pipeline itself did not begin until March. Between 1974 and July 22, 1977, when the first barrel of oil reached Valdez, tens of thousands of people worked on the pipeline. Thousands of workers came to Alaska, attracted by the prospect of high-paying jobs at a time when most of the rest of the United States was undergoing a recession. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.017932891845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The series of taxes levied on oil production in Alaska has changed several times since 1977, but the overall form remains mostly the same. Alaska receives royalties from oil production on state land. The state also has a property tax on oil production structures and transportation (pipeline) property—the only state property tax in Alaska. There is a special corporate income tax on petroleum companies, and the state taxes the amount of petroleum produced. This production tax is levied on the cost of oil at Pump Station 1. To calculate this tax, the state takes the market value of the oil, subtracts transportation costs (tanker and pipeline tariffs), subtracts production costs, then multiplies the resulting amount per barrel of oil produced each month. The state then takes a percentage of the dollar figure produced. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.488716125488281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Under the latest taxation system, introduced by former governor Sarah Palin in 2007 and passed by the Alaska Legislature that year, the maximum tax rate on profits is 50 percent. The rate fluctuates based on the cost of oil, with lower prices incurring lower tax rates. The state also claims 12.5 percent of all oil produced in the state. This \"royalty oil\" is not taxed but is sold back to the oil companies, generating additional revenue. At a local level, the pipeline owners pay property taxes on the portions of the pipeline and the pipeline facilities that lay within districts that impose a property tax. This property tax is based on the pipeline's value (as assessed by the state) and the local property tax rate. In the Fairbanks North Star Borough, for example, pipeline owners paid $9.2 million in property taxes—approximately 10 percent of all property taxes paid in the borough. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.228253364562988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The enormous amount of public revenue created by the pipeline provoked debates about what to do with the windfall. The record $900 million created by the Prudhoe Bay oil lease sale took place at a time when the entire state budget was less than $118 million, yet the entire amount created by the sale was used up by 1975. Taxes on the pipeline and oil carried by it promised to bring even more money into state coffers. To ensure that oil revenue wasn't spent as it came in, the Alaska Legislature and governor Jay Hammond proposed the creation of an Alaska Permanent Fund—a long-term savings account for the state. This measure required a constitutional amendment, which was duly passed in November 1976. The amendment requires at least 25 percent of mineral extraction revenue to be deposited in the Permanent Fund. On February 28, 1977, the first deposit—$734,000—was put into the Permanent Fund. That deposit and subsequent ones were invested entirely in bonds, but debates quickly arose about the style of investments and what they should be used for. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.475530624389648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "In 1980, the Alaska Legislature created the Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation to manage the investments of the Permanent Fund, and it passed the Permanent Fund Dividend program, which provided for annual payments to Alaskans from the interest earned by the fund. After two years of legal arguments about who should be eligible for payments, the first checks were distributed to Alaskans. After peaking at more than $40 billion in 2007, the fund's value declined to approximately $26 billion as of summer 2009. In addition to the Permanent Fund, the state also maintains the Constitutional Budget Reserve, a separate savings account established in 1990 after a legal dispute over pipeline tariffs generated a one-time payment of more than $1.5 billion from the oil companies. The Constitutional Budget reserve is run similar to the Permanent Fund, but money from it can be withdrawn to pay for the state's annual budget, unlike the Permanent Fund.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937104225158691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Oil prices ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.53945541381836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Pumping stations maintain the momentum of the oil as it goes through the pipeline. Pump Station 1 is the northernmost of 11 pump stations spread across the length of the pipeline. The original design called for 12 pump stations with 4 pumps each, but Pump Station 11 was never built. Nevertheless, the pump stations retained their intended naming system. Eight stations were operating at startup, and this number increased to 11 by 1980 as throughput rose. As of December 2006, only five stations were operating, with Pump Station 5 held in reserve. Pump Stations 2 and 7 have a capacity of moving 60,000 gallons/minute (227,125 l/min), while all other stations have a capacity of 20,000 gal/min (75,708 l/min). The pumps are natural-gas or liquid-fueled turbines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.689512729644775, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The most common pig is the scraper pig, which removes wax that precipitates out of the oil and collects on the walls of the pipeline. The colder the oil, the more wax buildup. This buildup can cause a variety of problems, so regular \"piggings\" are needed to keep the pipe clear. A second type of pig travels through the pipe and looks for corrosion. Corrosion-detecting pigs use either magnetic or ultrasonic sensors. Magnetic sensors detect corrosion by analyzing variations in the magnetic field of the pipeline's metal. Ultrasonic testing pigs detect corrosion by examining vibrations in the walls of the pipeline. Other types of pigs look for irregularities in the shape of the pipeline, such as if it is bending or buckling. \"Smart\" pigs, which contain a variety of sensors, can perform multiple tasks. Typically, these pigs are inserted at Prudhoe Bay and travel the length of the pipeline. In July 2009, a pig launcher was installed at Pump Station 8, near the midpoint of the pipeline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.313200950622559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The pipeline has at times been damaged due to sabotage, human error, maintenance failures, and natural disasters. By law, Alyeska is required to report significant oil spills to regulatory authorities. The Exxon Valdez oil spill is the best-known accident involving Alaska oil, but it did not involve the pipeline itself. Following the spill, Alyeska created a rapid response force that is paid for by the oil companies, including ExxonMobil, which was found liable for the spill. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.686817169189453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "An explosion on July 8, 1977, Pump Station No. 8, killed one worker, injured five others, and destroyed the pump station. A US House of Representatives Committee later announced the cause was workers not following the proper procedures, causing crude oil to flow into a pump under repair at the time. Since the startup of the Alaska pipeline on June 20, 1977, to August 15, 1977, seven incidents and accidents have caused the pipeline to be shut down periodically. The NTSB investigated the system, and made recommendations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.551088333129883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The largest oil spill involving the main pipeline took place on February 15, 1978, when an unknown individual blew a 1-inch (2.54-centimeter) hole in it at Steele Creek, just east of Fairbanks. Approximately 16000 oilbbl of oil leaked out of the hole before the pipeline was shut down. After more than 21 hours, it was restarted. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.276751518249512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The steel pipe is resistant to gunshots and has resisted them on several occasions, but on October 4, 2001, a drunken gunman named Daniel Carson Lewis shot a hole into a weld near Livengood, causing the second-largest mainline oil spill in pipeline history. Approximately 6144 oilbbl leaked from the pipeline; 4238 oilbbl were recovered and reinjected into the pipeline. Nearly 2 acre of tundra were soiled and were removed in the cleanup. The pipeline was repaired and was restarted more than 60 hours later. Lewis was found guilty in December 2002 of criminal mischief, assault, drunken driving, oil pollution, and misconduct. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.87066650390625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "In May 2010, as much as several thousands of barrels were spilled from a pump station near Fort Greely during a scheduled shutdown. A relief valve control circuit failed during a test of the fire control system, and oil poured into a tank and overflowed onto a secondary containment area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234325408935547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "A leak was discovered on Jan 8, 2011, in the basement of the booster pump at Pump Station 1. For more than 80 hours, pipeline flow was reduced to 5 percent of normal. An oil collection system was put in place, and full flow resumed until the pipeline was again shut down while a bypass was installed to avoid the leaking section. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.541232109069824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Decline in oil production has posed a serious problem for the pipeline. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.038232803344727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "By 2015, it is anticipated that daily oil throughput will approach 500000 oilbbl/d, unless additional sources of oil are developed. As volumes decrease, Alyeska will begin closing pump stations. The company intends to close all but four stations, because the lower throughput will require less pumping to maintain its momentum. While some reports supporting drilling in the ANWR coastal plain maintain that the pipeline may reach its minimum operating level of 200000 oilbbl/d by 2020 the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Renewal Environmental Impact Statement estimated levels above this through at least 2032 due to ongoing exploration outside ANWR. Improvements that allow low flow-rates could extend its lifespan as far as 2075.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.644592761993408, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "By law, Alaska is required to remove all traces of the pipeline after oil extraction is complete. No date has been set for this removal, but plans for it are being updated continuously.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.104691505432129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "In the 19th century the first steam ships were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle wheel or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced in a boiler using wood or coal and fed through a steam external combustion engine. Now most ships have an internal combustion engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some ships, such as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas, hovercraft are propelled by large pusher-prop fans. (See Marine propulsion.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.872936248779297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transport" }, { "answer": "Petro", "passage": "Bulk transport is common with cargo that can be handled roughly without deterioration; typical examples are ore, coal, cereals and petroleum. Because of the uniformity of the product, mechanical handling can allow enormous quantities to be handled quickly and efficiently. The low value of the cargo combined with high volume also means that economies of scale become essential in transport, and gigantic ships and whole trains are commonly used to transport bulk. Liquid products with sufficient volume may also be transported by pipeline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.03071403503418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transport" }, { "answer": "Petro", "passage": "Transport is a major use of energy and burns most of the world's petroleum. This creates air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a significant contributor to global warming through emission of carbon dioxide, for which transport is the fastest-growing emission sector. By subsector, road transport is the largest contributor to global warming. Environmental regulations in developed countries have reduced individual vehicles' emissions; however, this has been offset by increases in the numbers of vehicles and in the use of each vehicle. Some pathways to reduce the carbon emissions of road vehicles considerably have been studied. Energy use and emissions vary largely between modes, causing environmentalists to call for a transition from air and road to rail and human-powered transport, as well as increased transport electrification and energy efficiency.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.329662322998047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transport" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "First oil moved through the pipeline on June 20, 1977.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.225469589233398, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "First tanker to carry crude oil from Valdez: ARCO Juneau, August 1, 1977.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.132329940795898, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Fuel required for all operations (fuel oil equivalent) — 210,000 gal/day (also see fuel requirements under Pump Stations, and Marine Terminal).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.212015151977539, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Selection — Soil sampling and other means were used to determine soil types along the route. Where thaw-stable soils were found, the pipeline was buried in the conventional manner. In areas of thaw-unstable soils, and where heat from the oil in the pipeline might cause thawing and consequent loss of soil foundation stability, the pipeline was insulated and elevated above ground by means of a unique support system.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.636149406433105, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Conventional below-ground — The pipe is underlain with a layer of fine bedding material and covered with prepared gravel padding and soil fill material, in a ditch from 8 ft. to 16 ft. deep in most locations, but up to 49 ft. deep at one location. Zinc ribbons, which serve as sacrificial anodes to inhibit corrosion of the pipe, are buried alongside the pipeline. The Atigun pipe replacement section, 8.5 miles in length, has four magnesium ribbon sacrificial anodes installed. Electrical currents in the earth's surface, called \"telluric currents\" and caused by the same phenomenon that generates the Northern Lights, can be picked up by the pipeline and zinc anodes. The zinc anodes act like grounding rods to safely return these currents back to the earth, reducing the risk of damage to the pipeline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.018537521362305, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Special burial, non-refrigerated — In areas of thaw-unstable soils calling for elevated pipeline construction, but where the pipeline had to be buried for highway, animal crossings, or avoidance of rockslides and avalanches, the line was insulated, to protect the permafrost from the heat of the pipeline, and buried.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.773894786834717, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Special burial, refrigerated — In some areas the line was insulated and buried in a refrigerated ditch. Refrigeration plants at each of these points circulate chilled brine through loops of 6 inch diameter pipe to maintain the soil in a stable frozen condition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332263946533203, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Pipeline buried in the standard method lies on a layer of bedding material (well drained sandy gravel without sharp rocks) covered with prepared gravel padding and soil fill material.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.656421661376953, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Definition - Amount of oil in pipeline from PS 1 to Marine terminal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.893516540527344, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Pump Station 1 receives and meters oil from the producers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.5332612991333, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Pressure Relief Station — 1 (PS 5, reinjects oil drained down for pressure relief, but does not have mainline pumps and does not boost total stream).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360754013061523, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Thermal expansion - change in pipe length due to change in crude oil temperature", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.501764297485352, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Hot position - pipe at maximum oil temperature (145° F)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505843162536621, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Thermal stress - maximum, 25,000 psi - where below ground pipeline is fully restrained by the soil, the maximum longitudinal stress due to change in temperature from pipe temperature at tie-in to maximum oil temperature", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.472270011901855, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline - Earthly Issues Site Map" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "ConocoPhillips has a long and proud history in Alaska as the state’s largest oil and gas producer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.453447341918945, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) | ConocoPhillips Alaska" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Oil Production", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.458610534667969, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) | ConocoPhillips Alaska" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Before we drill, drilling and extraction, processing, what is oil used for? GO", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.193832397460938, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) | ConocoPhillips Alaska" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The 1,179-mile Keystone XL Pipeline (850 miles located in the U.S.) would cost $5.2 billion [3] and carry 830,000 barrels of oil each day from Alberta, Canada, through the U.S. down to the Gulf of Mexico, where the oil would be refined and sold domestically and abroad. The massive infrastructure project is expected to support more than 42,000 direct and indirect jobs nationwide [4] and would be built almost entirely with private investment, not taxpayer dollars. Polls show solid support for the energy project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.111303329467773, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Environmental groups have launched a blizzard of “green” objections to the project. The Sierra Club claims that Keystone XL “is a threat to our water and environment,” “poses a health risk to our communities,” and is a “climate disaster in the making.” [5] Hollywood has chimed in, too, with Robert Redford exclaiming, “Tar sands crude means a dirtier, more dangerous future for our children all so that the oil industry can reach the higher prices of overseas markets. This dirty energy project is all risk and no reward for the American people.” [6]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391331672668457, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Today, the Alaska Pipeline is recognized almost universally as a technological marvel, an energy policy success story that reduced American reliance on Middle Eastern oil, and one of the most economically successful infrastructure projects in American history. Over the past 40 years, it has carried 17 billion barrels of oil, [7] worth more than $1.7 trillion in today’s dollars. It also helped to rebuild the Alaska economy and made Alaska the second largest oil-producing state in the nation and one of the largest producers in the world. A University of Alaska study estimates that the petroleum industry directly and indirectly supports 110,000 jobs in the state. [8] All of this has happened with very little negative environmental impact and even some environmental improvements. Few people would look back and say that the U.S. should have listened to the environmentalist extremists and not built this pipeline. Thankfully, Congress and the White House had the good sense and courage to reject the green objections to the project and choose reasonable measures of good stewardship instead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.764479160308838, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Almost from day one, environmental groups campaigned to block, delay, and eventually kill the project. Environmental groups and academics began inventing a series of doomsday scenarios against the pipeline. They argued then, as now, that it would be better to stop using oil and stop obsessing about economic growth in order to save the planet. This was an era when Malthusian concerns about dwindling finite resources were widespread and environmentalists claimed, as some still do today, that the earth was running out of oil and other fossil fuels. [11] The arguments against the pipeline included constant oil spills due to earthquakes and other acts of nature, disruption to the lives of native populations in Alaska, endangerment of fish, and threats to wildlife, such as elk, polar bears, and moose.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.662246704101562, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "One persistent complaint was the predicted impact on wildlife in Alaska. Robert C. Krumm, Assistant Resources Director of the Bureau of Land Management in Fairbanks, warned “a pipeline break in the wrong place at the wrong time could be devastating to a broad spectrum of the ecology of a significant area.” [18] Bower assured Congress: “We have plenty of reason to suspect there will be many breaks [in the pipeline].” [19] He further warned that the Arctic Wildlife Range “is in enormous peril in the rush to discover and use up the oil reserves in the North Slope.” [20]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.49818229675293, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "David Brew of the U.S. Geological Survey explained in the impact analysis that “the principal unavoidable effects [include] disturbances of terrain, fish and wildlife habitat, and human environs during construction, operation, and maintenance of the oil pipeline.” Brew added,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.076498985290527, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The main disturbances during operation would be (1) thawing in permafrost leading to possible foundation instability and differential settlement, (2) some barrier effects of aboveground oil-pipeline sections on large mammal (especially caribou) migrations … and similar effects of any aboveground sections of gas pipeline that would eventually be built, and (3) adverse but unquantifiable effects on the marine ecosystem…. These last effects would in turn affect the fishing industry to some unquantifiable extent. [21]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.711555480957031, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The Wilderness Society issued a resolution warning that “oil extraction on Alaska’s North Slope, the proposed trans-Alaska oil pipeline, road construction, and other development threaten imminent, grave and irreparable damage to the ecology, wilderness values, natural resources, recreational potential, and total environment of Alaska.” [24]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7601776123046875, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Apparently discounting the effectiveness of safeguards, the lawsuit prophesied “oil spills will cover terrain with dark oil, which will absorb energy and begin melting…. Oil spills will endanger invaluable and irreplaceable shoreline and offshore birds and mammals of the Arctic Ocean. Indeed, the diversity of species endangered by oil spills is staggering.” [30]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293992042541504, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "John P. Milton, a deputy director at The Conservation Foundation, cautioned that “once an accident occurs, the oil will be around to cause environmental damage for a very, very long time.” [31]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45060920715332, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "James Moorman, counsel to the Environmental Defense Fund, claimed “inevitable” consequences from the project, promising that “we can look forward to disastrous massive oil spills along literally thousands of miles of the Pacific Coast of both the United States and Canada and in Washington’s priceless Puget Sound. In addition, we can look forward to a great scar through America’s Alps, the north Cascades of Washington, and across the great wilderness areas of Idaho and the Montana Rockies. These immensely important environmental impacts will be the inevitable results of a Trans-Alaska pipeline.” [37]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.530523300170898, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "In the past three decades, there has been one major oil spill in Alaska: the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, which severely damaged the ecosystem of Prince William Sound for many years. The economic damage from recreational spending and tourism has been estimated at $2.8 billion. [38] In addition, Exxon spent more than $2.5 billion in cleanup costs. [39] That spill, as horrific as it was, was not a result of the Alaska Pipeline. The pipeline itself has an exemplary environmental record. However, it would be remiss not to discuss the impact of this spill on the surrounding region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.513309478759766, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "[B]y 1997, the monitoring provided strong inferential evidence that intertidal populations within Prince William Sound experience a substantial amount of recovery from the effects of the 1989 oil spill and cleanup. The onset of recovery … began less than three years after the spill. Recolonization required about one to two years and populations stabilized for most taxa by 1993. [42]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320969581604004, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "High-pressure hot water was used to remove oil from the rocky shoreline—a process that also cleared away life forms. Some expected a slow return to natural levels. However, rockweed “quickly recovered to levels of abundance observed in control plots within two years,” while mussels “took several years to recover to levels of abundance observed in control plots.” Barnacles, periwinkles, and limpets “recovered quickly and returned to pre-disturbance levels within a year after clearing.” [43]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360448837280273, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "[T]he ecosystems affected by the operation of TAPS and associated activity for almost 25 years are healthy. With the exception of very limited local impacts, the vegetation, fish, and wildlife along TAPS have not been impacted at the resource population level. TAPS, as it exists today, is simply another feature on the landscape, to which the flora and fauna have habituated. Even Alaska’s North Slope, with extensive oil fields, has a healthy community of flora and fauna. Populations of large and small mammals, birds, and fish are healthy despite development of the oil field. [44]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41372013092041, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "That same study also found that “with respect to soils and permafrost, the impacts of continued TAPS operation are minimal. Most of the thermal impacts have already occurred or are significantly slowing.” [45]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384410858154297, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The prognostications of widespread disasters from spills proved far off the mark. Total oil spilled averaged less than 8,083 barrels (340,000 gallons) per year, including the Exxon Valdez spill, since the pipeline opened, while production has averaged nearly 20 billion gallons annually. Not counting the Valdez spill, which was not a result of problems with the pipeline, total oil spilled averaged 1,151 barrels per year throughout TAPS, including all other Alyeska spills, shipper vessel spills, and contractor spills. Including the Valdez spill, which was approximately 150,000 barrels, just over 291,000 barrels was spilled from 1977 to 2012 (8,083 barrels per year) [46] out of around 400 million barrels produced annually. Many of the spills were small and easily contained and cleaned up, posing no environmental threat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.701018333435059, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Of course, the threat of environmental contamination from even these smaller-than-expected spill totals should not be ignored. However, it is also important to note that oil is naturally present in a variety of environments in Alaska. As David Page and Edward Gilfillan explain:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450515747070312, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The many oil seep streams in Alaska are productive natural areas where lingering effects from petroleum exposure would be readily observed if such things really happened. The presence of petroleum in the environment does not automatically means that injury to biota is occurring. [48]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400164604187012, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "While oil spills can affect the environment, empirical evidence does not support the premise that occasional, contained spills permanently destroy the ability of wildlife to thrive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.445055961608887, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The most recent census of the Western Arctic caribou herd (WAH), Alaska’s largest herd, was released in 2011. The report states that the WAH had declined to about 75,000 animals by 1976. After the pipeline was built, “[f]rom 1976 to 1990 the herd grew 13% annually, and from 1990 to 2003 it grew 1–3% annually. In 2003 the WAH numbered ≥490,000 caribou but by 2011 it had declined to 325,000 caribou.” As a side note, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game downplayed concern over this recent minor decline, stating that “considering that the WAH has numbered more than 300,000 caribou since about 1988, a slow decline is probably preferable to continued growth that could lead to an eventual abrupt decline as occurred during the early 1970s.” [49] The bottom line is that the caribou population is about four times larger than it was when oil began to flow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.675525665283203, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The environmental report for renewing the pipeline’s right-of way noted, “Most spills have been contained on workpads. Localized areas of tundra have been killed and required remediation. No major spills on tundra have occurred. Major spill possible but unlikely.” Regarding wildlife habitat, the same report states that “[b]irds use oil field structures for nesting, perching, and foraging” and that the early vegetation green-up nearby facilities has “[p]ositive impacts,” allowing birds to “feed and replenish fat reserves before nesting.” Overall, the evaluation seems to note that while some effects may be noted within very close proximity to facilities, no “population-level impacts” are occurring. [50]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.583555221557617, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Lawsuits by environmental groups dragged on for more than four years. The numerous congressional hearings were rancorous and contentious. In 1973, the U.S. economy was thrown into recession by the Arab Oil Embargo, and the price of gasoline began rising week after week, eventually tripling.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.488517761230469, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The energy crisis helped to spur Congress into action. On July 17, 1973, the Senate narrowly adopted an amendment by a vote of 49–48 to effectively end the lawsuits by declaring that the pipeline project had met all NEPA requirements. Only 20 of 55 Democratic Senators [51] supported the provision, compared with 28 of 42 Republican Senators. A vote to reconsider this vote in favor of adoption failed, as Vice President Agnew cast the tie-breaking vote in favor of the amendment. The House followed suit with a bipartisan vote of 356–60 on August 2, 1973. [52] These votes served as a precursor to legislation that granted final approval to the project. In November, the Trans-Alaska Authorization Act passed with broad bipartisan support: 185 Democratic votes and 175 Republican votes in the House [53] and 43 Democratic votes and 36 Republican votes in the Senate. [54] With the President’s signature, the industry finally received the green light from Washington to begin construction of the pipeline. Construction of the $8 billion privately funded pipeline began in March of 1975; oil began flowing in June of 1977. The results for the economy and America’s energy security have been spectacularly and indisputably positive:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.507617950439453, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Alaska has become an energy production powerhouse. The 17 billion barrels of oil accounted for nearly 20 percent of U.S. domestic energy production for 1980–2000. Even now, Alaska accounts for 10 percent of U.S. domestic energy production, although volume is falling, in part because of federal prohibitions against drilling in certain areas, such as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). [55] The economic value of this oil is more than $1.7 trillion at today’s prices.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395065307617188, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Oil and gas employment in Alaska has surged. Today, 127,000 jobs in Alaska (one-third) are oil related—either in production or in state oil revenue. [57] Another 60,000 jobs have resulted from the “broad economic benefits created by oil industry activities and by state spending of its huge oil revenues.” [58] The Alaska state constitution established the Alaska Permanent Fund, which states, “At least 25 percent of all mineral lease rentals, royalties, royalty sales proceeds, federal mineral revenue-sharing payments and bonuses received by the state be placed in a permanent fund, the principal of which may only be used for income-producing investments.” [59] The current value of the fund is more than $53 billion—more than $71,000 for each of Alaska’s 731,000 residents. Annual dividend payouts have ranged from $845 in 2005 to $2,069 in 2008. From 1982 through 2013, dividends totaled more than $35,000 per eligible resident. Over just the past 10 years, each eligible resident has received more than $12,000. [60]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468993186950684, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "State revenue soared. About $157 billion (2010 dollars) in state revenue from 1959 to 2010 came from oil revenues [62] —mostly from the North Slope.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.502477645874023, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Employment has soared. By some estimates, about half the jobs in Alaska are related to the oil and gas industry. the same study estimates that without oil the state would have had only 187,000 jobs in 2007, rather than 374,000. [63]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491206169128418, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Nearly four decades later, America is replaying the debate over the Alaska Pipeline in a different context. Among other objections, opponents of the Keystone XL Pipeline argue that the construction jobs would be only temporary, water supplies would be endangered, the pipeline would be a target for terrorists, some of the oil would be exported, the oil and gas would contribute to global warming, and the pipeline would threaten the lesser prairie-chicken. Environmentalists even make the absurd claim that the new pipeline would kill jobs and undermine U.S. energy security. [64] The Conservation Law Foundation even claims that the Keystone Pipeline would increase gas prices. [65]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.275701522827148, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Petro", "passage": "Some of the best scientific estimates tell an opposite story. The Keystone XL construction project is expected to support more than 42,000 “direct, indirect, and induced” jobs. [66] Construction of Keystone XL and the related Gulf Coast Pipeline are expected to have $20 billion in economic impact. [67] By 2035, the Canadian Energy Research Institute predicts the pipeline will generate $172 billion in gross domestic product. [68] The American Petroleum Institute estimates:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.911395072937012, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Employment in the United States (direct, indirect, induced) as a result of new oil sands investments is expected to grow from 21,000 jobs in 2010 to 465,000 jobs in 2035. This type of employment includes new and preserved jobs and also consists of full-time and part-time jobs. [69]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.347990989685059, "source": "search", "title": "Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Lessons for the Keystone XL ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "It’s built to transport up to 2 million barrels of oil per day, but these days it carries only about a quarter of that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.299751281738281, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "With oil production at lower levels, how long will the pipeline be viable?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.150696754455566, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Now, pipeline controllers sit in a quiet room filled with massive monitors. The screens show schematics that look sort of like 1980s video games. Symbols indicate which valves are open and the direction the oil is headed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.532657623291016, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "“Follow the blue line and the oil’s going to tank five today,” Malvik said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.457414627075195, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Controllers monitor pressure, temperature, and flow. They respond to alarms and communicate with workers in the field. It’s extremely mellow during a normal day as the controllers try to keep the oil flowing at a steady state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.121315002441406, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "But Malvik explains that maintaining the steady state is harder when less oil is flowing through the system. With only about 550,000 barrels entering the pipeline per day, the oil gets colder much faster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.557098388671875, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "The problem is, they only work if the oil moving fast enough to push them along. In the next few years, it may not be. Less oil makes leaks harder to detect as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379606246948242, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "“What we’ve designed the test loop at Tulsa to do is simulate as closely as we can, if I was a drop of oil going from pump one to Valdez, what temperatures would I see, what terrain types would I see,” Malvik said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386627197265625, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Starting this month they’ll run oil from the North Slope through the model. They want to test new ideas like dry-flow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483271598815918, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Oil pumped from the ground naturally contains water. If you let it sit in large tanks for a few hours, the water drops out. Less water in the oil could solve problems like ice build up and pipe corrosion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33871078491211, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Petro", "passage": "Lois Epstein is a petroleum engineer with the Wilderness Society and vice president of the Pipeline Safety Trust. She says studying the technical problem is the best solution to the low flow issue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.83615779876709, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "From an environmental stand point, she would rather the companies make use of the infrastructure and oil fields that are already there instead of developing new ones in places like ANWR.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35136890411377, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "As Alyeska waits for the study results, they are dealing with the low flow problem by adding extra heat to the oil. They have restarted some pump stations where they cycle the oil through multiple times. The friction heats up the oil before heading back down the line.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14100170135498, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Another possible solution is storing oil in tanks at Pump Station One and only running the pipeline part time. But Malvik says starting it and stopping it in the winter has problems of it’s own.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.458113670349121, "source": "search", "title": "How Long Will The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Be Viable ..." }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Within the liquid petroleum pipeline network there are crude oil lines, refined product lines, highly volatile liquids (HVL) lines, and carbon dioxide lines (CO2). Crude oil is also subdivided in to 'Gathering Lines' and ’Transmission Lines”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.582216262817383, "source": "search", "title": "Pipeline101 - How-Do-Pipelines-Work" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "First, gathering lines are very small pipelines usually from 2 to 8 inches in diameter in the areas of the country where crude oil is found deep within the earth. These gathering lines exist all over the country but the bulk of them are located  primarily in Texas, North Dakota, California, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Louisiana, and Wyoming with small systems in a number of other oil producing states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.750288963317871, "source": "search", "title": "Pipeline101 - How-Do-Pipelines-Work" }, { "answer": "Oil", "passage": "Highly volatile liquid (HVL) lines and carbon dioxide (CO2) lines are also a part of the liquid petroleum pipeline network. These liquids turn to gas once exposed to the atmosphere. They include ethane, butane and propane. Carbon dioxide pipelines allow carbon dioxide to enhance oil recovery, as CO2 has long done in North America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.378620147705078, "source": "search", "title": "Pipeline101 - How-Do-Pipelines-Work" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine. The vessel was the first submarine to complete a submerged transit of the North Pole on 3 August 1958. Sharing names with Captain Nemo's fictional submarine in Jules Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, and named after another that served with distinction in World War II, Nautilus was authorized in 1951 and launched in 1954. Because her nuclear propulsion allowed her to remain submerged far longer than diesel-electric submarines, she broke many records in her first years of operation, and traveled to locations previously beyond the limits of submarines. In operation, she revealed a number of limitations in her design and construction. This information was used to improve subsequent submarines.", "precise_score": 10.155795097351074, "rough_score": 9.870973587036133, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "In July 1951 the United States Congress authorized the construction of a nuclear-powered submarine for the U.S. Navy, which was planned and personally supervised by Captain (later Admiral) Hyman G. Rickover, USN, known as the \"Father of the Nuclear Navy.\" On 12 December 1951 the US Department of the Navy announced that the submarine would be called Nautilus, the fourth U.S. Navy vessel officially so named. The boat carried the hull number SSN-571. The Nautilus benefited from the GUPPY improvements to the American Gato-, Balao-, and Tench-class submarines.", "precise_score": 5.204692840576172, "rough_score": 5.271803855895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus was powered by the Submarine Thermal Reactor (STR), later redesignated the S2W reactor, a pressurized water reactor produced for the US Navy by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, operated by Westinghouse, developed the basic reactor plant design used in Nautilus after being given the assignment on 31 December 1947 to design a nuclear power plant for a submarine. Nuclear power had the crucial advantage in submarine propulsion because it is a zero-emission process that consumes no air. This design is the basis for nearly all of the US nuclear-powered submarine and surface combat ships, and was adapted by other countries for naval nuclear propulsion. The first actual prototype (for Nautilus) was constructed and tested by the Argonne National Laboratory in 1953 at the S1W facility, part of the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho. ", "precise_score": 4.009146213531494, "rough_score": 2.7148969173431396, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "In July of 1951, Congress authorized construction of the world's first nuclear powered submarine. On December 12th of that year, the Navy Department announced that she would be the sixth ship of the fleet to bear the name NAUTILUS. Her keel was laid by President Harry S. Truman at the Electric Boat Shipyard in Groton, Connecticut on June 14, 1952.", "precise_score": 9.832788467407227, "rough_score": 9.173352241516113, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "In May 1959, NAUTILUS entered Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine for her first complete overhaul - the first of any nuclear powered ship - and the replacement of her second fuel core. Upon completion of her overhaul in August 1960, NAUTILUS departed for a period of refresher training, then deployed to the Mediterranean Sea to become the first nuclear powered submarine assigned to the U.S. Sixth Fleet.", "precise_score": 7.675786018371582, "rough_score": 4.568244457244873, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Launched 60 years ago today, the USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was the world's first nuclear-powered submarine. Its atomic fuel source gave for the U.S Navy a dramatic increase in both range and operational flexibility. A few years later, the USS Nautilus achieved another historical first: she was the first vessel to complete a submerged transit to the North Pole, on 3 August 1958.", "precise_score": 10.410423278808594, "rough_score": 8.526070594787598, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Jan. 21, 1954: spectators gather around the nuclear-powered submarine USS Nautilus during a christening ceremony.", "precise_score": 4.556209087371826, "rough_score": 4.940115928649902, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Official board the USS Nautilus at the electric boat division of the General Dynamics Corp. on Aug. 30, 1954, for the commissioning ceremony placing the world's first atomic-powered submarine in the service of the U.S. Navy.", "precise_score": 8.184247970581055, "rough_score": 4.310122966766357, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Navy personnel stationed in Idaho Falls, Idaho, in the mid 1950s learn how to operate the Nautilus S1W, the prototype of the Navy's first nuclear-powered submarine.", "precise_score": 6.168529510498047, "rough_score": 3.1729631423950195, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "C1955: Eugene Wilkinson, commander of the world's first nuclear powered vessel, points out the dates and battle actions of the ships that previously bore the name Nautilus.", "precise_score": 6.384809970855713, "rough_score": 7.765008449554443, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear submarine, is launched - BT", "precise_score": 9.691974639892578, "rough_score": 8.661023139953613, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear submarine, is launched", "precise_score": 9.737367630004883, "rough_score": 8.442614555358887, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "USS Nautilus, the world’s first nuclear-powered submarine, was launched off Connecticut on this day in 1954.", "precise_score": 10.15384292602539, "rough_score": 9.24368667602539, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "The United States developed the world's first nuclear -powered submarine: the Nautilus. Its first nuclear-powered journey took place on Jan. 21, 1954. In contrast to the diesel- electric subs that preceded it (and are still in service around the world today), the Nautilus had a practically unlimited range. What's more, it could stay underwater for great lengths of time because it didn't have to surface to recharge electric batteries . And while most submarines were designed to travel primarily on the surface and dive on occasion, the Nautilus was designed to remain underwater and only surface on occasion.", "precise_score": 10.312478065490723, "rough_score": 9.510674476623535, "source": "search", "title": "Going Nuclear: The First Nuclear-powered Submarine - How ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Work on nuclear marine propulsion started in the 1940s, and the first test reactor started up in USA in 1953. The first nuclear-powered submarine, USS Nautilus, put to sea in 1955.", "precise_score": 7.962225914001465, "rough_score": 7.421975612640381, "source": "search", "title": "Nuclear-Powered Ships | Nuclear Submarines - World Nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "USS Nautilus was the first nuclear-powered submarine. Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut—the same company that had sold the U.S. Navy its first submarine in 1900—laid her keel 14 June 1952. She was launched 18 months later and commissioned in September 1954.", "precise_score": 9.773213386535645, "rough_score": 8.86065673828125, "source": "search", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571) - National Museum of American History" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "* 3 August 1958 – Nautilus used an inertial navigation system to reach the North Pole.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285323143005371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Submarine" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus was decommissioned in 1980 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1982. The submarine has been preserved as a submarine museum in Groton, Connecticut, where the vessel receives some 250,000 visitors a year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.717362880706787, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautiluss keel was laid at General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division in Groton, Connecticut by Harry S. Truman on 14 June 1952. She was christened on 21 January 1954 and launched into the Thames River, sponsored by Mamie Eisenhower. Nautilus was commissioned on 30 September 1954, under the command of Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson, USN.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740496635437012, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus ship's patch was designed by The Walt Disney Company, and her wardroom currently displays a set of tableware made of zirconium, as the reactor core was partly made of zirconium.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869708061218262, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Following her commissioning, Nautilus remained dockside for further construction and testing. At 11 a.m. on 17 January 1955 she put to sea for the first time and signaled her historic message: \"Underway on nuclear power.\" On 10 May, she headed south for shakedown. Submerged throughout, she traveled 1100 nmi from New London to San Juan, Puerto Rico and covered 1200 nmi in less than ninety hours. At the time, this was the longest submerged cruise by a submarine and at the highest sustained speed (for at least one hour) ever recorded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.474056243896484, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "From 1955 to 1957, Nautilus continued to be used to investigate the effects of increased submerged speeds and endurance. The improvements rendered the progress made in anti-submarine warfare during World War II virtually obsolete. Radar and anti-submarine aircraft, which had proved crucial in defeating submarines during the war, proved ineffective against a vessel able to quickly move out of an area, change depth quickly and stay submerged for very long periods. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.983743667602539, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "On 4 February 1957, Nautilus logged her 60,000th nautical mile (60000 nmi), matching the endurance of her namesake, the fictional Nautilus described in Jules Verne's novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea. In May, she departed for the Pacific Coast to participate in coastal exercises and the fleet exercise, operation \"Home Run,\" which acquainted units of the Pacific Fleet with the capabilities of nuclear submarines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.185969352722168, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus returned to New London, Connecticut, on 21 July and departed again on 19 August for her first voyage of 1200 nmi under polar pack ice. Thereafter, she headed for the Eastern Atlantic to participate in NATO exercises and conduct a tour of various British and French ports where she was inspected by defense personnel of those countries. She arrived back at New London on 28 October, underwent upkeep, and then conducted coastal operations until the spring.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.922919273376465, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "On 25 April 1958, Nautilus was underway again for the West Coast, now commanded by Commander William R. Anderson, USN.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142197608947754, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "By 23 July 1958 her wait was over, and she set a course northward. She submerged in the Barrow Sea Valley on 1 August and on 3 August, at 2315 (EDT) she became the first watercraft to reach the geographic North Pole. The ability to navigate at extreme latitudes and without surfacing was enabled by the technology of the North American Aviation N6A-1 Inertial Navigation System, a naval modification of the N6A used in the Navaho cruise missile; it had been installed on Nautilus and after initial sea trials on in 1957. From the North Pole, she continued on and after 96 hours and 1590 nmi under the ice, surfaced northeast of Greenland, having completed the first successful submerged voyage around the North Pole. The technical details of this mission were planned by scientists from the Naval Electronics Laboratory including Dr. Waldo Lyon who accompanied Nautilus as chief scientist and ice pilot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.810980796813965, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "As Nautilus proceeded south from Greenland, a helicopter airlifted Commander Anderson to connect with transport to Washington, D.C. At a White House ceremony on 8 August, President Eisenhower presented him with the Legion of Merit and announced that the crew had earned a Presidential Unit Citation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339950561523438, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "At her next port of call, the Isle of Portland, England, she received the Unit Citation, the first ever issued in peace time, from American Ambassador JH Whitney, and then crossed the Atlantic reaching New London, Connecticut on 29 October. For the remainder of the year Nautilus operated from her home port of New London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.810752868652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Following fleet exercises in early 1959, Nautilus entered the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, for her first complete overhaul (28 May 1959 – 15 August 1960). Overhaul was followed by refresher training and on 24 October she departed New London for her first deployment with the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, returning to her home-port 16 December.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4704008102417, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus spent most of her career assigned to SubRon Ten (Submarine Squadron Ten) at State Pier in New London, Connecticut. The squadron commander was stationed aboard , a submarine tender also stationed at State Pier. Nautilus and other submarines in the squadron made their home tied up alongside the tender, where they received preventive maintenance and, if necessary, repairs, from the well-equipped Fulton and her crew of machinists, millwrights, and other craftsmen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.954225540161133, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus operated in the Atlantic, conducting evaluation tests for ASW improvements, participating in NATO exercises and, during October 1962, in the naval quarantine of Cuba, until she headed east again for a two-month Mediterranean tour in August 1963. On her return she joined in fleet exercises until entering the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for her second overhaul 17 January 1964.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.027721405029297, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "On 2 May 1966, Nautilus returned to her homeport to resume operations with the Atlantic Fleet, and at some point around that month, logged her 300,000th nautical mile (300000 nmi) underway. For the next year and a quarter she conducted special operations for ComSubLant and then in August 1967, returned to Portsmouth, for another year's stay. During an exercise in 1966 she collided with the aircraft carrier on 10 November, while diving shallow. Following repairs in Portsmouth she conducted exercises off the southeastern seaboard. She returned to New London in December 1968 and operated as a unit of Submarine Squadron 10 for most of the remainder of her career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.868355751037598, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "In the spring of 1979, Nautilus set out from Groton, Connecticut on her final voyage under the command of Richard A. Riddell. She reached Mare Island Naval Shipyard of Vallejo, California on 26 May 1979, her last day underway. She was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 3 March 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.724851608276367, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Toward the end of its service, the hull and sail of Nautilus vibrated sufficiently that sonar became ineffective at more than 4 kn speed. As noise generation is extremely undesirable in submarines, this made the vessel vulnerable to detection. Lessons learned from this problem were applied to later nuclear submarines. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.761712551116943, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "To commemorate the first submerged voyage under the North Pole, all Nautilus crewmembers who made the voyage may wear a Presidential Unit Citation ribbon with a special clasp in the form of a gold block letter N (image above). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.128951072692871, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus was designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Secretary of the Interior on 20 May 1982.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386209487915039, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "She was named as the official state ship of Connecticut in 1983. Following an extensive conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Nautilus was towed back to Groton, Connecticut, under the command of Captain John Almon, arriving on 6 July 1985. On 11 April 1986, Nautilus opened to the public as part of the Submarine Force Library and Museum. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.992538452148438, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus now serves as a museum of submarine history operated by the Naval History and Heritage Command. The ship underwent a five-month preservation in 2002 at the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics, at a cost of approximately $4.7 million ($ in present-day terms). Nautilus attracts some 250,000 visitors annually to her present berth near Naval Submarine Base New London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.65218448638916, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus celebrated the 50th anniversary of her commissioning on 30 September 2004 with a ceremony that included a speech from Vice Admiral Eugene P Wilkinson, the first Commanding Officer of Nautilus, and a designation of the ship as an American Nuclear Society National Nuclear Landmark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.660271644592285, "source": "wiki", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069633483886719, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069633483886719, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Construction of NAUTILUS was made possible by the successful development of a nuclear propulsion plant by a group of scientists and engineers at the Naval Reactors Branch of the Atomic Energy Commission, under the leadership of Captain Hyman G. Rickover, USN.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.179417610168457, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "After nearly 18 months of construction, NAUTILUS was launched on January 21, 1954 with First Lady Mamie Eisenhower breaking the traditional bottle of champagne across NAUTILUS' bow as she slid down the ways into the Thames River. Eight months later, on September 30, 1954, NAUTILUS became the first commissioned nuclear powered ship in the United States Navy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7156901359558105, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "On the morning of January 17, 1955, at 11 am EST, NAUTILUS' first Commanding Officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson, ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message, \"Underway On Nuclear Power.\" Over the next several years, NAUTILUS shattered all submerged speed and distance records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.965129852294922, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "On July 23, 1958, NAUTILUS departed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii under top secret orders to conduct \"Operation Sunshine\", the first crossing of the North Pole by a ship. At 11:15 pm on August 3, 1958, NAUTILUS' second Commanding Officer, Commander William R. Anderson, announced to his crew, \"For the world, our country, and the Navy - the North Pole.\" With 116 men aboard, NAUTILUS had accomplished the \"impossible\", reaching the geographic North Pole - 90 degrees North.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.471783638000488, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Over the next six years, NAUTILUS participated in several fleet exercises while steaming over 200,000 miles. In the spring of 1966, she again entered the record books when she logged her 300,000th mile underway. During the following 12 years, NAUTILUS was involved in a variety of developmental testing programs while continuing to serve alongside many of the more modern nuclear powered submarines she had preceded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.1328125, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "In the spring of 1979, NAUTILUS set out from Groton, Connecticut on her final voyage. She reached Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California on May 26, 1979 - her last day underway. She was decommissioned on March 3, 1980 after a career spanning 25 years and over half a million miles steamed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.910876274108887, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "In recognition of her pioneering role in the practical use of nuclear power, NAUTILUS was designated a National Historic Landmark by the Secretary of the Interior on May 20, 1982. Following an extensive historic ship conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, NAUTILUS was towed to Groton, Connecticut arriving on July 6, 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.01293659210205, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "On April 11, 1986, eighty-six years to the day after the birth of the Submarine Force, Historic Ship NAUTILUS, joined by the Submarine Force Museum, opened to the public as the first and finest exhibit of its kind in the world, providing an exciting, visible link between yesterday's Submarine Force and the Submarine Force of tomorrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2273645401000977, "source": "search", "title": "History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571)" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Our commemorative photo collection offers a glimpse into the first years of the USS Nautilus, to the life on board and under the sea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.114148139953613, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "First lady Mamie Eisenhower christens the USS Nautilus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.301122665405273, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "The Nautilus slips into the Thames River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38015079498291, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "The USS Nautilus in the Thames River shortly after a christening ceremony.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.258126258850098, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "The Nautilus sets out to sea on a trial run.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424455642700195, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "A windowless warehouse in the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho, where scientists tested the prototype of the atomic engine of the USS Nautilus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.609600067138672, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "C1955: Admiral Robert B Carney puts a nickel into the jukebox on board the USS Nautilus. The money went toward the submarine's recreation fund.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.42129135131836, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "1956: Lieutenant Commander John H. Ebersole, Medical Corps, uses chemical separation of radioactive isotopes, determines source of radiation in the nucleonics laboratory aboard USS Nautilus. Ebersole was responsible for the radiation hygiene and safety of its officers and crew.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85806655883789, "source": "search", "title": "The World's First Nuclear Submarine Was Launched 60 Years Ago" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Unlike its diesel predecessors, the Nautilus did not need to resurface to refuel or take on air every 48 hours, and in fact could technically stay submerged for years – making it the first ‘true’ submarine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.683087348937988, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Powered by a pressurised water reactor, Nautilus also had the benefit of not requiring tanks capable of holding 90,000 gallons of fuel on board – freeing up much-needed space inside the vessel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.223284721374512, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Designated the USS Nautilus in December 1951 (after the World War II vessel of the same name), the submarine’s keel was laid the following year in Connecticut while testing of a prototype vessel and crew member training was carried out elsewhere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.639004707336426, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Following further construction and sea testing, Nautilus finally put to sea operationally on January 17, 1955, signalling the historic message: “Underway, on nuclear power”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.173782348632812, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Have you been part of a submarine crew? What did you make of the Nautilus?  Let us know in the Comments section below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.338308334350586, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "USS Nautilus – Did you know?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261956214904785, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus carried the hull number SSN-571. She was over 323 feet long and 27 feet wide, and could manage a speed of 22 knots on the surface, or 20 knots submerged.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.767840385437012, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "After its launch, Nautilus quickly broke a number of records for speed, and length and depth of dive. Improvements in her technology rendered contemporary methods of defence against submarines virtually obsolete.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.151485443115234, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "In August 1958 the Nautilus became the first vessel to achieve submarine transit underneath the North Pole, in a scheme named Operation Sunshine. She stayed submerged for a week during the operation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.480299949645996, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus was decommissioned in March 1980, and following an extensive conversion was opened to the public as part of the Submarine Force Library and Museum at Groton, Connecticut in April 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.740007400512695, "source": "search", "title": "January 21, 1954: USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "The incredible range and maneuverability of nuclear submarines radically altered naval strategy and tactics. While submarines previously were maintained for coastal defense, this new breed of submarine could -- and did -- travel the globe. Just a few years after being put to sea, the Nautilus became the first submarine to sail beneath the arctic ice, reaching the North Pole on Aug. 3, 1958. After it reached the North Pole, the Nautilus was overhauled and had its reactor changed. Then it was assigned to the Sixth Fleet in 1960. By this time, more advanced technologies were being developed and Nautilus functioned as a trainer sub after 1966.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.1716688722372055, "source": "search", "title": "Going Nuclear: The First Nuclear-powered Submarine - How ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Being able to travel the globe undetected meant that enemy military and commercial ships were exposed to submarine attack at any time and virtually any place on the Earth's oceans. Over time, the submarines were armed with ballistic missiles capped with nuclear warheads. A few years after the Nautilus, an alarmed Soviet Union developed its own nuclear submarine capabilities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.824704170227051, "source": "search", "title": "Going Nuclear: The First Nuclear-powered Submarine - How ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus led to the parallel development of further (Skate-class) submarines, powered by single pressurised water reactors, and an aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise, powered by eight Westinghouse reactor units in 1960. A cruiser, USS Long Beach, followed in 1961 and was powered by two of these early units. Remarkably, the Enterprise remained in service to the end of 2012.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.946651458740234, "source": "search", "title": "Nuclear-Powered Ships | Nuclear Submarines - World Nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "The US Navy's second nuclear submarine had a sodium-cooled power plant (S2G). The USS Seawolf, SSN-575, operated for nearly two years 1957-58 with this. The intermediate-spectrum reactor raised its incoming coolant temperature over ten times as much as the Nautilus' water-cooled plant, providing superheated steam, and it offered an outlet temperature of 454°C, compared with the Nautilus’ 305°C. It was highly efficient, but offsetting this, the plant had serious operational disadvantages. Large electric heaters were required to keep the plant warm when the reactor was down to avoid the sodium freezing. The biggest problem was that the sodium became highly radioactive, with a half-life of 15 hours, so that the whole reactor system had to be more heavily shielded than a water-cooled plant, and the reactor compartment couldn’t be entered for many days after shutdown. The reactor was replaced with a PWR type (S2Wa) similar to Nautilus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.034584045410156, "source": "search", "title": "Nuclear-Powered Ships | Nuclear Submarines - World Nuclear ..." }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.002994537353516, "source": "search", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571) - National Museum of American History" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Although Nautilus was a large boat for her time—323 feet (98 m) long and displacing 4,092 tons submerged, with a crew of 104—she was also fast. The newly developed S2W (Submarine, Model 2, Westinghouse) pressurized-water nuclear reactor provided her power both on the surface, where her top speed was 22 knots (41 km/hr), and underwater, where she could do 23 knots (42 km/hr).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.86142110824585, "source": "search", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571) - National Museum of American History" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Message from Nautilus to the Commander, Submarine Forces Atlantic, at start of Nautilus' first sea trial, 17 January 1955, shortly after 11:00 a.m.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9911444187164307, "source": "search", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571) - National Museum of American History" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "Nautilus was a fully functional warship. Here crewmen load a torpedo through the hatch on her deck. Courtesy U.S. Naval Institute", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.830986022949219, "source": "search", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571) - National Museum of American History" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "The Nautilus underwent sea trials in 1955. Courtesy Naval Historical Center", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18135929107666, "source": "search", "title": "USS Nautilus (SSN-571) - National Museum of American History" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "The USS Nautilus (SSN-571). She was launched in 1954 and although she wasn't completed, was commissioned later the same year. She first went to sea in January 1955 and was decommissioned in 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.335643768310547, "source": "search", "title": "What was the worlds first nuclear submarine? - Quora" }, { "answer": "Nautilus", "passage": "USS Nautilus aka The First and Finest but after 20 some years she had unfortunately become The First and Worst.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.657794952392578, "source": "search", "title": "What was the worlds first nuclear submarine? - Quora" } ]

[ { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "Development of automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers competing to gain the world's attention. Key developments included electric ignition and the electric self-starter (both by Charles Kettering, for the Cadillac Motor Company in 1910–1911), independent suspension, and four-wheel brakes.", "precise_score": 7.361501693725586, "rough_score": 4.531739711761475, "source": "wiki", "title": "Car" }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "The first electrical ignition system or electric starter motor for cars was invented by GM engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. The self-starting ignition was first installed in a Cadillac on February 17, 1911. The invention of the electric starter motor by Kettering eliminated the need for hand cranking. United States Patent #1,150,523, was issued to Kettering in 1915. ", "precise_score": 8.755887985229492, "rough_score": 6.404765605926514, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Kettering and the Electrical Ignition System" }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "Reflecting the rapid pace of change, makes shared parts with one another so larger production volume resulted in lower costs for each price range. For example, in the 1930s, LaSalles, sold by Cadillac, used cheaper mechanical parts made by Oldsmobile; in the 1950s, Chevrolet shared hood, doors, roof, and windows with Pontiac; by the 1990s, corporate powertrains and shared platforms (with interchangeable brakes, suspension, and other parts) were common. Even so, only major makers could afford high costs, and even companies with decades of production, such as Apperson, Cole, Dorris, Haynes, or Premier, could not manage: of some two hundred American car makers in existence in 1920, only 43 survived in 1930, and with the Great Depression, by 1940, only 17 of those were left.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.10957145690918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Car" }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "Early one September morning in 1908, Ernest Sweet, chief engineer for the Cadillac Motor Car Co., stepped off a train in Dayton, Ohio. He was met by an engineer who worked for National Cash Register.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.587048530578613, "source": "search", "title": "Automobile Ignition System History - Motor Era" }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "However, Sweet was not in Dayton to discuss cash registers. At the urging of his boss, Henry M. Leland, he was there to test-drive a Cadillac Roadster owned by the NCR engineer. Leland had received a letter from the Dayton resident describing a \"flawless\" battery ignition system for motor vehicles. Magneto ignition was the standard in those days because battery ignition just did not work. Sparkplugs fouled, vibrators failed, and batteries often gave out after 500 miles. Brief encounters with battery ignition by other carmakers -- Duryea in 1893, for example -- caused them to return to the reliable magneto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.833998203277588, "source": "search", "title": "Automobile Ignition System History - Motor Era" }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "For the next eight hours, Sweet drove the Cadillac over the hills surrounding Dayton, putting the Roadster through every rigorous test he knew. As the young engineer had promised, the ignition system performed flawlessly. As a result of this test, Leland met the NCR engineer several weeks later at Cadillac headquarters in Detroit to personally hand him a contract calling for 8,000 of his battery ignition units -- enough for every Cadillac that would be produced in 1910. The young engineer was Charles Franklin Kettering. In the years ahead, his influence on General Motors would rival even that of Leland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.74857234954834, "source": "search", "title": "Automobile Ignition System History - Motor Era" }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "Yet, when the 1910 Cadillac Model 30 hit the showrooms , customers found that it possessed two independent ignition systems -- the much-heralded Delco and the standard magneto, installed just in case.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.748593330383301, "source": "search", "title": "Automobile Ignition System History - Motor Era" }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "In the early years of the automobile, drivers used iron hand cranks to start the internal combustion process that powered the engines on their cars. In addition to requiring great hand and arm strength, this system was not without certain risks: If the driver forgot to turn his ignition off before turning the crank, the car could backfire or roll forward, as at the time most vehicles had no brakes. Clearly a better system was needed, and in 1911 Cadillac head Henry M. Leland gave Charles Kettering the task of developing one.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.678683280944824, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Kettering receives patent for electric self ..." }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "Before founding DELCO with his partner Edward Deeds in 1909, Kettering had worked at the National Cash Register Company, where he helped develop the first electric cash register. He drew on this experience when approaching his work with automobiles. Just as the touch of a button had started a motor that opened the drawer of the cash register, Kettering would eventually use a key to turn on his self-starting motor. The self-starter was introduced in the 1912 Cadillac, patented by Kettering in 1915, and by the 1920s would come standard on nearly every new automobile. By making cars easier and safer to operate, especially for women, the self-starting engine caused a huge jump in sales, and helped foster a fast-growing automobile culture in America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.635364532470703, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Kettering receives patent for electric self ..." }, { "answer": "Cadillac", "passage": "In the U.S., 1905 was the year in which the automobile could claim to have emerged from the \"horseless carriage\" stage and become an industry. The Ford Motor Company was two years old. The Buick Motor Company, also two years old, had just been taken over by a carriage builder named William C. Durant and in this year would produce 750 cars. Cadillac, three years old, was offering a one-cylinder car with the motor under the front seat. Among other cars for sale were the Locomobile, Mobile, Winton, deDion, Columbia and Gasmobile. But the real titan was R.E. Olds, whose curved-dash one-cylinder Oldsmobile outnumbered all other cars on America's dirt roads and rutted gravel highways. Up to 1905, Olds - who was later to give his name to another car, the Reo - had produced nearly 12,000 cars. In that year he was to make a record 6,500 runabouts, and Gus Edwards was to write that priceless piece of publicity - the song, \"In My Merry Oldsmobile\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.360676288604736, "source": "search", "title": "Our Company - History - General Motors Canada" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Chester Carlson, the inventor of photocopying, was originally a patent attorney, as well as a part-time researcher and inventor. His job at the patent office in New York required him to make a large number of copies of important papers. Carlson, who was arthritic, found this to be a painful and tedious process. This motivated him to conduct experiments with photoconductivity. Carlson used his kitchen for his \"electrophotography\" experiments, and, in 1938, he applied for a patent for the process. He made the first photocopy using a zinc plate covered with sulfur. The words \"10-22-38 Astoria\" were written on a microscope slide, which was placed on top of more sulfur and under a bright light. After the slide was removed, a mirror image of the words remained. Carlson tried to sell his invention to some companies, but failed because the process was still underdeveloped. At the time, multiple copies were most commonly made at the point of document origination, using carbon paper or manual duplicating machines, and people did not see the need for an electronic machine. Between 1939 and 1944, Carlson was turned down by over 20 companies, including IBM and General Electric—neither of which believed there was a significant market for copiers.", "precise_score": 6.392712116241455, "rough_score": 3.6937367916107178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Photocopier" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "In October 1937 Chester Carlson, a patent attorney in New York, invented a process called electro photography. In 1938, this was renamed Xerography and the first known photocopy was the \"10-22-38 Astoria\". The Xerography copying process went on to become one of the most well known inventions of the 20th century. Carlson received world acclaim and became extremely wealthy as his invention created a billion-dollar industry. It is estimated that Carlson gave away almost $100 million to charity and foundations before his death in 1968.", "precise_score": 8.408754348754883, "rough_score": 8.0867280960083, "source": "search", "title": "History of the Photocopier Machine - Photocopier & Print News" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Chester Carlson invented photocopying. catwalker / Shutterstock.com", "precise_score": 7.161582946777344, "rough_score": 0.5652209520339966, "source": "search", "title": "Who Invented the Photocopying Machine? | Pitara Kids Network" }, { "answer": "Chester F. Carlson", "passage": "The first experimental electrostatic photocopy was made by Chester F. Carlson in 1938. Carlson patented the xerography process, which was further developed by the Battelle Memorial Institute and the Haloid Co. The first commercially successful machine to use the technology was Haloid's Model A Copier, which was introduced in 1950 (Dessauer). The Model A was not a plain paper copying machine. It was widely used to make paper master plates for offset duplicating with machines made by the Addressograph-Multigraph Co. and others. The Haloid Co. was renamed Haloid-Xerox Inc. in 1958. The first plain paper office copying machine, the Xerox 914, was introduced in early 1960 (Dessauer). The Xerox 914 produced 400 copies an hour. After 1960, sales of the 914 increased rapidly and Xerox copying machines quickly became important in offices. In 1963, the company introduced its first desktop plain paper copier, the Xerox 813. In 1965, the company introduced the Xerox 2400, a large machine that produced 2400 copies an hour. (For a history, see Dessauer 1971 and Owen 2004.)", "precise_score": 5.242574691772461, "rough_score": 5.761898040771484, "source": "search", "title": "Copying Machines - Office Museum" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "CAPS: Carlson, Chester Carlson, Paul Selenyi, Otto Kornei, Battelle Memorial Institute, Haloid,  ARY. xerography, copier, Xerox machine, photocopy, office copier, instant copies, SIP, history, biography, inventor, inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating facts. The Story:", "precise_score": -0.09790963679552078, "rough_score": -1.9864757061004639, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Chester Carlson Biography - The Great Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "The year was 1937. And a patent attorney in New York by the name of Chester Carlson, also a part-time researcher and inventor, invented a process called �electrophotography�.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.616100311279297, "source": "search", "title": "Photocopiers - A Brief History" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "During the 20th century, the Xerography copying process became one of the most well-known inventions, and Chester Carlson received worldwide acclaim. He became extremely wealthy, as his invention created the billion-dollar copier industry. Before his death in 1968, it has been estimated that Carlson gave away almost $100 million to various charities and foundations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.466166973114014, "source": "search", "title": "Photocopiers - A Brief History" }, { "answer": "Chester F. Carlson", "passage": "However, when the invention was first patented, nobody wanted anything to do with it. Major corporations like IBM, Kodak and General Electric rejected the offer to develop it, perhaps regretting the decision to this day! However, the blood, sweat, and tears of its inventor, Chester F. Carlson did not go wasted, as the success of the machine proves today!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.729738235473633, "source": "search", "title": "Who Invented the Photocopying Machine? | Pitara Kids Network" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Chester Carlson, the inventor of this machine was born on February 8, 1906 in Seattle but grew up in California. In 1930, he received his degree in Physics from California Institute of Technology.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.646279335021973, "source": "search", "title": "Who Invented the Photocopying Machine? | Pitara Kids Network" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "In 1938, Chester Carlson applied for a patent that used a concept known as electrophotography. He took a zinc plate covered with sulfur. When an image was placed under a bright light and electrified, it left a copy of the image.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.661852836608887, "source": "search", "title": "Who Invented the Photocopy Machine? | eHow" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Inventor Chester Carlson Biography", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.555068969726562, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Chester Carlson Biography - The Great Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Chester F. Carlson", "passage": "Chester F. Carlson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.197410583496094, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Chester Carlson Biography - The Great Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Chester F. Carlson", "passage": "1906 Chester F. Carlson born February 8, in Seattle, Washington", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.147748947143555, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Chester Carlson Biography - The Great Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "1968 Chester Carlson dies in Rochester, NY from a heart attack", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391386985778809, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Chester Carlson Biography - The Great Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "The astounding success of xerography is all the more remarkable because it was given little hope of surviving its infancy. For years, it seemed to be an invention nobody wanted. To know why it eventually prevailed is to understand the mind of Chester Carlson. For xerography, and the man who invented it, were both the products of hardship and travail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.45491886138916, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Chester Carlson Biography - The Great Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Chester Carlson was born in Seattle on February 8, 1906, the only child of an itinerant barber. The family settled in San Bernardino, Calif., and at the age of fourteen, Carlson was working after school and on weekends as the chief support of his family. His father was crippled with arthritis and his mother died of tuberculosis when he was seventeen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.177358627319336, "source": "search", "title": "Inventor Chester Carlson Biography - The Great Idea Finder" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Chester Carlson and the History of Xerox Photocopiers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9987592697143555, "source": "search", "title": "Chester Carlson and the History of Xerox Photocopiers" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "In 1937, the process called Xerography was invented by American law student Chester Carlson. Carlson had invented a copying process based on electrostatic energy. Xerography became commercially available in 1950 by the Xerox Corporation. Xerography comes from the Greek for \"dry writing\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.735975742340088, "source": "search", "title": "Chester Carlson and the History of Xerox Photocopiers" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Chester Carlson's Frustrations", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30180835723877, "source": "search", "title": "Chester Carlson and the History of Xerox Photocopiers" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Chester Carlson had been frustrated with the slow mimeograph machine and the cost of photography and that lead him to inventing a new way of copying. He invented an electrostatic process that reproduced words on a page in just minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.125594139099121, "source": "search", "title": "Chester Carlson and the History of Xerox Photocopiers" }, { "answer": "Chester Carlson", "passage": "Chester Carlson was both a research engineer and a patent attorney . He filed a patent application in April, 1939, stating, \"I knew I had a very big tiger by the tail.\" The Xerox Corporation trademarked the name \"Xerox\" and has protected the name carefully.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.615649223327637, "source": "search", "title": "Chester Carlson and the History of Xerox Photocopiers" } ]

[ { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XIXes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002, were a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated in February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City, United States. Approximately 2,400 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout 165 sporting sessions. The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC). Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games, and the 2002 Winter Olympics are the most recent games to be held in the United States.", "precise_score": 10.605801582336426, "rough_score": 8.443448066711426, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The opening ceremony was held on February 8, 2002, and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24, 2002. Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen, and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters. Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics, although the two subsequent host cities' populations were larger. Following a trend, the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games, with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan; this became a trend with more and more events held in subsequent Games.", "precise_score": 9.014188766479492, "rough_score": 7.113081455230713, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The 2002 Winter Olympics were held in Salt Lake City, United States, hosting 77 nations and 2,399 athletes in 78 events in 7 sports. These games were the first to take place since 11 September 2001, which meant a higher degree of security to avoid a terrorist attack. The opening ceremonies of the games saw signs of the aftermath of the events of that day, including the flag that flew at Ground Zero, NYPD officer Daniel Rodríguez singing \"God Bless America\", and honor guards of NYPD and FDNY members.", "precise_score": 10.829304695129395, "rough_score": 8.29824447631836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winter Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City were an astounding success. Now, Utah residents and visitors alike can enjoy Olympic legacy facilities — Utah Olympic Park, Soldier Hollow and Utah Olympic Oval — which offer an array of activities for people of all ages, abilities and aspirations. Whether you are a recreational enthusiast, developing athlete, spectator or tourist, we encourage you to \"Get Up & Go!\" for a unique Olympic experience. Read more...", "precise_score": 9.313429832458496, "rough_score": 6.651620864868164, "source": "search", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics | Utah.com" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The 2002 Winter Games were held in Salt Lake City and the surrounding Wasatch Mountain communities, where the Olympic Legacy thrives today.", "precise_score": 10.688785552978516, "rough_score": 9.140835762023926, "source": "search", "title": "Utah Olympic Legacy | 2002 Olympic Winter Games | Salt ..." }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The Summer and Winter Games were traditionally held in the same year, but because of the increasing size of both Olympics, the Winter Games were shifted to a different schedule after 1992. They were held in Lillehammer, Norway in 1994, in Nagano, Japan in 1998, in Salt Lake City, Utah in 2002, in Turin, Italy in 2006, and in 2010, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ", "precise_score": 7.85655403137207, "rough_score": 8.868927001953125, "source": "search", "title": "The History of the Olympic Games | Scholastic.com" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "Salt Lake City was chosen over Québec City, Canada, Sion, Switzerland, and Östersund, Sweden, on June 16, 1995, at the 104th IOC Session in Budapest, Hungary. Salt Lake City had previously come in second during the bids for the 1998 Winter Olympics, awarded to Nagano, Japan, and had offered to be the provisional host of the 1976 Winter Olympics when the original host, Denver, Colorado, withdrew. The 1976 Winter Olympics were ultimately awarded to Innsbruck, Austria.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7297286987304688, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "A total 78 National Olympic Committees sent athletes to the Salt Lake City games. Cameroon, Hong Kong (China), Nepal, Tajikistan, and Thailand participated in their first Winter Olympic Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.06988649070262909, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "While there was a lot of international sympathy for the US in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, there were complaints that the Games were being conducted in an overtly patriotic manner. President Bush received some criticism for departing from the Olympic charter by extending the declaration to open the Games, saying \"On behalf of a proud, determined and grateful nation\" before the traditional formula, \"I declare open the Games of Salt Lake City\". In addition, the President opened the Games standing among the US athletes, while previous heads of state opened the Games from an official box. NBC's Bob Costas applauded the move during the network's coverage of the Opening Ceremony.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.87904167175293, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The 2002 Olympic Torch is modeled after an icicle, with a slight curve to represent speed and fluidity. The Torch measures 33 in long, 3 in wide at the top, at the bottom, and was designed by Axiom Design of Salt Lake City. It was created with three sections, each with its own meaning and representation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7095918655395508, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The Olympic Cauldron was designed with the official motto Light the Fire Within and the Fire and Ice theme in mind. It was designed to look like an icicle, and was made of glass which allowed the fire to be seen burning within. The actual glass cauldron stands atop a twisting glass and steel support, is 12 ft high, and the flame within burns at 900 F. Together with its support the cauldron stands 117 ft tall and was made of 738 individual pieces of glass. Small jets send water down the glass sides of the cauldron, both to keep the glass and metal cooled (so they would not crack or melt), and to give the effect of melting ice. The cauldron was designed by WET Design of Los Angeles, its frame built by Arrow Dynamics of Clearfield, Utah, and its glass pieces created by Western Glass of Ogden, Utah. The cauldron's cost was 2 million dollars, and it was unveiled to the public during its original install at Rice-Eccles Stadium (2002 Olympic Stadium) on January 8, 2002. Following the completion of the 2002 Winter Olympics the cauldron was installed at the permanent Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park, next the 2002 Olympic Stadium in Salt Lake City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.012700080871582, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "A second Olympic cauldron burned at the Awards Plaza in downtown Salt Lake City during the games. It was known as the Hero's Cauldron and was in the backdrop of every awards ceremony. This was the first time two cauldrons were used during the same Olympic Games. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.472951889038086, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "Public transportation has expanded greatly due to hosting the Olympics. The biggest project that has been completed is TRAX (light rail) which is used by many locals to this day. Other expansions include widened freeways and roadways throughout the city. TRAX also includes a line that has now extended to the airport making transit easier for tourists and visitors. One article from the Salt Lake Tribune states that 37% of locals use the trax to commute daily while 25% of travelers within the city use this service. This is a direct result of holding the games in Salt Lake City and just one of the many positive economic effects on the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.076983451843262, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "Basically, the immigration rate was even larger because the employees immigrated with their families. The additional people paid diverse taxes and fees from their income that created additional revenue on the state and local levels. It is necessary to stress that there was some out-migration after the end of the Games and it is possible to illustrate by seeing the population effect of broadcasters. Before the Games, several hundred highly qualified, professional employees relocated to Salt Lake City to arrange the television broadcasting of the Games, but after it, they removed equipment and left for another project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407942771911621, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "This loosening of laws lowered the bar for entry into a bar in Salt Lake City. Changing demographics, due in large part to the Olympics, disrupted the number of people looking to drink as more non-Mormons began to settle in Utah. Travelers have also increased due to the Olympics and account for a share of the increase in liquor sales since the games. According to The Salt Lake Tribune: sales at Utah's 125 liquor outlets shows a 153 percent increase in liquor sales since 2002, from $156.2 million to $396 million. Even adjusted for inflation, sales have nearly doubled, and per capita spending on alcohol has grown by more than 50 percent. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.123650550842285, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "Bribery to bring the games to Salt Lake City ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433116912841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "In 1998, several IOC members were forced to resign after it was uncovered that they had accepted bribes from Salt Lake Bid Committee co-heads Tom Welch and Dave Johnson in return for voting for Salt Lake City to hold the Games. In response to the scandal and a financial shortfall for the games, Mitt Romney, then CEO of the private equity firm Bain Capital (and future presidential candidate), was hired as the new President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, leaving him and IOC President Dr. Jacques Rogge to contend with the public outcry and financial mess. Romney, Kem C. Gardner, a Utah commercial real estate developer, and Don Stirling, the Olympics' local marketing chief, raised \"millions of dollars from Mormon families with pioneer roots: the Eccles family, whose forebears were important industrialists and bankers\" to help rescue the games, according to a later report. An additional $410 million was received from the federal government. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.947256088256836, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "According to the Wall Street Journal, the FBI and NSA arranged with Qwest Communications to use intercept equipment for a period of less than six months around the time of the 2002 Winter Olympics. The agencies monitored the content of all email and text communications in the Salt Lake City area. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.696556568145752, "source": "wiki", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The 1976 Winter Olympics had been awarded in 1970 to Denver, United States, but in November 1972 the voters of the state of Colorado voted against public funding of the games by a 3 to 2 margin. The IOC turned to offer the Games to Vancouver-Garibaldi, British Columbia, which had been a candidate for the 1976 Games. However, a change in provincial government brought in an administration which did not support the Olympic bid, so the offer was rejected. Salt Lake City, a candidate for the 1972 Games, offered itself, but the IOC opted to ask Innsbruck, which had maintained most of the infrastructure from the 1964 Games. With half the time to prepare for the Games as intended, Innsbruck accepted the invitation to replace Denver in February 1973. Two Olympic flames were lit because it was the second time the Austrian town had hosted the Games. The 1976 Games featured the first combination bobsleigh and luge track, in neighbouring Igls. The Soviet Union won its fourth consecutive ice hockey gold medal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9369885921478271, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winter Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The process for awarding host city honours came under intense scrutiny after Salt Lake City had been awarded the right to host the 2002 Games. Soon after the host city had been announced it was discovered that the organisers had engaged in an elaborate bribery scheme to curry favour with IOC officials. Gifts and other financial considerations were given to those who would evaluate and vote on Salt Lake City's bid. These gifts included medical treatment for relatives, a college scholarship for one member's son and a land deal in Utah. Even IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch received two rifles valued at $2,000. Samaranch defended the gift as inconsequential since, as president, he was a non-voting member.Cashmore (2005), p. 444 The subsequent investigation uncovered inconsistencies in the bids for every Games (both summer and winter) since 1988. For example, the gifts received by IOC members from the Japanese Organising Committee for Nagano's bid for the 1998 Winter Olympics were described by the investigation committee as \"astronomical\". Although nothing strictly illegal had been done, the IOC feared that corporate sponsors would lose faith in the integrity of the process and that the Olympic brand would be tarnished to such an extent that advertisers would begin to pull their support. The investigation resulted in the expulsion of 10 IOC members and the sanctioning of another 10. New terms and age limits were established for IOC membership, and 15 former Olympic athletes were added to the committee. Stricter rules for future bids were imposed, with ceilings imposed on the value of gifts IOC members could accept from bid cities. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.2533208429813385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Winter Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "Utah Olympic Legacy | 2002 Olympic Winter Games | Salt Lake City, Utah | Visit Utah", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.346331596374512, "source": "search", "title": "Utah Olympic Legacy | 2002 Olympic Winter Games | Salt ..." }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "When you visit Utah you'll find everything from Olympic-caliber downhill to the Fastest Ice on Earth at your fingertips, and it's all within an hour of Salt Lake City International Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.989538192749023, "source": "search", "title": "Utah Olympic Legacy | 2002 Olympic Winter Games | Salt ..." }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "Kearns, a suburb west of Salt Lake City, is the home to \"The Fastest Ice on Earth.\" The Utah Olympic Oval is where 8 out of 10 world speed skating records were shattered during the games. Today, anyone can lace up a pair of skates for a skate on the 400-meter track, take a class in figure skating or curling, and sit back to witness top athletes train to beat their personal bests. Call (801) 968-6825, or visit http://utaholympiclegacy.com/oval/ .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.885146141052246, "source": "search", "title": "Utah Olympic Legacy | 2002 Olympic Winter Games | Salt ..." }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "It all, Utah has 14 world-class ski resorts , 10 of which can be accessed in under an hour from Salt Lake City International Airport. For Olympians, the close proximity of Utah's Wasatch Front resorts and metropolitan corridor meant less time in transit between resorts, venues, lodging and world-class local dining. For you, it means a more enjoyable vacation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199580192565918, "source": "search", "title": "Utah Olympic Legacy | 2002 Olympic Winter Games | Salt ..." }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The biggest influence on the modern Olympic Games is money. Commercialism exists side by side with the outstanding athleticism and the spirit of friendship imbuing competitors from around the world. Since the 1984 Games in Los Angeles, it has become clear that a city hosting the Games can anticipate a financial windfall, as spectators and sponsors converge for the event. Because of the tremendous potential for profit, the process of selecting host cities has become politicized, and there is a large potential for corruption. In fact, a scandal erupted in late 1998, when it was found that promoters involved with Salt Lake City's (winning) bid for the 2002 Winter Games had bribed IOC members, who were forced to resign; the Nagano and Sydney bids were also under suspicion of bribery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8576087951660156, "source": "search", "title": "The History of the Olympic Games | Scholastic.com" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City were the first Olympic Games since the September 11, 2001 attacks. Olympic Games since then have required an extremely high degree of security due to the fear of possible terrorist activities. [32]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.637361526489258, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Games - Olympics Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "In 1998, it became known that several IOC members had taken bribes from the organising committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City , Utah , in exchange for a vote on the city at the election of the host city. The IOC started an investigation, which led to four members resigning and six being expelled. The scandal set off further reforms, changing the way in which host cities are elected to avoid further bribes. Also, more active and former athletes were allowed in the IOC, and the membership terms have been limited.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.215294361114502, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Games - Olympics Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Salt Lake City", "passage": "The same tournament format was used at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City , United States. The NHL's Olympic break did not start until the second week of the Games. Because the Olympics were in the United States, where the majority of NHL teams are located, teams participating in the preliminary tournament were allowed to use NHL players who were not obligated to play with their NHL club. [54] Slovakia was particularly affected by the inability to use all of its NHL players, and the team failed to advance to the final round. [49] Three months later, Slovakia won gold at the 2002 World Championships . [55] Finnish centre Raimo Helminen became the first ice hockey player to compete in six tournaments. [56] In the quarter-finals, Belarus defeated Sweden in one of the biggest upsets since the Miracle on Ice. [57] [58] The team advanced to the bronze medal game, but lost to Russia . [59] The Canadian team rebounded from a disappointing first round and defeated the American team in the gold medal game, winning their first Gold Medal in 50 years. [60]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.715221881866455, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Games - Ice Hockey Wiki - Wikia" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "\"Do not go gentle into that good night\" is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953). Though first published in the journal Botteghe Oscure in 1951, it was actually written in 1947 when he was in Florence with his family. It was published, along with other stories previously written, as part of his In Country Sleep, And Other Poems in 1952.", "precise_score": 9.6655912399292, "rough_score": 8.47990608215332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Do not go gentle into that good night" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night Poem by Dylan Thomas - Poem Hunter", "precise_score": 8.983251571655273, "rough_score": 7.803493499755859, "source": "search", "title": "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night - poemhunter.com" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night Poem by Dylan Thomas - Poem Hunter", "precise_score": 8.983251571655273, "rough_score": 7.803493499755859, "source": "search", "title": "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night - poemhunter.com" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night - Poem by Dylan Thomas", "precise_score": 9.305594444274902, "rough_score": 7.977785110473633, "source": "search", "title": "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night - poemhunter.com" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "\"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night\" is a poem written by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas. It was written by Thomas for his dying father and is still one of Thomas' most popular poems today.", "precise_score": 10.180191993713379, "rough_score": 8.887673377990723, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Do not go gentle into that good night – Dylan Thomas", "precise_score": 8.45022201538086, "rough_score": 7.771539688110352, "source": "search", "title": "Do not go gentle into that good night – Dylan Thomas ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Thomas 's most famous poem, known by its first line \"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,\" is also the most famous example of the poetic form known as the villanelle. (See \"Rhyme, Form, and Meter\" for an explanation of the villanelle.) Yet, the poem's true importance lies not in its fame, but in the raw power of the emotions underlying it. Thomas uses the poem to address his dying father, lamenting his father's loss of health and strength, and encouraging him to cling to life. The urgency of the speaker's tone has kept the poem among the world's most-read works in English for more than half a century.", "precise_score": 8.876871109008789, "rough_score": 7.521651744842529, "source": "search", "title": "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night - Shmoop" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "* It was used as the text for the 1954 In Memoriam Dylan Thomas (Dirge-Canons and Song) for tenor and chamber ensemble, by Igor Stravinsky. The piece was written soon after Thomas' death and first performed in 1954. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.961575508117676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Do not go gentle into that good night" }, { "answer": "Dylan Marlais Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Marlais Thomas was born on October 27, 1914, in Swansea, South Wales. His father was an English Literature professor at the local grammar school and would often recite Shakespeare to Thomas before he could read. He loved the sounds of nursery rhymes, foreshadowing his love for the rhythmic ballads of Gerard Manley Hopkins , W. B.  Yeats , and Edgar Allan  Poe . Although both of his parents spoke fluent Welsh, Thomas and his older sister never learned the language, and Thomas wrote exclusively in English.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.082913398742676, "source": "search", "title": "Do not go gentle into that good night | Academy of ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "In 1947 Thomas was awarded a Traveling Scholarship from the Society of Authors. He took his family to Italy, and while in Florence, he wrote In Country Sleep, And Other Poems (Dent, 1952), which includes his most famous poem,  \"Do not go gentle into that good night.\"  When they returned to Oxfordshire, Thomas began work on three film scripts for Gainsborough Films. The company soon went bankrupt, and Thomas's scripts, \"Me and My Bike,\" \"Rebecca's Daughters,\" and \"The Beach at Falesa,\" were made into films. They were later collected in Dylan Thomas: The Filmscripts (JM Dent & Sons, 1995).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.374789714813232, "source": "search", "title": "Do not go gentle into that good night | Academy of ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Thomas, 1914 - 1953", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.359770774841309, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Thomas published this powerful poem in 1951, and wrote these words as his father was going blind. The dying of the light is a reference to darkness -- actually losing sight -- and ultimately failing health, and the painful inevitability of death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.64858627319336, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Thomas is writing about his Father’s loss of sight and impending sickness, and in turn, his own relationship with his father and his own death. Dylan Thomas's father died in 1952, and tragically, Dylan Thomas himself died just a year later in in 1953.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.122361183166504, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Thomas was a heavy drinker and he suffered from alcoholism, dying at just 39. History has Dylan Thomas dying from drink. But a new theory suggests that his death was caused by his doctor who, \"failed to diagnose pneumonia and treated poet for alcoholic condition.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.68012809753418, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "This for me is one of the most powerful poems ever written. The question of death in old age is raised, but the focus is the grief and selfishness of suffering children, facing the approaching death of a parent; in this case Dylan Thomas forced to confront the terminal death of his father. Children desire parents to live longer because of the love friendship and need, they still feel for their parents, and the desire they feel for their parents to remain in their lives. The fear and pain they will suffer with their parents' eventual death is intensified, in the title theme and lines of 'Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.328726291656494, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Their frail deeds with health and strength failing; mean we at this time face a final separation with them in life, but though they were ordinary and achieved no great fame, if we loved them intensely we must suffer the agony of knowing and watching death, consume the last embers of their lives. 'Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night' by Dylan Thomas, is a brilliant emotional poem for me and will always rank among my favourite poems", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.243581771850586, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "The final stanza is a bit misleading; Dylan Thomas' father didn't die until five years after the poem was written. The two lines that keep getting repeated throughout the poem on alternating stanzas, \"Do not go gentle into that good night\" and \"rage, rage against the dying of the light\" are paired at the end. They both occur in the first stanza, but in the first stanza, they make up the first and third lines, while in the final stanza, they make up the last two lines. The separation between those two lines, and the way they keep alternating, builds up a tension throughout the poem that reaches a final resolution with their subsequent pairing in the last stanza, and it lands, as it were, with a dull thud.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.040686130523682, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "I don't understand why this poem means so much to me. I don't know much about Dylan Thomas or his life. And I don't like many of his other poems, besides In My Craft Or Sullen Art and And Death Shall Have No Dominion. But this poem, when I first read it, pulled on heartstrings that I didn't even know I had.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.170507431030273, "source": "search", "title": "What's the meaning of the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Thomas - Do Not Go Gentle Into that Good Night", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.339727401733398, "source": "search", "title": "Dylan Thomas - Do Not Go Gentle Into that Good Night" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Thomas —", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272422790527344, "source": "search", "title": "Dylan Thomas - Do Not Go Gentle Into that Good Night" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Do not go gentle into that good night – Dylan Thomas | TeacherBentley.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.960808753967285, "source": "search", "title": "Do not go gentle into that good night – Dylan Thomas ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Home › Poetry Blog › Do not go gentle into that good night – Dylan Thomas", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.185300350189209, "source": "search", "title": "Do not go gentle into that good night – Dylan Thomas ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night” by Dylan Thomas", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4908904433250427, "source": "search", "title": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Home » Literature » Poetry » Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night” by Dylan Thomas", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6972795724868774, "source": "search", "title": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night” by Dylan Thomas", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4908904433250427, "source": "search", "title": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "In this analysis of “Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” by Dylan Thomas, it will be explored how this is a poem that explores the helplessness associated with growing old and inching toward death. There are six stanzas in “Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” by Dylan Thomas with a simple rhyme structure that belies the complex message of the poem. In general, it is clear that this is a poem about death and dying but when examined closer, it becomes apparent that it is also about life and how it is lived. Through the structure of “Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” by Dylan Thomas as well as the use and choice of language that invokes certain images and employs certain techniques that arouse deep imagery/", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3213691711425781, "source": "search", "title": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "The speaker of the poem “Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” by Dylan Thomas seems to think it is not honorable or befitting for a great or interesting man to die quietly in old age and he encourages the reader to think that death is something that should be fought rather than mutely accepted. Interestingly, this poem can be divided into three parts, the first of which acts as an introduction to the speaker’s message. This is followed by four stanzas that offer examples of what he is expressing followed by the last stanza, the third part, in which the tone becomes far more personal as the speaker talks about his father. In many ways, one could read this poem and provide the suggestion in an analysis of “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night” saying it is as a statement about living a strong life and refusing to go down quietly just as easily as it can be read as a poem about death and the process of dying or aging.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0187108516693115, "source": "search", "title": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "When the speaker of “Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” by Dylan Thomas states in the second line of the first stanza, “Old age should burn and rave at the close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of that light” he is expressing the idea that moving toward death should not be something we do in a resigned way, but rather that we should fight it and go out in a blaze of glory. When he says, “rage, rage against the dying of the light” it is clear that the dying light is means darkness, which is a metaphor for death and that in old age, we should “burn” with life, which brings to mind images of brightness, light, and life. This first stanza almost acts as something of a thesis statement for the rest of the poem since it clearly defines and outlines the speaker’s beliefs about aging and death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.6612932682037354, "source": "search", "title": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "The second stanza of them poem “Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” by Dylan Thomas is a departure from the first as it is less broad. At the beginning of this stanza the speaker states, “Though wise men at their end know dark is right” he is telling us that a wise man (presumably an old man) knows that death is approaching and that it should be accepted as a fact. He follows that statement up with, “because their words had forked no lightning they / do not go gentle into that good night” which expresses the speaker’s sentiment that they have a lived a long life but are now powerless, even if words were once their greatest ally. This desire to be known, heard, and understood means that they are likely to fight death, perhaps because they feel there is yet more to do. These ideas are echoed in the next two stanzas as the speaker discusses “good men” who cry “how bright their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay” as well as “Grave men, near death who see with blinding sight / Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay” and how men who lived such full lives still rage against the “dying light” because they see their lives could have been more. Even men who were once wild such as those referred to in the third stanza realize too late the meaning of their lives and as a result should not fade away. The speaker encourages men such as these to rage against death simply because they are too special in one way or another to go gently into the “night” of death, which is the meaning of “Do Not Go Gentle”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.250306606292725, "source": "search", "title": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "The poem “Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” by Dylan Thomas becomes intensely personal in the last stanza as the author recalls his father and tells him, “curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray” which means that he wants his father to burn with feeling and emotion while he still can, even if he curses his son—so long as he does not die with putting up a fight. While the poem addresses many types of men, the fact that it ends with his father shows that the speaker thinks of his father not as the grave, wild, or good men discussed previously, but that he is a category by himself. The fact that the speaker is not concerned with whether or not his father curses or blesses him shows that he is not necessarily concerned with what his father had to say, but only that he did not fade quietly into death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0939521789550781, "source": "search", "title": "Poem Analysis of “Do Not Go Gently into That Good Night ..." }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Thomas was an introverted, passionate, lyrical writer (lyrical = a kind of poem or work that expresses personal feelings) who felt disconnected from the major literary movement of his day – the high modernism of T.S. Eliot and Wallace Stevens . Thomas was born in Wales in the year that World War I began, 1914, and his reactions to the events of the two World Wars strongly influenced his writing. His first book of poetry made him instantly famous at the age of twenty. Thomas embraced fame in much the same way that another passionate poet, Lord Byron , had done two hundred years earlier – by adopting wild rock-star behavior and intense displays of feeling, especially in his public poetry readings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.79288387298584, "source": "search", "title": "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night - Shmoop" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Thomas - Poet | Academy of American Poets", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402681350708008, "source": "search", "title": "Dylan Thomas - Poet | Academy of American Poets" }, { "answer": "Dylan Marlais Thomas", "passage": "Dylan Marlais Thomas was born on October 27, 1914, in Swansea, South Wales. His father was an English Literature professor at the local grammar school and would often recite Shakespeare to Thomas before he could read. He loved the sounds of nursery rhymes, foreshadowing his love for the rhythmic ballads of Gerard Manley Hopkins , W. B.  Yeats , and Edgar Allan  Poe . Although both of his parents spoke fluent Welsh, Thomas and his older sister never learned the language, and Thomas wrote exclusively in English.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.082913398742676, "source": "search", "title": "Dylan Thomas - Poet | Academy of American Poets" }, { "answer": "Dylan Thomas", "passage": "In 1947 Thomas was awarded a Traveling Scholarship from the Society of Authors. He took his family to Italy, and while in Florence, he wrote In Country Sleep, And Other Poems (Dent, 1952), which includes his most famous poem,  \"Do not go gentle into that good night.\"  When they returned to Oxfordshire, Thomas began work on three film scripts for Gainsborough Films. The company soon went bankrupt, and Thomas's scripts, \"Me and My Bike,\" \"Rebecca's Daughters,\" and \"The Beach at Falesa,\" were made into films. They were later collected in Dylan Thomas: The Filmscripts (JM Dent & Sons, 1995).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.374788761138916, "source": "search", "title": "Dylan Thomas - Poet | Academy of American Poets" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jennifer Morrow", "passage": "Jennifer, whose real name is Jennifer Morrow, produced her only child, Rohmer, late in life at the age of 48.", "precise_score": 4.219805717468262, "rough_score": 0.354677677154541, "source": "search", "title": "Jennifer Jason Leigh files for divorce just seven months ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"", "precise_score": 6.469898223876953, "rough_score": 5.256338119506836, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"" }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"", "precise_score": 6.469898223876953, "rough_score": 5.256338119506836, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"" }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"", "precise_score": 6.469898223876953, "rough_score": 5.256338119506836, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"" }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "Re: Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car&am", "precise_score": 5.718038558959961, "rough_score": 5.645556926727295, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"" }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "Alcorn claimed Barrow's saxophone from the car, but feeling guilty, later returned it to the Barrow family. Other personal items such as Parker's clothing were also taken, and when the Parker family asked for them back, they were refused. These items were later sold as souvenirs. A rumored suitcase full of cash was said by the Barrow family to have been kept by Sheriff Jordan, \"who soon after the ambush purchased an auction barn and land in Arcadia.\" Jordan also attempted to keep the death car for his own but found himself the target of a lawsuit by Ruth Warren of Topeka, the owner of the car from whom Barrow had stolen the vehicle on April 29; after considerable legal sparring and a court order, Jordan relented and the car was returned to Mrs. Warren in August 1934. It was still covered with blood and tissue. She had to pay an $85 towing and storage bill. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.247809410095215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "Legendary outlaw Clyde Barrow is remembered for his love of the Ford V-8, peach ice cream, and a certain female firearms enthusiast. Now, some 7 decades after they met their end in a fusillade of police bullets, their famous Death Car is revealed to have contained a C-melody saxophone among its arsenal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.25201061367988586, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"" }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "C melodies were known to be bullet proof. Now the F saxophone, well that's a different story. :A-Run:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.493002891540527, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"" }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "their famous Death Car is revealed to have contained a C-melody saxophone among its arsenal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.643001556396484, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\"" }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" [Archive] - Sax on the Web Forum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.19218635559082, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" [Archive ..." }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "Legendary outlaw Clyde Barrow is remembered for his love of the Ford V-8, peach ice cream, and a certain female firearms enthusiast. Now, some 7 decades after they met their end in a fusillade of police bullets, their famous Death Car is revealed to have contained a C-melody saxophone among its arsenal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.25201061367988586, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" [Archive ..." }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "C melodies were known to be bullet proof. Now the F saxophone, well that's a different story. :A-Run:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.493002891540527, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" [Archive ..." }, { "answer": "Saxophone", "passage": "their famous Death Car is revealed to have contained a C-melody saxophone among its arsenal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.643001556396484, "source": "search", "title": "Saxophone found in Bonnie & Clyde \"Death Car\" [Archive ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "After the tour, Dylan and his wife became estranged. He filled a small red notebook with songs about relationships and ruptures, and recorded an album entitled Blood on the Tracks in September 1974. Dylan delayed the release and re-recorded half the songs at Sound 80 Studios in Minneapolis with production assistance from his brother, David Zimmerman. ", "precise_score": 1.3503406047821045, "rough_score": -0.68755704164505, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bob Dylan" }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "If Bob Dylan 's 15th studio album must fit in a box, it's his confessional '70s-singer-songwriter record. Released on January 17, 1975 -- 40 years ago today -- Blood on the Tracks landed amid the dissolution of Dylan's marriage to his first wife, Sara, and with its sad, strummy songs about love gone awry, it has all the hallmarks of classic breakup album.", "precise_score": 4.714709281921387, "rough_score": 5.357823848724365, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan ‘Blood on the Tracks’ 40th Anniversary: Classic ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "In an archive piece taken from Uncut’s January 2005 issue (Take 92), we look back at Dylan in 1975, when he turned the crisis of a deteriorating relationship into one of rock’s most compelling dramas. This is the story of Blood On The Tracks, the album that marked the demise of Dylan’s marriage – and his artistic rebirth. Words: Nick Hasted", "precise_score": 5.129695415496826, "rough_score": 2.1868534088134766, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "In an archive piece taken from Uncut’s January 2005 issue (Take 92), we look back at Dylan in 1975, when he turned the crisis of a deteriorating relationship into one of rock’s most compelling dramas. This is the story of Blood On The Tracks, the album that marked the demise of Dylan’s marriage – and his artistic rebirth. Words: Nick Hasted", "precise_score": 5.129695415496826, "rough_score": 2.1868534088134766, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Twelve tracks were completed at these New York sessions, whittled down to 10 for the promo version of Blood On The Tracks pressed and sent to key radio stations in November, as Columbia prepared for its release on Christmas Day, 1974. This phantom album, which would never make it to the racks, was very different from the record Dylan would eventually sanction. And even at this stage, he was clearly worried by what such autobiographical insights might encourage in his troubled marriage. The relatively benign “Meet Me In The Morning” was chosen over the far more rancorous “Call Letter Blues”. The latter, finally released on 1991’s Bootleg Series box set, seethes with the guilt and bitterness of a man newly abandoned by his wife. Its pathetic domestic details can only come from life: “Well, your friends come by for you/I don’t know what to say,” Dylan complains. “I just can’t face up to tell ’em/Honey, you just went away.” And what would Sara have made of these lines, spat with gleeful venom?: “Well, children cry for mother/I tell them, ‘Mo-ther TOOK A TRIP.’” The song’s sensitivity is emphasised by the mysterious omission, as late as 2004’s definitive Bob Dylan Lyrics book, of its final verses, in which he watches his ex-partner with another man and considers “call-girls in the doorway/giving me the eye”. This long dark night of a divorcee’s soul, too much even for Dylan at his most exposed, was swiftly buried.", "precise_score": 1.555818796157837, "rough_score": -2.2145612239837646, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "The pain Blood On The Tracks describes didn’t end when the album was finished. A few months later, Bob and Sara tried to reconcile, making a strained joint appearance at a benefit concert. But when he holidayed in France to celebrate his 34th birthday, staying with artist David Oppenheim (who painted Blood On The Tracks’ back cover), Sara would not come. Dylan constantly rang her. He became “completely despairing, isolated, lost”, Oppenheim recalled. They drank and womanised themselves into oblivion, but Bob was in a bad way.", "precise_score": 1.1373995542526245, "rough_score": -1.5608309507369995, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Sara went on the tour to play both Dylan’s lover and a whore in the movie he planned to make around it, Renaldo And Clara. The torn feelings in this casting were played out nightly. Bob and Sara’s romance seemed rekindled at first. But Joan Baez wasn’t his only sometime lover on the road with them. Other girlfriends popped up at every stop and travelled openly with Dylan. Band members Scarlet Rivera (violinist on Desire) and Ronee Blakley were rumoured to be sleeping with him. Even a girl bizarrely employed to teach Bob tightrope-walking was soon in his bed. By the tour’s second half in 1976, Sara was an infrequent, glowering visitor. Baez once glimpsed Dylan kneeling before her, begging for forgiveness yet again. At other times, they had poisonous rows, in parking lots and motel rooms. Dylan, always a wine-drinker, switched to brandy. “Idiot Wind”, not “Sara”, was his song again now. At a televised gig in Colorado on his 35th birthday, with his wife and children watching, he sang it into a howling gale. Released on Hard Rain (1976), it beats even Blood On The Tracks’ version for paint-blistering bile.", "precise_score": -5.098791599273682, "rough_score": -4.68887996673584, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Released in early 1975, Blood on the Tracks received mixed reviews. In the NME, Nick Kent described \"the accompaniments [as] often so trashy they sound like mere practice takes.\"Heylin (2000), p. 383. In Rolling Stone, Jon Landau wrote that \"the record has been made with typical shoddiness.\" Over the years critics came to see it as one of Dylan's greatest achievements. In Salon.com, Bill Wyman wrote: \"Blood on the Tracks is his only flawless album and his best produced; the songs, each of them, are constructed in disciplined fashion. It is his kindest album and most dismayed, and seems in hindsight to have achieved a sublime balance between the logorrhea-plagued excesses of his mid-1960s output and the self-consciously simple compositions of his post-accident years.\" Novelist Rick Moody called it \"the truest, most honest account of a love affair from tip to stern ever put down on magnetic tape.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.54967737197876, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bob Dylan" }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "In April and May 1978, Dylan took the same band and vocalists into Rundown Studios in Santa Monica, California, to record an album of new material: Street-Legal. It was described by Michael Gray as, \"after Blood On The Tracks, arguably Dylan's best record of the 1970s: a crucial album documenting a crucial period in Dylan's own life\". However, it had poor sound and mixing (attributed to Dylan's studio practices), muddying the instrumental detail until a remastered CD release in 1999 restored some of the songs' strengths. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.990017890930176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bob Dylan" }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "*Blood on the Tracks (1975)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.358647346496582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bob Dylan" }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Bob Dylan ‘Blood on the Tracks’ 40th Anniversary: Classic Track-by-Track Album Review | Billboard", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.752727508544922, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan ‘Blood on the Tracks’ 40th Anniversary: Classic ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Blood on the Tracks teases with approachability. The emotion is so raw, so present, and yet it's safe to say no one really knows what Dylan is singing about.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.855155944824219, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan ‘Blood on the Tracks’ 40th Anniversary: Classic ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Whatever the truth is, there are certain indisputable facts. Blood on the Tracks marked Dylan's return to Columbia Records after two albums on Asylum, and it reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , leading many critics to call it a comeback -- not his first and certainly not his last. Also, the album comprises recordings made at two sessions: one in New York City with studio pros assembled by engineer Phil Ramone and a second in Minneapolis organized at the last minute by Bob's brother David.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.83590030670166, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan ‘Blood on the Tracks’ 40th Anniversary: Classic ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "A mini version of the cult devoted to Bob and the Band's storied Basement Tapes surrounds Blood on the Tracks, and four decades later, hardcore Dylanheads debate which versions, NYC or Minneapolis, are superior. One thing most folks agree on is that Blood on the Tracks is a special entry in Bob's canon. Whether inspired by an impending divorce or the work of a Russian dramatist, these 10 songs carry a lot of hurt. There's also humor, regret, anger, tenderness, and even a Wild West potboiler -- all accompanied by some of the prettiest music Dylan has put to tape.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.642924785614014, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan ‘Blood on the Tracks’ 40th Anniversary: Classic ..." }, { "answer": "You're Gonna Make Me Lonesome When You Go", "passage": "\"You're Gonna Make Me Lonesome When You Go\": The high harp and strolling bass signal new morning after the dark night of \"Idiot Wind,\" even if Dylan's amorous pursuits remain doomed. He's awestruck by this love he's about to lose, and in the fourth verse, he paints himself into a happy little nature scene the sun's about to set on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.81834602355957, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan ‘Blood on the Tracks’ 40th Anniversary: Classic ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "What exactly do we hope for from a new Dylan album these days? Well, if we’re honest, we wish there were less of them and we hope that they can be OK, with a couple of songs we might add to our playlist. It only takes him making something vaguely reminiscent of “Blood on the Tracks” for Rolling Stone to give it five stars. We desperately want to hang on to our Dylan persona, and we don’t want it replaced by a wiry old troubadour in a matador hat. Frankly, it is always more convenient if our heroes die relatively young. Well, old Bob is an inconvenient truth, and the truth is he doesn’t have what he had in 1965, or 1974. He knows it. We all saw that “60 Minutes” interview.  And much as we may have wanted him to, he doesn’t want to stop. So he finds ways to move forward. And his idea of a Bob Dylan for 2012 is pretty great, if you ask me.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.580445766448975, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan’s “Tempest”: Best album ever by 71-year-old ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s Blood On The Tracks - Uncut", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.509135246276855, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "But 30 years ago this month, in December 1974, Dylan was completing its true epitaph. Written during their first separation, Blood On The Tracks is one of the most truthful dissections of love gone wrong in rock history, by turns recriminatory, bitter and heartbroken. It is one of Dylan’s peaks, the record where his genius and frail humanity meet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.175602912902832, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "It comes at a cost. It is the culmination of eight years in which Dylan, settled with Sara and their children, tries to evade his fame and talent, seeking a series of bolt-holes across America where he can somehow be ordinary again. Trying hard to be a good husband, music ceases to matter. For three years in the early ’70s, he releases nothing at all. At one time rock’s untouchable king, he seems washed up. With awful irony, it takes his marriage smashing apart to rekindle his art. Blood On The Tracks is the record he pulls from the wreckage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.428938388824463, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Dylan retreated to a farm he’d just bought back in his home state, Minnesota, which he shared with his brother David. His new lover, Ellen Bernstein, visited for a while. Sara was rarely seen. In this bolt-hole, he began to write Blood On The Tracks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.424341201782227, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "The songs’ importance to him was shown by Blood On The Tracks’ unusually protracted recording, using three sets of musicians in two states, in sessions spread over three months. It still only took six days in all. But for a man who created the classic John Wesley Harding in six hours, that was a marathon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20621109008789, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "When the Blood On The Tracks sessions began, though, on September 12, Dylan’s mood was unaccountably slapdash, even for him. The first musicians were chosen by chance when producer Phil Ramone, pacing nervously outside New York’s Columbia Studio, bumped into guitarist Eric Weissberg of crack session band Deliverance (Weissberg had made his name with the “Duelling Banjos” sequence of John Boorman’s film). Ramone told Weissberg that Dylan was due that evening, but hadn’t bothered to book a band. Deliverance filled in at Ramone’s request. But the Dylan who arrived that night was skittish, with nerves, excitement – or maybe just the red wine he was gulping like water.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.559574127197266, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "David convinced his brother there was no need for a desperate flight back to New York. He had worked in Minnesota’s music industry for years, and had all the contacts they would need. On December 27, Minneapolis’ Sound 80 studio was booked for a swiftly assembled group of crack local musicians. The introverted Dylan only spoke to these strangers through David at first. But when they kicked into “Idiot Wind”, Blood On The Tracks finally fell into place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.064574241638184, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Dylan broke for the weekend, returning on December 30, 1974. He brought his children with him. Their reaction removed any doubt that Blood On The Tracks was, as Jakob Dylan would later claim, “my parents talking”. The holiday atmosphere chilled as Dad started to sing “You’re A Big Girl Now” and “If You See Her, Say Hello” – taken to be heart-broken farewells to Sara. “It was a little down,” said bassist Billy Petersen. “The sentiment was a little heavy.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.476361274719238, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Blood On The Tracks was finally released on January 20, 1975, split 50/50 between the New York and Minnesota sessions. Despite the emotional devastation that inspired it, the album Dylan had created was not a maudlin tearjerker, or pure sobbing confession. It was a balanced masterpiece – “Idiot Wind” bracketed by the softer sentiments of “You’re A Big Girl Now” and “You’re Gonna Make Me Lonesome When You Go”. The latter, allegedly written about Ellen Bernstein after her visit the previous summer, may have secretly twisted the knife into Sara. But when “Shelter From The Storm”, a plea for salvation from an old lover, is tallied, the album becomes a rounded, mature picture of love in crisis. Amusing and dramatic, too – not least on “Lily, Rosemary And The Jack Of Hearts”, a tense western epic in 16 verses, as astonishing as the heart-breakers around it. And Dylan’s performances were as powerful and perfectly judged as any he’d ever given. After trying to disappear for eight years, trauma had stripped his genius bare.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.066488742828369, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Back in 1975, though, he was more honest, when a radio interviewer said she’d enjoyed the record. “A lot of people tell me they enjoyed that album,” he snapped. “It’s hard for me to relate to people enjoying that kind of pain.” Whatever their motives, a million Americans had bought Blood On The Tracks by March ’75. It went to No 1 (No 4 in the UK), for a while even fending off Bruce Springsteen’s Born To Run. His family’s collapse had saved his career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.264123916625977, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "That take of “Sara” became Desire’s last track. Other songs, “Isis” especially, and the album’s mood of joyous release, suggested Blood On the Tracks had only been a bleak interlude. But the Rolling Thunder tour that rumbled through 1975-6 proved its dark insights were only too true.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.269253730773926, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Dylan and Sara were never close again. But her part in his music carried on. In 1977, while visiting Rolling Thunder tour-mates Steven Soles and T-Bone Burnett, he played a set of songs too frightening to ever be heard again: like Blood On The Tracks 2, with the love torn out. “They were all very, very, very tough, dark, dark, dark songs,” Soles told Howard Sounes. “None of them saw the light of day. They got discarded because I think they were too strong. They were the continuation of the Bob and Sara tale, on the angry side of that conflict.” One of these blackest of tracks, “I’m Cold”, scared Soles. “It was scathing and tough and venomous. A song that would bring a chill to your bones. That’s what it did to me. T-Bone and I, when he left, our mouths were just wide open. We couldn’t even believe what we’d heard.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.862819671630859, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "Dylan’s last official word on Sara, Street-Legal (1978), was a more chastened affair. In too ragged a state to craft Blood On The Tracks’ true sequel, “Where Are You Tonight? (Journey Through Dark Heat)”, swirling with images of betrayal, sorrow and corruption, was at least a worthy coda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.781291961669922, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "The so-called Alimony Tour (1978), though, his divorce’s final fall-out, saw Dylan widely ridiculed. The career Blood On The Tracks had saved soon went into a long tailspin – two dark decades where he once more seemed washed up. But the emotional honesty its painful making had wrenched from him lingered. His most recent revival, Time Out Of Mind (1997), is a death-haunted old man’s companion piece to Blood On The Tracks’ thirtysomething blues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.022888660430908, "source": "search", "title": "Shelter From The Storm – the inside story of Bob Dylan’s ..." }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "So here he is once more — but who is he? A divorced father of five (one is his ex-wife Sara's daughter, whom he adopted), Dylan divides his time among California, where he owns a sprawling, eccentric heap of a house; Minnesota, where he maintains a farm; and the Caribbean, where he island-hops on a quarter-million-dollar boat. While in New York — a city to which he soon hopes to relocate again — he caught a gig by his former keyboardist, Al Kooper, dropped in on a recording session for ex-J. Geils Band singer Peter Wolf and hung out with old pals Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood of the Rolling Stones . Despite his spiritual preoccupations, he insists that he's no prude (\"I think I had a beer recently\") and that his religious odyssey has been misrepresented in the press. Although he contends he doesn't own any of his song-publishing rights prior to 1974's Blood on the Tracks (\"That's Keith's favorite\"), he is probably quite well-off — \"Some years are better than others\" is all he'll say on the subject — and is known to be extraordinarily generous to good friends in need. He apparently does not envision any future retirement from music. When I asked if he thought he'd painted his masterpiece yet, he said, \"I hope I never do.\" His love life — he's been linked in the past with singer Clydie King, among others — remains a closed book.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.583113193511963, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan, Recovering Christian | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "ok, here we have it! Bob Dyaln ryhming up a storm.... from the quiet acoutic sound of Love Minus Zero/No Limit to the rock 'n' roll fury of Homesick Blues to the hilarious Bob Dylan's 115th Dream. This is an excellent Dylan album but the song-writing is not as grand as on Highway 61 Revisited, Blonde On Blonde, and Blood On The Tracks..... it is still an entertaining album.... far better than many. Love Minus Zero/No Limit seems to be a bit of an unsung Dylan classic.... I give it a 9.5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.861746311187744, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan | Adrian's Album Reviews" }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "How is it that I really enjoyed this album on first album and I still cannot warm up to Blood On The Tracks afer repeated listenings? Now if I made a list of my favorite albums it would include many Bob Dylan albums but not the hugely acclaimed Blood...., wow, this makes me a bit upset. Damn! I'll give it a listen in a few months or so... Back to Blonde On Blonde, this is absolutely excellent... 10/10", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2794108390808105, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan | Adrian's Album Reviews" }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "This is Dylan�s �Blue�, the one most people would think of first in a game of �album association�, and possibly the most consistently highly rated. No, thinking about it that�s probably Blood on the Tracks, but not for me anyway. ( Even the stories about Blonde are great, whether they�re true or not; keeping the Nashville Cats hanging around in the studio while he finished some of the songs etc.) As a collection it totally hangs together; apart from the dreadful Sad Eyed Lady of course which is in a class of it�s own, and unfortunately I don�t mean that in a good way. It�s at the end though so you�ve got all the rest to listen to before skipping. You�ve guessed! it�s not one of my favourites but I completely accept that quite a large number do rate it most highly, including Bob himself I�m told. My stand-outs are the aching,breaking Visions of Johanna; the crazy, frustrated rocker Stuck Inside of Mobile � I wanna build a fire on Main Street and shoot it full of ho! les someday; the hugely humorous blues Leapord-Skin Pill Box Hat; and the playful, rockers Absolutely Sweet Marie, Obviously 5 Believers. But the rest are by no means second class or fillers and Blonde is definitely a case of the whole being greater than the sum of it�s parts. Taken as a whole it�s a classic, a reference point in popular music, and a record I will never tire of hearing. Would it be the one I couldn�t do without ? On most days yes, I love the whirling stream of music and lyrics, you can look on the surface or you can look into the depths. I guess that must mean a ten.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.921247959136963, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan | Adrian's Album Reviews" }, { "answer": "Blood On The Tracks", "passage": "you seem to know your stuff about dylan there's only like 4 albums i need to complete his whole collection however you were very un fair to albums planet waves knocked out loaded and quite a few others i think you should listen to them again i was happy you gave self portrait a good review as its a great album and agree totally what you said about belle isle and days of 49 2 amazing songs and some of dylans finest stuff you shouldve gave another side of and blood on the tracks 9 and a half and blonde on blonde a ten cause it is perfection and another side of and blood on the tracks are the only 2 that come close to it", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.726207733154297, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan | Adrian's Album Reviews" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dreams", "passage": "The two most successful periods for the band were during the late 1960s British blues boom, when they were led by guitarist Peter Green and achieved a UK number one with \"Albatross\"; and from 1975 to 1987, as a more pop-oriented act, featuring Christine McVie, Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks. Fleetwood Mac's second album after the incorporation of Buckingham and Nicks, 1977's Rumours, produced four U.S. Top 10 singles (including Nicks' song \"Dreams\"), and remained at No. 1 on the American albums chart for 31 weeks, as well as reaching the top spot in various countries around the world. To date, the album has sold over 40 million copies worldwide, making it the eighth-highest-selling album of all time.", "precise_score": 3.177245855331421, "rough_score": 4.810601711273193, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fleetwood Mac" }, { "answer": "Dreams", "passage": "The second single, Stevie's ethereal ballad \"Dreams\", may have eased whatever anxiety she felt, however. It was, after all, the first (and, as of this writing, the only) Fleetwood Mac single to top the Billboard US Hot 100 charts! It was backed by Christine's excellent \"Songbird\", a piano- solo ode to her breakup with John. \"Songbird\" was not actually recorded in the studio, but rather it was recorded in the cavernlike emptiness of Zellerback Auditorium (University of California, Berkeley), which very much enhanced the emotionality of the track.", "precise_score": 5.679988384246826, "rough_score": 6.506260871887207, "source": "search", "title": "1977 - Everything Fleetwood Mac" }, { "answer": "Dreams", "passage": "The album Rumours (the band's first release on the main Warner label after Reprise was retired and all of its acts were reassigned to the parent label) was released in the spring of 1977, in which the band members laid bare the emotional turmoil they were experiencing at the time. Critically acclaimed, it was the recipient of the Grammy Award for Album of the Year for 1977. The album generated multiple Top Ten singles, including Buckingham's \"Go Your Own Way\", Nicks' U.S. No.1 \"Dreams\" (), and Christine McVie's \"Don't Stop\" and \"You Make Loving Fun\". Buckingham's \"Second Hand News\", Nicks' \"Gold Dust Woman\" and \"The Chain\" (the only song written by all five bandmates) also received significant radio airplay. By 2003, Rumours had sold over 19 million copies in the U.S. alone (certified as a diamond album by the RIAA), and a total of 40 million copies worldwide, making it the second biggest selling album of all time. Fleetwood Mac supported the album with a lucrative tour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.287448883056641, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fleetwood Mac" }, { "answer": "Dreams", "passage": "During their show on 20 June 2009 in New Orleans, Louisiana, Stevie Nicks premiered part of a new song that she had written about Hurricane Katrina. The song was later released as \"New Orleans\" on Stevie Nicks' 2011 album \"In Your Dreams\" with Mick Fleetwood on drums.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.427520275115967, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fleetwood Mac" }, { "answer": "Dreams", "passage": "On 3 May 2011, the Fox Network broadcast an episode of Glee entitled \"Rumours\" that featured six songs from the band's 1977 album. The show sparked renewed interest in the band and its most commercially successful album, and Rumours reentered the Billboard 200 chart at No. 11, the same week that Stevie Nicks' new solo album In Your Dreams debuted at No. 6. (Nicks was quoted by Billboard saying that her new album was \"my own little Rumours.\" ) The two recordings sold about 30,000 and 52,000 units, respectively. Music downloads accounted for ninety-one percent of the Rumours sales. The spike in sales for Rumours represented an uptick of 1,951%. It was the highest chart entry by a previously issued album since The Rolling Stoness reissue of Exile On Main St. reentered the chart at No. 2 on 5 June 2010. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.555419921875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Fleetwood Mac" }, { "answer": "Dreams", "passage": "The UK record buying public was slower to warm up to the Mac, but by November 1977, Rumours had made it to Number Three, and while all four singles made it into the Top 40 in Britain, none climbed any higher than \"Dreams\" at Number 24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.965474605560303, "source": "search", "title": "1977 - Everything Fleetwood Mac" }, { "answer": "Dreams", "passage": "While Fleetwood Mac had finally attained their long-desired commercial success, the band was fraying apart behind the scenes. The McVies divorced in 1976, and Buckingham and Nicks' romance ended shortly afterward. The internal tensions formed the basis for the songs on their next album, Rumours. Released in the spring of 1977, Rumours became a blockbuster success, topping the American and British charts and generating the Top Ten singles \"Go Your Own Way,\" \"Dreams,\" \"Don't Stop,\" and \"You Make Loving Fun.\" It would eventually sell over 17 million copies in the U.S. alone, making it the second biggest-selling album of all time. Fleetwood Mac supported the album with an exhaustive, lucrative tour and then retired to the studio to record their follow-up to Rumours. A wildly experimental double album conceived largely by Buckingham, 1979's Tusk didn't duplicate the enormous success of Rumours, yet it did go multi-platinum and featured the Top Ten singles \"Sara\" and \"Tusk.\" In 1980, they released the double album Live.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.293615341186523, "source": "search", "title": "Fleetwood Mac - Biography | Billboard" }, { "answer": "Dream", "passage": "Ironically, it was the merger of two Northern California dreamers—Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks—that provided the solid rhythm section of Britain’s ferocious Mick Fleetwood on drums, velvety vocalist/B-3/pianist Christine McVie and melody-driven bassist John McVie the catalyst for superstardom. Aggressive playing, pop-inflected melodies and sexual frisson ignited rock that was palatable in the malls as well as back rooms, yet some of pre-Buckingham/Nicks songs remain pivotal in the catalogue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.299587249755859, "source": "search", "title": "The 20 Best Fleetwood Mac Songs of All Time :: Music ..." }, { "answer": "Dreams", "passage": "While Fleetwood Mac had finally attained their long-desired commercial success, the band was fraying apart behind the scenes. The McVies divorced in 1976, and Buckingham and Nicks ' romance ended shortly afterward. The internal tensions formed the basis for the songs on their next album, Rumours. Released in the spring of 1977, Rumours became a blockbuster success, topping the American and British charts and generating the Top Ten singles \"Go Your Own Way,\" \"Dreams,\" \"Don't Stop,\" and \"You Make Loving Fun.\" It would eventually sell over 17 million copies in the U.S. alone, making it the second biggest-selling album of all time. Fleetwood Mac supported the album with an exhaustive, lucrative tour and then retired to the studio to record their follow-up to Rumours. A wildly experimental double album conceived largely by Buckingham , 1979's Tusk didn't duplicate the enormous success of Rumours, yet it did go multi-platinum and featured the Top Ten singles \"Sara\" and \"Tusk.\" In 1980, they released the double album Live.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.293615341186523, "source": "search", "title": "Fleetwood Mac — Listen for free on Spotify" } ]

[ { "answer": "Margaret Smith", "passage": "Even time can affect the status of an upset. When unseeded 18-year-old Billie Jean Moffitt stunned top-seeded Margaret Smith in Smith's opening match of the 1962 Wimbledon tournament, it seemed like a major upset. In retrospect, the result doesn't seem as surprising because Moffitt, who became Billie Jean King, went on to win six Wimbledon singles titles.", "precise_score": 5.8120503425598145, "rough_score": 6.124342441558838, "source": "search", "title": "The Most Shocking Upsets in Wimbledon History | Bleacher ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Argentina 1978", "passage": "Since the 1958 FIFA World Cup, to avoid future boycotts or controversy, FIFA began a pattern of alternating the hosts between the Americas and Europe, which continued until the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The 2002 FIFA World Cup, hosted jointly by South Korea and Japan, was the first one held in Asia, and the only tournament with multiple hosts. South Africa became the first African nation to host the World Cup in 2010. The 2014 FIFA World Cup is hosted by Brazil, the first held in South America since Argentina 1978, and is the first occasion where consecutive World Cups are held outside Europe.", "precise_score": 2.1059086322784424, "rough_score": 4.699324131011963, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA World Cup" }, { "answer": "Argentina (1978)", "passage": "Six of the eight champions have won one of their titles while playing in their own homeland, the exceptions being Brazil, who finished as runners-up after losing the deciding match on home soil in 1950 and lost their semifinal against Germany in 2014, and Spain, which reached the second round on home soil in 1982. England (1966) and France (1998) won their only titles while playing as host nations. Uruguay (1930), Italy (1934) and Argentina (1978) won their first titles as host nations but have gone on to win again, while Germany (1974) won their second title on home soil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.080967664718628, "source": "wiki", "title": "FIFA World Cup" }, { "answer": "Argentina 1978", "passage": "Argentina 1978: Argentina", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0440120697021484, "source": "search", "title": "World Cup winners list: A complete history - SBNation.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "92", "passage": "Burial series for ten parishes from Chihuahua to Chiapas illustrate the vast regional and ethnic volatility of year-to-year population change in eighteenth-century Mexico ( Figure 3 ). Burial registers offer a somber view of the long eighteenth-century (1690-1820), with deaths in crisis years mushrooming four to fourteen-fold above the norm, as in 1692, 1737, 1762, 1779, 1797 and 1813. The series depict the classic workings of ancien regime demography, in which epidemics undercut the enormous growth potential of high fertility populations. Cholula, the site of one of the first, large-scale published studies in modern Mexican historical demography, is our best known example. In normal years Indian burials in the Cholula region numbered 750-1,000, but in 1737 they skyrocketed to 16,926 (upper left panel in Figure 3 ). The authorities responded with the ancient Spanish refrain�\"huir presto, irse lexos, volver tarde\" (flee swiftly, go far away, and return belatedly)�and sponsored public processions to call upon the saints for salvation. Note however that non-Indians were not as affected by epidemics and famine (lower left panel). The vast majority of deaths were Native Americans. The disaster raged through the heartland of New Spain (causing over 40,000 deaths in Mexico City alone), but only faint ripples reached the north (San José de Parral�upper right panel) or the south (lower right) such as the Chiapan community of Teopisca (1739), and went completely unnoticed in nearby Ocozocuautla.", "precise_score": -10.97673225402832, "rough_score": -10.502400398254395, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Rapid urbanization in Mexico is a phenomenon of the twentieth-century. In 1900, only four cities, in addition to the Federal District, numbered as many as 50,000 inhabitants: Guadalajara (101,208), Puebla (93,521), Monterrey (62,266) and San Luis Potosí (61,019). For much of the nineteenth-century, to the extent that migration was important for urban growth, in-migrants were easily obtained from in-state. In the case of Guadalajara, for example, during the period 1875 to 1905 80% of the city�s migrants came from within the state according to data from city marriage registers. On the other hand, migrants were scarcely missed from the countryside because as late as 1900 72% of all Mexicans still lived in communities of fewer than 2,500 inhabitants (down from 92% a century earlier). Over three-fourths of the working class continued to depend upon agriculture for a livelihood while three-fourths of the middle class lived in towns and cities, which despite their small size offered migrants remunerative labor, schools, and a more open, egalitarian social structure.", "precise_score": -8.558367729187012, "rough_score": -6.770504474639893, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Sanders, William T. \"The Population of the Central Mexican Symbiotic Region, the Basin of Mexico, and the Teotihuacan Valley in the Sixteenth-century,\" in William Denevan (ed.), The Native Population of the Americas in 1492. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976 [rev. ed. 1992], pp. 85-150.", "precise_score": -10.910247802734375, "rough_score": -10.509626388549805, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "In 1790, the year of the first census of the U.S.A. population, there were 3,929,214 Americans. By 1900, the U.S.A. population jumped to 75,994,575. In 1920 the census counted more than a hundred million people (105,710,620). Another 100 million people were added to the United States population in just fifty years when the two hundred million barrier was reached in 1970 with 203,302,031 counted in the census.", "precise_score": 0.44574251770973206, "rough_score": 6.360751152038574, "source": "search", "title": "USA Population - The Current Population of the USA" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "If in fact I did derive moderate and even low figures for the 1492 population, it was not because I had intended to do so. The data I had about the Conquest allowed no other choice, unless one were to assume vast and horrible killing, which requires a macabre imagination and which I found unacceptable given the known extermination techniques of the sixteenth-century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.281343460083008, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Since the first factor was already discussed above, consider the second here. The settling down of annual fluctuations in burials over the century suggests accelerating demographic growth rates. Great crises provoked in earlier times by typhus, smallpox and famine gradually tapered off. Mexico City serves as an example, although its series is confounded by a lack of true rates and the reality of demographic growth through migration ( Figure 8 ). The last great crisis of colonial Mexico City was the typhus epidemic of 1813 when deaths more than tripled, rising from a greatly under-recorded annual average of five thousand to 17,021. When the biggest subsequent epidemic of typhus erupted eighty years later, the population of the capital had probably doubled, but typhus deaths rose to \"only\" 2,653, scarcely ten percent of total burials and a great public health victory by early modern standards. Although mortality remained high in Mexico City until the 1920s, annual fluctuations lost much of the volatility characteristic of the colonial regimen. Similar developments characterize burial series for Chiapas and Oaxaca in the south and Chihuahua in the north.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.764198303222656, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Berdan, Frances F. and Patricia Anawalt (eds.). The Codex Mendoza. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.445441246032715, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Bustamante, Miguel E. \"La viruela en México, desde su orígen hasta su erradicación,\" in Enrique Florescano and Elsa Malvido, Ensayos sobre la historia de las epidemias en México. México, D.F.: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 1982, vol. 1, pp. 67-92.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.55925464630127, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Calvo, Tomás. Guadalajara y su región en el siglo XVII: población y economía. Guadalajara: Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos and H. Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara, 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.592218399047852, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Camposortega Cruz, Sergio. Análisis demográfico de la mortalidad en México, 1940-1980. México, DF: El Colegio de México, 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.528080940246582, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Denevan, William M., ed. The Native Population of the Americas in 1492. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976 [rev. ed. 1992].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.837196350097656, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Henige, David. \"Native American Population at Contact: Standards of Proof and Styles of Discourse in the Debate.\" Latin American Population History Bulletin, no. 22 (1992): pp. 2-23.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373026847839355, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Kicza, John E. \"Mexican Demographic History of the Nineteenth-century: Evidence and Approaches.\" In James W. Wilkie and Stephen Haber (eds.), Statistical Abstract of Latin America. Los Angeles: University of California Press, UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1981, vol. 21, pp. 592-609.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.319125175476074, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Pescador, Juan J. De Bautizados a fieles difuntos. México, DF: El Colegio de México, 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.547237396240234, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Reher, David H. \"�Malthus de nuevo? Población y economía en México durante el siglo XVIII.\" Historia Mexicana 41, no. 4 (abr-jun 1992): pp. 615-664.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.531055450439453, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Rosenblat, Angel. \"The Population of Hispaniola at the Time of Columbus,\" in The Native Population of the Americas in 1492, edited by William Denevan. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976 [rev. ed. 1992], pp. 43-66.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.987733840942383, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Storey, Rebecca. Life and Death in the Ancient City of Teotihuacan. A Modern Paleodemographic Synthesis. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.543161392211914, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Villaseñor y Sánchez, José Antonio. Theatro Americano: Descripción general de los reynos y provincianos de la Nueva España y sus jurisdicciones. México, DF: Editorial Trillas, 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.589415550231934, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Whitmore, Thomas M. Disease and Death in Early Colonial Mexico: Simulating Amerindian Depopulation. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484249114990234, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" }, { "answer": "92", "passage": "Zavala de Cosío, María Eugenia. Cambios de fecundidad en México y políticas de población. México DF: El Colegio de México y Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.596186637878418, "source": "search", "title": "The Population of Mexico from origins to revolution" } ]

[ { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator spent a year in production, and was released in October 1940. The film generated a vast amount of publicity, with a critic for The New York Times calling it \"the most eagerly awaited picture of the year\", and it was one of the biggest money-makers of the era. The ending was unpopular, however, and generated controversy. Chaplin concluded the film with a five-minute speech in which he abandoned his barber character, looked directly into the camera, and pleaded against war and fascism. Charles J. Maland has identified this overt preaching as triggering a decline in Chaplin's popularity, and writes, \"Henceforth, no movie fan would ever be able to separate the dimension of politics from [his] star image\". The Great Dictator received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor. ", "precise_score": 3.2353289127349854, "rough_score": 6.591940879821777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator is a 1940 American political satire comedy-drama film written, directed, produced, scored by and starring Charlie Chaplin, following the tradition of many of his other films. Having been the only Hollywood film-maker to continue to make silent films well into the period of sound films, this was Chaplin's first true sound film.", "precise_score": 4.459512710571289, "rough_score": 6.0104780197143555, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator was popular with audiences, becoming Chaplin's most commercially successful film. Modern critics have also praised it as a historically significant film and an important work of satire. The Great Dictator was nominated for five Academy Awards - Outstanding Production, Best Actor, Best Writing (Original Screenplay), Best Supporting Actor for Jack Oakie, and Best Music (Original Score).", "precise_score": 3.683173179626465, "rough_score": 6.074657917022705, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "*Charlie Chaplin as Adenoid Hynkel, the main antagonist. Hynkel is the Dictator of Tomainia (a parody of Germany and Adolf Hitler)[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/243180/The-Great-Dictator \"The Great Dictator\"]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 26, 2013. and attacks the Jews with his storm-troopers. He has Schultz arrested and has his storm-troopers hunt down the Barber. Hynkel is later arrested by his own soldiers, who mistake him for the Barber.", "precise_score": 4.095668792724609, "rough_score": 7.054482460021973, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Trimborn suggests that Chaplin decided to proceed with making The Great Dictator after viewing Riefenstahl's film. Hynkel's rally speech near the beginning of the film, delivered in German-sounding gibberish, is a caricature of Hitler's oratory style, which Chaplin also studied carefully in newsreels. ", "precise_score": 4.74072790145874, "rough_score": 5.719179153442383, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Annette Insdorf, in her book Indelible Shadows: Film and the Holocaust (2003), writes that \"There was something curiously appropriate about the little tramp impersonating the dictator, for by 1939 Hitler and Chaplin were perhaps the two most famous men in the world. The tyrant and the tramp reverse roles in The Great Dictator, permitting the eternal outsider to address the masses...\" In The 50 Greatest Jewish Movies (1998), Kathryn Bernheimer writes, \"What he chose to say in The Great Dictator, however, was just what one might expect from the Little Tramp. Film scholars have often noted that the Little Tramp resembles a Jewish stock figure, the ostracized outcast, an outsider...\" ", "precise_score": 2.972236156463623, "rough_score": 5.738406181335449, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Chaplin's half-brother Sydney directed and starred in a 1921 film called King, Queen, Joker in which, like Chaplin, he played the dual role of a barber and ruler of a country which is about to be overthrown. More than twenty years later, in 1947, Charles Chaplin was sued over alleged plagiarism with The Great Dictator. Yet, apparently, neither the suing party nor Chaplin himself brought up his own brother's King, Queen, Joker of the silent era. The case, Bercovici v. Chaplin, was settled, with Chaplin paying Konrad Bercovici $95,000. Bercovici claimed that he had created ideas such as Chaplin playing a dictator and a dance with a globe, and that Chaplin had discussed his five-page outline for a screenplay with him for several hours. But Chaplin insisted in his autobiography that he had been the sole writer of the movie's script. He agreed to a settlement, because of his \"unpopularity in the States at that moment and being under such court pressure, [he] was terrified, not knowing what to expect next.\" ", "precise_score": 4.455288410186768, "rough_score": 5.674176216125488, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin : The Final Speech from The Great Dictator", "precise_score": 2.374373435974121, "rough_score": 7.1185808181762695, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Transcript of Charlie Chaplin’s Final Speech in The Great Dictator", "precise_score": 2.5809078216552734, "rough_score": 6.149803161621094, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Is Charlie Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator' a good watch? - Quora", "precise_score": 1.7570022344589233, "rough_score": 7.056896209716797, "source": "search", "title": "Is Charlie Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator' a good watch ..." }, { "answer": "Tomania", "passage": "Between WWI and WWII, a title tells us up front, insanity reigns and humanity \"got kicked about a bit\" in a suspiciously German-looking country called Tomania. The great Charlie Chaplin plays dual roles. One is a nameless, hapless Jewish barber, who dutifully (if ineptly) fights for his nation in the First World War and suffers amnesia. When he recovers he finds all Jews herded into ghettoes and persecuted, scapegoated for the country's economic woes under the policies of a look-alike, mustached pipsqueak dictator Adenoid Hynkel (also Chaplin) and his fascist advisors. While the strutting Hynkel dreams of world conquest, builds palaces, meets with the equally pompous dictator of a rival empire called Bacteria (think Mussolini's Italy) and gears up for an invasion, the barber's lucky WWI friendship with a high-ranking Tomanian military officer lands him in and out of trouble.", "precise_score": 3.546412229537964, "rough_score": 6.513821601867676, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review - Common Sense Media" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "In 1938, the world's most famous movie star began to prepare a film about the monster of the 20th century. Charlie Chaplin looked a little like Adolf Hitler, in part because Hitler had chosen the same toothbrush moustache as the Little Tramp. Exploiting that resemblance, Chaplin devised a satire in which the dictator and a Jewish barber from the ghetto would be mistaken for each other. The result, released in 1940, was \"The Great Dictator,\" Chaplin's first talking picture and the highest-grossing of his career, although it would cause him great difficulties and indirectly lead to his long exile from the United States.", "precise_score": 3.3609519004821777, "rough_score": 5.5986738204956055, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin final speech in The Great Dictator (1940) - Democratic Underground", "precise_score": 3.1450860500335693, "rough_score": 6.594167232513428, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin final speech in The Great Dictator (1940 ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin final speech in The Great Dictator (1940)", "precise_score": 3.3562514781951904, "rough_score": 7.053683280944824, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin final speech in The Great Dictator (1940 ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin final speech in The Great Dictator (1940)", "precise_score": 3.3562514781951904, "rough_score": 7.053683280944824, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin final speech in The Great Dictator (1940 ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin final speech in The Great Dictator", "precise_score": 3.1872642040252686, "rough_score": 6.861154556274414, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin final speech in The Great Dictator (1940 ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave him complete control over his films. His first feature-length was The Kid (1921), followed by A Woman of Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), and The Circus (1928). He refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936) without dialogue. Chaplin became increasingly political, and his next film, The Great Dictator (1940), satirised Adolf Hitler. The 1940s were a decade marked with controversy for Chaplin, and his popularity declined rapidly. He was accused of communist sympathies, while his involvement in a paternity suit and marriages to much younger women caused scandal. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland. He abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux (1947), Limelight (1952), A King in New York (1957), and A Countess from Hong Kong (1967).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7940484881401062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, starred in, and composed the music for most of his films. He was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture. His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos, typified in the Tramp's struggles against adversity. Many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. In 1972, as part of a renewed appreciation for his work, Chaplin received an Honorary Academy Award for \"the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century\". He continues to be held in high regard, with The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator often ranked on industry lists of the greatest films of all time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.6341073513031006, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Following the release of Modern Times, Chaplin left with Goddard for a trip to the Far East. The couple had refused to comment on the nature of their relationship, and it was not known whether they were married or not. Some time later, Chaplin revealed that they married in Canton during this trip. By 1938 the couple had drifted apart, as both focused heavily on their work, although Goddard was again his leading lady in his next feature film, The Great Dictator. She eventually divorced Chaplin in Mexico in 1942, citing incompatibility and separation for more than a year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.4699440002441406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.610215425491333, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The 1940s saw Chaplin face a series of controversies, both in his work and in his personal life, which changed his fortunes and severely affected his popularity in the United States. The first of these was a new boldness in expressing his political beliefs. Deeply disturbed by the surge of militaristic nationalism in 1930s world politics, Chaplin found that he could not keep these issues out of his work. Parallels between himself and Adolf Hitler had been widely noted: the pair were born four days apart, both had risen from poverty to world prominence, and Hitler wore the same toothbrush moustache as Chaplin. It was this physical resemblance that supplied the plot for Chaplin's next film, The Great Dictator, which directly satirised Hitler and attacked fascism. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4437822103500366, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Chaplin spent two years developing the script, and began filming in September 1939 – six days after Britain declared war on Germany. He had submitted to using spoken dialogue, partly out of acceptance that he had no other choice, but also because he recognised it as a better method for delivering a political message. Making a comedy about Hitler was seen as highly controversial, but Chaplin's financial independence allowed him to take the risk. \"I was determined to go ahead,\" he later wrote, \"for Hitler must be laughed at.\" Chaplin replaced the Tramp (while wearing similar attire) with \"A Jewish Barber\", a reference to the Nazi party's belief that he was Jewish. In a dual performance he also played the dictator \"Adenoid Hynkel\", who parodied Hitler. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0665491819381714, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Until he began making spoken dialogue films with The Great Dictator, Chaplin never shot from a completed script. Many of his early films began with only a vague premise – for example \"Charlie enters a health spa\" or \"Charlie works in a pawn shop.\" He then had sets constructed and worked with his stock company to improvise gags and \"business\" using them, almost always working the ideas out on film. As ideas were accepted and discarded, a narrative structure would emerge, frequently requiring Chaplin to reshoot an already-completed scene that might have otherwise contradicted the story. From A Woman of Paris onward Chaplin began the filming process with a prepared plot, but Robinson writes that every film up to Modern Times \"went through many metamorphoses and permutations before the story took its final form.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0391684770584106, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Social commentary was a feature of Chaplin's films from early in his career, as he portrayed the underdog in a sympathetic light and highlighted the difficulties of the poor. Later, as he developed a keen interest in economics and felt obliged to publicise his views, Chaplin began incorporating overtly political messages into his films. Modern Times (1936) depicted factory workers in dismal conditions, The Great Dictator (1940) parodied Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini and ended in a speech against nationalism, Monsieur Verdoux (1947) criticised war and capitalism, and A King in New York (1957) attacked McCarthyism. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.649593353271484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "saw City Lights rank among the critics' top 50, Modern Times inside the top 100, and The Great Dictator and The Gold Rush placed in the top 250. The top 100 films as voted on by directors included Modern Times at number 22, City Lights at number 30, and The Gold Rush at number 91. Every one of Chaplin's features received a vote. In 2007, the American Film Institute named City Lights the 11th greatest American film of all time, while The Gold Rush and Modern Times again ranked in the top 100. Books about Chaplin continue to be published regularly, and he is a popular subject for media scholars and film archivists. Many of Chaplin's film have had a DVD and Blu-Ray release. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5270748138427734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Chaplin received three Academy Awards: an Honorary Award for \"versatility and genius in acting, writing, directing, and producing The Circus\" in 1929, a second Honorary Award for \"the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century\" in 1972, and a Best Score award in 1973 for Limelight (shared with Ray Rasch and Larry Russell). He was further nominated in the Best Actor, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Picture (as producer) categories for The Great Dictator, and received another Best Original Screenplay nomination for Monsieur Verdoux. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.046003818511963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Six of Chaplin's films have been selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress: The Immigrant (1917), The Kid (1921), The Gold Rush (1925), City Lights (1931), Modern Times (1936), and The Great Dictator (1940). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.4822797775268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "* The Great Dictator (1940)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.654496669769287, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Tomainia", "passage": "The action starts in 1918, with the collapse of the Tomainian (German) army. A Jewish barber saves the life of a wounded pilot, Schultz, but loses his own memory through concussion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.137797355651855, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Twenty years later, the barber has escaped from his care-home to return to the ghetto, now governed by Schultz, who has been promoted in the Tomainian regime under the ruthless dictator Adenoid Hynkel, who looks like an identical twin of the barber (both played by Chaplin).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.4959590435028076, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "As Hynkel orders a purge of the Jews, Schultz protests about this new policy, and is jailed. He escapes to hide in the ghetto with the barber and his girlfriend Hannah. Stormtroopers search the ghetto, arresting Schultz and the barber, while Hannah and her family escape to freedom in Osterlich (Austria). But after a failed attempt to ally with Napaloni (Mussolini), Hynkel invades Osterlich. The Jewish family is trapped under his regime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.526663780212402, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Escaping from the camp in stolen uniforms, Schultz and the barber, dressed as Hynkel, arrive at the Osterlich frontier, where a huge parade is waiting to be addressed by Hynkel. Hynkel is mistaken for the barber while out duck-shooting in civilian clothes, and is arrested. Schultz tells the barber to go up to the platform and pretend to be Hynkel, as the only way to save their lives once they reach Osterlich's capital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370452880859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "The terrified barber mounts the steps, but is inspired to seize the initiative. Announcing that he (apparently Hynkel) has had a change of heart, he makes an impassioned plea for brotherhood and goodwill. He addresses a message of hope to Hannah, in case she can hear him. Look up, Hannah. The soul of man has been given wings, and at last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the rainbow — into the light of hope, into the future, the glorious future that belongs to you, to me, and to all of us. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.221818923950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Tomainia", "passage": "*Paulette Goddard as Hannah, the Barber's neighbor. She lives in the ghetto next to the barber shop. She supports the Barber against the Tomainian Stormtroopers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.368252754211426, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "*Reginald Gardiner as Commander Schultz, a Tomainian who fought in World War I, who commands soldiers in the 1930s. He has his troops abstain from attacking Jews, but is arrested by Hynkel, after which he becomes a loyal ally to the Barber. He later leads the invasion of Osterlich and helps the Barber to become Fuhrer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949498176574707, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "*Henry Daniell as Garbitsch, a parody of Joseph Goebbels, and Hynkel's loyal Secretary of the Interior and Minister of Propaganda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.806436538696289, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "*Billy Gilbert as Herring, a parody of Hermann Göring, and Hynkel's Minister of War. He supervises demonstrations of newly developed weapons, which tend to fail and annoy Hynkel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.176161766052246, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "*Grace Hayle as Madame Napaloni, the wife of Benzino who later dances with Hynkel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.445666313171387, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "According to Jürgen Trimborn's biography of Nazi propaganda film-maker Leni Riefenstahl, both Chaplin and French film-maker René Clair viewed Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will together at a showing at the New York Museum of Modern Art. Film maker Luis Buñuel reports that Clair was horrified by the power of the film, crying out that this should never be shown or the West was lost. Chaplin, on the other hand, laughed uproariously at the film. He used it to inspire many elements of The Great Dictator, and by repeatedly viewing this film, Chaplin could closely mimic Hitler's mannerisms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0114574432373047, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Critics who view the barber as different include Stephen Weissman, whose book Chaplin: A Life speaks of Chaplin \"abandoning traditional pantomime technique and his little tramp character\". DVD reviewer Mark Bourne asserts Chaplin's stated position: \"Granted, the barber bears more than a passing resemblance to the Tramp, even affecting the familiar bowler hat and cane. But Chaplin was clear that the barber is not the Tramp and The Great Dictator is not a Tramp movie.\" The Scarecrow Movie Guide also views the barber as different. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.2542082667350769, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Several reviewers of the late 20th century describe The Little Tramp as developing into the Jewish barber. In Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s, Thomas Schatz writes of \"Chaplin's Little Tramp transposed into a meek Jewish barber\", while, in Hollywood in Crisis: Cinema and American Society, 1929-1939, Colin Shindler writes, \"The universal Little Tramp is transmuted into a specifically Jewish barber whose country is about to be absorbed into the totalitarian empire of Adenoid Hynkel.\" Finally, in A Distant Technology: Science Fiction Film and the Machine Age, J. P. Telotte writes that \"The little tramp figure is here reincarnated as the Jewish barber\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.14278793334961, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The film was Chaplin's first true talking picture and helped shake off criticism of Luddism following his previous release, the mostly dialogue-free Modern Times (1936), after the silent era had all but ended in the late 1920s. The Great Dictator does feature several silent scenes more in keeping with Chaplin's previous films. Some audiences had come to expect Chaplin to make silent films even during the sound era.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7562007904052734, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "In 1997, The Great Dictator was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3622846603393555, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Chaplin biographer Jeffrey Vance concludes his lengthy examination of the film, in his book Chaplin: Genius of the Cinema, by asserting the film's importance among the great celluloid satires. Vance writes, \"Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator' survives as a masterful integration of comedy, politics, and satire. It stands as Chaplin's most self-consciously political work and the cinema's first important satire.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5356838703155518, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynckel", "passage": "James L. Neibaur has noted that among the many parallels that Chaplin noted between his own life and Hitler's was an affinity for Wagner's music. Chaplin's appreciation for Wagner has been noted in studies of the director's use of film music. Many commentators have noted Chaplin's use of Wagner's Lohengrin prelude when Hynckel dances with the globe-balloon. Chaplin repeated use of the Lohengrin prelude near the conclusion, when the exiled Hannah listens to the Jewish barber's speech celebrating democracy and freedom. The music is interrupted during the dictator's dance but it is heard to complete and climax in the barber's pro-democracy speech.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.262922763824463, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Final Speech from The Great Dictator", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.771648108959198, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Final speech from The Great Dictator Copyright © Roy Export S.A.S. All rights reserved", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.911228179931641, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.009653568267822, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Dictator Adenoid Hynkel tries to expand his empire while a poor Jewish barber tries to avoid persecution from Hynkel's regime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.109379768371582, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Title: The Great Dictator (1940)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.383246898651123, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Twenty years after the end of WWI in which the nation of Tomainia was on the losing side, Adenoid Hynkel has risen to power as the ruthless dictator of the country. He believes in a pure Aryan state, and the decimation of the Jews. This situation is unknown to a simple Jewish-Tomainian barber who has since been hospitalized the result of a WWI battle. Upon his release, the barber, who had been suffering from memory loss about the war, is shown the new persecuted life of the Jews by many living in the Jewish ghetto, including a washerwoman named Hannah, with whom he begins a relationship. The barber is ultimately spared such persecution by Commander Schultz, who he saved in that WWI battle. The lives of all Jews in Tomainia are eventually spared with a policy shift by Hynkel himself, who is doing so for ulterior motives. But those motives include a want for world domination, starting with the invasion of neighboring Osterlich, which may be threatened by Benzino Napaloni, the dictator ... Written by Huggo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.264610767364502, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "The film is obviously a satire on Adolf Hitler , represented by Adenoid Hynkel, and its story is based on Hynkel looking exactly like \"a Jewish barber\": both are played by Charles Chaplin . But it begins with a notice: \"Any resemblance between Hynkel the dictator and the Jewish barber is purely co-incidental\". See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.762591600418091, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "This has already been answered by Mark Blanchard in the negative, in: Mark Blanchard's answer to Do any credible scholars consider the speech given at the end of the \"Great Dictator\" to be one of the best in history?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.554872512817383, "source": "search", "title": "Is Charlie Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator' a good watch ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "I put The Great Dictator on Hulu last night, with high expectations: I’d known of the film since childhood, particularly the dancing with the globe scene, and my childhood in Greece had been fed on a steady diet of Charlot . (And it will always be spelled Σαρλώ with an omega, dammit!)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.320916175842285, "source": "search", "title": "Is Charlie Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator' a good watch ..." }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "It is sloppily plotted; the similarity of the Barber to Hynkel and the deus ex at the end is an afterthought, the scenes are incoherently strung together.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3766450881958, "source": "search", "title": "Is Charlie Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator' a good watch ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The final speech… like Mark (again) says in Mark Blanchard's answer to United Nations: Should The Great Dictator's final speech be made at the opening of every UN session ? .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.834505558013916, "source": "search", "title": "Is Charlie Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator' a good watch ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator Movie Review", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.112339973449707, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review - Common Sense Media" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "No question who the good guys and the bad guys are, even with Chaplin in dual roles as the egomaniacal dictator Hynkel and the Jewish barber/war veteran. The attitude flirts with humanism -- the heroine posits that if God doesn't really exist, people should still be nice to one another as if He did. In a final speech, practically presidential-candidate in intensity, the barber quotes the Bible and calls for freedom, equality, compassion, and unity of all races, and there's little doubt this isn't the character but instead Chaplin himself speaking his mind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.893444299697876, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review - Common Sense Media" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The movie doesn't feel like old newspapers, but fresh and urgent. The immortal, wordless dream ballet in which Hynkel/Hitler, imaging himself emperor of Earth, dances lovingly with a globe-shaped balloon, is a timeless metaphor for every wannabe conqueror from Napoleon on up. Chaplin's narrative isn't terribly cohesive, more like a series of blackout sketches, but younger viewers are especially forgiving about that. Some critics think The Great Dictator went overboard with a climactic speech, in which Chaplin completely breaks character to deliver an emotional tirade against 1930s totalitarianism and the \"machine men\" plunging the planet into madness. But as a film-comedy genius using the talents he has to confront world-class enemies and injustice directly, this is as good as it gets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.15755033493042, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review - Common Sense Media" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Viewers today are used to satire like Saturday Night Live or Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay , which look terribly out of date just months later. Not exactly great art. But THE GREAT DICTATOR is different. Silent-era megastar Charlie Chaplin, in his first film with extensive dialogue, does attack the international villains of the time, the Third Reich (Hynkel for Hitler; a fat field marshal named Herring, instead of Goering; a \"Garbitsch\" -- pronounced \"garbage\" -- instead of Goebbles). But the jokes are done with sublime slapstick, poignancy, and timeless insight into the foibles of human nature.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1755681037902832, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review - Common Sense Media" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Families can talk about the rise of the Third Reich and Mussolini's Italy, and how Charlie Chaplin skillfully turned some of the most frightening real-life villains into buffoons. You could research the other sorts of movies coming out at the time, from Axis Germany, Italy, Japan, and the USSR -- and how they served their own \"great dictators'\" aims. While some movies from Nazi Berlin certainly did glorify fascism (check out Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will, if you dare), others were deliberately non-political, meant to take the average citizen's mind off war. Ask kids if they think Chaplin's pointed comedy holds up well today, or is a WWII relic. Who are today's \"great dictators\"? And who are the comedians today that make them into buffoons?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.260690689086914, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review - Common Sense Media" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Glenn Beck opened his radio program Friday with audio from Charlie Chaplin in “The Great Dictator.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6923987865448, "source": "search", "title": "Hear the Rousing Charlie Chaplin ‘Dictator’ Speech That ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4975978136062622, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "In 1938, Hitler was not yet recognized in all quarters as the embodiment of evil. Powerful isolationist forces in America preached a policy of nonintervention in the troubles of Europe, and rumors of Hitler's policy to exterminate the Jews were welcomed by anti-Semitic groups. Some of Hitler's earliest opponents, including anti-Franco American volunteers in the Spanish Civil War, were later seen as \"premature antifascists\"; by fighting against fascism when Hitler was still considered an ally, they raised suspicion that they might be communists. \"The Great Dictator\" ended with a long speech denouncing dictatorships, and extolling democracy and individual freedoms. This sounded to the left like bedrock American values, but to some on the right, it sounded pinko.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.908074378967285, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Chaplin's film, aimed obviously and scornfully at Hitler himself, could only have been funny, he says in his autobiography, if he had not yet known the full extent of the Nazi evil. As it was, the film's mockery of Hitler got it banned in Spain, Italy and neutral Ireland. But in America and elsewhere, it played with an impact that, today, may be hard to imagine. There had never been any fictional character as universally beloved as the Little Tramp, and although Chaplin was technically not playing the Tramp in \"The Great Dictator,\" he looked just like him, this time not in a comic fable but a political satire.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6044882535934448, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Tomania", "passage": "The plot is one of those concoctions that makes the action barely possible. The hero, a barber-soldier in World War I, saves the life of a German pilot named Schultz and flies him to safety, all the time not even knowing he was the enemy. Their crash-landing gives the barber amnesia, and for 20 years he doesn't know who he is. Then he recovers and returns to his barber shop in the country of Tomania (say it aloud), only to discover that the dictator Hynkel has come to power, not under the swastika, but under the Double Cross. His storm troopers are moving through the ghetto, smashing windows and rounding up Jews (the term \"concentration camp\" is used early, matter-of-factly). But the barber's shop is spared by the intervention of Schultz, now an assistant minister, who recognizes him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.261467933654785, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "The barber (never named, just like the Tramp) is in love with the maid Hannah ( Paulette Goddard , Chaplin's estranged wife at the time). And he is befriended by his former neighbors. But he and the disloyal Schultz are eventually put in a concentration camp, and then Hynkel has a boating mishap, is mistaken for the barber, and locked into the camp just as the barber and Schultz escape -- with Hynkel's uniform. Now the barber is assumed by everyone to be the dictator.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.840965270996094, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "In the classic Chaplin tradition, the movie has a richness of gags and comic pantomime, including Hynkel's famous ballet with an inflated balloon that makes the globe his plaything. There is a sequence where five men bite into puddings after being told the one who finds a coin must give his life to assassinate Hynkel. None of them want to find the coin and there is cheating, but eventually -- see for yourself. And there is a long, funny episode when the dictator of neighboring Bacteria, Benzini Napaloni ( Jack Oakie ), pays a state visit. Napaloni, obviously modeled on Mussolini, eludes an attempt to make him sit in a low chair so the short Hynkel can loom over him. And when the two of them sit in adjacent barber chairs, they take turns pumping their chairs higher than the other. There is also a lot of confusion about saluting, and Chaplin intercuts shots of the two dictators with newsreels of enormous, cheering crowds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1415956020355225, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "In 1940, this would have played as very highly charged, because Chaplin was launching his comic persona against Hitler in an attempt, largely successful, to ridicule him as a clown. Audiences reacted strongly to the film's humor; it won five Oscar nominations, for picture, actor, supporting actor (Oakie), screenplay and music (Meredith Willson). But audiences at the time, and ever since, have felt that the film comes to a dead end when the barber, impersonating Hynkel, delivers a monologue of more than three minutes which represents Chaplin's own views.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.517021656036377, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Incredibly, no one tries to stop the fake \"Hynkel.\" Chaplin talks straight into the camera, in his own voice, with no comic touches and only three cutaways, as the barber is presumably heard on radio all over the world. What he says is true enough, but it deflates the comedy and ends the picture as a lecture, followed by a shot of Goddard outlined against the sky, joyously facing the Hynkel-free future, as the music swells. It didn't work then, and it doesn't work now. It is fatal when Chaplin drops his comic persona, abruptly changes the tone of the film, and leaves us wondering how long he is going to talk (a question that should never arise during a comedy). The movie plays like a comedy followed by an editorial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.364845275878906, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "A newly restored 35mm print of \"The Great Dictator\" will play Friday through Oct. 4 at the Gene Siskel Film Center. Showtimes: Friday and Monday-Thursday at 6 p.m. and 8:30 p.m.; Saturday at 3 p.m., 5:30 p.m. and 8 p.m.; Sunday at 3 pm and 5:30 p.m. Reviews of \"City Lights\" and \"Duck Soup\" are also in the Great Movies Collection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.503436088562012, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator Movie Review (1940) | Roger Ebert" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator (1940)[ edit ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2065341472625732, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Hynkel, the dictator, ruled the nation with an iron fist. Under the new emblem of the double cross, liberty was banished, free speech was suppressed and only the voice of Hynkel was heard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.189493417739868, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Tomania", "passage": "In which Chaplin plays the roles of \"Adenoid Hynkel\", the dictator of Tomania, and \"A Jewish Barber\" the hero of the tale", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8022942543029785, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Hynkel, the dictator, ruled the nation with an iron fist. Under the new emblem of the double cross, liberty was banished, free speech was suppressed and only the voice of Hynkel was heard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.189493417739868, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "[Hynkel addressing the crowds, referring to his colleagues: clearly modelled upon Göring and Goebbels]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.329278945922852, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Hynkel: Herring shouldn smelten fine from Garbitsch, und Garbitsch shouldn smelten fine from Herring. Herring und Garbitsch... [He clasps his hands together]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.283909797668457, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Closing speech of the Jewish barber, after being mistaken for Hynkel. - Full text, video and audio online at American Rhetoric", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.492368698120117, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator (1940) - Quotes - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.464430809020996, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator (1940)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.464699745178223, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - Quotes - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Henrietta", "passage": "The Collins family hasn�t received much attention. Who do you think of when you think of the Collins? Joan Collins? She was a beautiful, Jewish Hollywood actress from England. Joan�s grandmother lived at Brighton, England. (Joan mentions her father being a Jew on pg. 13 of her autobiography Joan Collins Past Imperfect.) Her father Joe Collins and his friend Lord Lew Grade had an acting company. Joe Collin�s father Will Collins and his wife a can-can dancer Henrietta Collins were also into acting. In the l970s she was in several horror movies and picked up the title \"Queen of the Horror Films\" (p. 271). In 1977 and 1978 Joan was nude in two sexy films (not her first) which were expected to do better at the box office than they did, neither of the titles of these films bear repeating.", "precise_score": -0.6063501834869385, "rough_score": -1.9788177013397217, "source": "search", "title": "The Collins Bloodline" }, { "answer": "Henrietta", "passage": "Joan Collins was born on May 23, 1933 in Paddington, London, England as Joan Henrietta Collins. She is an actress and producer, known for Dynasty (1981), The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000) and Empire of the Ants (1977). She has been married to Percy Gibson since February 17, 2002. She was previously married to Peter Holm , Ronald S. Kass , Anthony Newley and Maxwell Reed .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.021659851074219, "source": "search", "title": "Joan Collins - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Henrietta", "passage": "Collins's official birthdate is 1941, but other sources peg it as early as 1937. She was born in London, England, to a mother who had once been a dancer and a father who earned a good living as a theatrical agent. Jacqueline Jill Collins arrived some eight years—or four, depending on the birthdate—after her sister, Joan Henrietta. At a young age, she was determined to break free of her middle–class home's constraints. \"I read the whole time and lived in a fantasy world,\" Collins once recalled in an interview for Los Angeles Magazine with Eve Babitz. \"I was English but pretended I was American and couldn't reveal my own identity, and I wouldn't hang out with other kids.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.901381492614746, "source": "search", "title": "Jackie Collins Biography - life, children, parents, name ..." }, { "answer": "Henrietta", "passage": "Joan Collins was born on May 23, 1933 in Paddington, London, England as Joan Henrietta Collins. She is an actress and producer, known for Dynasty (1981), Tales from the Crypt (1972) and The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000). She has been married to Percy Gibson since February 17, 2002. She was previously married to Peter Holm , Ronald S. Kass , ... See full bio »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.12591552734375, "source": "search", "title": "Joan Collins - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Leonard bought a stake in a record company called Aristocrat Records in 1947; in 1950, Leonard brought his brother, Phil into the operation and they became sole owners of the company. After bringing in the third partner, Evelyn Aron, they rename it to Chess Records in the same year.", "precise_score": 4.844233512878418, "rough_score": 7.481963634490967, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Aristocrat label was the forerunner to Chess Records , the mighty Chicago independent. But it was different from the label it evolved into, and should not be assimilated to it.", "precise_score": 6.162940979003906, "rough_score": 7.979787826538086, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Aristocrat thus survived in its original form a little over three years. For a small, undercapitalized company it was quite prolific. It appears that 264 titles were recorded by Aristocrat for release, and another 28 tracks recorded by others were purchased and released during the lifetime of the label, for a total of 292. In all, 92 releases are known (which adds up to 183 sides, since \"Dedicated to You\" by the 5 Blazes was used twice). 18 more sides recorded during the Aristocrat era got their initial release on Chess singles during the first year after the name change.", "precise_score": 4.1690826416015625, "rough_score": 6.1834564208984375, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Another reason Aristocrat has resisted the efforts of discographers is that discographers prefer to work with record company files, if they can get access to them. Up to now, discographies of Aristocrat have been based on the work of Michel Ruppli, a Swiss researcher whose string of discographical publications (The Aladdin/Imperial Discography, The Blue Note Discography, The Chess Discography, etc.) have all used this modus operandi. Company files are easier to work with than scratchy bits of shellac and vinyl long since dispersed or lost. If properly kept, they hold out the prospect of reliable recording dates and personnel information.", "precise_score": -1.3314369916915894, "rough_score": -2.7439982891082764, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "If properly kept... Problem is, Aristocrat's business practices were strictly seat-of-the-pants. Leonard Chess was hired to wholesale records; he spent weeks on the road distributing 78s out of the trunk of his Buick. The company made written contracts with its artists, but it is doubtful that most of these were preserved. There was no organized effort to copyright every tune. The company had no in-house music publisher (in fact, the Chess brothers would not open a publishing arm, Arc Music, until August 1953). And some of the composer credits on Aristocrat labels are demonstrably bogus. For instance, \"Bilbo Is Dead\" was co-written by Andrew Tibbs and Tom Archia. But the label claimed credit for Chess-Aleta-Archia—whoever Aleta was. Meanwhile the copyright records at the Library of Congress give Evelyn Aron and Mildred Brount as the copyright owners! \"Dawn Mist,\" a number that Sonny Blount wrote for Eugene Wright and the Dukes of Swing, was credited on the label to one \"Crawfish.\"", "precise_score": 3.061021327972412, "rough_score": 3.8159737586975098, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The only documentation that Aristocrat kept of its recording sessions was a master book. This listed matrix numbers, artists, and titles. No dates were included on surviving recording sheets before October 12, 1948—by which time Aristocrat had cut over 130 sides! Because the \"recording ban\" ordered by American Federation of Musicians President James C. Petrillo was not officially lifted until December 13, only the mastering dates were documented for the rest of 1948. Michel Ruppli obtained the information for his Chess Discography from Bob Porter, who worked for Westbound Records (distributed by Chess) in 1972 and 1973. In his spare time, Porter copied the master books for Ruppli; all that remained out of the Aristocrat years were a few typed pages (loaded with errors and misspellings) specifying the tapes on which copies of the Aristocrat material could be found. There were matrix numbers and artists' names, but no dates, no information about issues, no personnel. In fact, it was impossible to tell from these pages what had been released and what hadn't. Some tracks that the company had released (for instance, Aristocrat 3301, 7001, and 8001) were left out entirely.", "precise_score": 1.7013179063796997, "rough_score": 2.526867628097534, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Once it become clear that Aristocrat planned to be around for a while, Universal assigned the label a separate U7000 matrix series. The Sherman Hayes sides were renumbered (though we have seen the U7000 series numbers only on Aristocrat 104), so U675 became U7001. The V suffix was attached to a few more Aristocrat masters; the last case we know of is U7017V. The U7000 series—often shorn of its U in later years, when the recording was often done at other studios—would be the main matrix series over the entire lifetime of Chess Records.", "precise_score": 5.43199348449707, "rough_score": 6.048347473144531, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "It needs to be kept in mind that the matrix numbers were assigned by Aristocrat, not by the studio and that sometimes the assignments were made well after the sessions were recorded. Occasionally U7000 series numbers were attached to material that Aristocrat had purchased (later on, the Chess brothers would get bolder, and stick U7000 numbers onto such things as Howlin' Wolf sides recorded in Memphis...). There were lapses: after giving U7001-7007 to Sherman Hayes & his Orchestra, and U7008-7011 to The Five Blazes, Aristocrat had to allot U7012 to the last of the Sherman Hayes sides. You can almost hear the \"Oops!\" Items from a live session recorded in the first half of 1948, when the recording ban was being enforced, were deliberately given misleading numbers like U7048S and U7128A to keep the Musicians Union off the trail.", "precise_score": -1.0171878337860107, "rough_score": -1.7418090105056763, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Aristocrat has also frustrated music historians because it is hard to pigeonhole stylistically. The company took only a mild interest in downhome blues until the second half of 1948, when strong sales of Aristocrat 1305 (\"I Can't Be Satisfied\" by Muddy Waters) told Evelyn Aron and Leonard Chess that they ought to be paying more attention. Well into 1949, the company's flagship artist was not Muddy Waters but the uptown blues singer Andrew Tibbs. A lot of what went on 1947 was frankly experimental. The proprietors of Aristocrat tried their hands at: nightclub R&B, jazz, country and western, piano trios in the manner of Nat King Cole, lounge ballads, gospel, pop crooning in the manner of Bing Crosby, and polkas. And the polka band was the one that laid down the most tracks.", "precise_score": 0.6456817388534546, "rough_score": -1.1799486875534058, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Phil Chess, who was not really involved with Aristocrat until the end of 1949, described the outfit as a \"White label\" that recorded only White musicians before his brother Leonard got involved. In later years, he cast particular derision on one of Sherman Hayes' tunes, \"Get on the Ball Paul.\" (Perhaps he remembered the big ad that Aristocrat put in Cash Box for 104.) But despite Hayes' slick vocalizing, this was actually the band's heppest number, and its composer, Cliff Parman, would enjoy a long career in pop music. It's the ballads that inflict real pain on today's ears.", "precise_score": 2.9165287017822266, "rough_score": 1.460714340209961, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Belying Phil Chess's version of history, Chuck and Evelyn Aron next put together a session by the Five Blazes , a black vocal/string ensemble. The Blazes' involvement with Aristocrat was announced in Billboardon May 24, 1947 (as usual, this meant that they had already recorded). The brief item also announced the signing of \"promising Swing chirp\" Jackie Cain, who would be responsible for the label's next session. An agent named Joe Callan, of Frederick Brothers, was given credit for bringing both acts to the label.", "precise_score": 2.4161376953125, "rough_score": 0.8113445043563843, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Four A name would, however, be used on the Chess reissue of their second Aristocrat single, and it was retrospectively applied to some copies of their Aristocrat 78s with a red rubber stamp. Just when the stamping was done, we have no way to know (Aristocrat 78s were distributed until January 1951).", "precise_score": 0.022116949781775475, "rough_score": -1.0363363027572632, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Boogie-woogie pianist and singer Jimmie Bell led one of the many piano trios which were so popular in South Side clubs. (Aristocrat hedged its bets by calling him Jimmy and Jimmie on the same label, but he spelled his name with the \"ie.\") At the time of his lone session for Aristocrat, in December 1947, his trio partners were Leo Blevins on electric guitar and Andrew Harris on bass. (Our source for the personnel is Bell's 1978 interview in Living Blues.) Bell's wry vocalizing on \"Just about Easter Time\" (a song written by Tom Archia)) may have missed its seasonal window in 1948. Aristocrat 1901 was apparently released in March 1949. (It was probably the first Aristocrat 78 to carry the new green label; however, a copy with the older white label has turned up.) The other two sides from this session were finally released on the new Chess label, in June 1950.", "precise_score": 3.4243319034576416, "rough_score": 2.457674741744995, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In all, Lee Monti enjoyed 9 releases on Aristocrat (10 if 507 ever saw the light of day, as we think is likely). But he was finished recording for the company, and his releases ended with Aristocrat 510, which came out in November 1948. We suspect his market was seen as regional rather than national, and he no longer fit the direction that Leonard Chess wanted to take. However, James Martin, who had been Aristocrat's Chicago distributor for white record buyers, knew how much demand there was for Monti and the Tu Tones. When he started a new company called Sharp to cater to regional demand (it officially opened on May 1, 1949), the Tu-Tones were one of the first four acts he signed (Billboard, April 30, 1949, p. 17). A few months later, Sharp made a deal with London, a label with far wider distribution, so many of Monti's sides appeared on it, and in 1953 Sharp made a comparable deal with MGM. Monti's last known record was a 45-rpm single done in 1959 for the Wedgwood label.", "precise_score": 2.8430309295654297, "rough_score": 5.819789409637451, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "For items not initially released on Aristocrat, first releases are shown in parentheses. The Chess numbering series began in June 1950 with Chess 1425; Chess releases from June through September 1950, immediately after the transition, are given dates in parentheses.", "precise_score": -1.1838806867599487, "rough_score": -1.998085379600525, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Among the jazz contingent, Gene Ammons made as many as 8 tracks, on his own and backing singers. There is no longer any doubt of the central role that Leonard Chess was playing at Aristocrat. He had arranged for Ammons to headline at the Macomba Lounge during the month of February, while Tom Archia worked Ammons' usual precinct over at the Congo Club—and the session was cut on February 28. Although Jug was still under contract to Mercury—in fact, had just done a session for Mercury on February 5—Aristocrat took the risk of mentioning him on the label, albeit as a sideman and not the leader. He is credited as a featured player on the Christine Chatman single, Aristocrat 8001. The two instrumentals, which came out on Aristocrat AR-711, were packaged as the \"Three O'Clock Jam Session,\" with all of the participants named on the label (though guitarist Leo Blevins' name was misspelled \"Blivers\"). This would be the third and last Aristocrat to list all of the musicians on the label (the other two were by the Five Blazes, way back at the beginning of the company's history). Two more vocal sides would eventually be issued under Ammons' name, but only after the company's name changed in June 1950.", "precise_score": 2.3843204975128174, "rough_score": -0.5647550225257874, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "There is an anomaly in the latter-day 400 series: two records, both released in February 1950, and both purporting to be Aristocrat 409. One is by guitarist Floyd Smith from a session of June 8, 1949, done by John Coppage at United Broadcasting Studios and later sold to Leonard Chess; the other is by the Dozier Boys , recorded for Aristocrat in December. Meanwhile, there is no Aristocrat 408. So which release was originally intended to bear this number?", "precise_score": 2.6382102966308594, "rough_score": 5.466554641723633, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Up to now Tibbs had been Aristocrat's best selling artist nationwide, but Muddy Waters was moving up quickly on him. Tibbs would record a final session for the Chess brothers in July 1950, after Aristocrat had morphed into Chess records. He was accompanied by another band led by Sax Mallard . Not long after that, Andrew Tibbs went to Lexington, Kentucky, to be treated for heroin addiction. When he emerged, he had kicked the heroin habit, only to take up the bottle. In subsequent years, Tibbs' opportunities to record became increasingly infrequent. He cut sides for Peacock (1951), Savoy (1951—these are still unissued), Mercury (1951-1952; he was reunited with Sax Mallard on those), Atco (1956, with his older brother Kenneth), and m-Pac! (1965). He remained active in the clubs during the 1950s, usually being billed as the \"Crown Prince of the Blues.\" By the mid-1960s he had moved into a day job in the computer industry, where he remained for the rest of his life, though he still sang at parties and occasional engagements. Tibbs died in Chicago on May 5, 1991.", "precise_score": -0.5535023212432861, "rough_score": 3.4413468837738037, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Aristocrat made a truly inspired A&R decision when it decided to include Little Johnny Jones on Muddy Waters' second session of the year, which took place in September, around the time the Dew Drop Inn decided to hold him over (contract for 2 months posted on September 15). Baby Face Leroy Foster played guitar with his hands and bass drum and hi-hat with his feet; Muddy calls out to him on \"Where's My Woman Been.\" Neither Jimmy Rogers nor Little Walter from Muddy's working group had been invited to record with him in the studio yet. Thanks to Jones' rolling piano, \"Screaming and Crying\" achieves a tone of gentle nostalgia that Muddy never quite matched on any of his other records. Listening to entire session straight through, as is now possible on The Aristocrat of the Blues, shows a lot of activity on the part of Leonard Chess and the engineer, as the balance among the instruments is shoved around from one number to the next.", "precise_score": -1.6887012720108032, "rough_score": -1.3775993585586548, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In late November, Aristocrat made a foray into Saint Louis, attending a battle of the bands in search of talent to sign. An announcement in the Chicago Defender declared that the label was soon to record \"Freddie Blott, local blues and jump sensation\" with the Ditty Bo Hill combo (the inevitable title: \"Aristocrat Inks Blott,\" December 3, 1949, p. 26). But nothing came of these plans; over the next year, the Chess brothers spent sparingly on trips to the studio. As Barrel House Blott, the vocalist did eventually make one session, for Chance in 1953; he was accompanied by a Tommy Dean combo.", "precise_score": 3.9939239025115967, "rough_score": 6.1405463218688965, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "1950 opened very quietly. Leonard and Phil Chess, who now owned Aristocrat outright, were extremely conservative about booking new recording sessions; just 7 took place during the first half of the year.", "precise_score": 0.9356222152709961, "rough_score": 0.4627631902694702, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Although the label hadn't recorded any White pop artists since December 1947, the Chess brothers were sufficiently interested to record two sides by Penny Smith and release them on Aristocrat 410. This extremely rare 78 remained unknown to discography until Tom Kelly turned up a copy. The first Penny Smith session featured two sentimental songs, with syrupy accompaniment by accordion, guitar, and string bass. Who was in the band we do not know. Neither side featured the vocalist to advantage; \"Somewhere in a Dream\" made her sound girlish.", "precise_score": 1.989104986190796, "rough_score": 0.1789391040802002, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Muddy Waters stayed with the company after Aristocrat changed its name to Chess in June. In fact, he would become the company's longest-running artist. He outlasted the Chess brothers, who sold their operation to GRT in 1969; outlasted Leonard Chess, who died later that same year; and would still be on the roster when the Chess label quit making new recordings in 1975. The following year he signed with CBS, recording for that corporation's Blue Sky imprint, where Texas blues musician Johnny Winter produced his last four albums. By now the audience for his music had changed decisively: Waters' last gig at a black club took place in 1971. Muddy Waters died on 30 April 1983, in Westmont, Illinois.", "precise_score": 1.6533960103988647, "rough_score": 0.9114094376564026, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "It turns out that Aristocrat did release two of their sides. It's just that Walker and combo were accompanying Penny Smith, and the record was given the same catalog number as her previous effort. \"Here I Am\" is a much better than average lounge ballad, and her performance on \"Lover Come Back to Me\" is pretty hip. We learn from Cash Box, March 25, 1950, of \"Deejays Sir Oliver Edwards, Jim Lundsbury [sic] and Eddie Hubbard giving a grand ride to Penny Smith's first disk on Aristocrat label, 'Here I Am'\" (p. 11). Despite the large display ad Aristocrat took out for the record in the same issue, whoever jotted this down for the trade paper didn't realize that Penny Smith was backed by Bill Walker's group (mentioned in a different note on the same page), or that there had been a previous Aristocrat 410 (which Penny Smith, Jim Lounsbury, and the Chess brothers had all agreed to forget). In all, the new record is considerably stronger than the one it replaced, and \"Come Back to Me\" sounds like the Penny Smith we hear on many of her later recordings. But Aristocrat, even with three DJs giving the single a grand ride, and \"Sir\" Oliver Edwards endorsing it in an ad, couldn't find any more of a market for the second 410 than for the first one.", "precise_score": 2.9728920459747314, "rough_score": -0.11315964162349701, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Now signed directly to the label, the Blues Rockers, returned for a four-tune session in March. Retaining James Watts, Willie Mabon, Eddie El, and Earl Dranes, the group had shed its second guitarist and added a drummer (either Dizzy Pitts or Duke Tide). The first release from the session was advertised as being on Aristocrat 415, but one copy that we know of (formerly in the collection of Tom Ball) shows Aristocrat 413 on the label, whereas George Paulus's copy shows the intended 415. The sides were advertised as \"When Times Get Better\" and \"Blues Rocker's Hop,\" but each title came out somewhat differently on the labels. We have not yet heard Aristocrat 415, which must have been expected to do something, after the repsonse to Aristocrat 407, but by all indications sold very poorly. The second release from this session may have been on Aristocrat 417, but there is still no confirmation. Later on, the same two sides were advertised as being on Chess 1483, but the Chess single was apparently cancelled after being advertised and the actual first release must have been in a reissue package. On \"Little Boy,\" the vocals are handled by Willie Mabon (as the little boy) and James Watts, or someone else, singing falsetto (as the little girl). In all, very few sales were generated off this outing, which still awaits a comprehensive reissue after all these years.", "precise_score": 3.2283589839935303, "rough_score": -0.1966996192932129, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "As it turned out, this was the last session for Aristocrat, coming so late in the game that nothing from it ever appeared on that label. \"My Foolish Heart,\" was featured on the very first Chess single; the Chess brothers' business strategy proved sound when the record became a big hit. \"Goodbye\" would follow very quickly on Chess 1428; in fact, 4 of the first 7 Chess singles would be by Gene Ammons.", "precise_score": 1.284867525100708, "rough_score": 4.138741970062256, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chess brothers kept selling Aristocrat singles until January 1951. Several from the first half of 1950 were quickly reissued on Chess . Other tracks recorded during the first half of the year saw their first release on the new label. Consequently we are still not sure that we have documented every Aristocrat release in the final 400 series. In a previous version of this discography, we speculated that the missing Aristocrat 416 would be the second release from the Gene Ammons session of January 8, 1950. A copy of 416 turned up for sale on ebay in January 2004. We have no confirmation of a second Blues Rockers release on Aristocrat 417, but we continue to encourage collectors to look for it. By the time the Chess brothers were ready to change the company name, the Aristocrat 400 series had become completely dysfunctiona. There was no 408, no 414, no 415, no 417 (so far as we know), but there were two 409s, two 410s, and two 413s!", "precise_score": 4.550143241882324, "rough_score": 5.145646572113037, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Record Producer, Executive. Real name Lazer Shmuel Chez. A native of Motol, Poland, Chess was the co-founder of the legendary Chess Record Label Company, which was responsible for signing and starting the careers of some of music's biggest stars. The label's many talents included Jimmy Reed, Bo Diddley, John Lee Hooker, Robert Nighthawk, Muddy Waters, Gene Ammons, Jimmy Rogers, Howlin Wolf, Willie Dixon, Sonny Boy Williamson, Fontella Bass, Little Milton Campbell, Little Walter, Tommy Tucker, Etta James, Laura Lee, Koko Taylor, Elmore James, Buddy Guy, and the legendary Chuck Berry. The company also issued hits for such early rhythm and blues groups as the Moonglows and the Flamingos. Some of their best known chart toppers were \"Rollin Stone\", \"My Foolish Heart\", \"That's All Right\", \"Walking By Myself\", \"Sloppy Drunk\", \"Johnny B. Goode\", \"Juke\", and several others. Together with his brother Phillip, Chess began his career by becoming involved in the black nighclub scene on the south side of Chicago. The two brothers eventually joined the Aristocrat Records Label in 1947, and renamed it Chess in 1950. He also became involved in the broadcasting business and became a part owner of several radio stations including WVON-AM Radio (and it's affiliate in Milwaukee, Wisconsin), and WSDM-FM Radio, both in Chicago. The last ten years of his life were spent as the President of the L and P Broadcasting Company (1959 to 1969). After his death, from a heart attack at 52, his company passed through many hands until MCA acquired it in the 1990s. He was inducted into the Independent Music Hall of Fame. (bio by: K)", "precise_score": -0.3003522753715515, "rough_score": 1.527499794960022, "source": "search", "title": "Leonard S. Chess (1917 - 1969) - Find A Grave Memorial" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Brothers Leonard and Philip Chess were two Jewish immigrants from Poland who came to Chicago in 1928. They were involved in the liquor business and by the 1940's, they owned several bars on the south side of Chicago. Their largest establishment was a nightclub called the Macomba. The Macomba had live entertainment, many of those being blues performers that had migrated to Chicago from the Mississippi delta in the '30s and '40s. They realized that these performers were not being properly recorded, so they decided to start recording them themselves. In 1947 they entered into a partnership with Charles and Evelyn Aron in Aristocrat Records. The Arons had just formed Aristocrat Records to record blues, jazz and rhythm & blues.", "precise_score": -0.6017610430717468, "rough_score": -1.7862670421600342, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The most important artist to record on Aristrocrat was McKinley Morganfield, who recorded as Muddy Waters and had several successful singles on the label in 1947 and 1948. He had migrated from Mississippi to Chicago a few years before and was working semi-professionally until he met the Chess brothers. Initially his records contained only himself, a piano and bass and his raw singing style reflected the spirit of the bars he played in. Through their connections with radio stations and local clubs, the Chess brothers were able to build Muddy Waters into Chicago's leading blues singer.", "precise_score": 2.8722729682922363, "rough_score": 5.38348388671875, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In late 1949, Leonard and Phil Chess purchased the interests of the Arons and became the sole owners of Aristocrat Records. On June 3, 1950, they reorganized the company and changed its name to Chess Records. Chess Records flourished in those early days of both rhythm and blues and independent record companies. Chess along with Atlantic, Aladdin, Specialty, Imperial, Modern and King were giving the public music that they could not get from the larger, established \"major\" record companies.", "precise_score": 5.572348117828369, "rough_score": 6.504193305969238, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "This discography was compiled using Schwann catalogs from 1956 to 1975, Phonolog from 1963 and 1967, MCA order sheets, research in used record stores, and our personal record collections. The Michael Ruppli Discography of Chess Records was the source of information about unissued records and a few track lineups. We also recommend reading Robert L. Campbell and George R. White's fine history of Aristocrat Records, which is available on the web by clicking on the link.", "precise_score": 0.26663023233413696, "rough_score": -0.8389831185340881, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Formerly known as Aristocrat Records, the two brothers brought a stake of the company in 1947. In 1950 they became sole owners and renamed it Chess Records. Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , and Howlin' Wolf have all recorded on this label. ", "precise_score": 7.613282203674316, "rough_score": 9.16124153137207, "source": "search", "title": "Independent Record Labels - The Feel Good 60s Music - The ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1938 Leonard and Phil bought several taverns in Chicago, including the Macomba Lounge on the city's South Side, which featured many jazz and blues players. Noticing that the artists in their clubs had no place to record, in 1947 Leonard invested in a start-up record label, Aristocrat Records. By 1950 he had bought out his partners, and he and brother Phil became sole owners and renamed the label Chess Records. They signed such artists as Muddy Waters , Bo Diddley , Sonny Boy Williamson and Chuck Berry , among others. The label eventually expanded its scope from blues and jazz artists to include rock, R&B, gospel, spoken-word and even comedy artists. Leonard and Phil built Chess Records (and its subsidiary labels Checker, Argo and Cadet) into one of the biggest and most respected independent labels in the business.", "precise_score": 5.510942459106445, "rough_score": 5.804172515869141, "source": "search", "title": "Leonard Chess - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1947 he was one of the investors in a record label, Aristocrat Records. By 1950 he had bought out his partners and he and brother Phil Chess became sole owners of the label, which they renamed Chess Records.", "precise_score": 6.425283908843994, "rough_score": 9.250041007995605, "source": "search", "title": "Leonard Chess - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess Records was an American record company, founded in 1950 in Chicago and specializing in blues and rhythm and blues. Over time it expanded into soul music, gospel music, early rock and roll, and occasional jazz and comedy recordings, released on the Chess, Checker, Argo, and Cadet labels. The Chess catalogue is currently owned by Universal Music Group and managed by Geffen Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.552857398986816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Founded and run by Polish immigrant brothers Leonard and Phil Chess, the company produced and released many singles and albums regarded as central to the rock music canon. The musician and critic Cub Koda described Chess as \"America's greatest blues label.\"[ Allmusic ((( Chess Blues > Overview )))]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.16439437866211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess was based at several different locations on the south side of Chicago, initially at two different locations on South Cottage Grove Ave. The most famous location was 2120 S. Michigan Avenue from around 1956 to 1965, immortalized by British rock group the Rolling Stones in \"2120 South Michigan Avenue\", an instrumental recorded there during the group's first U.S. tour in 1964. The Stones recorded at Chess Studios on two more occasions. The building is now the home of Willie Dixon's Blues Heaven Foundation. In the mid-1960s, Chess re-located to a much larger building, at 320 E. 21st St., the label's final Chicago home.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.358914375305176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess brothers' company", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.497468948364258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The first release on Chess was the 78 RPM single \"My Foolish Heart\" b/w \"Bless You\" by Gene Ammons, which was released as Chess 1425 in June 1950, and became the label's biggest hit of the year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.16026496887207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1951, the Chess brothers began an association with Sam Phillips' Memphis Recording Service. One of the most important recordings that Phillips gave to Chess was \"Rocket 88\" by Jackie Brenston/Ike Turner and his Delta Cats which topped Billboard magazine's R&B Records chart and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998 because of its influence as a rock and roll single. One of the most important artists that came out of Memphis was Howlin' Wolf, who stayed with the label until his death in 1976. Many songs created by Chess artists were later reproduced by many famous Rock n' Roll bands and artists such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Beach Boys and Eric Clapton. Some of the core riffs created by Bo Diddley, Willie Dixon, Chuck Berry, Howlin Wolf, Muddy Waters, Buddy Guy and others were the basis of a wide amount of Rock n' Roll.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.976217269897461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1953, Leonard Chess and Gene Goodman set up Arc Music BMI, a publishing company that would publish songs by many rhythm and blues artists. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.132692337036133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In the mid-1950s, the Chess brothers received two doo-wop groups by Alan Freed, the Coronets and the Moonglows; the former group was not very popular but the latter achieved several crossover hits including \"Sincerely\", which was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002. Several of Chess's releases gave a writing credit to Alan Freed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.778993606567383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "During the 1950s, Leonard and Phil Chess handled most of the production. They brought in producer Ralph Bass in 1960 to handle the gospel output and some of the blues singers. Bassist and songwriter Willie Dixon was also heavily involved in organizing blues sessions for the label and is now credited retroactively as a producer on some re-releases. During the 1960s, the company's A&R manager and chief producer for soul/R&B recordings was Roquel \"Billy\" Davis, who had previously worked with Motown founder Berry Gordy on songs for Jackie Wilson, Etta James, Marv Johnson and on early Motown releases.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.808563232421875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1958, Chess began producing their first LP records which included such albums as The Best of Muddy Waters, Best of Little Walter, and Bo Diddley.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.475508689880371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess Records was also known for its regular band of session musicians who played on most of the company's Chicago soul recordings, such as drummer Maurice White and bassist Louis Satterfield, both of whom would later shape the funk group Earth, Wind, & Fire; guitarists Pete Cosey, Gerald Sims and Phil Upchurch; pianist Leonard Caston, later a producer with Motown; and organist Sonny Thompson. In 1962, Chess Records was sued by Peacock Records for recording their artists Reverend Robert Ballinger and the Five Blind Boys of Mississippi. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.938144207000732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1969, Chess Records established a subsidiary label called Middle Earth Records in the U.K., which was distributed by Pye Records. The subsidiary specialized in Psychedelic rock and was a joint venture with the Middle Earth Club in London. The Middle Earth label released only 4 albums titles and about a dozen singles before it was closed in 1970. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.433544635772705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The company was briefly run by Marshall Chess, son of Leonard, in his position as vice-president between January and October 1969, and then as president following its acquisition by GRT, before he went on to found Rolling Stones Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.430448532104492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1969, the Chess brothers sold the label to General Recorded Tape (GRT) for $6.5 million. In October 1969, Leonard Chess died and by 1972, the only part of Chess Records still operating in Chicago was the recording studio, Ter-Mar Studios. Following the sale of Chess to GRT, Phil left the label to run WVON radio station. In the 1970s, Chess Records and its publishing arm Arc Music were successfully sued by Muddy Waters and Willie Dixon for non-payment of royalties owed to them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.873056411743164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Although Chess had produced many R&B number ones and major pop hits over the years, it was in 1972 that the label finally reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 with Chuck Berry's \"My Ding-a-Ling\", a live recording from a concert in Coventry, England. However, this became the company's 'swansong' release. GRT had moved the label to New York City, operating it as a division of Janus Records. Under GRT, Chess effectively vanished as an important force in the recording industry. In August 1975, GRT sold the remnants of Chess Records to New Jersey-based All Platinum Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.062114715576172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In the early 1980s, noticing that much of the Chess catalog was unavailable, Marshall Chess was able to convince Joe and Sylvia Robinson, who ran All Platinum, to re-issue the catalog themselves under his supervision (All Platinum had been licensing selected tracks out to other companies, which ultimately resulted in the disappearance of some original master tapes). The re-issued singles and LPs sold well, but by the mid-80s, All Platinum fell into financial difficulties and the Chess master recordings were acquired by MCA Records, which itself was later merged into Universal Music imprint, Geffen Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.225650787353516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In February 1997, MCA started releasing eleven compilation albums for the 50th anniversary of Chess Records. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.247597694396973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In the 1990s, MCA Records sued Charly Records for selling CDs which contained copyrighted material by Chess artists. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.804279327392578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In the 2000s, Universal's limited-edition re-issue label, Hip-O Select began releasing a series of comprehensive box-sets devoted to such Chess artists as Muddy Waters, Little Walter, Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.490501403808594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess Records was the subject of two films produced in 2008, Cadillac Records and Who Do You Love?. In addition to the Chess brothers, both films feature portrayals of or based on Willie Dixon, Muddy Waters, Little Walter, Chuck Berry, Howlin' Wolf and Etta James. Cadillac Records was directed by Darnell Martin and features an ensemble cast including Adrien Brody, Mos Def, Beyoncé Knowles and Jeffrey Wright. Who Do You Love was directed by Tony Award winner Jerry Zaks and stars Alessandro Nivola playing Leonard Chess \"as a complicated, driven man, hard on both his musicians and his family, yet with a real love for some of America's greatest music.\" The latter film's world premiere was at the Toronto International Film Festival, September 11, 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.652437210083008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chess Records" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "By September 1947, Leonard Chess, the proprietor of a neighborhood bar and after-hours joint called the Macomba Lounge (3905 South Cottage Grove), had invested in the company and become involved in the sales end of Aristocrat's operations. Leonard Chess's name was first associated with the company in an item that appeared in Billboard on October 11, 1947; he was identified as a new addition to \"the sales staff.\" By then he was already wholesaling Aristocrat product out of the trunk of his Buick. Aristocrat had first drawn Leonard Chess's attention in June when Sammy Goldberg recruited Tom Archia , the tenor saxophonist who was working in the house trio at the Macomba, for a session led by drummer Jump Jackson. The company liked Archia's work and promptly brought him back for two more sessions as a leader. In late August or early September, Goldberg was responsible for signing Andrew Tibbs, who sang around the corner from the Macomba at Jimmy's Palm Garden, and became accustomed to dropping into the Macomba at intermission. Leonard Chess was also interested in recording an artist he believed would be a big success. As it turned out, Sunnyland Slim, who had been recruited by Sammy Goldberg, and Muddy Waters, who had gotten a call from Sunnyland Slim, were recording the same day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8789634704589844, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Sammy Goldberg's tenure at the company lasted only a few months; he moved on after the flurry of recording in the final quarter of 1947. Over time, Leonard Chess increased his share in the firm by buying the Brounts out. As he became more involved in the record business, he increasingly left the day-to-day operation of the Macomba to his brother Phil. After the Arons separated in 1948, Leonard Chess and Evelyn Aron ran the firm. In December 1949, Evelyn Aron married Art Sheridan and left to form American Distributing. The Chess brothers bought out her remaining share and became the sole owners; only at this point did Phil Chess become involved in the record company's operations. On June 3, 1950, the brothers changed the name of the company to Chess, and adopted a new numbering system starting at 1425, the address of their childhood home on South Karlov Street in Chicago. (In 1957, they would also begin the Chess LP series at 1425.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.14695930480957, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "By the end of 1949, the system had crumbled under its accumulated inconsistencies, and the Chess brothers (who now had exclusive control of the label) slotted all new releases until the name change into the old 400 series: 404 through 418. Except that not every number in this segment were used—408, 414, and 417 are missing, and 409, 410, and 413 were all used twice!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.88341999053955, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "No serious vault research had ever taken place at Chess Records until shortly before Leonard and Phil Chess sold the company to GRT in 1969, at which point Ralph Bass was faced with the task of sorting and identifying piles of unlabeled tapes that Chess had been storing at Universal Recording. Porter's verdict: \"I've been around tape vaults at Prestige, Savoy, Verve, and Atlantic as well as Chess (I was hired to work with Bass to set up the Chess vault in Nashville when the Chicago office was closed) and Chess was far and away the worst organized in terms of data. Just a mess.\" In his notes to a 1975 2-LP set that collected all of Gene Ammons' known work for Aristocrat and Chess from 1948 to 1951 (despite his efforts to make it complete, the set skipped five released sides on which Ammons played), Porter complained that most of the session sheets were missing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.277166366577148, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Not one of Phil Chess's favorites... From the collection of Dan Kochakian.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.188619613647461, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Jackson first recorded as a leader on 13 September 1946 for Columbia, cutting four sides. St. Louis Jimmy Oden was the vocalist on three of them. On that session Bill Casimir (tenor sax) and Ransom Knowling (bass) joined Jackson's quartet, which around this time begain a 6-month residency at the Blue Heaven Lounge (742 East 63rd). On September 26 and October 4, 1946, Jackson laid down ten tracks for the West Coast label, Specialty, which was making a rare foray into Chicago. Between March and June 1947, Jackson divided his efforts between the Blue Heaven and the Argyle Lounge or the Zanzibar Lounge. By the middle of June 1947, when he got the call from Aristocrat, Jackson's band was being featured at the Morocco Lounge, in the same neighborhood as Leonard Chess's Macomba Lounge, where Tom Archia led the house trio. Jackson had not been on a recording session since he finished his work for Specialty, so he must have welcomed the opportunity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.249888896942139, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "For their first outing, Tom Archia and his All Stars appear to have used the same rhythm section of Bill Owens on piano, Hurley Ramey on guitar, Dallas Bartley on bass, and Jump Jackson on drums. Archia was playing 6 nights a week at the Macomba Lounge with Wendell Owens on piano and Glenn Brooks at the drums, but while this session was being recorded, Leonard Chess was in the midst of a battle with the Local 208 leadership— on account of his desire to get rid of the pianist and the drummer and hire new musicians to play with Archia. So it is unlikely that either of them would be on a recording session for Aristocrat. On August 10, the Local 208 Board finally allowed Archia to remain at the Macomba after a new pianist and drummer were hired, but only under the condition that someone else be the leader. Archia, who had been on the outs with Local 208 President Harry Gray since 1944, did not officially become the leader at the Macomba until the spring of 1949. Because Archia was known for participating in tenor battles, Buster Bennett , then a big draw in the South Side clubs, was brought in as his dueling partner. But because Bennett was under contract to Columbia, he was credited with vocals only. Both saxophonists were maximally inspired that day, and Tom's throaty tenor sound with the strong Lester Young influence contrasted perfectly with Buster's rasp and his all-around gutbucket attitude.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.216595649719238, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The house trio at the Macomba, in May 1947. The only advertisement that Leonard Chess ever took out for his club, it ran for several weeks in the Chicago Bee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362814903259277, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In February 1947, Tom Archia joined the house trio at the Macomba Lounge, which was nominally led by pianist Wendell Owens. (He may have been in the house band for a time in the Fall of 1946, but this is not confirmed.) Except for a brief period on the road in April, when Archia performed at a Jazz at the Philharmonic concert in Detroit, he would remain at the Macomba for 8 months that year. Although Union politics prevented him from being the leader (see above), he was the main draw at the Macomba from Leonard Chess's point of view.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.918375015258789, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Andrew Tibbs was born Melvin Andrew Grayson on 2 February 1929 in Columbus, Ohio. His father was the prominent Chicago Baptist minister, Reverend S. A. Grayson, and Tibbs got his start singing in church choirs. His brother Robert for a time was married to Dinah Washington. When he surreptitiously began singing blues in clubs, he used his middle name and his mother's maiden name, becoming \"Andrew Tibbs.\" His route to Aristocrat began when in 1947 he was singing at Jimmy's Palm Garden. At intermission, he would go around the corner to the Macomba Lounge and sing during that club's intermissions. Sammy Goldberg saw him at the club and signed him to Aristocrat; Leonard Chess saw commercial potential in recording Tibbs, and decided to invest in the company, which was already recording Tom Archia. Tibbs' debut session has always been said to be the first one that Leonard Chess attended.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.618737697601318, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Aristocrat 1101 was not played on the radio in some parts of the South because of its A side, a Black man's crocodilic lamentation on the death of a notorious White racist. Russian artists who were compelled to praise Josef Stalin would fully understand lines like \"Since Mr. Bilbo is dead, I feel like a fatherless child.\" Nadine Cohodas has shown that Marshall Chess's old story about the 78 being destroyed in quantity by union truckers on account of Side B is completely apocryphal. Aristocrat didn't use trucking companies to ship its product, because it couldn't afford them; and if anyone came after Leonard Chess with a crowbar as he was wholesaling the record out of the trunk of his Buick, the incident remains undocumented. Besides, there is nothing that would annoy Teamsters on the record: the number talks about how an unnamed union is really powerful, so no one should mess with Tibbs now that he is a member. Apocryphal dramatics aside, the single seems to have sold well locally upon its release in November. The followup, Aristocrat 1102, hit the racks around March 1948; surviving copies are a good deal harder to find.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8258750438690186, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Feelings about the September session appear to have been mixed at the company. The two sides featuring Sunnyland Slim (good but not great examples of his work) were held until early March 1948, when Aristocrat 1301 was released to no great effect (Billboard placed its release date around March 7). Muddy's two numbers, which came out on Aristocrat 1302 that same month, drew even less interest. And legend has it that Leonard Chess complained about not understanding a word that Muddy was singing. Of course, he was attending his first recording sessions that day, and Sunnyland Slim and Muddy Waters were simply not part of the world of the Macomba Lounge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.674058437347412, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Next, the company called on someone whose music Leonard Chess did understand. Tom Archia was called back in October for a straightahead jazz session. It consisted of four sides done with what we think is a working rhythm section from the Macomba: Bill Searcy (piano), Lowell Pointer (bass), and Robert \"Hendu\" Henderson (drums), with Leo Blevins (a frequent guest) added on guitar. The little that we know about the Milt Larkin Orchestra suggests that it often took Count Basie as its model, and Tom Archia was definitely attentive to Lester Young's role in that band. It didn't hurt that Bill Searcy was originally from Kansas City. So \"Jam for Sam\" has a definite Basie small-group feel to it. \"Macomba Jump\" is a bopper's jubilant romp over \"I Got Rhythm\" changes. \"Slumber,\" a minor blues, could be Tom Archia's masterpiece; \"Downfall Blues\" is the only one of Archia's records to preserve his rowdy vocalizing. Compare what Tom Archia laid down on this session with the sides that Dexter Gordon was making at the time—or for that matter, with recordings from the same period by Lester himself—and we don't think Tom Archia will come out on the short end.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.64826488494873, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Sykes enjoyed a brief run as an added attraction in Lionel Hampton's band—playing the piano while standing, he is pictured in Hamp's 1946 Swing Book. In September 1946, his \"pianology\" was featured at the Swan Club in Philadelphia (Billboard, September 9, 1946, p. 22), and a couple of weeks later he was back at Orsatti's, a Philadelphia club he had played several times in the past (Billboard, September 21, 1946, p. 34). From 1947 through 1952 he worked frequently in Chicago and may have been based there. On January 16, 1947, Sykes' contract for 30 weeks at the Bar o' Music (a joint that featured solo pianists or trios) was accepted and filed by Musicians Union Local 208. In April 1950, he landed a two-week gig at the Bee Hive Lounge, when it was still emphasizing blues and traditional jazz (contract accepted and filed with Musicians Union Local 208 on April 20). He also got into trouble with Local 208 for joining Claude McLin in a jam session with Tom Archia 's combo at the Macomba Lounge on April 11, 1950; obviously he was still on good terms with Leonard and Phil Chess, or he wouldn't have been welcome on that occasion. If he was showing up for his nightly work loaded, as Roy Searcy claimed, it's surprising that Sykes hadn't already been in trouble with Harry Gray and his deputies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.621397972106934, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Bell was born on 29 August 1910, in Peoria, Illinois. After graduating from high school in St. Louis in 1928, he pursued a career in music. Starting out with a carnival band, he spent the 1930s in local Swing bands like Earl Van Dyke's Plantation Cotton Pickers, Al Williams' St. Louis Syncopators, and Cecil Scott's Salt and Pepper Shakers. Near the end of the decade he headed his own band, before joining the great Jeter-Pillars band in 1940 (where he played trumpet!). During the 1940s, leading his own bands, he worked out of St. Louis, Detroit, and New York. He was discovered by Leonard Chess working with his trio. After Aristocrat, Bell did a session in Shreveport in 1949 that remained unreleased until JSP put out an LP of his work in 1979. In 1950, he recorded two sides for the Texas-based Royalty label and another two for Premium in Chicago; a final session on Chance in 1954 led to one obscure release that the company put in its pop series. During his last decades, Bell worked in Peoria playing piano bars. He died on 31 December 1987 in Peoria.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.831599235534668, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The U7000 series is used as the framework for this discography; UB 9000 items are inserted in their approximate chronological locations. Therefore, sessions for Aristocrat appear roughly in order by recording date. Matrix numbers that have been verified from actual Aristocrat 78s (or from later Chess singles) are indicated in bold. Many Aristocrat matrix numbers are followed by an R in the wax (some even show a 1R or 2R). These seem to indicate a remastering job (or,specifically, a first or second remastering) and, being rather common and not otherwise informative, are not included here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.114535808563232, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Because the Aristocrat and Chess masters were so poorly organized, no one realized for years that the Christine Chatman sides came from the same session as \"Stuffy\" and \"Once in a While\"—or even that they had been released. They were first included in a reissue package in 2003, when Classics put them on the second volume of its chronological Gene Ammons series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.981504440307617, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Leonard Chess continued his tenor saxophonist exchange program for another round, bringing Claude McLin in to headline at the Macomba in the second half of March. McLin would have been well known to him because he had enjoyed a long run at Ciro's Theater Lounge and made frequent appearances at the Macomba's jam sessions. A session was scheduled for March 22, on which McLin backed singer and pianist Laura Rucker; the group was rounded out with McLin's regular sidemen: guitarist Rudy Mason, bassist Walter Spratley and drummer James King. (McLin would return to record as a leader for the Chess label, cutting three more sessions in 1950 and 1951.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.617966651916504, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Claude McLin was born Claude Johnson McLin Jr. in Chicago, on December 27, 1925; he attended DuSable High School, gradating in August 1944. In April 1944, he played in a Chicago-area \"baby band,\" led by Levi Sayles and probably sponsored by Captain Walter Dyett; he sat next to an even younger tenor saxophonist named Johnny Griffin. On graduating from high school, he was inducted into the Army. On returning to Chicago in late July 1946, he picked up occasional work in the clubs and a regular spot on the Sunday matinee dances that McKie Fitzhugh was promoting at the Pershing Ballroom. On several occasions, these would put him on the same bill as his idol Lester Young. He also got regular publicity in the Defender for his tenor battles with Gene Ammons, Von Freeman, Tom Archia, Johnny Griffin, Jay Peters, and others. Beginning in February 1947, he also picked up regular club gigs, at places like Jimmy's Palm Garden and the Hollywood Lounge. From June through December 1947, Claude McLin and his 2 Kings and a Queen, with Wanda Chevonry, piano, Walter Spratley, bass, and James King, drums, were in residence at Ciro's Theater Bar, 820 East 39th Street. McLin sat in frequently at the Macomba Lounge during this period, which is probably when he came to the attention of Leonard Chess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.660850524902344, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In March 1949, Leonard Chess brought Claude McLin into the Macomba for two weeks before Tom Archia returned from working the Congo Club. The recording session took place not long after McLin started at the Macomba (his last day there was April 3). In May, McLin's combo was at the Boulevard Lounge, and from June through November 1949 his quartet (with Clarence \"Sleepy\" Anderson on piano and Gene Wright on bass for part of the run) was in residence at El Morocco Lounge, another establishment in the immediate neighborhood of the Macomba.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.892892837524414, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "McLin would run into trouble finding work in 1950 (outside of the ongoing Sunday matinees at the Pershing Ballroom), and a Parkway session that he did behind trombonist Bennie Green was shelved. But Leonard Chess remembered him and brought him back for three sessions as a leader on the new Chess label. The July 1950 session produced a hit version of \"Mona Lisa\"; it was followed up in November 1950 and August 1951. Claude McLin was also caught on a fan's tape recorder when he and members of Von Freeman's combo accompanied Charlie Parker at a Pershing Ballroom concert in October 1950; the tracks were later issued on Savoy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.84883975982666, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "St. Louis Jimmy was born James Burke Oden, June 26, 1903, in Nashville, Tennessee. He moved to St. Louis in 1917, where he performed and picked up his name. He arrived in Chicago in 1932 along with Roosevelt Sykes, who accompanied him on many of his earlier records. Oden recorded regularly during the 1930s and 1940s, scoring a big blues hit with \"Going Down Slow\" for Bluebird in 1941. Although he played piano himself, Oden usually just sang on his records, leaving the keyboard chores to more proficient performers. After World War II he began appearing on sessions with Sunnyland Slim. Probably in December 1947, he made two sides on a Slim session for Hy-Tone ; when it became clear that Hy-Tone wasn't going to release them, he took them to Joe Brown's Opera label. Probably in the early fall of 1948, he cut two sides at United Broadcasting Studios for Miracle , using a band that included tenor saxophonist Eddie Chamblee and his old friend Roosevelt Sykes. A few weeks later, he returned to the studio for Miracle with a Sunnyland Slim-led ensemble that included Muddy Waters on guitar, Oliver Alcorn on tenor sax, and Big Crawford on bass. Muddy's stinging slide guitar can be hearly prominently on \"So Nice and Kind\" and \"Florida Hurricane.\" Leonard Chess and Evelyn Aron were consequently motivated to buy at least these two sides and put them out on Aristocrat 7001—and to bill the band as \"Muddy Waters and His Blues Combo.\" What happened to the other two tracks from this session (those would be UB 9291 and 9292) remains a mystery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.561548233032227, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In the spring of 1949, Leonard Chess and Evelyn Aron decided to get back into gospel music (which up to now had been represented only by the Seven Melody Men). They acquired two sides by the Blue Jay Singers, then followed with new sessions by the Reverend Gatemouth Moore and the Norfolk Singers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.077199935913086, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In any event, the Floyd Smith 409—two blues by his regular trio (they are said on the label to include vocals by Floyd himself)—didn't circulate much. Even though he held down steady gigs in Chicago in 1949 and 1950, Floyd Smith didn't realize that his sides had been released until somebody told him, in November 1950, that the Chess reissue was being played on the radio. And finding out that his record had been released twice when Coppage had never paid him for doing the session didn't leave him well disposed toward future work with the Chess brothers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.524081230163574, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Although disappointed in the results of their first session, Leonard Chess and Evelyn Aron knew there was a market for downhome blues. So they brought back the Nighthawks back for a session on July 12. Ernest Lane (piano) and Willie Dixon (bass) provided the accompaniment. When it was done, Robert McCollum (as Local 208 spelled his name) had just settled in at the H&T Tavern (contract for an indefinite period filed on July 7; he probably stayed till October, when he was replaced by John Brim). As far as we know, this was Willie Dixon's first appearance on a recording session for the company. By 1954, Dixon would be occupying an important role at Chess , but in 1949, he was still a member of the Big Three trio, which was under contract to Columbia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.029929161071777, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Meanwhile Muddy Waters cut a session later in July, his first out of two on the year. At the time, he was working the Dew Drop Inn (10-week contract posted with Local 208 on July 7). Reverting to the formula employed on his July 1948 session, Leonard Chess recorded Muddy with just his slide guitar and Big Crawford's bass. (Meanwhile, Muddy had made a clandestine appearance in May on the short-lived Tempo-Tone label, on a session that included Little Walter, Jimmy Rogers, and Baby Face Leroy Foster from his working band. The sides were credited to Sunnyland Slim and Muddy did not sing lead on any of them.) Of the four sides, \"Little Geneva\" (named in honor of Muddy's wife) and \"Canary Bird\" (which had been in his repertoire since at least 1941) were released on Aristocrat 1311. The other two tracks were held back; eventually Chess decided to redo the titles in late July 1950, with a trio that included Little Walter's harmonica. The 1949 versions would lie unreleased until the 1990s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.167655944824219, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Here's one reason so little company documentation survives: a fire damaged the Aristocrat offices in August 1949. One wonders whether the perpetrators were really burglars who couldn't crack the safe (the official story) or people the company had gotten on the wrong side of. Chicago was, after all, a mobbed-up town. Leonard Chess could not have operated liquor stores or an after-hours club without having minor-league dealings with organized crime. And the Musicians Union, in keeping with the prevailing mores, was in the habit of sending armed \"representatives\" to close down non-Union sessions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.416545391082764, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Doziers were back at The New Martin's Corner in April 1950; later that month, Cornell Wiley also landed a job playing bass on Al Benson's TV show, which ran for about three months of Saturday nights on WBKB. In August, the group cut two titles for Chess ; after that they were dropped from the roster. They were signed by OKeh when Columbia decided to revive that imprint, but the sides they recorded in 1951 were left in the vault, ironically because some executive thought they sounded \"too White.\" In 1952, however, they were picked up by United . They ended up recording tracks in September 1952 and remaking some of them in January 1953, but in the end the company released two singles featuring overdubbed alto sax work by Tab Smith. The Dozier Boys went through a number of personnel changes, but continued to record for various companies until 1964 (when they issued a single on the WHAC label); the group finally broke up in 1970.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.372237205505371, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Penny Smith was the third in a long series stage names employed by Reba Jeanette Smith, who was born on February 1, 1928, in Corbin, Kentucky. In 1948, using the name Reba Penny Smith, she was Miss Plug Horse Derby in Lexington, Kentucky, then placed second in the Miss Kentucky State Fair contest. Going as Debbie Smith, she moved to Nashville and tried to break in as a singer. While doing a radio show there, she met Jim Lounsbury (1923-2006), who had recently become a DJ on WIND in Chicago. She was headed to Chicago to get publicity photos made, and he was flying back in a rented plane, so she hitched a ride with him. Not long after her arrival in Chicago, they were married. It's a reasonable guess that Lounsbury talked the Chess brothers into recording her, but preferred to keep his role quiet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.021565437316895, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chess brothers brought back the Nighthawks for a third and final session on January 5. Accompaniment was provided by Pinetop Perkins (piano) and again by Willie Dixon (bass); Ethel Mae sang on just one side. Aristocrat released two of the four tracks, \"Jackson Town Gal\" and \"Six Three O,\" on Aristocrat 413, which featured Robert Nighthawk's outstanding singing and slide guitar work. But the single did not sell well enough to keep the Chess brothers interested.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8849005699157715, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On January 8, the Chess brothers got another opportunity to record Gene Ammons— legally this time. His contract with Mercury had expired after a session in the fall. Ammons brought a working band into the studio: Bill Massey (trumpet); Matthew Gee (trombone); Julian \"Junior\" Mance (piano); LeRoy Jackson (bass); and Wes Landers (drums). Ammons liked the support he got from Jackson and Landers (who had been his session mates on the Tom Archia session of October 1948) so much that in the fall of 1949 he pried them away from the Macomba Lounge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.334057807922363, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Muddy Waters entered the studio in February 1950 to clean up after some moonlighting. He had been involved as a sideman for a session recorded in late January by Monroe Passis and George and Ernie Leaner for their Parkway label. The sessions used his working band with Jimmy Rogers on guitar, Little Walter on harmonica, and Baby Face Leroy Foster on drums; Walter had not recorded with him before. (At the time the band was working the Dew Drop Inn; Muddy filed another indefinite contract with the establishment on January 19). The eight sides released under Baby Face Leroy Foster and Little Walter's names included the extraordinary blues classic, \"Rollin' and Tumblin',\" which took up both sides of a 78. Though the piece was credited to the Baby Face Leroy Trio, Muddy Waters' guitar could be heard prominently, he was given composer credit, and his voice jumped right out of the primally moaning ensemble. Leonard Chess was not pleased, resolving to kill sales on the Parkway single by releasing a rival vesion. Whatever the motive behind it, the Aristocrat session, which would be the last to use only Big Crawford's bass for accompaniment, was superb. It produced a new two-part \"Rollin' and Tumblin',\" released on Aristocrat 1412. For the second part, Muddy recycled lyrics from two 1948 sides that Aristocrat had left in the vault: \"Kind Hearted Woman\" and \"Down South Blues.\" \"Rollin' Stone\" (on which Muddy starkly performed solo; it would later be the inspiration for a certain English rock group) and \"Walkin' Blues\" (which harks back to Robert Johnson and Son House) would be paired for Waters' first release on Chess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.04862642288208, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Penny Smith continued to perform on the radio and in public while raising two young children, Steve and Debbie, who were born in 1951 and 1952. For a few weeks in 1953, she worked on the air with her husband, who was subbing for another DJ on WGN; he then worked a little longer at WJJD before landing a long-term gig at WGN. In 1954, Jim Lounsbury started his Bandstand Matinee show on WGN-TV. By the time she got another chance to record, with the KaHill label out of Des Plaines, Illinois, it was the summer of 1955, her husband was featuring rock and roll on his shows, and she wanted to try her hand at it. From late August through the end of October 1955, while she waited for her first KaHill to come out, she sang with Joe Daley's jazz trio at Geno's Dance Lounge (formerly Ziggy's Gridiron Lounge, on East 83rd Street). She got two KaHill releases, one in October 1955 and one in December 1956. Both were done with studio bands directed by one Carmen Dello, featuring big-band orchestration along with the guitar soloing, but each had one side that could fairly be described as rock and roll. In November or December 1957, she cut a doo-wop record for Argo (the Chess brothers remembered her), the last time she went as Penny Smith on a record label. Argo 5295, released in January 1958, was credited to \"Penny and the Eko's.\" Berry Gordy wrote both of the songs with Roquel Davis, and was present for the session.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.02287483215332, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chicago Defender ran a photo of the Blues Rockers in August 1950, when the group was performing at Sam Evans' Ebony Lounge (444 West Chicago). No sign of Willie Mabon in the photo; the pianist had apparently resumed his solo career. In October 1952, Al Benson would record Mabon's \"I Don't Know,\" which was far too big a hit for his fledgling Parrot label to handle; a month or so later, he sold the single to the Chess brothers, for whom Willie Mabon would record regularly through 1956. Meanwhile, Earl Dranes was responsible for a release on J. Mayo Williams' Ebony label, a much lower-circulation affair. A later edition of the Blues Rockers—in which only \"Earley\" Dranes remained from 1949-1950—recorded in Nashville in 1955, for the Excello label. The 1955 Blues Rockers were responsible for one single (\"Calling All Cows\" b/w \"Johnny Mae\"), which was released as Excello 2062.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.742546081542969, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chess brothers continued to record Gene Ammons when he came through town. Ammons was spending a lot of time in New York during this period, usually including alto and tenor saxophonist Sonny Stitt in his ensemble. But Stitt was not along for his session on May 2, which employed the lineup, scarcely changed from January, of Bill Massey (trumpet); Matthew Gee (trombone); Junior Mance (piano); Gene Wright (bass); and Wes Landers (drums). By now Ammons had recorded for the short-lived Birdland Records, then begun recording for a more durable New York-based label called Prestige, though he was probably not yet signed to a long-term contract. The May session proved to be a classic. \"Tenor Eleven\" is an amiable swinger with a nice burry solo from Matthew Gee as well as excellent work by the leader. The other three items are all ballads, recorded with a lot of the famous Universal Recording reverb. \"Goodbye\" is rendered with tremendous pathos, and \"My Foolish Heart\" remains to this day the best-known jazz performance of a superior ballad. \"You Go to My Head,\" with the \"Country Gardens\" tag that Jug borrowed from Charlie Parker, is just as good, but was held back from release so it wouldn't compete with the other two.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.875704765319824, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Ammons would keep recording for Chess , in August 1950 (with Sonny Stitt on baritone sax this time) and May 1951 (with a rhythm section only). Why he quit recording for the Chess brothers is not entirely clear. He recorded for Prestige again in November 1951, but was apparently under no contractual obligation after that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.647773742675781, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Ammons and Stitt cut one session for Decca in 1952. Shortly afterward, they broke up their combo (though the duels would continue for years, whenever both saxophonists were working the same town). Ammons moved back to Chicago, where in 1952 and 1953 he would cut some sides for United using his touring group plus baritonist Mac Easton from the Red Saunders band. Gene Ammons returned to Prestige in November 1954; he remained under contract to the label and retained a wide popular following for the rest of his life. The Chess brothers recorded two quick Ammons LPs for their Argo subsidiary in 1961 and 1962. Prestige sued them, however, and took over the rights to the masters along with a monetary award.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.117912292480469, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The mix remained roughly the same during the first half of 1950: sessions by Muddy Waters, the Nighthawks, and the Blues Rockers, counterbalanced by two more Gene Ammons sessions and a quickly abandoned effort at pop that involved Penny Smith and Bill Walker. In addition, cuts by blues singer Big Charley Bradix were bought from Blue Bonnet Records, which was Aristocrat's distributor in Dallas. For some reason, however, the Chess brothers did no gospel recording in 1950, even though they would return to gospel in future years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.820111274719238, "source": "search", "title": "The Aristocrat Label - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Leonard S. Chess (1917 - 1969) - Find A Grave Memorial", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.338187217712402, "source": "search", "title": "Leonard S. Chess (1917 - 1969) - Find A Grave Memorial" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chess Story", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4458589553833, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chess Story", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4458589553833, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "With the success of Muddy Waters, other young Mississippi bluesmen were drawn to Chicago, many joined Muddy's band. One of the most brilliant musicians to play with Muddy was Little Walter Jacobs, whose outstanding harmonica made the band even better. In 1952, Chess formed a subsidiary label called Checker, and Little Walter recorded in his own right for the label. His first release was an instrumental called \"Juke\" which topped the Rhythm and Blues charts. He was able to top the charts again in 1955 with the vocal \"My Babe\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.096216201782227, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "A young record producer in Memphis Tennessee named Sam Phillips was recording a 300 pound farm worker named Chester Burnette, who became known as the \"Howlin' Wolf\". At the time he recorded Howlin' Wolf, Phillips, who later established Sun Records, did not have a record company so he leased the Howlin' Wolf masters to the Chess brothers. \"How Many More Years\" backed with \"Moanin in the Moonlight\" was a hit in 1951. Soon, Howlin' Wolf migrated to Chicago and signed with Chess Records. In 1956, Chess was able to recapture the intensity of his earlier Memphis recordings with the hit \"Smokestack Lightnin'\". Howlin' Wolf recorded for many years on Chess and was one of the most influential bluesmen in history, his influence can be heard in the music of many of the young British and American blues players that became so successful in the '60s and '70s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.969730854034424, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In addition to Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf and Little Walter, Chess recorded many other giants of post- war American blues such as Sonny Boy Williamson, Lowell Fulson, Memphis Slim, Jimmy Rogers, John Lee Hooker and Willie Mabon. Later, they recorded the next generation of Chicago blues artists with Buddy Guy, Little Milton and Koko Taylor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.963500022888184, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1954, Chess recorded two black vocal groups, the Flamingos and the Moonglows, singing sentimental songs in styles that had appeal to the white record buying public, also. The songs were \"Sincerely\" by the Moonglows and\" I'll Be Home\" by the Flamingos. Before the records could become big hits, though, they were covered by white singers, the McGuire Sisters with \"Sincerely\" and Pat Boone with \"I'll Be Home\" who took most of the record sales. Even though they did not get the sales, the Chess Record company became known to record distributors as a company that could produce hit music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.74561595916748, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1955, on a vacation trip to Chicago a young singer and guitar player from St. Louis named Chuck Berry met Muddy Waters, who encouraged him to see the Chess brothers. Chuck Berry auditioned for them with a song he had written called \"Ida Red\", Leonard and Phil liked the song but suggested a name change, the song was renamed \"Maybellene\" and became the first of his many Top 40 hits. With Chuck Berry, Chess Records had a singer whose sound could not be duplicated with cover records by white recording artists. Chuck Berry recorded for the Chess brothers for many years producing hit after hit. The songs he wrote and recorded for Chess include many of the signature songs of rock and roll; \"Roll Over Beethoven,\" \"Johnny B. Goode,\" \"Sweet Little Sixteen,\" \"Rock and Roll Music,\" \"Memphis,\" \"Brown Eyed Handsome Man\" and \"School Day\" among them. He is one of the giants of Rock and Roll and was one of the initial 10 inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.053199768066406, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Another singer/songwriter who could not be duplicated was discovered by Chess in 1955. His name was Elias McDaniels, who had moved from Mississippi to Chicago with his family as a boy. He auditioned for the Chess brothers with a song he had written called \"Uncle John\". Again, they liked the song but not the title, so McDaniels changed it to his own nickname, one that he had used as an amateur boxer, Bo Diddley. The Chess brothers signed Bo Diddley to a long term contract. His distinctive \"Shave and a Haircut\" rhythm was a staple on Checker Records for many years. His biggest hit was the self titled \"Bo Diddley\" backed with \"I'm a Man\" in 1955.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.386087417602539, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1956, Chess established a jazz subsidiary called Argo, and built an impressive stable of influential jazz artists like Sonny Stitt, James Moody, Yusef Lateef, Gene Ammons, Lou Donaldson, Lorez Alexandria, Ahmad Jamal and Ramsey Lewis. The catalog of albums on Argo was extensive. Even though Argo was primarily a jazz label, it also contains the work of Etta James, one of the finest female rhythm and blues artists ever, who is still making excellent albums today. In 1965 the name of the label was changed to Cadet, because of the existence of another record company called Argo in England.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.390835285186768, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Also in 1956, Chess began taking a bigger interest in music from New Orleans by signing veteran Paul Gayten to represent them there. Gayten brought them Clarence \"Frogman\" Henry who had a hit \"Ain't Got No Home\" in 1956 and \"(I Don't Know Why) But I Do\" and \"You Always Hurt the One You Love\" in 1961. Gayten also recorded Bobby Charles and Eddie Bo for Chess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.152443885803223, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chess religious and gospel recordings are also extensive. Chess devoted an entire series to the sermons of the Rev. C.L Franklin, pastor of the 4500 member New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit Michigan. They were also the first company to record his daughter Aretha Franklin, when as a teenager she recorded gospel music for the label. Their gospel catalog is almost exclusively contained on the Checker 10000 series and includes albums by the Five Blind Boys, Soul Stirrers, Alex Bradford and the Violinaires.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.736575603485107, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "During the early years of the label, Leonard and Phil Chess did everything. They were the quintessential '50s record men: they owned the label, they produced the music they loved themselves and managed the financial end of the business. As the label grew, they gradually delegated more and more of the creative side of the business to employees. In 1959, they were able to hire the veteran producer Ralph Bass away from King Records in Cincinnati to serve as A&R Director. Bass continued to record blues, gospel, and rhythm and blues. He brought in a young black producer named Billy Davis who expanded the company into soul music, Davis revived the career of Etta James and turned her into Chess Records' first soul star. A group called the Dells, which had formed in Harvey Illinois in 1953 went back and forth between Chess and another Chicago label Vee Jay several times, but when they came back to Chess in 1967, they recorded the fantastic album \"There Is\" which contained six hits, \"Oooo, I Love You\", \"Stay in My Corner\", \"Run For Cover\", \"There Is\", \"Show Me\" and \"Wear It on Your Face\". The Dells recorded many more albums for Cadet but never again reached the pinnacle of the album \"There Is\". Billy Stewart, a native of Washington D.C. first came to Chess in 1956 through Bo Diddley. Stewart played piano and sang with Diddley's band. In 1962, Stewart returned to Chess with his unique vocal style, which involved a stuttering, rapid-fire explosion of words. He recorded a string of soul hits for Chess, including \"I Do Love You\", \"Sitting in the Park\" and \"Summertime\". Other soul hitmakers for Chess were Fontella Bass who had the great hit \"Rescue Me\", Sugar Pie Desanto, Mitty Collier, Jackie Ross, Little Milton, the Radiants, Laura Lee and Jo Ann Garrett.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2858405113220215, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess Records was the great American blues record company. There is a story we've heard, perhaps even true, that when Brian Jones first saw Keith Richards, he started talking to him because he noticed he was carrying a copy of Chess LP-1427, \"The Best of Muddy Waters.\" Jones wanted to find out where he got it. When they formed a band, they named it after one of Muddy Waters' songs, \"Rollin' Stone.\" The Rolling Stones later came to Chicago to pay homage to the company by recording much of their album \"The Rolling Stones Now!\" at the Chess Ter Mar studios.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.868987083435059, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The late '60s were banner years for Chess, which makes the decline and fall of Chess Records hard to understand. In 1968, Billy Davis, the producer responsible for much of the soul music output, left to join an advertising agency as music director, and Leonard Chess, the creative force behind the company became more and more involved in a radio station he owned, WVON. When Billy Davis left, much of the cohesion in the creative staff was lost and many other producers and songwriters left. Ralph Bass stayed, but most of the talent was gone. In 1969, Leonard and Phil Chess sold Chess to General Recorded Tape (GRT) for 6� million dollars plus 20 thousand shares in GRT stock. In October 1969, the company suffered a devastating blow when Leonard Chess died. Quality output declined, and by the summer of 1972, the Chess Chicago offices were almost empty, the distribution company and pressing plants had been closed, and only the Chess Ter Mar studio was operating with a few employees. By the summer of 1975, GRT was dismantling what was left of Chess. In August 1975, with all of the GRT record operations closed down, what remained of Chess Records, was sold to New Jersey-based All Platinum Records. Although originally intended to be run as an active label, shortage of capital reduced the great Chess Records to a reissue label. When the Chess building in Chicago was sold, the new owners brought in dumpsters and chain saws and destroyed 250,000 records that had been abandoned there. It's sad to think of all that great music; Chuck Berry, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, Bo Diddley, Etta James and Muddy Waters being hauled away to a landfill. Even though the records were destroyed, the master tapes survived and are now the property of MCA, which has rereleased much of the Chess material during the 1980s and 1990s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.349405765533447, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess Records got into the long play record business relatively late, never having made any 10 inch albums as their contemporaries Atlantic, Aladdin, King, Imperial and Modern did. Their first album releases were in 1956 with several Argo jazz releases, all of them in the 12 inch format. The first album on Chess itself was the soundtrack of the movie \"Rock, Rock, Rock\", which came out in December 1956 and may be the first commercially released rock and roll motion picture soundtrack. Most of the black label Chess and Checker albums by their major blues and rock and roll stars are now very collectable and in demand. Even more collectable are a few of the early white label promotional albums which were pressed on multi-colored vinyl, those known to be available in this form are Chess LP-1439 and LP- 1441, Checker LP-2971 and LP-2973 and Argo LP-649. All of these were produced in 1958 or possibly early 1959, if anyone knows of any others please E-mail us with the information.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.505237579345703, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Also included with this Chess discography are three labels that were distributed by Chess. Tuff, a label that was formed in 1963 by Zelma Sanders in New York City that had one album, Neptune, a label owned by Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff of Philadelphia, and Heads Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.846020698547363, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "We would appreciate any additions or corrections to this discography. Just send them to us via e-mail . Both Sides Now Publications is an information web page, and we have no association with Chess/Checker Records. Chess and Checker are currently owned by MCA Records/Universal Music Group. Should you be interested in contacting MCA or acquiring albums listed in this discography (which are all out of print), we suggest you see our \"Frequently Asked Questions\" page and follow the instructions found there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.072809219360352, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On to the Chess Discography, Part 1 LP-1425 to LP-1553; CHV-400 Vintage Series", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337501525878906, "source": "search", "title": "Chess Record Label - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess Records, based in Chicago, was run and owned by two Polish immigrant brothers, Leonard and Phil Chess. It became one of the most important labels in rock-and-roll history, renowned for its blues, rock, and R + B music. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.631958961486816, "source": "search", "title": "Independent Record Labels - The Feel Good 60s Music - The ..." }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Leonard Chess - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463983535766602, "source": "search", "title": "Leonard Chess - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Leonard Chess", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.436561584472656, "source": "search", "title": "Leonard Chess - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Record-company executive and music-industry giant Leonard Chess was born Lejzor Czyz in a Jewish ghetto in Motel, Poland, in 1917. His father emigrated to the US, settling in Chicago and getting into the liquor business, and when he had established himself there he sent for the rest of his family in 1928. The family name was changed to Chess and Lejzor became Leonard. His brother, Fiszel, became Phil Chess , who later joined Leonard in the music business.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.012271881103516, "source": "search", "title": "Leonard Chess - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Leonard Chess died of a heart attack in 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435708045959473, "source": "search", "title": "Leonard Chess - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.875327110290527, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "After a few commercial successes in 1950, Leonard and Phil Chess felt they could afford to step up their recording activity in the new year. 1951 would also see them dip a toe in the growing market for 7-inch 45s. These had been brought to the market by RCA Victor, with much fanfare, in the fall of 1949, and some small labels (such as Rondo ) had accepted RCA's introductory offer of cheap mastering and pressing. Aristocrat had not, however, and during its first full year of operation, Chess hadn't either. One suspects that the gradual spread of 45-rpm jukeboxes had something to do with this decision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.418174982070923, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Lounge ballads like this one were losing favor with Chess's clientele. From the collection of Tom Kelly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465391159057617, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On release, \"Slow Caboose\" carried composer credits to Alan Freed, the influential Cleveland-based disk jockey, and to one Carl Germany. Although the Chess brothers did not engage in the wholesale production of bogus composing credits that was standard operating procedure for some of their competitors, in 1952 they did toss occasional writing credits in Freed's direction as an enticement to play their records. Just who Carl Germany was, and why it was important to toss him anything, is yet to be revealed, but his name shows up on several more labels from 1951 and 1952.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.473438262939453, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "A big gap in the U7000 series comes right after the Mallard session—no known sides between U7288 and U7299. Not counting the missing items (which could simply have been skipped in the master book) 94 new cuts were recorded for Chess during the year, nearly all at Universal Recording.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255026817321777, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Apparently Calvin Bostick's first release was doing well enough to warrant a second session. In mid-January, Bostick and trio laid down four sides, two of which appeared on Chess 1451. Blessedly, the company now took a hiatus from studio gimmickry (no speeded up piano lines this time). The released sides were a relaxed blues, sung in a style influenced by Nat King Cole but not blatantly imitative, and a better than average lounge ballad. Bostick sang both in a smooth baritone. The gentility quotient was high, but the solid musicianship made Bostick's trio one of the very best plying its trade in Chicago during the period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.015512466430664, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Next, the Chess brothers brought Muddy Waters and Jimmy Rogers back into the studio on January 23. This time, Muddy and band recorded a full session, followed by Jimmy Rogers with his own band for three sides. Then Rogers' pianist, Eddie Ware, got to do five more of his own.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.244209289550781, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Three of the the four sides laid down by Muddy (with Little Walter, harmonica, and Big Crawford, bass) were promptly released. On \"Honey Bee,\" Little Walter played second guitar, as he had previously done on the Parkway session. A fourth side was of comparable quality, but once the Chess brothers added a certain Memphis-based performer to their roster later in the year promoting a number titled \"Howlin' Wolf\" wouldn't have made for the best marketing procedure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.321035385131836, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess 1561 would also appear on 45 rpm, making it the company's oldest single recorded in Chicago to appear in that format in the first half of the 1950s. But this would not happen until 1954, judging from the different type font, and the placement of \"Record\" and \"Corp.\" in the company logo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.469209671020508, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "After testing the water with two sides that they bought from Joe Von Battle (see below, under purchased sessions), the Chess brothers decided to bring John Lee Hooker to Chicago for their own session at Universal. The session of April 26 was previously said (for instance, in Michel Ruppli's Chess Discography) to have been done in Detroit and sold to Chess, but the latest research (by Dave Sax and others) indicates otherwise. The outing was highly productive, leading to three singles on Chess. Because Hooker was still under contract to Bernie Besman in Detroit, the pseudonym \"John Lee Booker\" was applied, fooling precisely no one. Particularly when the company didn't even bother to carry the \"Booker\" handle over to the composer credits...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.121007919311523, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On May 3, Chess got a final opportunity to record Gene Ammons and his combo. This time Jug's tenor sax was accompanied by his regular rhythm section: Junior Mance (piano), Gene Wright (bass), and Teddy Stewart (drums). Two sides from May 3 were promptly released on Chess 1464. The other two would gather dust until the company put them on an LP. (See below for two sides by Gene's old front-line partner Sonny Stitt, which have been incorrectly associated with this session; they were recorded around the same time, but by Premium rather than Chess.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.802762031555176, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Considering Ammons' importance to the company (he practically kept Chess afloat in 1950) and his continuing commercial potential (the company was in a hurry to put his music on LP once it adopted that medium), we are not sure why and how he fell off the roster. Ammons may have had some lingering obligation to Prestige, but that presumably expired after his November 1951 session with that label. During 1952 and 1953, he recorded in New York for Decca, then in Chicago for United . Could Leonard Chess have made a bid and lost out to Lew Simpkins and Leonard Allen, or had his interest in Ammons simply diminished? In November 1954, Ammons resumed recording for Prestige, remaining under long-term contract to the company for the rest of his life. The Chess brothers would learn about this the hard way; in 1961 and 1962 they made a couple of quickie Ammons LPs for their Argo subsidiary, only to be compelled to hand over the masters, along with monetary damages, after Presige sued them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.753841400146484, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The next session in Chicago featured a singer named Lou Blackwell. The rest of the lineup remains unknown, as the sides have never been released. The Chess brothers could have found Blackwell's suave baritone too uptown for their tastes. Blackwell would turn in some respectable stand-up blues singing with Tab Smith's combo, on an October 1951 session for United , but he had no better luck getting those sides released. His third and last session, for Chance in November or December 1952, finally produced a single, though Art Sheridan may have intended it for his new pop series (but it was released after all in the label's blues and R&B series).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.34462833404541, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In June, John Peek and his band made their only session for the company. The single that was released, Chess 1471, featured the vocals of Erline Harris. The itinerant singer had been active on the recording scene for a couple of years. She made her debut with \"Rock and Roll Blues,\" recorded in New York City for DeLuxe in April 1949. She next surfaced in New Orleans, recording for Regal with Plas and Ray Johnson's combo in July of that year. In April 1950 she cut four sides for DeLuxe in Cincinnati, with backing from a band led by jazz saxophonist Joe Thomas. When she joined the Chess roster, Harris had been featured in Chicago clubs for more than a year; during a run at Ralph's Club (2159 West Madison) from April through June 1950 she was duly billed as \"Erline (Rockin and Rollin) Harris.\" At Ralph's Harris had been accompanied by tenor saxophonist Epp James and his band; who Peek was and why he was selected for this record date instead of James, or one of the company's house tenor saxoponists, we don't really know. We also don't know why the session for Chess was her last.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.585485458374023, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "July would prove to be a busy month in the studio. First Chess welcomed baritone saxophonist Leo Parker to Universal Recording. Parker had first attracted attention as a member of Billy Eckstine's band in 1944. By this time, he had recorded for several labels, and become as well known on the R&B scene as in the jazz world; he had also acquired a drug habit, and a corresponding reputation for unreliability. Parker was accompanied by a group of Chicago-based musicians: Eddie Johnson on tenor sax, Claude Jones at the piano (and an auxiliary doodad called the Lowrey Organo), Johnny Pate on bass, and Al Williams on the drum stool. Except for Williams, all had previously appeared on an Eddie South session recorded by Al Benson back in March (see below) and subsequently purchased by the company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.661550521850586, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Next Leonard Chess brought Muddy Waters in for a powerhouse session on July 11. The four tunes laid down that day are instantly recognizable from the heavy tread of the bass drum, played by Leonard Chess himself. Elga Edmonds, finally asked to appea with Muddy, wasn't getting the backbeat that Chess wanted, so he chased Edmonds off and applied himself to the foot pedal. We doubt that he advertised his presence on the records to Local 208... \"My Own Fault\" and \"Still a Fool\" appeared on Chess 1480, in October; within a year, the other two sides were on Chess 1490 and Chess 1509 (1509 being the first Muddy Waters item to garner a release on 45 rpm).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.830345153808594, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Muddy's session was immediately followed by a four-tune outing for Jimmy Rogers. Two sides were promptly released on Chess 1476.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410636901855469, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Felix Gross tracks were reportedly recorded in Los Angeles (Gross, a pianist and bandleader, had previously recorded for Exclusive and for Down Beat / Swing Time in LA; he had been with Regent in 1950). We had thought these were purchased from some outfit in LA, because we didn't know of the Chess brothers were recording anything in California at this early date. However, Billboard announced on January 20, 1951 (p. 14) that \"Chess label has inked Felix Gross, ex-Down Beat blues warbler.\" Meanwhile, Gross's second session for for Chess may have originated in Dallas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.981200218200684, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On August 4, the company tried one last time with Claude McLin and his combo. This time the band laid down four jazz originals; no violins added, no pop hits covered. Unfortunately from the company's perspective, the tenor saxophonist moved his family to Los Angeles early in 1952, before anything had been released from the session. Now that he was off the Chicago scene, the Chess brothers apparently concluded that McLin's sides would not get the sales push they needed. Two were finally released on an LP in 1972; the other two still repose in the vaults.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.889230728149414, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess goes for a hit instrumental on a popular tune. From the collection of Tom Kelly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.507354736328125, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Besides, the brothers had found a new jazz tenor saxophonist who they believed had major jukebox potential. Eddie Johnson had been on the Chicago scene since the late 1930s, and Leonard and Phil had surely crossed paths with him at some point during the previous decade. But the brothers' attention was apparently piqued by the March 1951 Eddie South session (see below), which they'd acquired from Al Benson. In October 1951, they gave Johnson and his combo another hit song to work with (in this case, \"Cold Cold Heart\" by Hank Williams); Chess 1488 was rushed into release (78 and 45 rpm formats) and given a strong advertising push, including a mention of Leonard's new and improved sewer-pipe method. The Ellingtonian \"Walk Softly,\" on the flip side, is what jazz fans today would notice. The single didn't quite meet the elevated sales targets that such activity implied, but the brothers persevered with Johnson, who would be their standard-bearer on tenor sax for the next year or so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.819886207580566, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Also in October, Chess invited Eddie Boyd in for a session with his working trio (piano, guitar, and bass). Boyd had a feeling the company was more interested in obtaining songs for its established blues artists than in adding him to the roster, even though he had been on the Chicago scene since the early 1940s and had recorded several sessions as a leader, going back to 1947. Boyd was fully justified in his suspicions: there was no effort to release anything from the session. But after his second session for JOB in May 1952 produced a massive hit in \"Five Long Years,\" the Chess brothers rethought their decision. However, the fact that \"Five Long Years\" as released used a larger combo with tenor sax (the sax was actually overdubbed) and drums discouraged any delayed releases from the October 1951 outing. The sides had to sit until the 1970s reissue programs kicked in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.975456237792969, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Later in October (well, maybe it was November), the Chess brothers waxed four tracks by a vocal group called Two Honeys and a Cone. Even though the brothers were investing more in 45s, and Chess 1500 was among those picked for release in the format, the response to the single obviously did not encourage further explorations of this particular market. The composer credits to \"Randolph\" point to trumpeter and bandleader Zilner T. Randolph (1899-1994) might be involved. Sure enough, a brief Chicago item in the March 1, 1952 issue of Billboard declared that \"Elaine [Randolph], daughter of cleffer [Zilner Randolph], debuts on the new Chess Records release, \"Twenty Robbers,\" singing as a member of Two Honeys and a Cone group and soloing\" (p. 40). The writer unfortunately garbled their names into \"Elaine Zilner\" and \"Randolph Zilner.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.341137886047363, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Zilner Randolph had seven children, all of whom received musical training, so the Randolph family band underwent some turnover. By 1952, Hattie Randolph was already performing on her own, and the vocal trio on Chess 1500 probably consisted of Elaine, Genie, and Lucious. \"Twenty Robbers\" is a pure big band vocal number; \"Love My Mom\" ranges into R&B. Zilner played piano (he takes a very short solo on \"Love\"), while several uncredited buddies filled out the ensemble on trumpet, trombone, alto sax, tenor sax, baritone sax, bass, and drums.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215899467468262, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In mid-December, Chess sought to follow up on the success of \"Rocket 88\" (see below, under purchased recordings) by bringing Jackie Brenston up to Chicago to record his own session. Much was obviously expected, as the singer and baritone saxophonist laid down no fewer than 8 sides. But just four were released, and the sales of Chess 1496 and 1532 must not have been up to expectations. Chess 1496 (78 and 45 rpm) has shown up in quite a few collections; 1532 (78 only) was Brenston's last release on Chess, and is less often seen. The full band personnel for the session is not known, but two Memphis stalwarts were on hand: Phineas Newborn Jr. at the piano and his brother Calvin Newborn on guitar (Calvin is also credited as the composer on \"Starvation,\" a solid jazz instrumental). The band was rounded out with an alto sax, a tenor sax, bass, drums, and guest singer Edna McRaney (who appeared on \"88 Boogie\" and \"Lovin' Time Blues\" as well as \"Hi, Ho Baby\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.510889053344727, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The final session of the year took place on December 29. The main attraction was Muddy Waters. Despite the session's high productivity, however, just one of Muddy's sides was released—a stark, eerie rendition of \"All Night Long\" that put Leonard Chess's new and improved sewer-pipe reverb to good use. Two other takes of the same piece survive, noticeably different in ambience from the issued version. It is easy to understand why the Chess brothers passed on a number titled \"Howlin' Wolf,\" since they'd added an artist by that name to the roster. But nothing else from the session seemed to interest the company, not even a masterpiece on the order of \"They Call Me Muddy Waters.\" The neglected tracks would prove a treasure trove for reissuers, starting in the early 1970s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.060914993286133, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The December 29 session included no follow-on for Jimmy Rogers; instead the Chess brothers brought in Floyd Jones to make another four numbers with the band. This was a bit of a reunion, as Floyd Jones, Little Walter, and Jimmy Rogers, had all worked on the Tempo-Tone sessions back in May 1949. We will take the word of the discographers who put one Willie Coven on the drums here; the drummer doesn't sound like Elga Edmonds, who was definitely on Muddy's sides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198343276977539, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Despite the apparent lack of continuity, F1006 and F1007, versions of \"Dark Road\" and \"Big World\" by Floyd Jones, were cut at the same session as U7417 and U7418, \"Playhouse\" and \"Overseas.\" Some misdirection may been have been involved in the decision to put these two items in a series previously reserved for material recorded elsewhere. In fact, as Dave Sax and George Paulus have recently been able to show, Chess actually put out two versions of its first Floyd Jones single. Jones had done \"Dark Road\" and \"Big World\" on March 22, 1951 with a Sunnyland Slim unit, results duly released on JOB 1001. The ensuing single was the JOB's label's best seller up to that time. Some copies of Chess 1498 are straight reissues of JOB 1001. Others, however—and these are more common—feature the remakes from December 29, 1951. The remakes, done with Muddy Waters' band, were as stark and eerie as their session-mate \"All Night Long.\" Highly esteemed by blues fans today, they probably outsold the JOBs on the strength of superior distribution. Chess's decision to put out a second version of 1498 killed all prospects of cooperation with Joe Brown until 1958. Meanwhile Floyd Jones' \"Playhouse\" and \"Overseas,\" nearly as good as the two that were released, stayed in the vaults until the early 1970s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.594600677490234, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Sides newly recorded for Chess in 1951", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.030077934265137, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "As 1952 began, Leonard Chess had obviously made some commitments about musical direction. Now that the company had two of the top-selling down-home blues artists in its catalog (Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf) Chess continued its efforts in this genre. There was the inconvenience, however, of The Wolf's continuing to record for the Bihari brothers in Memphis as well as Sam Phillips; this was eventually resolved in a deal that committed the Wolf exclusively to Chess while the Biharis got Roscoe Gordon. Meanwhile, jazz was not getting much emphasis. Early in the year, Chess lost interest in Claude McLin when he left town for Los Angeles. The label would presumably have liked to record Gene Ammons, but he moved first to Decca and then to the company's new Chicago-based rival, United . The most significant jazz artist that Chess recorded in 1952 was Eddie Johnson ; clearly the hope was that numbers like \"Twin Rock\" would appeal to the R&B-consuming public. And Sax Mallard recorded another session for the label, but this was definitely an R&B effort; in the future, he would be restricted to accompanying singers and doo-wop groups.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.562274932861328, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "During January 1952, the company undertook no new recording. Apparently the Chess brothers were too busy digesting the remains of Premium—around this time they were affixing new matrix numbers to two sides by tenor saxophonist Lynn Hope and alto saxophonist Tab Smith.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.465938568115234, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Checker 751 appears to have been Arbee Stidham's debut as a guitarist (he had been a regular on RCA Victor from 1947 to 1950, strictly as a singer). Stidham, who was born in DeValls Bluff, Arkansas, on February 9, 1917, was the son of Luddie Stidham, who played in Jimmie Lunceford's big band. Arbee had been a professional musician since he was 12 or 13 years old. He originally played the alto saxophone, but had to give up the instrument for health reasons. His singing voice was a strangely portentous, quavery baritone that made him seem much older than he really was. During his RCA years, when he enjoyed a big hit with \"My Heart Belongs to You,\" Stidham often recorded with Sax Mallard . On his first session for Checker, he was accompanied by Andrew \"Goon\" Gardner (alto sax); Tommy \"Mad Man\" Jones (tenor sax); Eddie Ware (piano); Ransom Knowling (bass); and Judge Riley (drums). (Some sources put Willie Lacey on the guitar instead of the leader.) Goon Gardner would appear on another blues session or two for Chess, but the label unfortunately made no further use of Tommy Jones' bar-walking skills (frustrated by his lack of exposure on recordings, Jones would eventually launch his own Mad label). At least today's listeners can enjoy Jones' little explosion in the middle of \"Mr. Commissioner,\" a plea to the Chicago police hierarchy to suspend their crackdown on \"policy\" (aka the numbers).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.52299976348877, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The company had more studio time booked on March 13, for a down-home blues artist who at the time was calling himself Rocky Fuller. Born Iverson Minter in Bessemer, Alabama, on March 23, 1932, he had been orphaned at the age of five and was already an experienced performer on guitar, harmonica, and vocals when the Chess brothers decided to record him. The session produced a large number of takes, partly because \"Fuller\"'s tunes, like his occasional duet partner John Lee Hooker's, evolved as they were repeated. The company tried one release on Fuller: Checker 753 paired two typically dramatic blues sides. Retail sales eluded it, however, and it is a major collector's item today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.847111701965332, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Stylistically quite different were the two other sides laid down that same day in March, by down-home blueman Arthur \"Big Boy\" Spires. Born in Natchez, Mississippi on February 25, 1912, Spires played guitar and sang with the deep sonority of Charlie Patton and Son House. But without help from accompanists, his time tended to wander. During this period he was working Chicago clubs with his Rocket Four, which included Eddie El on second guitar. On his Checker outing, which was his first appearance on record, he further benefited from the contributions of guitarist Earl Dranes. On \"Murmur Low,\" a tribute to a \"big fat mama, with meat shakin' on her bones,\" Willie Smith, who often played drums in Spires' working group, does the shaking on maracas. Both sides are considered classics today, but when released on Checker 752 they stirred little sales action, and the Chess brothers quickly dropped Spires from their roster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.828377723693848, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "At some point during March or April, the company recorded a veteran gospel singer, the Reverend W. M. Chambers, who had made records before World War II. The Reverend was accompanied on his only Chess release by a female vocal group, organ, and guitar. Chess 1511 appears to have been his last recording.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.17923641204834, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "An artist who seems to have gotten away was one Bill Bailey, who, according to a brief item in Billboard (March 22, 1952) \"will cut four sides, country style, for Chess Records next week\" (p. 23). These tracks, if ever recorded, have disappeared without a trace. The Chess brothers would not really get involved in country music until 1954, when they started the Chess 4858 series in collaboration with Stan Lewis, their distributor in Shreveport, Louisiana.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.540220260620117, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On a trip southward in May, Leonard Chess indulged in a little extracurricular recording, taping two sides by bluesman Arthur \"Big Boy\" Crudup in Jackson, Mississippi. Crudup was under contract to RCA Victor at the time, so, in a move that fooled no one, the two sides were attributed to one Percy Lee Crudup on release. Checker 754 remains a curiosity, as Chess wouldn't get another opportunity to record the durable bluesman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.494909286499023, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In 1952, Thomas was tight with Alan Freed, who spun R&B platters at Cleveland's radio station WJW. When he was impressed by a vocal group called the Crazy Sounds that was performing at a club called the Loop, Thomas phoned Freed and let him listen to the group. Freed took the group under his wing and renamed them the Moonglows, after his on-the-air persona. Freed sponsored a massive \"Moondog Maytime Ball\" at the Cleveland Arena, with three shows on May 17 and 18, 1952; headlined by the Dominoes, the bill included H-Bomb Ferguson, Little Jimmy Scott, the bands of Todd Rhodes, Freddy Mitchell, and Morris Lane, and \"Sensational Singing Entertainer\" Fats Thomas. Not mentioned in the original Call and Post display advertisement, which ran on May 10, were \"Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats direct from Memphis plus Arbee Stidham and his great orchestra direct from Chicago\" (Call and Post, May 17, 1952, p. 5 D); obviously Freed had made some kind of last-minute deal with the Chess brothers to add them to the bill. \"Big Fat\" Thomas reappeared as the MC of the Dawn Dance at the Paradise on May 30, 1952 (Cleveland Call and Post, May 31, 1952, p. 3 D). In July he was featured with Live Mackay and The Three Naturals at Jack's Musical Bar (Cleveland Call and Post, July 26, 1952, p. 6 D)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.687215805053711, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Thomas's appearance on Checker is the first concrete indication that talent was being sent the Chess brothers' way by Alan Freed. (The Moonglows would end up recording for them, but not for another two years: first the group cut one single for a label run by Freed himself, then Freed arranged for them to sign with one of the Chess brothers' rivals, Chance , where they would remain until owner Art Sheridan decided to close the label. The Coronets, another group under Freed's sponsorship, would end up on Chess much sooner.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.220504760742188, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The remaining sides recorded that day were the work of Claude Smith, a guitarist who went in the clubs as Blue Smitty. Muddy Waters, who had worked with Smitty in the mid-1940s, acknowledged him as an influence, but Smitty kept his day job at a radio repair shop, and his session for Chess would be his only opportunity to record. Accompanied by pianist Malron Jett, drummer Ike Smith, and a bassist whose last name was Stewart, Smitty laid down two intense slow blues, which were pretty promptly released on Chess 1522. This, however, is much scarcer today than Memphis Minnie's single on Checker. The other two sides from the session—one of which, \"Date Bait,\" is positively perky—would remain in the vaults until the early 1970s; an alternate take of \"Crying\" was also unearthed and released on LP. An unintended consequence: the fierce master take of \"Crying\" is much harder to find today, though it can be heard on a Top Notch CD titled More Ugly Guitar from the Kings of Distortion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.787114143371582, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The advent of Checker seems to have thrown some confusion into the matrix number series. Chess kept using the U7000 series from Universal Recording (though items not recorded at that venue were sometimes thrown into the series with no apparent consistency). Early in the year a 1000 series was opened for purchased material (most of it from the prolific Sam Phillips in Memphis); then the 1000s acquired a C prefix, and the series came to be used for material intended for the new Checker label—even though much of it was recorded back home at Universal in Chicago. (Adding to the overall messiness, the matrix numbers on both releases from the July 11 session were bumped up in error from the 1000s to the 1100s.) Finally, a U4300 ledger was opened at Universal for the freelance recording operations of Al Benson, who was reguarly dealing material to Chess during the second half of 1952. During the first half of 1953, many native Chess sessions would be given U4300 series matrix numbers...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.576294898986816, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "A week later, the company brought Arbee Stidham back for four more sides. On the occasion, he was accompanied by tenor sax, piano, electric guitar, bass, and drums. The saxophonist has been identified as J. T. Brown, but the performer who can be heard on two of the tracks, though loud enough, is too crude and blowsy to be J. T. Brown. Sugarman Penigar is a better bet. The bassist hasn't been identified as Wille Dixon, but he was around at the time and t the work sounds like his. Two of the tunes were tried in versions with a male vocal group (which can now be heard) and versions without (which are still in the can). Apparently Leonard Chess was displeased with the day's output, with or without the doowoppers, for he would try again with Stidham, while nothing from this session would be released for many years. Just two tracks have appeared—on a bootleg LP, Doo Woppin' the Blues, that was clandestinely compiled from Aristocrat and Chess material.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.334036827087402, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On August 12, Jimmy Rogers dropped in for four tunes of his own. Unusually, he was not accompanied by Muddy Waters, who was on the road on the time. Rogers' combo consisted of Henry Gray (piano), Po' Bob Woodfork (guitar), Willie Dixon (bass), and A. J. Gladney (drums). \"The Last Time\" and \"Out on the Road\" were promptly released on Chess 1519. (Fancourt and McGrath claim that Muddy provided backing vocals on \"The Last Time,\" but the company was merely experimenting with vocal overdubs. Joe Williams ' infamously double-tracked vocal on \"Every Day I Have the Blues,\" covered below under Purchased Sessions, had been cut at Universal Recording in July.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.160594940185547, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Next, the Chess brothers made a most unusual early foray into comedy. Dickie Goodman (abbreviating his name to Dick Good) recorded two versions of a monologue in which he deconstructed \"Bo Peep.\" In Part I, he spoke posh; Part II consisted of the same material done in a heavy Yiddish accent. Both monologues appear to have been recorded in the studio, with canned laughter spliced in to create the illusion of an audience. The resulting release on Chess 1524, though funny, apparently didn't sell at all and was forgotten for many years; a copy turned up at an auction in 2009. In company files, the comedian's first name turned into \"Deck\" and the titles were rendered as \"Bo Beep (English)\" and \"Bo Beep (Jewish).\" Chess would not return to comedy until the company was regularly releasing LPs. In 1956, Dickie Goodman teamed up with comedian Bill Buchanan and record impresario George Goldner, starting the New York-based Luniverse label, in operation from 1956 to 1958. Their first release, \"The Flying Saucer,\" full of clips from current rock and roll and R&B hits, including a couple lifted from Chess sides by Chuck Berry and Bobby Charles, was a commercial access.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.035407066345215, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Chess got back on track with the Eddie Johnson session of September 12, which produced one of the greatest jukebox jazz singles, a coupling the boogie \"Tiptoe\" with the swinger \"Twin Rock\" on Chess 1544.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21037483215332, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "While Muddy's first release from the session (Chess 1526, on 78 and 45) was a hit, and Chess used a third side later on, sales of Floyd's release were disappointing (Chess 1527, a 78-only, is much harder to find today than Chess 1498) and the company quickly dropped him from its roster. He would return to his former label, JOB , in January 1953, moving to Vee-Jay in 1954.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.66991138458252, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Later in September, the Chess brothers tried a vocal group called the Bayou Boys, about whom we still know little. Two of the sides were released on Checker 765, both 78 and 45; the other two are still languishing. From the four-tune entry, we're inferring that the Bayou Boys were recorded in Chicago at Universal; the publisher identifications on the labels give us no further clue, as both sides of Checker 765 were standards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.893138885498047, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "On October 10, Eddie Boyd returned to Chess after his excursion to JOB and a single outing for Al Benson (the latter is listed below, under Purchased Sessions). On this occasion, the songwriter-pianist was accompanied by Robert \"Little Sax\" Crowder (tenor sax), Robert Jr. Lockwood (guitar), Willie Dixon (bass), and Percy Walker (drums). \"24 Hours,\" a classic complaint, and the ebullient instrumental \"The Tickler\" were coupled on Chess 1533, to considerable commercial success on both 78 and 45.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.160721778869629, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Next up was a 2-tune outing by Morris Pejoe. Checker issued a second single on him, on 78 and 45 rpm, but Checker 766 did not sell well, and it would be his last for the Chess brothers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.471587181091309, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Bostick's association with Chess would end when he was drafted by the U.S. Army in 1953. He served two years in the Special Services Branch in Korea. Returning to Chicago, Bostick began a long residency at the 411 Club, which ran from October 1955 through much of 1957. He was now largely accompanying himself on organ. In June 1957, Bostick completed his formal music education, getting a degree from the Chicago Conservatory of Music. On June 12, 1958, he posted an indefinite contract at the Nocturne. He continued to perform throughout the Midwest, and reportedly recorded for Fraternity, RCA, and \"Canadian\" (probably Canadian-American) Records. He composed songs for Sammy Davis Jr. and his old inspiration Nat King Cole, among others. Beginning in 1963, Bostick began an 11-year career as a lounge act for the Holiday Inn circuit. Around 1970, he settled in Erie, Pennsylvania, where he died on April 9, 1974.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.47879409790039, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "The Chess brothers also tried a session with guitarist and singer Danny Overbea, which must not have turned out well, as nothing from it has ever surfaced. They would have better luck in the future.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407955169677734, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Although Chess continued to keep its issue numbers in reasonably good order, the company dropped the ball in November 1952, when it put out two different 1525s. (It was long believed that there was no Chess 1524, but this turns out to have been the comedy record by Dick Good.) One Chess 1525 was a country recording by Guy Blakeman and His Blue Grass Serenaders (recorded in Shreveport, Louisiana, most likely a couple of years earlier); the other was a jazz recording (one side reissued from 1949; the other in the vault since 1950) by Gene Ammons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.51063346862793, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "In all, there are 106 known sides newly recorded for Chess in 1952 (if we count known alternate takes, but do not include some unexplained gaps in the series, such as U7452 through U7456 and U7472 through U7475). Three sides were cut in Jackson, Mississippi, where Leonard Chess made a clandestine session with Big Boy Crudup (C1022 and C1023 plus an alternate; in a move that fooled no one, these were attributed to \"Percy Lee\" Crudup). With the likely exception of the two Fats Thomas sides, the rest all seem to be from Universal Recording in Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.779914855957031, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" }, { "answer": "Chess", "passage": "Sides newly recorded for Chess in 1952", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.089119911193848, "source": "search", "title": "The Chess Label Part I (1950-1952) - Clemson University" } ]

[ { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "Why England Slept is the published version of a thesis written by John F Kennedy while in his senior year at Harvard College. Its title was an allusion to Winston Churchill's 1938 book While England Slept, which also examined the buildup of German power. Published in 1940, the book examines the failures of the British government to take steps to prevent World War II and is notable for its uncommon stance of not castigating the appeasement policy of the British government at the time, instead suggesting that an earlier confrontation between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany could well have been more disastrous in the long run.", "precise_score": 5.927115440368652, "rough_score": 4.572847843170166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Why England Slept" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "New York: Wilfred Funk, Inc, 1940. First edition. xx, 252 pp. 8vo. Publisher's rose cloth. Spine faded, light wear to spine ends. First edition. xx, 252 pp. 8vo. JFK's First Book, Inscribed to Newsman Arthur Krock. The first edition of John F. Kennedy's first book, inscribed to Arthur Krock: \"To Mr. Krock. Who Baptized, Christened, and was Best Man for this book - with my sincere thanks, Jack Kennedy.\" Arthur Krock (1886-1974), the \"Dean of Washington Newsmen,\" was Washington correspondent and bureau chief for the New York Times and wrote the \"In the Nation\" column. He was a close friend and political ally of Joe Kennedy and his children. He advised John F. Kennedy with the revisions of his 1939 senior honors paper, \"Appeasement in Munich,\" in preparation for its publication the following year. It was Krock who suggested the new title, Why England Slept, a response to Churchill's While England Slept. Krock would continue to advise the young Kennedy, who thanked him In the Preface to Profiles in Courage. Ted Kennedy wrote admiringly of Krock in his tribute volume to his father: \"Mr. Krock has long been one of the most respected newsmen and columnists in Washington. He was won two Pulitzer Prizes for his work. He met Dad [Joseph Kennedy] during the New Deal years and won his deep admiration. Mr. Krock advised President Kennedy in the writing of his first book, Why England Slept, and has been a source of valued help to my brothers and myself\" (Edward Kennedy, The Fruitful Bough: A Tribute to Joseph P. Kennedy, p. 112). [With:] As We Remember Joe. Edited by John F. Kennedy. Privately Printed: Cambridge, Mass, 1945. First edition, second issue. Original burgundy cloth. Fine copy. Inscribed, \"For Martha and Arthur Krock, Bob Kennedy. Christmas 1965.\" Krock contributed a short reminiscence of Joe Kennedy from the 1940 Democratic National Convention, pp. 39-41. KENNEDY, Robert F. The Enemy Within. Harper & Brothers: New York, 1960. First edition. Publisher's cloth. Spine faded. Inscribed, \"To Arthur Krock, With the thanks and admiration of his friend, Bob Kennedy.\" Krock wrote the foreword to The Enemy Within. The Fruitful Bough: A Tribute to Joseph P. Kennedy. Collected by Edward M. Kennedy. Privately Printed, 1965. Original blue cloth. Some scuffing to front cover. Inscribed, \"To Arthur Krock, Who helped make The Fruitful Bough possible. With appreciation. Ted Kennedy. Sept 6 1965.\" With carbon of typescript of Krock's contribution to the volume as submitted for editing.", "precise_score": -3.28900146484375, "rough_score": -7.768317222595215, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "New York: Wilfred Funk, Inc, 1940. First edition. Octavo, bound in full blue leather, all edges gilt. The dedication copy of John F. Kennedy's first book, Why England Slept, with Rose Kennedy's embossed name on the front panel. This copy was specially bound for the author's mother, Rose Kennedy and presented to her. This copy brought $52,900 at the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis sale at Sotheby's in May 1996. Housed in a full dark blue morocco clamshell box. Unique. Published the year Kennedy graduated from Harvard, Why England Slept was an expansion of his senior thesis. The title is a variation on the title of Winston Churchill's work, While England Slept, published about two years before Kennedy's. It was dedicated to John's parents, Rose and Joe Kennedy. In this work he attempts to explain why England was so poorly prepared for World War II and why England's leaders settled upon the disastrous policies of appeasement. The book served as a warning to those in our country who felt that appeasing Hitler and staying out of the war was a viable option. It became a bestseller in the United States and went through several printings in its first year. (Newcomb, 10)", "precise_score": 2.579164743423462, "rough_score": -2.155646800994873, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Kennedy", "passage": "New York: Wilfred Funk, Inc, 1940. First edition. Octavo, original red cloth. Inscribed by the author on the front free endpaper in a contemporary hand, \"For Asa Bordages with best wishes Jack Kennedy.\" The recipient, Asa Bordages was a feature writer for the New York World-Telegram and playwright known for the 1941 play Brooklyn USA. Lightest of rubbing, near fine in a very good dust jacket with some small chips and wear to the extremities. Published the year Kennedy graduated from Harvard, Why England Slept was an expansion of his senior thesis. The title is a variation on the title of Winston Churchill's work, While England Slept, published about two years before Kennedy's. It was dedicated to John's parents, Rose and Joe Kennedy. In this work he attempts to explain why England was so poorly prepared for World War II and why England's leaders settled upon the disastrous policies of appeasement. The book served as a warning to those in our country who felt that appeasing Hitler and staying out of the war was a viable option. It became a bestseller in the United States and went through several printings in its first year. (Newcomb, 10)", "precise_score": 1.8662831783294678, "rough_score": -3.150724411010742, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Item Description: Hutchinson of London, London, 1940. Hardcover. Book Condition: Good. First UK edition. 12mo, red cloth, 1940 publisher's adverts. of 40 pp. JFK's first book, written as a senior thesis at Harvard. His father, Joseph P. Kennedy, influenced the publication of this as a book in England. Foreword by Henry R. Luce. Ex libris the Headmaster of Tunbridge Public School. Bookseller Inventory # 002873 Kennedy", "precise_score": -10.274016380310059, "rough_score": -9.571558952331543, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "Jack Kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk, Inc, New York, 1940. First edition. Octavo, original red cloth. Inscribed by the author on the front free endpaper in a contemporary hand, \"For Asa Bordages with best wishes Jack Kennedy.\" The recipient, Asa Bordages was a feature writer for the New York World-Telegram and playwright known for the 1941 play Brooklyn USA. Lightest of rubbing, near fine in a very good dust jacket with some small chips and wear to the extremities. Published the year Kennedy graduated from Harvard, Why England Slept was an expansion of his senior thesis. The title is a variation on the title of Winston Churchill's work, While England Slept, published about two years before Kennedy's. It was dedicated to John's parents, Rose and Joe Kennedy. In this work he attempts to explain why England was so poorly prepared for World War II and why England's leaders settled upon the disastrous policies of appeasement. The book served as a warning to those in our country who felt that appeasing Hitler and staying out of the war was a viable option. It became a bestseller in the United States and went through several printings in its first year. (Newcomb, 10). Bookseller Inventory # 19055", "precise_score": 0.9445643424987793, "rough_score": -4.519597053527832, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk, 1940. FIRST EDITION. WHY ENGLAND SLEPT, Wilfred Funk, 1940, first edition, upper left corner of rear cover bumped, else just about a vg+ copy in a vg dust-wrapper with some light wear and tear. INSCRIBED by the author, most likely at time of publication, to one of his Harvard University classmates, Donald Thurber, who later became a life long friend and a significant political ally from Michigan who aided Kennedy in his 1960 quest for the Whitehouse and later became an University of Michigan Regent. The first book of the author and later 35th President. Accompanied by RECOLLECTIONS OF JOHN F. KENNEDY by Donald Thurber published by The Prismatic Club of Detroit and The Charles Kelly Foundation in 1995, first edition, a fine copy being #22/350 copies, this one SIGNED by the author. Herein, Thurber relates in fine detail his friendship with JFK. Bookseller Inventory # 10986", "precise_score": 2.9314563274383545, "rough_score": 2.179825782775879, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk, Inc, New York, 1940. First edition. Octavo, bound in full blue leather, all edges gilt. The dedication copy of John F. Kennedy's first book, Why England Slept, with Rose Kennedy's embossed name on the front panel. This copy was specially bound for the author's mother, Rose Kennedy and presented to her. This copy brought $52,900 at the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis sale at Sotheby's in May 1996. Housed in a full dark blue morocco clamshell box. Unique. Published the year Kennedy graduated from Harvard, Why England Slept was an expansion of his senior thesis. The title is a variation on the title of Winston Churchill's work, While England Slept, published about two years before Kennedy's. It was dedicated to John's parents, Rose and Joe Kennedy. In this work he attempts to explain why England was so poorly prepared for World War II and why England's leaders settled upon the disastrous policies of appeasement. The book served as a warning to those in our country who felt that appeasing Hitler and staying out of the war was a viable option. It became a bestseller in the United States and went through several printings in its first year. (Newcomb, 10). Bookseller Inventory # 5850", "precise_score": 2.0244264602661133, "rough_score": -3.5700392723083496, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk, Inc, New York, 1940. xx, 252 pp. 8vo. First edition. First edition. xx, 252 pp. 8vo. JFK's First Book, Inscribed to Newsman Arthur Krock. The first edition of John F. Kennedy's first book, inscribed to Arthur Krock: \"To Mr. Krock. Who Baptized, Christened, and was Best Man for this book - with my sincere thanks, Jack Kennedy.\"Arthur Krock (1886-1974), the \"Dean of Washington Newsmen,\" was Washington correspondent and bureau chief for the New York Times and wrote the \"In the Nation\" column. He was a close friend and political ally of Joe Kennedy and his children. He advised John F. Kennedy with the revisions of his 1939 senior honors paper, \"Appeasement in Munich,\" in preparation for its publication the following year. It was Krock who suggested the new title, Why England Slept, a response to Churchill's While England Slept. Krock would continue to advise the young Kennedy, who thanked him In the Preface to Profiles in Courage.Ted Kennedy wrote admiringly of Krock in his tribute volume to his father: \"Mr. Krock has long been one of the most respected newsmen and columnists in Washington. He was won two Pulitzer Prizes for his work. He met Dad [Joseph Kennedy] during the New Deal years and won his deep admiration. Mr. Krock advised President Kennedy in the writing of his first book, Why England Slept, and has been a source of valued help to my brothers and myself\" (Edward Kennedy, The Fruitful Bough: A Tribute to Joseph P. Kennedy, p. 112).[With:] As We Remember Joe. Edited by John F. Kennedy. Privately Printed: Cambridge, Mass, 1945. First edition, second issue. Original burgundy cloth. Fine copy. Inscribed, \"For Martha and Arthur Krock, Bob Kennedy. Christmas 1965.\" Krock contributed a short reminiscence of Joe Kennedy from the 1940 Democratic National Convention, pp. 39-41.KENNEDY, Robert F. The Enemy Within. Harper & Brothers: New York, 1960. First edition. Publisher's cloth. Spine faded. Inscribed, \"To Arthur Krock, With the thanks and admiration of his friend, Bob Kennedy.\" Krock wrote the foreword to The Enemy Within.The Fruitful Bough: A Tribute to Joseph P. Kennedy. Collected by Edward M. Kennedy. Privately Printed, 1965. Original blue cloth. Some scuffing to front cover. Inscribed, \"To Arthur Krock, Who helped make The Fruitful Bough possible. With appreciation. Ted Kennedy. Sept 6 1965.\" With carbon of typescript of Krock's contribution to the volume as submitted for editing. Publisher's rose cloth. Spine faded, light wear to spine ends. Bookseller Inventory # 260820", "precise_score": -3.565376043319702, "rough_score": -6.879990577697754, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "Jack Kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk, Inc, New York, 1940. First edition. Octavo, original red cloth. Inscribed by the author on the front free endpaper in a contemporary hand, \"For Asa Bordages with best wishes Jack Kennedy.\" The recipient, Asa Bordages was a feature writer for the New York World-Telegram and playwright known for the 1941 play Brooklyn USA. Lightest of rubbing, near fine in a very good dust jacket with some small chips and wear to the extremities. Published the year Kennedy graduated from Harvard, Why England Slept was an expansion of his senior thesis. The title is a variation on the title of Winston Churchill's work, While England Slept, published about two years before Kennedy's. It was dedicated to John's parents, Rose and Joe Kennedy. In this work he attempts to explain why England was so poorly prepared for World War II and why England's leaders settled upon the disastrous policies of appeasement. The book served as a warning to those in our country who felt that appeasing Hitler and staying out of the war was a viable option. It became a bestseller in the United States and went through several printings in its first year. (Newcomb, 10). Bookseller Inventory # 19055", "precise_score": 0.9445643424987793, "rough_score": -4.519597053527832, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk, 1940. FIRST EDITION. WHY ENGLAND SLEPT, Wilfred Funk, 1940, first edition, upper left corner of rear cover bumped, else just about a vg+ copy in a vg dust-wrapper with some light wear and tear. INSCRIBED by the author, most likely at time of publication, to one of his Harvard University classmates, Donald Thurber, who later became a life long friend and a significant political ally from Michigan who aided Kennedy in his 1960 quest for the Whitehouse and later became an University of Michigan Regent. The first book of the author and later 35th President. Accompanied by RECOLLECTIONS OF JOHN F. KENNEDY by Donald Thurber published by The Prismatic Club of Detroit and The Charles Kelly Foundation in 1995, first edition, a fine copy being #22/350 copies, this one SIGNED by the author. Herein, Thurber relates in fine detail his friendship with JFK. Bookseller Inventory # 10986", "precise_score": 2.9314563274383545, "rough_score": 2.179825782775879, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk, Inc, New York, 1940. First edition. Octavo, bound in full blue leather, all edges gilt. The dedication copy of John F. Kennedy's first book, Why England Slept, with Rose Kennedy's embossed name on the front panel. This copy was specially bound for the author's mother, Rose Kennedy and presented to her. This copy brought $52,900 at the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis sale at Sotheby's in May 1996. Housed in a full dark blue morocco clamshell box. Unique. Published the year Kennedy graduated from Harvard, Why England Slept was an expansion of his senior thesis. The title is a variation on the title of Winston Churchill's work, While England Slept, published about two years before Kennedy's. It was dedicated to John's parents, Rose and Joe Kennedy. In this work he attempts to explain why England was so poorly prepared for World War II and why England's leaders settled upon the disastrous policies of appeasement. The book served as a warning to those in our country who felt that appeasing Hitler and staying out of the war was a viable option. It became a bestseller in the United States and went through several printings in its first year. (Newcomb, 10). Bookseller Inventory # 5850", "precise_score": 2.0244264602661133, "rough_score": -3.5700392723083496, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk, Inc, New York, 1940. xx, 252 pp. 8vo. First edition. First edition. xx, 252 pp. 8vo. JFK's First Book, Inscribed to Newsman Arthur Krock. The first edition of John F. Kennedy's first book, inscribed to Arthur Krock: \"To Mr. Krock. Who Baptized, Christened, and was Best Man for this book - with my sincere thanks, Jack Kennedy.\"Arthur Krock (1886-1974), the \"Dean of Washington Newsmen,\" was Washington correspondent and bureau chief for the New York Times and wrote the \"In the Nation\" column. He was a close friend and political ally of Joe Kennedy and his children. He advised John F. Kennedy with the revisions of his 1939 senior honors paper, \"Appeasement in Munich,\" in preparation for its publication the following year. It was Krock who suggested the new title, Why England Slept, a response to Churchill's While England Slept. Krock would continue to advise the young Kennedy, who thanked him In the Preface to Profiles in Courage.Ted Kennedy wrote admiringly of Krock in his tribute volume to his father: \"Mr. Krock has long been one of the most respected newsmen and columnists in Washington. He was won two Pulitzer Prizes for his work. He met Dad [Joseph Kennedy] during the New Deal years and won his deep admiration. Mr. Krock advised President Kennedy in the writing of his first book, Why England Slept, and has been a source of valued help to my brothers and myself\" (Edward Kennedy, The Fruitful Bough: A Tribute to Joseph P. Kennedy, p. 112).[With:] As We Remember Joe. Edited by John F. Kennedy. Privately Printed: Cambridge, Mass, 1945. First edition, second issue. Original burgundy cloth. Fine copy. Inscribed, \"For Martha and Arthur Krock, Bob Kennedy. Christmas 1965.\" Krock contributed a short reminiscence of Joe Kennedy from the 1940 Democratic National Convention, pp. 39-41.KENNEDY, Robert F. The Enemy Within. Harper & Brothers: New York, 1960. First edition. Publisher's cloth. Spine faded. Inscribed, \"To Arthur Krock, With the thanks and admiration of his friend, Bob Kennedy.\" Krock wrote the foreword to The Enemy Within.The Fruitful Bough: A Tribute to Joseph P. Kennedy. Collected by Edward M. Kennedy. Privately Printed, 1965. Original blue cloth. Some scuffing to front cover. Inscribed, \"To Arthur Krock, Who helped make The Fruitful Bough possible. With appreciation. Ted Kennedy. Sept 6 1965.\" With carbon of typescript of Krock's contribution to the volume as submitted for editing. Publisher's rose cloth. Spine faded, light wear to spine ends. Bookseller Inventory # 260820", "precise_score": -3.565376043319702, "rough_score": -6.879990577697754, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "John F. Kennedy (1917–1963), thirty-fifth president of the United States, was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, to a family already very familiar with politics. Kennedy earned his undergraduate degree at Harvard University in 1940. That same year, his senior thesis, Why England Slept, was published. It examined Britain's reaction to the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany. From 1941 to 1945, Kennedy served in World War II as a torpedo boat commander and was honored for his bravery. His political career began when he returned home to Massachusetts. In 1946, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives and, in 1952, to the United States Senate. During his eight years as a senator, Kennedy married Jacqueline Bouvier and wrote the 1956 Pulitzer Prize winner Profiles in Courage, a book that examines the brave and moral actions of eight politicians. In 1960, he was elected president of the United States, the youngest person and the first Catholic to achieve that office. In 1962, President Kennedy faced a serious nuclear confrontation with what was then the Soviet Union in an episode known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. He also created the Peace Corps and was a supporter of civil rights legislation. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.", "precise_score": 3.300450325012207, "rough_score": 3.9333503246307373, "source": "search", "title": "About the Author - EMC Publishing" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as present for Queen Elizabeth before his assassination, to go under the hammer | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -0.318776398897171, "rough_score": -4.947988033294678, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as present for Queen Elizabeth before his assassination, to go under the hammer ", "precise_score": 0.15463632345199585, "rough_score": -4.238165855407715, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "The copy of Why England Slept, by John F Kennedy, which bears the dedication: 'To Elizabeth (II) with affection John F Kennedy' and the quote 'we must not fear to negotiate', is being sold online on auction site Picollecta.com.", "precise_score": 3.578817844390869, "rough_score": -1.7411664724349976, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "Under the hammer: The copy of Why England Slept, by John F Kennedy, is being sold online on auction site Picollecta.com", "precise_score": 3.9105989933013916, "rough_score": -4.372961044311523, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "England slept: Why England Slept, about the events leading up to the Second World War, was written by JFK during his senior year at Harvard University", "precise_score": 4.6510396003723145, "rough_score": 2.503267765045166, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Why England Slept, about the events leading up to the Second World War, was written by JFK during his senior year at Harvard University.", "precise_score": 5.189906597137451, "rough_score": 4.112887382507324, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "As ambassador to Britain, Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. supported Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement during the late 1930s. John F. Kennedy lived with his father in Britain at that time and later, during WWII, since 1940, witnessed the Luftwaffe's bombings of Britain first-hand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.71840763092041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Why England Slept" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "John Fitzgerald \"Jack\" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. The Cuban Missile Crisis, The Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the establishment of the Peace Corps, developments in the Space Race, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Trade Expansion Act to lower tariffs, and the Civil Rights Movement all took place during his presidency. His New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy increased the number of American military advisors in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over Eisenhower, and tolerated a military coup against the country's president.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.159928321838379, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John Fitzgerald Kennedy", "passage": "John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born at 83 Beals Street in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917, to businessman/politician Joseph Patrick \"Joe\" Kennedy, Sr. (1888–1969) and philanthropist/socialite Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald-Kennedy (1890–1995). His father was the oldest son of businessman/politician Patrick Joseph \"P. J.\" Kennedy (1858–1929) and Mary Augusta Hickey-Kennedy (1857–1923). His mother was the daughter of Boston Mayor John Francis \"Honey Fitz\" Fitzgerald (1863–1950) and Mary Josephine \"Josie\" Hannon-Fitzgerald (1865–1964). All of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.859132766723633, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "His brothers were Joseph Patrick \"Joe\" Kennedy, Jr. (1915–1944), Robert Francis \"Bobby\" Kennedy (1925–1968), and Edward Moore \"Ted\" Kennedy (1932–2009). Joseph Jr. was killed in action during World War II. Robert was JFK's attorney general and then a senator who was assassinated in 1968; Ted was a long-serving U.S. senator from 1962 until his death from brain cancer in 2009. His sisters were Rose Marie \"Rosemary\" Kennedy (1918–2005), Kathleen Agnes \"Kick\" Kennedy (1920–1948), Eunice Mary Kennedy (1921–2009), Patricia Helen \"Pat\" Kennedy (1924–2006), and Jean Ann Kennedy (born 1928).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.933167457580566, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Kennedy was in Chelsea Naval Hospital from May to December 1942. On June 12, he was presented the Navy and Marine Corps Medal (the Navy's highest noncombat decoration for heroism) for his heroic actions on August 1–2, 1943, and the Purple Heart Medal for his back injury on PT-109, on August 1, 1943 (injured on August 2). After the war, Kennedy felt that the medal he had received for heroism was not a combat award and asked that he be reconsidered for the Silver Star Medal for which had been recommended initially. (His father also requested the Silver Star, which is awarded for gallantry in action, for Kennedy). In 1950, The Department of the Navy offered Kennedy a Bronze Star Medal to recognize his meritorious service, however he would have to return his Navy and Marine Corps Medal in order to receive it. He declined the medal. In 1959, the Navy again offered him the Bronze Star. Kennedy responded, repeating his original request concerning the award. He received the same response from the Navy as he had in 1950. The Navy said his actions were a lifesaving case. Both of Kennedy's original medals are on display currently at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.95409870147705, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "In 1958, Kennedy was re-elected to a second term in the Senate, defeating his Republican opponent, Boston lawyer Vincent J. Celeste, by a wide margin. It was during his re-election campaign that Kennedy's press secretary at this time, Robert E. Thompson, put together a film entitled The U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy Story, which exhibited a day in the life of the Senator and showcased his family life as well as the inner workings of his office. It was the most comprehensive film produced about Kennedy up to that time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.762224197387695, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "John F. Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th president at noon on January 20, 1961. In his inaugural address he spoke of the need for all Americans to be active citizens, famously saying, \"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.\" He asked the nations of the world to join together to fight what he called the \"common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.665130615234375, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "President Kennedy's foreign policy was dominated by American confrontations with the Soviet Union, manifested by proxy contests in the early stage of the Cold War. In 1961, Kennedy anxiously anticipated a summit with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. The president started off on the wrong foot by reacting aggressively to a routine Khrushchev speech on Cold War confrontation in early 1961. The speech was intended for domestic audiences in the Soviet Union, but Kennedy interpreted it as a personal challenge. His mistake helped raise tensions going into the Vienna Summit of June 1961.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.236649513244629, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "In late 1961, President Kennedy sent Roger Hilsman, then director of the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research, to assess the situation in Vietnam. There, Hilsman met Sir Robert Thompson, head of the British Advisory Mission to South Vietnam and the concept of the Strategic Hamlet Program was formed. It was approved by Kennedy and South Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem. It was implemented in early 1962 and involved some forced relocation, village internment, and segregation of rural South Vietnamese into new communities where the peasantry would be isolated from Communist insurgents. It was hoped these new communities would provide security for the peasants and strengthen the tie between them and the central government. By November 1963 the program waned and officially ended in 1964.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.469863891601562, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "When Robert Kennedy was asked in 1964 what his brother would have done if the South Vietnamese had been on the brink of defeat, he replied, \"We'd face that when we came to it.\" At the time of Kennedy's death, no final policy decision had been made as to Vietnam. In 2008, Theodore Sorensen wrote \"I would like to believe that Kennedy would have found a way to withdraw all American instructors and advisors [from Vietnam]. But even someone who knew JFK as well as I did can't be certain, because I do not believe he knew in his last weeks what he was going to do.\" Sorensen added that, in his opinion, Vietnam \"was the only foreign policy problem handed off by JFK to his successor in no better, and possibly worse, shape than it was when he inherited it.\" U.S. involvement in the region escalated until Lyndon Johnson, his successor, directly deployed regular U.S. military forces for fighting the Vietnam War. After Kennedy's assassination, President Johnson passed NSAM 273 on November 26, 1963. It reversed Kennedy's decision to withdraw 1,000 troops, and reaffirmed the policy of assistance to the South Vietnamese. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.534040451049805, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "On June 26, President Kennedy gave a public speech in West Berlin reiterating the American commitment to Germany and criticizing communism. He was met with an ecstatic response from a massive audience.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.084626197814941, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "Kennedy administration", "passage": "Relations between the United States and Iraq became strained following the overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy on July 14, 1958, which resulted in the declaration of a republican government led by Brigadier Abd al-Karim Qasim. On June 25, 1961 Qasim mobilized troops along the border between Iraq and Kuwait, declaring the latter nation \"an indivisible part of Iraq\" and causing a short-lived \"Kuwait Crisis\". The United Kingdom—which had just granted Kuwait independence on June 19 and whose economy was heavily dependent on Kuwaiti oil—responded on July 1 by dispatching 5,000 troops to the country to deter an Iraqi invasion. At the same time, Kennedy dispatched a U.S. Navy task force to Bahrain, and the U.K. (at the urging of the Kennedy administration) brought the dispute to United Nations Security Council, where the proposed resolution was vetoed by the Soviet Union. The situation was resolved in October, when the British troops were withdrawn and replaced by a 4,000-strong Arab League force.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.301255226135254, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "Kennedy administration", "passage": "The anti-imperialist and anti-communist Iraqi Ba'ath Party overthrew and executed Qasim in a violent coup on February 8, 1963. While there have been persistent rumors that the CIA orchestrated the coup, declassified documents and the testimony of former CIA officers indicate there was no direct American involvement, although the CIA was actively seeking to find a suitable replacement for Qasim within the Iraqi military and had been informed of an earlier Ba'athist coup plot. The Kennedy administration was pleased with the outcome and ultimately approved a $55 million arms deal for Iraq.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.120539665222168, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "Kennedy administration", "passage": "The economy turned around and prospered during the Kennedy administration. GDP expanded by an average of 5.5% from early 1961 to late 1963, while inflation remained steady at around 1% and unemployment eased. Industrial production rose by 15% and motor vehicle sales rose by 40%. This rate of growth in GDP and industry continued until around 1969, and has yet to be repeated for such a sustained period of time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.153705596923828, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "In his first State of the Union Address in January 1961, President Kennedy said \"The denial of constitutional rights to some of our fellow Americans on account of race - at the ballot box and elsewhere - disturbs the national conscience, and subjects us to the charge of world opinion that our democracy is not equal to the high promise of our heritage.\" Kennedy believed the grassroots movement for civil rights would anger many Southern whites and make it more difficult to pass civil rights laws in Congress, including anti-poverty legislation, and he distanced himself from it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.497700691223145, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "In September 1962, James Meredith enrolled at the University of Mississippi, but was prevented from entering. Attorney General Robert Kennedy responded by sending 400 federal marshals, while President Kennedy reluctantly sent 3,000 troops after the situation on campus turned violent. The Ole Miss riot of 1962 left two dead and dozens injured, but Meredith did finally enroll in his first class. Kennedy regretted not sending in troops earlier and he began to doubt whether the \"evils of Reconstruction\" of the 1860s and 1870s he had been taught or believed in were true. The instigating subculture at the Old Miss riot and at many other racially ignited events, was the Ku Klux Klan.Gitlin (2009), The Ku Klux Klan: A Guide to an American Subculture, p. 29 On November 20, 1962, Kennedy signed Executive Order 11063, prohibiting racial discrimination in federally supported housing or \"related facilities\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.689157485961914, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy intervened when Alabama Governor George Wallace blocked the doorway to the University of Alabama to stop two African American students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from attending. Wallace moved aside only after being confronted by Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach and the Alabama National Guard, which had just been federalized by order of the president. That evening Kennedy gave his famous civil rights address on national television and radio, launching his initiative for civil rights legislation—to provide equal access to public schools and other facilities, and greater protection of voting rights. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988006591796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "Kennedy administration", "passage": "In 1963, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, who hated civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. and viewed him as an upstart troublemaker, presented the Kennedy Administration with allegations that some of King's close confidants and advisers were communists. Concerned that the allegations, if made public, would derail the Administration's civil rights initiatives, Robert Kennedy and the president both warned King to discontinue the suspect associations. After the associations continued, Robert Kennedy issued a written directive authorizing the FBI to wiretap King and other leaders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, King's civil rights organization.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.222027778625488, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "John F. Kennedy initially proposed an overhaul of American immigration policy that later was to become the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, sponsored by Kennedy's brother Senator Edward Kennedy. It dramatically shifted the source of immigration from Northern and Western European countries towards immigration from Latin America and Asia. The policy change also shifted the emphasis in the selection of immigrants in favor of family reunification. Kennedy wanted to dismantle the selection of immigrants based on country of origin and saw this as an extension of his civil rights policies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025674819946289, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, at 12:30 pm Central Standard Time on Friday November 22, 1963, while on a political trip to Texas to smooth over frictions in the Democratic Party between liberals Ralph Yarborough and Don Yarborough (no relation) and conservative John Connally. Traveling in a presidential motorcade through downtown Dallas, he was shot once in the back, the bullet exiting via his throat, and once in the head.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.786599159240723, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "Kennedy was taken to Parkland Hospital for emergency medical treatment, but pronounced dead at 1:00 pm. Only 46, President Kennedy died younger than any other U.S. president to date. Lee Harvey Oswald, an order filler at the Texas School Book Depository from which the shots were suspected to have been fired, was arrested for the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit, and was subsequently charged with the assassination of Kennedy. He denied shooting anyone, claiming he was a patsy, but was killed by Jack Ruby on November 24, before he could be prosecuted. Ruby was then arrested and convicted for the murder of Oswald. Ruby successfully appealed his conviction and death sentence but became ill and died of cancer on January 3, 1967, while the date for his new trial was being set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.77353572845459, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "President Johnson created the Warren Commission—chaired by Chief Justice Earl Warren—to investigate the assassination, which concluded that Oswald acted alone in killing Kennedy, and that Oswald was not part of any conspiracy. The results of this investigation are disputed by many. The assassination proved to be an important moment in U.S. history because of its impact on the nation and the ensuing political repercussions. A 2004 Fox News poll found that 66% of Americans thought there had been a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy, while 74% thought there had been a cover-up. A Gallup Poll in mid-November 2013, showed 61% believed in a conspiracy, and only 30% thought Oswald did it alone. In 1979, the U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that it believed \"that Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. The committee was unable to identify the other gunmen or the extent of the conspiracy.\" In 2002, historian Carl M. Brauer concluded that the public's \"fascination with the assassination may indicate a psychological denial of Kennedy's death, a mass wish...to undo it.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.998025894165039, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Kennedy's wife, Jacqueline and their two deceased minor children were buried with him later. His brother, Senator Robert Kennedy, was buried nearby in June 1968. In August 2009, his brother, Senator Edward M. Kennedy, was also buried near his two brothers. John F. Kennedy's grave is lit with an \"Eternal Flame\". Kennedy and William Howard Taft are the only two U.S. presidents buried at Arlington. According to the JFK Library, \"I Have a Rendezvous with Death\", by Alan Seeger \"was one of John F. Kennedy's favorite poems and he often asked his wife to recite it\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.622614860534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Caroline Bouvier Kennedy was born in 1957 and is the only surviving member of JFK's immediate family. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr., nicknamed \"John-John\" by the press as a child, was born in late November 1960, 17 days after his father was elected. John Jr., died in 1999 when the small plane he was piloting crashed en route to Martha's Vineyard. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173048973083496, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "Camelot era", "passage": "\"Camelot Era\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.405671119689941, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "Kennedy administration", "passage": "The term \"Camelot\" came to be used retrospectively as iconic of the Kennedy administration, and the charisma of him and his family. The term was first publicly used by his wife in a post-assassination Life magazine interview with Theodore H. White, in which she revealed his affection for the contemporary Broadway musical of the same name, particularly the closing lines of the title song: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.81936264038086, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Television became the primary source by which people were kept informed of events surrounding John F. Kennedy's assassination. In fact, television started to come of age before the assassination. On September 2, 1963, Kennedy helped inaugurate network television's first half-hour nightly evening newscast according to an interview with CBS Evening News anchor Walter Cronkite. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165002822875977, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "The US Special Forces had a special bond with Kennedy. \"It was President Kennedy who was responsible for the rebuilding of the Special Forces and giving us back our Green Beret,\" said Forrest Lindley, a writer for the US military newspaper Stars and Stripes who served with Special Forces in Vietnam. This bond was shown at Kennedy's funeral. At the commemoration of the 25th anniversary of Kennedy's death, General Michael D. Healy, the last commander of Special Forces in Vietnam, spoke at Arlington Cemetery. Later, a wreath in the form of the Green Beret would be placed on the grave, continuing a tradition that began the day of his funeral when a sergeant in charge of a detail of Special Forces men guarding the grave placed his beret on the coffin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.29436206817627, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Ultimately, the death of President Kennedy and the ensuing confusion surrounding the facts of his assassination are of political and historical importance insofar as they marked a turning point and decline in the faith of the American people in the political establishment—a point made by commentators from Gore Vidal to Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and implied by Oliver Stone in several of his films, such as his landmark 1991 JFK.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.856008529663086, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "Although President Kennedy opposed segregation and had shown support for the civil rights of African Americans, he originally believed in a more measured approach to legislation given the political realities he faced in Congress, especially with the Southern Conservatives. However, impelled by the civil rights demonstrations of Martin Luther King, Kennedy in 1963 proposed legislative action. In a radio and TV address to the nation in June 1963—a century after President Abraham Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation—Kennedy became the first president to call on all Americans to denounce racism as morally wrong. Kennedy's civil rights proposals led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.337020874023438, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "President Kennedy is the only president to have predeceased both his mother and father. He is also the only president to have predeceased a grandparent. His maternal grandmother, Mary Josephine \"Josie\" Hannon, died in August 1964, nine months after his assassination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.583074569702148, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "Throughout the English-speaking world, the given name Kennedy has sometimes been used in honor of President Kennedy, as well his brother Robert. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.56233024597168, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy International Airport, American airport (renamed from Idlewild in December 1963) in New York City; nation's busiest international gateway", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357444763183594, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy Memorial Airport American airport in Ashland County, Wisconsin, near the city of Ashland ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.542448043823242, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge American seven-lane transportation hub across Ohio River; completed in late 1963, the bridge links Kentucky and Indiana", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.396671295166016, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy School of Government, American institution (renamed from Harvard Graduate School of Public Administration in 1966)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.355056762695312, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy Space Center, U.S. government installation that manages and operates America's astronaut launch facilities in Titusville, near Cocoa Beach, FL", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421082496643066, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School—trains United States Army personnel for the United States Army Special Operations Command and Army Special Operation Forces at Fort Bragg outside Fayetteville, NC", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42437744140625, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy University, American private educational institution founded in California in 1964; locations in Pleasant Hill, Campbell, Berkeley, and Santa Cruz", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207165718078613, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy High School is the name of many secondary schools", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490287780761719, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "* John F Kennedy (horse), Irish-trained thoroughbred racehorse foaled in 2012", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339838027954102, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame memorial", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.275320053100586, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Kennedy received a signet ring engraved with his arms for his 44th birthday as a gift from his wife, and the arms were incorporated into the seal of the USS John F. Kennedy. Following his assassination, Kennedy was honored by the Canadian government by having a mountain, Mount Kennedy, named for him, which his brother, Robert Kennedy, climbed in 1965 to plant a banner of the arms at the summit. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.896848678588867, "source": "wiki", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "answer": "Kennedy, John F.", "passage": "Kennedy, John F.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07068920135498, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "Kennedy, John F.", "passage": "Kennedy, John F.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07068920135498, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "Kennedy, John F.", "passage": "Kennedy, John F.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07068920135498, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "Kennedy, John F.", "passage": "Kennedy, John F.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07068920135498, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "Kennedy, John F.", "passage": "Kennedy, John F. (Fitzgerals), Foreword By Henry R. Luce", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.511039733886719, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "Kennedy, John F.", "passage": "KENNEDY, John F.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07068920135498, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "Kennedy, John F.", "passage": "Kennedy, John F.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07068920135498, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, John F - Biblio.com" }, { "answer": "John Kennedy", "passage": "In recent months there has been a certain amount of alarm concerning the \"attitude\" of the younger generation. If John Kennedy is characteristic of the younger generation—and I believe he is—many of us would be happy to have the destinies of this Republic handed over to his generation at once.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.053058624267578, "source": "search", "title": "Book Review: Why England Slept | TaoYue.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Kennedy", "passage": "For it is Kennedy, after all, who launched the Peace Corps, challenged his country to land a man on the moon, and stirred countless young Americans with his optimistic talk of a New Frontier.  Young Jack Kennedy had Destiny infused in every fiber of his being.  The New Frontier ultimately died in the turbulent sixties amidst racial turmoil and mounting losses in Vietnam, followed by the rude economics lesson of the oil shock.  But his vivid oratory and ideals, combined with the mystique of his wife Jacqueline, made the Kennedy legend into something that is discussed even today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.431264877319336, "source": "search", "title": "Book Review: Why England Slept | TaoYue.com" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Item Description: Hutchinson & Co, London, 1940. Cloth. Book Condition: Good. The 1940 1st British edition of JFK.s first published book, his senior thesis at Harvard, analyzing England's decision to resist Hitler when it did (rather than even earlier). Solid and G+ in its red cloth, with light staining -and spotting-- at the panels and along the spine. 12mo, 234 pgs. plus bibliography and publisher's ads. Bookseller Inventory # 10671", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.992709159851074, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "Kennedy, John F.", "passage": "Kennedy, John F.; Kennedy, Robert F.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.401095390319824, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Item Description: Hutchinson, 1940. Hardcover. Book Condition: Good. Dust Jacket Condition: Good. 1st Edition. A first edition, first printing published by Hutchinson in 1940. The 1940 1st British edition of JFK.s first published book, his senior thesis at Harvard, analyzing England's decision to resist Hitler when it did (rather than even earlier). The book is good+ in its red cloth, with light staining and spotting at the panels and along the spine. Plus bibliography and publisher's ads. In a good+/very good unclipped wrapper with some light chipping to the spine tips and corners. Some wear and tear to the edges. Bookseller Inventory # ABE-16882483951", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.184000015258789, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Item Description: Hutchinson & Co n.d., London. Red cloth stamped in black. Book Condition: Very good. Dust Jacket Condition: good +. First U.K. Edition, First Printing. 16mo 5\" x 7.\" pp. [xii] xxxiii 37-25 plus 16 pp. ads. JFK's Harvard thesis as it was adroitly published through connections of his father, Joseph P. Kennedy who was serving as Ambassador to Great Britain at the time. Wear to head of spine, slightly leaning spine, edges toned, tiny closed tears to upper edges of front free end paper & half title page. In pictorial dust jacket with edge wear & chips to corners, but price intact. Personal library paste down on front end paper, no owner written in, covering name in blue ink, \"L. Esconde Mondude / Winchmore Hill Rd. No. 21\" Forward by Henry R. Luce. \"With this new spirit alive in England my story ends. England is now awake; it had taken a great shock to bring home a realization of the enormity of the task it was facing. All the latent energy stored up in England during the last seven years is being expended in vigorous drive for victory. Industry and labour, the rich and the poor, are contributing to England's fight for survival, with the knowledge that this is a supreme test of democracy's ability to survive in this changing world.\" (p 217). Bookseller Inventory # 8", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.060586929321289, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy, First Edition - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "Item Description: Wilfred Funk Inc. Hardcover. Book Condition: Very Good. Dust jacket in very good condition. Minor shelf and handling wear, overall a clean solid copy with minimal signs of use. 1961 printing. Binding is sound. Slight tear on spine. Pages are intact and free of marks. Written when John F Kennedy was a Harvard senior, this Inaugural Edition of the future president's senior thesis comes to you wrapped in a protective mylar jacket to ensure enjoyment for many years to come. Secure packaging for safe delivery. Bookseller Inventory # 515060999", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8486909866333, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Item Description: Hutchinson, 1940. Hardcover. Book Condition: Good. Dust Jacket Condition: Good. 1st Edition. A first edition, first printing published by Hutchinson in 1940. The 1940 1st British edition of JFK.s first published book, his senior thesis at Harvard, analyzing England's decision to resist Hitler when it did (rather than even earlier). The book is good+ in its red cloth, with light staining and spotting at the panels and along the spine. Plus bibliography and publisher's ads. In a good+/very good unclipped wrapper with some light chipping to the spine tips and corners. Some wear and tear to the edges. Bookseller Inventory # ABE-16882483951", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.184000015258789, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Item Description: Hutchinson & Co n.d., London. Red cloth stamped in black. Book Condition: Very good. Dust Jacket Condition: good +. First U.K. Edition, First Printing. 16mo 5\" x 7.\" pp. [xii] xxxiii 37-25 plus 16 pp. ads. JFK's Harvard thesis as it was adroitly published through connections of his father, Joseph P. Kennedy who was serving as Ambassador to Great Britain at the time. Wear to head of spine, slightly leaning spine, edges toned, tiny closed tears to upper edges of front free end paper & half title page. In pictorial dust jacket with edge wear & chips to corners, but price intact. Personal library paste down on front end paper, no owner written in, covering name in blue ink, \"L. Esconde Mondude / Winchmore Hill Rd. No. 21\" Forward by Henry R. Luce. \"With this new spirit alive in England my story ends. England is now awake; it had taken a great shock to bring home a realization of the enormity of the task it was facing. All the latent energy stored up in England during the last seven years is being expended in vigorous drive for victory. Industry and labour, the rich and the poor, are contributing to England's fight for survival, with the knowledge that this is a supreme test of democracy's ability to survive in this changing world.\" (p 217). Bookseller Inventory # 8", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.060586929321289, "source": "search", "title": "Why England Slept by Kennedy - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "JFK wrote book, about events that led to WWII, while studying at Harvard", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.369010925292969, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "The dedication reads: 'To Elizabeth (II) with affection John F Kennedy'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.114224433898926, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "A signed copy of a book by assassinated US president John F Kennedy, said to be intended as a gift to the Queen, is to go under the hammer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.60529899597168, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "The inside page bears a dedication in blue ink which reads: 'To Elizabeth (II) with affection John F Kennedy' and then in brackets, 'we must not fear to negotiate!', while the front cover has the words 'is still sleeping' written in pencil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.097702026367188, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "Dedication: The inside page bears a dedication in blue ink which reads: 'To Elizabeth (II) with affection John F Kennedy' and then in brackets, 'we must not fear to negotiate!'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.241540908813477, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "Old acquaintances: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh entertained President Kennedy and wife Jackie at a dinner at Buckingham palace in 1961", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.537530899047852, "source": "search", "title": "Signed copy of JFK book Why England Slept, meant as ..." }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals former President's praise for the Nazis as he travelled through Germany before Second World War | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.493721961975098, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "A new book out in Germany reveals how President Kennedy was a secret admirer of the Nazis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.30290699005127, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "The news comes embarrassingly close to a visit being paid to Berlin next month by President Obama - one week before 50th anniversary commemorations of JFK's memorable 'Ich bin ein Berliner' speech pledging US solidarity with Europe during the Cold War. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89109992980957, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "President Kennedy's travelogues and letters chronicling his wanderings through Germany before WWII, when Adolf Hitler was in power, have been unearthed and show him generally in favour of the movement that was to plunge the world into the greatest war in history", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.1229248046875, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "Secret: A new book out in Germany reveals how President Kennedy was a secret admirer of the Nazis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.440001487731934, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Revealing: Presidential diaries and photographs are among more than 500 items from a collection of John F. Kennedy documents and artifacts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.926728248596191, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "'I CAN IMAGINE NO MORE REWARDING A CAREER': JOHN F KENNEDY'S MILITARY SERVICE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385307312011719, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "John f kennedy", "passage": "John F Kennedy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242947578430176, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Kennedy's admiration for Nazi Germany is revealed in a book entitled 'John F. Kennedy - Among the Germans. Travel diaries and letters 1937-1945.' ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657333374023438, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "During the World War II, JFK's older brother Joe volunteered for a secret mission testing an experimental drone plane packed with explosives - a weapon the Allies hoped to use as a guided missile.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385557174682617, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "March 1939, London, John F. Kennedy and his father, Joseph P. Kennedy, US Ambassador to Great Britain, board an Air France plane at Croydon Airport. He accompanied his father to Rome, where he will be representing President Roosevelt at the coronation of Pope Pius XII", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.604058265686035, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "US President John F. Kennedy at the Schoeneberg Town Hall during his visit to Germany. The youthful president carved his own place in history when he stood outside the West Berlin town hall on June 26 1963 to declare US solidarity with the city and the continent with the immortal words; 'Ich bin ein Berliner'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.43312931060791, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "President Kennedy", "passage": "Infamous: One of President Kennedy's speech cards carrying his famous remark 'Ich bin ein Berline', which he delivered in a speech that electrified an adoring crowd in Berlin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.703502655029297, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "John F. Kennedy", "passage": "Farewell: President John F. Kennedy waves goodbye as he leaves Berlin for Ireland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.594968795776367, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." }, { "answer": "JFK", "passage": "Bad timing: The news comes embarrassingly close to a visit being paid to Berlin next month by President Obama - one week before 50th anniversary commemorations of JFK's memorable 'Ich bin ein Berliner' speech pledging US solidarity with Europe during the Cold War", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.914999961853027, "source": "search", "title": "How JFK secretly ADMIRED Hitler: Explosive book reveals ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Enewetak", "passage": "The first thermonuclear bomb was exploded in 1952 at Enewetak by the United States, the second in 1953 by Russia (then the USSR). Great Britain, France, and China have also exploded thermonuclear bombs, and these five nations comprise the so-called nuclear club—nations that have the capability to produce nuclear weapons and admit to maintaining an inventory of them. The three smaller Soviet successor states that inherited nuclear arsenals (Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus) relinquished all nuclear warheads, which have been removed to Russia. Several other nations either have tested thermonuclear devices or claim to have the capability to produce them, but officially state that they do not maintain a stockpile of such weapons; among these are India, Israel, and Pakistan. South Africa's apartheid regime built six nuclear bombs but dismantled them later.", "precise_score": 7.632568836212158, "rough_score": 8.510708808898926, "source": "search", "title": "The Hydrogen bomb - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Enewetak Atoll", "passage": "On Nov. 1, 1952, the U.S. detonated the world's first hydrogen bomb, code-named \"Mike,\" on the Enewetak Atoll of the Marshall Islands . The resulting explosion was about the same as 10 million tons of TNT, or 700 times greater than the fission bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The cloud produced by the explosion was 25 miles high and 100 miles wide, and the island on which it exploded simply disappeared, leaving nothing but a gaping crater. Again, Klaus Fuchs had delivered early information on the hydrogen bomb designs along with the fission bomb information, and by late 1955 the Soviets tested their own design.", "precise_score": 10.057561874389648, "rough_score": 8.138254165649414, "source": "search", "title": "The 1950s and the Hydrogen Bomb - How the Nuclear Arms ..." }, { "answer": "Eniwetok", "passage": "The United States detonates the world’s first thermonuclear weapon, the hydrogen bomb, on Eniwetok atoll in the Pacific. The test gave the United States a short-lived advantage in the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. Following the successful Soviet detonation of an atomic device in September 1949, the United States accelerated its program to develop the next stage in atomic weaponry, a thermonuclear bomb. Popularly known as the hydrogen bomb, this new weapon was approximately 1,000 times more powerful than conventional nuclear devices. Opponents of development of the hydrogen bomb included J. Robert Oppenheimer, one of the fathers of the atomic bomb. He and others argued that little would be accomplished except the speeding up of the arms race, since it was assumed that the Soviets would quickly follow suit.The opponents were correct in their assumptions. The Soviet Union exploded a thermonuclear device the following year and by the late 1970s, seven nations had constructed hydrogen bombs. The nuclear arms race had taken a fearful step forward.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.787968158721924, "source": "search", "title": "United States tests first hydrogen bomb - Nov 01, 1952 ..." }, { "answer": "Enewetak", "passage": "Ivy Mike was the codename given to the first United States nuclear test of a fusion device, in which a major part of the explosive yield came from nuclear fusion. It was detonated on November 1, 1952 by the United States at 11.6709°N 162.1980°E on Enewetak, an atoll in the Pacific Ocean, as part of Operation Ivy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8633086681365967, "source": "search", "title": "The First Hydrogen Bomb Dropped 1 November 1952 | The ..." }, { "answer": "Eniwetok", "passage": "On November 1, 1952, the United States detonated the world’s first thermonuclear weapon, popularly called the “hydrogen bomb.” The experiment took place on Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific and immediately generated a controversy from leftists that resonates today. It was immediately said that if we detonated a hydrogen bomb, the Soviet Union would follow. What they didn’t say was that if we didn’t develop a hydrogen bomb, the Soviet Union would anyway, and we’d have been left at the deterrent starting gate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.904962539672852, "source": "search", "title": "The First Hydrogen Bomb Dropped 1 November 1952 | The ..." }, { "answer": "Enewatak", "passage": "A 10.4 megaton bomb was exploded on 1 November 1952 at Enewatak, west of Bikini.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.118531227111816, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1954: US tests hydrogen bomb in Bikini" }, { "answer": "Enewetak", "passage": "Unlike that device which tapped energy by splitting atomic nuclei, the Enewetak weapon forced together nuclei of hydrogen to unleash an even greater destructive force.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363788604736328, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 1 | 1954: US tests hydrogen bomb in Bikini" }, { "answer": "Enewetak Atoll", "passage": "1952 - Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.159307479858398, "source": "search", "title": "Operation Ivy" }, { "answer": "Enewetak Atoll", "passage": "This is a clip of the Hydrogen Bomb test at Enewetak Atoll on November 1, 1952, and the first time one was exploded. The fireball was big enough to cover most of Manhattan Island. This clip show more of the aftermath of the nuclear cloud than do most films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.682138442993164, "source": "search", "title": "Hydrogen Bomb Test - Rare H Bomb Footage From 1952" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Queen Alia International Airport (; transliterated: Matar Al-Malikah Alia Ad-Dowali) is Jordan's main and largest airport and is located in Zizya 30 km south of the capital city, Amman. Named after Queen Alia, third wife to the late King Hussein of Jordan, the airport is home to the country's national flag carrier, Royal Jordanian Airlines and serves as a major hub for Jordan Aviation, Royal Falcon and Royal Wings.", "precise_score": 9.285711288452148, "rough_score": 8.997065544128418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The airport has three lounges, one operated by Royal Jordanian for business and first class passengers, and one operated by Airport Hotel next to the North Concourse, and the last exclusively run by telecom operator Zain Jordan for its VIP customers. Retail space was expanded by 25% at the new terminal, covering more than 6000 sqm. The terminal houses several international food and beverage venues that include restaurants, supermarkets and a nuts roastery; a larger Duty Free area; a children's play area; additional shopping outlets; and internet connectivity.", "precise_score": -4.597045421600342, "rough_score": -6.478516101837158, "source": "wiki", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Airport International Group (AIG) is a Jordanian company formed to rehabilitate, expand and operate Queen Alia International Airport under a 25-year Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) concession agreement. The concession was awarded to AIG in 2007 by the Government of Jordan after an open international tender that was overseen by the International Finance Corporation (World Bank) within its capacity as advisor to the Government. AIG's shareholders include Jordanian, Persian Gulf, and European partners. Shareholders include Invest AD, Noor Financial Investments Co., Edgo Group, J&P (Overseas) Ltd., and Aeroports de Paris Management.", "precise_score": 4.404202461242676, "rough_score": 5.663379192352295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Amman Queen Alia International Airport (IATA: AMM, ICAO: OJAI) (Matar al-Malikah 'Alya' Ad-Dowaly) is located in Zizya area, 20 miles (30km) south of Amman, the capital city of Jordan. It is the home hub of Royal Jordanian Airlines, the national flag carrier, and Jordan Aviation, Royal Falcon and Royal Wings as well.", "precise_score": 7.979960918426514, "rough_score": 8.081210136413574, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Queen Alia International Airport - QAIA Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Amman airport is the largest one in Jordan and is being used for approximately 40 airlines from around the world being Royal Jordanian airline the busiest one with over 45 destinations worldwide.", "precise_score": -4.417520999908447, "rough_score": -6.818774223327637, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Queen Alia International Airport - QAIA Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "- Hub for 4 airlines: Royal Jordanian Airlines, Royal Wings, Jordan Aviation and Royal Falcon.", "precise_score": -8.770052909851074, "rough_score": -5.734633445739746, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Queen Alia International Airport - QAIA Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM) Amman, Jordan", "precise_score": 6.275195598602295, "rough_score": 7.771167278289795, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Travelling from Europe to India, with a stop over at Queen Alia. This is a flight of Royal Jordanian airlines. There is a change of plane, but we don't go out of the airport. Do I need a transit visa?", "precise_score": 3.3140904903411865, "rough_score": 6.087152004241943, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "i recently traveled on Royal Jordanian Airline, i found the service quiet good. But was disappointed, that there were no facilities at the Queen Alia Airport, for wudhu and prayer, which was very disappointing. Here in UK, a non -Muslim country provides excellent prayer facilities for its Muslim travelers.Come Jordan, take a leaf from Heathrow Airport and provide a mosque at the Airport", "precise_score": 4.932044982910156, "rough_score": 5.4819655418396, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "hi/i would like to tell about my visit to Jordan(queen alia international airport).first of all non of the staff doesnt know the english language.that is why it is impossible to explaine anything to them.you can not ask anything.after all it is very dirty.if it is an international airport try to make it look like INTERNATIONAL.", "precise_score": 4.159204006195068, "rough_score": 6.4710211753845215, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "the airport is dirty, the people (employees) are rude,krude, uncivilized bedwains uneducated trashy idiots. please bare in mind this is an international airport ? ? shame on you airport authortiy and shame on you royal jordanian , we flew ( my wife, my 5 year old son and myself) into amman from turkey on (RJ) iam jordanian by birth , my wife is turkish and we live in the united states this is my first visit to jordan in about 30 years , as a joradnian i was so proud at first to be flighing on (RJ) it was very nice very clean and the service was ok too ...once we got to the airport we were struck by the nasty attitude of the workers and the pp behind the counter ( what rock or stone did these pp come from under) for god sake airport authority these are the pp who gives the first inpression about our beloved jordan ( they are very very rude, without any civilized manners and an attitude that makes you feel shame that you belong to these kind of trashy pp ) the restrooms are stuck in the 60's , the dirty and dusty windows, and whats up with the lighting ??? why is it so dingy and dark and please dont let me talk about the air conditioning system or was there one ??? shame on you all ? for god sake why dont you guy make us feel proud of our jordan ??!! that was just a few things from so many that i will probably can take all day to talk about ( SHAME ON YOU AIRPORT AUTHORITY ) and that was just coming in to the country after staying there for a couple of weeks we had to leave .. oh my god not again>> the idot behind the counter at ( RJ) took our hand hags( carry on) and flatly told me that the rules here in jordan are diffrent than the whole world and these carry ons must go with the regular baggage under the plane..which made my wife cry because we had all the brakables and gifts in them ,,shame on you ( RJ ) for having such idiots behind your counter at an international airport ???? DO WE NOT deserve to live and be treated like hummans, civilized hummans >??what century is it now in jordan ???and one more thing why do we have to feel that we are guilty and scared all the time when we are there ...i wish i can tell you about our visit to petra and the unbelievable stuff we encountered... ?? SHAME ON US .", "precise_score": -4.522553443908691, "rough_score": -7.510512351989746, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "i traveled from the u.s to Amman ,Jordan via hethro airport when i arrived to queen alia international airport i was so amazed of the respect and the hospitality that i received my wife and i with my 2 children from the immigration at the airport and the custume personell that is something that i never experienced in any u.s airport or european airport my salute and appreciation to all the employees of queen alia international airport and i would also like to mention how humble they are and the sense of security and safety that you feel thank you thank you.", "precise_score": 4.6974992752075195, "rough_score": 6.812030792236328, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Queen Alia International Airport in Amman, Jordan - Lonely Planet", "precise_score": 6.552494049072266, "rough_score": 7.71661901473999, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Lonely Planet" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Queen Alia International Airport, about 35km south of Amman, is the country’s main gateway. There are two terminals: Terminal 1 is used for most Royal Jordanian flights and Terminal 2 is used by other airlines. The terminals are within easy walking distance, on opposite sides of the airport road. Both terminals have ATMs, foreign-exchange counters, a post office and left-luggage.", "precise_score": 8.3115873336792, "rough_score": 7.7638397216796875, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Lonely Planet" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Queen Alia International Airport, Jordan", "precise_score": 6.907580852508545, "rough_score": 7.939365386962891, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Airport Technology" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Queen Alia international airport is situated in the Zizya area, 20 miles south of Amman, the capital city of Jordan. Spread over an area of 22 million square metres, the airport was inaugurated on 25 May 1983. It is owned and operated by Jordan's Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission (CARC).", "precise_score": 8.17769718170166, "rough_score": 7.629925727844238, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Airport Technology" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The airport is named after Queen Alia, the third wife of King Hussein of Jordan. The king died in a helicopter crash in 1977. With two parallel runways, Queen Alia functions as Jordan's primary airport (domestic and international), accounting for more than 97% of the country's air traffic. The airport handled approximately 5.4 million passengers in 2010. There were 62,900 aircraft movements in the same year. The airport carried 90,200t of cargo in 2010.", "precise_score": 7.006480693817139, "rough_score": 7.788895130157471, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Airport Technology" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Due to persistent air traffic increases in the past few years, an airport expansion was deemed as necessary. The expansion aims to make Queen Alia the airport hub of Jordan.", "precise_score": 4.721276760101318, "rough_score": 3.222560167312622, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Airport Technology" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "\"The expansion aims to make Queen Alia International the airport hub of Jordan.\"", "precise_score": 6.303728103637695, "rough_score": 6.4462761878967285, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Airport Technology" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The Jordanian Ministry of Transport undertook to build a new international airport with sufficient capacity to cope with demand in the foreseeable future. QAIA was built at an estimated total cost of JOD 84 million. Passenger facilities were designed to serve 3.5 million passengers per annum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.864823341369629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "In 2007 the Government of Jordan selected Airport International Group (AIG) through an open tender to operate, rehabilitate and manage QAIA under a 25-year concession agreement. In response to the continual surge in passenger traffic at the time, AIG was also placed in charge of constructing a new terminal, one which not only would expand the airport's then insufficient annual capacity of 3.5 million passengers, but that would also introduce a \"unique travel experience\" to help advance QAIA's position as a niche transit hub in the region. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.377265930175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "On 20 January 2014, AIG launched the second phase of QAIA's expansion, valued at a total cost of over USD 100 million. Scheduled to be completed in 2016, the second expansion phase will raise QAIA's annual passenger traffic capacity to up to 12 million, subsequently supporting the Jordan's national tourism strategy goals to serve as a regional transit hub for leisure and business travel. The aims to boost its capacity to 16 million passengers annually by the end of the concession time frame in 2032. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.998584747314453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "As part of its public-private partnership (PPP) with the Government of Jordan, AIG closely collaborates with the Government on a day-to-day basis on all issues related to the airport. A dedicated project management unit (PMU) within the Jordanian Ministry of Transport oversees the project for the Government. The Ministry of Transport receives full annual financial statements as well as quarterly financial and operational reports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.568092346191406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "(IATA: AMM) is the biggest airport in Jordan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.053339004516602, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Queen Alia International Airport - QAIA Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "- Departure Level 2: Divides travelers between Jordanian passengers (E gates) and International passengers. There are not many facilities in this level.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.98249626159668, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Queen Alia International Airport - QAIA Airport" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Passengers from certain countries will need to obtain a visa on arrival, which requires queuing at the counters next to the immigration inspector and paying JOD20 (equivalent to USD 28.50). This process is much simpler if you have sufficient Jordanian, US, or Euro currency in hand when you arrive. Certain citizenships will require obtaining approvals from Jordan embassies in the origin countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.889410972595215, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The Airport Express bus runs according to the below schedule and costs 3 JOD (three Jordanian Dinars). The trip from the airport to central Amman usually takes from 45 minutes to an hour. The schedule and the bus stop in Amman are currently as follows:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.527984619140625, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "This hotel is primarily used by Royal Jordanian for long-haul passengers with overnight transit stops in Amman, but it is open to everyone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.796516418457031, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The reason of my feedback is to thank Ahmad Salam at Gulf Air check up counter for helping me and my spouse during our frequent trips to Jordan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259932518005371, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The reason of my feedback is to thank Ahmad Salam at Gulf Air check up counter for helping me and my spouse during our frequent trips to Jordan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259932518005371, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "AIPORT TAXI DISRESPECTFUL. The 'really nice and new airport' has airport taxis which we are forced to use do not respect the rules which require that they do not speed, do NOT smoke, and follow basic driving requirements such as holding the steering wheel with 2 hands at the proper \"10 and 2\" position (or close to it). I usually wait until a taxi driver agrees to follow these basic rules. however, this time, the taxi driver for airport taxi started swearing at me and insulting me because of my civilized request. I told him to respect himself and he refused. I told him I will complaint and he said do whatever I want because nothing will happen. No tourist will (or Jordanian should) accept such disrespect. With the hope that you will require airport taxi to follow these basic rules, and reprimand this taxi driver (his green license plate # is \"50-30774\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.943926811218262, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Great Airport, clean , Nice lovely people , people should Shut up and stop complaining about silly things, people dont appreciate things any more . Thank you Jordan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.031256675720215, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Jordan man (Jordan) - September 7, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373626708984375, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "We have been travelling with Royal Jordanian for the past 20 years and never have we experienced such bad customer service during boarding. I have been blessed with a now 14 year old boy with Autism. He is very sweet and however we need to cooperate with him in order to keep him calm. We even have a doctor's note explaining just that. The staff (Ahmad Suhiemat and Wael Al So'ob) did exactly the opposite. They were very rough and had a very bad attitude when directing him to security. They treated my son like a criminal. Mr. Suhiemat took our doctor's note and refused to give it back when we needed it to the Chicago airport. He even wrote his name on our doctor's note. Mr. So'ob called the Duty manager Dunia Dwiri and she told them to cooperate with Keith. Mr. So'ob even went to her office and brought her in. She told him, \"I already told you on the phone why did you bring me here?\" Mrs. Dwiri apologized to us for their bad behavior. Mr. Suhiemat and Mr. So'ob treated my family like criminals and foreigners in our own country. They made us so nervous that we had the worst trip with Royal Jordanian. Their behavior was so bad that we having second thoughts on ever flying Royal Jordanian again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.530797004699707, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Sorry but the new airport is rubbish and if I know that I had to ask my husband to take my kids home I wound have never gone my kids was born in the uk not jordan and I dont care in my eye they r British My kids will never go bk to jordan again", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74504566192627, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Mr Kevin!! We as Muslims are required to pray 5 times a day! We can't miss those prayers and as Jordan is a Muslim country it must provide a place for fellow Muslims to perform their prayers (on time) most of us traveling will spend countless hours at the airport and we are forced to make our prayers there, we are not imposing anything on your KIND self we are answering are God's call...you are not required to go to this place and I'm sure it won't hinder your other \"vibrant\" activities!! Hope people grow up and respect others' choice as they want others to respect theirs!!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.564279556274414, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The airport is maybe ok, but the people is very rude, staff very unproffesional,and like other see that this airport is excellent coz of wifi, my concern is,you dont go to that airport to use wifi, but to travel, wifi doesnt make any airport excellent, staff were less trained and no standard, they look so lazy and just passing thier times working, others smoking, janitor were just watching ladies,no laggage helper, staff extrememly unfriendly, so the airport maybe nice to local, but for other traveler its unconfortable, as i read alot of negative review here, this is true, coz been there, i travel through QAIA AMMAN JORDAN", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.18213939666748, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The staff were so rude, in gulf air 974 may 21st from Amman Jordan To bahrain, gave me wrong information about the cost of per baggage exceed,was $22 he told me to go RJ office to pay and the cashier told me, that its $25 per kl. i went to the teller, and tell him, he high his damn voice on me said ''MA'AM THE RJ IS ACCURATE, so i told him so do not give wrong info to passengers, Before that i was about 5 meters away, to checkin my baggage and he was calling me''' pssssst ma'am come here, what pssssst mean? a sheep?or its just his crap behaviour,or it was coz of my look of nationality, his english were very poor, and yet very rude.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.961777687072754, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Love Jordan otherwise (Switzerland) - May 25, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.383094787597656, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Charl Twal (Jordan) - May 25, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304279327392578, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Mohammad Ameer (Jordan) - April 13, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.947330474853516, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "L. KHIRFAN (Canada-Jordan) - March 28, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.045502662658691, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "I wonder why this new airport in Jordan does not have a mosque where Muslim travelers can pray? There is a lot of controversy about this in Jordanian newspapers. As an American convert to Islam, I believe there should be a mosque. Even in America, which is predominately Christian, many airports have mosques or prayer areas. O'Hare in Chicago has a mosque in the center of the domestic terminal, and there is a large prayer area in the international terminal, as well. I hope the airport officials will add a mosque!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.897506237030029, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Hani (Jordan) - March 20, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357080459594727, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Come on guys, not sure what all the complaining is all about, it's a small to med size airport. I live in Jordan and travel almost every week. To say its the worst airport is a huge exaggeration, has anyone been through; Orly, Cairo, Jakarta, Manila, La Guardia, Jackson, and a few other airports that come to mind which are truly disastrous??", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.780682563781738, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Jordan is not perfect, but it's a safe, easy to get to around, and still relatively inexpensive. Don't rent a car, the driving is tough. And pre agree prices with cab drivers before you get in. Again, nothing out of the ordinary. Lots of things to see and wonderful non chain restaurants to try.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478683471679688, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The funny thing is that most people who are complaining about Airport staff not speaking English, can't even write their comments correctly in English. I know that I am not very happy about the airport facilities, but believe me you can finish your work their very easily and very quickly. Any one who has been in JFK or Laguardia Airports in USA will definitely appreciate QA Airport in Jordan. I am sure that the person who commented about Jordan not being managed properly, does not even know what he's talking about.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.391839981079102, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "I am dismayed to read so many adverse comments and sincerely hope the authorities will take note and take action as neccessary. I made many Jordanian and Palestinian friends during my stay in Jordan and often think of the pleasant years I spent there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4495267868042, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Beer is available in Departures. Large duty free shop with some nice Jordanian food items (eg pastries) at fairly reasonable prices.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.429558753967285, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "A tip for first time tourists to Jordan: skip Amman and get a taxi or rental car to drive to Madaba. It's an easy 30 minute journey, and Madaba is a much more relaxing place to start your holiday. Nice lot of beer available, and wonderful mosaics. We stayed at the very good \"Mosaic City Hotel\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269954681396484, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "I visited Amman Dec 2011, airport staff and workers are very helpful and friendly, I loved the Jordanian pipe/drumms played behind the curtains early in the morning, buses from Airport are regular and cheap.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.826523780822754, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "I travelalmost once every year to Jordan from the US. Every time, I have been greeted by efficient and friendly staff who make me feel proud to return home. A big thank you! Keep up the great work!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480447769165039, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "the refused one who was born in Jordan - October 13, 2012", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505782127380371, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Jordan is my birthplace, my mother is Jordanian and I lived in Jordan 19 years out of 21 years , however , when I arrived at the airport they refused many people and I was one of them ... why ? why ? ... all my family still live there as well ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.796719551086426, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "this time i am travelling by land the travel all the way from kwt to jordan all cement ahhh when reaching jordan strated the way from the border of saudi to city of jordan big trucks and bad roads why what happened ????", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.440842628479004, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "We were in Jordan 2 years ago. While I can't remember anything about cleanliness, etc., we were treated very well. The people are lovely. And getting a visa was quite easy. Also, Jordan itself was wonderful--again great people, great food. We walked the streets in local areas without fear, got smiles and nods. We're going back this fall. It's a wondreful country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167110443115234, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "I will come to Jordan in October, bur read from all friends comments, I am so afraid. What should I do?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.519997596740723, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "This comments are like the smoking signs no one cares about them cause pp are complaining since 2008 and things seems to be the same why the airport's authority do nothing? Maybe they do not understand English. We'll be visiting Jordan soon and leaving in a RJ plane let's see what happens.....I'll write soon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256967544555664, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "oh my god these are all lies i work from ohio and jordan i go to jordan 2 times every month for bussiness i have been doing this for 2 years now and ive never expiernced anything bad they are nice people and have good prices and people there are helpful.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.482118606567383, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "would you please all shut up seriously i am from canada and i went to Jordan and everything was just great ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343996047973633, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "As a stranger if one gets through all this mayhem ,what are the jordanian people like in the cities ,is it safe to go out in the evenings are the hotel staff trustworthy, Are the police out to fleece you if possible ,I really had set my heart on visiting Jordan but now I am having second thoughts about it all .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322198867797852, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Welcome all to our country Jordan , We provide full legal services in Jordan to whom it may concern or need our back up any time..", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03818130493164, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "I am expecting to travel to Amman for a three day official visit beginning 27th April 2010. Unfortunately there is no Jordanian Embassy or a Consulate Office in my country (Tanzania). Could you please advice me on how to obtain a visa?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136197090148926, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "ABDUL ( WANT TO BE A PROUD JORDANIAN ) (jordanian and a U.S citizen.) - March 10, 2010", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.347769737243652, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Some employees are rude, but others are friendly. No rule of thumb as to what kind of experience you would have at any given moment. Remember, Jordan is not exactly a well managed country, so please have in mind to expect anything.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277970314025879, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Though the people of Jordan are on the most part friendly and nice, they can end up being difficult and aggressive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402853012084961, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Anything is possible in Jordan. You enter at your own risk and you leave at your own risk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48061466217041, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "nassar (jordan) - February 7, 2010", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.300601959228516, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "over all jordan is one of the best", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479750633239746, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Aiman Ahmed (Jordan) - January 26, 2010", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.009495735168457, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "I love Jordan because it's my country and I live here.It's beautiful and I love it here with my friends & family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.144792556762695, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "when i complained the officer answerd me WHEREVER YOU SAY SIR . i had anice stay in jordan only to be spoilt by this guy. if there is ever a next time i will choose to fly thro aqaba", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449281692504883, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Is it possible to inform the staff of the shops selling liquor or liquids to always put the 'liquids' in a safety bag? I took a flight from Amman, bought some 'liquid gifts' in airport and had to change in transit in istanbul, Turkey, where they took all liquor and liquids bought in the airport of Jordan (even if i hadn't been out of the airport) because it was not in a safety bag. Thank you!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85366439819336, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "a confused passenger (travelling from jordan to kuwait) - May 17, 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.895833969116211, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "asalam alaykum to all i am decent respectable woman who want to tell u me worst experience of checking jordan airport. all the counters r writeen ALL DESTINATIONS its a long line takes an hour to reach the counter when i reached the counter a man told me not and again a started a line after an hour at last i checked in but so sad coz 2 hours only to check in?while my daughter waiting outside?she could not just leave me alone in the airport?of course she must have to make sure that her mom got checked in b4 she leave. could u please mark specific destination in ur counters not just ALL DESTINATIONS and not accept a passenger coz she line in the wrong line. PLEASE????????????", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85881519317627, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "a confused passenger (travelling from jordan to kuwait) - May 17, 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.895833969116211, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "asalam alaykum to all i am decent respectable woman who want to tell u me worst experience of checking jordan airport. all the counters r writeen ALL DESTINATIONS its a long line takes an hour to reach the counter when i reached the counter a man told me not and again a started a line after an hour at last i checked in but so sad coz 2 hours only to check in?while my daughter waiting outside?she could not just leave me alone in the airport?of course she must have to make sure that her mom got checked in b4 she leave. could u please mark specific destination in ur counters not just ALL DESTINATIONS and not accept a passenger coz she line in the wrong line. PLEASE????????????", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85881519317627, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Dear all, I wanted to know whether there are any precacutious activities taken at the airport for Swines Flu. On other airport for example you will be screened and checked/examined. Is this also the case at the airports in Jordan?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.824469566345215, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "abuhdeeb (Jordan.) - March 18, 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.169052124023438, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "For any one want assistant at Jordan or want to get information, I will help him /her. And Jordan is welcoming anyone, and Jordan is the second home for every traveler. Welcome at Jordan. Call 00962 796663391", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.336623191833496, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "jordanin (jordan amman) - February 14, 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298087120056152, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Rent a car in the airport could be disastrous especially from Euro rent a car and AVIS rent a car. I don’t see why the employees at these two rents a car are very un educated and lack the proficiency of dealing with people. The airport is the face of Jordan. As a Jordanian who loves and care about his country, I wish to see some changes in the quality of service of Rent Car and keep in mind this doesn’t reflect the rent a car company itself. It is the face of Jordan and this will be the first experience you encounter when you first visit Jordan. Please Please do something about it !!!!!!!!!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.003639221191406, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Jordanian (Australia) - October 10, 2008", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242748260498047, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Comprises (158) luxury cars operates 24 hours for passenger's comfortable transport inand out ofJordan.Pricesare fixed, shown near passenger's buildings, on the tickets sold to passengers and set by the Jordan Transport Organization Council.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142934799194336, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Jordanian (Australia) - September 26, 2008", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.15769100189209, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "If it is open. My flight arrived at about 3.30 in the morning - about seven hours after it was supposed to, thank you Royal Jordanian Airlines. And the exchange counters were empty, there was nobody there to change money with.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.607392311096191, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Jordanian (Australia) - September 26, 2008", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.15769100189209, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Jordanian (Australia) - September 26, 2008", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.15769100189209, "source": "search", "title": "Amman Airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "There are plans to construct a direct rail link to the centre of the Jordanian capital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448197364807129, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport (AMM) | Airports ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The VIP lounge with business services is operated by Royal Jordanian Airlines and is located on the mezzanine level of the terminal. Conference and meeting facilities are also available at the nearby Amman Airport Hotel (tel: +962 6 445 1000; ammanairporthotel.com(Opens an external website in a new tab) ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.740724086761475, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport (AMM) | Airports ..." }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The International Finance Corporation (IFC) worked with the Government of Jordan as the lead advisor for structuring and awarding the 25-year concession for the airport. The concession for the project was awarded to a consortium by the name of Airport International Group in April 2009. The project's financial closure was completed on 15 November 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.685746192932129, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Airport Technology" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "The expansion will cost approximately $750m. The investors in the Airport International Group include Aeroports de Paris Management (France) – 9.5%, J&P Overseas (Cyprus) – 9.5%, J&P Avax (Greece) – 9.5%, Abu Dhabi Investment Company (UAE) – 38%, Noor Financial Investment Company (Kuwait) – 24% - and EDGO Ventures (Jordan) – 9.5%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.154642105102539, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Airport Technology" }, { "answer": "Jordan", "passage": "Jordan airport runways", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.222021102905273, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Alia International Airport - Airport Technology" } ]

[ { "answer": "Vidal Sassoon", "passage": "In 1980 “The Penguin Dictionary of Modern Quotations” included an entry for the saying with a linkage to hairdresser and businessman Vidal Sassoon who credited an unnamed teacher: 8", "precise_score": -0.8012756109237671, "rough_score": -6.766439914703369, "source": "search", "title": "The Dictionary Is the Only Place Where Success Comes ..." }, { "answer": "Vidal Sassoon", "passage": "Vince Lombardi? Mark Twain? Arthur Brisbane? Vidal Sassoon? Stubby Currence? Anonymous?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499298095703125, "source": "search", "title": "The Dictionary Is the Only Place Where Success Comes ..." }, { "answer": "Vidal Sassoon", "passage": "This expression has been attributed to football coach Vince Lombardi, humorist Mark Twain, newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, hair stylist Vidal Sassoon, and others. Would you please explore its origin?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.728877067565918, "source": "search", "title": "The Dictionary Is the Only Place Where Success Comes ..." }, { "answer": "Vidal Sassoon", "passage": "In conclusion, QI would tentatively credit Stubby Currence based on the 1935 citation. The attributions to Arthur Brisbane and Vince Lombardi were only weakly supported by very late citations. The citation for Vidal Sassoon was substantive, but the saying was already in circulation. This entry represents a snapshot of what QI has discovered and additional data in the future may shift the ascription.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.307351112365723, "source": "search", "title": "The Dictionary Is the Only Place Where Success Comes ..." }, { "answer": "Vidal Sassoon", "passage": "1980, The Penguin Dictionary of Modern Quotations, Edited by J. M. Cohen and M. J. Cohen, Second edition, (Reprint dated 1983), Section: Vidal Sassoon, Page 298, Penguin Books, New York. (Verified on paper) ↩", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.530586242675781, "source": "search", "title": "The Dictionary Is the Only Place Where Success Comes ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "A different probe, called Mariner 4, was the first probe to snap a picture of a planet. On July 14, 1965, Mariner 4 flew past Mars. Its images of Mars showed a cold, cratered, moon-like surface.", "precise_score": 8.325963973999023, "rough_score": 8.004003524780273, "source": "search", "title": "NASA - What Is a Space Probe?" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to obtain and transmit close range images of Mars. After its launch on November 28, 1964 and a journey of hundreds of millions of kilometers, Mariner 4 passed within 9844 kilometers of Mars on July 14, 1965. Beginning at a range of 16,900 km, the probe acquired a surface image composed of 200 lines, consisting of 200 pixels each (average resolution was about 3 km/pixel) every 48 seconds until, at a range of 11,900 km, 22 television pictures of the Martian surface had been stored on the spacecraft's 4-track tape recorder (the last 3 of these pictures were beyond the terminator). It took 4 days to transmit the image information to Earth and the spacecraft returned useful data until October 1965, when the distance from Earth and its antenna orientation temporarily halted the signal acquisition. Data acquisition resumed in late 1967 and continued until December 20, 1967.", "precise_score": 8.161760330200195, "rough_score": 8.000019073486328, "source": "search", "title": "The Mariner Mars Missions - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 were identical spacecraft launched on February 24, 1969 and March 27, 1969 respectively, and their missions were entirely devoted to the flyby study of Mars. The probes passed closest to Mars on July 30 and August 4 of the same year (Mariner 7 took a more direct path than Mariner 6 and \"caught up\" to Mariner 6, arriving only 5 days behind). The spacecraft each acquired a series of far encounter images, composed of 704 lines consisting of 945 pixels each, as they approached the planet and a series of near encounter images (same numbers of lines and pixels/line) upon arrival. The far encounter photos had resolutions ranging from 4 to 43 km per pixel, while the near encounter images had resolutions as good as 300 m per pixel. In total, 143 far encounter images and 58 near encounter images were transmitted. Due to advances in technology, Mariner 6 and 7 carried computers that could be reprogrammed from Earth during the mission and the probes were able to transmit data at a rate of almost 2000 times that of Mariner 4. These spacecraft were heavier than any planetary probes previously launched by NASA and they were carried into space by the Atlas-Centaur rocket.", "precise_score": 2.3030953407287598, "rough_score": 4.304269313812256, "source": "search", "title": "The Mariner Mars Missions - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4 spent just 25 minutes doing observations of Mars as it cruised by on July 14, 1965. In that brief time, it took 21 full pictures that it beamed back to Earth the next day. The spacecraft's views would be the first ones beamed back from another planet.", "precise_score": 6.523972988128662, "rough_score": 6.042468070983887, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "America's Mariner 4 launched in November 1964 was the first successful probe to reach Mars, sending back 22 photos as it flew by in July 1965. The first close-up pictures ever of another world showed a barren wilderness.", "precise_score": 8.827372550964355, "rough_score": 8.598211288452148, "source": "search", "title": "Space Today Online - Exploring the Red Planet - Past Mars ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4 was launched on 28 November 1964. The spacecraft successfully flew by Mars on 14 July 1965. The mission returned the first close-up images of another planets surface.", "precise_score": 5.967957019805908, "rough_score": 6.679463863372803, "source": "search", "title": "Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "July 14 - The spacecraft Mariner 4 transmitted the first pictures of Mars.", "precise_score": 4.289342880249023, "rough_score": 1.3020586967468262, "source": "search", "title": "Space Exploration Timelines USA - National Archives and ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Until the first successful Mars flyby in 1965 by Mariner 4, many speculated about the presence of liquid water on the planet's surface. This was based on observed periodic variations in light and dark patches, particularly in the polar latitudes, which appeared to be seas and continents; long, dark striations were interpreted by some as irrigation channels for liquid water. These straight line features were later explained as optical illusions, though geological evidence gathered by uncrewed missions suggests that Mars once had large-scale water coverage on its surface at an earlier stage of its existence. In 2005, radar data revealed the presence of large quantities of water ice at the poles and at mid-latitudes. The Mars rover Spirit sampled chemical compounds containing water molecules in March 2007. The Phoenix lander directly sampled water ice in shallow Martian soil on July 31, 2008. On September 28, 2015, NASA announced the presence of briny flowing salt water on the Martian surface. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.46006882190704346, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mars" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4 was designed with 3 main objectives in mind. First, the probe was to conduct field and particle experiments in interplanetary space, including measurements of the Martian magnetic field, cosmic dust and cosmic rays, and the solar wind. Secondly, Mariner 4 was to provide close range images of Mars in order to provide us with the most detailed surface pictures ever obtained of the planet, hopefully revealing geologic and atmospheric processes. Finally, as interplanetary probes were still a new technology, the mission would provide experience in operational and engineering techniques required for long term interplanetary missions. An interesting spin-off of the last objective was the development of the radio-occultation experiment which obtained approval only after the spacecraft was already launched. The experiment took advantage of radio waves from the spacecraft propagating through the Martian atmosphere as the spacecraft passed behind the planet. Variations in the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the returned signal allowed calculations of atmospheric density, temperature, and scale height as functions of altitude.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8557800650596619, "source": "search", "title": "The Mariner Mars Missions - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Other than some degradation of the plasma probe and a failed Geiger counter, the Mariner 4 mission was a success. The relayed surface images revealed a cratered and moon-like surface, contrary to even conservative estimates of the Martian topography (it was later learned that the images were of a geologically older region of the planet). The images covered about 1% of the surface within a discontinuous band stretching from 40oS, 96oW to 40oN, 187oW. It was not conclusively determined whether or not Mars had an intrinsic magnetic field, but to date it is generally accepted that Mars is essentially without an intrinsic magnetic field of any significance. One of the great achievements of the Mariner 4 mission was the modification of mission plans while the spacecraft was in transit in order to accomodate the radio-occultation experiment. Not only did the experiment indicate surface pressures of 4.1 to 7.0 mbar (for comparison Earth has a surface pressure of 1013 mbar), but the experiment revealed the benefits of maintaining some flexibility in mission plans even after a spacecraft is launched.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.339986562728882, "source": "search", "title": "The Mariner Mars Missions - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "The probes were designed to concentrate entirely on Mars. Measurements of atmospheric composition, pressure, density, and temperature were made and the radio-occultation experiment designed during the Mariner 4 mission was once again implemented. Surface images of greater quality and quantity were hoped to provide a more complete picture of the Martian surface and, when combined with the atmospheric data, to allow planning for future missions in search of life on Mars. A celestial mechanics experiment was also included in the mission, which, by analysis of the extremely accurate tracking data of the paths of the spacecraft, provided a precise measurement of the mass of Mars. Finally, as long range interplanetary mission technology was still in its infancy, the missions provided valuable experience in the engineering and mission operations required for long-term flight away from the sun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7235798239707947, "source": "search", "title": "The Mariner Mars Missions - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "The mission was a complete success. In total, 201 images of Mars were acquired; the near encounter images covering about 10% of the Martian surface. In the near encounter sequences, the two spacecraft viewed different areas of the planet with Mariner 6 imaging a band from the equator to 10oS, spanning 60oW to 320oW, and Mariner 7 imaging the edge of the polar cap at 60oS, 0oW as well as a band from 10oN to 30oS, spanning 20oW to 105oW. The images essentially deflated any of the theories proposing the existence of artificial canals on the surface and the images also showed a lack of any correlation between geographical features and the light and dark areas seen by far encounter images and Earth based images. The images still did not show the widely varied terrain that was hoped for, but later missions revealed the truth about the exciting surface of Mars. Atmospheric experiments indicated the presence of dust suspended in the atmosphere, carbon dioxide ice and water ice clouds, carbon monoxide, ionized hydrogen, and ionized oxygen. Among the species not detected were ozone and nitrogen; both of which would have been beneficial to the existence of life similar to that on Earth. Surface temperatures as warm as 280-290K (290K is about 17o Celsius or 63o Fahrenheit) were detected near the equator, and it was found that, as one would expect, the darker areas of lower reflectance were generally warmer than the lighter colored deserts of higher reflectance. The radio-occultation experiment reinforced the findings of Mariner 4 with atmospheric pressure falling between 3.8 to 7.0 millibars and this experiment also detected an ionosphere on only the sunlit side of the planet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.864404201507568, "source": "search", "title": "The Mariner Mars Missions - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9700751304626465, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9700751304626465, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to fly by Mars, and the first to return close-up images of the Red Planet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.762513637542725, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Nevertheless, NASA continued to send spacecraft to Mars because Mariner 4 only took pictures of part of the surface. Later missions showed that Mars is actually quite different from the moon, with an active weather system and a much wetter past .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7025067806243896, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mars before Mariner 4", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.028478622436523, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4 spacecraft", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.528608322143555, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "This was the early days of space exploration, with a high rate of failure as NASA and the Soviet Union each tested new technology. As such, NASA elected to send two spacecraft to Mars around the same time – Mariner 3 and Mariner 4. This success had worked previously with Mariner 1 and Mariner 2 's voyages to Venus; while Mariner 1 failed, Mariner 2 successfully sent back information.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.042326927185059, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "This left only Mariner 4 to carry out the mission. NASA and its contractors hastily redesigned the nose fairing in the three weeks before its launch, and cheered its success when the spacecraft successfully headed for Mars on Nov. 28. The 574-pound (260 kilogram) spacecraft spent more than seven months cruising to the Red Planet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.774903297424316, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "From 6,200 miles to 10,500 miles (10,000 to 17,000 kilometers) up, Mariner 4 was too far away to see life such as plants or animals, NASA cautioned. Still, it would perhaps be close enough to figure out if there were canals or not.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226563453674316, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "This Mariner 4 image was the first picture showing unambiguous craters on the surface of Mars. The area, 262 by 310 km (162 by 192 miles), is a heavily cratered region south of Amazonis Planitia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.189145088195801, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "A \"real-time data translator\" machine converted Mariner 4 digital image data into numbers printed on strips of paper. Too anxious to wait for the official processed image, employees from the Voyager Telecommunications Section attached these strips side by side to a display panel and hand-colored the numbers like a paint-by-numbers picture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.786534309387207, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Reaction to Mariner 4's results", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42281436920166, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "According to NASA, the Mariner 4 mission forced most exobiologists to accept that life would not be obviously found on Mars. There was disappointment among some scientists, and the public alike. \"The New York Times\" remarked that Mars is \"probably a dead planet.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.309861183166504, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "NASA continued its exploration of Mars out of recognition that Mariner 4 only showed a partial view. Its next major mission there, Mariner 9 , revealed a planet of varied environments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.435746192932129, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "NASA's continued exploration of the Red Planet has revealed a much less barren surface than what Mariner 4 suggested.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.853504180908203, "source": "search", "title": "Mariner 4: First Spacecraft to Mars - Space.com: NASA ..." }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "The first spacecraft to successfully flyby Mars was the American Mariner 4 spacecraft. Orbit was first achieved with Mariner 9 in 1971. The mission returned thousands of images, giving us our first global look at the planet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.692356586456299, "source": "search", "title": "Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333364486694336, "source": "search", "title": "Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "Mariner 4", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333364486694336, "source": "search", "title": "Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes" }, { "answer": "Mariner 4", "passage": "1964: Mariner 4 (USA): Flyby. Took first pictures of Martian surface", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.480014324188232, "source": "search", "title": "Space Craft and Probes - Bob the Alien's Tour of the Solar ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Meredith was known later in his career for his appearances on The Twilight Zone, portraying arch-villain The Penguin on the 1960s TV series Batman, and boxing trainer Mickey Goldmill in the Rocky film series. \"Although those performances renewed his popularity,\" observed Mel Gussow in The New York Times, \"they represented only a small part of a richly varied career in which he played many of the more demanding roles in classical and contemporary theater—in plays by Shakespeare, O'Neill, Beckett and others.\"", "precise_score": 7.79758882522583, "rough_score": 7.730094909667969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Burgess Meredith" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Meredith was a favorite of director Otto Preminger, who cast him in Advise and Consent (1962), The Cardinal (1963), In Harm's Way (1965), Hurry Sundown (1967), Skidoo (1968), and Such Good Friends (1971). He was the Penguin in the Batman movie of 1966 based on the TV series, and in Stay Away Joe (1968) appeared as the father of Elvis Presley's character. In 1975, he received critical acclaim for his performance as Harry Greene in The Day of the Locust and received nominations for the BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for best supporting actor. Meredith then played Rocky Balboa's trainer, Mickey Goldmill, in the first three Rocky films (1976, 1979, and 1982). Though his character died in the third Rocky film, he returned briefly in a flashback in the fifth film, Rocky V (1990). His portrayal in the first film earned him his second consecutive nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "precise_score": 4.560184478759766, "rough_score": 5.3807525634765625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Burgess Meredith" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Meredith also played the Penguin in the television series Batman from 1966 to 1968. His role as the Penguin was so well-received, the show's writers always had a script featuring the Penguin ready whenever Meredith was available. He and Cesar Romero (the Joker) are tied for number of appearances on the show. ", "precise_score": 6.295358180999756, "rough_score": 6.053716659545898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Burgess Meredith" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "His last role before his death was the portrayal of both Hamilton Wofford and Covington Wofford characters in the 1996 video game Ripper by Take-Two Interactive. Meredith was considered to play the Penguin's father in the 1992 Tim Burton film Batman Returns, but illness prevented him from it and that role was taken by Paul Reubens. ", "precise_score": 2.7006189823150635, "rough_score": 1.3451849222183228, "source": "wiki", "title": "Burgess Meredith" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Burgess Meredith’s portrayal of The Penguin may be the most iconic (at least in appearance) of the entire series. With his purple top hat, monocle, and long cigarette, Meredith’s Penguin would appear in more Batman episodes (20) than any other villain. ", "precise_score": 7.062161922454834, "rough_score": 7.388728141784668, "source": "search", "title": "A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the ' Batman ' TV Series" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Second only to Burgess Meredith as The Penguin, Cesar Romero appears in Batman as The Joker in 19 episodes in total. Known for his bright green hair, stark white makeup, and wide smile, Romero’s Joker would become one of the show’s most memorable villains. The actor famously refused to shave his signature mustache and you can see it under the white face paint particularly well on the high-definition transfers included on this Blu-ray box set. ", "precise_score": 7.04122257232666, "rough_score": 6.240945816040039, "source": "search", "title": "A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the ' Batman ' TV Series" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) | Batman Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia", "precise_score": 4.09517765045166, "rough_score": 2.3593695163726807, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin was played by Burgess Meredith in the Batman television series of the 1960s and the spin-off movie. A largely campy interpretation because the series was essentially a situation comedy, Meredith's performance is perhaps best remembered through his signature laugh, meant to mimic the squawk of a penguin. One cause of the laugh was the smoke from the cigarettes the character always smoked, which irritated Meredith's throat and made him cough, as he had already quit smoking in real life. The Penguin's thugs wear black bowler hats, with dark clothing adorned with names of various animals of prey; these are either birds (\"Hawk\") or fish (\"Shark\").", "precise_score": 7.373907089233398, "rough_score": 8.127756118774414, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Burgess Meredith portrayed The Penguin in the 1960s Batman series , as well as the 1966 film . Meredith's portrayal of the Penguin tied with Cesar Romero 's Joker as the most frequent appearance of a villain on the show, and was in fact so popular that the writers always had an episode script featuring the Penguin ready whenever Meredith was available. His trademark \"quacking\" sound had been created to prevent the non-smoking Meredith from ruining takes by coughing whenever the frequently-smoking Penguin smoked.", "precise_score": 9.270705223083496, "rough_score": 9.206419944763184, "source": "search", "title": "Burgess Meredith - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "A veteran of stage and film whose numerous accomplishments in dramatic roles will, alas, probably be forever overshadowed by his portrayal of \"The Penguin\" on the 1960s TV series \"Batman\" (and the 1966 theatrical feature of the same name). After toiling in many odd jobs during the 1920s,… more", "precise_score": 1.004292607307434, "rough_score": 0.40625566244125366, "source": "search", "title": "Burgess Meredith - TV.com" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "* Batman – The Penguin (1966)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.080287456512451, "source": "wiki", "title": "Burgess Meredith" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "*Batman – 21 episodes – The Penguin – (1966–1968)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.537313461303711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Burgess Meredith" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "*The Monkees – episode – Monkees Blow Their Minds – The Penguin (Cameo) (uncredited) (1968) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.1594820022583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Burgess Meredith" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Batman faces a variety of foes ranging from common criminals to outlandish supervillains. Many of them mirror aspects of the Batman's character and development, often having tragic origin stories that lead them to a life of crime. These foes are commonly referred to as Batman's \"rogues gallery\". Batman's \"most implacable foe\" is the Joker, a homicidal maniac with a clown-like appearance. The Joker is considered by critics to be his perfect adversary, since he is the antithesis of Batman in personality and appearance; the Joker has a maniacal demeanor with a colorful appearance, while Batman has a serious and resolute demeanor with a dark appearance. As a \"personification of the irrational\", the Joker represents \"everything Batman [opposes]\". Other long time recurring foes that are part of Batman's rogues gallery include Catwoman (a cat burglar antiheroine who is an occasional ally), the Penguin, Ra's al Ghul, Two-Face, the Riddler, the Scarecrow, Mr. Freeze, Poison Ivy, Harley Quinn, Bane, Clayface, and Killer Croc among others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.392555236816406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The title sequence features animated versions of Batman and Robin, drawn in the then-current style of the comic books, running towards camera and then fighting an assortment of villains, including several \"marquee\" villains such as the Joker and the Penguin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.768840312957764, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Despite the regular fighting on the show, Batman and Robin typically use non-lethal force; only three criminal characters die during the series: the Riddler's moll Molly (played by Jill St. John in episode two), who accidentally falls into the Batcave's atomic reactor, and two out-of-town gunmen who shoot at Batman and Robin, but kill each other instead, toward the end of \"Zelda The Great/A Death Worse Than Fate\". Twice, the Catwoman (Julie Newmar) appears to fall to her death (into a bottomless pit and from a high building into a river), but since she returned in later episodes, as a \"cat\", she presumably has nine lives, thus has several more left. In \"Instant Freeze\", Mr. Freeze freezes a butler solid and knocks him over, and sound-effects suggest that he is shattered into pieces. A later reference suggests the butler survived. In \"Green Ice\", Mr. Freeze freezes a policeman solid; it is left unclear whether he survived. In \"The Penguin's Nest\", a policeman suffers an electric shock at the hands of the Penguin's accomplices, but he is presumed to survive, as he appears in some later episodes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.1506266593933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The villains commonly have henchmen whose names are somehow associated with the villain's identity; for example, Catwoman's henchmen have cat-related names. Characters commonly use alliterations. Examples include Batman referring to the Joker as a \"hateful harlequin\" and the Penguin calling Catwoman a \"feline floozy\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.36004638671875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Joker, the Penguin, the Riddler, Catwoman, Mr. Freeze, and the Mad Hatter, villains who originated in the comic books, all appeared in the series, the plots for which were deliberately villain-driven as well as action-comedy heavy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.229469299316406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Several cast members recorded music tied in to the series. Adam West released a single titled \"Miranda\", a country-tinged pop song that he actually performed in costume during live appearances in the 1960s. Frank Gorshin released a song titled \"The Riddler\", which was composed and arranged by Mel Tormé. Burgess Meredith recorded a spoken-word single called \"The Escape\" backed with \"The Capture\", which consisted of the Penguin narrating his recent crime spree to a jazz beat. Burt Ward recorded a song called \"Boy Wonder, I Love You\", written and arranged by Frank Zappa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.45526123046875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "* The episodes \"Fine Feathered Finks\" and \"The Penguin's a Jinx\" are based on \"Partners in Plunder!\" from Batman #169 (February 1965), written by France Eddie Herron; the only difference is the Penguin steals the jeweled meteorite (which was mentioned in the comic), instead of kidnapping Dawn Robbins (who did not appear in the comic).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.863068580627441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "* The episodes \"The Penguin Goes Straight\" and \"Not Yet, He Ain't\" have a plot point of the Penguin framing Batman for a theft actually comes from Detective Comics #58 (December 1941) by Bill Finger, which is ironic as it was to be the issue in which the Penguin first appeared.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.265560150146484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Warner Bros. acquired merchandising rights to the series in 2012,[http://www.deadline.com/2012/06/warner-bros-launches-merchandise-campaign-for-1960s-batman-tv-series/] and in 2013 Mattel released an action figure line based on the television series. To date only a single series of figures have been produced: Batman, the Riddler, the Joker, the Penguin, Catwoman and exclusive to a boxset Robin. Two Batman variants were also produced a limited SDCC exclusive figure with an action feature that replicates the famous Batusi dance and a Surf's Up Batman figure complete with surfboard and trunks. Each figure has the likeness of their respective actor (with Catwoman resembling Newmar and the Riddler resembling Gorshin) and came packaged with a display base and collector card. A Batmobile was also sold to retail making this the first time the classic model has been produced for action figures in the 6-inch scale.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0236899852752686, "source": "wiki", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "3. THE PENGUIN (BURGESS MEREDITH)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.040219783782959, "source": "search", "title": "A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the ' Batman ' TV Series" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Despite the charming and talented Ethel Merman’s performance, Lola Lasagne is one of Batman’s least interesting and memorable villains. For one, her weapon of choice is the parasol. Secondly, she mostly plays in the shadows of one of the show’s most memorable villains, The Penguin. If it weren’t for Ethel Merman, we might not remember Lola at all.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.387921333312988, "source": "search", "title": "A Visual Guide to All 37 Villains in the ' Batman ' TV Series" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5438028573989868, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "―The Penguin [src]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40456485748291, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin was an arch-nemesis of Batman .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8512091636657715, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Cobblepot", "passage": "He also loves discrediting Batman and Robin. But Batman always wins out because he doesn't concern himself with popular opinion, his dedication to solving the crime at hand allows him to cut right to the heart of Penguin's schemes. Penguin also fancies himself to be quite the ladies' man. He carries himself with an aristocratic air, and is always formally attired. A cigarette is always on hand, and since he is one of refined tastes, Penguin uses a cigarette holder. In one of the 1966 episodes when Penguin thought he was rich (before being outfoxed by Batman) he tried to buy a unnamed country but declined to do so-because he is allergic to Zodka! In another classic Batman episode Penguin claims that he once was a actor. (In the comedy series he is always refered to as Penguin but not by his real name of Oswald Cobblepot). In the state Prison his jail cell is P.G.1 along with Joker, Riddler, Catwoman, King Tut and Egghead in the exclusive Supervillians section! At times a genius of crime-he once tricked Batman into unknowningly planning crimes for him and Brainwashed Alfred Pennyworth into working for him-he has a working knowledge of electronics that when he and Joker tried to take over the Batcave, both Criminals were x-rayed with a Bat beam that noted their physical bone structure. He also suffers from a short term memory loss-he failed to recognize Bruce Wayne (thinking he was a umbrella factory spy!) and had trouble recognizing Alfred Pennyworth twice -once when Alfred portrayed a forger and another time when Alfred took the place of a minister (although Penguin had brainwashed Alfred!)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.927912712097168, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Burgess Meredith as the Penguin. The purple top hat and bow tie are departures from the black top hat and black bow tie of the comics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.170956134796143, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin uses his many umbrellas as a weapon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434137344360352, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "In the 1966 Batman movie, the Penguin teams up with Batman's other three greatest foes: The Joker , the Riddler , and Catwoman . Kidnapping Commodore Schmidlapp , the Penguin lures Batman into a trap, in the form of an exploding shark. This ultimately fails, but then the Riddler devises a combination trap, with the Penguin's role involving an exploding octopus. Their plan fails, because the millionaire they kidnapped (to make Batman come to the rescue) was Bruce Wayne, and instead one of the villains' henchmen falls victim to the exploding octopus (triggered by the Joker's jack in the box).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.278221130371094, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "With five of their henchmen (guinea pigs) dehydrated and turned to dust, the Penguin disguises himself at Commodore Schmidlapp and gets Batman and Robin to take him into the Batcave (thus making the Riddler the only one of the four to never enter the Batcave) where he sets the guinea pigs on Batman and Robin, however he accidentally rehydrates them with heavy water instead of light water, thus they vanish at the slightest impact. After they exit the Batcave, he uses the Penguin Gas umbrella on them and steals the Batmobile (but they are unaffected due to taking a special pill). Eventually, Batman and Robin fight all the villains in the ultimate showdown at the submarine. Near the end, Batman fights the Penguin and hits him with the telescope, knocking him into the water and defeating him. He is captured along with the rest of the criminals when Robin chains them to the side of the submarine and Batman calls the coast guard. In the 1960s series Penguin once claimed to have been an actor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.207507610321045, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "He was also one of six arch-criminals freed from prison by Dr. Cassandra Spellcraft to form her new invisible gang, but this brief cameo appearance was by a stand-in. The only voice made by the Penguin was his bird-like laughter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.621391296386719, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Just as Batman and Robin do not go at crime-fighting alone, The Penguin needs fellow partners in crime to assist him with his malicious schemes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.494392395019531, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Cordy Blue and Matey Dee (portrayed by Lane Bradford, and Vito Scotti): Penguin's henchmen when he opened The Penguin's Nest restaurant. They were inmates on parole. Cordy Blue was the chief hash-slinger in the State Penn. Matey Dee was Warden Crichton's personal valet while in prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.870044708251953, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Burgess Meredith, as the Penguin made a brief cameo appearance in the 1968 episode of The Monkees entitled \"The Monkees Blow Their Minds\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7157443761825562, "source": "search", "title": "The Penguin (Burgess Meredith) - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin—Played by Burgess Meredith . The Penguin is an old arch enemy of the Caped Crusaders. He baffles them with his fishy clues as to what crime he is going to commit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.432075023651123, "source": "search", "title": "Batman (1960s TV series) : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The same pattern was repeated in the following episode until the villain was defeated in a major brawl where the action was punctuated by superimposed onomatopoeic words, as in comic book fight scenes (\"POW!\", \"BAM!\", \"ZONK!\", etc.). Not counting five of the Penguin's henchmen who disintegrate or get blown up in the associated Batman theatrical movie, only three criminal characters die during the series: the Riddler's moll Molly (played by Jill St. John in Episode 2) who accidentally falls into the Batcave's atomic pile, and two out-of-town gunmen who shoot at the Dynamic Duo toward the end of the \"Zelda The Great/A Death Worse Than Fate\" episode, but end up killing each other instead. In \"Instant Freeze,\" Mr. Freeze freezes a butler solid and knocks him over, causing him to smash to pieces, although this is implied rather than seen, and there is a later reference suggesting the butler survived. In \"Green Ice,\" Mr. Freeze freezes a policeman solid; it is left unclear whether he survived or not. In \"The Penguin's Nest,\" a policeman suffers an electric shock at the hands of the Penguin's accomplices, but he apparently survived as he appeared in some later episodes. In \"The Bookworm Turns,\" Commissioner Gordon appears to be shot and falls off a bridge to his death, but Batman deduces that this was actually an expert high diver in disguise, employed by The Bookworm as a ruse (implying that the diver survived the fall).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.073073387145996, "source": "search", "title": "Batman (1960s TV series) : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Many sports, music, and media personalities, and a number of Hollywood actors, looked forward to and enjoyed their appearances as villains on the Batman show. They were generally allowed to overact and enjoy themselves on a high-rated TV series, guaranteeing them considerable exposure (and thus boosting their careers). The most popular villains on the show included Cesar Romero as the Joker , Burgess Meredith as The Penguin , Frank Gorshin as The Riddler , and Julie Newmar as Catwoman . Other famous names from the \"rogues gallery\" in the comic book series made appearances on the show (notably The Mad Hatter ), and some were taken from other superheroes , such as The Puzzler (a Superman villain) and The Clock King (a Green Arrow villain, who was again portrayed as a Batman villain in the 1990s animated series). Many other villains were created especially for the TV show, and never did appear in the comic books (e.g., Shame, Lorelei \"The Siren\" Circe, Lee Chandell/Fingers, the Bookworm, Lord Marmaduke Ffogg, Dr. Cassandra Spellcraft, and Louie the Lilac), while some were hybrids. The comics' Mr. Zero was renamed Mr. Freeze , a name change that was copied in the comics with lasting effect, and the comics's Brainy Barrows was reworked as Egghead . A recent comic book featured the first appearance of a version of King Tut. [3]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0938581228256226, "source": "search", "title": "Batman (1960s TV series) : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34407901763916, "source": "search", "title": "Burgess Meredith - Batman Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Of all the villains that the Dynamic Duo were pitted against, the four individuals pictured above were undoubtedly the most dangerous. They aren't immediately recognisable from this particular photograph as they're all wearing masks to conceal their identities. However, the trained eye can positively identify them as (from left to right), The Penguin, The Riddler, Catwoman and The Joker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.059638023376465, "source": "search", "title": "BAT-VILLAINS as featured in BATMAN The 60s TV Series" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Cesar Romero was absolutely brilliant as The Joker, and fortunately he stuck with the role right to the end of its third and final season. He appeared in the movie, and also in nineteen episodes of the television series. Episodes 5, 6, 15, 16, 25, 26, 55, 56, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 91, 92, 104, 110, 111 and 118. He was pipped at the post for most appearances by The Penguin, who turned up twenty times on TV as well as appearing in the movie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.080460548400879, "source": "search", "title": "BAT-VILLAINS as featured in BATMAN The 60s TV Series" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34407901763916, "source": "search", "title": "BAT-VILLAINS as featured in BATMAN The 60s TV Series" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "61 - The Penguin's Nest - first broadcast  on the 7th of December 1966.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.987215995788574, "source": "search", "title": "Chickadee (Batman) - EvilBabes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "The Penguin has an elaborate scheme to deliberately get himself put into Gotham State prison in order to link up with a master forger, \"Ballpoint\" Baxter. The arch crook, pretending he's going straight, opens a restaurant called \"The Penguin's nest\". Secretly he's collecting handwriting samples of the wealthy patrons of his restaurant to enable Baxter to forge their signatures on checks. But, despite stealing jewellery from Mrs Cooper, assaulting Chief O'Hara and Commissioner Gordon, attempting to murder O'Hara along with Batman and Robin, and pretending to kill one of his henchmen, Penguin is thwarted in his attempts to get himself sent to the prison (he only gets as far as the city jail, imprisoned among petty criminals). A frustrated Penguin finally breaks into Wayne Manor and demands a million dollars from Bruce, or he will kill his hostage, Alfred the butler. But the Penguin and his gang are defeated in a fight with Batman, Robin, Alfred and Mrs Cooper. Now, finally, it seems the Penguin is to get his wish to be sent \"up the river\" to rendezvous with \"Ballpoint\" Baxter. However, while waiting at police HQ to be sent away, the furious Penguin and his gang find Ballpoint is being paroled under the supervision of Bruce Wayne to work with underprivileged children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.178200721740723, "source": "search", "title": "Chickadee (Batman) - EvilBabes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Chickadee is one of Penguin's crime gang, posing as a hat check and cigarette girl at the arch villain's \"legitimate\" restaurant, \"The Penguin's Nest\". Chickadee is high on the list of the most incorrigible criminal type henchwomen/molls who feature in the series. Commissioner Gordon describes her as a \"notorious female bootlegger of untaxed cigars\". She's also one of the fairly uncommon gun toting villains on the show (firearms don't figure very much generally in the series, but these 2 episodes are notably gun orientated). Something of a \"giggling psycho\", she takes a significant and enthusiastic part in the Penguin gang's villainous activities. A completely ruthless criminal, she clearly gets a lot of fun out of crime. Among her actions are - tripping Chief O'Hara, then holding him as a hostage at gunpoint, assisting with Penguin's death trap by shoving the hapless Chief into an electrified swimming pool while he's locked in a trunk, and holding the elderly Mrs Cooper captive with an umbrella gun - threatening to \"blow the old lady's brains out!\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.816808700561523, "source": "search", "title": "Chickadee (Batman) - EvilBabes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Chickadee is a rarity among the henchwomen in the series in that she doesn't just get arrested at the end of the story, but has a physical comeuppance too. This seems very appropriate, as Chickadee is one of the really \"bad girl\" henchwomen in the series. During the final fight at Wayne Manor, seeing her side's losing,  Chickadee threatens to shoot Mrs Cooper unless Batman and Robin stop demolishing Penguin and his men and surrender. But Alfred foils Chickadee as he grabs at her umbrella gun - Mrs Cooper then KOs the henchwoman on the head with a vase, knocking her out. We next see Chickadee in handcuffs with the rest of the Penguin gang at police HQ, where they are soon all taken off to prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.900668144226074, "source": "search", "title": "Chickadee (Batman) - EvilBabes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Chickadee at the Penguin's Nest (Grace Gaynor with Vito Scotti)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335593223571777, "source": "search", "title": "Chickadee (Batman) - EvilBabes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "The Penguin", "passage": "Wealthy entrepreneur Bruce Wayne and his ward Dick Grayson lead a double life: they are actually the crime-fighting duo Batman and Robin. A secret Batpole in the Wayne mansion leads to the Batcave, where Police Commissioner Gordon summons the Dynamic Duo on the Batphone with the latest emergency threatening Gotham City. Racing to the scene of the crime in the jet-powered Batmobile, Batman and Robin must (with the help of their trusty utility-belts) thwart the efforts of a rogues gallery of flamboyant arch-villains, including the Joker, the Penguin, the Riddler and the Catwoman. Written by Murray Chapman <[email protected]>", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.085363388061523, "source": "search", "title": "Batman (TV Series 1966–1968) - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The US Army Fokker transport Question Mark set an endurance refueling record in January 1929, only to have it shattered numerous times during the year. Photo courtesy Dennis Parks", "precise_score": 0.509797215461731, "rough_score": 3.830770254135132, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The Curtiss-Robertson St. Louis Robin being refueled during its flight to a new world’s endurance record of 420 hours greatly surpassing the record of 150 hours set by the Army’s Question Mark at the beginning of the year. Source: Aircraft Yearbook for 1930", "precise_score": 4.375275611877441, "rough_score": 6.142561912536621, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "1929 would become a banner year for endurance flights, seeing a series of brilliant flights almost inconceivable at the time. In the course of the year nearly 40 attempts to set new endurance records with the aid of refueling were made. Nine planes surpassed the Question Mark’s record of 150 hours during the year. Four of them received national attention as they set world’s record for a time.", "precise_score": 3.7118117809295654, "rough_score": -0.252712219953537, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Question Mark took off from Van Nuys at 7:26 a.m. on New Years Day 1929 with Eaker at the controls, carrying only 100 US gallons (380 L) of fuel to save takeoff weight. [6] Aboard the Question Mark, either Halverson or Quesada did most of the piloting during cruising flight while Eaker monitored the throttles for smoothest engine performance. A log was kept by the flight officer (co-pilot) and dropped to the ground daily, and Eaker was responsible for winding the barograph , an instrument that continuously recorded altitude and time as documentary evidence for the records. [9]", "precise_score": -1.8569352626800537, "rough_score": -0.20842663943767548, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The flight of the Question Mark inspired a rash of projects to break the endurance record. In 1929 alone 40 flights were attempted, all by civilians, and nine succeeded in surpassing Question Mark's record. At the end of 1929 the record stood at over 420 hours, established by Dale \"Red\" Jackson and Forest E. \"Obie\" O'Brine in the Curtiss Robin Greater St. Louis. [16]", "precise_score": 4.110008239746094, "rough_score": 3.440007209777832, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The Air Corps followed up the flight of the Question Mark with a mission to demonstrate its applicability in combat. On May 21, 1929, during annual maneuvers, a Keystone LB-7 piloted by Moon took off from Fairfield Air Depot in Dayton, Ohio, on a simulated mission to New York City via Washington, D.C. Plans were for the bomber to be refueled in flight several times, drop a flash bomb over New York harbor, then return to Dayton non-stop, again by way of Washington. Moon had 1st Lt. John Paul Richter, who had been a hose handler on the first-ever refueling aerial refueling mission on May 28, 1923, as a member of his five-man crew. The C-1 tanker employed to refuel the LB-7 was flown by Hoyt and two enlisted men. While attempting an air refueling en route from Dayton to Washington, icing forced the tanker to land in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, where it got stuck in mud. After flying to New York, the LB-7 was forced to land at Bolling Field. [17] The next day the tanker joined the bomber and both flew to New York, where they made a public demonstration of air refueling and four dry runs. [18]", "precise_score": 1.503199577331543, "rough_score": 3.5764451026916504, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "\"Question Mark\" is a famous aircraft, because it set an early Army refueled endurance record between January 1-7, 1929; a total of 150 hours and 40 minutes. Refer to the link to Spatz' page above for an overview of the flight and just what kinds of preparations went into the endurance flight. The details are withering!", "precise_score": 5.3564558029174805, "rough_score": 5.978789329528809, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Below are three photographs of the \"Question Mark\" from the San Diego Aerospace Museum (SDAM). The first is an official Army photo taken in flight on October 13, 1929 at 10:05AM, about nine months after it passed through Tucson to and from its historic flight.", "precise_score": -0.39941054582595825, "rough_score": -1.6228420734405518, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "January 1929 began the year with an achievement that many thought would never be exceeded anytime in the near future — the epic six day flight of the Question Mark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.896566867828369, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The Question Mark was a modified Fokker transport aircraft that was flown to a refueled endurance record by US Army aviators. The flight established new world records for sustained flight, refueled flight, and distance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.488431930541992, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Taking off from Los Angeles Metropolitan Field on Jan. 1, 1929, the Question Mark stayed aloft for 150 hours and 40 minutes, landing back at Los Angeles nearly a week later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.978970527648926, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "But the Question Mark record was not the end-all. There would be nearly 40 civilian attempts to set a new endurance record with refueling during the remainder of the year. Four of these attempts set new world’s records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.380016326904297, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The flight of the Question Mark fired up fliers with enthusiasm for duration flights. In May two Texas pilots, James Kelly and Reginald Robbins, reconditioned a Ryan B-1 Brougham cabin monoplane named Fort Worth. This was an aircraft that had already flown 50,000 miles and had a second-hand Wright Whirlwind engine that had run 500 hours.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.401156425476074, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Both pilots were hardly more than amateurs, Kelly being a former cowboy and Robbins a former railroad mechanic. It was considered at the time a rather brash attempt to exceed the world’s record of the Question Mark, which had been piloted by experienced fliers backed by the resources of the US Army.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.779566764831543, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "After exceeding the Question Mark’s record, it was thought the pilots would land, but they kept at it until the vibration of the engine became so violent they decided to land rather than risk a crash.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.244527816772461, "source": "search", "title": "1929’s record-setting endurance flights — General Aviation ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Question Mark (aircraft) | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.578283309936523, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "As word of the project spread, its members were continually being asked how long they expected to remain aloft. Their responses were generally to the effect: \"That is the question.\" A large question mark was painted on each side of the fuselage to provoke interest in the endurance flight, prompting the nickname of the plane.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.750955581665039, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "To deliver the fuel, two Douglas C-1 single-engine transports were also modified, s/n 25-428 designated \"Refueling Airplane No. 1\" and s/n 25-432 as \"Refueling Airplane No. 2.\" The biplane C-1s were evolved from the Douglas World Cruiser design, with the pilots side-by-side in an open cockpit forward of the wing. Two 150-US-gallon (570 L) tanks were installed in their cargo compartments, attached to a lead-weighted 50-foot (15 m) length of 2.5-inch (64 mm) fire hose . The nozzle of the hose had a quick-closing valve on the tanker's end and was tightly wrapped with copper wire, one end of which could be attached to a corresponding copper plate mounted in Question Mark to ground the hose. [6] The C-1's would each carry a third crewman in the cargo compartment to reel out the hose, lower a supply rope, and to work the shutoff valve.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5228095054626465, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Because of weight considerations and the unreliability of radios, none was installed in the Question Mark. All communications between the aircraft or between Question Mark and the ground had to be accomplished using flags, flares, flashlights, weighted message bags, notes tied to the supply lines, or messages written in chalk on the fuselages of PW-9D fighters, painted black and nicknamed \"blackboard planes\". (One such message written on the side of a 95th Pursuit Squadron is externally linked below.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40457820892334, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The crew of Question Mark consisted of Spaatz, Eaker, 1st Lt. Harry A. Halverson , Quesada, and Sgt. Roy W. Hooe. Refueling Airplane No. 1 (at Rockwell) was crewed by pilots Capt. Ross G. Hoyt and 1st Lt. Auby C. Strickland, with 2nd Lt. Irwin A. Woodring reeling the hose. Refueling Airplane No. 2 (at Van Nuys) was crewed by pilots 1st Lt. Odas Moon and 2nd Lt. Joseph G. Hopkins, and hose handler 2nd Lt. Andrew F. Solter. [7]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.162353515625, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Less than an hour later Moon completed the first refueling over Van Nuys. During refuelings, Eaker and Halverson manned the controls, Spaatz and Quesada supervised the fuel exchange, and Hooe operated a \"wobble\" pump. The C-1 approached the Question Mark from above and behind, maintaining 20 to 30 feet (9.1 m) of vertical separation, until in a position slightly ahead of the C-2. Both aircraft stabilized in level flight at 80 mph (130 km/h) and the hose was reeled out. Spaatz climbed on a platform below the open hatch, and wearing rain gear and goggles for protection against fuel spills, grounded the hose and then placed it in a receptacle mounted in the upper fuselage. [10]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.701613426208496, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The five men aboard Question Mark underwent medical examinations before the flight, and their flight surgeon planned a special diet. However an electric stove to heat food was eliminated to save weight, and hot meals were sent aloft by the refuelers, including a turkey dinner on New Years Day prepared by a church in Van Nuys. [5] The crew warded off boredom by reading, playing cards, sleeping in bunks mounted over the fuel tanks, and writing letters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.062265396118164, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "We went over the Rose Bowl. It was very bumpy, as you can appreciate, as we should have appreciated, up against those mountains in January, and the refueling plane and the Question Mark were torn apart. I was piloting the Question Mark and I realized that General Spaatz had probably been drenched in high octane gasoline. [11]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.114387512207031, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Fog, turbulence, and darkness altered the refueling schedule, shortening some contacts and delaying others. On six occasions the Question Mark was forced away from its flight track to refuel, once over Oceanside and five times over El Centro . Maintaining contact formation became more difficult as the weight of the planes changed during transfer, especially since the refueling pilot could not observe the Question Mark. Hoyt developed a system whereby Woodring tugged on a string tied to the pilot's arm if the C-1's speed was excessive. [8] Early in the flight a window blew out of the C-2's cabin, but a replacement was eventually hauled up and installed by Hooe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.319731712341309, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Although the crew flew the plane at slow cruising speeds to nurse the engines, they were eventually overstressed from extended use. The left engine began losing power as early as the third day. [11] Hooe taped down his trouser cuffs, donned a parachute, and rigged a lifeline to service the engines from the makeshift catwalks, but the inflight lubricating systems only delayed and could not prevent engine wear. Once the cylinders began missing, the Question Mark shortened its loops to remain within gliding distance of Van Nuys. Eaker was able to clear fouled spark plugs by completely opening the throttles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.926002502441406, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The Question Mark landed under power at Metropolitan Airport at 2:06 p.m., 150 hours, 40 minutes, and 14 seconds after takeoff. The left engine had seized because of a pushrod failure, and the others both suffered severe rocker arm wear. [5]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.738883972167969, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Refueled 37 times and resupplied six others, with 12 of the 43 replenishments taking place at night, the Question Mark took on 5,660 US gallons (21,400 L) of fuel, 245 US gallons (930 L) of oil, and supplies of food and water for its five-man crew. Hoyt and Refueling Airplane No. 1, flying from Rockwell and a backup airport at Imperial, California , resupplied Question Mark a total of 27 times (ten at night), while Moon's crew at Van Nuys flew 16 sorties, two at night. [12] In all, the flight broke existing world records for sustained flight (heavier-than-air), refueled flight, sustained flight (lighter-than-air), and distance. [13]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.325006484985352, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The Question Mark was re-engined with 300 horsepower (220 kW) Wright R-975 engines in 1931, and in the practice of the day was redesignated a \"C-7\". It served out its service life as a transport airplane, first for the 22nd Observation Squadron at Pope Field , North Carolina, and then with the 47th School Squadron at Randolph Field , Texas. On November 3, 1932, the aircraft ran out of fuel and was severely damaged trying to land at Davenport Auxiliary Field, 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the base, [23] [24] [n 3] and was surveyed (scrapped) in 1934. A major component of the refueling device is in the collections of the Historical Society of Berks County in Reading, Pennsylvania.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0567779541015625, "source": "search", "title": "Question Mark (aircraft) - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of the Davis-Monthan Airfield Register Website", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.846192359924316, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "This link takes you to the \"Flight of the 'Question Mark'\" on the official U.S. Air Force Web site.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.69012451171875, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "THE \"QUESTION MARK\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.340066909790039, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, The \"Question Mark\" (Source: Klein)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.699605941772461, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "28-120 came to Tucson the second time on January 21, 1929. The pilot this time was Carl Spatz . Spatz and his crew remained overnight at Tucson, departing at 7:00 next morning. The location of this image at right is unknown, but see this link for an image of Spatz and the \"Question Mark\" on the ground at Tucson on January 21st.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.049349308013916, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Below, the \"Question Mark\" is refueled on the last day of its record flight over the Imperial Valley, January 7, 1929. Note the fuel line between the airplanes and the crew member wrestling with the nozzle. A two-minute video of the \"Question Mark\" during its flight is available at the link. All the crew members are shown briefly toward the end of the clip.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.981485366821289, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Below, from the SDAM, the final crew of the \"Question Mark.\" They are, L-R, Hooe, Quesada, Halverson, Eaker and Spatz. This photograph was taken either before or after the flight, since all are cleaned up and shaved. Note the \"?\" to Spatz' left.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.132831573486328, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Crew of the Question Mark,\" January, 1929, (L-R) Hooe, Quesada, Halverson, Eaker & Spatz (Source: SDAM)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.683648109436035, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Someone wrote \"Question Mark\" in the Passenger field of the Register. The name of the airplane was based on how long the crew thought they would remain aloft: they didn't really know.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.164361953735352, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "Interestingly, the Army endurance flight coincided with an endurance record set by Bobbi Trout . Their airplanes were in the air at the same time and in the same vicinity. Spatz dropped a note of encouragement from the \"Question Mark\" that was shared with Trout.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.93541955947876, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." }, { "answer": "Question Mark", "passage": "The \"Question Mark\", Spatz and Eaker enjoy good Web coverage (see some examples in the left sidebar).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441858291625977, "source": "search", "title": "The Fokker C-2 Transport 28-120, \"Question Mark\" Page of ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "1958", "passage": "The 707-120 was the first production 707 variant, with a longer, wider fuselage, and greater wingspan than the Dash 80. The cabin had a full set of rectangular windows and could seat up to 189 passengers. It was designed for transcontinental routes, and often required a refueling stop when flying across the North Atlantic. It had four Pratt & Whitney JT3C-6 turbojets, civilian versions of the military J57, initially producing 13,000 lb (57.8 kN) with water injection. Maximum takeoff weight was 247,000 lb and first flight was on December 20, 1957. Major orders were the launch order for 20 707-121 aircraft by Pan Am and an American Airlines order for 30 707-123 aircraft. The first revenue flight was on October 26, 1958; 56 were built, plus seven short-bodied −138s; the last −120 was delivered to Western in May 1960.", "precise_score": 5.391931056976318, "rough_score": 6.621662139892578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boeing 707" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Within the United States, National Airlines became the first to begin jet service, using leased Boeing 707s, on December 10, 1958. American Airlines offered the first domestic jet service using its own aircraft on January 25, 1959 with a flight from New York to Los Angeles. With this coast-to-coast service, American had a big competitive coup; the two other major domestic U.S. airlines, Trans World Airlines (TWA) and United Airlines, had not anticipated the imminent use of jets for domestic service. TWA quickly scrambled to catch up, and using a single Boeing 707, it joined the coast-to-coast flight market in March 1959. The last minute move helped keep TWA afloat through a difficult period of economic loss.", "precise_score": 4.112395763397217, "rough_score": 6.719563961029053, "source": "search", "title": "Air Transportation: The Opening of the Commercial Jet Era" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "In October 1955, Trippe signed contracts with both companies to buy 45 of these jets (20 707s and 25 DC-8s). Exactly two years later, Boeing rolled out the first operational 707, a Boeing 707-120, and on October 26, 1958, amid much fanfare, Pan American inaugurated its New York-London route, ushering in a new era in the history of passenger aviation. On the very first flight, which made a stopover in Newfoundland, there were 111 passengers, the largest number ever to board a single regularly scheduled flight. Coach fares were $272, about the same as one would expect to pay for a piston-engine flight across the Atlantic.", "precise_score": 6.838873386383057, "rough_score": 7.223235607147217, "source": "search", "title": "the jet airliner - century of flight" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Within the United States, National Airlines became the first to begin jet service, using leased Boeing 707s, on December 10, 1958. American Airlines offered the first domestic jet service using its own aircraft on January 25, 1959 with a flight from New York to Los Angeles. With this coast-to-coast service, American had a big competitive coup; the two other major domestic U.S. airlines, Trans World Airlines (TWA) and United Airlines, had not anticipated the imminent use of jets for domestic service. TWA quickly scrambled to catch up, and using a single Boeing 707, it joined the coast-to-coast flight market in March 1959. The last minute move helped keep TWA afloat through a difficult period of economic loss.", "precise_score": 4.112395763397217, "rough_score": 6.719563961029053, "source": "search", "title": "the jet airliner - century of flight" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "When Boeing introduced its 707 model , Pan Am had the airplane it needed to begin offering flights between the United States and Europe. Juan Trippe touted the trans-Atlantic flights as a new era in travel, and the first Pan Am flight between New York and London was made with a Boeing 707 on Oct. 26, 1958.", "precise_score": 6.605381011962891, "rough_score": 8.505590438842773, "source": "search", "title": "Oct. 4, 1958: ‘Comets’ Debut Trans-Atlantic Jet Age | WIRED" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized, long-range, narrow-body, four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979. Its name is commonly pronounced as \"seven oh seven\". Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of 2500 to. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.76570987701416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boeing 707" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "The 707 was developed from the Boeing 367-80, a prototype jet first flown in 1954. A larger fuselage cross-section and other modifications resulted in the initial-production 707-120, powered by Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines, which first flew on December 20, 1957. Pan American World Airways began regular 707 service on October 26, 1958. Later derivatives included the shortened long-range 707-138 and the stretched 707-320, both of which entered service in 1959. A smaller short-range variant, the 720, was introduced in 1960. The 707-420, a version of the stretched 707 with Rolls-Royce Conway turbofans, debuted in 1960, while Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofans debuted on the 707-120B and 707-320B models in 1961 and 1962, respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.4310503005981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boeing 707" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "The first flight of the first-production 707-120 took place on December 20, 1957, and FAA certification followed on September 18, 1958. Both test pilots Joseph John \"Tym\" Tymczyszyn and James R. Gannett were awarded the first Iven C. Kincheloe Award for the test flights that led to certification. A number of changes were incorporated into the production models from the prototype. A Krueger flap was installed along the leading edge between the inner and outer engines on early 707-120 and −320 models. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0501086711883545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boeing 707" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Pan Am was the first airline to operate the 707; the carrier inaugurated 707 service with a christening at National Airport on October 17, 1958, attended by President Eisenhower, followed by a transatlantic flight for VIPs (personal guests of founder Juan Trippe) from Baltimore's Friendship International Airport to Paris. The aircraft's first commercial flight was from Idlewild Airport, New York, to Le Bourget, Paris, on October 26, 1958, with a fuel stop in Gander, Newfoundland. In December, National Airlines operated the first U.S. domestic jet airline flights between New York/Idlewild and Miami, using 707s leased from Pan Am; American Airlines was the first domestic airline to fly its own jets, on January 25, 1959. TWA started domestic 707-131 flights in March and Continental Airlines started 707-124 flights in June; airlines that had ordered only the DC-8, such as United, Delta, and Eastern, were left without jets until September and lost market share on transcontinental flights. Qantas was the first non-US airline to use the 707s, starting in 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.0052900314331055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boeing 707" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "The 707-320 Intercontinental is a stretched version of the turbojet-powered 707-120, initially powered by JT4A-3 or JT4A-5 turbojets producing 15,800 lb (70.3 kN) each (most eventually got 17,500 lb (78.4 kN) JT4A-11s). The interior allowed up to 189 passengers, the same as the -120 and -220 series, but improved two-class capacity due to an 80-in fuselage stretch ahead of the wing (from 138 ft to 145 ft ), with extensions to the fin and horizontal stabilizer extending the aircraft's length further. The longer wing carried more fuel, increasing range by 1600 mi and allowing the aircraft to operate as true transoceanic aircraft. The wing modifications included outboard and inboard inserts, as well as a kink in the trailing edge to add area inboard. Takeoff weight was increased to 302000 lb initially and to 312000 lb with the higher-rated JT4As and center section tanks. Its first flight was on January 11, 1958; 69 turbojet 707-320s were delivered through January 1963, the first passengers being carried (by Pan Am) in August 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7747032642364502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boeing 707" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Pan Am inaugurated its New York-London route with a Boeing 707 on October 26, 1958.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.25798898935317993, "source": "search", "title": "Air Transportation: The Opening of the Commercial Jet Era" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Of all the airlines in the United States, Pan American, which the U.S. government considered its �chosen instrument� to represent the American commercial air fleet abroad, was undoubtedly a pioneer in embracing jet aviation. Juan Trippe , the airlines' legendary chief executive officer, had early on expressed a keen interest in operating a passenger jet service capable of flying nonstop across the North Atlantic. Having seen the bright promise of the British Comet fade, Trippe played off two of the biggest domestic airplane builders, Boeing and Douglas . Both companies vied to appeal to Pan American's needs and offered the Boeing 707 and DC-8, respectively. In October 1955, Trippe signed contracts with both companies to buy 45 of these jets (20 707s and 25 DC-8s). Exactly two years later, Boeing rolled out the first operational 707, a Boeing 707-120, and on October 26, 1958, amid much fanfare, Pan American inaugurated its New York-London route, ushering in a new era in the history of passenger aviation. On the very first flight, which made a stopover in Newfoundland, there were 111 passengers, the largest number ever to board a single regularly scheduled flight. Coach fares were $272, about the same as one would expect to pay for a piston-engine flight across the Atlantic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.138025760650635, "source": "search", "title": "Air Transportation: The Opening of the Commercial Jet Era" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "At first, BOAC competed hard with Pan American. In fact, in order to preempt the Americans, BOAC had rushed ahead and inaugurated its own transatlantic service on October 4, 1958, just three weeks ahead of Pan American. BOAC used the new De Havilland Comet 4, which incorporated improvements to remedy the problems with the older Comet 1. Although BOAC fared quite well, its success was nothing compared to Pan American's. With its rapidly expanding use of the Boeing 707, especially on the transatlantic route, Pan American began a period of almost unchallenged success in the international airline industry. The airline, for example, was the first to recognize the importance to passengers of nonstop flights on long trips; it negotiated with Boeing for a version of the 707 that could fly for a longer time without refueling, known as the 707-320.This allowed the airline to introduce true intercontinental service with nonstop London-to-New York flights on August 26, 1959. This was a perfect case of a dominant air carrier playing the lead role in defining the characteristics of a new class of jets that the industry would produce. The 707-320 was eventually adopted by as many as eleven other airlines within a year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.2877216041088104, "source": "search", "title": "Air Transportation: The Opening of the Commercial Jet Era" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Whenever Frank Sinatra sang “Come fly with me, let’s fly, let’s fly away,” the image of a Boeing 707, all etched-white vapour trails jetting across some deep blue transcontinental stratosphere, could never be far from mind. This song was from Sinatra’s album of the same name. It was released in January 1958, a month after the epochal, swept-wing jet airliner made its maiden flight. Before the year was out, the sleek 707 was in service with Pan-Am. It was to change the way we fly and see the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.804144859313965, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Culture - Boeing 707: The aircraft that changed the ..." }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Boeing built 1,010 707s for commercial airlines between 1958 and 1978, and a further 800 for the military up until 1991, while Douglas assembled 556 DC-8s between 1958 and 1972. Allen had invested, or, as the media liked to say, gambled, $135m on the 707 programme, or more than the net worth of Boeing at the time. Although 707s were not particularly profitable – there were many variations and the company bent over backwards to please customers – the aircraft’s dominance of intercontinental flight in the 1960s led to profitable future airliners, including the Jumbo, and to a point when three-quarters of all civil airliners were Boeings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8062222003936768, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Culture - Boeing 707: The aircraft that changed the ..." }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "At first, BOAC competed hard with Pan American. In fact, in order to pre-empt the Americans, BOAC had rushed ahead and inaugurated its own transatlantic service on October 4, 1958, just three weeks ahead of Pan American. BOAC used the new De Havilland Comet 4, which incorporated improvements to remedy the problems with the older Comet 1. Although BOAC fared quite well, its success was nothing compared to Pan American's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.117323875427246, "source": "search", "title": "the jet airliner - century of flight" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Pan Am inaugurated its New York-London route with a Boeing 707 on October 26, 1958", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3935829997062683, "source": "search", "title": "the jet airliner - century of flight" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "The F-4 Phantom II fighter saw combat in both the Vietnam War and Operation Desert Storm and has served with the air forces of 11 countries in addition to the United States. Twenty years after its first flight, in 1958, McDonnell Douglas celebrated the delivery of the 5,000th model of the F-4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.462154388427734, "source": "search", "title": "A Century In the Sky - The Atlantic" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Oct. 4, 1958: ‘Comets’ Debut Trans-Atlantic Jet Age | WIRED", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.0181097984313965, "source": "search", "title": "Oct. 4, 1958: ‘Comets’ Debut Trans-Atlantic Jet Age | WIRED" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "Oct. 4, 1958: ‘Comets’ Debut Trans-Atlantic Jet Age", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.099405765533447, "source": "search", "title": "Oct. 4, 1958: ‘Comets’ Debut Trans-Atlantic Jet Age | WIRED" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "1958: Two DeHavilland Comets depart London and New York, each bound for the other city. Flying for the British Overseas Airways Corporation, the two aircraft complete the first trans-Atlantic jet passenger service, dramatically reducing the travel time between the United States and Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9294979572296143, "source": "search", "title": "Oct. 4, 1958: ‘Comets’ Debut Trans-Atlantic Jet Age | WIRED" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "However, Boeing and Douglas began to develop jet airliners of their own, and the competition to increase the range of the speedy new airplanes was heating up. It was clear by 1958 that a trans-Atlantic jet service was on the horizon, and several airlines were preparing to be the first to make the historic flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.3086719512939453, "source": "search", "title": "Oct. 4, 1958: ‘Comets’ Debut Trans-Atlantic Jet Age | WIRED" }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "1958", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.846664428710938, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline of Commercial Aviation | 2011 | Aviation Special ..." }, { "answer": "1958", "passage": "1958", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.846664428710938, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline of Commercial Aviation | 2011 | Aviation Special ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard,; born 31 January 1938) reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 until her abdication in 2013, after a reign of exactly 33 years. She is the eldest daughter of Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Upon her mother's accession in 1948, she became heir presumptive. When her mother abdicated on 30 April 1980, Beatrix succeeded her as queen.", "precise_score": 9.671215057373047, "rough_score": 7.63218355178833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On 5 May 1945, the German troops in the Netherlands surrendered. The family returned to the Netherlands on 2 August 1945. Beatrix went to the progressive primary school De Werkplaats in Bilthoven. Her third sister Princess Christina was born in 1947. On 6 September 1948, her mother Juliana succeeded her grandmother Wilhelmina as Queen of the Netherlands, and Beatrix became the heiress presumptive to the throne of the Netherlands at the age of ten.", "precise_score": 1.8120495080947876, "rough_score": -0.796330988407135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On 31 January 1956 Princess Beatrix celebrated her 18th birthday. From that date, under the Constitution of the Netherlands, she was entitled to assume the Royal Prerogative. At that time, her mother installed her in the Council of State.", "precise_score": -1.5075349807739258, "rough_score": -2.5980384349823, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "An even more violent riot occurred on 30 April 1980, during the investiture (sovereigns of the Netherlands are not crowned as such) of Queen Beatrix. Some people, including socialist squatters, used the occasion to protest against poor housing conditions in the Netherlands and against the monarchy in general, using the also memorable slogan \"Geen woning; geen Kroning\" (No home, no coronation). Violent clashes with the police and security forces took place. The latter event is reflected in contemporary Dutch literature in the books of A.F.Th. van der Heijden.", "precise_score": 4.784146785736084, "rough_score": 5.903223514556885, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "In a broadcast on national media on 28 January 2013 Beatrix announced her intention to abdicate on 30 April (Queen's Day), when she would have been on the throne for exactly 33 years. Beatrix stated that it was time to \"place the responsibility for the country in the hands of a new generation.\" Her heir apparent was her eldest son, Prince Willem-Alexander. She was the third successive Dutch monarch to abdicate, following her grandmother and her mother. The broadcast was followed by a statement from Prime Minister Mark Rutte who paid tribute to Beatrix, saying \"Since her investiture in 1980 she has applied herself heart and soul to Dutch society.\"", "precise_score": 1.7676397562026978, "rough_score": -2.730886459350586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On April 30, 2013 Queen Beatrix, abdicated in favour of Crown Prince Willem-Alexander.", "precise_score": -3.5206339359283447, "rough_score": -4.499089241027832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Juliana reigned from 1948 until 1980, and whereas Wilhelmina reigned like a general, Juliana expressed a more motherly character. One of her first official acts was to sign the treaty of independence of the Dutch colony Indonesia. She became involved in two major crises: the Greet Hofmans affair and the Lockheed bribery scandals, both of which directly threatened the credibility of the throne. She married a German of noble descent, Prince Bernard von Lippe-Biesterfeld. Together they had four daughters, Beatrix, Irene, Margriet and Christina. After their return from Ottawa, Canada in 1945 (where Margriet was born), they lived in the Soestdijk Palace (Paleis Soestdijk) in Soestdijk, about 20 km north-east of Utrecht. She died on 20 March 2004. Her husband Bernhard died on 1 December 2004.", "precise_score": 1.7495787143707275, "rough_score": -2.5558221340179443, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "File:Royal Standard of a Prince of the Netherlands (Sons of Beatrix).svg|Royal Standard of the Princes of the Netherlands (Sons of Queen Beatrix)", "precise_score": -1.6228158473968506, "rough_score": -2.6178085803985596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "File:Royal Monogram of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands.svg|Queen Beatrix ", "precise_score": 0.5244972705841064, "rough_score": -3.93700909614563, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On April 30, 1980, her 70th birthday, Queen Juliana followed her mother's example and abdicated in favor of her eldest daughter, who became Queen Beatrix. Juliana remained active in numerous charitable causes until well into her eighties, but by the 1990's she was beginning to show signs of dementia and her public appearances became less and less frequent. On May 30, 1998, Princess Juliana appeared in public for the last time, at the wedding of her grandson Prince Maurits to Maril�ne van den Broek. In a letter dated February 23, 1999, Princess Juliana revealed that she was no longer able to accept official invitations because of her old age. Afterwards, only a few photos of her were published, mainly by gossip magazines. In 2001, in an interview on the occasion of his 90th birthday, Prince Bernhard revealed that after a fall in which she broke her hip his wife's memory had become worse and that the last time she had been really well had been at the vacation they spent with their children and grandchildren in Africa on the occasion of their 60th wedding anniversary in 1997. Juliana died in her sleep on March 20, 2004, at Soestdijk Palace in Baarn from complications of pneumonia.", "precise_score": 1.6446261405944824, "rough_score": -1.4201531410217285, "source": "search", "title": "Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1948-1980" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On April 30, Princess Maxima Zorreguieta will be the first Argentinian to become a queen. The 75-year-old Beatrix of the Netherlands will publicly sign her abdication and pass the throne to her eldest son Willem-Alexander, husband of Maxima and father of her three daughters. The anticipation in the European country grows by the hour and “Maximamania” has just burst! The subjects residing in the country of tulips and bicycles just adore the spontaneous, bubbly blonde Princess who has won their hearts.", "precise_score": 3.8778748512268066, "rough_score": -3.3889687061309814, "source": "search", "title": "The Argentine Queen Of Holland - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "¡Hola! magazine reports that Prince Willem will wear a tuxedo with a white vest. A simple and elegant outfit that will contrast with the spectacular royal mantle of ermine fur he will be adorned with, the same one his mother, Queen Beatrix, wore at her coronation in 1980.", "precise_score": 0.2142709195613861, "rough_score": 3.9566173553466797, "source": "search", "title": "The Argentine Queen Of Holland - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands has begun his reign by paying tribute to his mother Princess Beatrix who abdicated in his favour after 33 years as Queen.", "precise_score": 2.929771900177002, "rough_score": -2.256171941757202, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "A general view of celebrations for the inauguration of King Willem Alexander of the Netherlands as Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands abdicates on April 30, 2013 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.", "precise_score": 1.3940317630767822, "rough_score": -2.195721387863159, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "AMSTERDAM — To the cheers of tens of thousands of people crammed shoulder to shoulder outside the royal palace here, Willem-Alexander of the House of Orange-Nassau became the Netherlands ’ first king in 123 years on Tuesday as his mother, Queen Beatrix , ended a 33-year reign with the stroke of a pen, signing the act of abdication in an ornate chamber at the palace.", "precise_score": 3.6775529384613037, "rough_score": 3.215566396713257, "source": "search", "title": "Willem-Alexander Is New King of Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Seated on a gilded chair and flanked by the Dutch cabinet, Beatrix, 75, became the third successive Dutch queen to abdicate, changing her title to princess as supporters celebrating the continuity of the monarchy thronged Dam Square outside the palace. Many had gathered for hours, clad in orange, the royal color, to watch the brief, long-planned and relatively low-key event on large television screens.", "precise_score": 3.032186508178711, "rough_score": -2.538313150405884, "source": "search", "title": "Willem-Alexander Is New King of Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Willem-Alexander of the House of Orange-Nassau became the Netherlands’ first king in 123 years on Tuesday as his mother, Queen Beatrix, ended a 33-year reign.", "precise_score": 3.81744647026062, "rough_score": 5.344541072845459, "source": "search", "title": "Willem-Alexander Is New King of Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem-Alexander - CNN.com", "precise_score": -4.3372063636779785, "rough_score": -5.030774116516113, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem-Alexander", "precise_score": -2.7597341537475586, "rough_score": -4.199376106262207, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Queen Beatrix spent 33 years on the throne and will be succeeded by her son, the Prince of Orange, Prince Willem-Alexander.", "precise_score": -2.1942825317382812, "rough_score": -3.669851779937744, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – Beatrix is pictured in 1979 at Drakensteyn Castle, the year before she became queen.", "precise_score": 4.6692585945129395, "rough_score": 6.967936992645264, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "When the future Dutch Queen Beatrix and her family returned to the Netherlands after their Second World War sojourn in Ottawa, the young princess discovered mealtimes just weren't what she was used to. For one thing, there was no ice cream.", "precise_score": -0.009229459799826145, "rough_score": -5.097287178039551, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Juliana was queen from 1948 until 1980 when she abdicated, on her 71st birthday, passing the throne to Beatrix. That throne will now be handed to her son on Tuesday, giving the Netherlands its first king in more than a century.", "precise_score": 6.522715091705322, "rough_score": 7.077136516571045, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix will be the third Dutch queen in succession to abdicate, following her grandmother and mother, in 1948 and 1980 respectively.", "precise_score": 5.174637794494629, "rough_score": 4.442822456359863, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Queen Beatrix, centre, Crown Prince Willem-Alexander and his wife, Princess Maxima, pose for photographers in Amsterdam on April 10, 2013. (Peter Dejong/Associated Press)", "precise_score": -2.347980499267578, "rough_score": -4.402016639709473, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Princess Maxima became queen today in an inauguration that gave the Dutch people a new monarch. After 33 years on the throne, Queen Beatrix has abdicated , effectively assuming the title of princess and ceding the top slot to her 46-year-old son, King Willem-Alexander (Maxima's husband). The new king and queen's eldest daughter, Catharina-Amalia, became Princess of Orange and first in line to the throne.", "precise_score": 5.347479343414307, "rough_score": -0.36777278780937195, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Maxima Charms Nation After Husband King Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix attended a public primary school in Canada during World War II, and then finished her primary and secondary education in the Netherlands in the post war period. In 1961, she received her law degree from Leiden University. In 1966, Beatrix married Claus von Amsberg, a German diplomat, with whom she had three children: Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands (b. 1967), Prince Friso (1968-2013) and Prince Constantijn (b. 1969). Prince Claus died in 2002. At the time of her abdication, Beatrix was the oldest reigning monarch of the Netherlands. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.1405863761901855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix's reign saw the country's Caribbean possessions reshaped with Aruba's secession and becoming its own constituent country within the Kingdom in 1986 as well as the subsequent Antillean Dissolution in 2010, which created the new special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba, and the two new constituent countries of Curaçao and Sint Maarten.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.828397750854492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On Koninginnedag (Queen's Day), 30 April 2013, Beatrix abdicated in favour of her eldest son, Willem-Alexander, and resumed the title of princess. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.366868019104004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix was born Princess Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, on 31 January 1938 at the Soestdijk Palace in Baarn, Netherlands. She is the first child of Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and German aristocrat Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Beatrix was baptized on 12 May 1938 in the Great Church in The Hague. Her five godparents were King Leopold III of the Belgians; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone; Elisabeth, Princess of Erbach-Schönberg; Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg; and Countess Allene de Kotzebue. Beatrix's middle names are the first names of her maternal grandmother, the then reigning Queen Wilhelmina, and her paternal grandmother, Armgard of Sierstorpff-Cramm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1265974044799805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "When Beatrix was one year old, in 1939, her younger sister Princess Irene was born.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.891081809997559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "World War II broke out in the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 (Westfeldzug). On 13 May, the Dutch Royal Family evacuated to London, United Kingdom. One month later, Beatrix went to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, with her mother Juliana and her sister Irene, while her father Bernhard and maternal grandmother Queen Wilhelmina remained in London. The family lived at the Stornoway residence (now the residence of the Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of Canada). With bodyguards and ladies in waiting, the family summered at Bigwin Inn on Lake of Bays, Ontario where four private stone cottages of the resort served as their retreat. While on Bigwin Island, the constitution of the Netherlands was stored in the cast iron safe of Bigwin Inn's Rotunda building. Princess Juliana and her Family were remembered for their \"down to earth\" friendliness, general gratefulness and great reverence for their homeland and people, to whom they paid homage by refraining from all luxuries offered to guests at the resort that was once billed as the largest and most luxurious summer resort in Canada. In order to provide them with a greater sense of security, culinary chefs and staff catered to personal orders at meal time. Upon their departure, the hotel musicians of the Bigwin Inn Orchestra assembled dockside; and at every public performance afterward through to the end of World War II, the Wilhelmus was played. In the years following the shuttering and neglect of the island resort, the \"Juliana\" cottages were well maintained and preserved in an informal tribute to Princess Juliana and her family. In thanks for the protection of her and her daughters, Princess Juliana established the custom of the delivery to the Canadian government every spring of tulips, which are the centrepiece of the Canadian Tulip Festival.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.692230701446533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The second sister of Beatrix, Princess Margriet, was born in Ottawa in 1943. During their exile in Canada, Beatrix attended nursery and Rockcliffe Park Public School, a primary school where she was known as \"Trixie Orange\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.977221488952637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "In April 1950, Princess Beatrix entered the Incrementum, a part of Baarnsch Lyceum, where, in 1956, she passed her school-graduation examinations in the subjects of arts and classics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.993685722351074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "In 1954, Princess Beatrix served as bridesmaid at the wedding of Baroness van Randwijck and Mr T Boey. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.744773864746094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Her appearance on the political scene was almost immediately marked by controversy. In 1965, Princess Beatrix became engaged to the German aristocrat Claus von Amsberg, a diplomat working for the German Foreign Office. Their marriage caused a massive protest during the wedding day in Amsterdam on 10 March 1966. Prince Claus had served in the Hitler Youth and the Wehrmacht and was, therefore, associated by a part of the Dutch population with German Nazism. Protests included such memorable slogans as \"Claus 'raus!\" (Claus out!) and \"Mijn fiets terug\" (\"Return my bicycle\" – a reference to occupying German soldiers confiscating Dutch bicycles during WWII). A smoke bomb was thrown at the Golden Coach by a group of Provos causing a violent street battle with the police. As time went on, however, Prince Claus became one of the most popular members of the Dutch monarchy and his 2002 death was widely mourned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2326765060424805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On 25 November 1975, Beatrix and Prince Claus attended in representation of her mother, the Queen, the independence ceremony of Suriname, held in the new nation's capital, Paramaribo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.597991466522217, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "As monarch, Beatrix had weekly meetings with the prime minister. She signed all new Acts of Parliament and royal decrees, and until a constitutional change late in her reign, appointed the public servant who assisted in brokering the formation of new governments. At the state opening of parliament each September, she delivered the Speech from the Throne, in which the government announces its plans for the coming parliamentary year. As Queen, she was president of the Council of State. Her role was largely ceremonial and as a focus of national unity; she did not make legislative or executive decisions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988362312316895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix is a member of the Bilderberg Group, a secretive, invitation-only annual conference co-founded by her father which first met in Hotel de Bilderberg in Oosterbeek.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.427037239074707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On 28 June 1965, the engagement of Princess Beatrix to the German diplomat Claus von Amsberg was announced. Claus and Beatrix had met at the wedding-eve party of Princess Tatjana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse, in summer 1964. (In fact they had already met once before, on New Year's Eve 1962 in Bad Driburg at a dinner hosted by the count von Oeynhausen-Sierstorpff who was a distant relative of both of them.) Following the consent of Parliament to the marriage, Claus von Amsberg became a Dutch citizen, and upon his marriage became Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.916349411010742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Princess Beatrix married Claus von Amsberg on 10 March 1966 in civil and religious ceremonies. The bride wore a traditional gown with train in duchesse silk satin, designed by Caroline Bergé-Farwick of Maison Linette, in Den Bosch, and the Württemberg Ornate Pearl Tiara. The senior bridesmaids were the bride’s youngest sister, Princess Christina of the Netherlands; Princess Christina of Sweden, Lady Elisabeth Anson, Joanna Roëll, Eugénie Loudon and the bridegroom’s sister, Christina von Amsberg. The junior bridesmaids were Daphne Stewart Clark and Carolijn Alting von Geusau, with page boys Joachim Jencquel and Markus von Oeynhausen-Sierstorpff. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.05086898803711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus have three sons:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.102853775024414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The royal couple lived at Drakensteyn Castle in Lage Vuursche with their children until Beatrix ascended the throne. In 1981, they moved into Huis ten Bosch Palace in The Hague.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.359399318695068, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On 30 April 1980, Beatrix became the monarch when her mother abdicated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.786966323852539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "By longstanding convention, Beatrix had to sign every piece of legislation before it becomes law. As Queen, her main tasks were to represent the Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figurehead at home. She received foreign ambassadors and awarded honours and medals. She performed the latter task by accepting invitations to open exhibitions, attending anniversaries, inaugurating bridges, etc. Beatrix was rarely quoted directly in the press during her reign since the government information service (Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst) made it a condition of interviews that she may not be quoted. This policy was introduced shortly after her inauguration, reportedly to protect her from political complications that may arise from \"off-the-cuff\" remarks. It did not apply to her son Prince Willem-Alexander.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.700803756713867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Throughout much of her reign Beatrix had a considerable role in the cabinet formation process; notably she appointed the informateur, the person who leads the negotiations that ultimately lead to the formation of a government. However, this was changed in 2012, and now the largest party in the States General appoints a \"scout\" who then appoints an informateur.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.498614311218262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On 8 February 2005, Queen Beatrix received a rare honorary doctorate from Leiden University, an honour the Queen does not usually accept. In her acceptance speech she reflected on the monarchy and her own 25 years as Queen. The speech was broadcast live. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.099541664123535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On 31 May 2006 the 6th Polish Air Assault Brigade would receive the Militaire Willemsorde der 4e klasse in The Hague. Queen Beatrix was to tie the prestigious medal to the standard of the incumbents of the 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.87354850769043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "On 30 April 2009, the Queen and other members of the royal family were targeted in a car attack by a man named Karst Tates. Tates crashed his car into a parade in Apeldoorn, narrowly missing a bus carrying the Queen. Five people were killed instantly and two victims and the assailant Tates died later. Other victims of the crash were critically hurt. One week after the attack another victim succumbed to the injuries he had sustained. The royal party were unharmed, but the Queen and members of her family saw the crash at close range. Within hours, Queen Beatrix made a rare televised address to express her shock and condolences. The man reportedly told police he was deliberately targeting the royal family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.499551773071289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Princess Beatrix continues to undertake some royal duties and is patron of many organisations. She now lives in the small moated Drakensteyn Castle near the village of Lage Vuursche.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.984127044677734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Queen Beatrix has given her name to a number of facilities in the Netherlands and beyond. These include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.48265266418457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Streekziekenhuis Koningin Beatrix, regional hospital in Beatrixpark, Winterswijk. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466692924499512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "*Queen Beatrix International Airport in Aruba.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.445263862609863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Reina Beatrix School in Aruba. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49870777130127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Queen Beatrix Hospital Medical Center, Sint Eustatius. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.601305961608887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Queen Beatrix Chair in Dutch Studies at UC Berkeley ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.02819538116455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Queen Beatrix Nursing Home, Albion Park Rail, NSW, Australia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.663968086242676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Beatrixpark in the Oud-Zuid neighbourhood in Amsterdam.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.193450927734375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Beatrixpark in Almere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450211524963379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Beatrixpark in 's-Hertogenbosch. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398674011230469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Beatrixpark in Utrecht. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.312302589416504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "* Beatrixpark in Schiedam.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.460127830505371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Princess Beatrix has held titles throughout her life, as a granddaughter or daughter of a monarch, and eventually as the Sovereign. Queen Beatrix's official title was Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, etc., etc., etc.[http://www.parlement.com/9353000/1f/j9vvhy5i95k8zxl/vg09llxoh0r1 H.M. (koningin Beatrix) Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard] (Parlement.nl) The triple 'etc.' refers to the monarch's many dormant titles. She signed official documents with only \"Beatrix\". In common parlance she was referred to as The Queen (de koningin or de vorstin) or Her Majesty (Hare Majesteit). But when in conversation with the queen the practice was to initially address her as \"Your Majesty\" or in Dutch as \"Uwe Majesteit\" and thereafter as \"Mevrouw\" (ma'am).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.975822925567627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix has received honours and awards from countries around the world, both during her life as a princess and as a monarch. In her capacity as the Sovereign she was Grand Master of the Military Order of William (Militaire Willemsorde) and the other Dutch orders of merit. She is a Stranger Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter and the 1,187th Dame of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain, and she has received numerous other medals and decorations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.969178676605225, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "From birth till her inauguration as queen she had the following name and titles, to which she reverted after her abdication: Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.056576251983643, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The monarchy of the Netherlands passes by right of succession to the heirs of William I. Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands Article 24 (Dutch edition of WikiSource) The heir is determined through two mechanisms: absolute cognatic primogeniture and proximity of blood. The Netherlands established absolute cognatic primogeniture instead of male preference primogeniture by law in 1983. Proximity of blood limits accession to the throne to a person who is related to the current monarch within three degrees of kinship. For example, the grandchildren of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands (sister of Princess Beatrix), have no succession rights because their kinship with Beatrix when she was queen was of the fourth degree (that is, Princess Beatrix is their parent's parent's parents' daughter). Also, succession is limited to legitimate heirs, precluding a claim to the throne by children born out of wedlock. Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands Article 25 (Dutch edition of WikiSource) A special case arises if the king dies while his wife is pregnant: the unborn child is considered the heir at that point, unless stillborn — the child is then considered never to have existed. So, if the old king dies while his wife is pregnant with their first child, the unborn child is immediately considered born and immediately becomes the new king. If the pregnancy ends in stillbirth, his or her reign is expunged (otherwise the existence of the stillborn king would add a degree of separation for other family members to the throne and might suddenly exclude the next person in line for the throne). Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands Article 26 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.214127540588379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": ";Abdication: The monarch willingly steps down. (William I, Wilhelmina, Juliana, Beatrix)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.127662658691406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Even though the monarch never speaks with members of the States-General formally, it was tradition up to 1999 that the queen would invite the members of parliament over once a year for informal talks about the general state of affairs in the country. These conversations were held in the strictest confidence due to ministerial responsibility. The tradition was suspended after 1999 though, after repeated incidents in which MPs divulged the contents of the conversations, despite agreeing not to (and embarrassing the Prime Minister in doing so). In 2009, an attempt was made to resume the tradition, but this failed when Arend Jan Boekestijn resumed the tradition of revealing the contents of his conversation with queen Beatrix anyway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.694799423217773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Lastly, the monarch plays a very large but completely unofficial role in the running of the country as advisor and confidant to the government. This duty traditionally takes the form of a weekly meeting between the Prime Minister and the monarch in which they discuss the affairs of the week, the plans of the cabinet and so on. It is assumed that the monarch exerts most of his influence (as such) in these meetings, in that he can bring his knowledge and experience to bear in what he tells the Prime Minister. In the case of Queen Beatrix, several former Prime Ministers have remarked that her case knowledge of each and every dossier is extensive and that she makes sure to be fully aware of all the details surrounding everything that lands on her desk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.111879348754883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Under current Dutch law the monarch receives an annual stipend which is part of the annual budget, as do the heir-apparent, the consort of the monarch and the consort of the heir-apparent. [http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002845/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010 Wet financieel statuut van het Koninklijk Huis] Law on the financial statute of the royal house The monarch receives this stipend constitutionally, the others because they are not allowed to work for anybody due to their positions. For example, the recipients of royal stipends in 2009 were Queen Beatrix (€813,000), Prince Willem-Alexander (the heir-apparent; €241,000) and Princess Máxima (wife of Prince Willem-Alexander; €241,000)).[http://www.rijksbegroting.nl/2009/voorbereiding/begroting,kst119595b.html Vaststelling begroting Huis der Koningin (I) voor het jaar 2009 31700 I 2 Memorie van toelichting] Argumentation for the law setting the royal house budget for the year 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.425908088684082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Many members of the royal family do hold (or have held) significant positions within civil society, usually functioning as head or spokesperson of one or more charitable organizations, patron of the arts and similar endeavors. Some members of the royal family are also (or have been) avid supporters of some personal cause; Prince Bernhard for instance was always passionate about the treatment of World War II veterans and Princess Margriet (who was born in Canada) has a special relationship with Canadian veterans specifically. As a rule of thumb, the members of the royal family who are contemporaries of Princess Beatrix tend to hold civil society positions as a primary occupation whereas younger family members hold these positions in conjunction with a regular, paying job. A notable exception to this rule is Pieter van Vollenhoven (husband to Princess Margriet), who was chairman of the Dutch Safety Board until his retirement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74467658996582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "*Prince Consort Claus (husband of Beatrix, died in 2002);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.943177223205566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "*Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau (second son of Beatrix, died in 2013);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08015251159668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Following Wilhelmina's abdication in 1948, the Orange family seems to have settled for a position of unofficial influence behind the scenes coupled with a role as \"popular monarchs\" in public. As such the monarchs are practically never seen in public doing their official work (except news footage of state visits and the reading of the government plans on Prinsjesdag) and instead their relationship with the public has become more of a popular and romanticized notion of royalty. Queens Juliana and Beatrix were popularly perceived to have a figurehead role, serving to some extent as \"mother of the nation\" in times of crises and disasters (such as the 1953 floods). In addition, there is a public holiday called Koningsdag (before 2014: Koninginnedag), during which the royal family pays a visit somewhere in the country and participates in local activities and traditions in order to get closer to the people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.360329627990723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Popular support waned for a time in the early 1980s, during the start of Queen Beatrix' reign. She adopted a style of government more like that of Queen Wilhelmina and was perceived as cold and distant in a country used to Queen Juliana being everybody's grandmother. Over time the country has got used to her style though and acceptance has grown. This was also aided by the public image of Prince Claus, who came to be perceived as charming and funny during her reign. Particularly his public love declaration for Beatrix a few years before the end of his life endeared him to many people. Popular support for the monarchy (which was only measured regularly since Beatrix' reign) has consistently been above 85% since the mid-1990s and reached a peak with the marriage of Prince Willem-Alexander to Princess Máxima in 2002.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.708672523498535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": " from: 1980.3 till: 2013.4 color:orange text:~Beatrix", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.659808158874512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix (1980–2013)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.967533111572266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family today is much larger than it has ever been. Former Queen Beatrix and her husband, Prince Claus, had three sons, Willem-Alexander (married to Queen Máxima), Friso (whose widow is Princess Mabel) and Constantijn (married to Princess Laurentien). Her sister Margriet and her spouse Pieter van Vollenhoven have four sons: Maurits, Bernhard, Pieter-Christiaan and Floris. Four of these seven princes as well as princess Margriet, are all (potentially) legal heirs to the throne, although the first right goes to the crown prince, and after him his daughters Catharina-Amalia, Alexia, Ariane, and then his brother Constantijn. Prince Friso lost his right to the throne because no approval was asked for his marriage to Mabel Wisse Smit to the States-General. The two other sisters of Beatrix, Irene and Christina, have lost their rights to the throne because their marriages were not approved by the States-General. They both married Roman Catholics and Irene herself converted to Roman Catholicism, which at that time (the 1960s) was still politically problematic for an heir to the throne. An additional complication which the government wanted to avoid, was that Irene's husband, Prince Carlos-Hugo of Bourbon-Parma (whom she later divorced), was a member of a deposed Italian dynasty who claimed rights to the Spanish throne. Traditionally, Dutch monarchs have always been members of the Dutch Reformed Church although this was never constitutionally required. This tradition is embedded in the history of the Netherlands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.59929084777832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "His mother, Princess Beatrix announced that she would be abdicating the Throne on 30 April 2013. On that day, Willem-Alexander became the new King and was sworn in and inaugurated in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam, in a session of the States-General.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.866739749908447, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Most members of the Dutch royal family, in addition to other titles hold (or held) the princely title Prince of Orange-Nassau. The children of Prince Friso and Prince Constantijn are instead counts and countesses of Orange-Nassau. In addition to the titles King/Prince of the Netherlands and Prince of Orange-Nassau, daughters of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld hold another princely title - Princesses of Lippe-Biesterfeld. The children of Queen Beatrix and their male-line descendants, except for the children of King Willem-Alexander, also carry the appellative Honourable (Jonkheer/Jonkvrouw) in combination with the name 'Van Amsberg'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.775825500488281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "*HRH Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands (the king's mother and predecessor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.004040718078613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "*Descendants of Princess Beatrix", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313545227050781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "*The standards of the current sons of Princess Beatrix and their wives, and the Princess' husband:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.067102432250977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "*The standards of the sisters of Princess Beatrix and their children:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23346996307373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The controversy surrounding Irene's marriage had barely subsided when, in July 1965, the royal family announced the engagement of Princess Beatrix to Claus von Amsberg, a German diplomat who had been a member of the Nazi Wehrmacht and the Hitler Youth movement. This announcement led to demonstrations and rallies, and many Dutch began to question the value of having a monarchy. After attempting to have the marriage cancelled, Queen Juliana acquiesced and the marriage took place under a continued storm of protest. Despite the controversy, the people once again decided to forgive their Queen. The public's opinion of Princess Beatrix finally changed for the better in 1967, when she gave birth to Willem-Alexander, the first male heir to the throne in 116 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.6952056884765625, "source": "search", "title": "Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1948-1980" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Visibly moved, Princess Beatrix turned to her granddaughters, including the new heir to the throne, smothering her tears in family laughter over a private joke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.077832221984863, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "\"Today I make way for a new generation,\" said Queen Beatrix.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.49454116821289, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Before signing the state documents of the \"act of abdication\" inside the royal palace in Amsterdam, Queen Beatrix smiled, winked and took her son's hand, giving it a gentle squeeze in front of the cameras.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.31093978881836, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "\"I Queen Beatrix abdicate in favour of my son Willem-Alexander,\" said the legal act.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.829409599304199, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "At that moment, as Queen Beatrix gave away her throne, a crowd of tens of thousands of Dutch people gathered on Dam Square burst into emotional applause, shouting \"Thank you Bea\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.167470932006836, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "To rapturous applause at 10.30 am, Princess Beatrix appeared on the palace balcony with King Willem-Alexander and his wife, Queen Maxima.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.500040531158447, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "To more cheers, King Willem Alexander then turned to his mother Princess Beatrix. \"Dear mother. You have given the kingdom 33 moving and inspired years, which we are intensely grateful for,\" he said. Facing back to the crowds, he shouted \"Thank you\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.74365520477295, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "As the crowd shouted \"long live the king\", Princess Beatrix told her son, \"maybe you should wave a bit\" before fetching her granddaughters to the balcony for the national anthem.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2931489944458, "source": "search", "title": "Dutch crowning: King Willem-Alexander becomes Europe's ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Willem-Alexander, the new king of the Netherlands, received a kiss from his mother, Beatrix, who abdicated on Tuesday. His wife, Maxima, looked on. Credit Jeroen Van Der Meyde/Dutch Royal House", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9666972160339355, "source": "search", "title": "Willem-Alexander Is New King of Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands, front, in hat, who abdicated the throne in favor of her son, Willem-Alexander, with her granddaughters during his investiture ceremony.  Credit Michael Kooren/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.980234622955322, "source": "search", "title": "Willem-Alexander Is New King of Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix announced in January that she would step down to make way for a younger generation. After signing the formal declaration of abdication shortly after 10 a.m., Beatrix, the new king and his Argentine-born wife emerged onto a flower-bedecked balcony to cheers from the crowd. Church bells rang out across the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474038124084473, "source": "search", "title": "Willem-Alexander Is New King of Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "“Some moments ago I abdicated from the throne,” Beatrix said, seeming to struggle with tears. “I am happy and thankful to present to you your new king.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490362167358398, "source": "search", "title": "Willem-Alexander Is New King of Netherlands" }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Queen Beatrix to give up Dutch throne 01:17", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.53244161605835, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Queen Beatrix will end 33 years on the Dutch throne on April 30", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3218607902526855, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "She ascended to the throne when Queen Juliana abdicated on her 71st birthday, on April 30, 1980. Beatrix announced Monday that she will step aside on April 30 .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.400758743286133, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix was born January 31, 1938, and when World War II reached Holland the family fled to London. Juliana, Beatrix and her sister Irene then moved to Ottawa, Canada.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.987737655639648, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix married German diplomat Claus von Amsberg on March 10, 1966, in Amsterdam. They have three sons, Willem-Alexander, born in 1967, Friso, born in 1968, and Constantijn, born in 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.953057289123535, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – Newly wed Beatrix and Prince Claus in Amsterdam on March 10, 1966. Prince Claus died aged 76 on October 6, 2002 at a hospital in Amsterdam.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.200535297393799, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – Beatrix, Friso and Mabel pose at the Palace Huis ten Bosch with the couple's new baby, countess Luana, on April 24, 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.663128852844238, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – Beatrix walks with Prince Johan Friso's wife Princess Mabel as they arrive on February 24, 2012, at the University Hospital in Innsbruck, to visit Prince Johan Friso, who was seriously injured in an avalanche while skiing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.115092277526855, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – Willem-Alexander, Maxima, Beatrix, Alexia, Amalia and Ariane appear at the annual winter photocall on February 18, 2013 in Lech, Austria.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3607635498046875, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – Queen Beatrix attends the 50th anniversary celebrations of the European School, Bergen on March 12, 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.191493034362793, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – Willem-Alexander, Beatrix and Maxima arrive for the 125th anniversary of the Concertgebouw concert hall and orchestra in Amsterdam on April 10, 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.28812026977539, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – A crown is hung in the center of Amsterdam on April 23, 2013 ahead of Beatrix's abdication.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.172515869140625, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – An employee removes a portrait of Beatrix in a Rotterdam courtroom on April 26, ahead of her abdication.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.867568969726562, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "The Dutch royal family in photos – An aerial view shows Drakensteyn Castle and its 20-hectare (49 acre) grounds, where Beatrix will live after her abdication. Beatrix bought the castle in 1959 and moved in four years later, continuing to live there after marrying her husband Prince Claus in 1966.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.527225494384766, "source": "search", "title": "Orange succession: Queen Beatrix to Prince Willem ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Queen Beatrix abdicates Tuesday in favour of her son, Willem-Alexander", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.102702617645264, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Dutch Princess Juliana holds Princess Margriet in March 1943 in Ottawa, flanked by her daughters Princess Irene, left, Princess Beatrix, and her husband, Prince Bernhard. (Associated Press)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.032248497009277, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "It was also a period that ultimately forged close ties between Canada and a country that will see its queen — that same Beatrix — abdicate in favour of her son, Crown Prince Willem-Alexander, tomorrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.780304908752441, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "\"There's a long-standing relationship between Canada and the house of Orange-Nassau,\" says Harris, who notes that Princess Margriet, Queen Beatrix's younger sister, is a \"real link between the Netherlands and Canada.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.565402030944824, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix came to Ottawa in 1940 with her mother, Crown Princess Juliana, and her sister Irene. Her sister Margriet was born in 1943 in Ottawa Civic Hospital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.773553848266602, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "For Beatrix and her sisters, the time in Canada — much of it spent in Stornoway, now the residence of the leader of the Official Opposition — was a chance, relatively speaking, to live a normal life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308085441589355, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix went to elementary school in Rockcliffe Park.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.553506851196289, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Trixi", "passage": "\"One of my friends … was in her class and remembers that she was known as Trixie Orange,\" says Michiel Horn, a professor emeritus of history at Toronto's York University, who was born in the Netherlands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.361692428588867, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Degroot says Beatrix \"seemed like a mother for the country,\" but considers that Willhem-Alexander will bring \"a new vision to the country. He should be good.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469449043273926, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Horn considers that Beatrix's reign was \"competent and quite normal,\" without the kind of controversy that erupted over her mother Juliana's involvement with a faith healer in the mid-1950s as she sought a cure for her daughter Christina's eye problems.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32081413269043, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Beatrix \"is widely loved even with people who have misgivings about the monarchy as an instiution,\" says Horn. \"Beatrix, in so far as I am able to judge, has been a perfect constitutional monarch.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.471864700317383, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "From Horn's perspective, Beatrix's departure from the throne is more of a retirement, and it's a move he sees holding much virtue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.453094482421875, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "Sandra Terpstra, left, and Linda Clewits pose with trays of cakes made for Queen's Day, a national holiday and the day of the abdication of Queen Beatrix and the crowning of the new king, at a pastry shop in Amsterdam on April 23, 2013. (Peter Dejong/Associated Press)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3683271408081055, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "\"Hopefully the proceedings will be more peaceful than they were when Beatrix came to the throne and there was some rioting in Amsterdam about the lack of affordable housing,\" says Harris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408294677734375, "source": "search", "title": "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl ..." }, { "answer": "Beatrix", "passage": "\"She is exotic, she has passion and sparkle and flamboyance and she doesn't try to be distant like Beatrix,\" Dutch historian Han van Bree told BBC . \"We love her for that; people can feel the authenticity.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.266592025756836, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Maxima Charms Nation After Husband King Willem ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "2", "passage": "Billboard is an entertainment media brand owned by The Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group. It publishes news, video, opinion, reviews, events and style. It is known for music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular songs and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows.", "precise_score": -10.316235542297363, "rough_score": -8.729769706726074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Billboard publishes a news website and weekly magazine that cover music, video and home entertainment. Most of the paper's stories are written by staff writers, while some are written by industry experts. It covers news, gossip, opinion, and music reviews, but its \"most enduring and influential creation\" is the Billboard charts. The charts track music sales, radio airtime and other data about the most popular songs and albums. The Billboard Hot 100 chart of the top-selling songs was introduced in 1955. Since then, the Billboard 200, which tracks the top-selling albums, has become more popular as an indicator of commercial success. Billboard has also published books in collaboration with Watson-Guptill and a radio and television series called American Top Forty, based on Billboard charts. A daily Billboard Bulletin was introduced in February 1997 and Billboard hosts about 20 industry events each year.", "precise_score": -9.848228454589844, "rough_score": -9.085659980773926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Billboard is considered one of the most reputable sources of music industry news. It has a print circulation of 17,000 and an online readership of 1.2 million unique monthly views. The website includes the Billboard Charts, news separated by music genre, videos, and a separate website. It also compiles lists, hosts a fashion website called Pret-a-Reporter, and publishes eight different newsletters. The print magazine's regular sections include:", "precise_score": -8.585898399353027, "rough_score": -8.303606986999512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, most notably Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962. They acquired the nickname \"the Fab Four\" as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, and by early 1964 became international stars, leading the \"British Invasion\" of the United States pop market. From 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the widely influential albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966), Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), The Beatles (commonly known as the White Album, 1968) and Abbey Road (1969).", "precise_score": -6.891028881072998, "rough_score": -6.677365779876709, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "After their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the surviving members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001.", "precise_score": -6.507885456085205, "rough_score": -8.859299659729004, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "According to the RIAA, the Beatles are the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazine's list of the all-time most successful \"Hot 100\" artists; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty. They have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. Collectively included in Time magazine's compilation of the twentieth century's 100 most influential people, they are the best-selling band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015.", "precise_score": -4.950989723205566, "rough_score": -7.323166847229004, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "During the next two years, the Beatles were resident for periods in Hamburg, where they used Preludin both recreationally and to maintain their energy through all-night performances. In 1961, during their second Hamburg engagement, Kirchherr cut Sutcliffe's hair in the \"exi\" (existentialist) style, later adopted by the other Beatles. When Sutcliffe decided to leave the band early that year and resume his art studies in Germany, McCartney took up the bass. Producer Bert Kaempfert contracted what was now a four-piece group through June 1962, and he used them as Tony Sheridan's backing band on a series of recordings for Polydor Records. As part of the sessions, the Beatles were signed to Polydor for one year. Credited to \"Tony Sheridan & the Beat Brothers\", the single \"My Bonnie\", recorded in June 1961 and released four months later, reached number 32 on the Musikmarkt chart.", "precise_score": -9.370323181152344, "rough_score": -8.62497615814209, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Martin's first recording session with the Beatles took place at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London on 6 June 1962. Martin immediately complained to Epstein about Best's poor drumming and suggested they use a session drummer in his place. Already contemplating Best's dismissal, the Beatles replaced him in mid-August with Ringo Starr, who left Rory Storm and the Hurricanes to join them. A 4 September session at EMI yielded a recording of \"Love Me Do\" featuring Starr on drums, but a dissatisfied Martin hired drummer Andy White for the band's third session a week later, which produced recordings of \"Love Me Do\", \"Please Please Me\" and \"P.S. I Love You\". Martin initially selected the Starr version of \"Love Me Do\" for the band's first single, though subsequent re-pressings featured the White version, with Starr on tambourine. Released in early October, \"Love Me Do\" peaked at number seventeen on the Record Retailer chart. Their television debut came later that month with a live performance on the regional news programme People and Places. After Martin suggested rerecording \"Please Please Me\" at a faster tempo, a studio session in late November yielded that recording, of which Martin accurately predicted, \"You've just made your first No.1.\"", "precise_score": -5.410552024841309, "rough_score": -4.859019756317139, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In December 1962, the Beatles concluded their fifth and final Hamburg residency. By 1963, they had agreed that all four band members would contribute vocals to their albums – including Starr, despite his restricted vocal range, to validate his standing in the group. Lennon and McCartney had established a songwriting partnership, and as the band's success grew, their dominant collaboration limited Harrison's opportunities as a lead vocalist. Epstein, in an effort to maximise the Beatles' commercial potential, encouraged them to adopt a professional approach to performing. Lennon recalled him saying, \"Look, if you really want to get in these bigger places, you're going to have to change – stop eating on stage, stop swearing, stop smoking ...\" Lennon said: \"We used to dress how we liked, on and off stage. He'd tell us that jeans were not particularly smart and could we possibly manage to wear proper trousers, but he didn't want us suddenly looking square. He'd let us have our own sense of individuality.\"", "precise_score": -5.809911251068115, "rough_score": -7.375712871551514, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Please Please Me maintained the top position on the Record Retailer chart for 30 weeks, only to be displaced by its follow-up, With the Beatles. On 22 November EMI released With the Beatles to record advance orders of 270,000 copies, and the LP topped a half-million albums sold in one week. Recorded between July and October, With the Beatles made better use of studio production techniques than its predecessor. It held the top spot for 21 weeks with a chart life of 40 weeks. Erlewine described the LP as \"a sequel of the highest order – one that betters the original\". In a reversal of then standard practice, EMI released the album ahead of the impending single \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\", with the song excluded to maximise the single's sales. The album caught the attention of music critic William Mann of The Times, who suggested that Lennon and McCartney were \"the outstanding English composers of 1963\". The newspaper published a series of articles in which Mann offered detailed analyses of the music, lending it respectability. With the Beatles became the second album in UK chart history to sell a million copies, a figure previously reached only by the 1958 South Pacific soundtrack. When writing the sleeve notes for the album, the band's press officer, Tony Barrow, used the superlative the \"fabulous foursome\", which the media widely adopted as \"the Fab Four\".", "precise_score": -9.112675666809082, "rough_score": -9.178144454956055, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In early 1965, while they were his guests for dinner, Lennon and Harrison's dentist secretly added LSD to their coffee. Lennon described the experience: \"It was just terrifying, but it was fantastic. I was pretty stunned for a month or two.\" He and Harrison subsequently became regular users of the drug, joined by Starr on at least one occasion. McCartney was initially reluctant to try it, but eventually did so in late 1966. He became the first Beatle to discuss LSD publicly, declaring in a magazine interview that \"it opened my eyes\" and \"made me a better, more honest, more tolerant member of society\".", "precise_score": -6.863522052764893, "rough_score": -8.93280029296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "While many of Rubber Souls more notable songs were the product of Lennon and McCartney's collaborative songwriting, it also featured distinct compositions from each, though they continued to share official credit. The song \"In My Life\", of which each later claimed lead authorship, is considered a highlight of the entire Lennon–McCartney catalogue. Harrison called Rubber Soul his \"favourite album\" and Starr referred to it as \"the departure record\". McCartney has said, \"We'd had our cute period, and now it was time to expand.\" However, recording engineer Norman Smith later stated that the studio sessions revealed signs of growing conflict within the group – \"the clash between John and Paul was becoming obvious\", he wrote, and \"as far as Paul was concerned, George could do no right\". In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked Rubber Soul fifth among \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\", and AllMusic's Richie Unterberger describes it as \"one of the classic folk-rock records\".", "precise_score": -6.6624436378479, "rough_score": -8.029136657714844, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Capitol Records, from December 1963 when it began issuing Beatles recordings for the US market, exercised complete control over format, compiling distinct US albums from the band's recordings and issuing songs of their choosing as singles. It was not until Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in 1967 that a Beatles album was released with identical track listings in both the UK and the US. In June 1966, Yesterday and Today, one of Capitol's compilation albums, caused an uproar with its cover, which portrayed the grinning Beatles dressed in butcher's overalls, accompanied by raw meat and mutilated plastic baby dolls. It has been incorrectly suggested that this was meant as a satirical response to the way Capitol had \"butchered\" the US versions of their albums. Thousands of copies of the LP had a new cover pasted over the original; an unpeeled \"first-state\" copy fetched $10,500 at a December 2005 auction. In England, meanwhile, Harrison met sitar maestro Ravi Shankar, who agreed to train him on the instrument.", "precise_score": -10.124013900756836, "rough_score": -8.516348838806152, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "During recording sessions for the White Album, which stretched from late May to mid-October 1968, relations between the Beatles grew openly divisive. Starr quit for two weeks, and McCartney took over the drum kit for \"Back in the U.S.S.R.\" (on which Harrison and Lennon drummed as well) and \"Dear Prudence\". Lennon had lost interest in collaborating with McCartney, whose contribution \"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da\" he scorned as \"granny music shit\". Tensions were further aggravated by Lennon's romantic preoccupation with avant-garde artist Yoko Ono, whom he insisted on bringing to the sessions despite the group's well-established understanding that girlfriends were not allowed in the studio. Describing the double album, Lennon later said: \"Every track is an individual track; there isn't any Beatle music on it. [It's] John and the band, Paul and the band, George and the band.\" McCartney has recalled that the album \"wasn't a pleasant one to make\". Both he and Lennon identified the sessions as the start of the band's break-up.", "precise_score": -6.122504711151123, "rough_score": -7.801418304443359, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "General critical opinion eventually turned in favour of the White Album, and in 2003, Rolling Stone ranked it as the tenth greatest album of all time. Pitchfork's Mark Richardson describes it as \"large and sprawling, overflowing with ideas but also with indulgences, and filled with a hugely variable array of material ... its failings are as essential to its character as its triumphs.\" Erlewine comments: \"The [band's] two main songwriting forces were no longer on the same page, but neither were George and Ringo\", yet \"Lennon turns in two of his best ballads\", McCartney's songs are \"stunning\", Harrison had become \"a songwriter who deserved wider exposure\", and Starr's composition was \"a delight\".", "precise_score": -6.450251579284668, "rough_score": -6.7060723304748535, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Martin stated that he was surprised when McCartney asked him to produce another album, as the Get Back sessions had been \"a miserable experience\" and he had \"thought it was the end of the road for all of us\". The primary recording sessions for Abbey Road began on 2 July 1969. Lennon, who rejected Martin's proposed format of a \"continuously moving piece of music\", wanted his and McCartney's songs to occupy separate sides of the album. The eventual format, with individually composed songs on the first side and the second consisting largely of a medley, was McCartney's suggested compromise. On 4 July, the first solo single by a Beatle was released: Lennon's \"Give Peace a Chance\", credited to the Plastic Ono Band. The completion and mixing of \"I Want You (She's So Heavy)\" on 20 August 1969 was the last occasion on which all four Beatles were together in the same studio. Lennon announced his departure to the rest of the group on 20 September, but agreed to withhold a public announcement to avoid undermining sales of the forthcoming album.", "precise_score": -7.662724018096924, "rough_score": -9.068981170654297, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Two double-LP sets of the Beatles' greatest hits, compiled by Klein, 1962–1966 and 1967–1970, were released in 1973, at first under the Apple Records imprint. Commonly known as the Red Album and Blue Album, respectively, each have earned a Multi-Platinum certification in the United States and a Platinum certification in the United Kingdom. Between 1976 and 1982, EMI/Capitol released a wave of compilation albums without input from the ex-Beatles, starting with the double-disc compilation Rock 'n' Roll Music. The only one to feature previously unreleased material was The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (1977); the first officially issued concert recordings by the group, it contained selections from two shows they played during their 1964 and 1965 US tours.", "precise_score": -6.898163795471191, "rough_score": -6.719994068145752, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "After the December 1980 murder of Lennon, Harrison rewrote the lyrics to his song \"All Those Years Ago\" in Lennon's honour. With Starr on drums and McCartney and his wife, Linda, contributing backing vocals, the song was released as a single in May 1981. McCartney's own tribute, \"Here Today\", appeared on his Tug of War album in April 1982. In 1987, Harrison's Cloud Nine album included \"When We Was Fab\", a song about the Beatlemania era.", "precise_score": -7.397810935974121, "rough_score": -7.6054158210754395, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1988, the Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, their first year of eligibility. Harrison and Starr attended the ceremony with Lennon's widow, Yoko Ono, and his two sons, Julian and Sean. McCartney declined to attend, citing unresolved \"business differences\" that would make him \"feel like a complete hypocrite waving and smiling with them at a fake reunion\". The following year, EMI/Capitol settled a decade-long lawsuit filed by the band over royalties, clearing the way to commercially package previously unreleased material.", "precise_score": -5.589290142059326, "rough_score": -8.918206214904785, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Live at the BBC, the first official release of unissued Beatles performances in seventeen years, appeared in 1994. That same year McCartney, Harrison and Starr collaborated on the Anthology project. Anthology was the culmination of work begun in 1970, when Apple Corps director Neil Aspinall, their former road manager and personal assistant, had started to gather material for a documentary with the working title The Long and Winding Road. Documenting their history in the band's own words, the Anthology project included the release of several unissued Beatles recordings. McCartney, Harrison and Starr also added new instrumental and vocal parts to two songs recorded as demos by Lennon in the late 1970s.", "precise_score": -7.473976135253906, "rough_score": -8.214689254760742, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Harrison died from metastatic lung cancer in November 2001. McCartney and Starr were among the musicians who performed at the Concert for George, organised by Eric Clapton and Harrison's widow, Olivia. The tribute event took place at the Royal Albert Hall on the first anniversary of Harrison's death. In addition to songs he composed for the group and during his solo career, the concert included a celebration of Indian classical music, which had significantly influenced Harrison.", "precise_score": -7.811336994171143, "rough_score": -8.380942344665527, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "As a soundtrack for Cirque du Soleil's Las Vegas Beatles stage revue, Love, George Martin and his son Giles remixed and blended 130 of the band's recordings to create what Martin called \"a way of re-living the whole Beatles musical lifespan in a very condensed period\". The show premiered in June 2006, and the Love album was released that November when McCartney discussed his hope that \"Carnival of Light\", a fourteen-minute experimental recording made at Abbey Road in 1967, would receive an official release. A rare live performance involving two ex-Beatles took place in April 2009 at a benefit concert organised by McCartney at New York's Radio City Music Hall, where he was joined by Starr for three songs.", "precise_score": -4.718506813049316, "rough_score": -6.839677333831787, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 9 September 2009, the Beatles' entire back catalogue was reissued following an extensive digital remastering process that lasted four years. Stereo editions of all twelve original UK studio albums, along with Magical Mystery Tour and the Past Masters compilation, were released on compact disc both individually and as a box set. Comparing the new releases with the 1987 CDs, which had been widely criticised for their lack of clarity and dynamism, Mojo's Danny Eccleston wrote, \"the remastered vocals are purer, more natural-sounding and give the illusion of sitting slightly higher in the mix.\" A second collection, The Beatles in Mono, included remastered versions of every Beatles album released in true mono along with the original 1965 stereo mixes of Help! and Rubber Soul (which Martin had remixed for the 1987 editions). The Beatles: Rock Band, a music video game in the Rock Band series, was issued on the same day. In December 2009, the band's catalogue was officially released in FLAC and MP3 format in a limited edition of 30,000 USB flash drives.", "precise_score": -10.189092636108398, "rough_score": -8.856626510620117, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 26 January 2014, Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr performed McCartney's \"Queenie Eye\" in Los Angeles at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. The following day, The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to The Beatles television special was taped in the Los Angeles Convention Center's West Hall. It aired on 9 February, the exact date of – and at the same time, and on the same network as – the original broadcast of the Beatles' first US television appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, 50 years earlier. The special included performances of Beatles songs by current artists as well as by McCartney and Starr, archival footage, and Paul and Ringo being interviewed by David Letterman at the Ed Sullivan Theater, site of The Ed Sullivan Show. ", "precise_score": -5.675432205200195, "rough_score": -6.680822372436523, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1965, Queen Elizabeth II appointed Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). The film Let It Be (1970) won the 1971 Academy Award for Best Original Song Score. The recipients of seven Grammy Awards and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards, the Beatles have been awarded six Diamond albums, as well as 24 Multi-Platinum albums, 39 Platinum albums and 45 Gold albums in the United States. In the UK, the Beatles have four Multi-Platinum albums, four Platinum albums, eight Gold albums and one Silver album. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988.", "precise_score": -4.695056438446045, "rough_score": -5.865827560424805, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The best-selling band in history, the Beatles have sold between 600 million and (at EMI estimates) over 1 billion units worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts, fifteen, and sold more singles in the UK, 21.9 million, than any other act. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Beatles as the best artist of all time. They ranked number one on Billboard magazine's list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, released in 2008 to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary. , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100, with twenty. The Recording Industry Association of America certifies that the Beatles have sold 178 million units in the US, more than any other artist. They were collectively included in Time magazine's compilation of the twentieth century's 100 most influential people. In 2014, they received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. ", "precise_score": -4.076425552368164, "rough_score": -6.543063640594482, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Ringo Starr – drums, percussion, vocals (1962–1970)", "precise_score": -2.217372179031372, "rough_score": -2.8066530227661133, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Ringo from:18/08/1962 till:02/06/1964 color:drums ", "precise_score": -7.194446563720703, "rough_score": -5.141310691833496, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Ringo from:18/08/1962 till:02/06/1964 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -7.031150817871094, "rough_score": -6.101030349731445, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Ringo from:14/06/1964 till:22/08/1968 color:drums", "precise_score": -7.127259254455566, "rough_score": -4.9224066734313965, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Ringo from:14/06/1964 till:22/08/1968 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -7.035014629364014, "rough_score": -5.888981819152832, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1965, the company went public. Five million shares were created, of which the original principals retained 3.75 million. James and Silver each received 937,500 shares (18.75% of 5 million); Lennon and McCartney each received 750,000 shares (15%); and Epstein's management company, NEMS Enterprises, received 375,000 shares (7.5%). Of the 1.25 million shares put up for sale, Harrison and Starr each acquired 40,000. At the time of the stock offering, Lennon and McCartney renewed their three-year publishing contracts, binding them to Northern Songs until 1973.", "precise_score": -6.792341232299805, "rough_score": -8.88486099243164, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "When the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool group, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. After achieving moderate success with that band in the UK and Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962, replacing Pete Best. Starr played key roles in the Beatles' films and appeared in numerous others. After the band's break-up in 1970, he released several successful singles including the US number four hit \"It Don't Come Easy\", and number ones \"Photograph\" and \"You're Sixteen\". In 1972, he released his most successful UK single, \"Back Off Boogaloo\", which peaked at number two. He achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo, which was a top ten release in both the UK and the US. He has been featured in a number of documentaries and hosted television shows. He also narrated the first two series of the children's television programme Thomas & Friends and portrayed \"Mr Conductor\" during the first season of the PBS children's television series Shining Time Station. Since 1989, he has toured with twelve variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band.", "precise_score": -1.9665470123291016, "rough_score": -4.481570720672607, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr's creative contribution to music has received praise from drummers such as Phil Collins, who described him as \"a great musician\", and Steve Smith, who commented: \"Before Ringo, drum stars were measured by their soloing ability and virtuosity. Ringo's popularity brought forth a new paradigm ... we started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect ... His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and still identify the song.\" He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2011, Rolling Stone readers named Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. Starr, who was previously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Beatle in 1988, was inducted for his solo career in 2015, making him one of 21 performers inducted more than once. ", "precise_score": 0.5734544992446899, "rough_score": -1.2541515827178955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr quit Rory Storm and the Hurricanes in January 1962 and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg before returning to the Hurricanes for a third season at Butlins. On 14 August, Lennon asked Starr to join the Beatles; he accepted. On 16 August, Beatles manager Brian Epstein fired their drummer, Pete Best, who recalled: \"He said 'I've got some bad news for you. The boys want you out and Ringo in.' He said [Beatles producer] George Martin wasn't too pleased with my playing [and] the boys thought I didn't fit in.\" Starr first performed as a member of the band on 18 August 1962, at a horticultural society dance at Port Sunlight. After his appearance at the Cavern Club the following day, Best fans, upset by his firing, held vigils outside his house and at the club shouting \"Pete forever! Ringo never!\" Harrison received a black eye from one of the upset fans, and Epstein, whose car tyres they had flattened in anger, temporarily hired a bodyguard to ensure his safety. ", "precise_score": -4.703907489776611, "rough_score": -6.822637557983398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Starr's first recording session as a member of the Beatles took place on 4 September 1962. He stated that Martin had thought that he \"was crazy and couldn't play ... because I was trying to play the percussion and the drums at the same time, we were just a four piece band\". For their second recording session with Starr, which took place on 11 September 1962, Martin replaced him with session drummer Andy White while recording takes for what would be the two sides of the Beatles' first single, \"Love Me Do\", backed with \"P.S. I Love You\". Starr played tambourine on \"Love Me Do\" and maracas on \"P.S. I Love You\". Concerned about his status in the Beatles, he thought: \"That's the end, they're doing a Pete Best on me.\" Martin later clarified: \"I simply didn't know what Ringo was like and I wasn't prepared to take any risks.\"", "precise_score": -4.335374355316162, "rough_score": -5.46940803527832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "By November 1962 Starr had been accepted by Beatles fans, who were now calling for him to sing songs. Soon afterwards, he began receiving an amount of fan mail equal to that of the others, which helped to secure his position within the band. Starr considered himself fortunate to be on the same \"wavelength\" as the other Beatles: \"I had to be, or I wouldn't have lasted. I had to join them as people [sic] as well as [as] a drummer.\" He was given a small percentage of Lennon and McCartney's publishing company, Northern Songs, but he derived his primary income during this period from a one-quarter share of Beatles Ltd, a corporation financed by the band's net concert earnings. He commented on the nature of his lifestyle after having achieved success with the Beatles: \"I lived in nightclubs for three years. It used to be a non-stop party.\" Like his father Starr became well known for his late-night dancing and he received considerable praise for his skills.", "precise_score": -3.4848856925964355, "rough_score": -7.545579433441162, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "During an interview with Playboy in 1964, Lennon explained that Starr had filled in with the Beatles when Best was ill; Starr replied: \"[Best] took little pills to make him ill\". Soon after Starr made the comment, a provoked Best filed a libel suit against him that lasted for four years before the court reached an undisclosed settlement in Best's favour. In June, the Beatles were scheduled to tour Denmark, the Netherlands, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, but Starr became ill the day before the start of the tour. Stricken with a high-grade fever, pharyngitis and tonsillitis, he was admitted to a local hospital where he briefly stayed followed by several days of recuperation at home. During this time, Starr was temporarily replaced for five concert dates by 24-year-old session drummer Jimmie Nicol. Starr was discharged from the hospital, and he rejoined the band in Melbourne on 15 June. He later admitted that he feared he would be permanently replaced during his illness. In August, when the Beatles were introduced to Bob Dylan, Starr was the first to try a cannabis cigarette offered to the band by Dylan, whereas Lennon, McCartney and Harrison were hesitant. ", "precise_score": -4.813782215118408, "rough_score": -7.681105613708496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 11 February 1965, Starr married Maureen Cox, whom he had first met in 1962. By this time the stress and pressure that went along with Beatlemania had reached a peak for him. He received a telephoned death threat before a show in Montreal, and resorted to positioning his cymbals vertically in an attempt to provide protection from would-be assassins. The constant pressure of the Beatles' fame affected their live performances; Starr commented: \"We were turning into such bad musicians ... there was no groove to it.\" He was also feeling increasingly isolated from the musical activities of his bandmates, who were moving past the traditional boundaries of rock music into territory that often did not require his accompaniment; during recording sessions he spent countless hours playing cards with their road manager Neil Aspinall and roadie Mal Evans while the other Beatles perfected tracks without him. In a letter published in Melody Maker, a fan asked the Beatles to let Starr sing more; he replied: \"[I am] quite happy with my one little track on each album\".", "precise_score": -3.7715821266174316, "rough_score": -5.297253608703613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In February 1968, Starr became the first Beatle to sing during another artist's show without the other three present. He sang the Buck Owens hit \"Act Naturally\", and performed a duet with Cilla Black, \"Do You Like Me Just a Little Bit?\" on her BBC One television programme, Cilla. Later that year Apple Records released The Beatles, commonly known as the \"White Album\". Creative inspiration for the double LP came in part from the band's recent interactions with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. While attending an intermediate course at his ashram in Rishikesh, India, they enjoyed one of their most prolific writing periods, composing most of the album's songs there. Despite leaving after 10 days, Starr completed his first recorded Beatles song, \"Don't Pass Me By\", while in India. During the recording of the White Album, relations within the band became openly divisive. As the sessions progressed, their collective group dynamic began to decay; at times only one or two Beatles were involved in the recording for a track. Starr had grown weary of McCartney's increasingly overbearing approach and Lennon's passive-aggressive behaviour, which was exacerbated by Starr's resentment of Yoko Ono near-constant presence. After one particularly difficult session during which McCartney had harshly criticised his drumming, Starr quit the band for two weeks, taking a holiday with his family in Sardinia on a boat loaned by Peter Sellers. During a lunch break the chef served octopus, which Starr refused to eat. A subsequent conversation with the ship's captain regarding the behaviours of the animal served as the inspiration for his Abbey Road composition, \"Octopus's Garden\", which Starr wrote on guitar during the trip. He returned to the studio two weeks later, to find that Harrison had covered his drum kit in flowers as a welcome-back gesture.", "precise_score": -2.2843165397644043, "rough_score": -3.4113433361053467, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 10 April 1970, McCartney publicly announced that he had quit the Beatles. Shortly before this, he and Starr fell out due to McCartney's refusal to cede the release date of his eponymous solo album to allow for Starr's debut, Sentimental Journey, and the Beatles' Let It Be. Starr's album – composed of renditions of pre-rock standards that included musical arrangements by Quincy Jones, Maurice Gibb, George Martin and McCartney – peaked at number seven in the UK and number 22 in the US. Starr followed Sentimental Journey with the country-inspired Beaucoups of Blues, engineered by Scotty Moore and featuring renowned Nashville session musician Pete Drake. Despite receiving some favourable reviews, the album failed to meet with commercial success. Starr subsequently combined his musical activities with developing a career as a film actor.", "precise_score": -2.7808480262756348, "rough_score": -3.564279556274414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Starr played drums on Lennon's John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970), Ono's Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band (1970), and on Harrison's albums All Things Must Pass (1970), Living in the Material World (1973) and Dark Horse (1974). In 1971, Starr participated in the Concert for Bangladesh, organised by Harrison, and with him co-wrote the hit single \"It Don't Come Easy\", which reached number four in both the US and the UK. The following year he released his most successful UK hit, \"Back Off Boogaloo\" (again produced and co-written by Harrison), which peaked at number two (US number nine). Having become friends with the English singer Marc Bolan, Starr made his directorial debut with the 1972 T. Rex documentary Born to Boogie.", "precise_score": -1.8389655351638794, "rough_score": -5.859365463256836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1973, Starr earned two number one hits in the US: \"Photograph\", a UK number eight hit that he co-wrote with Harrison, and \"You're Sixteen\", written by the Sherman Brothers. Starr's third million-selling single, \"You're Sixteen\" was released in the UK in February 1974 where it peaked at number four in the charts. Both songs appeared on Starr's debut rock album, Ringo, which was produced by Richard Perry and featured writing and musical contributions from Lennon and McCartney, as well as Harrison. A commercial and critical success, the LP also included \"Oh My My\", a US number five. The album reached number seven in the UK and number two in the US. Author Peter Doggett describes Ringo as a template for Starr's solo career, saying that, as a musician first rather than a songwriter, \"he would rely on his friends and his charm, and if both were on tap, then the results were usually appealing.\"", "precise_score": 0.905127227306366, "rough_score": -1.0773968696594238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Goodnight Vienna followed in 1974 and was also successful, reaching number eight in the US and number 30 in the UK. Featuring musical contributions from Lennon, Elton John and Harry Nilsson, the album included a cover of the Platters' \"Only You (And You Alone)\", which peaked at number six in the US and number 28 in the UK, and Hoyt Axton's \"No No Song\", which was a US number three and Starr's seventh consecutive top-ten hit. The John-written \"Snookeroo\" failed to chart in the UK, however, when issued there as the second single from the album. During this period Starr became romantically involved with Lynsey de Paul. He played tambourine on a song she wrote and produced for Vera Lynn, \"Don't You Remember When\", and he inspired another De Paul song, \"If I Don't Get You the Next One Will\", which she described as being about revenge after he missed a dinner appointment with her because he was asleep in his office.", "precise_score": -3.0550780296325684, "rough_score": -5.568181037902832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr founded the record label Ring O'Records in 1975. The company signed eleven artists and released fifteen singles and five albums between 1975 and 1978, including works by David Hentschel, Graham Bonnet and Rab Noakes. The commercial impact of Starr's own career diminished over the same period, however, although he continued to record and remained a familiar celebrity presence. Speaking in 2001, he attributed this downward turn to his \"[not] taking enough interest\" in music, saying of himself and friends such as Nilsson and Keith Moon: \"We weren't musicians dabbling in drugs and alcohol; now we were junkies dabbling in music.\" Starr and Moon were members of a drinking club, The Hollywood Vampires. ", "precise_score": -2.5687644481658936, "rough_score": -4.650942325592041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In November 1976 Starr appeared as a guest at the Band's farewell concert, featured in the 1978 Martin Scorsese documentary The Last Waltz. Also in 1976, Starr issued Ringo's Rotogravure, the first release under his new contract with Atlantic Records for the North American market and Polydor for all other territories. The album was produced by Arif Mardin and featured compositions by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison. Starr promoted the release heavily, yet Rotogravure and its accompanying singles failed to chart in the UK. In America, the LP produced two minor hits, \"A Dose of Rock 'n' Roll\" (number 26) and a cover of \"Hey! Baby\" (number 74), and achieved moderate sales, reaching a chart position of 28. Its disappointing performance inspired Atlantic to revamp Starr's formula; the result was a curious blend of disco and 1970s pop, titled Ringo the 4th (1977). The album was a commercial disaster, failing to chart in the UK and peaking at number 162 in the US. In 1978 Starr released Bad Boy, which reached a disappointing number 129 in the US and again failed to place on the UK albums chart. ", "precise_score": -1.542525053024292, "rough_score": -2.6869800090789795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Following Lennon's murder in December 1980, Harrison modified the lyrics of a song he had originally written for Starr, \"All Those Years Ago\", as a tribute to their former bandmate. Released as a Harrison single in 1981, the track, which included Starr's drum part and overdubbed backing vocals by Paul and Linda McCartney, peaked at number two in the US charts and number 13 in the UK. Later that year, Starr released Stop and Smell the Roses, featuring songs produced by Nilsson, McCartney, Harrison, Ronnie Wood and Stephen Stills. The album's lead single, the Harrison-composed \"Wrack My Brain\", reached number 38 in the US charts, but failed to chart in the UK. Lennon had offered a pair of songs for inclusion on the album – \"Nobody Told Me\" and \"Life Begins at 40\" – but following his death, Starr did not feel comfortable recording them. Soon after the murder, Starr and his girlfriend Barbara Bach flew to New York City to be with Lennon's widow Yoko Ono.", "precise_score": -4.053829193115234, "rough_score": -6.53803825378418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Following Stop and Smell the Roses, Starr's recording projects were beset with problems. After completing Old Wave in 1982 with producer Joe Walsh, he was unable to find a record company willing to release the album in the UK or the US. In 1987 he abandoned sessions in Memphis for a planned country album, produced by Chips Moman, after which Moman was blocked by a court injunction from issuing the recordings. Starr nevertheless maintained a high public profile through his narration over 1984–86 of the popular children's series Thomas & Friends, a Britt Allcroft production based on the books by the Reverend W. Awdry. For a single season in 1989, Starr also portrayed the character Mr. Conductor in the programme's American spin-off, Shining Time Station.", "precise_score": -6.368419170379639, "rough_score": -7.830076694488525, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "During October and November 1988, Starr and Bach attended a detox clinic in Tucson, Arizona, each receiving a six-week treatment for alcoholism. He later commented on his longstanding addiction: \"Years I've lost, absolute years … I've no idea what happened. I lived in a blackout.\" Having embraced sobriety, Starr focused on re-establishing his career by making a return to touring. On 23 July 1989, Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band gave their first performance to an audience of ten thousand in Dallas, Texas. Setting a pattern that would continue over the following decades, the band consisted of Starr and an assortment of musicians who had been successful in their own right with popular songs at different times. The concerts interchanged Starr's singing, including selections of his Beatles and solo songs, with performances of each of the other artists' well-known material, the latter incorporating either Starr or another musician as drummer.", "precise_score": -1.963857650756836, "rough_score": -3.4284963607788086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The following year, Starr made a cameo appearance on The Simpsons episode \"Brush with Greatness\" and contributed an original song, \"You Never Know\", to the soundtrack of the John Hughes film Curly Sue. In 1992, Starr released his first studio album in nine years, Time Takes Time, which was produced by Phil Ramone, Don Was, Lynne and Peter Asher and featured guest appearances by various stars including Brian Wilson and Harry Nilsson. The album failed to achieve commercial success, although the single \"Weight of the World\" peaked at number 74 in the UK, marking Starr's first appearance on the singles chart there since \"Only You\" in 1974. ", "precise_score": -5.699987411499023, "rough_score": -6.978585720062256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1994, Starr began a collaboration with the surviving former Beatles for the Beatles Anthology project. They recorded two new Beatles songs built around solo vocal and piano tapes recorded by Lennon and gave lengthy interviews about the Beatles' career. Released in December 1995, \"Free as a Bird\" was the first new Beatles single since 1970. In March 1996, they released a second single, \"Real Love\". The temporary reunion ended when Harrison refused to participate in the completion of a third song. Starr then played drums on McCartney's 1997 album Flaming Pie. Among the tracks to which he contributed, \"Little Willow\" was a song McCartney wrote about Starr's ex-wife Maureen, who died in 1994, while \"Really Love You\" was the first official release ever credited to McCartney–Starkey.", "precise_score": -2.2497289180755615, "rough_score": -4.749076843261719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1998, Starr released two albums on the Mercury label. The studio album Vertical Man marked the beginning of a nine-year partnership with Mark Hudson, who produced the album and, with his band the Roundheads, formed the core of the backing group on the recordings. In addition, many famous guests joined on various tracks, including Martin, Petty, McCartney and, in his final appearance on a Starr album, Harrison. Most of the songs were written by Starr and the band. Joe Walsh and the Roundheads joined Starr for his appearance on VH1 Storytellers, which was released as an album under the same name. During the show, he performed greatest hits and new songs and told anecdotes relating to them. Starr's final release for Mercury was the 1999 Christmas-themed I Wanna Be Santa Claus. The album was a commercial failure, although the record company chose not to issue it in Britain.", "precise_score": -4.682168006896973, "rough_score": -5.471639156341553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr was inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 2002, joining an elite group including Buddy Rich, William F. Ludwig, Sr., and William F. Ludwig, Jr. On 29 November 2002 (the first anniversary of Harrison's death), he performed \"Photograph\" and a cover of Carl Perkins' \"Honey Don't\" at the Concert for George held in the Royal Albert Hall, London. Early the following year, Starr released the album Ringo Rama, which contained a song he co-wrote as a tribute to Harrison, \"Never Without You\". Also in 2003, Starr formed Pumkinhead Records with All-Starr Band member Mark Hudson. The label was not prolific, but their first signing was Liam Lynch, who produced a 2003 LP entitled Fake Songs.", "precise_score": -3.0849437713623047, "rough_score": -7.0581512451171875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Starr's 2005 release Choose Love eschewed the star-guests approach of his last two studio albums but failed to chart in the UK or the US. That same year, Liverpool's City Council announced plans to demolish Starr's birthplace, 9Madryn Street, stating that it had \"no historical significance\". The LCC later announced that the building would be taken apart brick by brick and preserved. ", "precise_score": -6.739837169647217, "rough_score": -8.200399398803711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr released the album Liverpool 8 in January 2008, coinciding with the start of Liverpool's year as the European Capital of Culture. Hudson was the initial producer of the recordings, but after a falling out with Starr, he was replaced by David A. Stewart. Starr performed the title track at the opening ceremony for Liverpool's appointment, but thereafter attracted controversy over his seemingly unflattering comments about his city of birth. Later that year, he was the object of further criticism in the press for posting a video on his website in which he harangued fans and autograph hunters for sending him items to sign.", "precise_score": -7.747746467590332, "rough_score": -8.524279594421387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In April 2009, Starr reunited with McCartney at the David Lynch Foundation's \"Change Begins Within\" benefit concert, held at New York's Radio City Music Hall. Having played his own set beforehand, Starr joined McCartney for the finale and performed \"With a Little Help from My Friends\", among other songs. Starr also appeared on-stage during Microsoft's June 2009 E3 press conference with Yoko Ono, McCartney and Olivia Harrison to promote The Beatles: Rock Band video game. In November 2009, Starr once again performed the voice of Thomas the Tank Engine for \"The Official BBC Children in Need Medley\". ", "precise_score": -5.120260715484619, "rough_score": -7.8080830574035645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2010 Starr self-produced and released his fifteenth studio album, Y Not, which included the track \"Walk with You\" and featured a vocal contribution from McCartney. Later that year, he appeared during Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief as a celebrity phone operator. On 7 July 2010, Starr celebrated his 70th birthday at Radio City Music Hall with another All-Starr Band concert, topped with friends and family joining him on stage including Ono, his son Zak, and McCartney. ", "precise_score": -3.3532795906066895, "rough_score": -8.823525428771973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr recorded a cover of Buddy Holly's \"Think It Over\" for the 2011 tribute album Listen to Me: Buddy Holly. In January 2012, he released the album Ringo 2012. Later that year, Starr announced that his All-Starr Band would tour the Pacific Rim during 2013 with select dates in New Zealand, Australia and Japan; it was his first performance in Japan since 1996, and his debut in both New Zealand and Australia. ", "precise_score": -3.313147783279419, "rough_score": -7.154896259307861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In January 2014, Starr joined McCartney for a special performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles, where they performed the song \"Queenie Eye\". That summer Starr toured Canada and the US with an updated version of the Twelfth All-Starr Band, featuring multi-instrumentalist Warren Ham instead of saxophonist Mark Rivera. In July, Starr became involved in \"#peacerocks\", an anti-violence campaign started by fashion designer John Varvatos, in conjunction with the David Lynch Foundation. In September 2014, Starr won at the GQ Men of the Year Awards for his humanitarian work with the David Lynch Foundation. ", "precise_score": -5.293758392333984, "rough_score": -8.171783447265625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In January 2015 Starr tweeted the title of his new 11-track studio album, Postcards from Paradise. The album came just weeks in advance of Starr's induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and was released on 31 March 2015 to mixed to positive reviews. ", "precise_score": -6.394296646118164, "rough_score": -6.950191497802734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "During his youth, Starr had been a devoted fan of skiffle and blues music, but by the time he joined the Texans in 1958, he had developed a preference for rock and roll. He was also influenced by country artists, including Hank Williams, Buck Owens and Hank Snow, and jazz drummers such as Chico Hamilton and Yusef Lateef, whose compositional style inspired Starr's fluid and energetic drum fills and grooves. While reflecting on Buddy Rich, Starr commented: \"He does things with one hand that I can't do with nine, but that's technique. Everyone I talk to says 'What about Buddy Rich?' Well, what about him? Because he doesn't turn me on.\" He stated that he \"was never really into drummers\", but identified Cozy Cole 1958 cover of Benny Goodman \"Topsy Part Two\" as \"the one drum record\" he bought. ", "precise_score": -5.657172679901123, "rough_score": -7.852322578430176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2011, readers of Rolling Stone magazine voted Starr as the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. Journalist Robyn Flans, writing for the Percussive Arts Society, stated: \"I cannot count the number of drummers who have told me that Ringo inspired their passion for drums\". Drummer Steve Smith commented on Starr's musical contribution:", "precise_score": -2.2328250408172607, "rough_score": -5.778995037078857, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Starr is credited as the sole composer of two Beatles songs: \"Octopus's Garden\" and \"Don't Pass Me By\". Starr is credited as a co-writer of \"What Goes On\", \"Flying\" and \"Dig It\". On material issued after the break-up, Starr received a writing credit for \"Taking a Trip to Carolina\" and received joint songwriting credits with the other three Beatles for \"12-Bar Original\", \"Los Paranoias\", \"Christmas Time (Is Here Again)\", \"Suzy Parker\", heard in the Let It Be film, and \"Jessie's Dream\" from the Magical Mystery Tour film.", "precise_score": -4.654843807220459, "rough_score": -8.268717765808105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1980, while on the set of the film Caveman, Starr met actress Barbara Bach; they were married on 27 April 1981. In 1985, he was the first of the Beatles to become a grandfather upon the birth of Zak's daughter, Tatia Jayne Starkey. Zak Starkey is also a drummer, and during his father's regular absences, he spent time with The Who's Keith Moon. Zak has performed with his father during some All-Starr Band tours. In total, Ringo Starr has seven grandchildren – one from Zak, three from Jason and three from Lee. ", "precise_score": -3.8652184009552, "rough_score": -5.841502666473389, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr and Bach split their time between homes in Cranleigh, Surrey; Los Angeles; and Monte Carlo. In the Sunday Times Rich List 2011, Starr was listed at number 56 in the UK with an estimated personal wealth of £150 million. In 2012, Starr was estimated to be the wealthiest drummer in the world. In 2014 Starr announced that his 200-acre Surrey estate at Rydinghurst, with its Grade II-listed Jacobean house, was for sale. However, he retains a property in the London district of Chelsea off King's Road, and he and Bach continue to divide their time between London and Los Angeles. ", "precise_score": -5.804469108581543, "rough_score": -8.310534477233887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In December 2015, Starr and Bach auctioned some of their personal and professional items to the public via Julien's Auctions in Los Angeles. Highlights of the collection included Starr's first Ludwig Black Oyster Pearl drum kit; instruments gifted to him by Harrison, Lennon and Marc Bolan; and a first-pressing copy of the Beatles' White Album numbered \"0000001\". The auction raised over $9 million, a portion of which was set aside for the Lotus Foundation, a charity founded by Starr and Bach. ", "precise_score": -6.034218788146973, "rough_score": -8.493391036987305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "During the 1965 Birthday Honours for Queen Elizabeth II, Starr and the other Beatles were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE); they received their insignia from the Queen at an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 26 October. He and the other Beatles were cumulatively nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer for their performances in the 1964 film A Hard Day's Night. In 1971, the Beatles received an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score for the film Let It Be. The minor planet 4150 Starr, discovered on 31 August 1984 by Brian A. Skiff at the Anderson Mesa Station of the Lowell Observatory, was named in Starr's honour. Starr was nominated for a 1989 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series for his role as Mr. Conductor in the television series Shining Time Station.", "precise_score": -4.845381259918213, "rough_score": -8.18147087097168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2015, twenty-three years after he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the Beatles, Starr became the last Beatle to be inducted for their solo career. During the 50th Grammy Awards, Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love. On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco. On 8 February 2010, he was honoured with the 2,401st star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. It is located at 1750 North Vine Street, in front of the Capitol Records building, as are the stars for Lennon, McCartney and Harrison. ", "precise_score": 0.9197537302970886, "rough_score": -1.6141341924667358, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr has received praise from critics and movie industry professionals regarding his acting; director and producer Walter Shenson called him \"a superb actor, an absolute natural\". By the mid-1960s, Starr had become a connoisseur of film. In addition to his roles in A Hard Day's Night (1964), Help! (1965), Magical Mystery Tour (1967), and Let It Be (1970), Starr also acted in Candy (1968), The Magic Christian (1969), Blindman (1971), Son of Dracula (1974) and Caveman (1981). In 1971, he starred as Larry the Dwarf in Frank Zappa's 200 Motels and was featured in Harry Nilsson's animated film The Point! He co-starred in That'll Be the Day (1973) as a Teddy Boy and appeared in The Last Waltz, the Martin Scorsese documentary film about the 1976 farewell concert of the Band.", "precise_score": -5.732532978057861, "rough_score": -7.85862922668457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Ringo Rama (2003)", "precise_score": -6.955060958862305, "rough_score": -8.382810592651367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Ringo 2012 (2012)", "precise_score": -5.976965427398682, "rough_score": -8.832575798034668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "As of 2012, Lennon's solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1994. ", "precise_score": -3.6231648921966553, "rough_score": -7.771795749664307, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Brian Epstein, the Beatles' manager from 1962, had no prior experience of artist management, but had a strong influence on their early dress code and attitude on stage. Lennon initially resisted his attempts to encourage the band to present a professional appearance, but eventually complied, saying, \"I'll wear a bloody balloon if somebody's going to pay me\". McCartney took over on bass after Sutcliffe decided to stay in Hamburg, and drummer Ringo Starr replaced Best, completing the four-piece line-up that would endure until the group's break-up in 1970. The band's first single, \"Love Me Do\", was released in October 1962 and reached No. 17 on the British charts. They recorded their debut album, Please Please Me, in under 10 hours on 11 February 1963, a day when Lennon was suffering the effects of a cold, which is evident in the vocal on the last song to be recorded that day, \"Twist and Shout\". The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership yielded eight of its fourteen tracks. With few exceptions—one being the album title itself—Lennon had yet to bring his love of wordplay to bear on his song lyrics, saying: \"We were just writing songs... pop songs with no more thought of them than that—to create a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant\". In a 1987 interview, McCartney said that the other Beatles idolised John: \"He was like our own little Elvis... We all looked up to John. He was older and he was very much the leader; he was the quickest wit and the smartest.\"", "precise_score": -5.609215259552002, "rough_score": -4.5299248695373535, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Settled back in New York, Lennon recorded the album Walls and Bridges. Released in October 1974, it included \"Whatever Gets You thru the Night\", which featured Elton John on backing vocals and piano, and became Lennon's only single as a solo artist to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart during his lifetime. A second single from the album, \"#9 Dream\", followed before the end of the year. Starr's Goodnight Vienna (1974) again saw assistance from Lennon, who wrote the title track and played piano. On 28 November, Lennon made a surprise guest appearance at Elton John's Thanksgiving concert at Madison Square Garden, in fulfilment of his promise to join the singer in a live show if \"Whatever Gets You thru the Night\"—a song whose commercial potential Lennon had doubted—reached number one. Lennon performed the song along with \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\" and \"I Saw Her Standing There\", which he introduced as \"a song by an old estranged fiancée of mine called Paul\".", "precise_score": -2.974708318710327, "rough_score": -4.7795515060424805, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Although his friendship with Starr remained consistently friendly during the years following the Beatles' break-up in 1970, Lennon's relationships with McCartney and Harrison varied. He was close to Harrison initially, but the two drifted apart after Lennon moved to America. When Harrison was in New York for his December 1974 Dark Horse tour, Lennon agreed to join him on stage, but failed to appear after an argument over Lennon's refusal to sign an agreement that would finally dissolve the Beatles' legal partnership. (Lennon eventually signed the papers while holidaying in Florida with Pang and Julian.) Harrison offended Lennon in 1980, when he published an autobiography that made little mention of him. Lennon told Playboy, \"I was hurt by it. By glaring omission... my influence on his life is absolutely zilch... he remembers every two-bit sax player or guitarist he met in subsequent years. I'm not in the book.\"", "precise_score": -7.913798809051514, "rough_score": -8.842267036437988, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "As his career progressed, he played a variety of electric guitars, predominantly the Rickenbacker 325, Epiphone Casino and Gibson J-160E, and, from the start of his solo career, the Gibson Les Paul Junior. Double Fantasy producer Jack Douglas claimed that since his Beatle days Lennon habitually tuned his D-string slightly flat, so his Aunt Mimi could tell which guitar was his on recordings. Occasionally he played a six-string bass guitar, the Fender Bass VI, providing bass on some Beatles numbers (\"Back in the U.S.S.R.\", \"The Long and Winding Road\", \"Helter Skelter\") that occupied McCartney with another instrument. His other instrument of choice was the piano, on which he composed many songs, including \"Imagine\", described as his best-known solo work. His jamming on a piano with McCartney in 1963 led to the creation of the Beatles' first US number one, \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\". In 1964, he became one of the first British musicians to acquire a Mellotron keyboard, though it was not heard on a Beatles recording until \"Strawberry Fields Forever\" in 1967.", "precise_score": -6.755919456481934, "rough_score": -7.3096466064453125, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership is regarded as one of the most influential and successful of the 20th century. As performer, writer or co-writer Lennon has had 25 number one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. His album sales in the US stand at 14 million units. Double Fantasy was his best-selling solo album, at three million shipments in the US; Released shortly before his death, it won the 1981 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The following year, the BRIT Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music went to Lennon.", "precise_score": -5.715804100036621, "rough_score": -8.980487823486328, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Sir James Paul McCartney, (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained worldwide fame with the rock band the Beatles, one of the most popular and influential groups in the history of pop music. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is one of the most celebrated of the 20th century. After the band's break-up, he pursued a solo career and formed Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.", "precise_score": -5.453684329986572, "rough_score": -6.22337532043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time. More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", more than any other copyrighted song in history. Wings' 1977 release \"Mull of Kintyre\" is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK. A two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (as a member of the Beatles in 1988, and as a solo artist in 1999), and a 21-time Grammy Award winner, McCartney has written, or co-written, 32 songs that have reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, and he has 25.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr received MBEs in 1965, and in 1997, McCartney was knighted for services to music.", "precise_score": -1.08772611618042, "rough_score": -5.8610076904296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Informally represented by Allan Williams, the Beatles' first booking was for a residency in Hamburg, starting in 1960. In 1961, Sutcliffe left the band and McCartney reluctantly became their bass player. They recorded professionally for the first time while in Hamburg, credited as the Beat Brothers, as the backing band for English singer Tony Sheridan on the single \"My Bonnie\". This brought them to the attention of Brian Epstein, a key figure in their subsequent development and success. He became their manager in January 1962. Ringo Starr replaced Best in August, and the band had their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in October, becoming popular in the UK in 1963, and in the US a year later. Their fans' hysteria became known as \"Beatlemania\", and the press sometimes referred to McCartney as the \"cute Beatle\". ", "precise_score": -5.829691410064697, "rough_score": -4.936298370361328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1984, McCartney starred in the musical Give My Regards to Broad Street, a feature film he also wrote and produced which included Starr in an acting role. Disparaged by critics, Variety described the film as \"characterless, bloodless, and pointless\". Roger Ebert awarded it a single star and wrote, \"you can safely skip the movie and proceed directly to the soundtrack\". The album fared much better, reaching number one in the UK and producing the US top-ten hit single \"No More Lonely Nights\", featuring David Gilmour on lead guitar. In 1985, Warner Brothers commissioned McCartney to write a song for the comedic feature film Spies Like Us. He composed and recorded the track in four days, with Phil Ramone co-producing. McCartney participated in Live Aid, performing \"Let it Be\", but technical difficulties rendered his vocals and piano barely audible for the first two verses, punctuated by squeals of feedback. Equipment technicians resolved the problems and David Bowie, Alison Moyet, Pete Townshend and Bob Geldof joined McCartney on stage, receiving an enthusiastic crowd reaction.", "precise_score": -8.425749778747559, "rough_score": -6.716780185699463, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Starting in 1994, McCartney took a four-year break from his solo career to work on Apple's Beatles Anthology project with Harrison, Starr and Martin. He recorded a radio series called Oobu Joobu in 1995 for the American network Westwood One, which he described as \"widescreen radio\". Also in 1995, Prince Charles presented him with an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Music—\"kind of amazing for somebody who doesn't read a note of music\", commented McCartney. ", "precise_score": -6.142081260681152, "rough_score": -7.502305030822754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "A primetime entertainment special celebrating the legacy of seven-time Grammy-winning group the Beatles and their groundbreaking first performance on The Ed Sullivan Show, featuring Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr, was taped 27 January 2014 at the Ed Sullivan Theater with a 9 February 2014 CBS airing. The show, titled The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to The Beatles, featured 22 classic Beatles songs as performed by various artists, including McCartney and Starr. ", "precise_score": -4.6104559898376465, "rough_score": -6.924529552459717, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney signed his first recording contract, as a member of the Beatles, with Parlophone Records, an EMI subsidiary, in June 1962. In the United States, the Beatles recordings were distributed by EMI subsidiary Capitol Records. The Beatles re-signed with EMI for another nine years in 1967. After forming their own record label, Apple Records, in 1968, the Beatles' recordings would be released through Apple although the masters were still owned by EMI. Following the break-up of the Beatles, McCartney's music continued to be released by Apple Records under the Beatles' 1967 recording contract with EMI which ran until 1976. Following the formal dissolution of the Beatles' partnership in 1975, McCartney re-signed with EMI worldwide and Capitol in the US, Canada and Japan, acquiring ownership of his solo catalogue from EMI as part of the deal. In 1979, McCartney signed with Columbia Records in the US and Canada—reportedly receiving the industry's most lucrative recording contract to date, while remaining with EMI for distribution throughout the rest of the world. McCartney returned to Capitol in the US in 1985, remaining with EMI until 2006. In 2007, McCartney signed with Hear Music, becoming the label's first artist. He remains there 's Kisses on the Bottom. ", "precise_score": -8.46066951751709, "rough_score": -8.590798377990723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1983, McCartney said, \"I would not have been as typically human and standoffish as I was if I knew John was going to die. I would have made more of an effort to try and get behind his \"mask\" and have a better relationship with him.\" He said that he went home that night, watched the news on television with his children and cried most of the evening. In 1997, he admitted the ex-Beatles were nervous at the time that they might also be murdered. He told Mojo magazine in 2002 that Lennon was his greatest hero. In 1981, McCartney sang backup on Harrison's tribute to their ex-bandmate, \"All Those Years Ago\", which featured Starr on drums. McCartney released \"Here Today\" in 1982, a song Everett described as \"a haunting tribute\" to McCartney's friendship with Lennon.", "precise_score": -5.064423561096191, "rough_score": -7.450049877166748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Starr once described McCartney as \"pleasantly insincere\", though the two generally enjoy each other's company, and at least once went on holiday together in Greece. Starr recalled, \"We couldn't understand a word of the songs the hotel band were playing, so on the last night Paul and I did a few rockers like \"What'd I Say\". There was at times discord between them as well, particularly during sessions for the White Album. As Apple's Peter Brown recalled, \"it was a poorly kept secret among Beatle intimates that after Ringo left the studio Paul would often dub in the drum tracks himself ... [Starr] would pretend not to notice\". In August 1968, the two got into an argument over McCartney's critique of Starr's drum part for \"Back in the U.S.S.R.\", which contributed to Starr temporarily leaving the band. Starr later commented on working with McCartney: \"Paul is the greatest bass player in the world. But he is also very determined ... [to] get his own way ... [thus] musical disagreements inevitably arose from time to time.\"", "precise_score": -3.776353120803833, "rough_score": -5.529778003692627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney and Starr collaborated on several post-Beatles projects starting in 1973, when McCartney contributed instrumentation and backing vocals for \"Six O'Clock\", a song McCartney wrote for Starr's album Ringo. McCartney played a kazoo solo on another track from the album, \"You're Sixteen\". Starr appeared (as a fictional version of himself) in McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street, and played drums on most tracks of the soundtrack album, which includes re-recordings of several McCartney-penned Beatles songs. Starr played drums and sang backing vocals on \"Beautiful Night\" from McCartney's 1997 album, Flaming Pie. The pair collaborated again in 1998, on Starr's Vertical Man, which featured McCartney's backing vocals on three songs, and instrumentation on one. In 2009, the pair performed \"With a Little Help from My Friends\" at a benefit concert for the David Lynch Foundation. They collaborated on Starr's album Y Not in 2010. McCartney played bass on \"Peace Dream\", and sang a duet with Starr on \"Walk with You\". On 7 July 2010, Starr was performing at Radio City Music Hall in New York with his All-Starr Band in a concert celebrating his seventieth birthday. After the encores, McCartney made a surprise last-minute appearance, coming out and performing the Beatles' song \"Birthday\" backed by members of Starr's band. On 26 January 2014 McCartney and Starr performed \"Queenie Eye\" from McCartney's new album New at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. ", "precise_score": -1.84406578540802, "rough_score": -4.645058631896973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and again as a solo artist in 1999. In 1979, the Guinness Book of World Records recognised McCartney as the \"most honored composer and performer in music\", with 60 gold discs (43 with the Beatles, 17 with Wings) and, as a member of the Beatles, sales of over 100 million singles and 100 million albums, and as the \"most successful song writer\", he wrote jointly or solo 43 songs which sold one million or more records between 1962 and 1978. In 2009, Guinness World Records again recognised McCartney as the \"most successful songwriter\" having written or co-written 188 charted records in the United Kingdom, of which 91 reached the top 10 and 33 made it to number one. ", "precise_score": -3.8501765727996826, "rough_score": -8.062294006347656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney has written, or co-written 32 number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100: twenty with the Beatles; seven solo or with Wings; one as a co-writer of \"A World Without Love\", a number-one single for Peter and Gordon; one as a co-writer on Elton John's cover of \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\"; one as a co-writer on Stars on 45's \"Medley\"; one as a co-writer with Michael Jackson on \"Say Say Say\"; and one as a co-writer with Stevie Wonder on \"Ebony and Ivory\". , he has 15.5 million RIAA certified units in the United States as a solo artist plus another 10 million with Wings. ", "precise_score": -2.6055643558502197, "rough_score": -4.706929683685303, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Credited with more number ones in the UK than any other artist, McCartney has participated in twenty-four chart topping singles: seventeen with the Beatles, one solo, and one each with Wings, Stevie Wonder, Ferry Aid, Band Aid, Band Aid 20 and \"The Christians et al.\" He is the only artist to reach the UK number one as a soloist (\"Pipes of Peace\"), duo (\"Ebony and Ivory\" with Wonder), trio (\"Mull of Kintyre\", Wings), quartet (\"She Loves You\", the Beatles), quintet (\"Get Back\", the Beatles with Billy Preston) and as part of a musical ensemble for charity (Ferry Aid).", "precise_score": -6.212843894958496, "rough_score": -8.06653118133545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Sir Elton Hercules John, (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947), is an English pianist, singer-songwriter and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date. In his five-decade career Elton John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive No. 1 US albums, 58 Billboard Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four No. 2 and nine No. 1. For 31 consecutive years (1970–2000) he had at least one song in the Billboard Hot 100. His single \"Candle in the Wind 1997\" sold over 33million copies worldwide and is the best-selling single in the history of the UK and US singles charts. See also: Guinness Book of Records, 2009 Edition, pages 14, 15 & 169 [http://img827.imageshack.us/img827/4387/guinness2009.pdf] He has also composed music, produced records, and has occasionally acted in films. John owned Watford Football Club from 1976 to 1987, and 1997 to 2002. He is an honorary Life President of the club, and in 2014 had a stand named after him at the club's home stadium.", "precise_score": -3.9402904510498047, "rough_score": -7.605583667755127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "He has received five Grammy Awards, five Brit Awards – winning two awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music and the first Brits Icon in 2013 for his \"lasting impact on British culture\", an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Tony Award, a Disney Legend award, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him Number 49 on its list of 100 influential musicians of the rock and roll era. In 2013, Billboard ranked him the most successful male solo artist on the Billboard Hot 100 Top All-Time Artists (third overall behind the Beatles and Madonna). He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994, is an inductee into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame, and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. Having been named a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1996, John was made a Knight Bachelor by Elizabeth II for \"services to music and charitable services\" in 1998. John has performed at a number of royal events, such as the funeral of Princess Diana at Westminster Abbey in 1997, the Party at the Palace in 2002 and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Concert outside Buckingham Palace in 2012.", "precise_score": -3.8992505073547363, "rough_score": -7.850988864898682, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "According to Circus Magazine, a spokesman for John Reid said the decision was reached mutually via phone while John was in Australia promoting Tommy.Circus Magazine, No 115, August 1975. Vol 2, No 8. K48002 pp14–15 She said there was no way Reid could have fired them \"because the band are not employed by John Reid, they're employed by Elton John.\" She went on to say Nigel would be going back to his solo work and Dee would do session work \"and possibly cut a solo album\".", "precise_score": -10.382184982299805, "rough_score": -8.261422157287598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Born to Boogie, US (1972) as himself with Marc Bolan and Ringo Starr", "precise_score": -6.208803176879883, "rough_score": -7.030786514282227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "This chart of Ringo Starr's 10 Biggest Billboard Hot 100 Hits is based on actual performance on the weekly Billboard Hot 100, through the chart dated July 11, 2015. Songs are ranked using an inverse point system, with weeks at No. 1 earning the greatest value and weeks at No. 100 earning the least.", "precise_score": 2.6858015060424805, "rough_score": 4.8243279457092285, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "All four Beatles (as well as Billy Preston, Harry Nilsson and members of the Band ) show up on Starr’s hit third album, which spawned two No. 1 singles, ‘Photograph’ and ‘You’re Sixteen.’ Backed by an ace band and working with a solid set of songs, Starr sounds inspired throughout. He got lazy on later records, resting on his legend. He plays to win on ‘Ringo.’", "precise_score": 1.3789353370666504, "rough_score": -2.7945306301116943, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Beatles Solo Albums - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Paul McCartney is \"most successful musician and composer in popular music history\" and a look at his Billboard-topping hits makes that hard to argue. As a solo artist, part of a duo or as a member of the Beatles and Wings, McCartney has achieved a number 1 single a whopping 29 times. Can you name all of his chart-topping hits in 8 minutes?", "precise_score": -4.363218307495117, "rough_score": -6.7299370765686035, "source": "search", "title": "Name All of Paul McCartney's Number 1 singles | Mental Floss" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Before Ringo, The Beatles tried several other drummers. At one point they were so desperate, that they even invited strangers from the audience to fill the position. Then came Pete Best who was not considered by the other band members to be the greatest drummer, and they were keen to recruit Ringo as his replacement. On June 6, 1962, at the Abbey Road studios, The Beatles passed Martin's audition with the exception of Pete Best. George Martin liked them, but recommended the change of a drummer. Being asked by John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison; Epstein fired Pete Best. After a mutual decision the band was completed with Ringo Starr. Ringo contributed to their first hit in September of 1962, when The Beatles recorded Love Me Do, which charted in UK, and reached the top of the US singles chart.", "precise_score": -5.247014999389648, "rough_score": -5.212652206420898, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Starr had dreamed of becoming a professional actor since his younger years. He wanted to be in movies probably more so than the other members of The Beatles . In 1964, during the first months of Beatlemania, Ringo coined the phrase 'A Hard Day's Night' which soon became the official title of the Beatles' first movie, in replacement for the working title 'Beatlemania'. Ringo received great reviews for his performance in A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965). At first, Ringo did not have a songwriting career, although he had no problem with his name recognition, however, he had a problem with getting his songs noticed. At that time he got help from his friends; John and Paul wrote a song or two for him to sing on their albums, such as \"Boys\", \"I Wanna Be Your Man\", \"Honey Don't\", and \"Yellow Submarine\". During his eight-year career with The Beatles , Ringo wrote two original songs: \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus' Garden\" for which he also sang the lead vocals. Besides his drumming, Ringo's voice was recorded on many of the most popular Beatle's songs, contributing to their unique sound and tight harmonies.", "precise_score": -1.256669044494629, "rough_score": -1.1601276397705078, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "He had a hectic solo career during the 1970s, after the breakup of The Beatles . However, Ringo eventually emerged as a steady performer, and sustained a very popular solo career, turning out a dozen chart-topping hit songs and eight best-selling albums. He made a famous appearance together with George Harrison , Ravi Shankar , and other popular musicians in the landmark 'Concert for Bangladesh' in 1971. His 1973 solo release \"Ringo\" was the last album to feature all four living Beatles, although not on the same song. He also appeared in various TV shows, including his own special, Ringo (1978), and a TV mini-series, Princess Daisy (1983), with his wife Barbara. In 1984 he did narration for the children's series Thomas & Friends (1984). During the 1980s, after having a long period of troubles with alcohol, Ringo and his wife attended a rehabilitation clinic, and came back to the scene sober. He made the All-Starr Band tour of America and Japan. The tour was so popular that he formed another All-Starr Band lineup in 1992, and began an American and European tour in June of that year. Since then Ringo Starr has been enjoying a continuous career as the leader of the All-Starr Band. In 1994, along with George Harrison and Paul McCartney , the three surviving members of The Beatles , reunited and produced Lennon's previously unknown song 'Free as a Bird'. It was preserved by 'Yoko Ono' on a tape recording made by John Lennon in 1977. The song was re-arranged and re-mixed with the voices of three surviving members, and became an international hit. 'Free as a Bird' was also included in The Beatles Anthology TV documentary which was watched by 420 million people in 1995. Ringo, Paul and George sang their new songs, in addition to mixing their voices and music arrangements to John Lennon demos.", "precise_score": 0.8404399156570435, "rough_score": -2.127516269683838, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Ringo's old friend and band-mate George Harrison passed away on November 29, 2001, after a long battle against lung cancer. The following year, on the anniversary of Harrison's death, Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney and Eric Clapton appeared in a Concert For George, to raise money for the support of Harrison's legacy in exploration of alternative lifestyles, views and philosophies. Starr also supported charitable organizations with consideration to those who have special needs.", "precise_score": -4.81274938583374, "rough_score": -6.898446559906006, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The Beatles had several drummers before Starr joined. Pete Best had been with them for two years, when he was fired after failing the band's audition for George Martin at EMI.", "precise_score": -5.48659610748291, "rough_score": -7.73429012298584, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Two of his biggest solo hits, \"It Don't Come Easy\" and \"Photograph\", featured ex-bandmate George Harrison on guitar and backing vocals.", "precise_score": -5.694500923156738, "rough_score": -7.312193870544434, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "While recording \"Stop and Smell the Roses\" at Cherokee Studios, he was joined by two former members of The Beatles and their wives. John Lennon and Yoko Ono , as well as Paul McCartney and Linda McCartney , came into Cherokee to collaborate with Ringo on the solo album. Ronnie Wood from The Rolling Stones also collaborated, adding guitar, bass, saxophone, keyboards and back-up vocals.", "precise_score": -7.464669704437256, "rough_score": -6.812768936157227, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "‘I Am The Greatest’ was written by John Lennon specifically for Ringo, and it became the lead off track to his self titled 1973 album. The song tells the tale of Ringo up to that point in his life, and as he points out, “I’m only 32, and all I wanna do, is boogaloo.” Bravado well earned, ‘Ringo’ the album became a huge hit, spawning three Top 10 hits, including two that reached No. 1!", "precise_score": -4.0690741539001465, "rough_score": -3.8235931396484375, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Ringo Starr Solo Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Written by songwriter Hoyt Axton, ‘The No No Song’ is very much of its time. Fresh from writing massive hits like ‘Joy To The World’ and ‘Never Been To Spain’ for Three Dog Night, Axton turned his pen to the subject of stimulants. In the sanitized-for-children, PC world of 2013, it might seem odd, or even irresponsible, that a major artist like Ringo would release a record that talks about marijuana, cocaine and alcohol, but in 1974, the public snorted it up, sending it to No. 3. Despite the fact that the hero of the song actually rejects all these substances, that didn’t stop the stoners listening from enjoying the ride.", "precise_score": -7.516086578369141, "rough_score": -7.152917861938477, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Ringo Starr Solo Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "It is worth pointing out that Paul McCartney has appeared on more Number 1s than any other artist under a diverse range of credits. He has, in fact, appeared on 24 Number 1s; solo (1), with Wings (1), Stevie Wonder, The Christians et al (1), Ferry Aid (1), Band Aid (1), Band Aid 20 (1) and The Beatles (17).", "precise_score": -4.532492160797119, "rough_score": -8.631702423095703, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Paul McCartney (24), Elvis Presley (21), John Lennon (20), George Harrison (18), Ringo Starr (16), Cliff Richard (15), Nicky Byrne, Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, Shane Filan (14), Robbie Williams, Madonna (13), Gary Barlow, Brian McFadden (12), Mel C , Geri Halliwell (11), Mel B, Emma Bunton, Howard Donald, Jason Orange, Mark Owen (10).", "precise_score": -5.089763641357422, "rough_score": -6.504439353942871, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Diana Ross, though not individually credited, provided vocals on the Supremes 1964 chart-topper \"Baby Love\". She most recently had a solo no. 1 with \"Chain Reaction\" in 1986 (21 Years, 4 Months, 1 Day - or 1114 weeks - total span).", "precise_score": -4.125972747802734, "rough_score": -6.903824806213379, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "First British act to debut at No. 1 was Robson & Jerome (\"Unchained Melody\" / \"White Cliffs Of Dover\", 1995). First solo male to debut at No. 1 was Babylon Zoo (a name used by British vocalist/multi-instrumentalist, Jas Mann) with \"Spaceman\" (1996). First British female act to make her debut at No. 1 was Billie (\"Because We Want To\", 1998). First all-girl group to make their chart debut at No. 1 was the Irish quartet B*Witched (with \"C'est La Vie\") in 1998. First British all-girl group to make its debut at No. 1 was Girls Aloud (\"Sound Of The Underground\", 2002).", "precise_score": -5.326827526092529, "rough_score": -8.631284713745117, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Special mention must be made here of Stevie Winwood. Though not specifically credited, he hit number 1 with The Spencer Davis Group (\"Somebody Help Me\") in Apr 1966. A barren period then followed before a sample of his solo hit \"Valerie\" formed the basis of Eric Prydz's chart-topper \"Call On Me\" in Sep 2004; an hiatus of 38 years and 5 months between appearances, albeit uncredited, at number 1.", "precise_score": -9.47327709197998, "rough_score": -8.917074203491211, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The fact that these two singles rank among the only non-Beatles, Lennon-McCartney compositions to top the chart—ever—says something about the quirky place the Fab Four’s catalog holds in the American imagination. To be exact, there have been three such No. 1 hits. You may have heard of the guy who recorded the third one, back in the mid-’70s, at a time when he had a penchant for large glasses and feather boas.", "precise_score": -1.4854364395141602, "rough_score": -8.973333358764648, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "According to Guinness, “Yesterday” has been recorded more than 2,200 times at last count. Yet the song’s history on the Hot 100 chart is remarkably scant. Two years after the Beatles single topped the Hot 100, Ray Charles’ 1967 version of “Yesterday” reached a modest No. 25 on the same chart and peaked at No. 9 on the R&B chart . Amazingly, Charles’ 1967 cover remains the only version of “Yesterday” besides the Beatles’ own to successfully breach the U.S. Top 40. One other cover, by ’90s R&B girl group En Vogue , briefly appeared on Billboard’s radio charts in 1992; it reached No. 73 at pop radio, No. 29 at R&B.", "precise_score": -7.271146297454834, "rough_score": -8.777944564819336, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Of course, recording artists have taken on many other Lennon-McCartney songs. A half-dozen Beatles songs have been turned into Top 10 hits by other acts. These include “ You’ve Got to Hide Your Love Away ” by the Silkie (No. 10, 1965); “ The Fool on the Hill ” by Sergio Mendes and Brasil ’66 (No. 6, 1968); “ You Won’t See Me ” by Anne Murray (No. 8, 1974); “ Got to Get You Into My Life ” by Earth, Wind, & Fire (No. 9, 1978); and  “ I Saw [Him] Standing There ” by Tiffany (No. 7, 1988). Two more covers by soul legends made the R&B Top 5 and the pop Top 20: Stevie Wonder’s “ We Can Work It Out ” (No. 13 pop, No. 3 R&B, 1971) and Aretha Franklin’s “ Eleanor Rigby ” (No. 17 pop, No. 5 R&B, 1969). As good as many of these covers are, this is a pretty random assortment of songs; many are album cuts, albeit well-regarded ones . Other renowned Beatles covers did even worse on the U.S. charts. For example, neither of Joe Cocker’s classic singles, “ With a Little Help From My Friends ” and “ She Came in Through the Bathroom Window ,” broke into the Top 30; and two well-known covers of “Come Together,” by Ike and Tina Turner and Aerosmith , missed the Top 20.", "precise_score": -6.8925628662109375, "rough_score": -7.9478840827941895, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Peter and Gordon had not only the songwriting of McCartney on their side but also great timing. That’s because “World” caught Beatlemania during a brief interlude where the band itself had no product. When the Beatles broke in America in early 1964, they dominated the Hot 100 like no artist before or since. One week in April, famously, they held down the entire Top 5 ; at various points that spring they held up to 14 spots on the chart. The week in May that “A World Without Love” debuted on the chart, the Beatles still occupied multiple berths—two slots in the Top 5 that week, and four out of the Top 12.", "precise_score": -8.107589721679688, "rough_score": -6.797804832458496, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and their children, until it was sold to private investors in 1985. The magazine continued to change hands to Affiliated Publications (1987), VNU/Nielsen (1994) and its current owner, Prometheus Global Media (2009). As of 2016, it has been shifting to more of a consumer focus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.072453498840332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "As railroads became more developed, Billboard set up a mail forwarding system for traveling entertainers. The location of an entertainer was tracked in the paper's Routes Ahead column, then Billboard would receive mail on the star's behalf and publish a notice in its \"Letter-Box\" column that it has mail for them. This service was first introduced in 1904. It became one of Billboards largest sources of profit and celebrity connections. By 1914, there were 42,000 people using the service. It was also used as the official address of traveling entertainers for draft letters during World War I. In the 1960s, when it was discontinued, Billboard was still processing 1,500 letters per week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.437176704406738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1920, Donaldson made a then-controversial move by hiring an African-American journalist James Albert Jackson to write a weekly column devoted to African-American performers. According to The Business of Culture: Strategic Perspectives on Entertainment and Media, the column identified discrimination against black performers and helped validate their careers. Jackson was the first black critic at a national magazine with a predominantly white audience. According to his grandson, Donaldson also established a policy against identifying performers by their race. Donaldson died in 1925.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259430885314941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Billboards editorial changed focus as technology in recording and playback developed. It covered \"marvels of modern technology\" like the phonograph, record players and wireless radios. It began covering coin operated entertainment machines in 1899 and created a dedicated section for them called \"Amusement Machines\" in March 1932. Billboard began covering the motion picture industry in 1907, but ended up focusing on music due to competition from Variety. It created a Billboard radio broadcasting station in the 1920s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.972928047180176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The jukebox industry continued to grow through the Great Depression and advertised heavily in Billboard. This led to even more editorial focus on music. The proliferation of the phonograph and radio also contributed to its growing music emphasis. Billboard introduced a \"Record Buying Guide\" in January 1939. In 1940, it introduced \"Chart Line\", which tracks the best-selling records. This was followed by a chart for jukebox records in 1944 called Music BoxMachine charts. By the 1940s, Billboard was more of a music industry specialist publication. The number of charts it published grew after World War II, due to a growing variety of music interests and genres. It had eight charts by 1987, covering different genres and formats, and 28 charts by 1994.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.962564468383789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Over time, the subjects Billboard still covered outside of music were spun-off into separate publications. Funspot magazine was created in 1957 to cover amusement parks and Amusement Business was created in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment. In January 1961, Billboard was renamed to Billboard Music Week to emphasize its new exclusive interest in music. Two years later, it was renamed to just Billboard. According to The New Business Journalism, by 1984, Billboard Publications was a \"prosperous\" conglomerate of trade magazines and Billboard had become the \"undisputed leader\" in music industry news. In the early 1990s, Billboard introduced Billboard Airplay Monitors, a publication for disc jockeys and music programmers. By the end of the 1990s, Billboard dubbed itself the \"bible\" of the recording industry. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.52596664428711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Billboard struggled after its founder William Donaldson died in 1925 and within three years was once again heading towards bankruptcy. Donaldson's son-in-law Roger Littleford took over in 1928 and \"nursed the publication back to health.\" His sons, Bill and Roger, became co-publishers in 1946 and inherited the publication in the late 1970s after Roger Littleford's death. They sold it to private investors in 1985 for an estimated $40 million. The investors cut costs and acquired a trade publication for the Broadway theatre industry called Backstage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.292126655578613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1987, Billboard was sold again to Affiliated Publications for $100 million. Billboard Publications Inc. became a subsidiary of Affiliated Publications called BPI Communications. As BPI Communications, it acquired The Hollywood Reporter, Adweek, Marketing Week and Mediaweek. It purchased Broadcast Data Systems, which is a high-tech firm for tracking music airtime. Private investors from Boston Ventures and BPI executives re-purchased a two-thirds interest in Billboard Publications for $100 million and more acquisitions followed. In 1993, it created a division called Billboard Music Group for music-related publications.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.239860534667969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1994, Billboard Publications was sold to a Dutch media conglomerate, Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen (VNU), for $220 million. VNU acquired the Clio Awards in advertising and the National Research Group in 1997, as well as Editor & Publisher in 1999. In July 2000, it paid $650 million for the publisher Miller Freeman. BPI was combined with other entities in VNU in 2000 to form Bill Communications Inc. By time CEO Gerald Hobbs retired in 2003, VNU had grown substantially larger, but it had a large amount of debt from the acquisitions. An attempted $7 billion acquisition of IMS Health in 2005 prompted protests from shareholders that halted the deal. It eventually agreed to an $11 billion takeover bid from investors in 2006.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.331661224365234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "VNU then changed its name to Nielsen in 2007, the namesake of a company it acquired for $2.5 billion in 1999. New CEO Robert Krakoff divested some of the previously owned publications, restructured the organization, and planned some acquisitions before dying suddenly in 2007 to be replaced by Greg Farrar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348404884338379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Nielsen owned Billboard until 2009, when it was one of eight publications sold to e5 Global Media Holdings. e5 was formed by investment firms Pluribus Capital Management and Guggenheim Partners for the purpose of the acquisition. The following year, the new parent company was renamed to Prometheus Global Media. Three years later, Guggenheim Partners acquired Pluribus' share of Prometheus and became the sole owner of Billboard. In December 2015, Guggenheim Digital Media sold several media brands, including Billboard, to its own executive, Todd Boehly. He formed The Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, which owns both Billboard and The Hollywood Reporter. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.030381202697754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Timothy White was appointed Editor in Chief in 1991, a position he held until his unexpected death in 2002. White wrote a weekly column promoting music with \"artistic merit,\" while criticizing music with violent or misogynistic themes. He reworked the publication's music charts. Rather than rely on data from music retailers, new charts used data from store checkout scanners obtained from Nielsen SoundScan. He also wrote in-depth profiles on musicians. The website, Billboard.com, was launched in 1995. Keith Girard replaced White before being fired in May 2004. He and a female employee filed a $29 million lawsuit alleging Billboard fired them unfairly with an intent to damage their reputations. The lawsuit claimed they experienced sexual harassment, a hostile work environment and a financially motivated lack of editorial integrity. Email evidence suggested human resources were given special instructions to watch minority employees. The case was settled out-of-court in 2006 for a non-disclosed sum. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35091495513916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In the 2000s, economic decline in the music industry dramatically reduced readership and advertising from Billboards traditional audience. Circulation declined from 40,000 in circulation in the 1990s to less than 17,000 by 2014. The publication's staff and ownership were also undergoing frequent changes. In 2005 Billboard expanded its editorial outside the music industry into other areas of digital and mobile entertainment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.809362411499023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Bill Werde was named editorial director in 2008, and was followed by Janice Min in January 2014, who is also responsible for editorial at The Hollywood Reporter. The magazine has since been making changes to make it more of a general interest music news source, as opposed to solely an industry trade. It started covering more celebrity, fashion, and gossip. Min hired Tony Gervino as the publication's editor, which was different than Billboard's historical appointments, in that he did not have a background in the music industry. Tony Gervino was appointed Editor in Chief in April 2014. An article in NPR covered a leaked version of Billboards annual survey, which it said had more gossip and focused on less professional topics than prior surveys. For example, it polled readers on a lawsuit pop-star Kesha filed against her producer alleging sexual abuse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.719366073608398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The scanning project by Google Books, in partnership with major libraries, includes back-issues of Billboard. Aspects of the project were challenged in the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals (Authors Guild vs. Google, et al.; 2005). The upshot is that Google prevailed under the Fair Use doctrine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.992393493652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Billboard.html?id=pBQEAAAAMBAJ 1940–2010] archived online by Google Books", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.994461059570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* [http://www.billboard.com/magazine-archive 2005–2009] archived online by Billboard", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.724344253540039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* [http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Billboard-Magazine.htm 1938–2009] (missing issues), archived by American Radio History (online: ), maintained by David Gleason (né David Frackelton Gleason; born 1946) of La Quinta, California", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.87619400024414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billboard (magazine)" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " 1957–62: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.211023330688477, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "After the Beatles completed their second Hamburg residency, they enjoyed increasing popularity in Liverpool with the growing Merseybeat movement. However, they were also growing tired of the monotony of numerous appearances at the same clubs night after night. In November 1961, during one of the group's frequent performances at the Cavern Club, they encountered Brian Epstein, a local record-store owner and music columnist. He later recalled: \"I immediately liked what I heard. They were fresh, and they were honest, and they had what I thought was a sort of presence ... [a] star quality.\" Epstein courted the band over the next couple of months, and they appointed him as their manager in January 1962. Throughout early and mid-1962, Epstein sought to free the Beatles from their contractual obligations to Bert Kaempfert Productions. He eventually negotiated a one-month-early release from their contract in exchange for one last recording session in Hamburg. Tragedy greeted them on their return to Germany in April, when a distraught Kirchherr met them at the airport with news of Sutcliffe's death the previous day from what would later be determined to have been a brain hemorrhage. Epstein began negotiations with record labels for a recording contract. In order to secure a UK record contract, Epstein negotiated an early end to the band's contract with Polydor, in exchange for more recordings backing Tony Sheridan. After a New Year's Day audition, Decca Records rejected the band with the comment \"Guitar groups are on the way out, Mr. Epstein.\" However, three months later, producer George Martin signed the Beatles to EMI's Parlophone label.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.298032760620117, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 11 February 1963, the Beatles recorded ten songs during a single studio session for their debut LP, Please Please Me. The album was supplemented by the four tracks already released on their first two singles. Martin originally considered recording the Beatles' debut LP live at the Cavern Club, but after deciding that the building's acoustics were inadequate, he elected to simulate a \"live\" album with minimal production in \"a single marathon session at Abbey Road\". After the moderate success of \"Love Me Do\", the single \"Please Please Me\" met with a more emphatic reception. Released in January 1963, two months ahead of the album of the same name, the song reached number one on every chart in London except Record Retailer, where it stalled at number two. Recalling how the Beatles \"rushed to deliver a debut album, bashing out Please Please Me in a day\", AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine comments, \"Decades after its release, the album still sounds fresh, precisely because of its intense origins.\" Lennon said little thought went into composition at the time; he and McCartney were \"just writing songs à la Everly Brothers, à la Buddy Holly, pop songs with no more thought of them than that – to create a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.501197814941406, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In late October, the Beatles began a five-day tour of Sweden, their first time abroad since the final Hamburg engagement of December 1962. On their return to the UK on 31 October, according to Lewisohn, \"several hundred screaming fans\" greeted them in heavy rain at Heathrow Airport. Around 50 to 100 journalists and photographers as well as representatives from the BBC also joined the airport reception, the first of more than 100 such events. The next day, the band began its fourth tour of Britain within nine months, this one scheduled for six weeks. In mid-November, as Beatlemania intensified, police resorted to using high-pressure water hoses to control the crowd before a concert in Plymouth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.603864669799805, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "EMI's American subsidiary, Capitol Records, hindered the Beatles' releases in the United States for more than a year by initially declining to issue their music, including their first three singles. Concurrent negotiations with the independent US label Vee-Jay led to the release of some of the songs in 1963, but not all. Vee-Jay finished preparation for the album Introducing... The Beatles, culled from most of the songs of Parlophone's Please Please Me, but a management shake-up led to the album not being released. Then when it surfaced that the label did not report royalties on their sales, the licence Vee-Jay signed with EMI was voided. A new licence was granted to the Swan label for the single \"She Loves You\", but legal issues with royalties and publishing rights proved an obstacle to the successful marketing of the group in the US. American chart success began after Epstein arranged for a $40,000 US marketing campaign and secured the support of disc jockey Carrol James, who first played the band's records in mid-December 1963. Late that same month, the Beatles were introduced in the Tidewater area of Virginia by Gene Loving of radio station WGH, accompanied by a full marketing campaign, including Beatles shirt giveaways. Within days, almost every other song played on the station was a Beatles recording. It was not until the end of first week of January 1964 that their records were played in New York City (also accompanied by a major marketing campaign and with similar play frequency), and then the rest of the country, initiating their music's spread across US radio. This caused an increase in demand, leading Capitol to rush-release \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" later that month. Issued on 26 December 1963, with the band's previously scheduled debut there just weeks away, \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" sold a million copies, becoming a number-one hit in the US by mid-January. In its wake, Vee-Jay released Introducing... The Beatles to go along with Capitol's debut album, Meet the Beatles!, while Swan reactivated production of \"She Loves You\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.684773445129395, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 7 February 1964, the Beatles left the United Kingdom with an estimated 4000 fans gathered at Heathrow, waving and screaming as the aircraft took off. Upon landing at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport, an uproarious crowd estimated at 3000 greeted them. They gave their first live US television performance two days later on The Ed Sullivan Show, watched by approximately 73 million viewers in over 23 million households, or 34 per cent of the American population. Biographer Jonathan Gould writes that, according to the Nielsen rating service, it was \"the largest audience that had ever been recorded for an American television \". The next morning, the Beatles awoke to a negative critical consensus in the US, but a day later their first US concert saw Beatlemania erupt at Washington Coliseum. Back in New York the following day, the Beatles met with another strong reception during two shows at Carnegie Hall. The band then flew to Florida and appeared on the weekly Ed Sullivan Show a second time, before another 70 million viewers, before returning to the UK on 22 February.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.028886795043945, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Capitol Records' lack of interest throughout 1963 had not gone unnoticed, and a competitor, United Artists Records, encouraged their film division to offer the group a three-motion-picture deal, primarily for the commercial potential of the soundtracks. Directed by Richard Lester, A Hard Day's Night involved the band for six weeks in March–April 1964 as they played themselves in a mock-documentary. The film premiered in London and New York in July and August, respectively, and was an international success, with some critics drawing comparison with the Marx Brothers. According to Erlewine, the accompanying soundtrack album, A Hard Day's Night, saw them \"truly coming into their own as a band. All of the disparate influences on their first two albums had coalesced into a bright, joyous, original sound, filled with ringing guitars and irresistible melodies.\" That \"ringing guitar\" sound was primarily the product of Harrison's 12-string electric Rickenbacker, a prototype given to him by the manufacturer, which made its debut on the record.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.084088325500488, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Touring internationally in June and July, the Beatles staged 37 shows over 27 days in Denmark, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand. In August they returned to the US, with a 30-concert tour of 23 cities. Generating intense interest once again, the month-long tour attracted between 10,000 and 20,000 fans to each 30-minute performance in cities from San Francisco to New York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.697699546813965, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In August, journalist Al Aronowitz arranged for the Beatles to meet Bob Dylan. Visiting the band in their New York hotel suite, Dylan introduced them to cannabis. Gould points out the musical and cultural significance of this meeting, before which the musicians' respective fanbases were \"perceived as inhabiting two separate subcultural worlds\": Dylan's audience of \"college kids with artistic or intellectual leanings, a dawning political and social idealism, and a mildly bohemian style\" contrasted with their fans, \"veritable 'teenyboppers' – kids in high school or grade school whose lives were totally wrapped up in the commercialised popular culture of television, radio, pop records, fan magazines, and teen fashion. They were seen as idolaters, not idealists.\" Within six months of the meeting, Gould writes, \"Lennon would be making records on which he openly imitated Dylan's nasal drone, brittle strum, and introspective vocal persona\". Within a year, Dylan would \"proceed, with the help of a five-piece group and a Fender Stratocaster electric guitar, to shake the monkey of folk authenticity permanently off his back ... the distinctions between the folk and rock audiences would have nearly evaporated [and the group's] audience ... [was] showing signs of growing up.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.6397066116333, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "According to Gould, Beatles for Sale, the Beatles' fourth studio LP, evidenced a growing conflict between the commercial pressures of their global success and their creative ambitions. They had intended the album, recorded between August and October 1964, to continue the format established by A Hard Day's Night which, unlike the group's first two LPs, contained only original songs. The band had nearly exhausted their backlog of songs on the previous album, however, and given the challenges constant international touring posed to their songwriting efforts, Lennon admitted, \"Material's becoming a hell of a problem\". As a result, six covers from their extensive repertoire were chosen to complete the album. Released in early December, its eight original compositions stood out, demonstrating the growing maturity of the Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.804967880249023, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Released in July, the Beatles' second film, Help!, was again directed by Lester. Described as \"mainly a relentless spoof of Bond\", it inspired a mixed response among both reviewers and the band. McCartney said: \"Help! was great but it wasn't our film – we were sort of guest stars. It was fun, but basically, as an idea for a film, it was a bit wrong.\" The soundtrack was dominated by Lennon, who wrote and sang lead on most of its songs, including the two singles: \"Help!\" and \"Ticket to Ride\". The accompanying album, the group's fifth studio LP, contained all original material save for two covers, \"Act Naturally\" and \"Dizzy Miss Lizzy\"; they were the last covers the band would include on an album, with the exception of Let It Be's brief rendition of the traditional Liverpool folk song \"Maggie Mae\". The band expanded their use of vocal overdubs on Help! and incorporated classical instruments into some arrangements, notably a string quartet on the pop ballad \"Yesterday\". Composed by McCartney, \"Yesterday\" would inspire the most recorded cover versions of any song ever written.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.463692665100098, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The group's third US tour opened with a performance before a world-record crowd of 55,600 at New York's Shea Stadium on 15 August 1965 – \"perhaps the most famous of all Beatles' concerts\", in Lewisohn's description. A further nine successful concerts followed in other American cities. At a show in Atlanta, the Beatles gave one of the first live performances ever to make use of a foldback system of on-stage monitor speakers. Towards the end of the tour, they met with Elvis Presley, a foundational musical influence on the band, who invited them to his home in Beverly Hills. September saw the launch of an American Saturday-morning cartoon series, The Beatles, that echoed A Hard Day's Night slapstick antics over its two-year original run. The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real, living people. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.813032150268555, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Among the experimental songs that Revolver featured was \"Tomorrow Never Knows\", the lyrics for which Lennon drew from Timothy Leary's The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Its creation involved eight tape decks distributed about the EMI building, each staffed by an engineer or band member, who randomly varied the movement of a tape loop while Martin created a composite recording by sampling the incoming data. McCartney's \"Eleanor Rigby\" made prominent use of a string octet; Gould describes it as \"a true hybrid, conforming to no recognisable style or genre of song\". Harrison was developing as a songwriter, and three of his compositions earned a place on the record. In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked Revolver as the third greatest album of all time. During the US tour that followed its release, however, the band performed none of its songs. As Chris Ingham writes, they were very much \"studio creations ... and there was no way a four-piece rock 'n' roll group could do them justice, particularly through the desensitising wall of the fans' screams. 'Live Beatles' and 'Studio Beatles' had become entirely different beasts.\" The band's final concert at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on 29 August was their last commercial concert. It marked the end of a four-year period dominated by almost nonstop touring that included over 1,400 concert appearances internationally.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.021580696105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Sgt. Pepper was the first major pop/rock LP to include its complete lyrics, which appeared on the back cover. Those lyrics were the subject of critical analysis; for instance, in late 1967 the album was the subject of a scholarly inquiry by American literary critic and professor of English Richard Poirier, who observed that his students were \"listening to the group's music with a degree of engagement that he, as a teacher of literature, could only envy\". Poirier identified what he termed its \"mixed allusiveness\": \"It's unwise ever to assume that they're doing only one thing or expressing themselves in only one style ... one kind of feeling about a subject isn't enough ... any single induced feeling must often exist within the context of seemingly contradictory alternatives.\" McCartney said at the time: \"We write songs. We know what we mean by them. But in a week someone else says something about it, and you can't deny it. ... You put your own meaning at your own level to our songs.\" In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked it number one on its list of the \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.901348114013672, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 25 June 1967, the Beatles performed their forthcoming single, \"All You Need Is Love\", to an estimated 350 million viewers on Our World, the first live global television link. Released a week later, during the Summer of Love, the song was adopted as a flower power anthem. Two months later, the group suffered a loss that threw their career into turmoil. Having been introduced to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi only the previous night in London, on 25 August they travelled to Bangor for his Transcendental Meditation retreat. Two days later, their manager's assistant, Peter Brown, phoned to inform them that Epstein had died. The coroner ruled the death an accidental carbitol overdose, although it was widely rumoured to be a suicide. Epstein had been in a fragile emotional state, stressed by personal issues and concern that the band might not renew his management contract, due to expire in October, over discontent with his supervision of business matters, particularly regarding Seltaeb, the company that handled their US merchandising rights. His death left the group disoriented and fearful about the future. Lennon recalled: \"We collapsed. I knew that we were in trouble then. I didn't really have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music, and I was scared. I thought, 'We've had it now.'\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.951504707336426, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Magical Mystery Tour, the soundtrack to a forthcoming Beatles television film, was released in the UK as a six-track double extended play disc (EP) in early December 1967. In the United States, the six songs were issued on an identically titled LP that also included five tracks from the band's recent singles. Unterberger says of the US Magical Mystery Tour, \"the psychedelic sound is very much in the vein of Sgt. Pepper, and even spacier in parts (especially the sound collages of 'I Am the Walrus')\" and he calls its five songs culled from the band's 1967 singles \"huge, glorious, and innovative\". In its first three weeks, the album set a record for the highest initial sales of any Capitol LP, and it is the only Capitol compilation later to be adopted in the band's official canon of studio albums. First aired on Boxing Day, the Magical Mystery Tour film, largely directed by McCartney, brought the group their first major negative UK press. It was dismissed as \"blatant rubbish\" by the Daily Express; the Daily Mail called it \"a colossal conceit\"; and The Guardian labelled the film \"a kind of fantasy morality play about the grossness and warmth and stupidity of the audience\". Gould describes it as \"a great deal of raw footage showing a group of people getting on, getting off, and riding on a bus\". Although the viewership figures were respectable, its slating in the press led US television networks to lose interest in broadcasting the film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.859516143798828, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In the interim came The Beatles, a double LP commonly known as the White Album for its virtually featureless cover. Creative inspiration for the album came from a new direction: without Epstein's guiding presence, the group had briefly turned to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi as their guru. At his ashram in Rishikesh, India, a \"Guide Course\" scheduled for three months marked one of their most prolific periods, yielding numerous songs including a majority of the 30 included on the album. However, Starr left after only ten days, likening it to Butlins, and McCartney eventually grew bored and departed a month later. For Lennon and Harrison, creativity turned to questioning when an electronics technician known as Magic Alex suggested that the Maharishi was attempting to manipulate them. When he alleged that the Maharishi had made sexual advances to women attendees, a persuaded Lennon left abruptly just two months into the course, bringing an unconvinced Harrison and the remainder of the group's entourage with him. In anger, Lennon wrote a scathing song titled \"Maharishi\", renamed \"Sexy Sadie\" to avoid potential legal issues. McCartney said, \"We made a mistake. We thought there was more to him than there was.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.34963607788086, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Issued in November, the White Album was the band's first Apple Records album release, although EMI continued to own their recordings. The new label was a subsidiary of Apple Corps, which Epstein had formed as part of his plan to create a tax-effective business structure. The record attracted more than 2 million advance orders, selling nearly 4 million copies in the US in little over a month, and its tracks dominated the playlists of American radio stations. Despite its popularity, it did not receive flattering reviews at the time. According to Gould:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.648980140686035, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "New strains developed between the band members regarding the appointment of a financial adviser, the need for which had become evident without Epstein to manage business affairs. Lennon, Harrison and Starr favoured Allen Klein, who had managed the Rolling Stones and Sam Cooke; McCartney wanted Lee and John Eastman – father and brother, respectively, of Linda Eastman, whom McCartney married on 12 March. Agreement could not be reached, so both Klein and the Eastmans were temporarily appointed: Klein as the Beatles' business manager and the Eastmans as their lawyers. Further conflict ensued, however, and financial opportunities were lost. On 8 May, Klein was named sole manager of the band, the Eastmans having previously been dismissed as the Beatles' attorneys. McCartney refused to sign the management contract with Klein, but he was out-voted by the other Beatles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.402656555175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 8 May, the Spector-produced Let It Be was released. Its accompanying single, \"The Long and Winding Road\", was the Beatles' last; it was released in the United States, but not Britain. The Let It Be documentary film followed later that month, and would win the 1970 Academy Award for Best Original Song Score. Sunday Telegraph critic Penelope Gilliatt called it \"a very bad film and a touching one ... about the breaking apart of this reassuring, geometrically perfect, once apparently ageless family of siblings\". Several reviewers stated that some of the performances in the film sounded better than their analogous album tracks. Describing Let It Be as the \"only Beatles album to occasion negative, even hostile reviews\", Unterberger calls it \"on the whole underrated\"; he singles out \"some good moments of straight hard rock in 'I've Got a Feeling' and 'Dig a Pony'\", and praises \"Let It Be\", \"Get Back\", and \"the folky 'Two of Us', with John and Paul harmonising together\". McCartney filed suit for the dissolution of the Beatles' contractual partnership on 31 December 1970. Legal disputes continued long after their break-up, and the dissolution was not formalised until 29 December 1974.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.511215209960938, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "When the Beatles' studio albums were released on CD by EMI and Apple Corps in 1987, their catalogue was standardised throughout the world, establishing a canon of the twelve original studio LPs as issued in the UK plus the US LP version of Magical Mystery Tour (1967). All the remaining material from the singles and EPs which had not appeared on the original studio albums was gathered on the two-volume compilation Past Masters (1988). Except for the Red and Blue albums, EMI deleted all its other Beatles compilations – including the Hollywood Bowl record – from its catalogue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.549182891845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "During 1995–96, the project yielded a television miniseries, an eight-volume video set, and three two-CD/three-LP box sets featuring artwork by Klaus Voormann. The two songs based on Lennon demos, \"Free as a Bird\" and \"Real Love\", were issued as new Beatles singles. The releases were commercially successful and the television series was viewed by an estimated 400 million people. In 1999, to coincide with the re-release of the 1968 film Yellow Submarine, a new soundtrack compilation CD/LP, Yellow Submarine Songtrack, was issued.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.21403694152832, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2000s ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400431632995605, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The Beatles' 1, a compilation album of the band's British and American number-one hits, was released on 13 November 2000. It became the fastest-selling album of all time, with 3.6 million sold in its first week and 13 million within a month. It topped albums charts in at least 28 countries, including the UK and US. , the compilation had sold 31 million copies globally, and was the best-selling album of the decade in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.79983139038086, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2003, Let It Be... Naked, a reconceived version of the Let It Be album, with McCartney supervising production, was released. One of the main differences with the Spector-produced version was the omission of the original string arrangements. It was a top ten hit in both Britain and America. The US album configurations from 1964–65 were released as box sets in 2004 and 2006 – The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 and Volume 2 included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of the music's original American release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.026470184326172, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2010s ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.287445068359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Owing to a long-running royalty disagreement, the Beatles were among the last major artists to sign deals with online music services. Residual disagreement emanating from Apple Corps' dispute with Apple, Inc., iTunes' owners, over the use of the name \"Apple\" was also partly responsible for the delay, although in 2008, McCartney stated that the main obstacle to making the Beatles' catalogue available online was that EMI \"want[s] something we're not prepared to give them\". In 2010, the official canon of thirteen Beatles studio albums, Past Masters, and the Red and Blue greatest-hits albums were made available on iTunes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.69514274597168, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2012, EMI's recorded music operations were sold to Universal Music Group. In order for Universal Music to acquire EMI, the European Union, for antitrust reasons, forced EMI to spin off assets including Parlophone. Universal was allowed to keep the Beatles' recorded music catalogue, managed by Capitol Records under its Capitol Music Group division. Also in 2012, the entire original Beatles album catalogue was reissued on vinyl, available either individually or as a box set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61843490600586, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2013, a second volume of BBC recordings entitled On Air – Live at the BBC Volume 2 was released. December of that year saw the release of another 59 Beatles recordings on iTunes. The set, titled The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963, had the opportunity to gain a 70-year copyright extension conditional on the songs being published at least once before the end of 2013. Apple Records released the recordings on 17 December to prevent them from going into the public domain and had them taken down from iTunes later that same day. Fan reactions to the release were mixed, with one blogger saying \"the hardcore Beatles collectors who are trying to obtain everything will already have these.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.76562213897705, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In December 2015 the Beatles released their catalogue for streaming on various streaming music services. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290670394897461, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The band's earliest influences include Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Little Richard and Chuck Berry. During the Beatles' co-residency with Little Richard at the Star-Club in Hamburg, from April to May 1962, he advised them on the proper technique for performing his songs. Of Presley, Lennon said, \"Nothing really affected me until I heard Elvis. If there hadn't been Elvis, there would not have been the Beatles.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.1469087600708, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The band's stylistic range expanded in another direction with their 1966 B-side \"Rain\", described by Martin Strong as \"the first overtly psychedelic Beatles record\". Other psychedelic numbers followed, such as \"Tomorrow Never Knows\" (recorded before \"Rain\"), \"Strawberry Fields Forever\", \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\" and \"I Am the Walrus\". The influence of Indian classical music was evident in Harrison's \"The Inner Light\", \"Love You To\" and \"Within You Without You\" – Gould describes the latter two as attempts \"to replicate the raga form in miniature\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.634787559509277, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Author Dominic Pedler describes the way they crossed musical styles: \"Far from moving sequentially from one genre to another (as is sometimes conveniently suggested) the group maintained in parallel their mastery of the traditional, catchy chart hit while simultaneously forging rock and dabbling with a wide range of peripheral influences from country to vaudeville. One of these threads was their take on folk music, which would form such essential groundwork for their later collisions with Indian music and philosophy.\" As the personal relationships between the band members grew increasingly strained, their individual tastes became more apparent. The minimalistic cover artwork for the White Album contrasted with the complexity and diversity of its music, which encompassed Lennon's \"Revolution 9\", whose musique concrète approach was influenced by Yoko Ono; Starr's country song \"Don't Pass Me By\"; Harrison's rock ballad \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"; and the \"proto-metal roar\" of McCartney's \"Helter Skelter\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.208303451538086, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Collaborating with Lennon and McCartney required Martin to adapt to their different approaches to songwriting and recording. MacDonald comments, \"while [he] worked more naturally with the conventionally articulate McCartney, the challenge of catering to Lennon's intuitive approach generally spurred him to his more original arrangements, of which 'Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!' is an outstanding example.\" Martin said of the two composers' distinct songwriting styles and his own stabilising influence:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.938232421875, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Former Rolling Stone associate editor Robert Greenfield compared the Beatles to Picasso, as \"artists who broke through the constraints of their time period to come up with something that was unique and original ... [I]n the form of popular music, no one will ever be more revolutionary, more creative and more distinctive ...\" The British poet Philip Larkin described their work as \"an enchanting and intoxicating hybrid of Negro rock-and-roĺl with their own adolescent romanticism\", and \"the first advance in popular music since the War\". They not only sparked the British Invasion of the US, they became a globally influential phenomenon as well. From the 1920s, the United States had dominated popular entertainment culture throughout much of the world, via Hollywood movies, jazz, the music of Broadway and Tin Pan Alley and, later, the rock and roll that first emerged in Memphis, Tennessee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.710503578186035, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Pete Best – drums, vocals (1960–1962)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03854751586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391393661499023, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Period = from:01/01/1960 till:01/12/1970", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18748664855957, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:John from:27/03/1960 till:21/09/1969 color:rguitar ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.156747817993164, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:John from:27/03/1960 till:21/09/1969 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168813705444336, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Paul from:27/03/1960 till:14/07/1960 color:rguitar ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.193546295166016, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Paul from:27/03/1960 till:14/07/1960 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206912994384766, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Paul from:15/07/1960 till:12/08/1960 color:drums", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025581359863281, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Paul from:12/08/1960 till:31/03/1961 color:rguitar ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.133173942565918, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Paul from:12/08/1960 till:10/04/1970 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.178704261779785, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Paul from:02/07/1961 till:10/04/1970 color:bass", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198357582092285, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:George from:27/03/1960 till:10/01/1969 color:lguitar ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165872573852539, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:George from:27/03/1960 till:10/01/1969 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.17166805267334, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:George from:21/01/1969 till:10/04/1970 color:lguitar ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143442153930664, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:George from:21/01/1969 till:10/04/1970 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14033317565918, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Norman from:25/06/1960 till:14/07/1960 color:drums", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.058770179748535, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Best from:12/08/1960 till:17/08/1962 color:drums", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.006165504455566, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Best from:12/08/1960 till:17/08/1962 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.160215377807617, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Stu from:27/03/1960 till:01/12/1960 color:bass", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.15916633605957, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Stu from:12/08/1960 till:01/12/1960 color:voc width:3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2073335647583, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " bar:Chas from:17/12/1960 till:15/01/1961 color:bass", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.130322456359863, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " at:22/03/1963", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.651161193847656, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " at:22/11/1963", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.308880805969238, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " at:26/06/1964", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.411277770996094, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " at:04/12/1964", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.573088645935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " at:03/12/1965", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.391438484191895, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " at:22/11/1968", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.25658130645752, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": " at:26/09/1969", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.473788261413574, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Through 1969, the Beatles' catalogue was published almost exclusively by Northern Songs Ltd., a company formed in February 1963 by music publisher Dick James specifically for Lennon and McCartney, though it later acquired songs by other artists. The company was organised with James and his partner, Emmanuel Silver, owning a controlling interest, variously described as 51% or 50% plus one share. McCartney had 20%. Reports again vary concerning Lennon's portion – 19 or 20% – and Brian Epstein's – 9 or 10% – which he received in lieu of a 25% band management fee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.587150573730469, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1981, financial losses by ATV's parent company, ACC, led it to attempt to sell its music division. According to authors Brian Southall and Rupert Perry, Grade contacted McCartney, offering ATV Music and Northern Songs for $30 million. According to an account McCartney gave in 1995, he met with Grade and explained he was interested solely in the Northern Songs catalogue, if Grade were ever willing to \"separate off\" that portion of ATV Music. Soon afterwards, Grade offered to sell him Northern Songs for £20 million, giving the ex-Beatle \"a week or so\" to decide. By McCartney's account, he and Ono countered with a £5 million bid that was rejected. According to reports at the time, Grade refused to separate Northern Songs, and turned down an offer of £21–25 million from McCartney and Ono for ATV Music. In 1982, ACC as a whole was sold to Australian business magnate Robert Holmes à Court for £60 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.456010818481445, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Three years later, Michael Jackson purchased ATV for a reported $47.5 million. The acquisition gave him control over the publishing rights to more than 200 Beatles songs, as well as 40,000 other copyrights. In 1995, in a deal that earned him a reported $110 million, Jackson merged his music publishing business with Sony, creating a new company, Sony/ATV Music Publishing, in which he held a 50% stake. The merger made the new company, then valued at over half a billion dollars, the third largest music publisher in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.940211296081543, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Despite the lack of publishing rights to most of their songs, Lennon's estate and McCartney continue to receive their respective shares of the writers' royalties, which together are 33⅓% of total commercial proceeds in the US and which vary elsewhere around the world between 50 and 55%. Two of Lennon and McCartney's earliest songs – \"Love Me Do\" and \"P.S. I Love You\" – were published by an EMI subsidiary, Ardmore & Beechwood, before they signed with James. McCartney acquired their publishing rights from Ardmore in the mid-1980s, and they are the only two Beatles songs owned by McCartney's company MPL Communications.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.460419654846191, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beatles" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "At age six Starkey developed appendicitis. Following a routine appendectomy he contracted peritonitis, causing him to fall into a coma that lasted for days. His recovery spanned twelve months, which he spent away from his family at Liverpool's Myrtle Street children's hospital. Upon his discharge in May 1948, his mother allowed him to stay home, causing him to miss school. At age eight, he remained illiterate, with a poor grasp of mathematics. His lack of education contributed to a feeling of alienation at school, which resulted in him regularly playing truant at Sefton Park. After several years of twice-weekly tutoring from his surrogate sister and neighbour, Marie Maguire Crawford, Starkey had nearly caught up to his peers academically, but in 1953, he contracted tuberculosis and was admitted to a sanatorium, where he remained for two years. During his stay the medical staff made an effort to stimulate motor activity and relieve boredom by encouraging their patients to join the hospital band, leading to his first exposure to a percussion instrument: a makeshift mallet made from a cotton bobbin that he used to strike the cabinets next to his bed. Soon afterwards, he grew increasingly interested in drumming, receiving a copy of the Alyn Ainsworth song \"Bedtime for Drums\" as a convalescence gift from Crawford. Starkey commented: \"I was in the hospital band ... That's where I really started playing. I never wanted anything else from there on ... My grandparents gave me a mandolin and a banjo, but I didn't want them. My grandfather gave me a harmonica ... we had a piano – nothing. Only the drums.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.946008682250977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "After his return home from the sanatorium in late 1955, Starkey entered the workforce but was lacking in motivation and discipline; his initial attempts at gainful employment proved unsuccessful. In an effort to secure himself some warm clothes, he briefly held a railway worker's job, which came with an employer-issued suit. He was supplied with a hat but no uniform and, unable to pass the physical examination, he was laid off and granted unemployment benefits. He then found work as a waiter serving drinks on a day boat that travelled from Liverpool to North Wales, but his fear of conscription into military service led him to quit the job, not wanting to give the Royal Navy the impression that he was suitable for seafaring work. In mid-1956, Graves secured Starkey a position as an apprentice machinist at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer. While working at the facility Starkey befriended Roy Trafford, and the two bonded over their shared interest in music. Trafford introduced Starkey to skiffle, and he quickly became a fervent admirer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255820274353027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Soon after Trafford piqued Starkey's interest in skiffle, the two began rehearsing songs in the manufacturing plant's cellar during their lunch breaks. Trafford recalled: \"I played a guitar, and [Ritchie] just made a noise on a box ... Sometimes, he just slapped a biscuit tin with some keys, or banged on the backs of chairs.\" The pair were joined by Starkey's neighbour and co-worker, the guitarist Eddie Miles, forming the Eddie Miles Band, later renamed Eddie Clayton and the Clayton Squares after a Liverpool landmark. The band performed popular skiffle songs such as \"Rock Island Line\" and \"Walking Cane\", with Starkey raking a thimble across a washboard, creating primitive, driving rhythms. Starkey enjoyed dancing as his parents had years earlier, and he and Trafford briefly took dance lessons at two schools. Though the lessons were short-lived, they provided Starkey and Trafford with an introduction that allowed them to dance competently while enjoying nights out on the town.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.906432151794434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "1962–70: The Beatles ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.784866333007812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Despite a temporary return to congenial relations during the completion of the White Album, production of the Beatles' fourth feature film, Let It Be, and its accompanying LP, strained the already tenuous cohesion within the band. On 20 August 1969, the Beatles gathered for the final time at Abbey Road Studios for a mixing session for \"I Want You\". Following a business meeting on 20 September, Lennon told the others that he had quit the Beatles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.422560691833496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2000s ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400431632995605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr served as an honorary Santa Tracker and voice-over personality in 2003 and 2004 during the London stop in Father Christmas's annual Christmas Eve journey, as depicted in the annual NORAD tracks Santa program. According to NORAD officials, he was \"a Starr in the east\" who helped guide North American Aerospace Defense Command's Santa-tracking tradition. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.402198791503906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2010s ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.287445068359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Time Takes Time (1992)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441669464111328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Choose Love (2005)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421524047851562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Liverpool 8 (2008)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.923357009887695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Y Not (2010)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308832168579102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Postcards from Paradise (2015)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.378482818603516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*Postcards From the Boys (2004)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404875755310059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*Octopus's Garden (2014)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42739486694336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*Photograph (2015)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376818656921387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ringo Starr" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia (née Stanley) and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent, who was away at the time of his son's birth. His parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John \"Jack\" Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. His father was often away from home but sent regular pay cheques to 9Newcastle Road, Liverpool, where Lennon lived with his mother; the cheques stopped when he went absent without leave in February 1944. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, but Julia—by then pregnant with another man's child—rejected the idea. After her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpool's Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennon's father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, secretly intending to emigrate to New Zealand with him. Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, 'Bobby' Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.865381240844727, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own, at Mendips, 251Menlove Avenue, Woolton. His aunt purchased volumes of short stories for him, and his uncle, a dairyman at his family's farm, bought him a mouth organ and engaged him in solving puzzles. Julia visited Mendips on a regular basis, and when John was 11 years old he often visited her at 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool, where she played him Elvis Presley records, taught him the banjo, and showed him how to play \"Ain't That a Shame\" by Fats Domino. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.896888732910156, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "He regularly visited his cousin, Stanley Parkes, who lived in Fleetwood. Seven years Lennon's senior, Parkes took him on trips and to local cinemas. During the school holidays, Parkes often visited Lennon with Leila Harvey, another cousin, often travelling to Blackpool two or three times a week to watch shows. They would visit the Blackpool Tower Circus and see artists such as Dickie Valentine, Arthur Askey, Max Bygraves and Joe Loss, with Parkes recalling that Lennon particularly liked George Formby. After Parkes's family moved to Scotland, the three cousins often spent their school holidays together there. Parkes recalled, \"John, cousin Leila and I were very close. From Edinburgh we would drive up to the family croft at Durness, which was from about the time John was nine years old until he was about 16.\" He was 14 years old when his uncle George died of a liver haemorrhage on 5 June 1955 (aged 52).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.122475624084473, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Lennon was raised as an Anglican and attended Dovedale Primary School. From September 1952 to 1957, after passing his Eleven-Plus exam, he attended Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool, and was described by Harvey at the time as, \"A happy-go-lucky, good-humoured, easy going, lively lad.\" He often drew comical cartoons which appeared in his own self-made school magazine called The Daily Howl, but despite his artistic talent, his school reports were damning: \"Certainly on the road to failure ... hopeless ... rather a clown in class ... wasting other pupils' time.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11369800567627, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney says that Aunt Mimi \"was very aware that John's friends were lower class\", and would often patronise him when he arrived to visit Lennon. According to Paul's brother Mike, McCartney's father was also disapproving, declaring Lennon would get his son \"into trouble\", although he later allowed the fledgling band to rehearse in the McCartneys' front room at 20Forthlin Road. During this time, the 18-year-old Lennon wrote his first song, \"Hello Little Girl\", a UK top 10 hit for The Fourmost nearly five years later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.876008033752441, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney suggested his friend George Harrison as the lead guitarist. Lennon thought Harrison (then 14 years old) was too young. McCartney engineered an audition on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, where Harrison played \"Raunchy\" for Lennon and was asked to join. Stuart Sutcliffe, Lennon's friend from art school, later joined as bassist. Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Sutcliffe became \"The Beatles\" in early 1960. In August that year, the Beatles engaged for a 48-night residency in Hamburg, Germany, and desperately in need of a drummer, asked Pete Best to join them. Lennon was now 19, and his aunt, horrified when he told her about the trip, pleaded with him to continue his art studies instead. After the first Hamburg residency, the band accepted another in April 1961, and a third in April 1962. Like the other band members, Lennon was introduced to Preludin while in Hamburg, and regularly took the drug, as well as amphetamines, as a stimulant during their long, overnight performances.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.891243934631348, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The Beatles achieved mainstream success in the UK during the beginning of 1963. Lennon was on tour when his first son, Julian, was born in April. During their Royal Variety Show performance, attended by the Queen Mother and other British royalty, Lennon poked fun at his audience: \"For our next song, I'd like to ask for your help. For the people in the cheaper seats, clap your hands... and the rest of you, if you'll just rattle your jewellery.\" After a year of Beatlemania in the UK, the group's historic February 1964 US debut appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show marked their breakthrough to international stardom. A two-year period of constant touring, moviemaking, and songwriting followed, during which Lennon wrote two books, In His Own Write and A Spaniard in the Works. The Beatles received recognition from the British Establishment when they were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.333368301391602, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Deprived of the routine of live performances after their final commercial concert on 29 August 1966, Lennon felt lost and considered leaving the band. Since his involuntary introduction to LSD, he had made increasing use of the drug, and was almost constantly under its influence for much of 1967. According to biographer Ian MacDonald, Lennon's continuous experience with LSD during the year brought him \"close to erasing his identity\". 1967 saw the release of \"Strawberry Fields Forever\", hailed by Time magazine for its \"astonishing inventiveness\", and the group's landmark album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, which revealed Lennon's lyrics contrasting strongly with the simple love songs of the Lennon–McCartney's early years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.549705505371094, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "At the end of 1968, Lennon was featured in the film The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus (not released until 1996) in the role of a Dirty Mac band member. The supergroup, composed of Lennon, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards and Mitch Mitchell, also backed a vocal performance by Ono in the film. Lennon and Ono were married on 20 March 1969, and soon released a series of 14 lithographs called \"Bag One\" depicting scenes from their honeymoon, eight of which were deemed indecent and most of which were banned and confiscated. Lennon's creative focus continued to move beyond the Beatles and between 1968 and 1969 he and Ono recorded three albums of experimental music together: Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins (known more for its cover than for its music), Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions and Wedding Album. In 1969, they formed the Plastic Ono Band, releasing Live Peace in Toronto 1969. Between 1969 and 1970, Lennon released the singles \"Give Peace a Chance\" (widely adopted as an anti-Vietnam-War anthem in 1969), \"Cold Turkey\" (documenting his withdrawal symptoms after he became addicted to heroin) and \"Instant Karma!\" In protest at Britain's involvement in the Nigerian Civil War, its support of America in the Vietnam war and (perhaps jokingly) against \"Cold Turkey\" slipping down the charts, Lennon returned his MBE medal to the Queen, though this had no effect on his MBE status, which could not be renounced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.666897773742676, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "197072: Initial solo success and activism", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.753976821899414, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1970, Lennon and Ono went through primal therapy with Arthur Janov in Los Angeles, California. Designed to release emotional pain from early childhood, the therapy entailed two half-days a week with Janov for four months; he had wanted to treat the couple for longer, but they felt no need to continue and returned to London. Lennon's emotional debut solo album, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970), was received with high praise. Critic Greil Marcus remarked, \"John's singing in the last verse of 'God' may be the finest in all of rock.\" The album featured the songs \"Mother\", in which Lennon confronted his feelings of childhood rejection, and the Dylanesque \"Working Class Hero\", a bitter attack against the bourgeois social system which, due to the lyric \"you're still fucking peasants\", fell foul of broadcasters. The same year, Tariq Ali's revolutionary political views, expressed when he interviewed Lennon, inspired the singer to write \"Power to the People\". Lennon also became involved with Ali during a protest against Oz magazine's prosecution for alleged obscenity. Lennon denounced the proceedings as \"disgusting fascism\", and he and Ono (as Elastic Oz Band) released the single \"God Save Us/Do the Oz\" and joined marches in support of the magazine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.973160743713379, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Lennon and Ono moved to New York in August 1971, and in December released \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\". The new year saw the Nixon administration take what it called a \"strategic counter-measure\" against Lennon's anti-war and anti-Nixon propaganda, embarking on what would be a four-year attempt to deport him. In 1972, Lennon and Ono attended a post-election wake held in the New York home of activist Jerry Rubin after McGovern lost to Nixon. Embroiled in a continuing legal battle with the immigration authorities, Lennon was denied permanent residency in the US (which wouldn't be resolved until 1976). Depressed, Lennon got intoxicated and had sex with a female guest, leaving Ono embarrassed. Her song \"Death of Samantha\" was inspired by the incident. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.845413208007812, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Recorded as a collaboration with Ono and with backing from the New York band Elephant's Memory, Some Time in New York City was released in 1972. Containing songs about women's rights, race relations, Britain's role in Northern Ireland and Lennon's problems obtaining a green card, the album was poorly received—unlistenable, according to one critic. \"Woman Is the Nigger of the World\", released as a US single from the album the same year, was televised on 11 May, on The Dick Cavett Show. Many radio stations refused to broadcast the song because of the word \"nigger\". Lennon and Ono gave two benefit concerts with Elephant's Memory and guests in New York in aid of patients at the Willowbrook State School mental facility. Staged at Madison Square Garden on 30 August 1972, they were his last full-length concert appearances.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.655776977539062, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In early 1974, Lennon was drinking heavily and his alcohol-fuelled antics with Harry Nilsson made headlines. Two widely publicised incidents occurred at The Troubadour club in March, the first when Lennon placed a menstrual pad on his forehead and scuffled with a waitress, and the second, two weeks later, when Lennon and Nilsson were ejected from the same club after heckling the Smothers Brothers. Lennon decided to produce Nilsson's album Pussy Cats and Pang rented a Los Angeles beach house for all the musicians but after a month of further debauchery, with the recording sessions in chaos, Lennon moved to New York with Pang to finish work on the album. In April, Lennon had produced the Mick Jagger song \"Too Many Cooks (Spoil the Soup)\" which was, for contractual reasons, to remain unreleased for more than 30 years. Pang supplied the recording for its eventual inclusion on The Very Best of Mick Jagger (2007). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.468195915222168, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Lennon co-wrote \"Fame\", David Bowie's first US number one, and provided guitar and backing vocals for the January 1975 recording. The same month, Elton John topped the charts with his cover of \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\", featuring Lennon on guitar and back-up vocals (Lennon is credited on the single under the moniker of \"Dr. Winston O'Boogie\"). He and Ono were reunited shortly afterwards. Lennon released Rock 'n' Roll (1975), an album of cover songs, in February. \"Stand by Me\", taken from the album and a US and UK hit, became his last single for five years. He made what would be his final stage appearance in the ATV special A Salute to Lew Grade, recorded on 18 April and televised in June. Playing acoustic guitar and backed by an eight-piece band, Lennon performed two songs from Rock 'n' Roll (\"Stand by Me\", which was not broadcast, and \"Slippin' and Slidin'\") followed by \"Imagine\". The band, known as Etc., wore masks behind their heads, a dig by Lennon who thought Grade was two-faced. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.232211112976074, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Ono issued a statement the next day, saying \"There is no funeral for John\", ending it with the words, \"John loved and prayed for the human race. Please pray the same for him.\" His body was cremated at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Ono scattered his ashes in New York's Central Park, where the Strawberry Fields memorial was later created. Chapman pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 20-years-to-life. , he remains in prison, having been denied parole eight times. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.014592170715332, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Lennon and Cynthia Powell (19392015) met in 1957 as fellow students at the Liverpool College of Art. Although being scared of Lennon's attitude and appearance, she heard that he was obsessed with French actress Brigitte Bardot, so she dyed her hair blonde. Lennon asked her out, but when she said that she was engaged, he screamed out, \"I didn't ask you to fuckin' marry me, did I?\" She often accompanied him to Quarrymen gigs and travelled to Hamburg with McCartney's girlfriend at the time to visit him. Lennon, jealous by nature, eventually grew possessive and often terrified Powell with his anger and physical violence. Lennon later said that until he met Ono, he had never questioned his chauvinistic attitude to women. The Beatles song \"Getting Better\", he said, told his own story, \"I used to be cruel to my woman, and physically—any woman. I was a hitter. I couldn't express myself and I hit. I fought men and I hit women. That is why I am always on about peace\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.887086868286133, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Recalling his reaction in July 1962 on learning that Cynthia was pregnant, Lennon said, \"There's only one thing for it Cyn. We'll have to get married.\" The couple were married on 23 August at the Mount Pleasant Register Office in Liverpool. His marriage began just as Beatlemania took hold across the UK. He performed on the evening of his wedding day, and would continue to do so almost daily from then on. Epstein, fearing that fans would be alienated by the idea of a married Beatle, asked the Lennons to keep their marriage secret. Julian was born on 8 April 1963; Lennon was on tour at the time and did not see his son until three days later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.317704200744629, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Cynthia attributed the start of the marriage breakdown to LSD, and as a result, she felt that he slowly lost interest in her. When the group travelled by train to Bangor, Wales, in 1967, for the Maharishi Yogi's Transcendental Meditation seminar, a policeman did not recognise her and stopped her from boarding. She later recalled how the incident seemed to symbolise the ending of their marriage. After arriving home at Kenwood, and finding Lennon with Ono, Cynthia left the house to stay with friends. Alexis Mardas later claimed to have slept with her that night, and a few weeks later he informed her that Lennon was seeking a divorce and custody of Julian on grounds of her adultery with him. After negotiations, Lennon capitulated and agreed to her divorcing him on the same grounds. The case was settled out of court in November 1968, with Lennon giving her £100,000 ($240,000 in US dollars at the time), a small annual payment and custody of Julian.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.909037590026855, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The Beatles were performing at Liverpool's Cavern Club in November 1961, when they were introduced to Epstein after a midday concert. Epstein was homosexual. According to biographer Philip Norman, one of his reasons for wanting to manage the group was that he was physically attracted to Lennon. Almost as soon as Julian was born, Lennon went on holiday to Spain with Epstein, leading to speculation about their relationship. Questioned about it later, Lennon said, \"Well, it was almost a love affair, but not quite. It was never consummated. But it was a pretty intense relationship. It was my first experience with a homosexual that I was conscious was homosexual. We used to sit in a café in Torremolinos looking at all the boys and I'd say, 'Do you like that one? Do you like this one?' I was rather enjoying the experience, thinking like a writer all the time: I am experiencing this.\" Soon after their return from Spain, at McCartney's twenty-first birthday party in June 1963, Lennon physically attacked Cavern Club MC Bob Wooler for saying \"How was your honeymoon, John?\" The MC, known for his wordplay and affectionate but cutting remarks, was making a joke, but ten months had passed since Lennon's marriage, and the honeymoon, deferred, was still two months in the future. To Lennon, who was intoxicated with alcohol at the time, the matter was simple: \"He called me a queer so I battered his bloody ribs in\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.651338577270508, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Two versions exist of how Lennon met Ono. According to the first, told by the Lennons, on 9 November 1966 Lennon went to the Indica Gallery in London, where Ono was preparing her conceptual art exhibit, and they were introduced by gallery owner John Dunbar. Lennon was intrigued by Ono's \"Hammer A Nail\": patrons hammered a nail into a wooden board, creating the art piece. Although the exhibition had not yet begun, Lennon wanted to hammer a nail into the clean board, but Ono stopped him. Dunbar asked her, \"Don't you know who this is? He's a millionaire! He might buy it.\" Ono had supposedly not heard of the Beatles, but relented on condition that Lennon pay her five shillings, to which Lennon replied, \"I'll give you an imaginary five shillings and hammer an imaginary nail in.\" The second version, told by McCartney, is that in late 1965, Ono was in London compiling original musical scores for a book John Cage was working on, Notations, but McCartney declined to give her any of his own manuscripts for the book, suggesting that Lennon might oblige. When asked, Lennon gave Ono the original handwritten lyrics to \"The Word\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.366809844970703, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Ono began visiting and telephoning Lennon's home and, when his wife asked for an explanation, Lennon explained that Ono was only trying to obtain money for her \"avant-garde bullshit\". In May 1968, while his wife was on holiday in Greece, Lennon invited Ono to visit. They spent the night recording what would become the Two Virgins album, after which, he said, they \"made love at dawn.\" When Lennon's wife returned home she found Ono wearing her bathrobe and drinking tea with Lennon who simply said, \"Oh, hi.\" Ono became pregnant in 1968 and miscarried a male child they named John Ono LennonII on 21 November 1968, a few weeks after Lennon's divorce from Cynthia was granted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.862359046936035, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "During Lennon's last two years in the Beatles, he and Ono began public protests against the Vietnam War. They were married in Gibraltar on 20 March 1969, and spent their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam campaigning with a week-long Bed-In for Peace. They planned another Bed-In in the United States, but were denied entry, so held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded \"Give Peace a Chance\". They often combined advocacy with performance art, as in their \"Bagism\", first introduced during a Vienna press conference. Lennon detailed this period in the Beatles song \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\". Lennon changed his name by deed poll on 22 April 1969, adding \"Ono\" as a middle name. The brief ceremony took place on the roof of the Apple Corps building, made famous three months earlier by the Beatles' Let It Be rooftop concert. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon thereafter, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon, since he was not permitted to revoke a name given at birth. The couple settled at Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill in Berkshire. After Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged for a king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on the Beatles' last album, Abbey Road. To escape the acrimony of the band's break-up, Ono suggested they move permanently to New York, which they did on 31 August 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.408736228942871, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "They first lived in The St. Regis Hotel on 5th Avenue, East 55th Street, then moved to a street-level flat at 105 Bank Street, Greenwich Village, on 16 October 1971. After a robbery, they relocated to the more secure Dakota at 1West72nd Street, in 1973. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.262263298034668, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "ABKCO Industries, formed in 1968 by Allen Klein as an umbrella company to ABKCO Records, recruited May Pang as a receptionist in 1969. Through involvement in a project with ABKCO, Lennon and Ono met her the following year. She became their personal assistant. After she had been working with the couple for three years, Ono confided that she and Lennon were becoming estranged from one another. She went on to suggest that Pang should begin a physical relationship with Lennon, telling her, \"He likes you a lot.\" Pang, 22, astounded by Ono's proposition, eventually agreed to become Lennon's companion. The pair soon moved to California, beginning an 18-month period he later called his \"lost weekend\". In Los Angeles, Pang encouraged Lennon to develop regular contact with Julian, whom he had not seen for two years. He also rekindled friendships with Starr, McCartney, Beatles roadie Mal Evans, and Harry Nilsson. Whilst drinking with Nilsson, after misunderstanding something Pang said, Lennon attempted to strangle her, relenting only when physically restrained by Nilsson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.400627136230469, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Upon returning to New York, they prepared a spare room in their newly rented apartment for Julian to visit. Lennon, hitherto inhibited by Ono in this regard, began to reestablish contact with other relatives and friends. By December he and Pang were considering a house purchase, and he was refusing to accept Ono's telephone calls. In January 1975, he agreed to meet Ono who claimed to have found a cure for smoking. But after the meeting he failed to return home or call Pang. When Pang telephoned the next day, Ono told her Lennon was unavailable, being exhausted after a hypnotherapy session. Two days later, Lennon reappeared at a joint dental appointment, stupefied and confused to such an extent that Pang believed he had been brainwashed. He told her his separation from Ono was now over, though Ono would allow him to continue seeing her as his mistress.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.152837753295898, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Lennon's most intense feelings were reserved for McCartney. In addition to attacking him through the lyrics of \"How Do You Sleep?\", Lennon argued with him through the press for three years after the group split. The two later began to reestablish something of the close friendship they had once known, and in 1974, they even played music together again before eventually growing apart once more. Lennon said that during McCartney's final visit, in April 1976, they watched the episode of Saturday Night Live in which Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer to get the Beatles to reunite on the show. The pair considered going to the studio to make a joke appearance, attempting to claim their share of the money, but were too tired. Lennon summarised his feelings towards McCartney in an interview three days before his death: \"Throughout my career, I've selected to work with... only two people: Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono... That ain't bad picking.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.593718528747559, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Later that year, Lennon and Ono supported efforts by the family of James Hanratty, hanged for murder in 1962, to prove his innocence. Those who had condemned Hanratty were, according to Lennon, \"the same people who are running guns to South Africa and killing blacks in the streets. ... The same bastards are in control, the same people are running everything, it's the whole bullshit bourgeois scene.\" In London, Lennon and Ono staged a \"Britain Murdered Hanratty\" banner march and a \"Silent Protest For James Hanratty\", and produced a 40-minute documentary on the case. At an appeal hearing years later, Hanratty's conviction was upheld after DNA evidence matched. His family continued to appeal in 2010. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.134112358093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Lennon and Ono showed their solidarity with the Clydeside UCS workers' work-in of 1971 by sending a bouquet of red roses and a cheque for £5,000. On moving to New York City in August that year, they befriended two of the Chicago Seven, Yippie peace activists Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman. Another political activist, John Sinclair, poet and co-founder of the White Panther Party, was serving ten years in prison for selling two joints of marijuana after previous convictions for possession of the drug. In December 1971 at Ann Arbor, Michigan, 15,000 people attended the \"John Sinclair Freedom Rally\", a protest and benefit concert with contributions from Lennon, Stevie Wonder, Bob Seger, Bobby Seale of the Black Panther Party, and others. Lennon and Ono, backed by David Peel and Rubin, performed an acoustic set of four songs from their forthcoming Some Time in New York City album including \"John Sinclair\", whose lyrics called for his release. The day before the rally, the Michigan Senate passed a bill that significantly reduced the penalties for possession of marijuana and four days later Sinclair was released on an appeal bond. The performance was recorded and two of the tracks later appeared on John Lennon Anthology (1998).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.612682342529297, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Following the Bloody Sunday incident in Northern Ireland in 1972, in which 14 unarmed civil rights protesters were shot dead by the British Army, Lennon said that given the choice between the army and the IRA (who were not involved in the incident) he would side with the latter. Lennon and Ono wrote two songs protesting British presence and actions in Ireland for their Some Time in New York City album: \"Luck of the Irish\" and \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\". In 2000, David Shayler, a former member of Britain's domestic security service MI5, suggested that Lennon had given money to the IRA, though this was swiftly denied by Ono. Biographer Bill Harry records that following Bloody Sunday, Lennon and Ono financially supported the production of the film The Irish Tapes, a political documentary with a Republican slant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.073335647583008, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "According to FBI surveillance reports (and confirmed by Tariq Ali in 2006) Lennon was sympathetic to the International Marxist Group, a Trotskyist group formed in Britain in 1968. However, the FBI considered Lennon to have limited effectiveness as a revolutionary since he was \"constantly under the influence of narcotics\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226560592651367, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Following the impact of \"Give Peace a Chance\" and \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\", both strongly associated with the anti–Vietnam War movement, the Nixon administration, hearing rumours of Lennon's involvement in a concert to be held in San Diego at the same time as the Republican National Convention, tried to have him deported. Nixon believed that Lennon's anti-war activities could cost him his re-election; Republican Senator Strom Thurmond suggested in a February 1972 memo that \"deportation would be a strategic counter-measure\" against Lennon. The next month the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) began deportation proceedings, arguing that his 1968 misdemeanor conviction for cannabis possession in London had made him ineligible for admission to the United States. Lennon spent the next three and a half years in and out of deportation hearings until 8 October 1975, when a court of appeals barred the deportation attempt, stating \"... the courts will not condone selective deportation based upon secret political grounds.\" While the legal battle continued, Lennon attended rallies and made television appearances. Lennon and Ono co-hosted The Mike Douglas Show for a week in February 1972, introducing guests such as Jerry Rubin and Bobby Seale to mid-America. In 1972, Bob Dylan wrote a letter to the INS defending Lennon, stating:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.918042182922363, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 23 March 1973, Lennon was ordered to leave the US within 60 days. Ono, meanwhile, was granted permanent residence. In response, Lennon and Ono held a press conference on 1 April 1973 at the New York City Bar Association, where they announced the formation of the state of Nutopia; a place with \"no land, no boundaries, no passports, only people\". Waving the white flag of Nutopia (two handkerchiefs), they asked for political asylum in the US. The press conference was filmed, and would later appear in the 2006 documentary The US vs. John Lennon. Lennon's Mind Games (1973) included the track \"Nutopian International Anthem\", which comprised three seconds of silence. Soon after the press conference, Nixon's involvement in a political scandal came to light, and in June the Watergate hearings began in Washington, DC. They led to the president's resignation 14 months later. Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, showed little interest in continuing the battle against Lennon, and the deportation order was overturned in 1975. The following year, his US immigration status finally resolved, Lennon received his \"green card\" certifying his permanent residency, and when Jimmy Carter was inaugurated as president in January 1977, Lennon and Ono attended the Inaugural Ball.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.278715133666992, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "After Lennon's death, historian Jon Wiener filed a Freedom of Information Act request for FBI files documenting the Bureau's role in the deportation attempt. The FBI admitted it had 281 pages of files on Lennon, but refused to release most of them on the grounds that they contained national security information. In 1983, Wiener sued the FBI with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. It took 14 years of litigation to force the FBI to release the withheld pages. The ACLU, representing Wiener, won a favourable decision in their suit against the FBI in the Ninth Circuit in 1991. The Justice Department appealed the decision to the Supreme Court in April 1992, but the court declined to review the case. In 1997, respecting President Bill Clinton's newly instigated rule that documents should be withheld only if releasing them would involve \"foreseeable harm\", the Justice Department settled most of the outstanding issues outside court by releasing all but 10 of the contested documents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25114917755127, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Wiener published the results of his 14-year campaign in January 2000. Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files contained facsimiles of the documents, including \"lengthy reports by confidential informants detailing the daily lives of anti-war activists, memos to the White House, transcripts of TV shows on which Lennon appeared, and a proposal that Lennon be arrested by local police on drug charges\". The story is told in the documentary The US vs. John Lennon. The final 10 documents in Lennon's FBI file, which reported on his ties with London anti-war activists in 1971 and had been withheld as containing \"national security information provided by a foreign government under an explicit promise of confidentiality\", were released in December 2006. They contained no indication that the British government had regarded Lennon as a serious threat; one example of the released material was a report that two prominent British leftists had hoped Lennon would finance a left-wing bookshop and reading room.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.866439819335938, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Lennon's love of wordplay and nonsense with a twist found a wider audience when he was 24. Harry writes that In His Own Write (1964) was published after \"Some journalist who was hanging around the Beatles came to me and I ended up showing him the stuff. They said, 'Write a book' and that's how the first one came about\". Like the Daily Howl it contained a mix of formats including short stories, poetry, plays and drawings. One story, \"Good Dog Nigel\", tells the tale of \"a happy dog, urinating on a lamp post, barking, wagging his tail—until he suddenly hears a message that he will be killed at three o'clock\". The Times Literary Supplement considered the poems and stories \"remarkable ... also very funny ... the nonsense runs on, words and images prompting one another in a chain of pure fantasy\". Book Week reported, \"This is nonsense writing, but one has only to review the literature of nonsense to see how well Lennon has brought it off. While some of his homonyms are gratuitous word play, many others have not only double meaning but a double edge.\" Lennon was not only surprised by the positive reception, but that the book was reviewed at all, and suggested that readers \"took the book more seriously than I did myself. It just began as a laugh for me\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.065656661987305, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In combination with A Spaniard in the Works (1965), In His Own Write formed the basis of the stage play The John Lennon Play: In His Own Write, co-adapted by Victor Spinetti and Adrienne Kennedy. After negotiations between Lennon, Spinetti and the artistic director of the National Theatre, Sir Laurence Olivier, the play opened at The Old Vic in 1968. Lennon and Ono attended the opening night performance, their second public appearance together. In 1969, Lennon wrote \"Four in Hand\"a skit based on his teenaged experiences of group masturbationfor Kenneth Tynan's play Oh! Calcutta!. After Lennon's death, further works were published, including Skywriting by Word of Mouth (1986); Ai: Japan Through John Lennon's Eyes: A Personal Sketchbook (1992), with Lennon's illustrations of the definitions of Japanese words; and Real Love: The Drawings for Sean (1999). The Beatles Anthology (2000) also presented examples of his writings and drawings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.77518367767334, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In a 2006 Guardian article, Jon Wiener wrote: \"For young people in 1972, it was thrilling to see Lennon's courage in standing up to [US President] Nixon. That willingness to take risks with his career, and his life, is one reason why people still admire him today.\" For music historians Urish and Bielen, Lennon's most significant effort was \"the self-portraits ... in his songs [which] spoke to, for, and about, the human condition.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.217479705810547, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2013, Downtown Music Publishing signed a publishing administration agreement for the US with Lenono Music and Ono Music, home to the song catalogues of John Lennon and Yoko Ono respectively. Under the terms of the agreement, Downtown represents Lennon's solo works – including \"Imagine\", \"Instant Karma (We All Shine On)\", \"Power to the People\", \"Happy X-Mas (War Is Over)\", \"Jealous Guy\", \"(Just Like) Starting Over\" and others. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.722371101379395, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Lennon continues to be mourned throughout the world and has been the subject of numerous memorials and tributes. In 2002, the airport in Lennon's home town was renamed the Liverpool John Lennon Airport. In 2010, on what would have been Lennon's 70th birthday, the John Lennon Peace Monument was unveiled in Chavasse Park, Liverpool, by Cynthia and Julian Lennon. The sculpture entitled 'Peace & Harmony' exhibits peace symbols and carries the inscription \"Peace on Earth for the Conservation of Life · In Honour of John Lennon 1940–1980\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05861759185791, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In December 2013 the International Astronomical Union named one of the craters on Mercury after Lennon. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36747932434082, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Participants in a 2002 BBC poll voted him eighth of \"100 Greatest Britons\". Between 2003 and 2008, Rolling Stone recognised Lennon in several reviews of artists and music, ranking him fifth of \"100 Greatest Singers of All Time\" and 38th of \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\", and his albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, 22nd and 76th respectively of \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) with the other Beatles in 1965 (returned in 1969 ). Lennon was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.228559494018555, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "* Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins (with Yoko Ono) (1968)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.505943298339844, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Unfinished Music No. 2: Life with the Lions (with Yoko Ono) (1969)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.858596801757812, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Some Time in New York City (with Yoko Ono) (1972)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31319808959961, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 in Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary Patricia (née Mohin; 1909–1956), had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James (\"Jim\") McCartney (1902–1976), was absent from his son's birth due to his work as a volunteer firefighter during World War II. Paul has one younger brother, Michael (born 7 January 1944). Though the children were baptised in their mother's Catholic faith, their father was a former Protestant turned agnostic, and religion was not emphasised in the household. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.154607772827148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton. In 1953, with only three others out of ninety examinees, he passed the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute, a grammar school rather than a secondary modern school. In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his suburban home in Speke. The two quickly became friends; McCartney later admitted: \"I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.279600143432617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney's mother Mary was a midwife and the family's primary wage earner; her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton, where they lived until 1964. She rode a bicycle to her patients; McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at \"about three in the morning [the] streets ... thick with snow\". On 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartney's loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, Julia, had died when he was seventeen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.088042259216309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney's father was a trumpet player and pianist, who had led Jim Mac's Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept an upright piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised Paul to take piano lessons, but Paul preferred to learn by ear. He gave Paul a nickel-plated trumpet for his fourteenth birthday, but when rock and roll became popular on Radio Luxembourg, McCartney traded it for a £15 Framus Zenith (model 17) acoustic guitar, since he wanted to be able to sing while playing. He found it difficult to play guitar right-handed, but after noticing a poster advertising a Slim Whitman concert and realising that Whitman played left-handed, he reversed the order of the strings. McCartney wrote his first song, \"I Lost My Little Girl\", on the Zenith, and composed another early tune that would become \"When I'm Sixty-Four\" on the piano. American rhythm and blues influenced him, and Little Richard was his schoolboy idol; \"Long Tall Sally\" was the first song McCartney performed in public, at a Butlins holiday camp talent competition. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.44428825378418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The band gave their final commercial concert at the end of their 1966 US tour. Later that year, McCartney completed his first musical project apart from the group—a film score for the UK production The Family Way. The score was a collaboration with Martin, who used two McCartney themes to write thirteen variations. The soundtrack failed to chart, but it won McCartney an Ivor Novello Award for Best Instrumental Theme.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.653959274291992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In March 1969, McCartney married Linda Eastman, and in August, the couple had their first child, Mary, named after his late mother. For Abbey Road, the band's last recorded album, Martin suggested \"a continuously moving piece of music\", urging the group to think symphonically. McCartney agreed, but Lennon did not. They eventually compromised, agreeing to McCartney's suggestion: an LP featuring individual songs on side one, and a long medley on side two. In October 1969, a rumour surfaced that McCartney had died in a car crash in 1966 and been replaced by a lookalike, but this was quickly refuted when a November Life magazine cover featured him and his family, accompanied by the caption \"Paul is still with us\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.389544486999512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Prior to, and for a while after leaving the group, McCartney suffered from a deep depression as a result of the band's break-up. He spent days in bed and drank excessively: \"I nearly had a breakdown,\" he said. \"I was going crazy.\" Biographer Howard Sounes writes that \"McCartney sank into whisky-soaked oblivion, [and] only Linda knew how to save him.\"Sounes, Howard. [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1303629/Strangers-said-abrasive-gauche-Paul-McCartney-sank-whisky-soaked-oblivion-Linda-knew-save-him.html \"Strangers said she was abrasive and gauche, but as Paul McCartney sank into whisky-soaked oblivion, only Linda knew how to save him\"], Daily Mail, 17 August 2010 She helped him pull out of that emotional crisis by praising his work as a songwriter and convincing him to continue writing and recording. In her honor, he later wrote \"Maybe I'm Amazed\", explaining that with the Beatles breaking up, \"that was my feeling: Maybe I'm amazed at what's going on... Maybe I'm a man and maybe you're the only woman who could ever help me; Baby won't you help me understand... Maybe I'm amazed at the way you pulled me out of time, hung me on the line, Maybe I'm amazed at the way I really need you.\" He added that \"every love song I write is for Linda.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.927013397216797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Following the addition of guitarist Henry McCullough, Wings' first concert tour began in 1972 with a debut performance in front of an audience of seven hundred at the University of Nottingham. Ten more gigs followed as they travelled across the UK in a van during an unannounced tour of universities, during which the band stayed in modest accommodation and received pay in coinage collected from students, while avoiding Beatles songs during their performances. A seven-week, 25-show tour of Europe followed, during which the band played solely Wings and McCartney solo material except for a few covers, including the Little Richard hit \"Long Tall Sally\", the only song McCartney played during the tour that had previously been recorded by the Beatles. McCartney wanted the tour to avoid large venues; most of the small halls they played had capacities of fewer than 3,000 people. Of his first two post-Beatles tours, McCartney said, \"The main thing I didn't want was to come on stage, faced with the whole torment of five rows of press people with little pads, all looking at me and saying, 'Oh well, he is not as good as he was.' So we decided to go out on that university tour which made me less nervous ... by the end of that tour I felt ready for something else, so we went into Europe.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.426896095275879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In March 1973, Wings achieved their first US number-one single, \"My Love\", included on their second LP, Red Rose Speedway, a US number one and UK top five. Paul's collaboration with Linda and former Beatles producer Martin resulted in the song \"Live and Let Die\", which was the theme song for the James Bond film of the same name. Nominated for an Academy Award, the song reached number two in the US and number nine in the UK. It also earned Martin a Grammy for his orchestral arrangement. Music professor and author Vincent Benitez described the track as \"symphonic rock at its best\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544482231140137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "After the departure of McCullough and Seiwell in 1973, the McCartneys and Laine recorded Band on the Run. The album was the first of seven platinum Wings LPs. It was a US and UK number one, the band's first to top the charts in both countries and the first ever to reach Billboard magazine's charts on three separate occasions. One of the best-selling releases of the decade, it remained on the UK charts for 124 weeks. Rolling Stone named it Album of the Year for 1974, and in 1975 it won Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary/Pop Vocal and Best Engineered Album. In 1974, Wings achieved a second US number-one single with the title track. The album also included the top-ten hits \"Jet\" and \"Helen Wheels\", and earned the 413th spot on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.330796241760254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Wings followed Band on the Run with the chart-topping albums Venus and Mars (1975) and Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976). In 1975, they began the fourteen-month Wings Over the World Tour, which included stops in the UK, Australia, Europe and the US. The tour marked the first time McCartney performed Beatles songs live with Wings, with five in the two-hour set list: \"I've Just Seen a Face\", \"Yesterday\", \"Blackbird\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"The Long and Winding Road\". Following the second European leg of the tour and extensive rehearsals in London, the group undertook an ambitious US arena tour that yielded the US number-one live triple LP Wings over America. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.389547348022461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In September 1977, the McCartneys had a third child, a son they named James. In November, the Wings song \"Mull of Kintyre\", co-written with Laine, was quickly becoming one of the best-selling singles in UK chart history. The most successful single of McCartney's solo career, it achieved double the sales of the previous record holder, \"She Loves You\", and went on to sell 2.5 million copies and hold the UK sales record until the 1984 charity single, \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.171271324157715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "1982–90 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904717445373535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1982 McCartney collaborated with Stevie Wonder on the Martin-produced number-one hit \"Ebony and Ivory\", included on McCartney's Tug of War LP, and with Michael Jackson on \"The Girl Is Mine\" from Thriller. \"Ebony and Ivory\" was McCartney's record 28th single to hit number one on the Billboard 100. The following year, he and Jackson worked on \"Say Say Say\", McCartney's most recent US number one . McCartney earned his latest UK number one with the title track of his LP release that year, \"Pipes of Peace\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.389333724975586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney collaborated with Eric Stewart on Press to Play (1986), with Stewart co-writing more than half the songs on the LP. In 1988, McCartney released Choba B CCCP, released only in the Soviet Union, which contained eighteen covers; recorded over the course of two days. In 1989, he joined forces with fellow Merseysiders Gerry Marsden and Holly Johnson to record an updated version of \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\", for the Hillsborough disaster appeal fund. That same year, he released Flowers in the Dirt; a collaborative effort with Elvis Costello that included musical contributions from Gilmour and Nicky Hopkins. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.6118803024292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney then formed a band consisting of himself and Linda, with Hamish Stuart and Robbie McIntosh on guitars, Paul \"Wix\" Wickens on keyboards and Chris Whitten on drums. In September 1989, they launched the Paul McCartney World Tour, his first in over a decade. The following year, he released the triple album, Tripping the Live Fantastic, which contained select performances from the tour. In 1990, the US publication Amusement Business presented McCartney with an award for the highest grossing show of the year; his two performances at Berkeley earned over $3.5 million. He performed for the largest paying stadium audience in history on 21 April 1990, when 184,000 people attended his concert at Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.490889549255371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "1991–2000 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.149338722229004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1991, McCartney performed a selection of acoustic-only songs on MTV Unplugged and released a live album of the performance titled Unplugged (The Official Bootleg). During the 1990s, McCartney collaborated twice with Youth of Killing Joke as the musical duo \"the Fireman\". The two released their first electronica album together, Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest, in 1993. McCartney released the rock album Off the Ground in 1993. The subsequent New World Tour followed, which led to the release of the Paul Is Live album later that year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.811168670654297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "He did an unannounced performance at the benefit tribute, \"Concert for Linda,\" his wife of 29 years who died a year earlier. It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 10 April 1999, and was organised by two of her close friends, Chrissie Hynde and Carla Lane. Also during 1999, he continued his experimentation with orchestral music on Working Classical. In 2000, he released the electronica album Liverpool Sound Collage with Super Furry Animals and Youth, using the sound collage and musique concrète techniques that had fascinated him in the mid-1960s. He contributed the song \"Nova\" to a tribute album of classical, choral music called A Garland for Linda (2000), dedicated to his late wife. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.764337539672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2000–10 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.859594345092773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Having witnessed the 11 September 2001 attacks from the JFK airport tarmac, McCartney was inspired to take a leading role in organising the Concert for New York City. His studio album release in November that year, Driving Rain, included the song \"Freedom\", written in response to the attacks. The following year, McCartney went out on tour with a band that included guitarists Rusty Anderson and Brian Ray, accompanied by Paul \"Wix\" Wickens on keyboards and Abe Laboriel, Jr. on drums. They began the Driving World Tour in April 2002, which included stops in the US, Mexico and Japan. The tour resulted in the double live album Back in the US, released internationally in 2003 as Back in the World. The tour earned a reported $126.2 million, an average of over $2 million per night, and Billboard named it the top tour of the year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.3065824508667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In July 2002, McCartney married Heather Mills. In November, on the first anniversary of George Harrison's death, McCartney performed at the Concert for George. He participated in the National Football League's Super Bowl, performing \"Freedom\" during the pre-game show for Super Bowl XXXVI in 2002 and headlining the halftime show at Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005. The English College of Arms honoured McCartney in 2002 by granting him a coat of arms. His crest, featuring a Liver bird holding an acoustic guitar in its claw, reflects his background in Liverpool and his musical career. The shield includes four curved emblems which resemble beetles' backs. The arms' motto is Ecce Cor Meum, Latin for \"Behold My Heart\". In 2003, the McCartneys had a child, Beatrice Milly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.889431953430176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In July 2005, he performed at the Live 8 event in Hyde Park, London, opening the show with \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" (with U2) and closing it with \"Drive My Car\" (with George Michael), \"Helter Skelter\", and \"The Long and Winding Road\". In September, he released the rock album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard, for which he provided most of the instrumentation. In 2006, McCartney released the classical work Ecce Cor Meum. The rock album Memory Almost Full followed in 2007. In 2008, he released his third Fireman album, Electric Arguments. Also in 2008, he performed at a concert in Liverpool to celebrate the city's year as European Capital of Culture. In 2009, after a four-year break, he returned to touring and has since performed over 80 shows. More than forty-five years after the Beatles first appeared on American television during The Ed Sullivan Show, he returned to the same New York theatre to perform on Late Show with David Letterman. On 9 September 2009, EMI reissued the Beatles catalogue following a four-year digital remastering effort, releasing a music video game called The Beatles: Rock Band the same day. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.561967849731445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney's enduring fame has made him a popular choice to open new venues. In 2009, he played three sold-out concerts at the newly built Citi Field—a venue constructed to replace Shea Stadium in Queens, New York. These performances yielded the double live album Good Evening New York City later that year. In 2010, McCartney opened the Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.127116203308105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2011–present ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349892616271973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In July 2011, McCartney played two sold-out concerts at the new Yankee Stadium. A New York Times review of the first concert reported that McCartney was \"not saying goodbye but touring stadiums and playing marathon concerts.\" In September 2011, having been commissioned by the New York City Ballet, McCartney released his first score for dance, a collaboration with Peter Martins called Ocean's Kingdom. Also in 2011, McCartney married Nancy Shevell. He released Kisses on the Bottom, a collection of standards, in February 2012; that same month the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences honoured him as the MusiCares Person of the Year, two days prior to his performance at the 54th Grammy Awards. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.713753700256348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney remains one of the world's top draws. He played to over 100,000 people total during two performances in Mexico City in May, the shows grossing nearly $6 million. In June 2012, McCartney closed Queen Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee Concert held outside Buckingham Palace, performing a set that included \"Let It Be\" and \"Live and Let Die\". He closed the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London on 27 July, singing \"The End\" and \"Hey Jude\" and inviting the audience to join in on the coda. Having donated his time, he received £1 from the Olympic organisers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.77008056640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 12 December, McCartney performed with three former members of Nirvana (Krist Novoselic, Dave Grohl, and Pat Smear) during the closing act of 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief, seen by approximately two billion people worldwide. On 28 August 2013, McCartney released the title track of his upcoming studio album New, which came out in October 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.207752227783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 19 May 2014, it was reported that McCartney had been bedridden by an unspecified virus on doctor's orders, and had to cancel a sold-out concert tour of Japan scheduled to begin later in the week. The tour would have included a stop at the famed Budokan Hall. McCartney also had to push his June US dates to October, as part of his doctor's order to take it easy to make a full recovery. However, he resumed the tour with a high-energy three hour appearance in Albany, New York, on 5 July 2014. On 14 August 2014, McCartney performed the final concert at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, California before its demolition. It was the same venue that the Beatles played their final concert in 1966. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.56508731842041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2014, McCartney wrote and performed \"Hope for the Future,\" the ending song for the video game Destiny. In November 2014, a 42-song tribute album titled The Art of McCartney was released, which features a wide range of artists covering McCartney's solo and Beatles work. Also that year, McCartney collaborated with American recording artist Kanye West on the single \"Only One\", released on 31 December. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.56148910522461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In January 2015, McCartney collaborated with Kanye West and Barbadian singer Rihanna on the single \"FourFiveSeconds\". They released a music video for the song in January and performed it live at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards on 8 February 2015. McCartney is a featured guest on West's 2015 single \"All Day\", which also features Theophilus London and Allan Kingdom. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.565073013305664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 15 February 2015, McCartney appeared and performed with Paul Simon for the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special. McCartney and Simon performed the first verse of \"I've Just Seen a Face\" on acoustic guitars, and McCartney later performed \"Maybe I'm Amazed.\" McCartney shared lead vocals on the Alice Cooper-led Hollywood Vampires supergroup's cover of his song \"Come and Get It\" which appears on their debut album, released 11 September 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61336898803711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 31 March 2016, McCartney announced the upcoming release, on 10 June, of his career-spanning collection Pure McCartney. The set includes songs from throughout McCartney's solo career and his work with Wings and the Fireman, and will be available in three different formats (2-CD, 4-CD, 4-LP and Digital). The 4-CD version will include 67 tracks, the majority of which were top 40 hits. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.827125549316406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2017, McCartney will appear in the movie Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.380062103271484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney primarily flatpicks while playing acoustic guitar, though he also uses elements of fingerpicking. Examples of his acoustic guitar playing on Beatles tracks include \"Yesterday\", \"I'm Looking Through You\", \"Michelle\", \"Blackbird\", \"I Will\", \"Mother Nature's Son\" and \"Rocky Raccoon\". McCartney singled out \"Blackbird\" as a personal favourite and described his technique for the guitar part in the following way: \"I got my own little sort of cheating way of [fingerpicking] ... I'm actually sort of pulling two strings at a time ... I was trying to emulate those folk players.\" He employed a similar technique for \"Jenny Wren\". He played an Epiphone Texan on many of his acoustic recordings, but also used a Martin D-28. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.819547653198242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney became interested in painting after watching artist Willem de Kooning work in de Kooning's Long Island studio. McCartney took up painting in 1983, and he first exhibited his work in Siegen, Germany, in 1999. The 70-painting show featured portraits of Lennon, Andy Warhol and David Bowie. Though initially reluctant to display his paintings publicly, McCartney chose the gallery because events organiser Wolfgang Suttner showed genuine interest in McCartney's art. In September 2000, the first UK exhibition of McCartney's paintings opened, featuring 500 canvases at the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol, England. In October 2000, McCartney's art debuted in his hometown of Liverpool. McCartney said, \"I've been offered an exhibition of my paintings at the Walker Art Gallery ... where John and I used to spend many a pleasant afternoon. So I'm really excited about it. I didn't tell anybody I painted for 15 years but now I'm out of the closet\". McCartney is lead patron of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, a school in the building formerly occupied by the Liverpool Institute for Boys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.73717975616455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "When McCartney was a child, his mother read him poems and encouraged him to read books. His father invited Paul and his brother Michael to solve crosswords with him, to increase their \"word power\", as McCartney said. In 2001, McCartney published Blackbird Singing, a volume of poems and lyrics to his songs for which he gave readings in Liverpool and New York City. In the foreword of the book, he explains: \"When I was a teenager ... I had an overwhelming desire to have a poem published in the school magazine. I wrote something deep and meaningful—which was promptly rejected—and I suppose I have been trying to get my own back ever since\". His first children's book was published by Faber & Faber in 2005, High in the Clouds: An Urban Furry Tail, a collaboration with writer Philip Ardagh and animator Geoff Dunbar. Featuring a squirrel whose woodland home is razed by developers, it had been scripted and sketched by McCartney and Dunbar over several years, as an animated film. The Observer labelled it an \"anti-capitalist children's book\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.202302932739258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1981, McCartney asked Geoff Dunbar to direct a short animated film called Rupert and the Frog Song; McCartney was the writer and producer, and he also added some of the character voices. In 1992, he worked with Dunbar on an animated film about the work of French artist Honoré Daumier, which won them a BAFTA award. In 2004, they worked together on the animated short film Tropic Island Hum. The accompanying single, \"Tropic Island Hum\"/\"We All Stand Together\", reached number 21 in the UK.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.148643493652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2015, it was revealed that McCartney turned down an offer to play the role of father to Helen Baxendale's character Emily in Friends. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425636291503906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Since the Rich List began in 1989, McCartney has been the UK's wealthiest musician, with an estimated fortune of £730 million in 2015. In addition to an interest in Apple Corps and MPL Communications, an umbrella company for his business interests, he owns a significant music publishing catalogue, with access to over 25,000 copyrights, including the publishing rights to the musicals Guys and Dolls, A Chorus Line, Annie and Grease. He earned £40 million in 2003, the highest income that year within media professions in the UK. This rose to £48.5 million by 2005. McCartney's 18-date On the Run Tour grossed £37 million in 2012. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.68653678894043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1963, Dick James established Northern Songs to publish the songs of Lennon–McCartney. McCartney initially owned 20% of Northern Songs, which became 15% after a public stock offering in 1965. In 1969, James sold a controlling interest in Northern Songs to Lew Grade's Associated Television (ATV) after which McCartney and John Lennon sold their remaining shares although they remained under contract to ATV until 1973. In 1972, McCartney re-signed with ATV for seven years in a joint publishing agreement between ATV and McCartney Music. Since 1979, MPL Communications has published McCartney's songs. McCartney and Yoko Ono attempted to purchase the Northern Songs catalogue in 1981, but Grade declined their offer and decided to sell ATV in its entirety to businessman Robert Holmes à Court. Michael Jackson subsequently purchased ATV in 1985. In 1995, Jackson merged his catalogue with Sony for a reported £59,052,000 ($95 million), establishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing, in which he retained half-ownership. McCartney has criticised Jackson's purchase and handling of Northern Songs over the years. Now formally dissolved, in 1995 it became absorbed in the Sony/ATV catalogue. McCartney receives writers' royalties which together are 33⅓ percent of total commercial proceeds in the US, and which vary elsewhere between 50 and 55 percent. Two of the Beatles' earliest songs—\"Love Me Do\" and \"P.S. I Love You\"—were published by an EMI subsidiary, Ardmore & Beechwood, before signing with James. McCartney acquired their publishing rights from Ardmore in the mid-1980s, and they are the only two Beatles songs owned by MPL Communications. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.256913185119629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney first used drugs in the Beatles' Hamburg days, when they often used Preludin to maintain their energy while performing for long periods. Bob Dylan introduced them to marijuana in a New York hotel room in 1964; McCartney recalls getting \"very high\" and \"giggling uncontrollably\". His use of the drug soon became habitual, and according to Miles, McCartney wrote the lyrics \"another kind of mind\" in \"Got to Get You into My Life\" specifically as a reference to cannabis. During the filming of Help!, McCartney occasionally smoked a joint in the car on the way to the studio during filming, and often forgot his lines. Director Richard Lester overheard two physically attractive women trying to persuade McCartney to use heroin, but he refused. Introduced to cocaine by Robert Fraser, McCartney used the drug regularly during the recording of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, and for about a year total but stopped because of his dislike of the unpleasant melancholy he felt afterwards. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.679983139038086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1972, a Swedish court fined McCartney £1,000 for cannabis possession. Soon after, Scottish police found marijuana plants growing on his farm, leading to his 1973 conviction for illegal cultivation and a £100 fine. As a result of his drug convictions, the US government repeatedly denied him a visa until December 1973. Arrested again for marijuana possession in 1975, in Los Angeles, Linda took the blame, and the court soon dismissed the charges. In January 1980, when Wings flew to Tokyo for a tour of Japan, customs officials found approximately 8 ounces (200 g) of cannabis in his luggage. They arrested McCartney and brought him to a local jail while the Japanese government decided what to do. After ten days, they released and deported him without charge. In 1984, while McCartney was on holiday in Barbados, authorities arrested him for possession of marijuana and fined him $200. Upon his return to England, he stated: \"cannabis is ... less harmful than rum punch, whiskey, nicotine and glue, all of which are perfectly legal ... I don't think ... I was doing anyone any harm whatsoever.\" In 1997, he spoke out in support of decriminalisation of the drug: \"People are smoking pot anyway and to make them criminals is wrong.\" He did however, decide to quit cannabis in 2015, citing a desire to set a good example for his grandchildren. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.105124473571777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Since 1975, McCartney has been a vegetarian; he and his wife Linda were vegetarians for most of their 30-year marriage. They decided to stop consuming meat after Paul saw lambs in a field as they were eating a meal of lamb. Soon after, the couple became outspoken animal rights activists. In his first interview after Linda's death, he promised to continue working for animal rights, and in 1999 he spent £3,000,000 to ensure Linda McCartney Foods remained free of genetically engineered ingredients. In 1995, he narrated the documentary Devour the Earth, written by Tony Wardle. McCartney is a supporter of the animal-rights organisation People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. He has appeared in the group's campaigns and, in 2009, he narrated a short factory farm exposé titled \"Glass Walls\". McCartney has also supported campaigns headed by the Humane Society of the United States, Humane Society International, World Animal Protection, and the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation. As of 2013, McCartney is vegan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.917893409729004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Following McCartney's marriage to Mills, he joined her in a campaign against land mines, becoming a patron of Adopt-A-Minefield. He wore an anti-landmines T-shirt during some of the Back in the World tour shows. In 2006, the McCartneys travelled to Prince Edward Island to raise international awareness of seal hunting. The couple debated with Danny Williams, Newfoundland's then Premier, on Larry King Live, stating that fishermen should stop hunting seals and start seal-watching businesses instead. McCartney also supports the Make Poverty History campaign. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362432479858398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney has participated in several charity recordings and performances, including the Concerts for the People of Kampuchea, Ferry Aid, Band Aid, Live Aid, Live 8, and the recording of \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\". In 2004, he donated a song to an album to aid the \"US Campaign for Burma\", in support of Burmese Nobel Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi. In 2008, he donated a song to Aid Still Required's CD, organised as an effort to raise funds to assist with the recovery from the devastation caused in Southeast Asia by the 2004 tsunami. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.974588394165039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2009, McCartney wrote to Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, asking him why he was not a vegetarian. As McCartney explained, \"He wrote back very kindly, saying, 'my doctors tell me that I must eat meat'. And I wrote back again, saying, you know, I don't think that's right ... I think he's now being told ... that he can get his protein somewhere else ... It just doesn't seem right—the Dalai Lama, on the one hand, saying, 'Hey guys, don't harm sentient beings ... Oh, and by the way, I'm having a steak.'\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.292645454406738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2012, McCartney joined the anti-fracking campaign Artists Against Fracking. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.446253776550293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2014, McCartney narrated a video for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, titled \"Glass Walls\", which was harshly critical of slaughterhouses, the meat industry, and their effect on animal welfare. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.471563339233398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2015, following British prime minister David Cameron's decision to give Members of Parliament a free vote on amending the law against fox hunting, McCartney was quoted: \"The people of Britain are behind this Tory government on many things but the vast majority of us will be against them if hunting is reintroduced. It is cruel and unnecessary and will lose them support from ordinary people and animal lovers like myself.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390267372131348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In August 1967, McCartney met the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the London Hilton and later went to Bangor in North Wales to attend a weekend initiation conference, where he and the other Beatles learned the basics of Transcendental Meditation. He said, \"The whole meditation experience was very good and I still use the mantra ... I find it soothing.\" In 2009, McCartney and Starr headlined a benefit concert at Radio City Music Hall, raising three million dollars for the David Lynch Foundation to fund instruction in Transcendental Meditation for at-risk youth. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.05415153503418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney has publicly professed support for Everton, and also shown favour for Liverpool. In 2008, he ended speculation about his allegiance when he said, \"Here's the deal: my father was born in Everton, my family are officially Evertonians, so if it comes down to a derby match or an FA Cup final between the two, I would have to support Everton. But after a concert at Wembley Arena I got a bit of a friendship with Kenny Dalglish, who had been to the gig and I thought 'You know what? I am just going to support them both because it's all Liverpool.'\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310791969299316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney's first serious girlfriend in Liverpool was Dot Rhone, whom he met at the Casbah club in 1959. According to Spitz, Rhone felt that McCartney had a compulsion to control situations. He often chose clothes and make-up for her, encouraging her to grow her hair out like Brigitte Bardot's, and at least once insisting she have it re-styled, to disappointing effect. When McCartney first went to Hamburg with the Beatles, he wrote to Rhone regularly, and she accompanied Cynthia Lennon to Hamburg when they played there again in 1962. The couple had a two-and-a-half-year relationship, and were due to marry until Rhone's miscarriage; according to Spitz, McCartney, now \"free of obligation\", ended the engagement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.823189735412598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "McCartney first met British actress Jane Asher on 18 April 1963, when a photographer asked them to pose at a Beatles performance at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The two began a relationship, and in November of that year he took up residence with Asher at her parents' home at 57 Wimpole Street, London. They had lived there for more than two years before the couple moved to McCartney's own home in St. John's Wood, in March 1966. He wrote several songs while living at the Ashers', including \"Yesterday\", \"And I Love Her\", \"You Won't See Me\" and \"I'm Looking Through You\", the latter three having been inspired by their romance. They had a five-year relationship and planned to marry, but Asher broke off the engagement after she discovered he had become involved with Francie Schwartz. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.917941093444824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The two collaborated musically after the Beatles' break-up, forming Wings in 1971. They faced derision from some fans and critics, who questioned her inclusion. She was nervous about performing with Paul, who explained, \"she conquered those nerves, got on with it and was really gutsy.\" Paul defended her musical ability: \"I taught Linda the basics of the keyboard ... She took a couple of lessons and learned some bluesy things ... she did very well and made it look easier than it was ... The critics would say, 'She's not really playing' or 'Look at her—she's playing with one finger.' But what they didn't know is that sometimes she was playing a thing called a Minimoog, which could only be played with one finger. It was monophonic.\" He went on to say, \"We thought we were in it for the fun ... it was just something we wanted to do, so if we got it wrong—big deal. We didn't have to justify ourselves.\" Former Wings guitarist McCullough said of collaborating with Linda, \"trying to get things together with a learner in the group didn't work as far as I was concerned.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8792085647583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2002, McCartney married Heather Mills, a former model and anti-landmines campaigner. In 2003, the couple had a child, Beatrice Milly, named in honour of Mills' late mother, and one of McCartney's aunts. They separated in April 2006 and divorced acrimoniously in March 2008. In 2004, he commented on media animosity toward his partners: \"[the British public] didn't like me giving up on Jane Asher ... I married [Linda], a New York divorcee with a child, and at the time they didn't like that\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.328575134277344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney married New Yorker Nancy Shevell in a civil ceremony at Old Marylebone Town Hall, London, on 9 October 2011. The wedding was a modest event attended by a group of about 30 relatives and friends. The couple had been dating since November 2007. Shevell is vice-president of a family-owned transportation conglomerate which owns New England Motor Freight. She is a former member of the board of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39106273651123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Though McCartney had a strained relationship with Lennon, they briefly became close again in early 1974, and played music together on one occasion. In later years, the two grew apart. While McCartney would often phone Lennon, he was apprehensive about the reception he would receive. During one call, Lennon told him, \"You're all pizza and fairytales!\" In an effort to avoid talking only about business, they often spoke of cats, babies or baking bread.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.000201225280762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 24 April 1976, the two were watching an episode of Saturday Night Live together at Lennon's home in the Dakota, during which Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer for the Beatles to reunite. While they seriously considered going to the SNL studio a few blocks away, they decided it was too late. This was their last time together. VH1 fictionalised this event in the 2000 television film Two of Us. McCartney's last telephone call to Lennon, days before Lennon and Ono released Double Fantasy, was friendly; he said this about the call: \"[It is] a consoling factor for me, because I do feel it was sad that we never actually sat down and straightened our differences out. But fortunately for me, the last phone conversation I ever had with him was really great, and we didn't have any kind of blow-up.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.582504272460938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "After Harrison's death in November 2001, McCartney issued a statement outside his home in St. John's Wood, calling him \"a lovely guy and a very brave man who had a wonderful sense of humour\". He went on to say, \"We grew up together and we just had so many beautiful times together – that's what I am going to remember. I'll always love him, he's my baby brother.\" On the first anniversary of his death, McCartney played Harrison's \"Something\" on a ukulele at the Concert for George. He also performed \"For You Blue\" and \"All Things Must Pass\", and played the piano on Eric Clapton's rendition of \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85037899017334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "\"Yesterday\" is the most covered song in history with more than 2,200 recorded versions, and according to the BBC, \"the track is the only one by a UK writer to have been aired more than seven million times on American TV and radio and is third in the all-time list ... [and] is the most played song by a British writer [last] century in the US\". His 1968 Beatles composition, \"Hey Jude\", is also a career highlight. It achieved the highest sales in the UK that year, topping the US charts for nine weeks, longer than any other Beatles single. It was also the longest single released by the band, and at seven minutes eleven seconds, the longest ever number one to that point. \"Hey Jude\" is the best-selling Beatles single, achieving sales of over five million copies soon after its release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.240907669067383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In July 2005, McCartney's performance of \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" with U2 at Live 8 became the fastest-released single in history. Available within forty-five minutes of its recording, hours later it had achieved number one on the UK Official Download Chart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.294187545776367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "McCartney receiving the 2010 Gershwin Prize from US President Barack Obama.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45832347869873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*21-time Grammy Award winner:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307024955749512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "**12 as a member of the Beatles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.001113891601562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "**Two as a member of Wings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.355691909790039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "*Two-time inductee – Rock and Roll Hall of Fame:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268985748291016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*2000: Fellowship into the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263068199157715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*2008: BRIT Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467987060546875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*2008: Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Yale University. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474634170532227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*2010: Gershwin Prize for his contributions to popular music. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417640686035156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*2010: Kennedy Center Honors. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432034492492676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*2012: Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332307815551758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*2012: Légion d'Honneur for his services to music. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.470793724060059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "*2012: MusiCares Person of the Year", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.522783279418945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Tug of War (1982)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320416450500488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Driving Rain (2001)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483623504638672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Chaos and Creation in the Backyard (2005)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409141540527344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Memory Almost Full (2007)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306973457336426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Kisses on the Bottom (2012) (covers album)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432581901550293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* New (2013)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285431861877441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Ecce Cor Meum (2006)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.359273910522461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Ocean's Kingdom (2011)(dance score with Peter Martins)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392297744750977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Liverpool Sound Collage (2000)(re-mix album)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.238547325134277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Twin Freaks (2005)(with the Freelance Hellraiser)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.383137702941895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Electric Arguments (2008)(the Fireman)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43206787109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Wings University Tour – 11 shows in the UK, 1972", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.283089637756348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Wings Over Europe Tour – 25 shows, 1972", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.164102554321289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Wings 1973 UK Tour – 21 shows, 1973", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.197954177856445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Wings UK Tour 1979 – 20 shows, 1979", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11894702911377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Driving World Tour – 58 shows, 2002", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.296294212341309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Back in the World tour – 33 shows, 2003", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.061838150024414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* '04 Summer Tour – 14 shows worldwide, 2004", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069319725036621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* The 'US' Tour – 37 shows, 2005", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.940608978271484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Secret Tour 2007 – 6 shows in Europe and the US, 2007", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142044067382812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Summer Live '09 – 10 shows in North America, 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25379753112793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Good Evening Europe Tour – 8 shows, 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25117015838623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Up and Coming Tour – 38 shows worldwide, 2010–2011", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.101192474365234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* On the Run Tour – 38 shows worldwide, 2011–2012", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.073797225952148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Out There! Tour – 91 shows worldwide, 2013–2015", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.108865737915039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* One on One – yet 39 shows worldwide, 2016", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.957733154296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paul McCartney" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Elton John was born Reginald Dwight in 1947, and raised in the Pinner area of London. He learned to play piano at an early age, and by 1962 had formed Bluesology. John met his songwriting partner, Bernie Taupin, in 1967, after they had both answered an advert for songwriters. For two years they wrote songs for other artists, including Roger Cook and Lulu, and John also worked as a session musician for artists such as the Hollies and the Scaffold. In 1969 his debut album, Empty Sky, was released. In 1970 a single, \"Your Song\", from his second album, Elton John, reached the top ten in the UK and the US, his first hit single.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.700979232788086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "He has been heavily involved in the fight against AIDS since the late 1980s. In 1992, he established the Elton John AIDS Foundation and a year later began hosting the annual Academy Award Party, which has since become one of the highest-profile Oscar parties in the Hollywood film industry. Since its inception, the foundation has raised over . John, who announced he was bisexual in 1976 and has been openly gay since 1988, entered into a civil partnership with David Furnish on 21 December 2005, and after same-sex marriage became legal in England and Wales in 2014, wed Furnish on 21 December 2014. He continues to be a champion for LGBT social movements worldwide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.160513877868652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Elton John was born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947, in Pinner, Middlesex, the eldest child of Stanley Dwight and only child of Sheila Eileen (née Harris), and was raised in a council house of his maternal grandparents, in Pinner. His parents did not marry until he was 6 years old, when the family moved to a nearby semi-detached house. He was educated at Pinner Wood Junior School, Reddiford School and Pinner County Grammar School, until age 17, when he left just prior to his A Level examinations to pursue a career in the music industry. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341054916381836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Pub pianist to staff songwriter (1962–69) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.901396751403809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1962, Dwight and his friends formed a band called Bluesology. By day, he ran errands for a music publishing company; he divided his nights between solo gigs at a London hotel bar and working with Bluesology. By the mid-1960s, Bluesology was backing touring American soul and R&B musicians like the Isley Brothers, Major Lance and Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles. In 1966, the band became musician Long John Baldry's supporting band, and played 16 times at the Marquee Club. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.056375503540039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1967, Dwight answered an advertisement in the British magazine New Musical Express, placed by Ray Williams, then the A&R manager for Liberty Records. At their first meeting, Williams gave Dwight a stack of lyrics written by Bernie Taupin, who had answered the same ad. Dwight wrote music for the lyrics, and then mailed it to Taupin, beginning a partnership that . When the two first met in 1967 they recorded what would become the first Elton John/Bernie Taupin song: \"Scarecrow\". Six months later Dwight was going by the name \"Elton John\" in homage to Bluesology saxophonist Elton Dean and Long John Baldry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.000364303588867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The team of Elton John and Bernie Taupin joined Dick James's DJM Records as staff songwriters in 1968, and over the next two years wrote material for various artists, like Roger Cook and Lulu. Taupin would write a batch of lyrics in under an hour and give it to John, who would write music for them in half an hour, disposing of the lyrics if he couldn't come up with anything quickly. For two years, they wrote easy-listening tunes for James to peddle to singers. Their early output included a contender for the UK entry for the Eurovision Song Contest in 1969, for Lulu, called \"I Can't Go On (Living Without You)\". It came sixth of six songs. In 1969, John provided piano for Roger Hodgson on his first released single, \"Mr. Boyd\" by Argosy, a quartet that was completed by Caleb Quaye and Nigel Olsson. Elton John was also a session musician for other artists including playing piano on the Hollies' \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" and singing backing vocals for the Scaffold. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.873469352722168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On the advice of music publisher Steve Brown, John and Taupin started writing more complex songs for John to record for DJM. The first was the single \"I've Been Loving You\" (1968), produced by Caleb Quaye, former Bluesology guitarist. In 1969, with Quaye, drummer Roger Pope, and bassist Tony Murray, John recorded another single, \"Lady Samantha\", and an album, Empty Sky. For their follow-up album, Elton John, Elton John and Bernie Taupin enlisted Gus Dudgeon as producer and Paul Buckmaster as musical arranger. Elton John was released in April 1970 on DJM Records/Pye Records in the UK and Uni Records in the US, and established the formula for subsequent albums – gospel-chorded rockers and poignant ballads. The first single from the album, \"Border Song\", made into the US Top 100, peaking at Number 92. The second single, \"Your Song\", reached number seven in the UK Singles Chart and number eight in the US, becoming John's first hit single as a singer. The album soon became his first hit album, reaching number four on the US Billboard 200 and number five on the UK Albums Chart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.883225440979004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Backed by former Spencer Davis Group drummer Nigel Olsson and bassist Dee Murray, Elton John's first American concert took place at the Troubadour in Los Angeles in August 1970, and was a success. The concept album Tumbleweed Connection was released in October 1970, and reached number two in the UK and number five in the US. The live album 17-11-70 (11–17–70 in the US) was recorded at a live show aired from A&R Studios on WABC-FM in New York City. Sales of the live album were heavily hit in the US when an east coast bootlegger released the performance several weeks before the official album, including all 60 minutes of the aircast, not just the 40 minutes selected by Dick James Music. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.273791313171387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "John and Taupin then wrote the soundtrack to the obscure film Friends and then the album Madman Across the Water, the latter reaching number eight in the US and producing the hit songs, \"Levon\", and the album's opening track \"Tiny Dancer\". In 1972, Davey Johnstone joined the Elton John Band on guitar and backing vocals. Released in 1972, Honky Château became John's first US number one album, spending five weeks at the top of the Billboard 200, and began a streak of seven consecutive US number one albums. The album reached number two in the UK, and spawned the hit singles \"Rocket Man\" and \"Honky Cat\". both of which were recorded at Trident Studios in London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.068768501281738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The pop album Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player came out at the start of 1973, and reached number one in the UK, the US, Australia among others. The album produced the hits \"Crocodile Rock\", his first US Billboard Hot 100 number one, and \"Daniel\"; number two US, number four UK. Both the album and \"Crocodile Rock\" were the first album and single, respectively on the consolidated MCA Records label in the US, replacing MCA's other labels including Uni. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.21630859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, released in October 1973, gained instant critical acclaim and topped the chart on both sides of the Atlantic, remaining at number one for two months. It also temporarily established John as a glam rock star. It contained the US number 1 \"Bennie and the Jets\", along with other hits, \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\", \"Candle in the Wind\", \"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting\" and \"Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding\". Goodbye Yellow Brick Road is included in the VH1 Classic Albums series, discussing the making, recording, and popularity of the album through concert and home video footage including interviews. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.841874122619629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The Rocket Record Company to 21 at 33 (1974–79) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.412558555603027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1974, a collaboration with John Lennon took place, resulting in Lennon appearing on Elton John's single cover of the Beatles' \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\", the B-side of which was Lennon's \"One Day at a Time.\" In return, John was featured on \"Whatever Gets You thru the Night\" on Lennon's Walls and Bridges album. Later that year in what would be Lennon's last major live performance, the pair performed these two number 1 hits along with the Beatles classic \"I Saw Her Standing There\" at Madison Square Garden in New York. Lennon made the rare stage appearance with John and his band to keep the promise he made that he would appear on stage with him if \"Whatever Gets You Thru The Night\" became a US number one single. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.188884735107422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Caribou was released in 1974 and became John's third number one in the UK, and topped the charts in the US, Canada and Australia. Reportedly recorded in two weeks between live appearances, it featured \"The Bitch Is Back\" and the orchestrated \"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\". \"Step into Christmas\" was released as a stand-alone single in November 1973, and appears in the album's 1995 remastered re-issue. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.02279281616211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The 1975 autobiographical album Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy debuted at number one in the US, the first album ever to do so, and stayed at the top for seven weeks. Elton John revealed his previously ambiguous personality on the album, with Taupin's lyrics describing their early days as struggling songwriters and musicians in London. The lyrics and accompanying photo booklet are infused with a specific sense of place and time that is otherwise rare in his music. \"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\" was the hit single from this album and captured an early turning point in Elton John's life. The album's release signalled the end of the Elton John Band, as an unhappy and overworked John dismissed Olsson and Murray, two people who had contributed much of the band's signature sound and who had helped build his live following since the beginning.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.503616333007812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "To celebrate five years since he first appeared at the venue, in 1975 Elton John played a two-night, four-show stand at the Troubadour. With seating limited to under 500 per show, the chance to purchase tickets was determined by a postcard lottery, with each winner allowed two tickets. Everyone who attended the performances received a hardbound \"yearbook\" of the band's history. That year he also played piano on Kevin Ayers' Sweet Deceiver, and was among the first and few white artists to appear on the black music series Soul Train on American television. On 9 August 1975, John was named the outstanding rock personality of the year at the first annual Rock Music Awards at ceremonies held in Santa Monica, California. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969761848449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Besides being the most commercially successful period, 1970–1976 is also held in the most regard critically. Within only a three-year span, between 1972 and 1975 John saw seven consecutive albums reach number one in the US, which had not been accomplished before. Of the six Elton John albums to make Rolling Stones list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" in 2003, all are from this period, with Goodbye Yellow Brick Road ranked highest at number 91; similarly, the three Elton John albums given five stars by Allmusic (Tumbleweed Connection, Honky Château, and Captain Fantastic) are all from this period. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.371441841125488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "During the same period, he made a guest appearance on the popular Morecambe and Wise Show on the BBC. The two comics spent the episode pointing him in the direction of everywhere except the stage to prevent him singing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.414302825927734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In November 1977, Elton John announced he was retiring from performing; Taupin began collaborating with others. Now only producing one album a year, John issued A Single Man in 1978, employing a new lyricist, Gary Osborne; the album produced no singles that made the top 20 in the US but the two singles from the album released in the UK, \"Part-Time Love\" and \"Song for Guy\", both made the top 20 in the UK with the latter reaching the top 5. In 1979, accompanied by Ray Cooper, Elton John became one of the first Western artists to tour the Soviet Union, as well as one of the first in Israel. John returned to the US top ten with \"Mama Can't Buy You Love\" (number 9), a song originally rejected in 1977 by MCA before being released, recorded in 1977 with Philadelphia soul producer Thom Bell. John reported that Thom Bell was the first person to give him voice lessons; Bell encouraged John to sing in a lower register. A disco-influenced album, Victim of Love, was poorly received. In 1979, John and Taupin reunited, though they did not collaborate on a full album until 1983's Too Low For Zero. 21 at 33, released the following year, was a significant career boost, aided by his biggest hit in four years, \"Little Jeannie\" (number 3 US), with the lyrics written by Gary Osborne. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.688072204589844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "His 1981 album, The Fox, was recorded during the same sessions as 21 at 33, and also included collaborations with Tom Robinson and Judie Tzuke. On 13 September 1980, Elton John, with Olsson and Murray back in the Elton John Band, performed a free concert to an estimated 400,000 fans on The Great Lawn in Central Park in New York. His 1982 hit \"Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)\", came from his Jump Up! album, his second under a new US recording contract with Geffen Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.999244689941406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1985, he was one of the many performers at Live Aid held at Wembley Stadium. John played \"Bennie and the Jets\" and \"Rocket Man\"; then \"Don't Go Breaking My Heart\" with Kiki Dee for the first time since the Hammersmith Odeon on 24 December 1982; and introduced his friend George Michael, still then of Wham!, to sing \"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\". In 1985 he released Breaking Hearts which featured the hit song \"Sad Songs (Say So Much)\", No. 5 in the US and No. 7 in the UK. Elton John also recorded material with Millie Jackson in 1985. In 1986, he played the piano on two tracks on the heavy metal band Saxon's album Rock the Nations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.487030029296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "A Biography channel special detailed the loss of Elton's voice in 1986 while on tour in Australia. Shortly thereafter he underwent throat surgery, which permanently altered his voice. Several non-cancerous polyps were removed from his vocal cords, resulting in a change in his singing voice. In 1987 he won a libel case against The Sun which published false allegations of sex with rent boys. In 1988, he performed five sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden in New York, giving him 26 for his career. Netting over , 2,000 items of Elton John's memorabilia were auctioned off at Sotheby's in London. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.993765830993652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "He placed other hits throughout the 1980s, including \"Nikita\" which featured in a music video directed by Ken Russell, No. 3 in the UK and No. 7 in the US in 1986, a live orchestral version of \"Candle in the Wind\", No. 6 in the US, and \"I Don't Wanna Go on with You Like That\", No. 2 in the US in 1988. His highest-charting single was a collaboration with Dionne Warwick, Gladys Knight, and Stevie Wonder on \"That's What Friends Are For\" which reached No. 1 in the US in 1985; credited as Dionne and Friends, the song raised funds for AIDS research. His albums continued to sell, but of those released in the latter half of the 1980s, only Reg Strikes Back (number 16, 1988) placed in the top 20 in the US.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.2881441116333, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1992, he released the US number 8 album The One, featuring the hit song \"The One\". He also released \"Runaway Train\", a duet he recorded with his long-time friend Eric Clapton, and with whom he played on Clapton's World Tour. John and Taupin then signed a music publishing deal with Warner/Chappell Music for an estimated over 12 years, giving them the largest cash advance in music publishing history. In April 1992, John appeared at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert at Wembley Stadium, performing \"The Show Must Go On\" with the remaining members of Queen, and \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" with Axl Rose of Guns N' Roses and Queen. In September, John performed \"The One\" at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, and closed the ceremony performing \"November Rain\" with Guns N' Roses. The following year, he released Duets, a collaboration with 15 artists including Tammy Wynette and RuPaul. This included a new collaboration with Kiki Dee, entitled \"True Love\", which reached the Top 10 of the UK charts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.096644401550293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Along with Tim Rice, Elton John wrote the songs for the 1994 Disney animated film The Lion King. At the 67th Academy Awards ceremony, The Lion King soundtrack provided three of the five nominees for the Academy Award for Best Song, which he won with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\". Both that and \"Circle of Life\" became hit songs for John. \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" would also win Elton John the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 37th Annual Grammy Awards. After the release of The Lion King soundtrack, the album remained at the top of Billboard 200 for nine weeks. On 10 November 1999, the RIAA certified The Lion King \"Diamond\" for selling 15million copies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.463473320007324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Early in 1997, he held a 50th birthday party, costumed as Louis XIV, for 500 friends. He performed with the surviving members of Queen in Paris at the opening night (17 January 1997) of Le Presbytère N'a Rien Perdu De Son Charme Ni Le Jardin De Son Éclat, a work by French ballet legend Maurice Béjart which draws upon AIDS and the deaths of Freddie Mercury and the company's principal dancer Jorge Donn. Later in 1997, two close friends died: designer Gianni Versace was murdered; Diana, Princess of Wales died in a Paris car crash on 31 August. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.106993675231934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In early September, he contacted his writing partner Bernie Taupin, asking him to revise the lyrics of his 1973 song \"Candle in the Wind\" to honour Diana, and Taupin rewrote the song accordingly. On 6 September 1997, John performed \"Candle in the Wind 1997\" at the funeral of Princess Diana in Westminster Abbey. The song became the fastest and biggest-selling single of all time, eventually selling over 33million copies worldwide, the best-selling single in UK Chart history, the best-selling single in Billboard history and the only single ever certified Diamond in the United States – the single sold over 11million copies in the US The Guinness World Records 2009 states that the song is \"the biggest-selling single since UK and US singles charts began in the 1950s, having accumulated worldwide sales of 33million copies\". The song proceeds of approximately £55million were donated to Diana's charities via the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund. It would win Elton John the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards in 1998.Miles, Barry [https://books.google.com/books?id-oBzTaoZciEC&pg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.447518348693848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "PA207 Massive Music Moments] p.207. Anova Books, 2008 \"Something About the Way You Look Tonight\" was released as a double A-side. Elton John has publicly performed \"Candle in the Wind 1997\" only once, at Diana's funeral, vowing never to perform it again unless asked by Diana's sons. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.888508796691895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In the musical theatre world, The Lion King musical debuted on Broadway in 1997 and the West End in 1999. In 2014, it had grossed over $6 billion and became the top-earning title in box-office history for both stage productions and films, surpassing the record previously held by Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical The Phantom of the Opera. In addition to The Lion King, John also composed music for a Disney musical production of Aida in 1999 with lyricist Tim Rice, for which they received the Tony Award for Best Original Score at the 54th Tony Awards, and the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards. The musical was given its world premiere in the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta and went on to Chicago and eventually Broadway. John released a live compilation album called Elton John One Night Only – The Greatest Hits from the show he did at Madison Square Garden in New York City that same year. A concept album from the musical titled Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida was also released and featured the duets, \"Written in the Stars\" with LeAnn Rimes, and \"I Know the Truth\" with Janet Jackson. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.547327041625977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2000s: Are You Ready for Love and 60th birthday (2000–09)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30886459350586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2000, he and Tim Rice teamed again to create songs for DreamWorks' animated film The Road to El Dorado. he released his 27th album, Songs from the West Coast, in October 2001. At this point, John disliked appearing in his own music videos; \"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore\" featured Justin Timberlake portraying a young Elton John, and \"I Want Love\" featured Robert Downey, Jr. lip-syncing the song. At the 2001 Grammy Awards, Elton performed \"Stan\" with Eminem. One month after the 11 September attacks, Elton John appeared at the Concert for New York City, performing \"I Want Love\" as well as \"Your Song\" in a duet with Billy Joel. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.672433853149414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In August 2003, he scored his fifth UK number one single when \"Are You Ready for Love\" topped the charts. Returning to musical theatre, John composed music for a West End theatre production of Billy Elliot the Musical in 2005 with playwright Lee Hall. Opening to strong reviews, the West End production is scheduled to close on 9 April 2016, due to the theatre's refurbishment programme, after 4,600 performances. The show has been seen by over 5.25 million people in London and nearly 11 million people worldwide (on Broadway, in Sydney, Melbourne, Chicago, Toronto, Seoul, the Netherlands and São Paulo, Brazil etc.), has grossed over $800 million worldwide and is the winner of over 80 theatre awards internationally. His only theatrical project with Bernie Taupin is Lestat: The Musical, based on the Anne Rice vampire novels. However it received harsh reviews from critics and closed in May 2006 after 39 performances. Elton featured on rapper Tupac Shakur's posthumous single \"Ghetto Gospel\", which topped the UK charts in July 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.693317413330078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In October 2003, he announced that he had signed an exclusive agreement to perform 75 shows over three years at Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip. The show, entitled The Red Piano, was a multimedia concert featuring massive props and video montages created by David LaChapelle. Effectively, he and Celine Dion shared performances at Caesars Palace throughout the year – while one performs, one rests. The first of these shows took place on 13 February 2004. In February 2006, Elton and Dion sang together at the venue to raise money for Harrah's Entertainment Inc. workers affected by the 2005 hurricanes, performing \"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word\" and \"Saturday Night's Alright (for Fighting).\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.847198486328125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Elton John was named a Disney Legend for his contributions to Disney's films and theatrical works on 9 October 2006, by the Walt Disney Company. In 2006, he told Rolling Stone that he plans for his next record to be in the R&B and hip hop genre. \"I want to work with Pharrell Williams, Timbaland, Snoop [Lion], Kanye [West], Eminem and just see what happens.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12993335723877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In March 2007, he performed at Madison Square Garden for a record breaking 60th time for his 60th birthday, the concert was broadcast live and a DVD recording was released as Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden; a greatest-hits compilation CD, Rocket Man – Number Ones, was released in 17 different versions worldwide, including a CD/DVD combo; and his back catalogue – almost 500 songs from 32 albums – became available for legal paid download. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.204854965209961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 1 July 2007, John appeared at the Concert for Diana held at Wembley Stadium, London in honour of the late Diana, Princess of Wales on what would have been her 46th birthday, with the proceeds from the concert going to Diana's charities as well as to charities of which her sons Princes William and Harry are patrons. John opened the concert with \"Your Song\", and then later closed it with \"Saturday Night's Alright For Fighting\", \"Tiny Dancer\", and \"Are You Ready For Love\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.028026580810547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "On 21 June 2008, he performed his 200th show in Caesars Palace. A DVD/CD package of The Red Piano was released through Best Buy in November 2008. A two-year global tour was sandwiched between commitments in Las Vegas, Nevada, some of the venues of which were new to John. The Red Piano Tour closed in Las Vegas in April 2009. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.067047119140625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In a September 2008 interview with GQ magazine, John said: \"I'm going on the road again with Billy Joel again next year\", referring to \"Face to Face\", a series of concerts featuring both musicians. The tour began in March and will continue for at least two more years. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.174180030822754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2010–present", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370504379272461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Elton John performed a piano duet with Lady Gaga at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards. On 6 June 2010, John performed at the fourth wedding of conservative commentator Rush Limbaugh for a reported fee. Eleven days later, and 17 years to the day after his last previous performance in Israel, he performed at the Ramat Gan Stadium; this was significant because of other then-recent cancellations by other performers in the fallout surrounding an Israeli raid on Gaza Flotilla the month before. In his introduction to that concert, Elton John noted he and other musicians should not \"cherry-pick our conscience\", in reference to Elvis Costello, who was to have performed in Israel two weeks after John did, but cancelled in the wake of the aforementioned raid, citing his [Costello's] conscience. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.408685684204102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "He released The Union on 19 October 2010. John says his collaboration with American singer, songwriter and sideman Leon Russell marks a new chapter in his recording career, saying: \"I don't have to make pop records any more.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.900445938110352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "He began his new show The Million Dollar Piano at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace, Las Vegas on 28 September 2011. John performed the show at Caesars for the next three years. He performed his 3000th concert on Saturday 8 October 2011 at Caesars. In 2011, John performed vocals on Snowed in at Wheeler Street with Kate Bush for her 50 Words for Snow album. On 3 February 2012, Elton John visited Costa Rica for the first time when he performed at the recently built National Stadium. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03647232055664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 4 June 2012, he performed at the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Concert at Buckingham Palace, performing a repertoire including \"Your Song\", \"Crocodile Rock\" and \"I'm Still Standing\". On 30 June, John performed in Kiev, Ukraine at a joint concert with Queen + Adam Lambert for the Elena Pinchuk ANTIAIDS Foundation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949762344360352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "An album containing remixes of songs that he recorded in the 1970s called Good Morning to the Night was released in July 2012. The remixes were conducted by Australian group Pnau and the album reached No. 1 in the UK. At the 2012 Pride of Britain Awards on 30 October, Elton John, along with Michael Caine, Richard Branson, Simon Cowell and Stephen Fry, recited Rudyard Kipling's poem \"If—\" in tribute to the 2012 British Olympic and Paralympics athletes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.728143692016602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In February 2013, John performed a duet with singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards. Later in 2013 he collaborated with rock band Queens of the Stone Age on their sixth studio album ...Like Clockwork, contributing piano and vocals on the song \"Fairweather Friends\". He stated that he was a fan of frontman Josh Homme's side project, Them Crooked Vultures, and had contacted Homme via phone call, asking if he could perform on the album. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.720114707946777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In September 2013, John received the first Brits Icon Award for his \"lasting impact\" on UK Culture. Rod Stewart presented him the award on stage at the London Palladium before the two performed a duet of \"Sad Songs (Say So Much)\". It had been announced in March 2012 that John had completed work on his thirty-first album, The Diving Board. The album was produced by T-Bone Burnett and was originally set for release in autumn 2012. The album's release date was pushed back multiple times, but on its release in September 2013 it reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 4 in the US. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.756178855895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In October 2015, it was announced Elton John would release his 32nd studio album, Wonderful Crazy Night, on 5 February 2016. As with his last album, it was produced by T-Bone Burnett. The album's first single, \"Looking Up\", was released that same month. This album marked John's first full album recorded with his touring band since 2006's The Captain & the Kid. John will play piano on \"Sick Love\", a song from the Red Hot Chili Peppers album, The Getaway, released in June 2016. He will also star in Kingsman: The Golden Circle, scheduled for a June 2017 release. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969212532043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Elton John has written with his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin since 1967 when he answered an advertisement for talent placed in the popular UK music publication, New Musical Express, by Liberty records A&R man Ray Williams. The pair have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date. The writing style that Elton John and Bernie Taupin use involves Taupin writing the lyrics on his own, and John then putting them to music, with the two never in the same room during the process. Taupin would write a set of lyrics, then mail them to John, wherever he was in the world, who would then lay down the music, arrange it, and record. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.932233810424805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1992, John was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame. He is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA). His voice was once classed as tenor; it is now baritone. His piano playing is influenced by classical and gospel music. He used Paul Buckmaster to arrange the music on his studio albums during the 1970s. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.153932571411133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 1993, he began a relationship with David Furnish, a former advertising executive and now filmmaker originally from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. On 21 December 2005 (the day that the Civil Partnership Act came into force), John and Furnish were amongst the first couples in the UK to form a civil partnership, which was held at the Windsor Guildhall. After gay marriage became legal in England in March 2014, John and Furnish married in Windsor, Berkshire, on 21 December 2014, the ninth anniversary of their civil partnership. They have two sons. Their oldest, Zachary Jackson Levon Furnish-John, was born to a surrogate mother on 25 December 2010 in California. He also has ten godchildren, including Sean Lennon, David and Victoria Beckham's sons Brooklyn and Romeo, Elizabeth Hurley's son Damian, and the daughter of Seymour Stein. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.17282485961914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2010, John was criticised by some Christian groups in the US after describing Jesus as a \"compassionate, super-intelligent gay man who understood human problems\". William Anthony Donohue, president of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights and opponent of gay marriage, responded: \"To call Jesus a homosexual is to label him a sexual deviant. But what else would we expect from a man who previously said, 'From my point of view, I would ban religion completely.'\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.464568138122559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 2008, John stated he preferred civil partnerships over marriage for gay people. But by 2012 John had changed his position and become a staunch supporter of same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom. He was quoted: \"There is a world of difference between calling someone your 'partner' and calling them your 'husband'. 'Partner' is a word that should be preserved for people you play tennis with, or work alongside in business. It doesn't come close to describing the love that I have for David, and he for me. In contrast, 'husband' does.\" In 2014, he claimed Jesus would have been in favour of same-sex marriage. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46909236907959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 2013, Elton John resisted calls to boycott Russia in protest at the Russian LGBT propaganda law, but told fans at a Moscow concert that the Russian laws were \"inhumane and isolating\" and he was \"deeply saddened and shocked over the current legislation.\" In a January 2014 interview, Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke of John in an attempt to show that there was no gay discrimination in Russia, stating; \"Elton John – he's an extraordinary person, a distinguished musician, and millions of our people sincerely love him, regardless of his sexual orientation.\" John responded by offering to introduce the President to Russians abused under Russian legislation banning \"homosexual propaganda\". On 24 September 2015, the Associated Press reported that President Putin called John and invited him to meet in the future about LGBT issues in Russia. Putin's call came just a few days after two phone pranksters called Elton John, pretending to be Putin and his spokesman, and causing John to erroneously thank Putin for the call on the singer's Instagram account. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.128913879394531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In April 2009, the Sunday Times Rich List estimated John's wealth to be £175million (), and ranked him as the 322nd wealthiest person in Britain. John was estimated to have a fortune of £195million in the Sunday Times Rich List of 2011, making him one of the 10 wealthiest people in the British music industry. Aside from his main home \"Woodside\" in Old Windsor, Berkshire, John owns residences in Atlanta, Nice, London's Holland Park, and Venice. John's property in Nice is based on Mon Boron mountain. Elton John is an art collector, and is believed to have one of the largest private photography collections in the world. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.292350769042969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "In 2000, he admitted to spending £30million in just under two years—an average of £1.5million a month. Between January 1996 and September 1997, he spent more than £9.6m on property and £293,000 on flowers. In June 2001 John sold 20 of his cars at Christie's, saying he didn't get the chance to drive them because he was out of the country so often. The sale, which included a 1993 Jaguar XJ220, the most expensive at £234,750, and several Ferraris, Rolls-Royces, and Bentleys, raised nearly £2million. In 2003, John sold the contents of his Holland Park home—expected to fetch £800,000 at Sotheby's—to modernise the decoration and to display some of his contemporary art collection. Every year since 2004, John has opened a shop called \"Elton's Closet\" in which he sells his second-hand clothes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.144524574279785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "By 1975, the pressures of stardom had begun to take a serious toll on him. During \"Elton Week\" in Los Angeles that year, he suffered a drug overdose. He also battled the eating disorder bulimia. In a CNN interview with Larry King in 2002, King asked if John knew of Diana, Princess of Wales' eating disorder. John replied, \"Yes, I did. We were both bulimic.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.238363265991211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "A longtime tennis enthusiast, he wrote the song \"Philadelphia Freedom\" in tribute to long-time friend Billie Jean King and her World Team Tennis franchise of the same name. John and King also co-host an annual pro-am event to benefit AIDS charities, most notably Elton John's own Elton John AIDS Foundation, for which King is a chairwoman. John, who maintains a part-time residence in Atlanta, Georgia, became a fan of the Atlanta Braves baseball team when he moved there in 1991. In 2015, he was named one of GQ's 50 best dressed British men. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2966890335083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1997, he re-purchased the club from Petchey and once again became chairman. He stepped down in 2002 when the club needed a full-time chairman although he continued as president of the club. Although no longer the majority shareholder, he still holds a significant financial interest. In June 2005 he held a concert at Watford's home stadium, Vicarage Road, donating the funds to the club, and another concert in May 2010. He has remained friends with a number of high-profile players in football, including Pelé and David Beckham. For a time, from late 1975 until 1976, he was a part-owner of the Los Angeles Aztecs of the North American Soccer League. On 13 December 2014, he appeared at Watford's Vicarage Road with David Furnish, and his sons Zachary and Elijah for the opening of the \"Sir Elton John stand\". He described the occasion as \"one of the greatest days of my life\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.972804069519043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Elton John became more closely associated with AIDS charities following the deaths of his friends Ryan White in 1990 and Freddie Mercury in 1991, raising large amounts of money and using his public profile to raise awareness of the disease. He founded the Elton John AIDS Foundation in 1992 as a charity to fund programmes for HIV/AIDS prevention, for the elimination of prejudice and discrimination against HIV/AIDS-affected individuals, and for providing services to people living with or at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. This cause continues to be one of his personal passions. In 1993, he began hosting his annual Academy Award Party, which has become one of the highest-profile Oscar parties in the Hollywood film industry, and has raised over . In early 2006, John donated the smaller of two bright-red Yamaha pianos from his Las Vegas, Nevada show to auction on eBay to raise public awareness and funds for the foundation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226095199584961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "To raise money for his AIDS charity, he annually hosts a glamorous White Tie & Tiara Ball in the grounds of his home in Old Windsor in Berkshire to which many famous celebrities are invited. On 28 June 2007, the 9th annual White Tie & Tiara Ball took place. The menu consisted of a truffle soufflé followed by Surf and Turf (filet mignon with Maine lobster tail) and a giant Knickerbocker glory ice cream. An auction followed the dinner held by Stephen Fry. A Rolls Royce 'Phantom' drophead coupe and a piece of Tracey Emin's artwork both raised £800,000 for the charity fund, with the total amount raised reaching £3.5million. Later, John sang \"Delilah\" with Tom Jones and \"Big Spender\" with Shirley Bassey. The 2011 guests included Sarah, Duchess of York, Elizabeth Hurley and George Michael (who performed \"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\" in a duet with John), and the auction raised £5million, adding to the £45million the Balls have raised for the Elton John Aids Foundation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.034012794494629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 1994. He and Bernie Taupin had previously been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1992. John was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1995. For his charitable work, John was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II on 24 February 1998. In October 1975, John became the 1,662nd person to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949239730834961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "He was awarded Society of Singers Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005. He became a recipient of a Kennedy Center Honor in 2004, and a Disney Legends Award in 2006. In 2000 he was named the MusiCares Person of the Year for his artistic achievement in the music industry and dedication to philanthropy. In 2010, he was awarded with the PRS for Music Heritage Award, which was erected on The Namaste Lounge Pub in Northwood, London, where John performed his first ever gig. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214400291442871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Music awards include the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Can You Feel The Love Tonight\" from The Lion King (award shared with Tim Rice); the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 1994 for \"Can You Feel The Love Tonight\" from The Lion King (award shared with Tim Rice); and the Tony Award for Best Original Score in 2000 for Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida (award shared with Tim Rice). He has also received five Brit Awards, including the award for Best British Male in 1991, and awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music in 1986 and 1995. In 2013, John received the first Brits Icon award in recognition of his \"lasting impact\" on UK culture, which was presented to him by his close friend Rod Stewart. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293495178222656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 1972: Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture (nominated) for Friends", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46947956085205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 1992: Best Instrumental Composition (won) for \"Basque\", performed by James Galway", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23566722869873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2001: Best Musical Show Album (won) for Elton John & Tim Rice's Aida (award shared with Guy Babylon, Paul Bogaev & Chris (producers), Tim Rice (lyricist) and the original Broadway cast with Heather Headley, Adam Pascal, and Sherie Rene Scott)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334795951843262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2002: Best Pop Vocal Album (nominated) for Songs from the West Coast", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348413467407227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2002: Best Male Pop Vocal Performance (nominated) for \"I Want Love\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369978904724121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2003: Best Male Pop Vocal Performance (nominated) for \"Original Sin\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367507934570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2005: Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals (nominated) for \"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word\" with Ray Charles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346684455871582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2011: Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals (nominated) with Leon Russell for \"If It Wasn't for Bad\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293323516845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2000: Best Original Musical Score (won) for Aida", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.221449851989746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2009: Best Score (Music and/or Lyrics) (nominated) for Billy Elliot, The Musical", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.312478065490723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 2010: Best Play (nominated as producer) for Next Fall", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466018676757812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Since 1970, John's band, of which he is the pianist and lead singer, has been known as the Elton John Band. The band has had multiple line-up changes, but Nigel Olsson, Davey Johnstone, and Ray Cooper have been members (albeit non-consecutively) since 1969 (Olsson) and 1972 (Johnstone and Cooper). Olsson left the band in 1984 but rejoined in 2000. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.357556343078613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Honky Château (1972)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382467269897461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* 21 at 33 (1980)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.50748348236084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Jump Up! (1982)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337930679321289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* The One (1992)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.951784133911133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Songs from the West Coast (2001)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29697036743164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Peachtree Road (2004)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483793258666992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* The Captain & the Kid (2006)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435470581054688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* The Diving Board (2013)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43191909790039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Wonderful Crazy Night (2016)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302942276000977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* The Union with Leon Russell (2010)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334633827209473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Good Morning to the Night with Pnau (2012)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391085624694824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* The Road to El Dorado (2000)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419461250305176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Billy Elliot (2005)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.380598068237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Lestat (2005)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33828353881836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.446878433227539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* The Country Bears, US (2002) as himself", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394556999206543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "* Elton John: Me, Myself & I (2007) autobiography as himself", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367812156677246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "\"You’re Sixteen\" Hot 100 Peak: 1 (1 week), Peak Date: 1/26/74", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.026213645935059, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.81350326538086, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "\"Photograph\" Hot 100 Peak: 1 (1 week), Peak Date: 11/24/73", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037120819091797, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "\"Oh My My\" Hot 100 Peak: 5, Peak Date: 4/27/74", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.097311019897461, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "\"Back Off Boogaloo\" Hot 100 Peak: 9, Peak Date: 5/13/72", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136089324951172, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "\"A Dose Of Rock ‘N’ Roll\" Hot 100 Peak: 26, Peak Date: 11/6/76", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219406127929688, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "\"Wrack My Brain\" Hot 100 Peak: 38, Peak Date: 12/12/81", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14736557006836, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr's Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "© 2017 Billboard. All Rights Reserved.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.254378318786621, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr | Billboard" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "By Michael Gallucci April 25, 2013 11:11 AM", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1470365524292, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Beatles Solo Albums - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "It appears that you already have an account created within our VIP network of sites on . To keep your personal information safe, we need to verify that it's really you. To activate your account, please confirm your password. When you have confirmed your password, you will be able to log in through Facebook on both sites.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.520964622497559, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Beatles Solo Albums - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "A few hints: 20 of the hits came with the Beatles (and we're not counting B-sides); 6 came with the Wings (including 1 live performance); 1 came as a duet with Michael Jackson; and 1 was a duet with Stevie Wonder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.053897857666016, "source": "search", "title": "Name All of Paul McCartney's Number 1 singles | Mental Floss" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (5) | Trivia  (51) | Personal Quotes  (32) | Salary  (1)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31513500213623, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "He was born Richard Starkey on July 7, 1940, in a small two-storey house in the working class area of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. His father, Richard Starkey, was a former dockworker turned baker; his mother, Elsie (Gleave) Starkey, was a bakery worker. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother, Elsie, moved to another home in Liverpool. While attending Silas Infants' Schools he suffered from many afflictions that basically ruined his education: he had constant abdominal pains, was once diagnosed with a ruptured appendix that led to an inflamed peritoneum, which also led to one of his first surgeries. Ringo was in a coma, and his recovery took a couple of months, during which more operations were performed, and he was known to be accident-prone. Shortly after he came out of the coma, he was trying to offer a toy bus to another boy in an adjoining bed, but fell and suffered from a concussion. When he finally was able to go back to school, he learned that he was far behind in his studies. At age 13 he caught a cold that turned into chronic pleurisy, causing him another stay at a hospital in Liverpool. A few lung complications followed, which resulted in a treatment in yet another children's hospital, this time until 1955. Meanwhile, Richard's mother Elsie had married Harry Graves, the man who her son referred to as a \"step-ladder\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.048931121826172, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Spouse (2)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20981502532959, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Drummer with The Beatles (1962-1970).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.859010696411133, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Beatles on January 20, 1988.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.935956001281738, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Before becoming an official member of The Beatles in 1962, he played many gigs with them, guesting when Pete Best was not available. Also made one recording with them, backing a singer named Wally, before he joined.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.23950481414795, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Got his first set of drums as a present from his stepfather, who brought them back from London. Was able to turn professional with a £25 loan from his grandfather Starkey to make a deposit on a better drum set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313270568847656, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In 1985, he accepted the role of Locke Walls on Guiding Light (1952) but pulled out at the last minute. The role was recast with Jeremy Slate .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302186965942383, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "(November 11, 2004) The Beatles were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame for their outstanding contribution to British music and integral part of British music culture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.077407836914062, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The 2009 Sunday Times List estimated his net worth at $196 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.325456619262695, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Was originally hired as a member of The Beatles for a salary of £25 a week, with the promise of a full partnership in the band in time. The promise was kept, and after the band began to have hit records, Starr's mother discovered the top of his dresser covered with money (wondering at first if it was all come by honestly), and opened a savings account for him. Nonetheless, Starr's initial £25 salary was never discontinued, and he would pick it up every week from NEMS ( Brian Epstein 's management company). He used it for pocket money.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.501771926879883, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 2002.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.50102424621582, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "He was awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Recording at 1975 North Vine Street in Hollywood, California on February 8, 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869364738464355, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Starr cites drummers Jim Keltner and Cozy Cole as major influences on his career as The Beatles ' drummer. Starr and Keltner performed as a team at The Concert for Bangladesh (1972), and Keltner played drums on Starr's \"Rotogravure\" album.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.231921195983887, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Friends with Keith Moon . The two shared a house in California in the mid-1970s with John Lennon and Harry Nilsson , while they worked on each other's records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.221327781677246, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "While he owns property in several countries, he is officially a British citizen residing in Monaco (2001).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484855651855469, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Personal Quotes (32)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.972365379333496, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "[on his early drumming years with The Beatles ] I started to be an engineer but I banged me thumb on the first day. I became a drummer because it was the only thing I could do. But whenever I hear another drummer I know I'm no good. [ John Lennon ] taught me the song I sing. I can only play on the off beat because John can't keep up on the rhythm guitar. I'm no good on the technical things but I'm good with all the motions, swinging my head, like. That's because I love to dance but you can't do that on the drums. I figure we're good for another four years. I don't want to invest me money in stocks or anything. I just want to have it and draw 20 or 30 quid a week. The main thing is, I don't ever want to go back to work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.411234855651855, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "[on reaching age 70] As far as I'm concerned, in my head, I'm 24. That's just how it is. The number, yeah, it's high. But I just felt I've got to celebrate it. I'm on my feet and I'm doing what I love to do, and I'm in a profession, as a musician, where we can go on for as long as we can go on. I'm not hiding from it, you know.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.002388000488281, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Now I've realized to make the music I like there's no real reason to go to a studio. The other day, we were downloading an Echoplex machine and you just download the damn thing! I've been through quite a lot of technology, you know, but... I have two bits of wood in my hand and I hit those buggers and I love it!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.045321464538574, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "[2011] When I started, there was rock, there was pop, there was country. That was about all. And now it's divided into 30 categories. Now I don't know one from the other.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.122509002685547, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "I love the modern technology now. I was a little opposed to it - \"Oh, in my day, we used to have a donkey turning the wheel, and two guys chewing tape to make it soft.\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40321159362793, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "[2012] I've been asked to write an autobiography of myself, but they really only want those eight years. And I say, \"But there are 10 volumes before we get to that, and 20 afterwards.\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272357940673828, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "[at a celebration in his honor on January 20, 2014] It's a weird place to be this evening. All this praise is overwhelming really. It's great to look out and see all these people I recognize and three of them are meditating... I have to play something from the drums so you can see I can still hold the sticks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.145339965820312, "source": "search", "title": "Ringo Starr - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "By Dave Swanson November 23, 2013 2:52 PM", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.157930374145508, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Ringo Starr Solo Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "This, possibly the most important record, is held by Elvis Presley. He has had 21 chart-toppers, 18 of them different songs (three titles have topped the chart on two distinctly separate chart runs as part of the series of re-issues to commemorate what would have been Elvis' 70th birthday in 2005). You can see how this record has 'changed hands' over the years here .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.870399475097656, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The Beatles are the top group with 17 number 1s. Madonna is the top woman with 13 (as of April 2008). Top female group is The Spice Girls with 9.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.887100219726562, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Only seven acts in chart history have got into double figures with their tally of chart-toppers. They are: Elvis Presley (21, 18 different songs), The Beatles (17), Cliff Richard (14 : six of them with The Shadows, one with The Drifters, one with The Young Ones), Westlife (14 : one of them with Mariah Carey), Madonna (13), The Shadows (11 : six of them with Cliff Richard, two of these also with The Norrie Paramor Strings) and Take That (11: one featuring Lulu).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.307245254516602, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Westlife hold the record for getting into double-figures in the shortest time (2 years and 10 months [ie. 149 weeks] - more than 3 months quicker than The Beatles (who took 165 weeks). Unlike Westlife, however, The Beatles tended to spend several weeks at the summit, slowing down their release rate.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.849523544311523, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "It's Elvis Presley. He has topped the chart for a total of 80 weeks (as of w/e 5th Feb 2005).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.024574279785156, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Top group is The Beatles (69 weeks). Top female performer is Madonna (29 weeks - as of w/e 17th May 2008).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.761857986450195, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The Beatles' stretch began with \"A Hard Day's Night\" in 1964 and lasted to \"Yellow Submarine\"/\"Eleanor Rigby\" in 1966. The run was broken when \"Penny Lane\"/\"Strawberry Fields Forever\" merely made the number 2 position the following year!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140485763549805, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Westlife's stint began with their debut, \"Swear it Again\" in 1999 and ran through to \"My Love\" in November 2000 (though one hit was a 'duet' with Mariah Carey). It was broken by \"What Makes A Man\" which peaked at number 2 the following month.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.887828826904297, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Beatles fans are, however, quick to point out that \"Ain't She Sweet\" (which made number 29 in 1964) was recorded in 1961, well before their EMI contract. It was issued by Polydor to 'cash in' on the success of the fab four. Fans argue that this was not an \"official\" Beatles release. If this logic is accepted (though the track did make the charts), The Beatles run of successive number ones begins with \"From Me To You\" in April 1963 - making a total of 11.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.444025993347168, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "47 years, 6 months and 23 days. Held by Elvis Presley. His first number 1 was \"All Shook Up\" in 1957 (w/e 13th June). His most recent chart-topper was the re-issue of \"It's Now Or Never\" in 2005 (w/e 5th Feb).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.412293434143066, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Runner up is Cliff Richard. His first chart-topper was \"Living Doll\" in 1959. His latest was \"The Millennium Prayer\" in 1999, a span of 40, 4 months and 15 days. (+ 21 days for total span).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.108649253845215, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Longest span for a female artist with solo credit is Madonna on 20 Years, 7 Months, 1 Day (from \"Into The Groove\", 3rd Aug 1985 to \"Sorry\", 4th March 2006 - ie. a total span of 1074 weeks). [NB: if we include \"4 Minutes\" - which also credited Justin Timberlake, the span runs through to 10th May 2008 (22 years, 9 Months, 13 Days) but then this record is broken by Cher - see below.]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.285027503967285, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Kyie Minogue is still both popular and productive and, on 15 Years, 9 Months, and 23 Days (ie. 825 weeks from \"I Should Be So Lucky\", 23rd Jan 1988 to \"Slow\"; 15th Nov 2003), regularly poses a threat to Madonna in this regard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.183292388916016, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Also worthy of a mention is Tammy Wynette. Her single \"Stand By Your Man\" made no. 1 in 1975. She was a guest vocalist on the 'various artists' single \"Perfect Day\" which topped the chart in 1997-8 (22 Years, 7 Months, 24 Days - ie. 1183 weeks).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.154096603393555, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Al Martino's \"Here In My Heart\" was the track to Top the first ever chart (Nov 1952) so, technically, this was the first track to debut at Number 1. But ignoring this, the first artist to enter at Number 1 in the established chart was Elvis Presley (\"Jailhouse Rock\", Jan 1958).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.199103355407715, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "A one-a-week series of re-issued Elvis Presley singles in 2005 enabled him to have three different chart-toppers in just four weeks; (\"Jailhouse Rock\" w/e 15th Jan; \"One Night\" / \"I Got Stung\" w/e 22nd Jan; \"It's Now Or Never\" w/e 5th Feb).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.366174697875977, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The record for the fastest hat-trick of non re-issued number ones is held by John Lennon. Following his death in December 1980, there was an almost frenzied buying of his singles. This resulted in him topping the chart no fewer than three times within an 8 week period [\"(Just Like) Starting Over\" w/e 20th Dec 1980; \"Imagine\" (a re-entry but nevertheless, not a re-issue, w/e 10th Jan 1981; \"Woman\" w/e 7th Feb 1981.]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.009856224060059, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "From May 1999 to November 2006, Westlife entered the chart at No. 1 on 14 occasions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.984487533569336, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "On 11 Nov 2000, Westlife became the first act to have their first seven singles enter the chart at Number 1 as \"My Love\" crashed in at the top spot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.445698738098145, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "This feat was not matched until 21 years later when Frankie Goes To Hollwood took each of their first three singles to the top (1984).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.7850980758667, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Elvis Presley (Jan 2005) \"Jailhouse Rock\" replaced by \"One Night\" / \"I Got Stung.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207173347473145, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "31 years 0 months - for George Harrison. \"My Sweet Lord\" first made the top spot in Jan 1971. A few weeks after his death, it returned to number 1 (Jan 2002).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.146924018859863, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "In second place is the artist who also holds the record for the longest gap between number 1s with different tracks and the record for longest gap between number 1s within the lifetime of the artist; Leo Sayer. In Feb 1977 he hit the top with \"When I Need You\". He didn't return until Feb 2006 (a day shy of 29 years gap) - with \"Thunder In My Heart Again\" (a remix of his 1977 hit, as 'Meck featuring Leo Sayer').", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.939599990844727, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "34 Years, 10 Months, and 2 Days; Tony Christie. His first single, \"Las Vegas\", entered the Top 40 on w/e 16th Jan 1971, peaking at no. 21. His single from November of that year, \"(Is This The Way To) Amarillo\" was used in 2005 by comedian Peter Kaye in various TV performances, ultimately leading to a re-release in aid of Comic Relief. That catapulted the track back into the chart - at no. 1 - on w/e 26th Mar 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.152303695678711, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "This broke the record set over 18 years previously by Jackie Wilson. His \"Reet Petite (The Sweetest Girl In Town)\" topped the chart in Dec 1986; 29 Years, 1 Month, and 11 Days after it first entered the chart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74503231048584, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The longest time for a female soloist to take to reach Number 1 is 25 Years, 8 Months and 15 Days for Cher [from her first solo hit, \"All I Really Want To Do\", 19th Aug 1965 to \"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's In His Kiss)\", 4th May 1991]. She had, though, previously topped the chart as half of Sonny and Cher before going solo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.271150588989258, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Ozzy Osbourne holds the male record. He first hit the Top 40 as a member of Black Sabbath with \"Paranoid\" on w/e 12th Sep 1970. 33 years, 3 months and 8 days later (w/e 20th Dec 2003; a total of 1736 weeks) he achieved the top spot with \"Changes\" (a duet with daughter Kelly - and a version of a Black Sabbath album track from 1972).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.840621948242188, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The previous record holder was Eric Clapton. He first hit the chart as a member of the Yardbirds in 1965 (\"For Your Love\", w/e 20th Mar 1965) but did not form part of a chart-topping combo until hit collaboration with Cher (her again!), Chrissie Hynde and Neneh Cherry (\"Love Can Build A Bridge\", w/e 25 Mar 1995); 30 years, 0 months and 5 days [1567 weeks].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.565347671508789, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Lulu holds the female record. Her first Top 40 hit was \"Shout\" (w/e 16th May 1964). She finally hit the top spot with Take That (\"Relight My Fire\", 9th Oct, 1993); 29 Years, 4 Months and 23 Days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.733184814453125, "source": "search", "title": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Before I probe these three strange records—even the one by Elton John is peculiar—let’s take a moment to marvel that none of these chart-topping covers is “ Yesterday .” Guinness World Records claims, perhaps apocryphally , that that McCartney-penned tune is the most covered song of all time. “Yesterday” was issued in 1965 as a Beatles single even though Paul McCartney performed it alone, backed only by a string section. Despite the absence of John Lennon and the other two Beatles, it was—like all songs written by either man in the 1960s —published under the songwriting entity Lennon-McCartney .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.11112117767334, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Peter and Gordon, “A World Without Love” – No. 1, June 27, 1964 (one week)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.983305931091309, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "How did these two pasty-faced lads wind up in possession of an unrecorded, unreleased Lennon-McCartney song in 1964? As with all things show business–related, a little networking never hurt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06556224822998, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "To borrow an economic term, Peter and Gordon were filling a market gap. “World” spent eight weeks in the Top 10. The very week it fell out of the Top 10 , from No. 8 to No. 22, debuting right next to it at No. 21 was the Beatles’ own single “ A Hard Day’s Night ” (the film had premiered a couple of weeks earlier). Two weeks later , “Hard Day’s Night” had shot to No. 1, and “A World Without Love” had fallen off the chart entirely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.62076473236084, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Mind you, this wasn’t the end of Peter and Gordon’s hit-making career; they were back in the Top 20 twice before the end of ’64—with two more songs written by McCartney—and they scored two additional Top 10 hits in 1965 and 1966 before disbanding in 1968. Peter Asher ultimately wound up a renowned producer—he recruited a young James Taylor to the Beatles’ label Apple Records in 1968, and he manned the boards for a raft of platinum soft-rock stars in the ’70s and ’80s . But Peter’s ’60s breakthrough with Gordon was all about parlaying his connections at the best possible moment; Asher was to Paul McCartney in 1964 what one-hit-wonder Motown artist Rockwell was to Michael Jackson in 1984.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.711461067199707, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "Elton John, “Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds” – No. 1, Jan. 4 to Jan. 11, 1975 (two weeks)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.616202354431152, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Even if you are a big Elton John fan, it’s hard to regard “Lucy” as much more than a footnote. For a No. 1 hit, it had a remarkably quick burn on the charts (just 14 weeks, versus 21 weeks for “Philadelphia”), and on the radio of today, it has a modest legacy. Nielsen reports that last year, Elton’s “Lucy” was played on oldies radio less than one-sixth as much as “Philadelphia,” its twin 1975 chart-topper. In sum, Elton’s “Lucy” is to Elton what “ Who’s That Girl ” is to Madonna or the cover of “ I’ll Be There ” is to Mariah Carey—a No. 1 hit whose very existence is a reflection of a megastar’s own megastardom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.687132835388184, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Stars on 45, “Medley …” – No. 1, June 20, 1981 (one week)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.722992897033691, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The story starts with the Shocking Blue’s “ Venus ,” a worldwide smash in 1970, including here in America where it was No. 1 (you may also know its second chart-topping version, a 1986 cover by Bananarama ). The Shocking Blue is a Dutch group, and the copyright for that song was owned by Dutch publishing company Red Bullet Productions, run by one Willem van Kooten. In the summer of 1979, van Kooten was in a record store and heard a 12-inch disco medley, which mashed together original recordings of songs by the Beatles and the Archies with then-current hits by Heatwave , Lipps Inc. , and the Buggles . Disco medleys like this weren’t unprecedented. The Ritchie Family’s 1976 Top 20 hit “ The Best Disco in Town ” strung together snippets of a half-dozen current hits; and countless white-label disco 12-inches would mash together current hits on the gray market, like modern-day hip-hop mixtapes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.01884937286377, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "But the 1979 bootleg 12-inch single van Kooten heard was more brazen in its use of so many original recordings, many of them hard to clear. What piqued van Kooten’s curiosity was a small snippet of the Shocking Blue’s “Venus” in the mix; he knew he hadn’t authorized it. The bootleg sported the not-quite-grammatical English title “ Let’s Do It in the 80’s Great Hits ”; it was credited to a faux band, Passion, on a faux record label, Alto—but the bootleg’s real origins were in Montreal. It was the handiwork of French-Canadian DJs Michel Gendreau and Paul Richer, who specialized in splicing together bits of music from different genres, a kind of analog Girl Talk . Despite invoking the ’80s in their record’s title, the single largely trafficked in ’60s nostalgia. One version of Gendreau and Richer’s medley included three Beatles songs: “ No Reply ,” “ I’ll Be Back ,” and “ Drive My Car .” A longer version added another five Fabs titles: “ Do You Want to Know a Secret ,” “ We Can Work It Out ,” “ I Should Have Known Better ,” “ Nowhere Man ,” and “ You’re Going to Lose That Girl .”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.624411582946777, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Charmed and inspired by the unlicensed 12-inch, van Kooten decided that rather than stamp it out, he would better it, creating a licensed version of the medley using sound-alike artists to replicate the original hits (covers require only the payment of publishing fees, not licensing of the original recordings). He contacted producer Jaap Eggermont —formerly of the veteran Dutch rock group Golden Earring —who in turn worked with musical arranger Martin Duiser. In addition to all eight Beatles songs from the Montreal 12-inch, Eggermont threw in a small snippet of “Venus,” as well as one other oldie from the bootleg, the Archies’ 1969 hit “ Sugar Sugar .” The Beatles sound-alikes were by established Dutch singers, all of them in current Dutch bands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.267516136169434, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "What’s charming about the Stars on 45 single, however, is its unhip, unabashed attachment to pure, late-’70s disco—made explicit by Eggermont’s incongruous introduction to the record. It’s an original melody he wrote, sung by a female vocalist and chorus, with Bee Gees–style harmonies and multiple references to disco in a kind of pidgin English (curiously, the intro mentions two Beatles song titles, “Twist and Shout” and “Tell Me Why,” that never appear in the Stars on 45 medley):", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.298048973083496, "source": "search", "title": "Beatles covers No. 1s: The three strange Lennon-McCartney ..." }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Newly edited clip, featuring material from BBC TV's The Mersey Sound, with performance footage filmed on 27 August 1963 at the Little Theatre, Southport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12973403930664, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2. FROM ME TO YOU", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10316276550293, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "From the Granada TV programme Late Scene Extra filmed on 25 November 1963.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332466125488281, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "First broadcast in the TV show Around The Beatles, filmed on 28 April 1964 and broadcast the following month. It features a different audio track to that of hit single, recorded by The Beatles on 19 April 1964.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.93055248260498, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Live performance at the Palais des Sports, Paris on 20 June 1965, while on a short European tour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13913631439209, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Filmed at Twickenham Film Studios on 23 November 1965. One of ten films shot that day to satisfy global TV demand for broadcast material to accompany The Beatles' hit records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.159065246582031, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Filmed at Twickenham Film Studios on 23 November 1965.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.365062713623047, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The less frequently seen clip of those filmed at Twickenham Film Studios on 23 November 1965.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.260533332824707, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "12. DAY TRIPPER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168610572814941, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Three versions of this clip were filmed at Twickenham Film Studios on 23 November 1965. This is version 2, in which all of the group are wearing polo neck sweaters, except for Paul, who wears a black shirt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.174430847167969, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "There were three versions of the ‘We Can Work It Out' video filmed atat Twickenham Film Studios on 23 November 1965. This is version 2 in which all four Beatles are wearing black polo neck sweaters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004536628723145, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Filmed in Studio One at Abbey Road, on 25 June 1967, and beamed around the globe as a part of the TV programme Our World. This colourised version was created for The Beatles Anthology TV programme in 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.118391036987305, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "20. LADY MADONNA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165949821472168, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "21. HEY JUDE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031353950500488, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Filmed at Twickenham Film Studios on 4 September, for broadcast on David Frost's TV show, Frost On Sunday. The introduction by David Frost is different from that on disc 2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401337623596191, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "22. GET BACK", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.825567245483398, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "23. THE BALLAD OF JOHN AND YOKO", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.134281158447266, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "24. SOMETHING", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123763084411621, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "25. COME TOGETHER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.858451843261719, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "The clip was created in 2000 by Melon Dezign for the launch of thebeatles.com and the original Beatles 1 album.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.88589096069336, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "26. LET IT BE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.879613876342773, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "27. THE LONG AND WINDING ROAD", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.065916061401367, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "DISC TWO", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04256534576416, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "2. BABY IT'S YOU", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175271987915039, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "One of two clips used to promote the single taken from the 1995 Live At The BBC album. The clip is enhanced by the inclusion of unique colour footage of The Beatles filmed outside the BBC's Paris Studio on Lower Regent Street, London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.200394630432129, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "When On Air – Live At The BBC Volume 2 was released in 2013, it included ‘Words Of Love', a Buddy Holly composition that the band recorded for radio. This new clip is a mix of existing footage and innovative animation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32582950592041, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "A live performance videotaped on 9 February for The Ed Sullivan Show, which was screened on 23 February 1964.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.177690505981445, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Filmed at Twickenham Film Studios on 23 November 1965, this clip shows The Beatles eating fish and chips during their lunch break.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317788124084473, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Filmed at Twickenham Film Studios on 23 November 1965, with the group wearing their Shea Stadium Jackets with the ‘Nehru' collars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37024211883545, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "Filmed at Twickenham Film Studios on 23 November 1965 – showing The Beatles wearing the Shea Stadium jackets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.230701446533203, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "‘Rain', the B-side of ‘Paperback Writer', was filmed in colour at Chiswick House, West London, on 20 May 1966.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.361770629882812, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "12. STRAWBERRY FIELDS FOREVER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26264762878418, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "The merging of these two tracks, one from Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, the other from Revolver, was created for The Beatles Love show by Cirque du Soleil, which opened in June 2006 in Las Vegas. This video was created to promote the Love album released later that year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.970858573913574, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "This third version was also shot at London's Saville Theatre on 10 November 1967; it includes elements from the first two films but with additional footage unique to this edit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.281988143920898, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "This is an edit of the two other takes filmed on 4 September 1968 for the Frost On Sunday TV show. This has a different David Frost intro to the clip on disc 1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302361488342285, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "One of two versions, this was shot the same day as ‘Hey Jude'. John's lead vocal is completely live, as are most of Paul and George's backing vocals. The instrumentation, including Nicky Hopkins' electric piano, is from the master tape.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.146986961364746, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "20. GET BACK", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.773909568786621, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "This clip was assembled in 2003 to support the release of the album Let It Be…Naked and utilises studio footage from the famous Get Back/Let It Be sessions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.278250694274902, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "21. DON'T LET ME DOWN", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.072001457214355, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "Two", "passage": "This was the B-side of ‘Get Back' and this clip is a composite of two live performances from the Apple rooftop in 1969. It was made available to support the release of Let It Be…Naked in 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.187795639038086, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "22. FREE AS A BIRD", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.162382125854492, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "23. REAL LOVE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99569034576416, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" }, { "answer": "2", "passage": "thomas Friday 9 April 2010", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.427532196044922, "source": "search", "title": "1 (One) | The Beatles Bible" } ]

[ { "answer": "1903", "passage": "The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest. The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement, and their architectural style is neo-Gothic, with characteristic pointed arches above the passageways through the stone towers. This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge. The Queensboro Bridge is an important piece of cantilever architecture. The Manhattan Bridge, opened in 1909, is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges, and its design served as the model for many of the long-span suspension bridges around the world; the Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism. ", "precise_score": -4.3844404220581055, "rough_score": -5.776003837585449, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City" } ]

[ { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Aero Lloyd Flugreisen GmbH & Co, operated as Aero Lloyd, was a German charter airline based in Oberursel, Germany. It was headquartered in Building 182 at Frankfurt Airport in Frankfurt before it was moved to Oberursel. ", "precise_score": 6.7988762855529785, "rough_score": 5.708632469177246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aero Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "* On 1 September 2001, an Aero Lloyd Airbus A321, operating a charter flight from Catania-Fontanarossa Airport, Italy to Berlin Tegel Airport, Germany, had an attempted hijacking shortly after take off. The plane was diverted to Naples Airport in Italy where it made an emergency landing and the hijacker was arrested. There is a mix of reports ranging from the man using wax candles as dynamite and that of a panic attack. No body was injured in the incident. ", "precise_score": 4.688769340515137, "rough_score": 5.14158296585083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aero Lloyd" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Germany's Deutsche Luft Hansa was created in 1926 by merger of two airlines, one of them Junkers Luftverkehr. Luft Hansa, due to the Junkers heritage and unlike most other airlines at the time, became a major investor in airlines outside of Europe, providing capital to Varig and Avianca. German airliners built by Junkers, Dornier, and Fokker were among the most advanced in the world at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.633963584899902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Although Germany lacked colonies, it also began expanding its services globally. In 1931, the airship Graf Zeppelin began offering regular scheduled passenger service between Germany and South America, usually every two weeks, which continued until 1937. In 1936, the airship Hindenburg entered passenger service and successfully crossed the Atlantic 36 times before crashing at Lakehurst, New Jersey on May 6, 1937.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.855167388916016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "From February 1934 until World War II began in 1939 Deutsche Lufthansa operated an airmail service from Stuttgart, Germany via Spain, the Canary Islands and West Africa to Natal in Brazil. This was the first time an airline flew across an ocean. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.296422958374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "Germany", "passage": "Source: OAG Max Online for w/c 6 August 2012 and w/c 5 August 2013. DATCH countries are Germany (D), Austria (AT) and Switzerland (CH).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.762980461120605, "source": "search", "title": "Niki Lauda quits his airline to focus on F1 ... - anna.aero" } ]

[ { "answer": "1920s", "passage": "THE BRIDGE CELEBRATES 75 YEARS: On July 1, 2001, the DRPA celebrated the 75th anniversary of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge by closing the span to all but pedestrian traffic. Tens of thousands of people - some in 1920s attire - crossed the span to the diamond anniversary ceremonies.", "precise_score": 2.951244592666626, "rough_score": 5.589052677154541, "source": "search", "title": "Benjamin Franklin Bridge (I-676 and US 30) - phillyroads.com" }, { "answer": "1920s", "passage": "THE BRIDGE OPENS, AND SPAWNS A NEW ERA: When the Delaware River Bridge opened to traffic on July 1, 1926, in time for the nation's sesquicentennial, it claimed the longest main suspension span. It was an instant success, attracting the 35,000 vehicles a day that paid 25 cents to cross the Delaware River. During its first three moths in operation, the bridge carried two million vehicles, twice the amount of vehicles forecast for that period. With traffic volumes continuing to grow through the late 1920s, officials suggested adding two additional traffic lanes in each direction by utilizing the then-unused outboard structures. The proposal, which would have brought vehicular capacity to ten lanes, never made it past the discussion stage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.911854863166809, "source": "search", "title": "Benjamin Franklin Bridge (I-676 and US 30) - phillyroads.com" }, { "answer": "1920s", "passage": "Besides the needs of farmers, the popularity of the automobile and the desire to escape Philadelphia's summer heat and humidity to cottages in the countryside of New Jersey made a bridge imperative in the 1920s. Cars waited at ferry crossings for hours. One hot summer weekend in 1924, a 12-mile backup of cars waited for ferries to take them from New Jersey to Philadelphia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.462992668151855, "source": "search", "title": "P & G Web Consulting - Ben Franklin Bridge - dryl.org" }, { "answer": "1920s", "passage": "Still standing. The Delaware River Port Authority celebrated the 75th anniversary of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge by closing the span to all but pedestrian traffic on July 1, 2001. Thousands of people, some in 1920s attire, crossed the bridge. Antique cars, trucks, and fire engines were displayed on the deck, and two of the original rail cars that ran in the 1930s were on display at mid-span on the southern tracks. Since then, the bridge has undergone an extensive repainting process involving bead-blasting off many coats of old paint to bare metal. Only the Philadelphia approach remains to be done, but this has been delayed for years due to a complicated political dispute between Pennsylvania and New Jersey involving the dredging of the Delaware River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.361980676651001, "source": "search", "title": "Ben Franklin Bridge - WORKSHOP OF THE WORLD" } ]

[ { "answer": "27", "passage": "On March 21, 1963, the final 27 prisoners departed Alcatraz. The prison had been", "precise_score": 6.121038913726807, "rough_score": 7.08610200881958, "source": "search", "title": "Alcatraz Closes" }, { "answer": "27", "passage": "The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) viewed Alcatraz as “the prison system’s prison,” a place where the most disruptive inmates could be sent to live under sparse conditions with few privileges in order to learn how to follow rules (at which point, they could be transferred to other federal prisons to complete their sentences). According to the BOP, Alcatraz typically held some 260 to 275 prisoners, which represented less than 1 percent of the entire federal inmate population.", "precise_score": 4.62106990814209, "rough_score": 3.302863836288452, "source": "search", "title": "Alcatraz - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "27", "passage": "The first unsuccessful attempt to escape the prison was made on April 27, 1936 by Joseph Bowers, who was assigned the duty of burning trash at the incinerator. He tried to escape during duty hours by scaling a chain link fence at the edge of the island. When he was caught in this act and refused orders of the correctional officer located at the West road guard tower to come down he was shot. He was seriously injured in the fall from over 15 m (50 ft) and consequently died.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.970928192138672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary" }, { "answer": "27", "passage": "The average population was only about 260-275 (the prison never once reached its capacity of 336 - at any given time, Alcatraz held less than 1 percent of the total Federal prison population). Many prisoners actually considered the living conditions (for instance, always one man to a cell) at Alcatraz to be better than other Federal prisons, and several inmates actually requested a transfer to Alcatraz. But while USP Alcatraz was not the \"America's Devil's Island\" that books and movies often portrayed, it was designed to be a prison system's prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.120086431503296, "source": "search", "title": "BOP: Alcatraz" }, { "answer": "27", "passage": "April 27, 1936 -- While working his job burning trash at the incinerator, Joe Bowers began climbing up and over the chain link fence at the island's edge. After refusing orders to climb back down, Bowers was shot by a correctional officer stationed in the West road guard tower, then fell about 50-100 feet to the shore below. He died from his injuries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.662871360778809, "source": "search", "title": "BOP: Alcatraz" }, { "answer": "twenty-seven", "passage": "Once its pending closure was announced, the population was gradually reduced by redistributing the inmate back to other federal prisons. On March 21, 1963, the press would be invited to watch the final twenty-seven inmates march down Broadway one last time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.226591110229492, "source": "search", "title": "The Closing of USP Alcatraz - AlcatrazHistory.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "As early as 1946, the idea of cameras in orbit to observe the weather was being developed. This was due to sparse data observation coverage and the expense of using cloud cameras on rockets. By 1958, the early prototypes for TIROS and Vanguard (developed by the Army Signal Corps) were created. The first weather satellite, Vanguard 2, was launched on February 17, 1959. It was designed to measure cloud cover and resistance, but a poor axis of rotation and its elliptical orbit kept it from collecting a notable amount of useful data. The Explorer VI and VII satellites also contained weather-related experiments.", "precise_score": 7.920029640197754, "rough_score": 4.155637741088867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Weather satellite" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The first weather satellite to be considered a success was TIROS-1, launched by NASA on April 1, 1960. TIROS operated for 78 days and proved to be much more successful than Vanguard 2. TIROS paved the way for the Nimbus program, whose technology and findings are the heritage of most of the Earth-observing satellites NASA and NOAA have launched since then. Beginning with the Nimbus 3 satellite in 1969, temperature information through the tropospheric column began to be retrieved by satellites from the eastern Atlantic and most of the Pacific ocean, which led to significant improvements to weather forecasts. ", "precise_score": 8.755250930786133, "rough_score": 5.966885089874268, "source": "wiki", "title": "Weather satellite" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The launch of TIROS I (Television and InfraRed Observation Satellite) on April 1, 1960 marked the first day it became possible to observe the Earth's weather conditions on a regular basis, over most of the world from the vantage point of outer space", "precise_score": 6.671874046325684, "rough_score": 4.440213203430176, "source": "search", "title": "NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "1960: NASA launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1, from Cape Canaveral, Florida.", "precise_score": 9.027481079101562, "rough_score": 7.151052951812744, "source": "search", "title": "April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite Launched | WIRED" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "SUNNYVALE, Calif., (Lockheed Martin) — TIROS-1–the first Television and Infrared Observation Satellite–and its successors revolutionized weather observation and forecasting. Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) and its heritage companies built every one of the TIROS series of spacecraft, from TIROS-1– launched on April 1, 1960– through NOAA-N Prime, launched on February 6, 2009.", "precise_score": 6.908280849456787, "rough_score": 5.731860637664795, "source": "search", "title": "World’s First Weather Satellite Launched 50 Years Ago ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "This week, we celebrate fiftieth anniversary of the world’s first successful weather satellite launch. NASA used a Thor Able rocket to launch TIROS-1 (Television Infrared Observation Satellite), from Cape Canaveral, Fl., on April 1, 1960, at 6:40 a.m., EST. The satellite sent the first TV images to the Earth from space, changing forever the way meteorologists predicted the weather.", "precise_score": 7.79743766784668, "rough_score": 6.431920051574707, "source": "search", "title": "America's First Weather Satellite - Farmers' Almanac" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "One weather satellite model was launched more than a year earlier than TIROS-1. The Vanguard 2, was sent into orbit on February 17, 1959, but unlike TIROS-1, it failed to collect much usable weather data.", "precise_score": 4.964940547943115, "rough_score": 2.0266339778900146, "source": "search", "title": "America's First Weather Satellite - Farmers' Almanac" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "April 1, 1960 -- TIROS I is Launched", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.515707015991211, "source": "search", "title": "NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The main sensors that provided the cloud pictures were television cameras. The TIROS cameras were slow-scan devices that take snapshots of the scene below; one \"snapshot\" was taken every ten seconds. These were rugged, lightweight devices weighing only about 4.5 pounds (2 kg) including the camera lense. TIROS I was equipped with two cameras. One had a wide angle lense providing views that were approximately 750 miles (1207 km) on a side (with the satellite looking straight down), and a narrow angle camera with a view that was about 80 miles (129 km) on a side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.051729202270508, "source": "search", "title": "NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "There were two Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) stations used for TIROS I. These were located at the Army Signal Corps laboratory in Belmar, New Jersey and the U.S. Air Force facility a Kaena Point, Hawaii. A third station, used for engineering and back-up was located the the RCA plant where the TIROS was built, in Hightstown, New Jersey", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416633605957031, "source": "search", "title": "NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "When the satellite data was read out at either of the CDA stations, it was recorded on 35-mm film for making prints and large projections. From these, a hand-drawn cloud analysis (nephanalysis) was made then transmitted by facsimile to the U.S. Weather Bureau National Meteorological Center (NMC) near Washington, D.C. It was not until 1962 (TIROS IV, TIROS V) that some of the actual gridded satellite pictures were sent via facsimile to NMC and some other large Weather Bureau offices", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3139876127243042, "source": "search", "title": "NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "  TIROS I ceased operating in mid-June 1960 due to an electrical failure. During the 77 days it operated, the satellite sent back 19,389 usable pictures that were used in weather operations. TIROS II was launched on November 23, 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3437232971191406, "source": "search", "title": "NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The first television picture sent from space by TIROS-1 showed the coast of Maine and Canada's Maritime Provinces. Courtesy NASA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.923995018005371, "source": "search", "title": "April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite Launched | WIRED" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "TIROS, for Television Infrared Observation Satellite, sent the very first TV images from space to the ground station at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. The pictures clearly showed the New England coast and Canada's Maritime Provinces north to the St. Lawrence River. The photos were airlifted pronto to Washington, D.C., to be presented to President Eisenhower .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.684727191925049, "source": "search", "title": "April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite Launched | WIRED" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "TIROS-1 was an aluminum-and-stainless-steel drum measuring 42 inches in diameter, 19 inches high and weighing 270 pounds. An array of 9,200 solar cells powered its two TV cameras: one high-res, one low-res. One antenna received control signals from ground stations, and another four transmitted TV images back to Earth. Two video recorders stored images when the satellite was out of range of ground stations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.650552749633789, "source": "search", "title": "April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite Launched | WIRED" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The Environmental Science Services Administration (predecessor of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) launched more TIROS satellites with NASA in the next few years. But it wasn't until TIROS-9 in 1965 that the program achieved complete daily coverage of the entire sun-illuminated side of the planet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.396600723266602, "source": "search", "title": "April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite Launched | WIRED" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The first image from the satellite, known as TIROS-1 (Television Infrared Observation Satellite), was a fuzzy picture of thick bands and clusters of clouds over the United States. An image captured a few days later revealed a typhoon about a 1,000 miles east of Australia. TIROS-1, a polar-orbiting satellite, weighed 270 pounds and carried two cameras and two video recorders. Though the satellite only lasted 78 days, its impact is still visible today. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.100517511367798, "source": "search", "title": "50th Anniversary of the Satellite that “Forever Changed ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "“This satellite forever changed weather forecasting,” said Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D., under secretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator. “Since TIROS-1, meteorologists have far greater information about severe weather and can issue more accurate forecasts and warnings that save lives and protect property.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.297774791717529, "source": "search", "title": "50th Anniversary of the Satellite that “Forever Changed ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "\"TIROS-1 started the satellite observations and interagency collaborations that produced vast improvements in weather forecasts,\" said NASA Administrator Charles F. Bolden, Jr. \"It also laid the foundation for our current global view of Earth that underlies all of climate research and the field of Earth system science.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4620485305786133, "source": "search", "title": "50th Anniversary of the Satellite that “Forever Changed ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "First image from NOAA-19 satellite, the last of the TIROS satellites, on February 6, 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.780768394470215, "source": "search", "title": "50th Anniversary of the Satellite that “Forever Changed ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "Throughout the 1960s, each TIROS spacecraft carried increasingly advanced instruments and technology. By 1965, meteorologists combined 450 TIROS images into the first global view of the world’s weather.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.3545427322387695, "source": "search", "title": "50th Anniversary of the Satellite that “Forever Changed ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "When the more advanced TIROS-N satellite series were launched between 1978 and 1981, the name of the spacecraft changed to Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites , or POES. The POES orbit the Earth at an altitude of about 500 miles and circle the poles once every 102 minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.1205668449401855, "source": "search", "title": "50th Anniversary of the Satellite that “Forever Changed ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "TIROS-1 satellite.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.445978164672852, "source": "search", "title": "50th Anniversary of the Satellite that “Forever Changed ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The last of the TIROS satellites (now known as POES), launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., on Feb. 6, 2009. This satellite (NOAA-19) and its compliment, a European satellite called Metop-A, provide a complete picture of the globe every six hours.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.632631301879883, "source": "search", "title": "50th Anniversary of the Satellite that “Forever Changed ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "Lockheed Martin , TIROS , NOAA-N Prime", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.519464492797852, "source": "search", "title": "World’s First Weather Satellite Launched 50 Years Ago ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The TIROS-1 satellite (left) is seen in a cleanroom atop the Thor-Able booster, being prepared for encapsulation, in anticipation of its launch from Cape C anaveral, Florida on April 1, 1960 - 50 years ago today. The NOAA-N Prime satellite (right), the 44th and final TIROS spacecraft, is seen in a cleanroom at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, being readied for launch on February 6, 2009. All TIROS spacecraft were built by Lockheed Martin and its heritage companies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.439969062805176, "source": "search", "title": "World’s First Weather Satellite Launched 50 Years Ago ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The TIROS-1 satellite was built by RCA Astro Electronics in East Windsor, New Jersey. The General Electric Corporation purchased RCA in 1986 and Astro Electronics was renamed GE Astro Space. Martin Marietta acquired it in 1993, and it would become part of Lockheed Martin when that company merged with the Lockheed Corporation in 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.613798141479492, "source": "search", "title": "World’s First Weather Satellite Launched 50 Years Ago ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "TIROS-1 demonstrated the advantage of mapping Earth’s cloud cover from satellite altitudes. The first views revealed clouds banded and clustered in unexpected ways. The mission also succeeded in verifying experimental television techniques designed to develop a worldwide meteorological satellite information system, and testing Sun angle and horizon sensor systems for spacecraft orientation. While the satellite operated for only 78 days, it paved the way for far more robust spacecraft that have made a lasting impact on weather prediction. In all, 44 TIROS satellites were launched between 1960 and 2009. Through five decades of service, they have earned the reputation as the workhorses of the Civil Space Earth-imaging inventory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.018223285675049, "source": "search", "title": "World’s First Weather Satellite Launched 50 Years Ago ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "The current generation of civilian weather satellites has a direct lineage to TIROS-1. The Advanced TIROS-N satellite series are called Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). The satellites are acquired and launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and once on-orbit operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.229857087135315, "source": "search", "title": "World’s First Weather Satellite Launched 50 Years Ago ..." }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "Though the term “satellite” may conjure up images of a complicated piece of space age wizardly, TIROS-1 was made from a simple aluminum and stainless steel drum. It measured only 42 inches across and 19 inches high, and weighed 270 pounds. It contained two TV cameras, which sent images back to the ground station at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, and was powered by 9,200 solar cells mounted on the outside of the drum. Five antennas were needed to communicate with the ground station, one to receive control signals from the ground, and another four to transmit images back to Earth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.002856254577637, "source": "search", "title": "America's First Weather Satellite - Farmers' Almanac" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "TIROS-1 functioned for only 78 days — it had been designed to remain operational for 93 days — and could only operate during daylight hours. In that time, though, it sent thousands of useful pictures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192543029785156, "source": "search", "title": "America's First Weather Satellite - Farmers' Almanac" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "Over the following five years, NASA continued to launch successive TIROS weather satellites — ten in all — into orbit. Though none of them remain functional, nine out of the 10 TIROS series satellites are still in orbit today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.475362777709961, "source": "search", "title": "America's First Weather Satellite - Farmers' Almanac" }, { "answer": "Tiros", "passage": "Today, weather satellites are one of the primary ways meteorologists predict the weather. Satellite images from space are the source of those moving cloud animations you see on televised weather reports. We’ve come a long way since TIROS-1, though. Today’s weather satellites are designed to last for many years, and use special instruments, instead of TV cameras, to record infrared, microwave or other kinds of radiation. This more sophisticated technology allows them to operate around the clock, and to transmit more accurate information than TIROS could.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9609463214874268, "source": "search", "title": "America's First Weather Satellite - Farmers' Almanac" } ]

[ { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "Trading Places is a 1983 American comedy film directed by John Landis, starring Dan Aykroyd and Eddie Murphy. It tells the story of an upper-class commodities broker and a homeless street hustler whose lives cross paths when they are unknowingly made part of an elaborate bet. Ralph Bellamy, Don Ameche, Denholm Elliott, and Jamie Lee Curtis also star. The storyline is often called a modern take on Mark Twain's classic 19th-century novel The Prince and the Pauper. It also bears a resemblance to another of Mark Twain's stories, The Million Pound Bank Note.", "precise_score": 10.647061347961426, "rough_score": 10.315073013305664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Trading Places" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "‎Trading Places (1983) directed by John Landis • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd", "precise_score": 10.35726547241211, "rough_score": 10.351813316345215, "source": "search", "title": "‎Trading Places (1983) directed by John Landis • Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "A successful director, John Landis is best known for his comedies, which include National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), The Blues Brothers (1980) and Trading Places (1983). Branching out into television, Landis helped create the HBO comedy Dream On in the early 1990s. More recently, Landis has directed episodes of such television shows as Psych, Masters of Horror and Fear Itself.", "precise_score": 7.3926591873168945, "rough_score": 8.015600204467773, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Director - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "It is a remake of an English movie, Trading Places(1983) directed by John Landis with the lead roles of Eddie Murphy, Dan Aykroyd and Ralph Bellamy.", "precise_score": 10.027352333068848, "rough_score": 10.686372756958008, "source": "search", "title": "Donga Mogudu |Telugu Full Movie | Chiranjeevi, Bhanupriya ..." }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "The moving image collection of John Landis is held at the Academy Film Archive. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.307887077331543, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Landis" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "John Landis - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320712089538574, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "John Landis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303144454956055, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "John Landis began his career in the mail room of 20th Century-Fox. A high-school dropout, 18-year-old Landis made his way to Yugoslavia to work as a production assistant on Kelly's Heroes (1970). Remaining in Europe, Landis found work as an actor, extra and stuntman in many of the Spanish/Italian \"spaghetti\" westerns. Returning to the US, he made his feature debut as a writer-director at age 21 with Schlock (1973), an affectionate tribute to monster movies. Clad in a Rick Baker -designed gorilla suit, Landis starred as \"Schlockthropus\", the missing link. After working as a writer, actor and production assistant, Landis made his second film, The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977), in collaboration with the Zucker brothers and Jim Abrahams . Landis rose to international recognition as director of the wildly successful Animal House (1978). With blockbusters such as The Blues Brothers (1980), Trading Places (1983), Spies Like Us (1985), ¡Three Amigos! (1986) and Coming to America (1988), Landis has directed some of the most popular film comedies of all time. Other feature credits include Into the Night (1985), Innocent Blood (1992) and the comedy/horror genre classic An American Werewolf in London (1981), which he also wrote. In 1986 Landis and four others, were acquitted of responsibility for the tragic accident that occurred in Landis' segment of Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983) in which actor Vic Morrow and two child actors were killed. The film also included segments directed by Joe Dante , George Miller and Steven Spielberg . In 1983 Landis wrote and directed the groundbreaking music video of Michael Jackson 's Michael Jackson: Thriller (1983), created originally to play as a theatrical short. \"Thriller\" forever changed MTV and the concept of music videos, garnering multiple accolades including the MTV Video Music Awards for Best Overall Video, Viewer's Choice, and the Video Vanguard Award - The Greatest Video in the History of the World. In 1991 \"Thriller\" was inducted into the MVPA's Hall of Fame. In 1991, Landis collaborated again with Jackson (I) on Michael Jackson: Black or White (1991), which premiered simultaneously in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million. Although it was not the first motion picture or music video to do so, \"Black or White\" popularized the use of \"digital morphing\", where one object appears to seamlessly metamorphoses into another; the project raised the standard for state-of-the-art special effects in music videos. Landis has also been active in television as the executive producer (and often director) of the Ace- and Emmy Award-winning HBO series Dream On (1990). Other TV shows produced by his company, St. Clare Entertainment (St. Clare is the patron saint of television), include Weird Science (1994), Sliders (1995), Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show (1997), Campus Cops (1995) and The Lost World (1998). In 2004 the Independent Film Channel broadcast his feature-length documentary about a used-car salesman, Slasher (2004). Deer Woman, an original one-hour episode written by Landis and his son Max Landis , inaugurated the Masters of Horror (2005) series in the fall of 2005 on Showtime. \"Masters of Horror\" also features one-hour episodes by John Carpenter , Roger Corman , Tobe Hooper , Don Coscarelli , Mick Garris , Dario Argento and Larry Cohen .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.755756855010986, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "Close friend, George Lucas , offered John Landis the role of director on Howard the Duck (1986). After reading the script Landis turned down the opportunity due to the police car crashes in the finale. He felt this was too similar to that of his previous film The Blues Brothers (1980).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.412484169006348, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "During the filming of The Blues Brothers (1980) John Belushi 's drug use was at its height. On a day of filming Belushi didn't want to come out of his trailer. John Landis, who was fed up with Belushi and his antics, reportedly forced his way in to Belushi's trailer, grabbed all of Belushi's drug stash and flushed them down the toilet. Landis told him he wasn't going to be putting up this anymore.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.356231689453125, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "You can always count on John Landis for a very strangely plotted three acts. The of fish out of water comedy king Eddie Murphy finds himself in a classic life swap with your boy Dan Aykroyd. Complete with old racist business man bad guys, and Jamie Lee Curtis showing her giant boobs a lot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.418647766113281, "source": "search", "title": "‎Trading Places (1983) directed by John Landis • Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "Trading Places is a screwball comedy from director John Landis in 1983 (it marked his first collaboration with Eddie Murphy). It is an old fashioned satire along the lines of something Frank Capra or Preston Sturges would have made 40 years earlier. It has a Prince and the Pauper plot wherein two men from vastly different backgrounds switch places. It was a huge hit in the summer of 1983, further cementing Eddie Murphy as one of the most bankable stars of the decade. Dan Aykroyd and Jamie Lee Curtis costar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.683733940124512, "source": "search", "title": "Trading Places - Three Movie Buffs: Movie Reviews" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "John Landis - Director - Biography.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.63570785522461, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Director - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "John Landis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303144454956055, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Director - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "A successful director, John Landis is best known for his comedies, which include National Lampoon's Animal House, The Blues Brothers and Trading Places.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2219234704971313, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Director - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "John Landis", "passage": "Director, screenwriter and actor John Landis was born on August 3, 1950, in Chicago, Illinois. A successful director, John Landis is best known for his comedies, which include National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), The Blues Brothers (1980), and Trading Places (1983). He started out his career in the mail room at 20th Century Fox and soon found other behind-the-scenes jobs, including working as a stuntman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.387409687042236, "source": "search", "title": "John Landis - Director - Biography.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "Flynn was born in a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania, where his father, Theodore, was a lecturer (1909) and later professor (1911) of biology at the University of Tasmania. Flynn was born at the Queen Alexandra Hospital in Battery Point. His mother was born Lily Mary Young, but dropped the first names Lily Mary shortly after she was married and changed her name to Marelle. Flynn described his mother's family as \"seafaring folk\" and this appears to be where his lifelong interest in boats and the sea originated. Despite Flynn's claims, the evidence indicates that he was not descended from any of the Bounty mutineers. Married at St. John's Church of England, Birchgrove, Sydney, on 23 January 1909, both of his parents were native-born Australians of Irish, English and Scottish descent. ", "precise_score": 5.295259952545166, "rough_score": 3.2023725509643555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Errol Flynn" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "After early schooling in Hobart, from 1923 to 1925 Flynn was educated at the South West London College, a private boarding school in Barnes, London, and in 1926 returned to Australia to attend Sydney Church of England Grammar School (Shore School) where he was the classmate of a future Australian prime minister, John Gorton. He concluded his formal education with being expelled from Shore for theft,Moore, John Hammond 'The Young Errol Flynn Before Hollywood' (2nd Edition, 2011), Trafford Publishing and—according to his own account—having been caught in a romantic assignation with the school's laundress. After being dismissed from a job as a junior clerk with a Sydney shipping company for pilfering petty cash, he went to Papua New Guinea at the age of eighteen, seeking and failing to find his fortune in tobacco planting and metals mining. He spent the next five years oscillating between the New Guinea frontier territory and Sydney. In January 1931, he became engaged to Naomi Campbell-Dibbs, the youngest daughter of Mr and Mrs R Campbell-Dibbs of Temora and Bowral NSW, a relationship which ended before 1935. ", "precise_score": 5.55730676651001, "rough_score": 3.1042897701263428, "source": "wiki", "title": "Errol Flynn" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "Errol Flynn, in full Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn (born June 20, 1909, Hobart , Tasmania , Australia —died Oct. 14, 1959, Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada ), Australian actor, celebrated during his short but colourful lifetime as the screen’s foremost swashbuckler.", "precise_score": 8.922409057617188, "rough_score": 9.46594524383545, "source": "search", "title": "Errol Flynn | Australian actor | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "About 24% of Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organised sporting activities. At an international level, Australia has excelled at cricket, field hockey, netball, rugby league and rugby union. The majority of Australians live within the coastal zone, making the beach a popular recreation spot and an integral part of the nation's identity. Australia is a powerhouse in water-based sports, such as swimming and surfing. The surf lifesaving movement originated in Australia, and the volunteer lifesaver is one of the country's icons. Nationally, other popular sports include Australian rules football, horse racing, basketball, surfing, soccer, and motor racing. The annual Melbourne Cup horse race and the Sydney to Hobart yacht race attract intense interest. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.345725059509277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Australia" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "* In 2005, a small waterfront reserve in Sandy Bay, a suburb of Flynn's hometown of Hobart, was renamed from Short Beach to the \"Errol Flynn Reserve\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5617178678512573, "source": "wiki", "title": "Errol Flynn" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "* In June 2009 the Errol Flynn Society of Tasmania Inc. organised the Errol Flynn Centenary Celebration, a 10-day series of events designed to celebrate the 100th anniversary of his birth. Be 'in like Flynn' to 10 days of events! On the actual centenary, 20 June 2009, his daughter Rory Flynn unveiled a star with his name on the footpath outside Hobart's heritage State Cinema. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.710399866104126, "source": "wiki", "title": "Errol Flynn" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "Flynn's lectureship was initially temporary, but he soon showed his worth, and in 1911 withdrew from an appointment as Macleay research fellow of the Linnean Society of New South Wales to accept the first chair of biology in Hobart as the Ralston professor. The terms of his appointment included liberal provision for research and he pursued a vigorous study of the marsupials of Tasmania and also did original work on megapodes. The Australian Antarctic Expedition of 1912 attracted his interest and he took charge of some research during the Aurora's summer cruise. He also devoted considerable time to fishery research and in 1915 was appointed royal commissioner to enquire into Tasmanian fisheries. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of Tasmania (1909) and in 1913-19 a trustee of the Tasmanian Museum and Botanical Gardens. He gained his D.Sc. at the University of Sydney in 1921 for work on marsupial embryology.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.548694610595703, "source": "search", "title": "flynn-errol-leslie-6364 - Australian Dictionary of Biography" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "In September 1930 Flynn left Hobart for London to continue his research on marsupial embryology, and also to seek funds on behalf of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science for scientific and economic exploration of the south-west coast of Tasmania. Next January he was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation grant to carry out research with his former mentor, Professor J. P. Hill , on the development of monotreme ovum. In June he took up the chair of zoology at Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; he also became director of the marine station at Portaferry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.692826271057129, "source": "search", "title": "flynn-errol-leslie-6364 - Australian Dictionary of Biography" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "Errol was born on 20 June 1909 in Hobart. During a rebellious childhood he attended several Hobart schools, in none of which he lasted long, as well as South Western London College, while in London with his father, and Sydney Church of England Grammar School (Shore), from which he was expelled. In 1927, after a short period of office work with a Sydney shipping company, he began training as a district officer in New Guinea, but moved on to become in rapid succession copra plantation overseer, partner in a charter schooner business and gold prospector. He purchased the cutter Sirocco in Sydney in 1930; his seven-month journey back to New Guinea, where as manager of a tobacco plantation at Laloki he wrote columns on New Guinea life for the Sydney Bulletin, became the subject of his first book Beam Ends (1937). Sailing remained a lifelong hobby.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9864301681518555, "source": "search", "title": "flynn-errol-leslie-6364 - Australian Dictionary of Biography" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "Born on June 20, 1909 in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia(?)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.211625099182129, "source": "search", "title": "Errol Flynn Biography - OoCities" }, { "answer": "Hobart", "passage": "Birthplace: Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.010991096496582, "source": "search", "title": "Errol Flynn Biography (Actor) - Fact Monster" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "The United States established diplomatic relations with Kuwait in 1961 following its full independence from the United Kingdom. The United States shares a long history of friendship and cooperation with Kuwait, rooted in shared values, democratic traditions, and institutions. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. Military forces of the United States and a multinational coalition expelled Iraq in 1991. The United States supports Kuwait's sovereignty, security, and independence, as well as its multilateral diplomatic efforts to build greater cooperation among the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. From 2003, Kuwait provided the main platform for U.S. and coalition operations in Iraq. Kuwait played a key role in facilitating the withdrawal of U.S. combat troops and associated equipment from Iraq, which concluded in 2011. Kuwait is an important partner in U.S. counterterrorism efforts, providing assistance in the military, diplomatic, and intelligence arenas and also supporting efforts to block financing of terrorist groups.", "precise_score": -11.11741828918457, "rough_score": -10.920339584350586, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "Kuwait's Membership in International Organizations", "precise_score": -9.164474487304688, "rough_score": -10.366703987121582, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "Kuwait and the United States belong to a number of the same international organizations, including the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization.", "precise_score": -10.369857788085938, "rough_score": -10.430868148803711, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "Kuwait", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382964134216309, "source": "search", "title": "International Car Shipping from USA | Overseas Auto Transport" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "Kuwait", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382964134216309, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "More information about Kuwait is available on the Kuwait Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421968460083008, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "U.S.-KUWAIT RELATIONS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416800498962402, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "U.S. Assistance to Kuwait", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.279706954956055, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "The United States provides no development assistance to Kuwait. The United States provides military and defense technical assistance to Kuwait from both foreign military sales and commercial sources. U.S. personnel assist the Kuwait military with training, education, readiness, and war fighting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140045166015625, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "The U.S. and Kuwaiti governments have signed a trade and investment framework agreement, providing a forum to address mutual trade concerns and needed economic reforms. The United States is Kuwait's largest supplier of goods and services, and Kuwait is one of the largest markets in the Middle East. Provided their prices are reasonable, U.S. firms have a competitive advantage in many areas requiring advanced technology, such as oil field equipment and services, electric power generation and distribution equipment, telecommunications gear, consumer goods, and military equipment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179503440856934, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "The U.S. Ambassador to Kuwait is c urrently vacant; other principal embassy officials are listed in the Department's Key Officers List .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3663969039917, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "Kuwait maintains an embassy in the United States at 2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008; tel. (202) 966-0702.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.106719970703125, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" }, { "answer": "Kuwait", "passage": "More information about Kuwait is available from the Department of State and other sources, some of which are listed here:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.454497337341309, "source": "search", "title": "Kuwait - US Department of State" } ]

[ { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Christopher Livingstone Eubanks (born 8 August 1966),. Retrieved 2 July 2016. known as Chris Eubank, is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1985 to 1998. He held the WBO middleweight and super-middleweight titles, scoring victories over six world champions, and is ranked by BoxRec as the third best British super-middleweight boxer of all time. A slick, awkward and unorthodox fighter, Eubank had natural athleticism, coupling speed and one-punch knockout power used together with ease.", "precise_score": 4.4709320068359375, "rough_score": 7.208132743835449, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "A rematch with Watson for the vacant WBO super-middleweight title took place in September 1991, in which Watson suffered a near-fatal injury. Eubank was behind on all scorecards after 10 rounds, and was knocked down 18 seconds from the end of the round. He rose from the canvas (being given only a standing four-count instead of eight) to unleash a devastating uppercut to Watson's jaw right at the end of the round, knocking Watson's head and neck backwards into the ring ropes. The bell sounded to end the round as soon as Watson was up from the count. It was still obvious to all observers – and to Eubank himself – that he needed a knockout to win: and early in the 12th, with Watson still visibly shaken, the fight was stopped with Watson under a flurry of punches from Eubank. Soon after the fight Watson collapsed in his corner. His condition may have been worsened by delay in receiving medical attention: there was no ambulance or paramedic at the event and after eight minutes on the ring floor, Watson was attended by doctors wearing dinner jackets, arriving late. Following the fight, Eubank contemplated quitting the sport. Commentator Reg Gutteridge claimed, in the moment, he had, \"never seen a more dramatic end to a world title fight\". Eubank later reflected on the aftermath: \"I lost my finishing instinct in the ring – I couldn't finish fights any more. However, I needed to work and so I carried on and I won most of my fights on decisions. And I blamed myself, after all, it was me who threw the punch.\" ", "precise_score": 2.0419552326202393, "rough_score": 5.639326572418213, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "After Steve Collins withdrew from his WBO super-middleweight title defence against Joe Calzaghe and unexpectedly retired in October 1997, Calzaghe was matched against Eubank for the vacant title with eleven days notice. Eubank had been scheduled to box at light-heavyweight on the undercard. Eubank was knocked down twice and lost on points to Calzaghe, but saw his popularity rise as a result of managing to finish the fight against his more fancied opponent.", "precise_score": 1.9198048114776611, "rough_score": 6.28092098236084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Chris Eubank at this point in his career was 23-0. He was the current WBC International Middleweight champion and although he had fought a few experienced fighters he had not fought anybody of note. He had earned himself however a WBO World Title shot against Nigel Benn for November 1990.", "precise_score": 7.4705023765563965, "rough_score": 7.303338050842285, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank vs Reginaldo Dos Santos 22.9.1990 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Chris Eubank went on to beat Nigel Benn and win the WBO World Middleweight title, marking the beginning of a great era for British middleweights and super middleweights. In 1991 Eubank would win the vacant WBO World Super Middleweight title. He would remain undefeated until 1995. In 1998, Eubank twice challenged Carl Thompson for the WBO World Cruiserweight title but came up short on both occasions. He retired following these losses with a 45-5-2 record.", "precise_score": 6.128101825714111, "rough_score": 7.899727821350098, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank vs Reginaldo Dos Santos 22.9.1990 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Calzaghe, a southpaw, began boxing at age nine. In more than 12 amateur contests, he won four schoolboy ABA titles, followed by three consecutive senior British ABA titles (British Championships) between 1991 and 1993. This made him only the second boxer in history to win in welter, light-middleweight and middleweight divisions. He also beat future WBO and IBF World heavyweight champion Chris Byrd as a middleweight in 1992. Calzaghe received his last defeats at the hands of Michael Smyth in the 1990 Welsh ABA final and Romanian amateur Adrian Opreda at the 1990 European Junior Championships in Prague.", "precise_score": 0.9344268441200256, "rough_score": 5.600802898406982, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "In 1990 he beat highly rated Brazilian Reginaldo Dos Santos in 20 seconds to win an inter-continental title and a World title shot, then won the WBO World middleweight title against Nigel Benn in a classic encounter that was later released on DVD. Eubank would defend the title successfully against Dan Sherry, Gary Stretch and finally in an excellent match with Michael Watson. This concluded Eubank's career as a middleweight, with a 28-0 record.", "precise_score": 6.60386323928833, "rough_score": 7.401573181152344, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "The Watson rematch won Eubank a second title, the WBO World super-middleweight championship. His middleweight title relinquished, Eubank began defending his new crown at the higher weight of 12st to which he was more suited.", "precise_score": 6.403993606567383, "rough_score": 7.224018573760986, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Chris Eubank returned to boxing a year later, organising a two fight program to box where he would have defended his title in the sky deal, beating Luis Barrera in Cairo, Egypt, and Camilo Alarcon in Dubai. He then signed a deal with Frank Warren to fight again on Sky. Eubank again accepted a title fight at short notice again when Collins retired before facing Joe Calzaghe. Chris had returned to training for a challenge for the WBC intercontinental light-heavyweight title, with a view to a World title shot at that weight. Yet with his old title vacated, he accepted the offer to try to regain his old title, facing a young and fit Joe Calzaghe. After an exhausting two week weight draining regimen Eubank fought bravely in losing a 12 round decision. Calzaghe, who has held the WBO title for ten years since that fight, claims Eubank gave him the hardest fight of his career. This proved to be the last fight of his super-middleweight career, with his record standing at 45 wins and 3 losses.", "precise_score": 5.370526313781738, "rough_score": 7.36131477355957, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Stretch's biggest fight came in 1991 when he challenged Chris Eubank for the WBO World middleweight championship in London, in a fight billed as \"Beauty V the Best\". Stretch suffered a cut behind the ear in the first round and was shaken by an uppercut in the third. Eubank was down twice in the fight, in the second and third rounds, but on both occasions was judged to have slipped by the referee. In the sixth round Stretch had a point deducted for pushing Eubank onto the canvas; Stretch was then shaken by a right hand from Eubank who subsequently knocked Stretch down twice.", "precise_score": 1.5765546560287476, "rough_score": 6.164505481719971, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "In 1993 Calzaghe turned professional and won his first match. Under the management of Mickey Duff and Terry Lawless, he continued to defeat his opponents but never fought in a world championship bout. Displeased with his management, in 1996 he switched to Frank Warren’s Sports Network, and in 1997 he defeated Chris Eubank to win the World Boxing Organization (WBO) super middleweight championship. He went on to win the International Boxing Federation (IBF) title in 2006.", "precise_score": 0.6960626840591431, "rough_score": 6.197020053863525, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe | Welsh boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Nigel won his first world title in 1990 by demolishing Doug DeWitt to claim the World Boxing Organisation’s (WBO) world middleweight title. He defended his WBO title successfully against former world champion Iran Barkley before facing Chris Eubank in the first of two clashes leading to a rivalry which would become legendary in world boxing.", "precise_score": 4.759913444519043, "rough_score": 7.237648010253906, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Benn » About Nigel" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "In 1867, the Marquess of Queensberry rules were drafted by John Chambers for amateur championships held at Lillie Bridge in London for Lightweights, Middleweights and Heavyweights. The rules were published under the patronage of the Marquess of Queensberry, whose name has always been associated with them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.6797513961792, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "* Bolo punch : Occasionally seen in Olympic boxing, the bolo is an arm punch which owes its power to the shortening of a circular arc rather than to transference of body weight; it tends to have more of an effect due to the surprise of the odd angle it lands at rather than the actual power of the punch. This is more of a gimmick than a technical maneuver; this punch is not taught, being on the same plane in boxing technicality as is the Ali shuffle. Nevertheless, a few professional boxers have used the bolo-punch to great effect, including former welterweight champions Sugar Ray Leonard, and Kid Gavilan. Middleweight champion Ceferino Garcia is regarded as the inventor of the bolo punch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.181894302368164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "The WBHF was founded by Everett L. Sanders in 1980. Since its inception the WBHOF has never had a permanent location or museum, which has allowed the more recent IBHOF to garner more publicity and prestige. Among the notable names in the WBHF are Ricardo \"Finito\" Lopez, Gabriel \"Flash\" Elorde, Michael Carbajal, Khaosai Galaxy, Henry Armstrong, Jack Johnson, Roberto Durán, George Foreman, Ceferino Garcia and Salvador Sanchez. Boxing's International Hall of Fame was inspired by a tribute an American town held for two local heroes in 1982. The town, Canastota, New York, (which is about 15 mi east of Syracuse, via the New York State Thruway), honored former world welterweight/middleweight champion Carmen Basilio and his nephew, former world welterweight champion Billy Backus. The people of Canastota raised money for the tribute which inspired the idea of creating an official, annual hall of fame for notable boxers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.234845161437988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "He was a world champion for over five years, undefeated in his first ten years as a professional, and remained undefeated at middleweight. His world title contests against fellow Britons Nigel Benn and Michael Watson helped British boxing ride a peak of popularity in the 1990s, with Eubank's eccentric personality making him one of the most recognisable celebrities of the period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8620617985725403, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "In his final two years of boxing he challenged then-up and coming contender Joe Calzaghe in a bid to reclaim his WBO super-middleweight title, with a victorious Calzaghe later claiming that it was the toughest fight of his whole career. Eubank's last two fights were against WBO junior-heavyweight champion Carl Thompson, both of which were brutal encounters. In the rematch, Eubank was stopped for the first and only time in his career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.67474627494812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "WBO middleweight champion", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6254019737243652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Eubank won the WBO middleweight title against Nigel Benn (and the odds) in a classic encounter that was later released on DVD: a gruelling battle which ended when Benn (ahead on points, but only narrowly) was stopped on his feet near the end of round 9. Eubank would defend the title successfully against Dan Sherry (in a fight cut short by a headbutt, for which Eubank was penalised 2 points but still won on points over the 9 completed rounds), fellow Briton Gary Stretch and finally in an excellent match with another fellow Briton, Michael Watson, fighting him to a narrow 12-round majority decision in Eubank's favour. This concluded Eubank's career as a middleweight, with a 28–0 record.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.950648784637451, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "WBO super-middleweight champion", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7237558364868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Now the holder of a second title, Eubank relinquished his middleweight title and concentrated on defending his new crown at the higher weight of . After the Watson tragedy Eubank never again showed any desire to knock opponents out, preferring to retain his title through points victories. He made successful defences against \"Sugarboy\" Malinga, the American quartet of John Jarvis, Ron Essett, Tony Thornton and former World Champion Lindell Holmes, as well as Juan Carlos Giminez Ferreyra and a draw with fellow Briton Ray Close.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.362532138824463, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Nigel Benn moved up to super middleweight and became WBC champion. The pair agreed to meet in a WBC/WBO unification rematch. In 1993 the rivals would engage in another contest named 'Judgement Day' watched by a reported 1 billion people and fought an exciting contest – albeit less brutal than their first – to a draw. Don King had negotiated the contracts so that he would own both the winner and the loser of Eubank v Benn 2. Barry Hearn claimed that, as a draw was not written into the contract, Eubank was free to sign a new deal with him instead of King. He did – and Benn also did not sign for King, on the same pretext.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.091786861419678, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Following the Benn fight, Eubank went on to defeat Graciano Rocchigiani of Germany, the undefeated former IBF super-middleweight title holder. After a split points victory over Ray Close, in the King's Hall Belfast, Eubank signed an eight-fight £10-million deal with Sky Sports for contests in South Africa, Manchester, London and Millstreet. Eubank made five further successful defences, beating British world title contenders Henry Wharton and Sam Storey as well as unbeaten Dan Schommer and Mauricio Amaral Costa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1743552684783936, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chris Eubank" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "The WBO's first president was Ramon Pina Acevedo of the Dominican Republic. Soon after its beginning, the WBO was staging world championship bouts around the globe. Its first championship fight was for its vacant super-middleweight title, between Thomas Hearns and James Kinchen; Hearns won by decision. In order to gain respectability, the WBO next elected former world light-heavyweight champion José Torres of Ponce, Puerto Rico, as its president. Torres left in 1996, giving way to Puerto Rican lawyer Francisco Varcarcel as president. Varcarcel has been there since.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.223344326019287, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Boxing Organization" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "The WBO twice moved Darrin Morris up in its super-middleweight rankings in 2001, despite the fact that he was dead. Morris was Number 7 at the time of his death and Number 5 when the WBO discovered the error. Varcarcel said, \"We obviously missed the fact that Darrin was dead. It is regrettable.\" Valcarcel also stated that other boxing sanctioning organizations had made similar errors in the past by continuing to rank another boxer after he was dead. One week after British newspaper The Independent broke the story that one of the three men ranking the boxers, Gordon Volkman, still had not heard that Morris was dead. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.572564125061035, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Boxing Organization" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "In 2014, it came to the attention of the media via social networks that the WBO allegedly failed to present their former Junior Middleweight champion Paul \"Silky\" Jones with his title belt. Jones claims that he never received his belt almost 20 years after originally winning it. Fans of the popular British fighter started an ongoing campaign titled Get Silky His Belt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8102378845214844, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Boxing Organization" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "WBC International Middleweight champion, Chris Eubank, takes on the Brazilian Super Middleweight champion, Reginaldo Dos Santos, in a warm up bout before his world title fight with Nigel Benn. More info below...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.3470659255981445, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank vs Reginaldo Dos Santos 22.9.1990 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Reginaldo was 11-3 and was the reigning Brazilian Super Middleweight Champion. Since the beginning of his career, Reginaldo had boxed as various weights, anywhere from 159lbs all the way up to 175lbs. He had challenged for the Brazilian Middleweight title in 1987 and even the Brazilian Light Heavyweight title in 1988 but failed to win either, losing both on points.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.881243705749512, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank vs Reginaldo Dos Santos 22.9.1990 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Reginaldo Dos Santos would lose his next 8 fights, 7 by way of KO. He lost his Brazilian Super Middleweight title in 1991 and unsuccessfully challenged for the Brazilian Cruiser Weight title in 1993. He took a 2 year hiatus from boxing and returned in 1995 to win four fights in a row, albeit against opponents with very little skill or experience. He retired in 1996 with a 15-12 record.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.550510883331299, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank vs Reginaldo Dos Santos 22.9.1990 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo Super Middleweight World Title Official Onsite Programme Signed With Rare Full Signature And Inscribed By Calzaghe || Boxing Memorabilia || Champs UK", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9456576108932495, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Joe Calzaghe vs Chris Eubank WBO Super Middleweight World Title Official Onsite Programme SIGNED With RARE FULL SIGNATURE And INSCRIBED By Calzaghe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8074415922164917, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Joe Calzaghe vs Chris Eubank WBO super middleweight World title official on-site 39 page programme SIGNED with RARE FULL SIGNATURE and INSCRIBED \"Best Wishes\" by Joe Calzaghe also featuring Naseem Hamed vs Jose Badillo WBO featherweight World title billed, \"The Full Monty\", 11th October 1997, Sheffield Arena, Sheffield, Yorkshire.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.92341947555542, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Calzaghe is sometimes referred to as the \"Pride of Wales\", or the \"Italian Dragon\" in reference to his mixed heritage (the dragon being both a Welsh emblem and a Sardinian myth). He is the former WBO, WBA, WBC, IBF, The Ring Magazine and British super middleweight champion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.479789733886719, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Calzaghe is the longest-reigning World champion in recent years, having held the WBO super middleweight title for over ten years until he relinquished the title to concentrate on fighting at light-heavyweight. As his super-middleweight and light-heavyweight reigns overlapped, he retired with the longest continual time as World champion of any active fighter. He is part of the Team Calzaghe based at the Newbridge boxing club.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9693450927734375, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Joe has some big wins against former Super Middleweight World champions like WBO Champion Chris Eubank, WBC Champions Robin Reid and Richie Woodhall, IBF Champions Jeff Lacy and Charles Brewer, WBA Champion Byron Mitchell, Current IBO Champion Sakio Bika, Joe beat the then champion Mikkel Kessler for the WBA/WBC Titles. In 2008, he had wins over former WBA/WBO/WBC/IBF/RING Middleweight and RING Light Heavyweight Champion Bernard Hopkins, and over Roy Jones Jr who has held titles at Middleweight,Super Middle,Light Heavy and even Heavyweight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.034980535507202, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "WBO Super Middleweight Champion", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.111012935638428, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "2002 started with points wins against both the former IBF champion Charles Brewer and Miguel Jimenez in Cardiff, followed by a quick TKO of Tocker Pudwill, who took the fight at very short notice as a replacement for the injured Thomas Tate, in Newcastle in December. With the win Calzaghe successfully defended his WBO super-middleweight crown for the 12th time. After the fight, Calzaghe said: \"I'm one of the best pound-for-pound fighters in the World. I want to be remembered as one of the best British boxers ever.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9060271382331848, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "IBF Super-Middleweight Champion", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.6896390914917, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "On November 27, 2006, it was announced that Calzaghe had signed a contract to defend his WBO super middleweight title against former star of The Contender Peter Manfredo Jr. on April 7, 2007, at Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales to be shown on HBO. Because HBO didn't want to cover any fight with mandatory IBF challenger Robert Stieglitz, and with the opportunity if he won against Manfredo to fight Taylor in the summer, Calzaghe chose to fight Manfredo and as a result had to relinquish the IBF super middleweight championship. Both Calzaghe and Warren claimed that \"Stieglitz doesn't mean anything outside of Germany.\" Stieglitz went on to fight Alejandro Berrio for the vacant IBF title, losing in 3 rounds. Berrio in turn lost the title to Lucian Bute in his first defence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1614558696746826, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Unifying The Super Middleweight Division", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.141526222229004, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "In May 2007, Frank Warren released details to BBC 5 Live and on his website that Calzaghe had accepted Mogens Palle's offer of $5 million to fight Mikkel Kessler in Copenhagen, Denmark. The bout took place at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium on November 4. The fight was a unification bout for the WBO/WBA super/WBC/Ring Magazine super-middleweight titles. Calzaghe won by unanimous decision, surpassing the 20 defences made by Bernard Hopkins and Larry Holmes at middleweight and heavyweight respectively. Only Joe Louis with 25 defences of the undisputed heavyweight title and Dariusz Michalczewski with 23 defences of the WBO light heavyweight title have more defences of a title.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.154079437255859, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe Vs Chris Eubank Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Watson rose quickly though the WBO Middleweight ranks, building a record of 18 wins, 1 loss and one draw before venturing for the first and only time outside his native soil. During that 20 fight span, he beat such notables as Don Lee and Ricky Stackhouse . Then, he went to Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, where he would fight to a two round technical draw (tie) with Israel Cole. Three wins followed, and then, Watson faced future world champion Nigel Benn for the British Commonwealth Middleweight title. In what would turn out to be his biggest career win, he defeated Benn by knockout in round six, on May 21, 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.19009077548980713, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Watson - BoxRec Boxing Records" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo Middleweight Championship Of The World Official Onsite Programme || Boxing Memorabilia || Champs UK", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6245286464691162, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Chris Eubank vs Gary Stretch WBO Middleweight Championship of The World Official Onsite Programme", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.031592175364494324, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Chris Eubank vs Gary Stretch WBO middleweight championship of the World billed, \"Beauty And The Best\" official on-site 36 page programme, 18th April 1991, Earls Court Exhibition Hall, London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.224591255187988, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "After injuring Watson permanently, Eubank never again showed his desire to win by knockout, and became an 'out-fighter', winning many fights on points and retaining his WBO World super-middleweight title.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.71842622756958, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Nigel Benn moved up to super middleweight and became WBC champion. The pair agreed to meet in a WBC/WBO unification rematch. In 1993 the rivals would engage in another contest named 'Judgement Day', and watched by millions, fought thrillingly to a draw.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6535242795944214, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Former IBF World super-middleweight king Lindell Holmes was easily beaten, as was two-time WBC World super-middleweight champion 'Sugar Boy' Malinga, European champion Ray Close and American champion Ron Esset.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.765453338623047, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "A left-handed fighter, Stretch boxed most of his career as a light-middleweight, rising to become British champion in that division.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4602632522583, "source": "search", "title": "Chris Eubank Vs Gary Stretch Wbo ... - Boxing Memorabilia" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Joe Calzaghe, (born March 23, 1972, London , England ), Welsh professional boxer. At the start of the 21st century, he ranked as the longest-reigning champion in professional boxing history, with an undefeated record in both the super middleweight and light heavyweight categories.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.044435977935791, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe | Welsh boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "In April 2007 Calzaghe fought Peter Manfredo, Jr., the runner-up on the American reality television boxing show The Contender. Calzaghe won the match easily in front of a crowd of 35,000, a record for an indoor boxing event in Europe. In November 2007 Calzaghe became the undisputed world champion when he won a decision over Danish boxer Mikkel Kessler, adding Kessler’s World Boxing Council (WBC) and World Boxing Association (WBA) titles to his own WBO and IBF championships. Calzaghe made his American debut in April 2008, winning a split decision over former undisputed middleweight champion Bernard Hopkins . In November 2008 he won a unanimous decision over American Roy Jones, Jr. , a former world champion in four weight classes, leading many boxing observers to proclaim Calzaghe the greatest Welsh boxer of all time. Calzaghe retired in February 2009 with an undefeated record in 46 career bouts, including 32 victories by knockout. In 2014 he was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.365553617477417, "source": "search", "title": "Joe Calzaghe | Welsh boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Nigel Benn is one of the greatest British boxers of all time and a true legend in the sport. Nigel is a two division world champion who holds the record for defending the World Boxing Council (WBC) super middleweight title an extraordinary nine times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.637964725494385, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Benn » About Nigel" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Nigel was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2013 and was named the WBC’s greatest super middleweight champion in history alongside Joe Calzaghe in 2014. Nigel’s image now appears on the 6th generation WBC champions belt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.786438941955566, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Benn » About Nigel" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Nigel won his first 22 professional contests all by way of knockout, at one point competing an astonishing 13 times over a 12 month period and obtaining the Commonwealth middleweight title along the way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.834292411804199, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Benn » About Nigel" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "After losing his WBO world middleweight title to Eubank, Nigel won his next six professional bouts before claiming the WBC world super middleweight title from Italian Mauro Galvano by a 4th round KO in Mauro’s home country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.253851890563965, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Benn » About Nigel" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Nigel fought Irish sensation Steve Collins twice in a bid to regain a world title but was stopped in both WBO world super middleweight title bouts by the Irish boxing legend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0910139083862305, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Benn » About Nigel" }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Andy Lee victorious after landing historic blow against Matt Korobov to win WBO middleweight title - Telegraph", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2144789695739746, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Lee victorious after landing historic blow against ..." }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Andy Lee victorious after landing historic blow against Matt Korobov to win WBO middleweight title", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3840110301971436, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Lee victorious after landing historic blow against ..." }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Andy Lee snuck under the radar winning the World Boxing Organisation middleweight title when he knocked out Matt Korobov in Las Vegas last weekend, but there was no hiding as he returned to his home town of Limerick on Wednesday as thousands turned out at the civic reception to celebrate his “gift-from-God right hook”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.725890636444092, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Lee victorious after landing historic blow against ..." }, { "answer": "Middleweight", "passage": "Lee believes that he could not have fulfilled his dream without Booth, and promotionally, they are in a powerful position, with Frank Warren’s star middleweight Billy Joe Saunders – who defeated Chris Eubank Jnr in November – lined up as the WBO’s mandated challenger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5709468722343445, "source": "search", "title": "Andy Lee victorious after landing historic blow against ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Glenn Medeiros", "passage": "\"She Ain't Worth It\" is a song recorded by Glenn Medeiros with a rap verse from singer Bobby Brown. It hit number one for two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 on July 21, 1990, becoming Medeiros' only number one hit in America and Brown's second and last number one hit after \"My Prerogative\". The single also reached the Top 20 in the UK Singles Chart where Medeiros had previously reached number 1 with his hit \"Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You\".", "precise_score": 7.768537998199463, "rough_score": 6.85538387298584, "source": "wiki", "title": "She Ain't Worth It" }, { "answer": "Glenn Medeiros", "passage": "She Aint Worth It - Glenn Medeiros / Bobby Brown 12\"", "precise_score": 7.0860137939453125, "rough_score": 6.602887153625488, "source": "search", "title": "She Aint Worth It - Glenn Medeiros / Bobby Brown 12 ..." }, { "answer": "Glenn Medeiros", "passage": "Glenn Medeiros - She Aint Worth It lyrics | LyricsMode.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.418627738952637, "source": "search", "title": "Glenn Medeiros - She Aint Worth It lyrics | LyricsMode.com" }, { "answer": "Glenn Medeiros", "passage": "Glenn Medeiros – She Aint Worth It lyrics", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.493757247924805, "source": "search", "title": "Glenn Medeiros - She Aint Worth It lyrics | LyricsMode.com" }, { "answer": "Glenn Medeiros", "passage": "She Ain’t Worth It became Glenn Medeiros ‘ only number-one hit song to date, topping the Billboard Hot 100 for 2 weeks in July of 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.624921798706055, "source": "search", "title": "Glenn Medeiros – She Ain't Worth It Lyrics | Genius Lyrics" }, { "answer": "Glenn Medeiros", "passage": "She Aint Worth It - Glenn Medeiros / Bobby Brown 12\": Amazon.co.uk: Music", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.4563212394714355, "source": "search", "title": "She Aint Worth It - Glenn Medeiros / Bobby Brown 12 ..." }, { "answer": "Glenn Medieros", "passage": "This is far better than Greatest Hits that came out on MCA in 2000! They dug deeper to find Bobby Brown's best songs. Yes, the album songs, but his songs with New Edition, Glenn Medieros (where is he now?), Ja Rule and Whitney Houston. His duet with Whitney, 1992's Something in Common is very funky and probably might have encouraged Whitney to get out of big ballad hell a little bit for her 1998 album. The Glenn Medieros dance heavy song has more meat when Bobby hits his raps in the middle. Bobby's own hits of Don't Be Cruel, Prerogative, On Our Own, Get Away, Humpin Around, That's the Way Love Is, Feelin' Inside, Roni, Rock'Wit Cha and others still hold up today with their funky grooves and smooth feels. Even Bobby sounds strong on Ja Rule's song, a smart mix of Ja's macho rapping and Bobby's superb singing in the same song. It matches quite well with Bobby's bad boy image. I'd rather hear Bobby's music than his troubles with the law. He's currently recording a new album and I can't wait to hear how that sounds! I think he's hungry to get back out there while we listen to this wonderful collection of hits. It took a reality show to get his name back out there, but it will take his music to get Bobby Brown back on top again!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.295508861541748, "source": "search", "title": "Amazon.com: The Definitive Collection: Bobby Brown: MP3 ..." }, { "answer": "Glenn Medeiros", "passage": "There is no doubt that Bobby Brown is a great artist, but unfortunately he may be remembered as Mr Houston that got troubles to stay away from drugs rather then the lead singer of New Edition and a hit machine in the late 80's/early 90's but back then Bobby Brown was a great artist of his own, he was part of the new jack swing in the late 80's early 90's that mixed R&B/rap/hip hop and synth funk and scored loads of pop hits, from around 1988 to 1992 Bobby was frequently on the charts. This collection resembles the one given out a few years ago called \" Bobby Brown's Greatest Hits\", althought it also includes some songs from his New Edition time like (Mr Telephone Man) and some newer less popular songs like (Thug Lovin with Ja Rule) But other then that it's pretty much the same, the top hits like \"Don't Be Cruel, \"My Prerogative\" \"Every Little Step\" \"Roni\" and \"Rock With Cha\" \"She Ain't Worth It\"(With Glenn Medeiros) and \"Good Enough\" all appear here. The only song I'm missing out is the excellent song \"Two Can Play That Game\", but it didn't appear on the other collection either. If you don't have the other one and want to rememer that greatness of Bobby back in the day, get this collection cause it's full of great pop/R&b songs and it will help you discover that he was actually a very great artist on his own once upon a time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.229797840118408, "source": "search", "title": "Amazon.com: The Definitive Collection: Bobby Brown: MP3 ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "Leiber and Stoller were again in the studio for the recording of Elvis' Christmas Album. Toward the end of the session, they wrote a song on the spot at Presley's request: \"Santa Claus Is Back In Town\", an innuendo-laden blues. The holiday release stretched Presley's string of number one albums to four and would eventually become the best selling Christmas album of all time. After the session, Moore and Black—drawing only modest weekly salaries, sharing in none of Presley's massive financial success—resigned. Though they were brought back on a per diem basis a few weeks later, it was clear that they had not been part of Presley's inner circle for some time. On December 20, Presley received his draft notice. He was granted a deferment to finish the forthcoming King Creole, in which $350,000 had already been invested by Paramount and producer Hal Wallis. A couple of weeks into the new year, \"Don't\", another Leiber and Stoller tune, became Presley's tenth number one seller. It had been only 21 months since \"Heartbreak Hotel\" had brought him to the top for the first time. Recording sessions for the King Creole soundtrack were held in Hollywood mid-January. Leiber and Stoller provided three songs and were again on hand, but it would be the last time they worked closely with Presley. A studio session on February 1 marked another ending: it was the final occasion on which Black was to perform with Presley. He died in 1965. ", "precise_score": 0.0889456495642662, "rough_score": -2.40629243850708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elvis Presley" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "Many rock singers mimicked Elvis' singing style, early in their careers, before adopting their own style for which they are most remembered. The most successful, in that area, was Conway Twitty with his (1958-61) hit recordings of \"It's Only Make Believe\", \"The Story Of My Love\" and \"Lonely Blue Boy\", originally recorded by Elvis as \"Danny\" for King Creole (1958) but later cut from the film. Twitty later crossed over to the country field. Charlie Rich 's initial hit, \"Lonely Weekend\" (1960), followed the same pattern, long before he was known as country music's \"Silver Fox\". One of Johnny Rivers ' first recordings, \"You're The One\" (1958), and a 1956 recording of \"That'll Be The Day\" by Buddy Holly --not the 1957 million selling version that is most played--sounded like Elvis behind the mike. There were also \"one-hit wonders\" like Ral Donner , the narrative voice of Elvis in This Is Elvis (1981), who had a million seller with \"You Don't Know What You Got Until You Lose It\" (1961). Of course, there's Terry Stafford 's successful 1964 cover of Elvis' recording of \"Suspicion\".", "precise_score": -1.267708659172058, "rough_score": -3.105809211730957, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "That December Presley received his draft notice but was granted a 60-day deferment to complete filming King Creole, a drama based on the novel A Stone for Danny Fisher, costarring Carolyn Jones and Walter Mattau. These first four feature films are considered to be his best. Early in the game, Presley truly intended to be taken seriously as an actor. Unfortunately, once he left the service, the choice of roles was left entirely up to Colonel Parker, and the results were rarely satisfactory for either the audience or Presley. However, since Presley would not tour again until the early Seventies, it was through the films that most fans saw him. Despite anything that might be said of these films, that reason alone accounts for their massive success.", "precise_score": -5.04794454574585, "rough_score": -4.473001003265381, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "* King Creole (1958)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11506462097168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elvis Presley" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "He said that his favorite of all his films was King Creole (1958). He also said his film that he disliked the most was Clambake (1967).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.798300743103027, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "Most of the films he starred in were not critically acclaimed, although he received good reviews for Flaming Star (1960) and King Creole (1958).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.111433982849121, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "Curiously, cut from the 2009 issue of his critically acclaimed film King Creole (1958) was his performance of \"Hard Headed Woman\" a #1 hit for Elvis at the time of the film's release. A rare occurrence, possibly, the only time in film history that an essential musical number has been cut from a film, over a half-century after the film's release. Added in its place in 2009 is the then previously unseen stripper's sequence with the song \"Banana\". In 1958 the \"Banana\" scene, complete with female stripper, with its obvious phallic reference, would have been \"too much\" for the censors and mainstream America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.897337913513184, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "In December 1957, Elvis, by then a major star, was drafted into the U.S. military. After receiving a short deferment so he could wrap up production on his film “King Creole,” the 23-year-old was inducted into the Army as a private on March 24, 1958, amidst major media coverage. Assigned to the Second Armored Division, he attended basic training at Fort Hood, Texas. That August, while still at Fort Hood, he was granted emergency leave to visit his beloved mother, who was in poor health. Gladys Presley passed away at age 46 on August 16, 1958. The following month, Elvis shipped out for an assignment with the Third Armored Division in Friedberg, West Germany, where he served as a jeep driver and continued to receive stacks of fan mail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.037543296813965, "source": "search", "title": "7 Fascinating Facts About Elvis Presley - History in the ..." }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "King Creole, Elvis’ fourth motion picture, opens nationally and he receives rave reviews for his acting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.047449111938477, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline - Elvis Presley Official Web Site" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "and becomes one of the biggest television hits of the year. The television special opens with Elvis singing a new version of “Trouble,” from his 1958 film King Creole, before moving into “Guitar Man,” which becomes the underlying theme of the show. The special also featured Elvis on stage in the round, reunited with two of his original 1950s band members, Scotty Moore and D.J. Fontana, for an informal session of singing, jamming and swapping stories.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.384524345397949, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline - Elvis Presley Official Web Site" }, { "answer": "King Creole", "passage": "“Jailhouse Rock,” Elvis’ third motion picture, premieres in Memphis. “Jailhouse Rock” opens nationally on November 8 and peaks at #3. It ends up being #14 for the year. By 1969, its earnings in the U.S. and Canada were roughly comparable with those of “The Wizard of Oz.” The title song is a smash hit. Years later, this film will be considered one of Elvis’ best acting performances, surpassed only by “King Creole,” which is to follow in 1958. “Jailhouse Rock” will come to be considered the ultimate classic of all “rock opera” movies. The \"Jailhouse Rock\" production number in the film is to be recognized as the grandfather of pop/rock music videos, a music format to become widely popular by the 1980’s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.639074325561523, "source": "search", "title": "1954 - 1957 - Elvis Presley - Graceland Memphis TN" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tulsa, ok", "passage": "The 1977 U.S. Open was the 77th U.S. Open, held June 16–19 at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Hubert Green won the first of his two major titles, one stroke ahead of runner-up Lou Graham, the 1975 champion.", "precise_score": 9.842962265014648, "rough_score": 9.28996467590332, "source": "wiki", "title": "1977 U.S. Open (golf)" }, { "answer": "Tulsa", "passage": "Green began the final round with the lead, but 11 players were within three shots. Graham made a charge on the back nine, collecting birdies at 12, 14, 15, and 16 en route to a 68 (–2) and a 279 (–1) total. With four holes to play, Green needed to play even-par to win the championship. As he stepped off the 14th green, however, he was approached by tournament officials and a lieutenant with the Tulsa police, who told him that they had received a phone call threatening to assassinate Green while he played the 15th hole. Green decided to play on, then proceeded to hit his drive into a tree--which probably saved it from going out of bounds. He managed to hit his approach to 35 ft and two-putt for par without incident. Green birdied the 16th and took a two-stroke lead to the 18th tee. Although he struggled on the hole, he managed to make a 4-footer for bogey and the victory. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352373123168945, "source": "wiki", "title": "1977 U.S. Open (golf)" }, { "answer": "Tulsa, ok", "passage": "Where it was played: Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.092056274414062, "source": "search", "title": "1977 US Open Golf Tournament - Golf Compendium" } ]

[ { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "In 1847, American soldiers played what may have been the first baseball game in Mexico at Parque Los Berros in Xalapa, Veracruz. A few days after the Battle of Cerro Gordo, they used the \"wooden leg captured (by the Fourth Illinois regiment) from General Santa Anna\". The first formal baseball league outside of the United States and Canada was founded in 1878 in Cuba, which maintains a rich baseball tradition and whose national team has been one of the world's strongest since international play began in the late 1930s (all organized baseball in the country has officially been amateur since the Cuban Revolution). The Dominican Republic held its first islandwide championship tournament in 1912. Professional baseball tournaments and leagues began to form in other countries between the world wars, including the Netherlands (formed in 1922), Australia (1934), Japan (1936), Mexico (1937), and Puerto Rico (1938). The Japanese major leagues—the Central League and Pacific League—have long been considered the highest quality professional circuits outside of the United States. Japan has a professional minor league system as well, though it is much smaller than the American version—each team has only one farm club in contrast to MLB teams' four or five.", "precise_score": -5.730956077575684, "rough_score": -4.883387565612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "The 1973 Amateur World Series run by FIBA is listed in the history books as \"Amateur World Series XXI\" or \"Baseball World Cup XXI\" even though the event numbered \"XXII\" actually had begun and finished earlier - the 1973 Amateur World Series run by rival group FEMBA . Once the two organizations reconciled later in the decade, the current numbering system was put into place. The FIBA 1973 Amateur World Series was held in Havana , Cuba from November 25 through December 9 , 1973 .", "precise_score": -3.0042641162872314, "rough_score": -4.070151329040527, "source": "search", "title": "1973 Amateur World Series (FIBA) - Baseball-Reference.com" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "Prior to arriving in Seoul, Marquess led the national team to the silver medal at the World Amateur Baseball Championships in Italy. The Americans posted an 11-2 mark in the tournament, losing both games to gold medalist Cuba in the bottom of the ninth inning. For the summer, the USA squad posted a 42-11 overall record.", "precise_score": 1.877444863319397, "rough_score": -3.2202370166778564, "source": "search", "title": "Mark Marquess - 2012 Baseball Roster - GoStanford.com ..." }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "As head coach of the USA National Team, Marquess skippered the club to a silver medal at the 1987 Intercontinental Cup Tournament in Cuba. In the summer of 1984, he served as an assistant coach on the USA squad that competed at the World Amateur Championships that were also played in Cuba.", "precise_score": -1.5586603879928589, "rough_score": -8.118792533874512, "source": "search", "title": "Mark Marquess - 2012 Baseball Roster - GoStanford.com ..." }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "As head coach of the USA National Team, Marquess skippered the club to a silver medal at the 1987 Intercontinental Cup Tournament in Cuba. In the summer of 1984, he served as an assistant coach on the USA squad that competed at the World Amateur Championships that were also played in Cuba.", "precise_score": -1.5586603879928589, "rough_score": -8.118792533874512, "source": "search", "title": "Final Season in 2017 - GoStanford.com | Stanford Athletics" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "In the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series. The top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.643832206726074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "With America's entry into World War II, many professional players had left to serve in the armed forces. A large number of minor league teams disbanded as a result and the major league game seemed under threat as well. Chicago Cubs owner Philip K. Wrigley led the formation of a new professional league with women players to help keep the game in the public eye – the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League existed from 1943 to 1954. The inaugural College World Series was held in 1947, and the Babe Ruth League youth program was founded. This program soon became another important organizing body for children's baseball. The first crack in the unwritten agreement barring blacks from white-controlled professional ball occurred the previous year: Jackie Robinson was signed by the National League's Brooklyn Dodgers—where Branch Rickey had become general manager—and began playing for their minor league team in Montreal. In 1947, Robinson broke the major leagues' color barrier when he debuted with the Dodgers. Larry Doby debuted with the American League's Cleveland Indians the same year. Latin American players, largely overlooked before, also started entering the majors in greater numbers. In 1951, two Chicago White Sox, Venezuelan-born Chico Carrasquel and black Cuban-born Minnie Miñoso, became the first Hispanic All-Stars. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.438209533691406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "Writing in 1919, philosopher Morris Raphael Cohen described baseball as America's national religion. In the words of sports columnist Jayson Stark, baseball has long been \"a unique paragon of American culture\"—a status he sees as devastated by the steroid abuse scandal. Baseball has an important place in other national cultures as well: Scholar Peter Bjarkman describes \"how deeply the sport is ingrained in the history and culture of a nation such as Cuba, [and] how thoroughly it was radically reshaped and nativized in Japan.\" Since the early 1980s, the Dominican Republic, in particular the city of San Pedro de Macorís, has been the major leagues' primary source of foreign talent. Hall-of-Famer Roberto Clemente remains one of the greatest national heroes in Puerto Rico's history. While baseball has long been the island's primary athletic pastime, its once well-attended professional winter league has declined in popularity since 1990, when young Puerto Rican players began to be included in the major leagues' annual first-year player draft. In the Western Hemisphere, baseball is also one of the leading sports in Canada, Colombia, Mexico, the Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela. In Asia, it is among the most popular sports in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.167304992675781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "In Japan, where baseball is inarguably the leading spectator team sport, combined revenue for the twelve teams in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), the body that oversees both the Central and Pacific leagues, was estimated at $1 billion in 2007. Total NPB attendance for the year was approximately 20 million. While in the preceding two decades, MLB attendance grew by 50 percent and revenue nearly tripled, the comparable NPB figures were stagnant. There are concerns that MLB's growing interest in acquiring star Japanese players will hurt the game in their home country. In Cuba, where baseball is by every reckoning the national sport, the national team overshadows the city and provincial teams that play in the top-level domestic leagues. Revenue figures are not released for the country's amateur system. Similarly, according to one official pronouncement, the sport's governing authority \"has never taken into account attendance ... because its greatest interest has always been the development of athletes\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.673590660095215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "A varsity baseball team is an established part of physical education departments at most high schools and colleges in the United States. In 2008, nearly half a million high schoolers and over 35,000 collegians played on their schools' baseball teams. The number of Americans participating in baseball has declined since the late 1980s, falling well behind the number of soccer participants. By early in the 20th century, intercollegiate baseball was Japan's leading sport. Today, high school baseball in particular is immensely popular there. The final rounds of the two annual tournaments—the National High School Baseball Invitational Tournament in the spring, and the even more important National High School Baseball Championship in the summer—are broadcast around the country. The tournaments are known, respectively, as Spring Koshien and Summer Koshien after the 55,000-capacity stadium where they are played. In Cuba, baseball is a mandatory part of the state system of physical education, which begins at age six. Talented children as young as seven are sent to special district schools for more intensive training—the first step on a ladder whose acme is the national baseball team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.389640808105469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "  Cuba , as usual, won Gold, going 14-0 for manager Servio Borges . With the reduced field, they allowed only 5 runs in the tournament while scoring 119. Agustín Marquetti took home MVP honors after leading the tourney in RBI (21) and hits (25); he batted .417. Félix Isasi (.327) led in runs (20) and tied for the most homers (3), even with teammates Evelio Hernández (.524 in 21 AB) and Armando Capiró (.368). Wilfredo Sánchez (.364) led in steals (9). Luis Barreiro (3-0, 0.00) led in strikeouts (34) and tied for the win lead. Julio Romero (3-0, 0.00) led in ERA and tied for the most wins. Juan Pérez Pérez no-hit Venezuela, the first no-hitter for a Cuban in Amateur World Series history; ironically, he allowed Cuba's lone earned run(s) of the tournament with a 0.95 ERA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.852617263793945, "source": "search", "title": "1973 Amateur World Series (FIBA) - Baseball-Reference.com" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "  Puerto Rico won Silver at 10-3 and only lost 3-2 to Cuba one game (their other game against Cuba was a 10-0 defeat). Juan Fontánez led in average (.432). They were managed by Vic Power .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375306129455566, "source": "search", "title": "1973 Amateur World Series (FIBA) - Baseball-Reference.com" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "  United States won the event, going 10-0 to take home Gold. It was their first Gold ever in an Amateur World Series and was aided by the absence of Cuba, a member of FIBA. Rich Wortham won the finale, 1-0, in a duel of future major leaguers and had a 0.00 ERA in 27 innings. Orlando Gonzalez scored 12 runs to lead all players. Jimmie Hacker was named the All-Star at 3B, Wayne Krenchicki was picked at SS, Danny Goodwin at C and Wortham as LHP.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.357467651367188, "source": "search", "title": "1973 Amateur World Series (FEMBA) - BR Bullpen" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "Serving as head coach of USA Baseball in 1981, Marquess guided the U.S. collegiate team to a gold medal at the World Games in Santa Clara. Following that accomplishment, he led the club to the gold medal at the Intercontinental Cup in Edmonton, Canada. His squad edged Cuba, 5-4, in the finals to mark the first time since 1970 that the United States had beaten the Cubans in international competition. In addition, Marquess became the only person ever to post victories over the Cuban team as both a player and a coach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.031778335571289, "source": "search", "title": "Mark Marquess - 2012 Baseball Roster - GoStanford.com ..." }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "In 1991, he became the team leader of the U.S. squad in the Pan American Games in Cuba and joined the 1992 USA Olympic Baseball coaching staff in a similar role.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.91197395324707, "source": "search", "title": "USABaseball.com: About USA Baseball: Board of Directors" }, { "answer": "Cuba", "passage": "Serving as head coach of USA Baseball in 1981, Marquess guided the U.S. collegiate team to a gold medal at the World Games in Santa Clara. Following that accomplishment, he led the club to the gold medal at the Intercontinental Cup in Edmonton, Canada. Marquess' squad edged Cuba, 5-4, in the finals to mark the first time since 1970 that the United States had beaten the Cubans in international competition. In addition, Marquess became the first to post victories over the Cuban team as both a player and a coach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.207961082458496, "source": "search", "title": "Final Season in 2017 - GoStanford.com | Stanford Athletics" } ]

[ { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "This was the Saints' first Super Bowl appearance and the fourth for the Colts franchise, their second appearance in four seasons. The Saints entered the game with a 13–3 record for the 2009 regular season, compared to the Colts' 14–2 record. In the playoff games, both teams placed first in their respective conferences, marking the first time since Super Bowl XXVIII (16 years previously) that both number one seeds have reached the Super Bowl. The Colts entered the Super Bowl off victories over the Baltimore Ravens and New York Jets, while the Saints advanced after defeating the previous year's runners up the Arizona Cardinals and then overcoming the Minnesota Vikings in the Conference Championship. It was also the first time both teams started out with a thirteen-game winning streak.", "precise_score": -4.12628173828125, "rough_score": -5.094997882843018, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XLIV" }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "• Don Perkins became the first Dallas Cowboy to rush for 100 yards in a game when he racked up 108 yards against the Minnesota Vikings on September 24th.", "precise_score": -10.266454696655273, "rough_score": -9.387038230895996, "source": "search", "title": "About the Dallas Cowboys – Dallas Cowboys History" }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "Their opponent in the NFC championship game was the Minnesota Vikings, led by 11-time Pro Bowl quarterback Brett Favre, who had thrown four touchdown passes in their divisional round win over the Dallas Cowboys. Even though the Saints' offense could only muster 257 total yards, their defense made up for it by forcing five turnovers. Additionally, the Saints outgained the Vikings in punt and kickoff return yards 166 to 50. The key play of the game occurred late in the fourth quarter with the score tied 28–28 and the Vikings driving for a potential game-winning field goal. With less than a minute left, they reached the Saints 33-yard line. But after two runs for no gain and a penalty that pushed them back to the 38, Porter picked off a pass from Favre to send the game into overtime. After New Orleans won the coin toss, Pierre Thomas' 40-yard kickoff return set up a 10-play, 39-yard drive that ended with a game winning 40-yard field goal by Hartley, sending the Saints to their first ever Super Bowl.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.133285522460938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XLIV" }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "One proposed sponsor, ManCrunch, a gay dating site that bills itself as a place \"where many many many men come out to play\", had expressed interest in purchasing a 30-second advertisement. The ManCrunch advertisement would have depicted a male Green Bay Packers fan and a male Minnesota Vikings fan reaching into the same bowl of potato chips at the same time and, after a brief pause, begin to passionately kiss. ManCrunch's ad, which has since been released to the public, was initially put on a waiting list before the network outright rejected it due to it violating CBS's broadcast standards. ManCrunch immediately accused CBS of discrimination. Some observers suspect that their advertisement was an attempt at ambush marketing and free publicity. Another ad that was rejected by CBS for failure to meet standards was for the texting service kgb, which focuses on two men with CGI-enhanced images bent over with their heads in their posteriors, while an actor, Sean Gunn, portraying an agent stated that \"They had their head up their [backsides]\". kgb instead aired an ad with two people who had to find the Japanese word for \"I surrender\" before being run over by a sumo wrestler. Another ad for Bud Light which was rejected showed workers stripping down for a charity clothes drive in exchange for free beer. All of the rejected ads were shown on YouTube.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.079669952392578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XLIV" }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "In the summer of 1969, Coach Ray Graves of the Florida Gators suggested to the Kansas City Chiefs that they use Gatorade to combat the staggering effects of a blistering Missouri sun during training camp. The Chiefs were so impressed with the “Gator coach's aid” that they kept it on their sidelines throughout the entire season… which concluded with a stunning victory over the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.91135025024414, "source": "search", "title": "Gatorade - Heritage and History of Gatorade" }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "The obvious team that comes to mind is the 1998 Minnesota Vikings. This 15-1 team would be in the discussion for greatest team in NFL history had they taken care of business in the playoffs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398594856262207, "source": "search", "title": "NFL Rankings: Top 10 Teams to Lose the Super Bowl ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "4. 1969 Minnesota Vikings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.278762817382812, "source": "search", "title": "NFL Rankings: Top 10 Teams to Lose the Super Bowl ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "#There have been 19 World Series four-game (4–0) sweeps. Nine different teams have swept a World Series at least once, the Yankees having done so most often (8 times). The Red Sox, Reds, and Giants have all done it twice. The Braves, Orioles, White Sox, Dodgers, and Athletics have each swept one Series. Six of these teams (all but the Orioles, Red Sox and White Sox) have also been swept 0–4 in at least one World Series. The Red Sox' two World Series sweeps are the most of any team that has never been swept in one. The Reds and Yankees are the only teams to have swept each other (The Yankees swept the Reds in 1939, while the Reds swept the Yankees in 1976). The Giants are the only team to record World Series sweeps in two different cities: New York (1954) and San Francisco (2012). The 1999 Yankees are the last team to date, and the only one since 1966, to sweep a World Series it began on the road (as well as the last American League champion to date to win a World Series it began on the road). The 1963 Dodgers are the last National League team to date to sweep a World Series it began on the road.", "precise_score": 4.520673751831055, "rough_score": 3.692533016204834, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "Coming into the 1955 World Series, the Dodgers had never won a Fall Classic, a fact that was particularly difficult for their loyal fans to accept given the quality of their teams over the previous six seasons. Brooklyn lost the World Series to the Yankees in 1947, 1949, 1952, and 1953, twice losing a Game 7. In 1950, the Bums were eliminated on the final day of the regular season by the pennant-winning Phillies , and in 1951 they were two outs away from the pennant when they blew a 4-1 lead in the bottom of the ninth to the rival Giants on Bobby Thompson's Shot Heard 'Round the World. In 1954, they lost the pennant by five games to the Giants, and some believed that the Boys of Summer were over the hill by the time they got back to the World series in 1955. Robinson and Pee Wee Reese were 36.  Campanella and Furillo were 33. Hodges was 31. However, NL MVP Duke Snider, who hit .320 with four home runs on the series, was in his prime, and 22-year-old lefty Johnny Podres was just coming into his own.", "precise_score": 2.577709913253784, "rough_score": 5.747455596923828, "source": "search", "title": "Fall Classics: The 11 World Series showdowns between the ..." }, { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "The rivalry is sometimes so polarizing that it is often a heated subject, like religion or politics, in the Northeastern United States. Since the inception of the wild card team and an added Division Series, the American League East rivals have squared off in the American League Championship Series three times, with the Yankees winning twice in 1999 and 2003 and the Sox winning in 2004. In addition, the teams have twice met in the last regular-season series of a season to decide the league title, in 1904 (when the Red Sox won) and 1949 (when the Yankees won).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4631235599517822, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York Yankees" }, { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "#Every original team has won at least two World Series titles. The Philadelphia Phillies (National League) were the last of the original teams to win their first Series, in . They were also the last to win at least two, with their second Series victory in . The Cubs were the first team to win the series twice, in 1907 and 1908. They have not won another World Series since.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.040652275085449, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "#The St. Louis Cardinals are currently the only club of the National League's original eight that holds an overall Series lead over the Yankees, 3 to 2, taking that lead in 1964. The Giants won their first two Series over the Yankees (1921 and 1922), but the Yankees have faced the Giants five times since then and have won all five, taking the overall lead over the Giants in 1937. The Pittsburgh Pirates and Yankees have faced each other twice (1927 and 1960), with the Yankees winning in 1927 and the Pirates winning in 1960, making the two teams .500 against each other.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.666058301925659, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "# Six expansion teams have appeared in the World Series without ever winning a championship: twice for the Texas Rangers (formerly the second Washington Senators) and San Diego Padres, and once each for the Houston Astros (formerly Colt .45s), Milwaukee Brewers (formerly Seattle Pilots), Colorado Rockies, and Tampa Bay Rays (formerly Devil Rays).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.168787479400635, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "#The Toronto Blue Jays are the only non-U.S. team ever to win a pennant or a World Series, doing both twice, in 1992 and 1993.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.2701802253723145, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "The Cardinals finally wised up in Game 6, walking him four times, three times intentionally: it was the only way to prevent him from doing damage. But Ortiz gladly accepted his walks, and he scored twice in the clinching game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.859237670898438, "source": "search", "title": "won the 2013 World Series - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Twice", "passage": "The Yankees have traveled to Dodger Stadium twice for an interleague matchup, once in 2004 and once in 2010. Prior to that, they had only met in the World Series, where they have squared off a record 11 times (next on the list: Yankees- Giants , seven times, and Yankees- Cardinals , five) for a total of 66 games, including some of the most famous in baseball history. Here is a quick look at those 11 Fall Classics, many of which truly lived up to the name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.1411472111940384, "source": "search", "title": "Fall Classics: The 11 World Series showdowns between the ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Chicago Bears", "passage": "The 1980s also produced the 1985 Chicago Bears, who posted an 18–1 record under head coach Mike Ditka; colorful quarterback Jim McMahon; and Hall of Fame running back Walter Payton. Their team won Super Bowl XX in dominating fashion. The Washington Redskins and New York Giants were also top teams of this period; the Redskins won Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders).", "precise_score": 0.9095322489738464, "rough_score": -3.7028117179870605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "answer": "Chicago Bears", "passage": "It is painful to know the Washington Redskins are the team that lost to the Cowboys in 1989. It is painful to know the Redskins lost the 1940 NFL title game 73-0 against the Chicago Bears, still the biggest margin of defeat in league history.", "precise_score": -2.2092220783233643, "rough_score": -3.1686079502105713, "source": "search", "title": "Biggest Embarrassment in Every NFL Team's History ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago Bears", "passage": "The Pittsburgh Steelers and Indianapolis Colts continued the era of AFC dominance by winning Super Bowls XL and XLI in 2005-06 and 2006–07, respectively defeating the Seattle Seahawks and Chicago Bears.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.103738784790039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "answer": "Chicago Bears", "passage": "Believe it or not, there was a time when NFL fans didn’t particularly enjoy watching the Patriots lose the Super Bowl. You see, in 1985 the Chicago Bears were an NFL-best 15-1 and sported the league’s #1 defense and #2 offense. For that reason, they were 10-point favorites against the Patriots, who were just 11-5. As a result, anybody who didn’t have a horse in that race was rooting for the scrappy underdogs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.556697845458984, "source": "search", "title": "The 9 Biggest Super Bowl Blowouts of All-Time | Total Pro ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago Bears", "passage": "Believe it or not, there was a time when NFL fans didn’t particularly enjoy watching the Patriots lose the Super Bowl. You see, in 1985 the Chicago Bears were an NFL-best 15-1 and sported the league’s #1 defense and #2 offense. For that reason, they were 10-point favorites against the Patriots, who were just 11-5. As a result, anybody who didn’t have a horse in that race was rooting for the scrappy underdogs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.556697845458984, "source": "search", "title": "The 9 Biggest Super Bowl Blowouts of All-Time | Total Pro ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago Bears", "passage": "3. 1985 Chicago Bears (15-1)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14456844329834, "source": "search", "title": "Ranking all 49 Super Bowl champions, from best to worst ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago Bears", "passage": "To some, or even many Chicago Bears fans, this might not rank as an embarrassment, but it certainly should. There is no other way to describe the decision to give the ball to mammoth defensive tackle William Perry in Super Bowl XX.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.466012954711914, "source": "search", "title": "Biggest Embarrassment in Every NFL Team's History ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago Bears", "passage": "1986 Chicago Bears", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.358304023742676, "source": "search", "title": "The Greatest Teams That Didn't Make It To The Super Bowl ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999 - YouTube", "precise_score": 6.015345096588135, "rough_score": 2.749713659286499, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999", "precise_score": 6.567393779754639, "rough_score": 3.652608633041382, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Mo Greene, as he is sometimes known, was spectacularly successful between 1997 and 2001. In particular, in 1999, where Greene really asserted his dominance. He was the first ever winner of both the 100m and 200m at the 1999 World Championships in Seville. Maurice Greene collected his third gold medal of the competition with the 4 x 100m relay. The same year in Athens he set the 100m world record with 9.79 seconds.", "precise_score": 7.482827186584473, "rough_score": 3.848543643951416, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene biography from Biogs" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Yet there are never any certainties in athletics, and the bang of the gun at the start of the men's 100m sounded the death knell for the Moroccan's birthday celebrations, as Tim Montgomery charged through the finish in 9.78 (+ 2m/s legal wind) to beat Maurice Green's old World Record  of 9.79, which was set in Athens in 1999.", "precise_score": 7.491067886352539, "rough_score": 2.443132162094116, "source": "search", "title": "100m World Record falls to Montgomery - 9.78!| News | iaaf.org" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The following season would be his breakthrough. At the World Championships in Athens, Greene won the 100 m title. This marked the beginning of Greene's dominance in the 100 m. He successfully defended his title in 1999 and 2001 and captured the Olympic gold medal in the 2000 Olympics. He was also successful at the 200 m. At the 1999 World Championships, he also won the 200 m title, the first to win both sprint events at a World Championships. However, he did not run the 200 m at the 2000 Olympics after an injury at the US trials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.822578430175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maurice Greene (athlete)" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greene added to his medal tally with the bronze after finishing third in his attempt to defend his 100 m title, and a silver as the anchor leg runner on the United States 4 × 100 m relay team, narrowly denied another Olympic Gold by the British team, who won by 0.01 seconds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.857717514038086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Maurice Greene (athlete)" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Athens, 1999, June 16th", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.9848051071167, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "This record would stay for 3 years until Montgomery's 9.78, but Montgomery's record has been retroactively disqualified. So we have to wait 2005 and Asafa Powell to run in 9.77 in Athens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869333267211914, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene 100m WR 9.79 - Athens 1999 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "He won his first World Championship gold medal in 1997 in Athens, and won three more in 1999 in Seville.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.533060073852539, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "On June 16, 1999 in Athens, he set the world record for the 100M, running it in just 9.79 seconds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.18086326122283936, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "One of the greatest sprinters of all time, Greene entered the blocks for the much anticipated mens 100m final at the 2005 USA Outdoor Championships in search of his fifth national title in that event. Unfortunately, near the midpoint of the race Greene suffered a left hamstring injury that kept him from completing the race. He was named to the 4x100m relay pool for the 2005 World Outdoor Championships in Helsinki, but a fumbled baton pass in the opening round disqualified the U.S. squad and kept Greene from competing. The dominant 100m sprinter of his era, Greene won the bronze medal at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens in the same time in which he won the 2000 Olympic gold medal (9.87). Despite an injury-shortened season in 2001, Greene remained firmly atop the world in the 100m that year, winning his third World Championships 100m goldGreene suffered patella tendonitis throughout the season, and a quadriceps injury sustained during the world outdoor final affected his 2002 and 2003 seasons. in 2001 Greene also received recognition as USATF's Visa Humanitarian of the Year Award, in part for the work he does with the Maurice Greene Finish the Race Youth Foundation, which he founded in 2001 in his hometown of Kansas City, Kan. Greene owns three of the four fastest times in history of 9.79 former WR, 9.80 and 9.82. He has run 52 sub-10 seconds 100 m races, more than any other sprinter in history. Added two Olympic gold medals to his five career World Champs golds at the 2000 Games in Sydney, winning the 100 and 4x100. With his medals around his neck, Greene was a contestant on the hit game show 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire,' winning $125,000, half of which he donated to the United Negro College Fund ... got off to a quick start in 2001 by tying his WR for the indoor 60m with a time of 6.39 in the semifinals at the Pontiac Grand Prix USA Indoor Championships presented the winner's trophy to Jennifer Capriatti at the 2001 French Open threw out the first ball for the Kansas City Royals' home opener in 1998...started running track at 8 years old...coached by his high school mentor, Al Hobson, until he started working with Smith in 1996. Hobson blessed the change; says Greene, 'I contacted John because he is simply the best coach around,\" said Greene. \"You only have to look at what he has achieved to know how good he is. I wanted to be the best and California was the place to make it happen' Web site: www.mogreene.com 1999 Jesse Owens Award winner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.238033294677734, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene - USATF" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "2002: Won his third U.S. 100m title (9.88w)ran 9.89 in winning at Rome on July 121st in Athens (9.97)1st in Monaco (9.97)ran 9.99 in semis at USA Outdoors1st in Paris (9.99)2nd in Oslo (10.06)3rd in London (10.06)ranked #3 in the world (#2 U.S.) by T&FNbest of 9.89.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.177189350128174, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene - USATF" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "2001: Won his third World 100m title in a row in the fastest time in the world in 2001, running the third-fastest time in history (9.82) despite a headwind of .2 meters per second and suffering an injury to his left quadriceps meters prior to the finish. The injury ended his seasonalso battled tendonitis in his knee throughout the yearUSA Indoor 60m champ (6.51)equaled his own 60m WR (6.39) in semifinal at U.S. Champsran 9.90 in opening round of U.S. Outdoor Nationals1st in Athens 100m (9.91)ranked #1 in the world at 100m by T&FNbest of 9.82.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.377157688140869, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene - USATF" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "1999: Triple gold medalist at World Champs; 100 (9.80CR), 200 (19.90) and 4x100 relay anchor (37.59)... first man ever to accomplish 100/200 sprint double at World Champs... only the fourth athlete in World Champs history to win three golds in a single meet... set 100m WR (9.79) on June 16 in Athens, Greece... won 200 (19.90w) at USA Outdoors ... gold at World Indoors (6.42)... tied 50 WR indoors (5.56)... 2nd in 60 at USA Indoors... 2nd in 200 at GP Final (19.90)... ranked #1 in world at 100 and 200 by T&FN... bests of 9.79WR, AR and 19.90.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.403011322021484, "source": "search", "title": "Maurice Greene - USATF" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Tyson Gay said he made a misjudgment in when he decided to slow up in his preliminary round race of the 100m at the 2008 U.S. Olympic Trials. The decision nearly cost him a spot in the quarterfinals. But Gay took no chances in the next round, blazing his way to victory in his heat in 9.77 seconds. That time broke Maurice Greene's American record of 9.79 set in Athens in 1999 as well as Greene's Olympic Trials record set in 2004, 9.91. It also makes Gay the third-fastest man with the fourth-fastest time of all time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6163763999938965, "source": "search", "title": "Tyson Gay Speakers Bureau: Biography, Booking Fees and ..." }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Greene, who twice set the world indoor 60m record (6.39) and holds the American 50m record (5.56) indoors; set the American 100m record (9.79) in Athens nine years ago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.524535179138184, "source": "search", "title": "Former Olympic Champion and WR-Holder Maurice Greene ..." }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Greene won a bronze medal at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens along with a gold (100m) and bronze (4x100m) at the Sydney Olympics in 2000. But one of his most-discussed races was his 2001 100m victory at the IAAF World Outdoor Championships in Edmonton, where he ran a 9.82 after injuring himself half-way during the race—one he won over fellow American, Tim Montgomery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.606366157531738, "source": "search", "title": "Former Olympic Champion and WR-Holder Maurice Greene ..." }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "For the 24-year-old American, a world champion outdoors and indoors, the best possible record came last night in Athens in a second-tier meet on the Grand Prix international circuit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.486889839172363, "source": "search", "title": "TRACK AND FIELD - Greene Breaks World Record in the 100 ..." }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Greene's previous best came on the same Athens track in winning the 1997 world outdoor championship, so after yesterday's race he said, ''This is a special race for me.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393807411193848, "source": "search", "title": "TRACK AND FIELD - Greene Breaks World Record in the 100 ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.", "precise_score": 3.0680980682373047, "rough_score": 5.078510761260986, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "As of 2015, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1999 and 2000, the longest such duration in Major League Baseball history.", "precise_score": 1.649652123451233, "rough_score": -0.36089909076690674, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "The events of the 1919 Series, segueing into the \"live ball\" era, marked a point in time of change of the fortunes of several teams. The two most prolific World Series winners to date, the New York Yankees and the St. Louis Cardinals, did not win their first championship until the 1920s; and three of the teams that were highly successful prior to 1920 (the Boston Red Sox, Chicago White Sox and the Chicago Cubs) went the rest of the 20th century without another World Series win. The Red Sox and White Sox finally won again in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The Cubs are still waiting for their next trophy, and have not appeared in the Fall Classic since 1945, the longest drought of any MLB club.", "precise_score": 3.673455238342285, "rough_score": -1.3455361127853394, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "The New York Yankees purchased Babe Ruth from the Boston Red Sox after the 1919 season, appeared in their first World Series two years later in 1921, and became frequent participants thereafter. Over a period of 45 years from 1920 to 1964, the Yankees played in 29 World Series championships, winning 20. The team's dynasty reached its apex between 1947 and 1964, when the Yankees reached the World Series 15 times in eighteen years, helped by an agreement with the Kansas City Athletics (after that team moved from Philadelphia during 1954–1955 offseason) whereby the teams made several deals advantageous to the Yankees (until ended by new Athletics' owner Charles O. Finley). During that span, the Yankees played in all World Series except 1948, 1954, and 1959, winning ten. From 1949 to 1953, the Yankees won the World Series five years in a row; from 1936–1939 the Yankees won four World Series Championships in a row. There are only two other occasions when a team has won at least three consecutive World Series: 1972 to 1974 by the Oakland Athletics, and 1998 to 2000 by the New York Yankees.", "precise_score": 0.04473688825964928, "rough_score": -0.9198858141899109, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The Dodgers were the first of the two clubs to contest a World Series on the west coast, defeating the Chicago White Sox in 1959. The 1962 Giants made the first California World Series appearance of that franchise, losing to the Yankees. The Dodgers made three World Series appearances in the 1960s: a 1963 win over the Yankees, a 1965 win over the Minnesota Twins and a 1966 loss to the Baltimore Orioles.", "precise_score": 1.8695536851882935, "rough_score": 2.5164506435394287, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "During this seven-year period, only three teams won the World Series: the Oakland Athletics from 1972 to 1974, Cincinnati Reds in 1975 and 1976, and New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978. This is the only time in World Series history in which three teams have won consecutive series in succession. This period was book-ended by World Championships for the Pittsburgh Pirates, in 1971 and 1979.", "precise_score": 1.794338345527649, "rough_score": -2.0164217948913574, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "However, the Baltimore Orioles made three consecutive World Series appearances: 1969 (losing to the \"amazing\" eight-year-old franchise New York Mets), 1970 (beating the Reds in their first World Series appearance of the decade), and 1971 (losing to the Pittsburgh Pirates, as well their 1979 appearance, when they again lost to the Pirates), and the Los Angeles Dodgers' back-to-back World Series appearances in 1977 and 1978 (both losses to the New York Yankees), as well in 1974 losing against the cross-state rival Oakland Athletics.", "precise_score": -0.2541557252407074, "rough_score": -2.1843316555023193, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "The 1984 Detroit Tigers gained distinction as just the third team in major league history (after the 1927 New York Yankees and 1955 Brooklyn Dodgers) to lead a season wire-to-wire, from opening day through their World Series victory. In the process, Tigers' skipper Sparky Anderson became the first manager to win a World Series title in both leagues, having previously won in 1975 and 1976 with the Cincinnati Reds.", "precise_score": 0.911716878414154, "rough_score": -0.1915087103843689, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "American League (AL) teams have won 64 of the 111 World Series played (58%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 24% of all series played and 42% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series (10%) and 23% of the 47 National League victories.", "precise_score": 0.2509726285934448, "rough_score": -1.2167013883590698, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "#Since their first championship in 1923, the New York Yankees have won two or more World Series titles in every decade except the 1980s, when they won none. Additionally, they have won at least one American League pennant in every decade since the 1920s. (They have yet to win a pennant or Series in the 2010s.) The Yankees are the only team in either League to win more than three series in a row, winning in four consecutive seasons from 1936 to 1939, and a still MLB record five consecutive seasons from 1949 to 1953.", "precise_score": 0.014257608912885189, "rough_score": -1.6860166788101196, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "#The Yankees have the most World Series victories (eight) between World Series losses. After losing the 1926 World Series to the Cardinals, the Yankees won their next eight appearances in the series (1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, and 1941) before losing in 1942 to the Cardinals again. After this loss, the Yankees went on to win their next seven Series appearances (1943, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, and 1953) before their next Series loss in 1955 to the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Cardinals are the National League leader in this category, with four titles (1944, 1946, 1964, and 1967) between series losses in 1943 and 1968.", "precise_score": -0.4362788796424866, "rough_score": -1.8469343185424805, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "Of the 107 World Series to date, the New York Yankees have appeared in 40 and won 27. This is far and away the most championship victories of any franchise in baseball—and sports—history. Meanwhile, the San Diego Padres, Texas Rangers, Tampa Bay Rays, Houston Astros, Milwaukee Brewers and Colorado Rockies haven’t won a single World Series. And the Washington Nationals (formerly the Montreal Expos) and Seattle Mariners have never even appeared in the Fall Classic.", "precise_score": 2.203167676925659, "rough_score": 5.268749237060547, "source": "search", "title": "6 Things You May Not Know About the World Series - History ..." }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The first of four Yankees titles in only 5 years gets off to a bad start as the team loses the first two games at Yankee Stadium, thanks to Andruw Jones of the Braves, who becomes the youngest player to hit a World Series home run. However, the Yankees sweep the three games at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium and win the sixth and final game in New York. The Yankees were the first team to come back from down 0-2 in the series since the 1986 New York Mets . They were the third team to come back and win after losing the first two games at home, following the 1986 Mets and the 1985 Kansas City Royals .", "precise_score": -1.621252179145813, "rough_score": -2.0922179222106934, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "This was the last World Series to date with a repeat World Champion. This is the first Subway Series since 1956, and the only one to date since the Giants and Dodgers moved to California. The 1998-2000 New York Yankees establish a record of 10 consecutive games won in the World Series. The previous record was 9, by the 1936-1938 New York Yankees. They are the first back-to-back-to-back Champions since the 1972-1974 Oakland Athletics and became the first team to appear in the three straight World Series since the 1988-90 A's.", "precise_score": 1.4567248821258545, "rough_score": 1.688849925994873, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "This Series is often cited alongside the 1991 World Series as the most exciting in history. It featured two extra-inning games. In both games, the Yankees hit ninth-inning homers off Diamondbacks closer Byung-Hyun Kim to tie the game and go on to win. Despite these victories, the Yankees are unable to make it four straight Series championships. In Game 7, the D-backs pull off a ninth-inning comeback of their own to win the game and the Series, victimizing Yankees closer Mariano Rivera with Luis Gonzalez knocking in the game-winning RBI with a bloop single into the outfield. As the winning pitcher in game 7 of the World Series and the clinching game in the NLCS, Randy Johnson became the first pitcher since Orel Hershiser in 1988 to be the winning pitcher of the clinching games in the LCS and World Series.", "precise_score": -1.101744294166565, "rough_score": -2.8080077171325684, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The Diamondbacks, in their fourth year of existence, break the Marlins' short-lived record as the fastest expansion team to win the World Series. The Yankees became the first team to appear in 4 straight World Series since the 1961-64 Yankees.", "precise_score": 1.5559401512145996, "rough_score": -0.47267743945121765, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "2002 is the first time two Wild Card teams meet in the World Series. It features the greatest comeback in Series history by a team facing elimination, when the Angels erase a 5-0 deficit with 8 outs remaining, to win Game 6 (6-5) and then go on to win Game 7 (4-1). There is considerable controversy regarding Glaus' selection as Series MVP; despite being on the losing team, Barry Bonds was by most accounts the biggest star of the Series, hitting .471 for the Series with 4 homers, 6 RBI, and a mind-boggling 13 walks, vs Glaus' 7 runs, 8 RBI, 3 homers and a .385 average. Thus Bobby Richardson of the 1960 Yankees remains the only Series MVP in a losing cause. This will be the last World Series (through 2005 ) in which the home team wins the deciding game of a series.", "precise_score": -0.8960854411125183, "rough_score": -1.9107884168624878, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The Marlins, 19-29 in mid-May of the season, complete one of the most spirited comebacks in MLB history. They go 75-49 under new (old-time) manager Jack McKeon, owning the best record in the league after May 23. The Marlins shock the defending NL-champ Giants and then the Cubs before capping their run by beating the Yankees. Jack McKeon becomes the oldest manager to ever win a World Series. The Marlins also become 6-0 in postseason series in only 11 years of existence. This championship gives the Marlins more World titles (2) than division titles (0). The Atlanta Braves had won the NL East every year since 1995, a strike ended the 1994 season without division winners, and the Philadelphia Phillies won the division in 1993.", "precise_score": -2.9968667030334473, "rough_score": -2.317316770553589, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "For the first time since the LCS was a best-of-7 series, both the NLCS and ALCS go the full 7 games in the same postseason, with the Marlins beating the Chicago Cubs and the Yankees beating the Boston Red Sox . The Yankees had been awarded home-field advantage for this World Series, because the AL won the 2003 All-Star game. MLB had alternated home-field advantage for the World Series between the two leagues prior to this, and the NL would have been due for home-field in 2003 before the change.", "precise_score": -1.1727977991104126, "rough_score": 1.5423476696014404, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "Boston's victory breaks the Curse of the Bambino , coming on the heels of the largest comeback in postseason MLB history (a 3-0 deficit against the New York Yankees in the Championship Series) to sweep St. Louis. The Red Sox's eight consecutive wins constitute the longest post season winning streak since the Cincinnati Reds accomplished it in 1975-1976. It marks the 3rd time in a row that a Wild Card Team wins the World Series. Boston pitcher Derek Lowe became the first pitcher in history to be the winning pitcher in the series-clinching game in three postseasons series and the first to clinch both the LCS and WS clinchers since Randy Johnson in 2001. By winning his start in game 2, Curt Schilling became the first pitcher to win World Series games with three different teams. He won game 5 with Philadelphia in 1993 and game 1 with Arizona in 2001. Again, the AL had been awarded home-field advantage, having won the All-Star game, giving the Red Sox advantage at Fenway Park despite St. Louis having the superior regular season record (Boston 98-64, St. Louis 105-57).", "precise_score": 1.3761436939239502, "rough_score": 3.0352354049682617, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "Compared with the present, professional baseball in the early 20th century was lower-scoring and pitchers, the likes of Walter Johnson and Christy Mathewson, were more dominant. The \"inside game,\" which demanded that players \"scratch for runs\", was played much more aggressively than it is today: the brilliant and often violent Ty Cobb epitomized this style. The so-called dead-ball era ended in the early 1920s with several changes in rule and circumstance that were advantageous to hitters. Strict new regulations governing the ball's size, shape and composition along with a new rule officially banning the spitball, along with other pitches that depended on the ball being treated or roughed-up with foreign substances after the death of Ray Chapman who was hit by a pitch in August 1920, coupled with superior materials available after World War I, resulted in a ball that traveled farther when hit. The construction of additional seating to accommodate the rising popularity of the game often had the effect of bringing the outfield fences closer in, making home runs more common. The rise of the legendary player Babe Ruth, the first great power hitter of the new era, helped permanently alter the nature of the game. The club with which Ruth set most of his slugging records, the New York Yankees, built a reputation as the majors' premier team. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, St. Louis Cardinals general manager Branch Rickey invested in several minor league clubs and developed the first modern \"farm system\". A new Negro National League was organized in 1933; four years later, it was joined by the Negro American League. The first elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame took place in 1936. In 1939 Little League Baseball was founded in Pennsylvania. By the late 1940s, it was the organizing body for children's baseball leagues across the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.878049850463867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "These physical variations create a distinctive set of playing conditions at each ballpark. Other local factors, such as altitude and climate, can also significantly affect play. A given stadium may acquire a reputation as a pitcher's park or a hitter's park, if one or the other discipline notably benefits from its unique mix of elements. The most exceptional park in this regard is Coors Field, home of the Colorado Rockies. Its high altitude—5282 ft above sea level—is responsible for giving it the strongest hitter's park effect in the major leagues. Wrigley Field, home of the Chicago Cubs, is known for its fickle disposition: a hitter's park when the strong winds off Lake Michigan are blowing out, it becomes more of a pitcher's park when they are blowing in. The absence of a standardized field affects not only how particular games play out, but the nature of team rosters and players' statistical records. For example, hitting a fly ball 330 ft into right field might result in an easy catch on the warning track at one park, and a home run at another. A team that plays in a park with a relatively short right field, such as the New York Yankees, will tend to stock its roster with left-handed pull hitters, who can best exploit it. On the individual level, a player who spends most of his career with a team that plays in a hitter's park will gain an advantage in batting statistics over time—even more so if his talents are especially suited to the park. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.187052726745605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "Baseball has inspired many works of art and entertainment. One of the first major examples, Ernest Thayer's poem \"Casey at the Bat\", appeared in 1888. A wry description of the failure of a star player in what would now be called a \"clutch situation\", the poem became the source of vaudeville and other staged performances, audio recordings, film adaptations, and an opera, as well as a host of sequels and parodies in various media. There have been many baseball movies, including the Academy Award–winning The Pride of the Yankees (1942) and the Oscar nominees The Natural (1984) and Field of Dreams (1989). The American Film Institute's selection of the ten best sports movies includes The Pride of the Yankees at number 3 and Bull Durham (1988) at number 5. Baseball has provided thematic material for hits on both stage—the Adler–Ross musical Damn Yankees—and record—George J. Gaskin's \"Slide, Kelly, Slide\", Simon and Garfunkel's \"Mrs. Robinson\", and John Fogerty's \"Centerfield\". The baseball-founded comedic sketch \"Who's on First\", popularized by Abbott and Costello in 1938, quickly became famous. Six decades later, Time named it the best comedy routine of the 20th century. Baseball is also featured in various video games including MLB: The Show, Wii Sports, Kinect Sports: Season 2 and Mario Baseball.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5604753494262695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Baseball" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "The 1904 Series, if it had been held, would have been between the AL's Boston Americans (Boston Red Sox) and the NL's New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants). At that point there was no governing body for the World Series nor any requirement that a Series be played. Thus the Giants' owner, John T. Brush, refused to allow his team to participate in such an event, citing the \"inferiority\" of the upstart American League. John McGraw, the Giants' manager, even went so far as to say that his Giants were already \"world champions\" since they were the champions of the \"only real major league\". At the time of the announcement, their new cross-town rivals, the New York Highlanders (now the New York Yankees), were leading the AL, and the prospect of facing the Highlanders did not please Giants management. Boston won on the last day of the season, and the leagues had previously agreed to hold a World's Championship Series in 1904, but it was not binding, and Brush stuck to his original decision. In addition to political reasons, Brush also factually cited the lack of rules under which money would be split, where games would be played, and how they would be operated and staffed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.551051139831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "New York Yankees dynasty (1920–1964)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.819464683532715, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "In an 18-year span from 1947 to 1964, except for 1948 and 1959, the World Series was played in New York City, featuring at least one of the three teams located in New York at the time. The Dodgers and Giants moved to California after the 1957 season, leaving the Yankees as the lone team in the city until the Mets were enfranchised in 1962. During this period, other than 1948, 1954, and 1959, the Yankees represented the American League in the World Series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4193620681762695, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "In the years 1947, 1949, 1951–1953, and 1955–1956, both teams in the World Series were from New York, with the Yankees playing against either the Dodgers or Giants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.149449348449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "In 1968, the Kansas City Athletics relocated to Oakland and the following year 1969, the National League granted a franchise to San Diego as the San Diego Padres. The A's became a powerful dynasty, winning three consecutive World Series from 1972–1974. In 1974, the A's played the Dodgers in the first all-California World Series. The Padres have two World Series appearances (a 1984 loss to the Detroit Tigers, and a 1998 loss to the New York Yankees).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.964611768722534, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "This rule is subject to debate, with various writers feeling that home-field advantage should be decided based on the regular season records of the participants, not on an exhibition game played several months earlier. Some writers especially questioned the integrity of this rule after the 2014 All-Star Game, when St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Adam Wainwright suggested that he intentionally gave Derek Jeter some easy pitches to hit in the New York Yankees' shortstop's final All-Star appearance before he retired at the end of that season. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.997730255126953, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "#The New York Giants' four World Series appearances from 1921 to 1924 are the most consecutive appearances for any National League franchise. The Yankees are the only American League franchise to accomplish this.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.409575462341309, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "#The Pirates, Reds, Red Sox, and Giants are tied with the longest active streak of World Series victories (three) since the last time they lost a series. After losing the 1927 series to the Yankees, the Pirates have emerged victorious in the next three series in which they played (1960, 1971, and 1979). The Reds last series loss prior to their current active streak of three titles (1975, 1976, and 1990) was in 1972. The Red Sox are the American League leaders in this category with three consecutive titles (2004, 2007, and 2013) since their last series loss (1986). The Giants lost in 2002 before winning the next three they appeared in (2010, 2012, and 2014).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9558069705963135, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "#The longest duration without repeat World Series champions is fifteen years, dating back to the 2000 New York Yankees. The previous record of fourteen years (in between the 1978 New York Yankees' win and the 1993 Toronto Blue Jays' win) was broken when the San Francisco Giants, who won the 2014 World Series, did not qualify for the postseason in 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.594648838043213, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "#There have been 19 World Series four-game (4–0) sweeps. Nine different teams have swept a World Series at least once, the Yankees having done so most often (8 times). The Red Sox, Reds, and Giants have all done it twice. The Braves, Orioles, White Sox, Dodgers, and Athletics have each swept one Series. Six of these teams (all but the Orioles, Red Sox and White Sox) have also been swept 0–4 in at least one World Series. The Red Sox' two World Series sweeps are the most of any team that has never been swept in one. The Reds and Yankees are the only teams to have swept each other (The Yankees swept the Reds in 1939, while the Reds swept the Yankees in 1976). The Giants are the only team to record World Series sweeps in two different cities: New York (1954) and San Francisco (2012). The 1999 Yankees are the last team to date, and the only one since 1966, to sweep a World Series it began on the road (as well as the last American League champion to date to win a World Series it began on the road). The 1963 Dodgers are the last National League team to date to sweep a World Series it began on the road.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.590155601501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "#The Athletics, Cardinals, Cubs, and Yankees are the only teams to be swept in two World Series. The Athletics and Yankees are the only two of these with at least one World Series sweep to their credit, the other two being among nine teams overall that have never swept a World Series, but have been swept in one (the Tigers, Astros, Indians, Padres, Phillies, Pirates, and Rockies being the others).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5117926597595215, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "#Both of the Minnesota Twins' World Series titles since relocating to the Twin Cities from Washington, D.C. (where they were the first Washington Senators) were in 7 game series where all games were won by the home team. The Twins accomplished this in 1987, when the Twins defeated the St. Louis Cardinals, then 4 years later in 1991, when the Twins defeated the Atlanta Braves. The Twins victories in both series were in games 1, 2, 6, and 7, while their National League opponents won games 3, 4, and 5. This same scenario also occurred in 2001, when the Arizona Diamondbacks defeated the New York Yankees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7694497108459473, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "Fourteen \"Subway Series\" have been played entirely within New York City, all including the American League's New York Yankees. Thirteen of them matched the Yankees with either the New York Giants or the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League. The initial instances occurred in 1921 and 1922, when the Giants beat the Yankees in consecutive World Series that were not technically \"subway series\" since the teams shared the Polo Grounds as their home ballpark. The last Subway Series involving the original New York ballclubs came in 1956, when the Yankees beat the Dodgers. The trio was separated in 1958 when the Dodgers and Giants moved to California, and an all-NY Series did not recur until 2000, when the Yankees defeated the New York Mets in five games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.265408515930176, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "#The New York Yankees have defeated all eight original NL teams in a World Series. Conversely, they have lost at least one World Series to six of the original NL teams, never losing to the Chicago Cubs or the Philadelphia Phillies. The Boston Red Sox have played at least one Series against every original National League team except the (Boston, Milwaukee and Atlanta) Braves, with whom they shared a home city through 1953.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.698360919952393, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "#The St. Louis Cardinals are currently the only club of the National League's original eight that holds an overall Series lead over the Yankees, 3 to 2, taking that lead in 1964. The Giants won their first two Series over the Yankees (1921 and 1922), but the Yankees have faced the Giants five times since then and have won all five, taking the overall lead over the Giants in 1937. The Pittsburgh Pirates and Yankees have faced each other twice (1927 and 1960), with the Yankees winning in 1927 and the Pirates winning in 1960, making the two teams .500 against each other.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.462787628173828, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "#Three series have matched up the previous two World Champions, with the New York Yankees winning all three. The 1928 World Series was contested by the 1926 champion Cardinals and 1927 champion Yankees; the Yankees won the series 4-0. In 1943, the 1941 champion Yankees met the 1942 champion Cardinals, which the Yankees won 4-1. In the 1958 World Series, the 1956 champion Yankees faced the 1957 champion Milwaukee Braves; the Yankees won this series 4-3. The 2012 National League Championship Series also matched up the previous two World Champions: the 2010 champion Giants and the 2011 champion Cardinals. The Giants won this series 4-3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4162373542785645, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Highlanders", "passage": "Of all the teams hit hard by the pre-peace player movement following the 1902 season, no one was hit harder than the Pittsburgh Pirates—ironically, the team that had been least touched by player raids the year before. Defecting to the New York Highlanders were starting pitchers Jack Chesbro and Jesse Tannehill, who combined for 48 of Pittsburgh’s stunning 103 wins in 1902. The remaining starters—led by Sam Leever (25 wins, seven losses and a league-leading 2.06 earned run average) and Deacon Phillippe (25-9, 2.43 ERA)—helped jumpstart the Pirates from a sluggish start to 1903. Sagging in third place to start June, the Pirates won 15 straight—the first six by shutout, a major league record—to permanently reclaim their standing in first place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.657149314880371, "source": "search", "title": "Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series" }, { "answer": "New York Highlanders", "passage": "On August 1, Rube Waddell of the Philadelphia Athletics goes the distance and allows four hits against the New York Highlanders; all four hits are by Kid Elberfeld, setting an AL mark for most hits by one player while his teammates collect none. Elberfeld’s hits—and six walks given up by Waddell—lead to a 3-2 Highlanders victory over the A’s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.252445220947266, "source": "search", "title": "Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "How would one define the World Series? It's Willie Mays catching what can't be caught and Don Larsen being perfect where perfection is simply not possible. It's Babe Ruth telling the fans and media where he is going to deposit the next pitch and a heavily outscored team of Pirates beating the unbeatable Yankees off a ninth inning Bill Mazeroski blast. The World Series is the crushing blow of Fred Snodgrass dropping a routine fly ball and Willie McCovey hitting the final out straight to Bobby Richardson. It's the Curse of the Bambino, when loyal Red Sox fans live their entire lives without witnessing a championship and when Yankees fans witness four in five years...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.667447090148926, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Almanac" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "Since 1903, only two years have gone by without a World Series. Interestingly enough, neither of these years came during World War II, during which the best players from many teams fought overseas. (For example, the New York Yankees won the 1943 World Series without Hall of Famers Joe DiMaggio, Phil Rizutto and Red Ruffing.) Most recently, a players’ strike thwarted the championship. But in 1904, it was a National League owner who disappointed fans by preventing the annual event. John T. Brush, president of the New York Giants at the time, refused to compete with the Boston Americans because he considered both the team and the American League inferior. In 1905, when his Giants again won the National League Championship, Brush allowed his team to participate in the World Series—but only after the league instituted a number of regulations. The “Brush Rules,” as they were known, included provisions for revenue sharing between the teams and put in place the seven-game format. Though unpopular in his day, Brush is probably one of the most influential people in World Series history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.954119682312012, "source": "search", "title": "6 Things You May Not Know About the World Series - History ..." }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "This will be the last Red Sox World Series win until 2004 . The subsequent drought of eighty-six years will eventually become attributed to the Curse of the Bambino , as the Red Sox trade the superbly talented but troublesome Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees for cash in the off-season a year later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.224297523498535, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1921 : New York Giants (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 5 games to 3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.771493911743164, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1922 : New York Giants (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 0 (one tie).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89741325378418, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1923 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.956116676330566, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The Yankees opened their new Yankee Stadium in April on a home run by Ruth, setting the tone for the season and this Series, in which he hit 3 home runs along with drawing 8 walks. The Giants' one bright spot was \"Old Casey\" Stengel, who hit game-winning homers in each of the two Giants' victories. He would be traded after the season, leading him to quip later in life, \"It's a good thing I didn't hit three homers in three games, or McGraw would have traded me to the Three-I League !\". This marks the only time that three straight World Series have featured the same two teams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.763839721679688, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1927 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Pittsburgh Pirates (NL), 4 games to 0.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.845210075378418, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The \"Murderers Row\" Yankees, who won 110 games during the regular season, reportedly take a show-off batting practice before Game 1 in which they purposely rocket as many as they can into the seats. Whether true or legend, the Yankees have little trouble dispatching the Pirates, who will not see another Series for 33 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.122983932495117, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1928 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat St. Louis Cardinals (NL), 4 games to 0.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.622320175170898, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "Babe Ruth hits .625 (10 for 16) as the Yankees demolish their opponents by a combined score of 27 to 10.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.536005973815918, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1932 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 0.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.252022743225098, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "Babe Ruth hits his famous \" called shot \" home run — which is followed immediately by a Lou Gehrig solo home run, \"The Thunder after the Lightning\" — in Game 3 of this dominating Yankees performance in what will be Ruth's final Series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.968152046203613, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1936 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82744312286377, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "Hubbell wins Game 1, but it's all downhill after that. The Yankees win Game 2 at the Polo Grounds by an 18-4 count, a Series record for lopsided scoring. Joe DiMaggio makes all three 9th inning outs in that game, the final a long fly that he snares and then keeps on running all the way up the clubhouse steps.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.615478515625, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1937 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.822768211364746, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1938 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 0.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.42956829071045, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "Dizzy Dean, whose sore arm had carried the Cubs all year, runs out of gas in the Series as the Yanks crush the Cubs again. It will be the 2003 regular season (inter-league play) before the Cubs win a meaningful game against the Yankees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.758630752563477, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1939 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Cincinnati Reds (NL), 4 games to 0.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535624504089355, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1942 : St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.837839126586914, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "A scrappy young Redbirds team, their rally in Game 1 falling just short, sweep the remaining games and shock the old-guard Yankees players in a notable upset.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375335693359375, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1943 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat St. Louis Cardinals (NL), 4 games to 1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.898778915405273, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The old Yanks turn the tables on the Cardinals and get revenge for 1942. The Series is scheduled for a 3-4 format due to wartime travel restrictions. Yankees manager Joe McCarthy's final Series win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.476223945617676, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1947 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Brooklyn Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.516876220703125, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "Yankees pitcher Bill Bevens comes within 1 out of throwing a no-hitter in Game 4, but Cookie Lavagetto's pinch-hit double off the rightfield wall at Ebbets Field scores two runs and wins the game for the Dodgers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.6673583984375, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1949 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Brooklyn Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.653257369995117, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1950 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Philadelphia Phillies (NL), 4 games to 0.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740260124206543, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1952 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Brooklyn Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.545357704162598, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1953 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Brooklyn Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.687768936157227, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "Brooklyn pitcher Carl Erskine sets a new Series record by striking out 14 Yankees in Game 2. Despite that setback, the New York Yankees win their fifth straight World Series, breaking their own record of the late 1930s, a feat which has never been accomplished since.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7181599140167236, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1955 : Brooklyn Dodgers (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 3. MVP : Johnny Podres , Brooklyn", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.33299732208252, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "\"Next Year\" finally becomes \"This Year\" for the Flatbush Faithful, as Brooklyn wins its only World Series title. Leftfielder Sandy Amoros makes a dramatic game-saving catch off the bat of Yogi Berra in the 6th inning of Game 7, to start a double play and stymie the Yankees' best chance of the day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.86073112487793, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1956 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Brooklyn Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 3. MVP: Don Larsen , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.207206726074219, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "Larsen pitches the only no-hitter in World Series play — a perfect game, no less — for the Yankees. Catcher Yogi Berra, who caught Larsen's gem, remarked many years later, \"It's never happened in World Series history, and it hasn't happened since.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.076912879943848, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1957 : Milwaukee Braves (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 3. MVP: Lew Burdette , Milwaukee", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.49059009552002, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1958 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Milwaukee Braves (NL), 4 games to 3. MVP: Bob Turley , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.001890182495117, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1961 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Cincinnati Reds (NL), 4 games to 1. MVP: Whitey Ford , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.406121253967285, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1962 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat San Francisco Giants (NL), 4 games to 3. MVP: Ralph Terry , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.213789939880371, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "This Series, closely matched in every game, is remembered for its appropriately dramatic final play. The New Yorkers are up 1-0 in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 7, with two outs. The Giants' Matty Alou and Willie Mays are on third and second, carrying the potential tying and winning runs. Ralph Terry, who had given up Maz's sudden-victory homer in 1960, elects to pitch to slugger Willie McCovey instead of walking him. McCovey hits a screaming line drive out to New York's second baseman Bobby Richardson , handing the Yankees their second consecutive World title and redemption for Terry. Soon after, Peanuts cartoonist and Giants fan Charles M. Schulz would draw a comic strip with Charlie Brown sitting glumly with Linus , lamenting in the last panel, \"Why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just three feet higher?\" Later, he would draw an identical strip, except in the last panel Charlie is moaning, \"Or why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just two feet higher?\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.287060260772705, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1963 : Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 0. MVP: Sandy Koufax , Los Angeles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.721883773803711, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "Before Randy and Curt , there were Sandy and Don . Koufax, Drysdale and Johnny Podres combine to give up only 4 runs in 4 complete games. Koufax starts it off with a 15-strikeout performance in Game 1, and the Yankees are stymied throughout. This is the first time that the New York Yankees have been swept in a World Series in four games (the 1922 series had one tie).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.920585632324219, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1964 : St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 3. MVP: Bob Gibson , St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.208733558654785, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The Cardinals are the only team that has played the Yankees more than once in a World Series and holds a winning edge, 3 Series to 2. The Diamondbacks and the Marlins won single Series against the Yanks in the early 21st century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.12276029586792, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The \"California Dreamin'\" Series. This A's team remains the only team other than the Yankees to win three straight Series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.258285522460938, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1977 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Los Angeles Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 2. MVP: Reggie Jackson , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.474645614624023, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1978 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Los Angeles Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 2. MVP: Bucky Dent , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.570063591003418, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1981 : Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 2. MVP: Tie: Ron Cey , Pedro Guerrero and Steve Yeager , Los Angeles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.436241149902344, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "Yankees reliever George Frazier becomes the first pitcher to lose three games in a single Series while trying not to. The only other pitcher to lose three games in a Series, Lefty Williams , accepted money from gamblers to throw the 1919 Series .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.329559326171875, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "The Loma Prieta earthquake , which occurred shortly before Game 3 was due to start, caused a 10-day postponement in the middle of this Series that is otherwise totally dominated by the A's. First sweep in the Fall Classic since the 1976 Series when the Cincinnati Reds did it to the New York Yankees . Because of the postponement due to the Earthquake, Oakland used the same starters for games 3 & 4 as they did in games 1 & 2, Stewart and Mike Moore .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.215195655822754, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The Reds shock the heavily favored Athletics with a sweep. Rijo wins two of the four games allowing just one run. The A's were the first team to appear in three straight World Series since the 1976-78 Yankees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.565777063369751, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1996 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Atlanta Braves (NL), 4 games to 2. MVP: John Wetteland , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.296630859375, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1998 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat San Diego Padres (NL), 4 games to 0. MVP: Scott Brosius , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.876811981201172, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "The New York Yankees cap off the winningest season in baseball history (including playoffs) with their 125th win of the year in San Diego. It was the first sweep in the Fall Classic since 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.360868453979492, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "1999 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat Atlanta Braves (NL), 4 games to 0. MVP: Mariano Rivera , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.523550033569336, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Yankees", "passage": "The Yankees complete their second consecutive World Series sweep capping an 11-1 postseason. The 11-1 mark was a record until the Chicago White Sox matched it in the 2005 postseason. This was also the first sweep by a team without home-field advantage since 1966 when Baltimore swept the Dodgers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9492461681365967, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "2000 : New York Yankees (AL) defeat New York Mets † (NL), 4 games to 1. MVP: Derek Jeter , New York AL", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.930534362792969, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "2001 : Arizona Diamondbacks (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 3. MVPs: Randy Johnson and Curt Schilling , Arizona.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.149624824523926, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "passage": "2003 : Florida Marlins † (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 2. MVP: Josh Beckett , Florida.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.628103256225586, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" } ]

[ { "answer": "Denver Nuggets", "passage": "O'Neal was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers as the 17th pick in the 1996 NBA draft. The rookie was surrounded by veterans and emerging stars who could show him the ropes in Portland; forming the frontcourt with him were Arvydas Sabonis, Rasheed Wallace and Clifford R. Robinson. After missing the first 17 games with a bone contusion in his knee, O'Neal made his debut against the Denver Nuggets in December. At 18 years, one month and 22 days, he became the youngest player to play in an NBA game (a mark that was later eclipsed by Andrew Bynum). O'Neal also became the youngest player at 18 years, three months and eleven days to score 20 points in a game on January 22, 1997 against the Seattle SuperSonics.", "precise_score": 7.881807327270508, "rough_score": 5.393355369567871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jermaine O'Neal" }, { "answer": "Denver Nuggets", "passage": "O'Neal was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers as the 17th pick in the 1996 NBA Draft . [4] The rookie was surrounded by veterans and emerging stars who could show him the ropes in Portland; forming the frontcourt with him were Arvydas Sabonis , Rasheed Wallace and Clifford R. Robinson . After missing the first 17 games with a bone contusion in his knee, O'Neal made his debut against the Denver Nuggets in December. At 18 years, one month and 22 days, he became the youngest player to play in an NBA game (a mark that has since been eclipsed by Andrew Bynum ). [5] Portland was mediocre in the first half of the campaign, but came to form as the playoffs approached and managed to finish third in the Pacific Division with a 49–33 win-loss record. [6] While fans at the Rose Garden harbored thoughts of an upset against the Los Angeles Lakers in the first round of the playoffs, [2] the Trail Blazers succumbed in four games. [6] In O'Neal's first season, he appeared in a total of 45 games in the regular season, averaging 4.1 points and 2.8 rebounds per game. [7] For the most part, however, he came off the bench and only averaged 10.2 minutes a game. [7] O'Neal doubted for a while if he had made the right decision to skip college—he watched with envy as good friend and fellow prep-to-pro draftee Kobe Bryant was enjoying a good rookie season—but he remained confident that the best had yet to come. [2]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.095858573913574, "source": "search", "title": "Jermaine O'Neal - Basketball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Denver Nuggets", "passage": "S 3: Ep 24 Miami Heat vs. Boston Celtics; Phoenix Suns vs. Denver Nuggets", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.481728553771973, "source": "search", "title": "Jermaine O'Neal - TV.com" }, { "answer": "Denver Nuggets", "passage": "Made his NBA debut at the age of 18 years, 1 month and 22 days old, becoming the youngest player in NBA history, against the Denver Nuggets on 12/5/96", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.623298645019531, "source": "search", "title": "Jermaine O’Neal Page | THE OFFICIAL SITE OF THE INDIANA PACERS" } ]

[ { "answer": "Al Unser Sr", "passage": "With a victory, Castroneves would have become the fourth driver to win the Indy 500 four times, joining A.J. Foyt, Al Unser Sr. and Rick Mears. But throughout the afternoon the second-place car had the distinct disadvantage in passing the leader due to the draft, and short of blocking Hunter-Reay, Castroneves' options were limited.", "precise_score": 7.726077556610107, "rough_score": 5.3241868019104, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan Hunter-Reay wins the 2014 Indianapolis 500 - SBNation.com" }, { "answer": "Al Unser", "passage": "They include Castroneves, another Penske driver who's trying to become the fourth driver in history to win the Indy 500 four times. The other four-time winners are A.J. Foyt, Al Unser and Rick Mears. Team owner Roger Penske has won a record 15 Indy 500s with different drivers.", "precise_score": 6.639163017272949, "rough_score": 0.7904694080352783, "source": "search", "title": "Indy 500's high-end promises: big-name favorites ..." }, { "answer": "Al Unser", "passage": "The inaugural running was won by Ray Harroun in 1911. The race celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2011, and the 100th running was held in 2016. Alexander Rossi is the defending champion. The most successful drivers are A. J. Foyt, Al Unser, and Rick Mears, each of whom have won the race four times. The active driver with the most victories is Hélio Castroneves, with three. Rick Mears holds the record for most career pole positions with six. The most successful car owner is Roger Penske, owner of Team Penske, which has 16 total wins and 17 poles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.071805953979492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Indianapolis 500" }, { "answer": "Al Unser", "passage": "Al Unser (1970, 1971, 1978, 1987)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210308074951172, "source": "search", "title": "Indy 500 - Indianapolis Motor Speedway" }, { "answer": "Al Unser", "passage": "Troy Ruttman was 22 years, 80 days old when he won the 36th Indianapolis 500 on May 30, 1952. Q. Who is the oldest winner of the Indianapolis 500? A. Al Unser was 47 years, 360 days old when he won the 71st Indianapolis 500 on May 24, 1987.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6143444180488586, "source": "search", "title": "Indy 500 - Indianapolis Motor Speedway" }, { "answer": "Al Unser", "passage": "Al Unser (1970-71)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351875305175781, "source": "search", "title": "Indy 500 - Indianapolis Motor Speedway" }, { "answer": "Al Unser", "passage": "Hunter-Reay won by 0.060 seconds -- the second closest finish in race history since Al Unser Jr. beat Scott Goodyear by 0.043 seconds in 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.965470790863037, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan Hunter-Reay wins the Indianapolis 500 | Fox News" }, { "answer": "Al Unser", "passage": "The finish was the second-closest in the 98-year history of the Indy 500, only eclipsed by the 1992 race that saw Al Unser Jr. win by 0.0430 over Scott Goodyear.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6494712233543396, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan Hunter-Reay wins the 2014 Indianapolis 500 - SBNation.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "Joe Montana is the only player to have won the Super Bowl MVP three times (1982, 1985, 1990). There have been four others win the awards twice. They are Bart Starr (1967, 1967), Terry Bradshaw (1979, 1980), Tom Brady (2002, 2004) and Eli Manning (2008, 2012). Harvey Martin and Randy White of the Dallas Cowboys were named co-MVPs of Super Bowl XII, which was the only time that has happened in the history of the big game.", "precise_score": 9.241239547729492, "rough_score": 8.7412109375, "source": "search", "title": "List of Super Bowl MVP Winners & Their Positions - BetFirm" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "As you can see, the quarterback position has been named Super Bowl MVP almost four times as many as any other position. It is the only in which there are any players that have been named the MVP more than once. Bart Starr (1967, 1968), Terry Bradshaw (1979, 1980) Joe Montana (1982, 1985, 1990) Tom Brady (2002, 2004) and Eli Manning (2008, 2012) are the only players to win the award more than once. Montana is a three time winner which is an NFL record. Bart Starr and Terry Bradshaw are the only players to win the award in back to back years.", "precise_score": 7.974092960357666, "rough_score": 7.767518520355225, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl MVP Spotlight - Pro Player Insiders Executive ..." }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "Super Bowl XIII (1979) – The Steelers and the Cowboys met for a Super Bowl rematch in 1979, and this game ended the same way as the one three years earlier -- with a Pittsburgh victory. This time, however, it was Steelers quarterback Terry Bradshaw who won MVP, throwing for 318 yards and four touchdowns as Pittsburgh edged Dallas 35-31.", "precise_score": 8.578248977661133, "rough_score": 8.52349853515625, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl MVPs - CNN" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "Super Bowl XIV was a close game during the first three quarters. The Rams led 13–10 at halftime before Steelers quarterback Terry Bradshaw connected with wide receiver Lynn Swann on a 47-yard touchdown pass. Los Angeles regained the lead on a halfback option play with running back Lawrence McCutcheon's 24-yard touchdown pass to Ron Smith. But Pittsburgh controlled the fourth quarter, scoring 14 unanswered points with Bradshaw's 73-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver John Stallworth, and running back Franco Harris' 1-yard touchdown run. Despite throwing three interceptions, Bradshaw was named Super Bowl MVP by completing 14 of 21 passes for 309 yards and two touchdowns. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.312066555023193, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XIV" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "Pittsburgh quarterback Terry Bradshaw had another fine season as the leader of the Steelers offense, throwing for 3,724 yards and 26 touchdowns during the regular season (but he did throw 25 interceptions). Wide receiver John Stallworth was his top target with 70 receptions for 1,183 yards and 8 touchdowns, while wide receiver Lynn Swann caught 41 passes for 808 yards, an average of 19.7 yards per catch. Steelers starting tight end Bennie Cunningham, who missed most of the previous season due to injuries, was also a big contributor with 36 receptions for 512 yards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.368311882019043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XIV" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "The Rams took the opening kickoff but the Steel Curtain, however, managed to force a three-and-out. Then on the Steelers' 7th play of their first possession, quarterback Terry Bradshaw completed a 32-yard pass to running back Franco Harris to reach the Los Angeles 26-yard line. But a third down pass fell incomplete, forcing Pittsburgh to settle for a 41-yard field goal from rookie kicker Matt Bahr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.477968215942383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XIV" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "Joe Montana and Tom Brady are the only players to have won three Super Bowl MVP awards; three others—Starr, Terry Bradshaw, and Eli Manning—have won the award twice. Starr and Bradshaw are the only ones to have won it in back-to-back years. The MVP has come from the winning team every year except 1971, when Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley won the award despite the Cowboys' loss in Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts. Harvey Martin and Randy White were named co-MVPs of Super Bowl XII, the only time co-MVPs have been chosen. Including the Super Bowl XII co-MVPs, seven Cowboys players have won Super Bowl MVP awards, the most of any NFL team. Quarterbacks have earned the honor 27 times in 50 games. The youngest player to win the award was Marcus Allen, who was 23 when he was named the MVP of Super Bowl XVIII; the oldest winner was Super Bowl XXXIII MVP John Elway, who was 38 at the time. Mark Rypien and Hines Ward are the only players born outside the United States to earn the Super Bowl MVP, having been born in Canada and South Korea, respectively. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.10652326792478561, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "Chuck Noll's Pittsburgh Steelers would repeat to win Super Bowl 14 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on January 20th, 1980 against Ray Malavasi's LA Rams. Terry Bradshaw took home MVP for the second straight year as the Steelers won their 4th Super Bowl before any other team had won three. John Stallworth and Lynn Swan each caught touchdowns, while Franco Harris ran for two. Dave Elmendorf, Rod Perry, and Eddie Brown intercepted three Bradshaw passes, but it wasn't enough. Lawrence McCutcheon connected with Ron Smith on a halfback pass but quarterback Vince Ferragamo couldn't make the big throw for the Rams. Unsung hero, Larry Anderson, had 162 return yards setting up the Steeler win, 31-19.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.243134021759033, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl History 1980 - 1989 - Superbowl in the 1980's" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "1979 – Terry Bradshaw QB (Pittsburgh Steelers)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.429585456848145, "source": "search", "title": "List of Super Bowl MVP Winners & Their Positions - BetFirm" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "1980 – Terry Bradshaw QB (Pittsburgh Steelers)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.304132461547852, "source": "search", "title": "List of Super Bowl MVP Winners & Their Positions - BetFirm" }, { "answer": "Terry Bradshaw", "passage": "MVP: Terry Bradshaw , QB, Pittsburgh", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.05194091796875, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl XIV Box Score: Pittsburgh 31, Los Angeles 19" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hubert Green", "passage": "In the 1978 US Masters, who was leading Gary Player be seven strokes only to lose by a single stroke?*Hubert Green", "precise_score": 10.032668113708496, "rough_score": 10.760705947875977, "source": "search", "title": "What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball ..." }, { "answer": "Hubert Green", "passage": "Gary Player’s last Masters 2009 AUGUSTA FAREWELL: Apart from a few grey hairs and a few lines on his face, Gary Player looked hardly any different in 2009 than he had in 1961. In 2009, Player — one of golf’s greatest — bade farewell as a participant in the US Masters, a tournament he won three times. His first victory in 1961 was also the first time that a non-American had won at Augusta. Player won it again in 1974 and the last of his nine major victories came in the Masters of 1978. He maintains that his favourite round in a glittering career was the 64 he shot in the final round of the 1978 Masters. He had gone into the round trailing by seven shots, but seven birdies over the final 10 holes — including a clutch 15-foot birdie putt on the 18th — gave Player a one-stroke victory over 1977 winner Tom Watson, Hubert Green and Rod Funseth. Photo by Jamie Squire – Getty Images", "precise_score": 4.325717926025391, "rough_score": 6.538714408874512, "source": "search", "title": "SA's 100 Most Famous Sports Photos by SA Media ... - Issuu" }, { "answer": "Hubert Green", "passage": "He was the only player in the 20th century to win the British Open in three different decades. His first win, as a 23-year-old in 1959 at Muirfield, came after he double-bogeyed the last hole. In 1974, he became one of the few golfers in history to win two major championships in the same season. Player last won the U.S. Masters in 1978, when he started seven strokes behind 54-hole leader Hubert Green entering the final round, and won by one shot with birdies at seven of the last 10 holes for a back nine 30 and a final round 64. One week later, Player again came from seven strokes back in the final round to win the Tournament of Champions. In 1984, at the age of 48 Player nearly became the oldest ever major champion, finishing in second place behind Lee Trevino at the PGA Championship. And in gusty winds at the 1998 Masters, he became the oldest golfer ever to make the cut, breaking the 25-year-old record set by Sam Snead. Player credited this feat to his dedication to the concept of diet, health, practice and golf fitness. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.075279235839844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Player" }, { "answer": "Hubert Green", "passage": "Who won the 1977 US Golf Open despite receiving a death threat beforehand?*Hubert Green", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.647418022155762, "source": "search", "title": "What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball ..." }, { "answer": "Hubert Green", "passage": "What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball?*Cricket Who was the first U.S. volleyball player to win three Olympic gold medals?*Karch Kiraly What was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980's?*The Los Angeles Dodgers What NFL team is known as the \"ain'ts\" when on a losing streak?*The New Orleans Saints What's an NBA player deemed to be if he's received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy?*The most valuable player What Washington Capitals goalie earned the nicknames \"Ace\" and \"Net Detective\"?*Jim Carey What NBA team plays home games in the Alamo dome?*The San Antonio Spurs Who graciously switched to number 77 so Phil Esposito's number 7 could be retired in Boston Garden?*Raymond Bourque What company's logo is called the \"swoosh\"?*Nike's What Rd Sox catcher's erect posture earned him the clubhouse nickname \"Frankenstein\"?*Carlton Fisk's What sport did Herve Filion top with a record of 14,084 wins?*Harness racing What team hired the NFL's first professional cheerleading squad, in 1972?*The Dallas Cowboys What Native American language was Super Bowl XXX the first to be broadcast in?*Navajo What nickname do boxing fans call 300-pound Eric Esch, King of the Four-Rounders?*Butterbean What 1995 World Series team were both picketed by the American Indian Movement?*The Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians What diet drink was hyped by Coca-Cola for having only only calorie, in 1963?*Tab What comic actor scored huge sales with his Bad Golf Made Easy instructional videos?*Leslie Nielsen What country fielded 1996 Olympic women's teams that won gold in basketball, soccer and softball?*The U.S What Grand Slam golf tournament has the most clubhousers sipping mint juleps?*The Masters Who is the only tennis player to have won each of the four grand slam events at least four times?*Steffi Graf What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys?*The 1960's Who was able to set NFL rushing records because of his \"big but\" according to Chicago Bears trainer Frank Caito?*Walter Payton What position must college footballers play to receive the Davey O'Brien Award?*Quarterback What disorder did Muhammad Ali develop after years of catching blows?*Parkinson's syndrome What are the only three European countries to have won soccer's World Cup?*England, Italy, West Germany What is the common term for the tennis ailment \"lateral humeral epicondylitis\"?*Tennis Elbow What racing competition became a best-of-nine series in 1995?*The America's Cup Who was the first athlete to rap at a Pro Bowl musical gala in 1995?*Deion Sanders What woman won five U.S. figure skating titles from 6 to 173, but never an Olympic gold medal?*Janet Lynn Who was the first female jockey to win five races in one day at a New York track?*Julie Krone What teams played in the first all-California Super Bowl?*The San Francisco 49ers and the San Diego Chargers What two players are tied for second behind Ty Cobb in total career runs?*Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth What Indiana Pacer did Knicks fan Spike Lee anger during the 1994 playoffs by calling him \"Cheryl\"?*Reggie Miller What franchise has played in the most NBA finals since 1947?*Lakers What two NBA players won the MVP trophy three times each from 1986 through 1992?*Magic Johnson and Michael Jordan What player did the Boston Celtics draft between won-lost seasons of 29-53 and 61-21?*Larry Bird What Baltic country did Portland Trail Blazer Arvydas Sabonis play for at the 1996 Olympics?*Lithuania What NBA team became the first to defeat the Boston Celtics in 12 straight games, in 1995?*The New York Knicks Who was the first hoopster to win eight NBA scoring titles?*Michael Jordan What NBA team is known in China as \"the Red Oxen\"?*The Chicago Bulls Who was the last Boston Celtics coach to lead the team to two straight NBA titles?*Bill Russell What two NBA stars did Forbes list as the highest paid athletes for 1994?*Michael Jordan and Shaquille O'Neal What NBA coach got cosmic by penning the Zen book Sacred Hoops: Spiritual Lessons of a Hardwood Warrior?*Phil Jackson Who earned $32 million of his $36 million 1993 earnings from endorsements?*Michael Jordan What 20th-century decade saw the NBA adopt the 24-second shot clock?*The 1950s What 1960 rookie bested the league's \"triple double\" record of two during his first week in the NBA?*Oscar Robertson What seven-foot-two Chicago Bulls hoopster was the first Australian to lay in the NBA?*Luke Longley What future NBA star was dubbed \"Boy Gorge\" when his weight passed 300 pounds in college?*Charles Barkley What Lakers coach had been an 11th-round pick in the 1967 NFL draft?*Pat Riley What NBA team plays home games at a facility nicknamed \"The O-rena\"?*Orlando Magic Who became the NBA's winningest coach ever on January 6, 1995?*Lenny Wilkins Who netted an NBA record 72.7 field goal percentage in the 1972-73 season?*Wilt Chamberlain What sports team got its name because its owners wanted to \"set the pace\" in the NBA?*The Indiana Pacers What NBA star attempted a record 28,307 field goals in regular season games?*Kareem Abdul-Jabbar What NBA team started out in 1948 as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks?*The Atlanta Hawks What NBA team failed to make the playoffs in 1994 for the first time since 1976?*Lakers What basketball team was the first in major league sports to be named for an insect?*Hornets What L.A. Lakers great might have played for Chicago if the Bulls had called \"tails\" in a 1979 NBA coin toss?*Magic Johnson What Chicago Bulls coach has checked into hotels under the pseudonym \"Mr. Red Cloud\"?*Phil Jackson What NBA team is named after a car part?*Detroit Pistons What hoopster scored in double figures in 787 straight games, from December 4, 1977 to December 4, 1987?*Kareem Abdul-Jabbar What NBA team retired jersey numbers 3, 33, 32, and 35 in the 1990s?*Boston Celtics What NBA team plays home games in an arena located at Two Pennsylvania Plaza?*New York Knicks What NBA hoopster averaged an amazing 48.5 minutes per game, including overtime, in the 1961-62 season?*Wilt Chamberlin What NBA hoopster is known as \"The Worm\"?*Dennis Rodman What NBA star retired for the third time on May 14, 1996?*Magic Johnson How many rules did James Naismith originally write to define basketball --13, 33, or 53?*Thirteen Who led the NBA in hair colors in 1995?*Dennis Rodman What seven-foot-one NBA center's first name translates as \"little one\"?*Shaquille O'Neal What do you have to be in the NBA to win the Eddie Gottlieb Trophy?*Rookie of the year Whose all-time NBA assists record was broken by John Stockton in 1995?*Magic Johnson What basketball team had drubbed the New Jersey Reds 2,495 times straight before losing to them 100-99 in 1971?*Harlem Globetrotters What city decided to call its new NBA team the Grizzlies, after much debate?*Vancouver Whose 1996 return to the NBA earned him simultaneous Time, Newsweek, U.S. News and Sports Illustrated covers?*Magic Johnson What Celtics star of the 1980s did the Boston Globe say looked like Herman Munster?*Kevin McHale What was the first NBA team to win 70 games or more in the regular season?*Chicago Bulls Who holds the NBA scoring mark for a single half, with 59 points?*Wilt Chamberlin What nickname did NBA star Karl Malone earn for his ability to deliver in the clutch?*The Mailman How many NBA titles did Magic Johnson help the Lakers win as a player?*5 What former L.A. Lakers guard became the team's general manger?*Jerry West What hoopsters did major league pitchers Bob Gibson and Ferguson Jenkins once play for?*Harlem Globetrotters What school gained more yards and scored more points than any team in Southeastern Conference history in 1995?*The Florida Gators What head coach tried to soothe the egos of Dream Team III?*Lenny Wilkins Who's second to Sam Snead in PGA Tour wins?*Jack Nicklaus What quarterback got stuck with the given names Yelberton Abraham?*Y.A. Tittle Which two cities have the oldest stadiums in major league baseball?*Boston and Detroit What's the last name of NFL All-Pro brothers Shannon and Sterling?*Sharpe What baseball announcer's 1996 funeral was attended b y Joe DiMaggio, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford and Phil Rizzuto?*Mel Allen What position did Cal Ripkin Jr., start at for the first time since 1982, in a July, 1996 game?*Third base What Pro Football Hall of Famer was the first to get a second bust in the Hall, for broadcasting?*Frank Gifford What team did Yankees pitcher Don Larsen blank when he hurled the first perfect game, in the 1956 World Series?*The Brooklyn Dodgers What did an MIT instructor add to a baseball bat to reduce its air drag by 60 percent?*Dimples What recreational activity is second on popularity only to walking in the U.S.?*Swimming What's the most common nickname for a major league baseball pitcher?*Lefty Who was the NBA Coach of the Year trophy named after?*Red Auerbach What major leaguer hit 20 or more homers in 20 seasons?*Hank Aaron What Cowboy's 99-yard run from scrimmage put him in the NFL record book in 1983?*Tony Dorsett's What did college student Joseph Deliberato swallow a record 89 of at one sitting in 1939?*Goldfish How many home run titles did Roger Maris win?*One What Indiana Pacer did Knicks fan Spike Lee anger during the 1994 playoffs by calling him \"Cheryl\"?*Reggie Miller What two NBA players won the MVP trophy three times each from 1986 through 1992?*Magic Johnson and Michael Jordan What shortstop holds the major league records for games played, assists and double plays?*Ozzie Smith What NBA team became the first to defeat the Boston Celtics in 12 straight games in 1995?*The New York Nicks What baseball team's games are announced on TV by Skip Carey?*The Atlanta Braves What Brooklyn Dodgers great got his nickname for hat he called his shooter when playing marbles as a child?*Pee Wee Reese What baseball team has a monthly newsletter called \"The Vineline\"?*The Chicago Cubs What's the surfing term for a fast ride with five toes hooked over the board?*Hang Five What three 49er have earned super Bowl MVP honors through 1996?*Joe Montana, Jerry Rice, Steve Young What decade saw the NFL ban blocking below the waist and head slapping?*The 1970's What's the last Grand Slam tennis tournament played in a calendar year?*The U.S. Open What racket sport can be played with four balls of differing bouncing qualities?*Squash What brilliant name did the Texas Rangers choose for their ballpark?*The Ballpark What are sportsmen hoping to find in a creel?*Fish Who wore shoes labeled \"Air Uta\" during her 1995 Boston Marathon victory?*Uta Pippig Who usually finished last in Edmonton Oilers strength tests, in the 1980s?*Wayne Gretzky What pro athlete is nicknamed \"The Dream\"?*Hakeem Olajuwon What Giant's bone-crushing 1985 tackle ended Joe Theismann's career?*Lawrence Taylor What sport features strikers and sweepers?*Soccer What Mariner's 15 homers in May of 1994 were more than the entire Montreal Expos team managed?*Ken Griffey Jr. How many of the five boroughs does the New York City marathon run through?*5 What new pitch helped Carl Hubbell win 24 straight games in the 1930s?*The Screwball How many holes are in the original Wiffle ball?*Eight What sport accounted for five of the top ten highest grossing sports movies, through 1994?*Boxing What pro sport tries to break ties with a sudden-death overtime period of five minutes?*Hockey What do you call the stick you use to push a shuffleboard disc?*A cue What state is allowed to compete separately from the U.S. at international surfing meets.?*Hawaii What name did the athletic teams go by at Jack Nicklaus' high school?*The Golden Bears Who was the first African-American to win the U.S. and world figure skating singles titles?*Debi Thomas What U.S. track star did French writers dub La gazelle in 1960?*Wilma Rudoph What racket sport involves bashing a bird?*Badminton How many of every ten pro athletes in the U.S. are African - American?*One What sport features such plays as the flare, fly, buttonhook and post?*Football What Celtics announcer found he could hear much better after a doctor discovered a radio ear plug in his ear?*Johnny Most What team sport was 1995's fastest-growing sport in the U.S., up 43 percent since 1994?*Roller Hockey What nation's Black Magic I sailed away with a five-zero America's Cup win in 1995?*New Zealand What team has the highest Stanley Cup playoff winning percentage?*The Edmonton Oilers What baseball team has a monthly newsletter called The Vineline?The Chicago Cubs Q: What are the only three European countries to have won soccer's World Cup?*England, Italy, West Germany Q: What heavyweight was Tony \"Two Ton\" Galento referring to when he said in 1939 \"I'll molder de bum\"?*Joe Lewis Q: What sport did Herve Filion top with a record of 14,084 wins?*Harness racing Q: What two continents fielded teams in the World League of American Football, in 1991?*Europe and North America Q: Who was able to set NFL rushing records because of his \"big butt,\" according to Chicago Bears trainer Frank Caito?*Walter Payton Q: Who was the first U.S. volleyball player to win three Olympic gold medals?*Karch Kiraly Q: What movie did Michael Eisner say was his \"market research\" for Disney's NHL entry?*The Mighty Ducks Q: What was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980s?*The Los Angeles Dodgers Q: What league was Gino Cappelletti the top scorer of in the 1960s, with 1,100 points?*The American Football League Q: What position did Cal Ripkin Jr., start at for the first time since 1982, in a July, 1996 game?*Third base Q: What decade saw the NFL ban blocking below the waist and head slapping?*The 1970s Q: What Yankee pitcher holds World Series records for games won and games lost?*Whitey Ford Q: What baseball announcer's 1996 funeral was attended by Joe DiMaggio, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford and Phil Rizzuto?*Mel Allen Q: What major leaguer hit 20 or more homers in 20 seasons?*Hank Aaron Q: What baseballer said of Biloxi Blues: \"It reminded me of being in the Army, even though I was in the Navy:?*Yogi Berra Q: What South African has traveled more miles than any athlete in history?*Gary Player Q: What team had a camp so grueling it was dubbed \" Fort Landry\"?*The Dallas Cowboys Q: What former Bruin defenseman was the first to skate on Boston's new Feet Center ice?*Bobby Orr Q: What down-under sport is a cross between soccer and rugby?*Australian Rules Football Q: How long is the longest race on the NASCAR circuit?*600 miles Q: What U.S. college sport honors its best player with the Hobey Baker Award?*Hockey Q: What horse tied, but could not break, Citation's 16-race consecutive win streak?*Cigar Q: Who was the first major leaguer to hit home runs in his teens and n his forties?*Ty Cobb Q: Who was the only soccer player to play on three World Cup-winning teams?*Pele Q: What ballplayer was dubbed \" The Iron Bird\"?*Cal Ripken Jr. Q: What does the Lindy Worm Blower allegedly enhance your chances of doing?*Catching fish Q: What pro sport was played by Lu Blue, Pebbly Jack Glasscock and Mordecai Peter Centennial \"Three Finger\" Brown?*Baseball Q: What pro team made it to the playoffs a record 29 straight times, in 1996?*The Boston Bruins Q: What essential do track racing bicycles lack that a recreational rider wouldn't be caught dead without?*Brakes Q: What weighty Japanese sport has participants known as rikishi?*Sumo wrestling Q: What 28-year-old ice skater died of a sudden heart attack in November, 1995?*Sergei Grinkov Q: What golfer made a comeback from chemotherapy and radiation treatment for lymphoma in 1994?*Paul Azinger Q: Who was the last person to win back to back World Series of Poker Tournament ?*Johnny Chan Q: What golfer beat Porky Oliver at the 1946 PGA Championship to win his first major?*Ben Hogan Q: What multi-nicknamed Yankees great suggested he be called \"The Idol of the American Boy\"?*Babe Ruth Q: What two-time All-Big-Eight defensive back at Colorado won three U.S. Open golf titles?*Hale Irwin Q: Who topped the PGA Tour in earnings for five years in the 1970s?*Jack Nicklaus Q: What golf tourney banned sportscaster Gary McCord for calling course bumps \"body bags\" and suggesting \"bikini wax\" sped the greens?*The Masters Q: What dreaded golf shot occurs when the ball is hit with the hosel of the club?*A Shank Q: What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys?*The 1960s Q: What Pro Football Hall of Famer was the first to get a second bust in the Hall, for broadcasting?*Frank Gifford Q: What three 49ers have earned Super Bowl MVP honors, through 1996?*Joe Montana, Jerry Rice, Steve Young Q: What Brooklyn Dodgers great got his nick name for what he called his shooter when playing marbles as a child?*\"Pee Wee\" Reese Q: What sport was popularized by Olympic swimmer Duke Kahanamoku?*Surfing Q: What NBA star refuses to have the hot water turned on at his Chicago home because he rarely takes showers there?*Dennis Rodman Q: What's an NBA player deemed to be if he's received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy?*Most Valuable Player Q: What's the last name of NFL All Pro brothers Shannon and Sterling?*Sharpe Q: Who is the only tennis player to have won each of the four grand slam events at least four times?*Steffi Graf Q: What position must college footballers play to receive the Davey O'Brien Award?*Quarterback Q: What NBA team charges $600 for a floor seal at a regular season game?*The Los Angeles Lakers Q: What's the fastest engine-powered sport?*Airplane racing Q: What heavyweight was Tony \"Two Ton\" Galento referring to when he said in 1939:\"I'll molder de bum\"?*Joe Luis Q: What Oakland Athletic hit the longest homer in Cumiskey Park history, and followed it the next day with one twenty feet longer?*Mark McGwire Q: Who coached the Detroit Red Wings to 62 wins in 1995-96, breaking Scotty Bowman's mark of 60 with Montréal in 1976-77?*Scotty Bowman Q: What team ended 54 years of frustration by winning the Stanley Cup in 1994?*The New York Rangers Q: What Alabama-born football and baseball star was named after the actor who played Dr. Ben Casey on TV?*Vince Edward \"Bo\" Jackson In horse racing, in which city is the Japan Cup held?*Tokyo In what year was soccer's last World Cup of the 80s held?*1986 In 1993 Michael Jordan gave up basketball to try which sport?*Baseball What is the first name of athlete Joyner Kersee?*Jackie Which country's soccer team was captained by Dunga?*Brazil What is the color of the stage leader's jersey in the Tour de France?*Yellow In basket ball, where do the Suns come from?*Phoenix Which fellow American said with Arnold Palmer that his 1995 British Open would be his last?*Jack Nicklaus Which Nancy was elected to the Golfing Hall of Fame in 1987?*Lopez Mark Spitz landed how many gold medals in the 1972 Olympics?*Seven Yapping Deng was a world champion in which sport?*Table Tennis Which golfer born in 1929 was the first to earn over $1 million?*Arnold Palmer In which sport were Lonsdale Belts awarded?*Boxing Which member of the Howe family held a record that Wayne Gretzky overtook in the 1980s?*Gordie In which sport does the Fastnet Race take place?*Yachting What type of speed event is Bonnie Blair famous for?*Speed skating Which Martina dominated tennis in the 80s?*Navratilova Which baseball team are Giants?*San Francisco In 1994 who had a public off-rink battle with Tony Harding?*Nancy Kerrigan The Australian Dawn Fraser was famous for which sport?*Swimming Which San Francisco team did Joe Montana play for through most of the 80s?*49ers Who did Magic Johnson play for throughout the 80s?*Los Angeles Lakers The final of which tennis Grand Slam tournament is played in a Meadow?*US Open At which circuit does Formula 1's San Marino Grand Prix take place?*Imola The Fosbury Flop was developed in which sport?*High jump Where did Johnny Miller win his first Major?*Oakmont, Pennsylvania At which venue did Tony Jacklin win the US Open?*Hazeltine, Minnesota Which football team did Jim Brown join in 1957?*Cleveland Browns In which decade did Bonnie Blair set her first world record?*1980s In which country was Wayne Gretzky born?*Canada Who set a record fro most NBA points in a season in 1961-62?Wilt Chamberlain Who was MVP in the first-ever Super Bowl?*Bart Starr How many members joined the original International Amateur Athletic Federation?*17 Which team did Wayne Gretzky join in 1988?*Los Angeles Kings Sergey Bubka has broken the world record on over 30 occasions in which event?*Pole Vault Which position did Jim Brown play?*Fullback Which Jimmy was tennis No 1 for five years in the 70s?*Connors Which team in the 80s won the Super Bowl by the biggest margin?*Chicago Bears Who was Czechoslovakia's only Wimbledon Men's Singles winner of the 20th century, playing as a Czech?*Jan Kodes The Ali v Foreman fight of 1974 was outside which city?*Kinshasa In what year was Larry Bird first named NBA's MVP?*1984 Who was the first British man to be British and UL Open champion at the same time?*Tony Jacklin In which 20th-century decade did professional players make up a dream team in the Olympic Games in basketball?*1990s Who was Jermaine O'Neal playing against when he made his debut in 1996?*Denver Nuggets Who was Mike Tyson's manager in the late 1980s?*Bill Cayton Which country did 70s French Open women's singles winner \"Virginia Rusici come from?*Romania What are the first names of the Williams sisters?*Venus and Serena Where in 1912 did Jim Thorpe win Olympic gold in the pentathlon and the decathlon?*Stockholm, Sweden Which country does tennis player Pat Rafter come from?*Australia Whose home runs record did Mark McGwire beak in the 1998 season?*Roger Maris Which country won most medals in the last 20th century winter Olympics?*Germany Which newspaper owner bought the Boston Red Sox in 1910?*John Taylor In what year were the Dallas Cowboys founded?*1960 In basketball, which Red was coach of the year in 1965?*Red Auerbach What is Denise Lewis's main athletic event?*Heptathlon In the 1978 US Masters, who was leading Gary Player be seven strokes only to lose by a single stroke?*Hubert Green What distance is the Breeders' Cup Classic?*One and a quarter miles Why does the leader of the Tour de France wear a yellow jersey?*Its sponsor printed its newspaper on yellow paper. What was the team fee when the NFL was first formed?*$100 In golf, who presents the green jacket to the US Masters winner?*Previous year's winner Walter Swinburne won his first English Derby on which great horse?*Shergar Which British golfer regained the US Masters in 1996?*Nick Faldo How many times did the New York Yankees win the World Series in the 1970s?*Twice In which league did Joe DiMaggio begin his playing career?*Pacific Coast League Where was the first Super Bowl of the 80s held?*Rose Bowl, Pasadena How old was Pete Sampras when he first won the US Open?*19 In hockey, what is the Ross Trophy awarded for?*Top points scorer Where did golfer Mark Calcavecchia win his only British Open?*Troon What distance is the Breeder's Cup Juvenile?*1 mile Who came up with the name the Super Bowl?*Lamar Hunt Michael Jordan was a super scorer for which team?*Chicago Bulls Who was the USA's hockey coach at the 1980 Olympics?*Herb Brooks Who was the only Chinese track and field athlete to win gold in Atlanta in 1996?*Wang Junxia Who beat the Babe Ruth's record 714 home runs in 1974?*Hank Aaron Which Major League baseball team signed Jackie Robinson in 1946?*Brooklyn Dodgers Motor racing's Juan Manuel Fangio came from which country?*Argentina In which 90s year did none of the four golf majors go to an American?*1993 Who fought the first world title fight between two undefeated world heavyweight champions?*Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier Who, along with the Montreal Canadians, are the only founding members of the NHL remaining?*Toronto Maple Leafs Who did Pete Sampras beat in the final to take his sixth Wimbledon singles title?*Andre Agassi Who rode the first European-trained horse to win one of the triple Crown races?*Michael Kinane What is the lowest total for the British Open in the 20th century?*267 Who did Kareem Abdul-Jabbar play for before he joined the Los Angeles Lakers in 1976?*Milwaukee Bucks Who did Babe Ruth play for before joining the New York Yankees?*Boston Red Sox In which event in Atlanta in 1996 did Croatia win their first ever Olympic title?*Handball Jon Juneau was world champion in which sport?*Tenpin bowling How many times did the Boston Celtics win the NBA championship between 1957 and 1969?*11 Which country did long distance runner Emil Zatopek come from?*Czechoslovakia What was Jack Dempsey's nickname?*Manassa Mauler Who was Pete Sampras's coach when he won his first US Open?*Joe Brandi Which horse was Horse of the Year from 1960 to 1964?*Kelso Who was the first athlete to set six track and filed world records on the same day?*Jesse Owens What breed of dog was Steffi Graf's Ben?*Boxer What was the first European-trained horse to win a Triple Crown race?*Go and Go Which three events make up the Triathlon.*Swimming, cycling, and running Apart from sprinting in which event did Carl Lewis twice take Olympic gold?*Long jump Who won the 1977 US Golf Open despite receiving a death threat beforehand?*Hubert Green Who scored the winner in the USA's ice hockey win over the USSR in the 1980 Olympics?*Mike Eruzione Where was Super Bowl I played?*Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Jo DiMaggio was known as what kind of Joe?*Joltin' In the season Damon Hill was motor racing's Formula One world champion how many races did he win?*8 Who was the defending champion when Stefan Edberg first won the Wimbledon singles?*Pat Cash In 1941 Joe DiMaggio set a record of safe hits in how many consecutive games?*56 In which decade was Daley Thompson born?*1950s At which formula 1 motor racing circuit did Ayrton Senna lose his life?*Imola Which two new events were introduced at the Atlanta Olympics?*Softball & beach volleyball Which horse landed both the English and Irish Derby in 1993?*Commander In Chief What was Jack Nicklaus's first major success after turning professional?*US Open How was Lew Alcindor later known?*Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Brian Barnes played golf for Scotland in the 70s but where was he born?*London Which country does sprinter David Ezinwa come from?*Nigeria Arthur Ashe had a successful sporting career at which university?*California Who won swimming gold in the 100m freestyle at the 1956,'60 and '64 Olympics?*Dawn Fraser What is the middle name of golfer Mark James?*Hugh By 1999, which country had most Wimbledon Men's Singles winners?*Great Britain Which woman won Wimbledon for the first time in 1999?*Lindsay Davenport Gordie Howe joined the NHL in 1946; in which decade did he retire?*1980s (1980) Where was the firs Super Bowl of the 90s held?*Superdome, New Orleans Laura Flessel and Marie Jose Perec come from which island?*Guadeloupe Who was women's tennis No 1 from in each year from 1967-73?*Billie Jean King How many Kentucky Derbies did Bill Shoemaker win?*3 Which boxer appeared in the film Spirit of Youth?*Joe Louis Who was the first lady golfer to land the British and US Open in the same year?*Patty Sheehan On which course is the Preakness Stakes run?*Pimlico, Baltimore How old was Nadia Comaneci when she won Olympic Gold?*144 Who lost Super Bowl II?*Oakland Raiders At which venue did \"Greg Norman first win the British Open?*Turnberry The Super Bowl trophy is named after which coach?*Vince Lombardi Which golfer founded the US Masters tournament?*Bobby Jones What distance is the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies?*1 mile, 110 yards What is the nickname of cycling's Marco Pantani?*The Pirate Who did the Chicago Bulls beat to win their first NBA Championship between 1957 and 1969?*Los Angeles Lakers Who did Andre Agassi beat in the 1996 Olympic tennis final?*Sergi Bruguera What number shirt did \"San Francisco 49er Jerry Rice wear?*80 The Kentucky Derby is always held on what date?*First Saturday in May Who said in 1998, \"The ball doesn't now how old you are?\"*Mark O'Meara Who beat Jack Nicklaus and Raymond Floyd's tournament record at the 1997 Masters?*Tiger Woods Who was the San Francisco 49ers' first selection in the 1995 NFL draft?*Jerry Rice In which branch of the services did Arthur Ashe serve before becoming a tennis pro?*Army Who, in the 1967 AFL season, became the first quarterback to pass more than 4,000 yards?*Joe Namath, New York Jets In 1998 which British boxer took on Shannon Briggs and Zeljko Mavrovic?*Lennox Lewis How often is the Ryder Cup held?*Every two years In 1988 who won the tennis grand Slam and Olympic gold?*Steffi Graf Which gold medalist Mark was told by his father, \"Swimming isn't everything, winning is\"? *Mark Spitz Who was the last Canadian before Donovan Bailey in 1996 to cross the line first in the 100m and keep the medal?*Percy Williams In which Olympic event did Edwin Moses find fame?*(400 meters) hurdles In which sport did Andy Thomson become a world champion?*Bowls Sergei Bubka competes in which athletics event ?*California In which Olympic jumping event did Mike Conley find fame?*Triple Jump Where did Joe Montana play NCAA Division I football?*Notre Dame University In which decade did Joe Montana retire from football?*1990s In 1972 who ordered the last three seconds of the basketball final to be played again, which gave the USSR gold?*R William Thompson How may goals were scored in soccer's 1998 World Cup Final?*Three How many players are there in a men's lacrosse team?*10 What relation was Flo Jo to Jackie Joyner Kersee?*Sister in Law In football, what position is RB?*Running Back Warren Beatty was offered full college scholarships in which sport?*Football The Naismith Award is presented in which sport?*Basketball Which country broke the India/Pakistan 50-year monopoly of men's hockey tournaments?*Germany In which decade did Carl Lewis first win four Olympic golds?*1980s In which Olympic event did Bob Beamon find fame?*Track and field's long jump Who won a record ninth Wimbledon singles title in 1990?*Martina Navratilova How many times did Ivan Lendl win Wimbledon singles?*Never Which country does tennis player Marcelo Rios come from?*Chile Which golf tournament presents its winner with a green jacket?*The Masters Who had a seven year contract with Orlando Magic for $42 million?*Shaquille O'Neal Who won the 400m hurdles in the games sandwiched between Ed Moses' two triumphs?*Volker Beck In football, what do the letters AFL stand for?*American Football League In hockey, what is the Hart Trophy awarded for?*League's MVP Which British Fred was a Wimbledon singles winner in the 1930s?*Perry Who told a Wimbledon umpire, \"You are the pits of the world?\"*John McEnroe Where was the Rumble in the Ali v Foreman fight in Zaire in 1974?*Jungle Who won every Lacrosse World championship between 1974 to 1994?*USA Britain and which other country have won gold in every Summer Games?*France Greg LeMond was a champion in which sport?*Cycling In which decade did Marina Navratilova take US citizenship?*1980s Which Bobby was the first golfer to win the 'Grand slam' in a single year in the 1960s?*Jones With which track and field event was Geoff Capes particularly associated?*Shotput In baseball, where do the Orioles come from?*Baltimore Alberto Tomba found fame in which Winter Olympic sport?*Skiing Where was the location of the first Winter Games after World War II?*St. Moritz, Switzerland What type of speed event was Eric Heiden famous for?*Speed skating How was Mildred Didrikson better known?*Babe Zaharias Which country does Goran Ivanisevic come from?*Croatia Which NBA side did Cheryl Miller's brother Reggie play for?*Indiana Pacers Which 30-plus player won his first golf Major at the 1998 US Masters?*Mark O'Meara What is the nickname of record-breaking sprinter Maurice Greene?*Kansas Cannonball Where were the last Olympics of the 20th century in the USA held?*Atlanta How many 20th century Olympics were held in Los Angeles?*Two Who came second when Donovan Bailey won 100m gold?*Frankie Fredericks What type of golfers compete for the Curtis Cup?*Women golfers How long was swimmer Michelle Smith-de Bruin banned for attempting to manipulate a drugs test?*4 years In basketball, where do the Suns come from?*Phoenix In what decade did Bill Shoemaker ride his first winner?*1940s Which cartoon and film character is the nick name of super athlete Michael Johnson?*Superman Greg Norman is known as the Great White what?*Shark Which country did 70s star Lassie Virren come from?*Finland In which city is the US \"Tennis Open held?*New York Who, back in 1920, was the first football player to be traded?*Bob Nash Which golfer was Europe's leading money winner of 1998?*Colin Montgomerie Who did Joe DiMaggio play for throughout his career?*New York Yankees In football, what do the letters NFL stand for?*National Football League The Davis Cup is competed for in which sport?*Tennis Who was ejected in the men's basketball final in 1972?*Dwight Jones & Dvorn Edeshko Who was Joltin Joe?*Joe DiMaggio Which movie star was an Austrian Junior Olympic Weight lifting Champion?*Arnold Schwarzenegger What sport is staged at Roland Garros?*Tennis Where was Larry Bird from -- which gave him his nickname?*French Lick, Indiana What is the nationality of athlete Donovan Bailey?*Canadian Where in Massachusetts is the oldest American marathon race?*Boston In which sport did Andre's dad Mike Agassi compete in the Olympics?*Boxing In basketball, where do the Wizards come from?*Washington Which team did Hakeem Olajuwon join in 1984?*Houston Rockets Which Major-winning British golfer split from his coach David Leadbetter in 1998?*Nick Faldo Peter Nichol became the first Brit in 25 years to win the British Open in which sport?*Squash In football, what position is WR?*Wide receiver Which springboard was invented in the USA in the 1930s?*Trampoline In which event did an individual first win four successive gold medals?*Discus How many players per team can be on the field for any play in the NFL?*11 The Hawaii Ironman Championships are in which sport?*Triathlon Which Mark was captain of the European 1999 Ryder cup team?*James Billy Crystal had a full college scholarship in which sport?*Baseball Which Jennifer won Olympic gold in tennis in 1992?*Capriati In baseball, when a team is pitching how many players do they have on the field?*Nine In which event did Michelle Smith de Bruin win bronze in 1996?*200m butterfly Where does Sumo wrestling originate from?*Japan Which legendary American golfer played his last British Open in 1995?*Arnold Palmer Athlete Zola Budd was born in which country?*South Africa Which Spaniard won two US Masters in the 80s?*Seve Ballesteros In which decade did the Super Bowl begin?*1960s", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.351103782653809, "source": "search", "title": "What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball ..." }, { "answer": "Hubert Green", "passage": "10. Hubert Green defies death threat to win, 1977", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.634238243103027, "source": "search", "title": "50 greatest US Open moments - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Hubert Green", "passage": "At Southern Hills, in Tulsa Oklahoma, Hubert Green set a new US Open record with seven successive scores of three, from holes 10 to 16, and had a clear lead at the end of the second and third rounds. The final day, though, was overshadowed by news that a death threat had been received against the American. \"I know they're serious,\" said the woman who warned the FBI that three men were after the leader. \"They showed me their guns.\" Green couldn't have been helped much when, at the 15th, a policeman took him to one side and told him the story. He chose to play on, joking that the call probably came from a former girlfriend. He birdied the 16th, and got down in five at the last to beat his compatriot, Lou Graham (who missed an eight-footer at the last), by a stroke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.671868324279785, "source": "search", "title": "50 greatest US Open moments - Telegraph" } ]

[ { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "Brisbane simultaneously bid for 2011 and 2013 World Championships with the primary focus being on the 2011 event. Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre (formally ANZ Stadium) was the proposed venue. The venue previously hosted the 1982 Commonwealth Games and 2001 Goodwill Games. It was also a failed bidder for the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, which was eventually won by Berlin.", "precise_score": 1.208914041519165, "rough_score": 5.154077529907227, "source": "wiki", "title": "2013 World Championships in Athletics" }, { "answer": "Helsinki", "passage": "The World Championships is the jewel in the crown of the IAAF’s global competition programme. It is the third-largest sporting event in the world, involving approximately 2000 athletes from more than 200 nations competing for 47 gold medals. The first World Championships in athletics was held in Helsinki in 1983. Today, the competition is staged biennially, usually in the month August.", "precise_score": 9.024361610412598, "rough_score": 7.730276107788086, "source": "search", "title": "Competitions - iaaf.org" }, { "answer": "Helsinki", "passage": "In 1913, the IAAF decided that the Olympic Games would serve as the World Championships for athletics. In 1976 at the IAAF Council Meeting in Puerto Rico have been desided the organization of World Athletics Championships separately from the Olympic Games and the first world championships in athletics awarded to Helsinki to take place in 1983.", "precise_score": 8.562150955200195, "rough_score": 8.246561050415039, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Helsinki", "passage": "1st IAAF World Athletics Championships - Helsinki 1983", "precise_score": 6.444183349609375, "rough_score": 6.239766597747803, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 10th championship held at the Olympic Stadium between August 6th and August 14th, the place of the first IAAF World Championships in 1983. The participating nations were 196. 40 countries shared the medals of the event. USA were the most successful with 14 gold and 25 overall medals, followed by the Russians with 7 gold and 20 overall medals and the Ethiopians with 3 gold and 9 overall medals.", "precise_score": 6.233376502990723, "rough_score": 6.617464065551758, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Helsinki", "passage": "Following bids from both Stuttgart, West Germany and Helsinki, Finland, the IAAF Council awarded the inaugural competition to Helsinki, to take place in 1983 and be held in the Helsinki Olympic Stadium (where the 1952 Summer Olympics had been held).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2529475688934326, "source": "wiki", "title": "IAAF World Championships in Athletics" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "In the case of Moscow, Deputy Mayor Valery Vinogradov announced on 13 March 2006 that the city would bid for the 2011 Championships and suggested Luzhniki Stadium as venue. When the IAAF elected to decide the 2011 and 2013 events at the same meeting, Moscow added its name to the 2013 list. The city previously hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics (also at the Luzhniki Stadium) and the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.260041236877441, "source": "wiki", "title": "2013 World Championships in Athletics" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "Main venue was Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow with a capacity of 78,360 spectators.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.364452362060547, "source": "wiki", "title": "2013 World Championships in Athletics" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 1st championship held at the Olympic Stadium between August 7th and August 14th. East Germany took the most gold medals, 10, having 22 medals in total. The United States was second in gold medals with 8, and 24 medals in total, which was the greatest overall medals. The Soviet Union won 6 gold medals and 23 medals in total. Finally 25 nations took a medal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7567780017852783, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 2nd championship held at the Stadio Olimpico between August 28 and September 6, 1987. Once again the East Germany and the United States took the most gold medals, taking from 10 medals each, but in the overall medals the East Germans won 31 while the Americans 20. Third in gold medals was the Soviet Union who won 7, but in overall medals the won 25. Finally 27 nations have been recorded in the medals table.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.251598834991455, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 3rd championship held at the Olympic Stadium between August 23rd and September 1st and athletes from 167 countries participated in the event. It was the first time that Germany participated as one nation. United States won the most gold medals, 10, having 26 overall medals. Soviet Union won the most overall medals, 29, having 9 gold medals and Germany won 17 medals, from which 5 were gold medals. In the medals table 29 countries shared the medals of the event.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7322828769683838, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 4th championship held at Gottlieb Daimler Stadium between August 13th and August 22nd with the participation of 187 nations. This was the first that the nations of former Soviet Union where participating seperately. It was the final time the women's 3000 m would be contested. At subsequent Championships the race was replaced by the 5000 m. Also women's Triple Jump was introduced for the first time to the games. USA with 13 golds and 25 medals in total dominated the games with China taking the second place in gold medals having 4 and 8 overall medals while Russia was second in overall medals winning 16 from which 3 were gold. In total 36 countries shared the medals of the event.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1405556201934814, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 5th championship held at the Ullevi Stadiumbetween August 5th and August 13th with the participation of 191 nations. The women's 5000 meters were first introduced. Once again USA dominated the medals table winning 19 overall medals, from which 12 were gold medals. 9 countries won 2 gold medals each and 14 won from 1 medal.In overall medals Belarus with 7, Germany and Italy with 6 were the next most successful countries. In total 43 countries shared the medals of the games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7382861375808716, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 6th championship held at the Olympic Stadium between August 1st and August 10th with the participation of 198 nations. The USA with 6 golds and 17 overall medals was the most successful nation in the competition, Germany with 5 golds and 10 overall medals was next and Cuba with 4 gold medals and 6 overall medals and Kenya and Ukraine with 7 overall medals followed. In total 40 countries shared the medals of the games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6231038570404053, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 7th championship held at at the Estadio Olimpico between the August 20th and August 29th with the participation of 201 nations. Women's Pole Vault was introduced in these games for the first time. 42 countries shared the medals of the games, with USA having 10 gold medals and 17 overall medals, Russia with 5 gold and 12 overall medals and Germany with 4 gold and 12 overall medals were next.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9083921909332275, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 8th championship held at were held at the Commonwealth Stadium between August 3rd and August 12th with the participation of 198 nations and was the first time the event had visited North America. For the first time after 1987, USA didn't win the competition since Russia won 18 overall medals 5 of them gold while USA also won 5 gold medals but their overall medals were 13. Next was Kenya winning 8 overall medals, 3 of them gold. In total 42 countries shared the medals of the games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1314172744750977, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Helsinki", "passage": "10th IAAF World Athletics Championships - Helsinki 2005", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1120200157165527, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 11th championship held at Nagai Stadium from August 24th to September 2nd with 200 participating nations. 48 countries shared the medals of the event. USA with 14 gold and 26 overall medals won the medals competition, Kenya was second in gold medals having 5 while Russia came second in overall medals having 14.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.699172496795654, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 12th championship held from August 15th to August 23rd. The majority of events took place in the Olympiastadion, while the marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate. 202 nations participated and 37 of them shared the medals of the event. USA with 10 gold and 22 overall medals were the most successful nation followed by the Jamaica with 7 gold and 13 overall medals and Russia with 4 gold and 13 overall medals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.67478084564209, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 13th championship held at Daegu Stadium from August 27th to September 4th. 204 nations participated and 41 of them shared the medals of the event. USA with 12 gold and 25 overall medals topped the medal standings in the competition followed by Russia with 9 gold and 19 overall medals and Kenya with 7 gold and 17 overall medals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.319234848022461, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The 15th championship held at the National Stadium (Bird's Nest) - same place where the Olympic Games of 2008 took place - from August 22nd to August 30th. 207 nations participated and 43 of them shared the medals of the event. Kenya with 7 gold medals and 16 overall medals topped the medal standings in the competition followed by Jamaica with 7 gold and 12 overall medals and USA with 6 gold and 18 overall medals. This is the first time Kenya wins the medal standing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0280717611312866, "source": "search", "title": "World Athletics Championships Results" }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "The international sporting event was held at Luzhniki Stadium from August 10-18. Nearly 2,000 track and field athletes from 206 countries gathered for the competition. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.53602933883667, "source": "search", "title": "Russia tops medal table at World Athletics Championships ..." }, { "answer": "Stadi", "passage": "Two-time Olympic champion Elena Isinbaeva, who holds 28 records for women’s pole vaulting, capped her glittering career with success on Tuesday. She accepted the gold medal as cries of \"Elena! Elena!” echoed around the stadium. This may be the Russian's last major championship final, as the 31-year-old athlete has said she wants to take a break to start a family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.961434364318848, "source": "search", "title": "Russia tops medal table at World Athletics Championships ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "The Pittsburgh Steelers (6–2) have won the most Super Bowls with six championships, while both the Dallas Cowboys (5–3) and the San Francisco 49ers (5–1) have five wins. Dallas, Pittsburgh, New England and Denver have the most Super Bowl appearances with eight, while the Buffalo Bills (0–4) have the most consecutive appearances with four losses in a row from 1990 to 1993. The Miami Dolphins are the only other team to have at least three consecutive appearances: 1972–74. The Denver Broncos (3–5) have lost a record five Super Bowls. The New England Patriots (4–4), the Minnesota Vikings (0–4) and the Bills have lost four. The record for consecutive wins is two and is shared by seven franchises: the 1966–67 Green Bay Packers, the 1972–73 Miami Dolphins, the 1974–75 and 1978–79 Pittsburgh Steelers (the only team to accomplish this feat twice), the 1988–89 San Francisco 49ers, the 1992–93 Dallas Cowboys, the 1997–98 Denver Broncos, and the 2003–04 New England Patriots. Among those, Dallas (1992–93; 1995) and New England (2001; 2003–04) are the only teams to win three out of four consecutive Super Bowls. The 1972 Dolphins' win is the only perfect season in NFL history. The only team with multiple Super Bowl appearances and no losses is the Baltimore Ravens, who in winning Super Bowl XLVII defeated and replaced the 49ers in that position. Four current NFL teams have never appeared in a Super Bowl, including franchise relocations and renaming: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Houston Texans, though both the Browns (1964) and Lions (1957) had won NFL championship games prior to the creation of the Super Bowl.", "precise_score": 4.268443584442139, "rough_score": 2.422952890396118, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of Super Bowl champions" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "* The Pittsburgh Steelers won two consecutive Super Bowls (IX and X); the following season they were eliminated in the AFC championship game by the eventual Super Bowl champion Oakland Raiders.", "precise_score": 3.392986536026001, "rough_score": 1.468428134918213, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of Super Bowl champions" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "* Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers (3) – Super Bowls X and XIII were won by Pittsburgh, and Super Bowl XXX was won by Dallas. See also Cowboys–Steelers rivalry.", "precise_score": 4.032586574554443, "rough_score": 4.339211463928223, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of Super Bowl champions" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "The second half of the decade was dominated by the Pittsburgh Steelers, who won four times in six seasons: Super Bowls IX, X, XII and XIV. Led by the \"Steel Curtain\" defense and quarterback Terry Bradshaw, the Steelers appeared in six AFC championship games during the 1970s, making the playoffs in eight consecutive years. The squad became the first (and only) team to win back-to-back Super Bowls on two different occasions.", "precise_score": 4.335655212402344, "rough_score": 7.0085296630859375, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl - NFL Topics - ESPN" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "The second half of the 2000s saw more parity return to the conference matchups: The AFC and NFC each won three titles through 2011. The Pittsburgh Steelers earned two of those three for the AFC -- in Super Bowls XL and XLIII -- meaning a record six championships for Pittsburgh. The Indianapolis Colts won the other title for the AFC in Super Bowl XLI, joining the Raiders as the only franchises to win titles in two different home cities. The New York Giants and the New Orleans Saints earned the NFC's titles in Super Bowls XLII and XLIV, respectively. The Green Bay Packers won the 2011 title, beating the Steelers in Super Bowl XLV.", "precise_score": 3.36618971824646, "rough_score": 4.788950443267822, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl - NFL Topics - ESPN" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers have played in eight Super Bowls, winning six of them, including four in six years. Below is a recap of the six wins.", "precise_score": -0.6410861611366272, "rough_score": -0.32201164960861206, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Super Bowl History" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers won their first of six consecutive AFC Central titles in 1974 and marched past Buffalo (32-14) and Oakland (24-13) en route to their first Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl IX. The fierce Pittsburgh defense led the way to a 16-6 victory vs. the Minnesota Vikings, and Art Rooney was presented the Vince Lombardi Trophy for the first time.", "precise_score": 4.115749359130859, "rough_score": 6.265613555908203, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "In 1975 the Steelers won 11 straight games to finish 12-2 and claim their second consecutive division crown. After defeating Baltimore (28-10) and Oakland (16-10) in the playoffs the Steelers became the third team in NFL history, joining Green Bay and Miami, to win back-to-back Super Bowls with a 21-17 win versus the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl X.", "precise_score": 2.9401192665100098, "rough_score": 4.201947212219238, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "In 1978 the Steelers made history after a league-best 14-2 regular season and playoff wins versus Denver (33-10) and Houston (34-5). Their 35-31 Super Bowl XIII win versus Dallas made the Steelers the first team to win three Super Bowls.", "precise_score": 9.552504539489746, "rough_score": 8.169611930847168, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Yet another standard was set the following year when the 1979 Steelers defeated the Los Angeles Rams, 31-19, in Super Bowl XIV to make them the first team in history to win four Super Bowls and the only team to win back-to-back Super Bowls twice. The Super Bowl victory followed a 12-4 regular season and playoff wins versus Miami (34-14) and Houston (27-13). With six consecutive AFC Central crowns, eight straight years of playoff appearances and four Super Bowl championships, the Steelers were tagged the \"Team of the Decade\" for the 1970s.", "precise_score": 7.1802825927734375, "rough_score": 7.930934429168701, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "On December 26, 1991 Noll announced his retirement from football after 39 consecutive seasons, the last 23 as the Steelers' head coach which made him one of only four men to coach the same team for 23 consecutive years. He left as the fifth-winningest coach in NFL history with an overall record of 209-156-1, and as the only coach to win four Super Bowls. Noll was rewarded in 1993 with his election to the Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility.", "precise_score": -3.041167736053467, "rough_score": 3.35837721824646, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "At 38, Bill Cowher became the youngest head coach to lead his team to a Super Bowl. Along the way, Cowher's team captured their third AFC Central division title in four years, made their fourth straight playoff appearance, and won the Steelers' first AFC title since 1979. After a first-round bye, they defeated the Buffalo Bills (40-21) and the Indianapolis Colts (20-16), before losing to the Dallas Cowboys, 27-17, in Super Bowl XXX in Tempe, Arizona.", "precise_score": 2.142976999282837, "rough_score": 6.3257269859313965, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers defeated the defending Super Bowl Champion Baltimore Ravens, 27-10, in the AFC Divisional Playoffs, in the first-ever postseason game played at Heinz Field. However, they suffered a disappointing, 24-17, loss at home in the AFC Championship game to the eventual Super Bowl-champion New England Patriots.", "precise_score": 0.6112642288208008, "rough_score": 1.992888331413269, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers set a team record in 2004 by becoming the first AFC team to win 15 games (15-1) in the regular season. They ultimately advanced to the AFC Championship Game where they lost to the New England Patriots, 41-27. Nine Steelers were selected to play in the AFC-NFC Pro Bowl, the teams most since the 1979 season.", "precise_score": 0.5450942516326904, "rough_score": 1.3532158136367798, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Pittsburgh found itself sitting at 7-5 after 12 games in 2005, but it rallied to win its final four regular season games to earn the AFC's sixth seed in the playoffs. The Steelers then won an unprecedented three straight road playoff games to gain a berth in Super Bowl XL in Detroit versus the Seattle Seahawks.", "precise_score": -0.9237143397331238, "rough_score": -1.940744161605835, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Mike Tomlin became the first coach in franchise history to win a division title in each of his first two seasons when the Steelers captured their second consecutive AFC North division title with a 12-4 record. They went on to defeat the San Diego Chargers and Baltimore Ravens to gain a berth in Super Bowl XLIII in Tampa, Florida versus the Arizona Cardinals.", "precise_score": 0.7930004596710205, "rough_score": 4.868119716644287, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers became the first NFL franchise to capture six Super Bowl titles when they defeated the Cardinals, 27-23. With the victory, Head Coach Mike Tomlin became the youngest coach to win a Super Bowl in NFL history. Wide receiver Santonio Holmes was named MVP after hauling in the game-winning six-yard touchdown pass from Ben Roethlisberger with 35 seconds remaining in regulation.", "precise_score": 5.878641128540039, "rough_score": 1.3511592149734497, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "* Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: IX and X as well as XIII and XIV)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.013158798217773, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of Super Bowl champions" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Pittsburgh Steelers 27, Arizona Cardinals 23", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.486848831176758, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History ..." }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Green Bay Packers 31, Pittsburgh Steelers 25", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484894752502441, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History ..." }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Super Bowl IX, 1975; Super Bowl X, 1976: Pittsburgh Steelers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.037677764892578, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Super Bowl XIII, 1979; Super Bowl XIV, 1980: Pittsburgh Steelers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.173230171203613, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "No. 2: The 1974, 1975, 1978, and 1979 Pittsburgh Steelers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.521953582763672, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Super Bowl IX: Pittsburgh Steelers 16, Minnesota Vikings 6", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.55592155456543, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The score became 9-6 when the Vikings blocked a punt and returned it for a touchdown. However, the Steelers responded with a Terry Bradshaw touchdown pass.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.281744003295898, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Super Bowl X: Pittsburgh Steelers 21, Dallas Cowboys 17", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.452588081359863, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "At the end of the first half, Pittsburgh was losing 10-7. However, with two field goals by Roy Gerela and a safety by Reggie Harrison in the fourth quarter, the Steelers were winning 15-10.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1597676277160645, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers missed the Super Bowl the next two years; however, they were back in Super XIII.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.692355155944824, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Super XIII: Pittsburgh Steelers 35, Dallas Cowboys 31", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.789751052856445, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Super Bowl XIV: Pittsburgh Steelers 31, Los Angeles Rams 19", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.776065826416016, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Then the fourth quarter came along, and the Steelers ran away with it by scoring two touchdowns and shutting out the Rams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.045120239257812, "source": "search", "title": "The Top Five Repeat Super Bowl Teams | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Super Bowl History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.510623931884766, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Super Bowl History" }, { "answer": "Steelers", "passage": "Steelers Super Bowl Appearances", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.807840347290039, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Super Bowl History" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "6. Pittsburgh Steelers - Super Bowls XIII and XIV", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.722297668457031, "source": "search", "title": "I'll Have Another: Back-to-back Super Bowl wins | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers played a dandy in a win over the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl XIII. Few remember the Steelers trailed the Rams 19-17 headed into the fourth quarter the next year, but rallied for the win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.763627529144287, "source": "search", "title": "I'll Have Another: Back-to-back Super Bowl wins | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "4. Pittsburgh Steelers - Super Bowls IX and X", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.3718485832214355, "source": "search", "title": "I'll Have Another: Back-to-back Super Bowl wins | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Many give the Minnesota Vikings of the 1970s much credit, but the Steelers handled a solid bunch in Super Bowl IX. And the Steelers beat the Cowboys for the first time in Super Bowl X. The opponents here were much stronger than the opponents in their other back-to-back run.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7750794887542725, "source": "search", "title": "I'll Have Another: Back-to-back Super Bowl wins | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51272201538086, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The fifth-oldest franchise in the NFL, the Steelers were founded on July 8, 1933 by Arthur Joseph Rooney. Originally named the Pittsburgh Pirates, they were a member of the Eastern Division of the 10-team NFL. The other four current NFL teams in existence at that time were the Chicago (Arizona) Cardinals, Green Bay Packers, Chicago Bears and New York Giants.11/30/2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.456548690795898, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "An exceptional all-around athlete, Rooney held middleweight and welterweight titles from the AAU Boxing Championships and was named to the U.S. Olympic Boxing Team in 1920, although he did not participate in the Olympic Games. He played minor league baseball from 1920-25 before a promising career was cut short by an arm injury. Rooney continued playing football for several semi-pro teams in the Pittsburgh area. He was married on June 11, 1931 to Kathleen McNulty, and the couple had five sons - Daniel, Art Jr., Tim, John and Pat. In 1964, Rooney was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame for his contributions to the growth of the NFL and the Pittsburgh Steelers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.096902847290039, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "By the mid-1960s, Steelers founder Art Rooney had begun to turn over much of the operation of the Steelers to his oldest son, Dan. After having worked in every area of the organization since 1955, Daniel M. Rooney was named president of the Steelers in 1975. In 2000, Dan Rooney was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He joined his his father Art to form only the second father-son tandem to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. New York Giants owner Wellington Mara and his father Tim were the first.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.817581176757812, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "Steelers", "passage": "In 2002, Dan Rooney officially turned over the title of Steelers' team president to his oldest son, Art Rooney II, who had previously served as the team's vice presdent and general counsel. Art II also previously served as Chairman of the Board of Klett Rooney Lieber & Schorling, Attorneys at Law. A 1978 graduate of the University of Pittsburgh where he majored in political science, Art II received his law degree from Duquesne University School of Law in 1982. He and his wife Greta have four children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.765685081481934, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "passage": "In 1940 Rooney changed the team name to the Pittsburgh Steelers, representing the heritage of Pittsburgh. The first winning record in the organization's history came in 1942 when head coach Walt Kiesling led the Steelers to a 7-4 finish with the league-leading rushing of rookie Bill Dudley. But the next year Dudley joined the Armed Forces along with many other NFL players as the nation went to war. With rosters depleted, Rooney merged the Steelers with the Philadelphia Eagles in 1943 (Phil-Pitt \"Steagles\") and with the Chicago Cardinals (Card-Pitt) in 1944.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.189303874969482, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "Steelers", "passage": "Sutherland led the 1947 Steelers to an 8-4 record and a share of the Eastern division title, but they lost their first-ever postseason game, 21-0, to Philadelphia. Sutherland died suddenly the following spring while on a scouting trip.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.00686502456665, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Succeeding Sutherland, John Michelosen was head coach for the 1948-51 seasons, compiling a 20-26-2 record. In 1952 Joe Bach returned for his second stint with the Steelers, having coached the team previously in 1935-36. The Steelers became the last team to abandon the single wing for the T-formation in 1952.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.363958358764648, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Bach resigned for health reasons following the 1954 season and was replaced by assistant coach Walt Kiesling, who had been the Steelers' head coach twice previously. Kiesling's three stints covered the 1939-40, 1941-44, and 1954-56 campaigns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89330768585205, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Buddy Parker was named head coach in 1957 and over the next eight years he led the Steelers to five non-losing seasons. Hall of Fame quarterback Bobby Layne quarterbacked the team through three of those campaigns, leading the Steelers to a 9-5 mark and a playoff game vs. Detroit in 1962, which the Steelers lost 17-10. Parker completed his tenure with a 51-48-6 record and ranks third among all-time Steelers coaches for career wins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.108686447143555, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "On October 25, 1964, the Steelers made team history when they retired jersey No. 70 in honor of former defensive tackle Ernie Stautner. Stautner, who was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969, became the first Steelers player to have his jersey retired.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.518280029296875, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Brief head coaching stints by Mike Nixon in 1965 and Bill Austin from 1966-68 preceded the hiring of the 37-year-old Chuck Noll on January 27, 1969. Noll began to rebuild the Steelers through the draft, starting with the defense when he selected defensive tackle Joe Greene with his first choice in 1969. Today Greene is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.301719665527344, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "A 1-13 record in 1969 gave the Steelers the first overall choice in the 1970 draft, with which Noll addressed the offense by selecting quarterback Terry Bradshaw, another Hall of Famer, after the Steelers won the first selection by winning a coin toss with the Chicago Bears. Cornerback Mel Blount was added in the third round that year, followed by linebacker Jack Ham in 1971 and running back Franco Harris in 1972. In all, Noll drafted nine players who are now enshrined in the Hall of Fame including three in his first 20 picks and four of his first 38.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8014028072357178, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Two significant changes took place in 1970. The Steelers moved from the NFL Century Division to the AFC Central with the merger of the American Football League and the NFL. The Steelers also moved into a new home as Three Rivers Stadium opened. Previously, the Steelers had played home games at Forbes Field from 1933-57 and at both Forbes Field and Pitt Stadium from 1958-63. From 1964-69 the Steelers played at Pitt Stadium until Three Rivers opened in 1970.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.870182037353516, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Gradual improvement in the early 1970s resulted in the team's first division title in 1972 with an 11-3 record. In the first playoff game at Three Rivers the Steelers defeated the Oakland Raiders 13-7 with Franco Harris' \"Immaculate Reception\" in the final minute. Despite a 21-17 loss the following week to the undefeated Miami Dolphins, the Steelers had reached a new plateau.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3668696880340576, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "It took 40 years for the Steelers to finally win their first division title, but over the next decade they achieved a level of success unprecedented in professional football.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.752676010131836, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "In 1973 the Steelers won a wild card playoff berth with a 10-4 record. Oakland avenged their loss from the previous year, however, with a 33-14 defeat of the Steelers in the playoffs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.437302589416504, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The 1976 Steelers struggled to a 1-4 start before reeling off nine straight victories including five shutouts to win the division with a 10-4 mark. They defeated Baltimore 40-14 in the playoffs, but lost to Oakland, 24-7, after both starting running backs, Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier, were injured. The following year the Steelers dropped a 34-21 decision to Denver in the first round of the playoffs after posting a 9-5 regular-season record.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.047836303710938, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "As the 1980s opened the Steelers stumbled, failing to make the playoffs in 1980 and 1981 with records of 9-7 and 8-8.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.113563537597656, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "In 1982 the Steelers celebrated the team's 50th anniversary by qualifying for the playoffs with a 6-3 finish in a strike-interrupted season. During the season an anniversary banquet was held to commemorate the team's first 50 seasons and to honor the Steelers' all-time team as selected by fan voting. Thousands of fans were attracted to Pittsburgh for a week of activities and exhibits before the anniversary season was ended by San Diego's 31-28 win in the playoffs. This would be the last playoff game at Three Rivers until the 1992 season, a span of 10 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.566920757293701, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The 1983 Steelers won their eighth division title with a 10-6 record, but fell in the postseason, 38-10, to the Los Angeles Raiders. The following year the Steelers won their ninth division crown and the team advanced to the AFC Championship game with a 24-17 playoff win at Denver. A 45-28 loss to Miami in the AFC Championship game prevented the Steelers from a fifth Super Bowl appearance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.976153612136841, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers' streak of 13 consecutive non-losing seasons came to an end in 1985 with a 7-9 finish, followed by 6-10 in 1986. Playoff hopes remained alive in 1987 until the Steelers lost their last two games to finish 8-7 during the strike-shortened season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.791706085205078, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "In 1988 the team suffered through its worst campaign in 19 years with a 5-11 record. The next season got off to a similar start with losses of 51-0 and 41-10 in the first two games as the offense failed to score in the first month of the season. But the young team fought back to finish 9-7 and earn a wild card playoff berth on the season's final weekend. An exciting 26-23 overtime playoff win in Houston was followed by a heartbreaking 24-23 divisional playoff loss at Denver in which the Steelers led until the final minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5282745361328125, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "A 9-7 finish in 1990 left the Steelers in a three-way tie for the AFC Central lead, but they were eliminated from playoff contention by a 2-4 division record. The 1991 team finished second in the division despite a 7-9 record, winning the last two games under Noll at home against the Cincinnati Bengals and Cleveland Browns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.25011682510376, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "A new era began in 1992 with the retirement of Noll and the arrival of 34-year-old Bill Cowher, the National Football League's youngest head coach at the time he assumed control. In the first season of the new era, the Steelers won the AFC Central division crown for the first time since 1984 with an 11-5 record. While the team enjoyed new-found success, Cowher was recognized by the Associated Press as the NFL's Coach of the Year and six Steelers played in the Pro Bowl, the most in more than a decade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.8617167472839355, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Under Cowher the Steelers became the first AFC team since the 1970 merger to claim its 10th division title. Their 11-5 record equaled the best in the conference and gave the Steelers home field advantage throughout the playoffs. However, in the first postseason game at Three Rivers in exactly 10 years the Steelers were defeated by eventual AFC champion Buffalo, 24-3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9516360759735107, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "In 1993, the Steelers earned a wild card playoff berth, marking their first consecutive playoff appearances since the 1983-84 seasons. A 9-7 record was good for second place in the division, but the season ended in a 27-24 overtime loss at Kansas City in the AFC Wild Card game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.41457748413086, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The 1994 Steelers won seven of their final eight regular-season games for their strongest finish since 1978. They captured their second division title in three years with the AFC's best record of 12-4. After a 29-9 victory over the Cleveland Browns in the first round of the playoffs, Pittsburgh hosted their first AFC Championship game since 1979. The game went down to the wire and the Steelers lost to the San Diego Chargers, 17-13.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2432920932769775, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "In 1996, injuries forced Cowher to use 40 different starters during the course of the season. But the Steelers' \"never-say-die\" attitude led to a 10-6 finish and their fifth consecutive trip to the playoffs. Cowher earned his 50th regular-season win Nov. 3, 1996 in his 73rd game to become the eighth fastest to reach 50 wins. He ended the season with 57 career victories ranking him as the second winningest coach in team history, behind his predecessor Noll.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.238565444946289, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers captured their fourth consecutive AFC Central title in 1997, while posting an 11-5 record. They were one play away from earning their sixth Super Bowl appearance and lost to Denver, 24-21, in the AFC Championship game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.273077011108398, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "In 1998, the Steelers finished a disappointing 7-9, losing their last five regular-season games and missing the playoffs for the first time under Bill Cowher. It marked the first time that Cowher had been associated with a team with a losing record during his 14-year coaching career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.46422004699707, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers suffered their second consecutive losing season under Cowher in 1999, when their record fell to 6-10, including a six-game losing streak. The Steelers fourth-place finish in the AFC Central was the team's worst finish under Bill Cowher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.260332107543945, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers began a new century with a renewed commitment. After starting the 2000 season with a 0-3 record, the Steelers rebounded to finish the year at 9-7, and barely missed their seventh postseason appearance under Cowher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.6910982131958, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "However, 2000 may be remembered most for being the final season for the Steelers at Three Rivers Stadium. The Steelers were 4-4 during their final season at Three Rivers Stadium, including victories in four of their final six home games. The Steelers won their final game at Three Rivers, 24-3, against the Washington Redskins on Dec. 16.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.418881893157959, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers finished 31 seasons at Three Rivers Stadium (1970-2000) with a 182-73 home record, including the postseason. The Steelers recorded their largest regular-season home attendance figures (440,428) since 1998 in the final season, including a season-high 58,183 fans during the final game in stadium history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.441925048828125, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers began a new era in team history in 2001 with the opening of their new stadium, Heinz Field. The Steelers posted an AFC-best 13-3 regular-season record, including a 7-1 mark at home, and advanced to the AFC Championship Game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.628525733947754, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The inaugural game at Heinz Field was originally scheduled to be a nationally televised Sunday Night game on Sept. 16. However, the September 11 terrorist attacks on America forced the NFL to postpone all games that weekend - which were eventually rescheduled for the end of the season. As a result, the Steelers opened Heinz Field on Sunday, Oct. 7 with a 16-7 win against the Cincinnati Bengals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.469185829162598, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers entered the 2002 season with high hopes and Super Bowl aspirations. After a 0-2 start, the Steelers rallied to make the playoffs for the second consecutive season and the eighth time under Cowher. However, the team's Super Bowl hopes ended when they lost, 34-31, in overtime to the Tennessee Titans on the road.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.872051239013672, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers began the 2003 season with a 34-15 victory against AFC North rival Baltimore Ravens. However, the team never regained that magic and finished the season with a 6-10 record and out of the playoffs for the first time in three years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.728271961212158, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers captured their fifth Super Bowl title with a 21-10 victory over the Seahawks as wide receiver Hines Ward was named MVP, finishing with five receptions for 123 yards. Ward also hauled in a game-clinching 43-yard pass from Antwaan Randle El on a gadget play midway through the fourth quarter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.086916923522949, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The 2006 season saw the Bill Cowher era come to an end with the Steelers finishing the season winning six of their final eight games to post an 8-8 record on the year. On January 5, 2006, Bill Cowher resigned as Steelers head coach with a 161-99-1 overall record, second best in team history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40746021270752, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers hired 34-year old Mike Tomlin as the team’s coach. Tomlin was the NFL’s youngest head coach at the time he was hired on Jan. 22, 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.221985816955566, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "Tomlin became the second first-year coach in team history to make the playoffs. The Steelers finished with a 10-6 overall record and won the AFC North division title.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.092137336730957, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" }, { "answer": "The Steelers", "passage": "The Steelers added to their legacy, making it all the way to Super Bowl XLV after a 12-4 record during the 2010 season. The Steelers though could not overcome an early 18-point deficit and fell to the Green Bay Packers 31-25. Despite the loss, the Steelers still hold the NFL record for most Super Bowl victories with six.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.477200984954834, "source": "search", "title": "Pittsburgh Steelers | Tradition of Excellence" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chuck Howley", "passage": "Dallas linebacker Chuck Howley became the first defensive player to be named Most Valuable Player in a Super Bowl. But the honor had a hollow ring for Howley, who also became the first player from a losing team to be named MVP.", "precise_score": 8.476153373718262, "rough_score": 7.438630104064941, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl V MVP: Chuck Howley - NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Chuck Howley", "passage": "Super Bowl V (1971) – Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley, right, holds onto one of his two interceptions against the Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl V. Howley was named the game's MVP, but the Colts won the notoriously sloppy game with a Jim O'Brien field goal as time expired. To date, Howley remains the only player from a losing team to be named Super Bowl MVP.", "precise_score": 6.604255199432373, "rough_score": 5.447056770324707, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl MVPs - CNN" }, { "answer": "Chuck Howley", "passage": "Joe Montana and Tom Brady are the only players to have won three Super Bowl MVP awards; three others—Starr, Terry Bradshaw, and Eli Manning—have won the award twice. Starr and Bradshaw are the only ones to have won it in back-to-back years. The MVP has come from the winning team every year except 1971, when Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley won the award despite the Cowboys' loss in Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts. Harvey Martin and Randy White were named co-MVPs of Super Bowl XII, the only time co-MVPs have been chosen. Including the Super Bowl XII co-MVPs, seven Cowboys players have won Super Bowl MVP awards, the most of any NFL team. Quarterbacks have earned the honor 27 times in 50 games. The youngest player to win the award was Marcus Allen, who was 23 when he was named the MVP of Super Bowl XVIII; the oldest winner was Super Bowl XXXIII MVP John Elway, who was 38 at the time. Mark Rypien and Hines Ward are the only players born outside the United States to earn the Super Bowl MVP, having been born in Canada and South Korea, respectively. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.380260944366455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "answer": "Chuck Howley", "passage": "Super Bowl V MVP: Chuck Howley", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6493418216705322, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl V MVP: Chuck Howley - NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Chuck Howley", "passage": "9 Chuck Howley, Super Bowl V", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.580957412719727, "source": "search", "title": "10 worst Super Bowl MVP whiffs | Sporting News" }, { "answer": "Chuck Howley", "passage": "In 1971 the Dallas Cowboys and the Baltimore Colts played one of the most exciting Super Bowls ever.  The game came down to the final play of the game, a field goal attempt, and the Baltimore Colts won 16-13.  It’s the only time the Super Bowl M.V.P. has come from then losing team.  Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley intercepted 2 passes and recovered a fumble to earn the honor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.59663724899292, "source": "search", "title": "Only Super Bowl M.V.P. To Be On The Losing Team | Foxy 107 ..." }, { "answer": "Chuck Howley", "passage": "ACTUAL: Chuck Howley, Cowboys", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494929313659668, "source": "search", "title": "The Super Bowl MVP Goes To...Who?! - espn.go.com" }, { "answer": "Chuck Howley", "passage": "He became the 10th defensive player and fourth linebacker ever to be chosen Super Bowl MVP following Chuck Howley of the Cowboys (Super Bowl 5), Ray Lewis of the Ravens (Super Bowl 35) and Malcolm Smith of the Seahawks (Super Bowl 48).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6621323823928833, "source": "search", "title": "NFL-Broncos' Von Miller named MVP of Super Bowl 50" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kournikova", "passage": "She went on to win the Canadian Open (for the 4th time in a row) defeating world No.1 Martina Hingis in the semifinal 4-6, 6-3, 6-2, and then world No.4 Arantxa Sanchez-Vicario in the Final 6-3, 6-2. And also won both the Singles & Doubles at the Tokyo Princess Cup. The end of 1998 brought Monica to the Year End Championships, where Monica faced Steffi Graf for the 1st time since the 1996 U.S. Open Final. They played each other in the 2nd round after Monica defeated Kournikova in the 1st round 6-4, 6-3. Monica came out blasting the ball all over the place and took the 1st set 6-1. Graf came back to win the 2nd set with a tough 6-4. Both players were hitting winners and playing great tennis through out the whole match, with Graf prevailing 6-4 in the 3rd (for a 1-6, 6-4, 6-4 win for Graf); Ending the season with a 46-13 win/loss record and ranked #6 in the world. In career earnings, she passed the $10 Million mark (only the 4th to do so).", "precise_score": 6.203712463378906, "rough_score": 5.6658935546875, "source": "search", "title": "Monica Seles' Biography by James :: www.monicaselessite.com" }, { "answer": "Kournikova", "passage": "Winner (6): 1998 - Tokyo [Princess Cup] (w/Kournikova); 1997 - Tokyo [Princess Cup] (w/Sugiyama); 1992 - Rome (w/Sukova); 1991 - US Hardcourts (w/Fendick), Rome (w/Capriati); 1990 - Rome (w/Kelesi).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.3082966804504395, "source": "search", "title": "Monica Seles - Players | WTA Tennis English" }, { "answer": "Kournikova", "passage": "reached final at Tokyo [Pan Pacific], defeating Stevenson 7-6(9), 7-6(9) in the QF (saving three set points in first set and eight in second), and defeating Kournikova in the SF. Lost to top seed Hingis in the final 7-6(6), 4-6, 6-3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.224695205688477, "source": "search", "title": "Monica Seles' Career Highlights :: www.monicaselessite.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "The New York Yankees purchased Babe Ruth from the Boston Red Sox after the 1919 season, appeared in their first World Series two years later in 1921, and became frequent participants thereafter. Over a period of 45 years from 1920 to 1964, the Yankees played in 29 World Series championships, winning 20. The team's dynasty reached its apex between 1947 and 1964, when the Yankees reached the World Series 15 times in eighteen years, helped by an agreement with the Kansas City Athletics (after that team moved from Philadelphia during 1954–1955 offseason) whereby the teams made several deals advantageous to the Yankees (until ended by new Athletics' owner Charles O. Finley). During that span, the Yankees played in all World Series except 1948, 1954, and 1959, winning ten. From 1949 to 1953, the Yankees won the World Series five years in a row; from 1936–1939 the Yankees won four World Series Championships in a row. There are only two other occasions when a team has won at least three consecutive World Series: 1972 to 1974 by the Oakland Athletics, and 1998 to 2000 by the New York Yankees.", "precise_score": 3.42952299118042, "rough_score": 6.744926452636719, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Red sox", "passage": "After that season, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee controversially sold Ruth to the Yankees, an act that, coupled with Boston's subsequent championship drought, popularized the \"Curse of the Bambino\" superstition. In his 15 years with New York, Ruth helped the Yankees win seven American League (AL) championships and four World Series championships. His big swing led to escalating home run totals that not only drew fans to the ballpark and boosted the sport's popularity but also helped usher in the live-ball era of baseball, in which it evolved from a low-scoring game of strategy to a sport where the home run was a major factor. As part of the Yankees' vaunted \"Murderer's Row\" lineup of 1927, Ruth hit 60 home runs, extending his MLB single-season record. He retired in 1935 after a short stint with the Boston Braves. During his career, Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times.", "precise_score": 0.5487537384033203, "rough_score": 4.940194129943848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Carrigan was sufficiently impressed by Ruth's pitching to give him a spot in the starting rotation. Ruth finished the 1915 season 18–8 as a pitcher; as a hitter, he batted .315 and had four home runs. The Red Sox won the AL pennant, but with the pitching staff healthy, Ruth was not called upon to pitch in the 1915 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies. Boston won in five games; Ruth was used as a pinch hitter in Game Five, but grounded out against Phillies ace Grover Cleveland Alexander. Despite his success as a pitcher, Ruth was acquiring a reputation for long home runs; at Sportsman's Park against the St. Louis Browns, a Ruth hit soared over Grand Avenue, breaking the window of a Chevrolet dealership. ", "precise_score": 4.173187255859375, "rough_score": 6.657210350036621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "In 1916, there was attention focused on Ruth for his pitching, as he engaged in repeated pitching duels with the ace of the Washington Senators, Walter Johnson. The two met five times during the season, with Ruth winning four and Johnson one (Ruth had a no decision in Johnson's victory). Two of Ruth's victories were by the score of 1–0, one in a 13-inning game. Of the 1–0 shutout decided without extra innings, AL President Ban Johnson stated, \"That was one of the best ball games I have ever seen.\" For the season, Ruth went 23–12, with a 1.75 ERA and nine shutouts, both of which led the league. Ruth's nine shutouts in 1916 set a league record for left-handers that would remain unmatched until Ron Guidry tied it in 1978. The Red Sox won the pennant and World Series again, this time defeating the Brooklyn Superbas (as the Dodgers were then known) in five games. Ruth started and won Game 2, 2–1, in 14 innings. Until another game of that length was played in 2005, this was the longest World Series game, and Ruth's pitching performance is still the longest postseason complete game victory. ", "precise_score": 3.0890603065490723, "rough_score": 6.845637321472168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "The Red Sox won their third pennant in four years, and faced the Chicago Cubs in the 1918 World Series, beginning on September 5, the earliest in history. The season was shortened as the government had ruled that baseball players eligible for the military would have to be inducted or work in critical war industries, such as armaments plants. Ruth pitched Game One for the Red Sox, a 1–0 shutout. Before Game Four, Ruth injured his left hand in a fight; he pitched anyway. He gave up seven hits and six walks, but was helped by outstanding fielding behind him and by his own batting efforts, as a fourth-inning triple by Ruth gave his team a 2–0 lead. The Cubs tied the game in the eighth inning, but the Red Sox scored to take a 3–2 again in the bottom of that inning. After Ruth gave up a hit and a walk to start the ninth inning, he was relieved on the mound by Joe Bush. To keep Ruth and his bat in the game, he was sent to play left field. Bush retired the side to give Ruth his second win of the Series, and the third and last World Series pitching victory of his career, against no defeats, in three pitching appearances. Ruth's effort gave his team a three-games-to-one lead, and two days later the Red Sox won their third Series in four years, four games to two. Before allowing the Cubs to score in Game Four, Ruth pitched consecutive scoreless innings, a record for the World Series that stood for more than 40 years until 1961, broken by Whitey Ford after Ruth's death. Ruth was prouder of that record than he was of any of his batting feats. ", "precise_score": 3.1917340755462646, "rough_score": 5.469943046569824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Two home runs by Ruth on July 5, and one in each of two consecutive games a week later, raised his season total to 11, tying his career best from 1918. The first record to fall was the AL single-season mark of 16, set by Ralph \"Socks\" Seybold in 1902. Ruth matched that on July 29, then pulled ahead toward the major league record of 24, set by Buck Freeman in 1899. Ruth reached this on September 8, by which time, writers had discovered that Ned Williamson of the 1884 Chicago White Stockings had hit 27—though in a ballpark where the distance to right field was only 215 ft. On September 20, \"Babe Ruth Day\" at Fenway Park, Ruth won the game with a home run in the bottom of the ninth inning, tying Williamson. He broke the record four days later against the Yankees at the Polo Grounds, and hit one more against the Senators to finish with 29. The home run at Washington made Ruth the first major league player to hit a home run at all eight ballparks in his league. In spite of Ruth's hitting heroics, the Red Sox finished sixth, games behind the league champion White Sox. ", "precise_score": -1.667939305305481, "rough_score": 5.975257873535156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "According to Marty Appel in his history of the Yankees, the transaction, \"changed the fortunes of two high-profile franchises for decades\". The Red Sox, winners of five of the first sixteen World Series, those played between 1903 and 1919, would not win another pennant until 1946, or another World Series until 2004, a drought attributed in baseball superstition to Frazee's sale of Ruth and sometimes dubbed the \"Curse of the Bambino\". The Yankees, on the other hand, had not won the AL championship prior to their acquisition of Ruth. They won seven AL pennants and four World Series with Ruth, and lead baseball with 40 pennants and 27 World Series titles in their history. ", "precise_score": 5.002636909484863, "rough_score": 5.621493339538574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "During his five full seasons with the Boston Red Sox, Babe Ruth established himself as one of the premier left-handed pitchers in the game, began his historic transformation from moundsman to slugging outfielder, and was part of three World Series championship teams. After he was sold to the New York Yankees in December 1919, his eye-popping batting performances over the next few seasons helped usher in a new era of long-distance hitting and high scoring, effectively bringing down the curtain on the Deadball Era.", "precise_score": 2.5495071411132812, "rough_score": 6.774510383605957, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "Although he was a bumpkin with minimal social skills, at camp in South Carolina Ruth quickly distinguished himself on the diamond. That spring, the Orioles played several major league teams. In two outings against the Phillies, Ruth faced 29 batters and allowed only six hits and two unearned runs. The next week, he threw a complete game victory over the Philadelphia Athletics, winners of three of the last four World Series. Short on cash that summer, Dunn sold Ruth to the Boston Red Sox.", "precise_score": 1.757197380065918, "rough_score": 5.863537311553955, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "To management, however, Ruth was a headache. His continued inability—or outright refusal—to adhere to the team’s curfew earned him several suspensions and his non-stop salary demands infuriated Frazee. The Red Sox owner had spoken publicly about possibly trading Ruth before the 1919 season, when Babe was holding out for double his existing salary and threatening to become a boxer. However, Ruth and Frazee came to terms and the Babe’s hitting made headlines across the country all season long. He played 111 games in left field, belted a record 29 home runs, and led the major leagues in slugging percentage (.657), on-base percentage (.456), runs scored (103), RBIs (114), and total bases (284). He also drove in or scored one-third of Boston’s runs. But while Ruth also won nine games on the mound, the rest of the staff fell victim to injuries and the defending champs finished in the second division with a 66-71 record.", "precise_score": 1.073838472366333, "rough_score": 5.439463138580322, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "It was Ruth’s last trip to the World Series. He played on seven World Series champions: four with the Yankees (1923, 1927-1928, 1932), and three with the Red Sox (1915-1916, 1918). He was also on the losing side of three World Series teams with New York (1921, 1922, 1926).", "precise_score": 4.05025053024292, "rough_score": 5.099879264831543, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "18. In six seasons with Ruth, the Red Sox won three World Series titles. In 107 seasons without him they have won four.", "precise_score": 4.473257541656494, "rough_score": 5.814794540405273, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "\"When Babe Ruth was sold in 1920, the Boston Red Sox had won five World Series titles, more than any other major league team. Up to that point, the Yankees had never won one. However, since Babe Ruth arrived with the Yankees in 1920, this fabled franchise has been to the World Series 37 times and has won a staggering 26 times, including four titles with the Babe. The Red Sox, however, have had a far different outcome.", "precise_score": 6.963360786437988, "rough_score": 8.228867530822754, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs’ Curse of the Billy Goat and other superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "\"After selling Babe Ruth to the Yankees, the Red Sox did not win another Championship for 86 years (until 2004). It was a period full of heartbreaks for everyone affiliated with the Red Sox – from the players to the ever-faithful fans. The causes were many — bad management decisions, unfortunate errors and an almost-ironic amount of incredible bad-luck.\"", "precise_score": 4.78828763961792, "rough_score": 5.780174732208252, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs’ Curse of the Billy Goat and other superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "\"When Babe Ruth was sold in 1920, the Boston Red Sox had won five World Series titles, more than any other major league team. Up to that point, the Yankees had never won one. However, since Babe Ruth arrived with the Yankees in 1920, this fabled franchise has been to the World Series 37 times and has won a staggering 26 times, including four titles with the Babe. The Red Sox, however, have had a far different outcome.", "precise_score": 6.963360786437988, "rough_score": 8.228867530822754, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs' Curse Of The Billy Goat And Other Superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "\"After selling Babe Ruth to the Yankees, the Red Sox did not win another Championship for 86 years (until 2004). It was a period full of heartbreaks for everyone affiliated with the Red Sox — from the players to the ever-faithful fans. The causes were many — bad management decisions, unfortunate errors and an almost-ironic amount of incredible bad-luck.\"", "precise_score": 4.783051013946533, "rough_score": 5.8066864013671875, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs' Curse Of The Billy Goat And Other Superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "From 1914 to 1919, The Babe played for the Boston Red Sox, with whom he appeared on three World's Championship teams. Sold to the New York Yankees by Red Sox owner and theatrical impresario Harry Frazee , he led the-then crownless American League franchise in Gotham to seven A.L. pennants and four World Series titles from 1920-1934. He played out his string with the Boston Braves in 1935; even a washed-up Babe was still able to pole three circuit clouts in one game before calling it quits after 28 games and six dingers in that last season. The following year, he was one of the inaugural inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Yes, the Babe was mighty, and he did prevail (more often than naught) except over one opponent: Father Time.", "precise_score": 3.2317404747009277, "rough_score": 5.207361221313477, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6262279748916626, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Boston Americans", "passage": "After two years of bitter competition and player raiding (in 1902, the AL and NL champions even went so far as to challenge each other to a tournament in football after the end of the baseball season), the National and American Leagues made peace and, as part of the accord, several pairs of teams squared off for interleague exhibition games after the 1903 season. These series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s World's Series matches had been. One of them matched the two pennant winners, Pittsburg Pirates of the NL and Boston Americans (later known as the Red Sox) of the AL; that one is known as the 1903 World Series. It had been arranged well in advance by the two owners, as both teams were league leaders by large margins. Boston upset Pittsburg by five games to three, winning with pitching depth behind Cy Young and Bill Dinneen and with the support of the band of Royal Rooters. The Series brought much civic pride to Boston and proved the new American League could beat the Nationals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1214988231658936, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "The 1904 Series, if it had been held, would have been between the AL's Boston Americans (Boston Red Sox) and the NL's New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants). At that point there was no governing body for the World Series nor any requirement that a Series be played. Thus the Giants' owner, John T. Brush, refused to allow his team to participate in such an event, citing the \"inferiority\" of the upstart American League. John McGraw, the Giants' manager, even went so far as to say that his Giants were already \"world champions\" since they were the champions of the \"only real major league\". At the time of the announcement, their new cross-town rivals, the New York Highlanders (now the New York Yankees), were leading the AL, and the prospect of facing the Highlanders did not please Giants management. Boston won on the last day of the season, and the leagues had previously agreed to hold a World's Championship Series in 1904, but it was not binding, and Brush stuck to his original decision. In addition to political reasons, Brush also factually cited the lack of rules under which money would be split, where games would be played, and how they would be operated and staffed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.600410223007202, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "The events of the 1919 Series, segueing into the \"live ball\" era, marked a point in time of change of the fortunes of several teams. The two most prolific World Series winners to date, the New York Yankees and the St. Louis Cardinals, did not win their first championship until the 1920s; and three of the teams that were highly successful prior to 1920 (the Boston Red Sox, Chicago White Sox and the Chicago Cubs) went the rest of the 20th century without another World Series win. The Red Sox and White Sox finally won again in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The Cubs are still waiting for their next trophy, and have not appeared in the Fall Classic since 1945, the longest drought of any MLB club.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6218546628952026, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "Game 6 of the 1975 World Series is widely regarded as the greatest World Series game ever played. It found the Boston Red Sox winning in the 12th inning in Fenway Park, defeating the Cincinnati Reds to force a seventh and deciding game. The game is best remembered for its exciting lead changes, nail-biting turns of events, and a game-winning walk off home run by Carlton Fisk, resulting in a 7 to 6 Red Sox victory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5291350483894348, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "#The Red Sox have the most World Series titles before their first World Series loss, winning the championship in their first five appearances—1903, 1912, 1915, 1916, and 1918—before losing in the next series they played, in 1946. The only other teams who have more than one Series victory before their first Series loss are the Cleveland Indians (in 1920 and 1948), the Toronto Blue Jays (in 1992 and 1993), and the Miami Marlins (in 1997 and 2003 as the Florida Marlins). The Blue Jays and the Marlins have never lost a World Series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9211061000823975, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "#The Pirates, Reds, Red Sox, and Giants are tied with the longest active streak of World Series victories (three) since the last time they lost a series. After losing the 1927 series to the Yankees, the Pirates have emerged victorious in the next three series in which they played (1960, 1971, and 1979). The Reds last series loss prior to their current active streak of three titles (1975, 1976, and 1990) was in 1972. The Red Sox are the American League leaders in this category with three consecutive titles (2004, 2007, and 2013) since their last series loss (1986). The Giants lost in 2002 before winning the next three they appeared in (2010, 2012, and 2014).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.33713629841804504, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "#There have been 19 World Series four-game (4–0) sweeps. Nine different teams have swept a World Series at least once, the Yankees having done so most often (8 times). The Red Sox, Reds, and Giants have all done it twice. The Braves, Orioles, White Sox, Dodgers, and Athletics have each swept one Series. Six of these teams (all but the Orioles, Red Sox and White Sox) have also been swept 0–4 in at least one World Series. The Red Sox' two World Series sweeps are the most of any team that has never been swept in one. The Reds and Yankees are the only teams to have swept each other (The Yankees swept the Reds in 1939, while the Reds swept the Yankees in 1976). The Giants are the only team to record World Series sweeps in two different cities: New York (1954) and San Francisco (2012). The 1999 Yankees are the last team to date, and the only one since 1966, to sweep a World Series it began on the road (as well as the last American League champion to date to win a World Series it began on the road). The 1963 Dodgers are the last National League team to date to sweep a World Series it began on the road.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6805621385574341, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "#One World Series game has ended with a pick-off of a runner. Kolten Wong of the St. Louis Cardinals was picked off of first base in Game 3 of the 2013 World Series by Boston Red Sox closer Koji Uehara. The score was 4-2 and rookie Wong was a pinch runner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.51989483833313, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "#The Boston Red Sox have lost 4 World Series, all in 7 games. (1946, 1967, 1975, & 1986)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.771960258483887, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "#The New York Yankees have defeated all eight original NL teams in a World Series. Conversely, they have lost at least one World Series to six of the original NL teams, never losing to the Chicago Cubs or the Philadelphia Phillies. The Boston Red Sox have played at least one Series against every original National League team except the (Boston, Milwaukee and Atlanta) Braves, with whom they shared a home city through 1953.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4644999504089355, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "George Herman Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948), better known as Babe Ruth, was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Nicknamed \"The Bambino\" and \"The Sultan of Swat\", he began his MLB career as a stellar left-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox, but achieved his greatest fame as a slugging outfielder for the New York Yankees. Ruth established many MLB batting (and some pitching) records, including career home runs (714), runs batted in (RBIs) (2,213), bases on balls (2,062), slugging percentage (.690), and on-base plus slugging (OPS) (1.164); the latter two still stand today. Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time. In , Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its \"first five\" inaugural members.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.145694732666016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "At age seven, Ruth was sent to St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys, a reformatory where he learned life lessons and baseball skills from Brother Matthias Boutlier of the Christian Brothers, the school's disciplinarian and a capable baseball player. In 1914, Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox. By 1916, he had built a reputation as an outstanding pitcher who sometimes hit long home runs, a feat unusual for any player in the pre-1920 dead-ball era. Although Ruth twice won 23 games in a season as a pitcher and was a member of three World Series championship teams with Boston, he wanted to play every day and was allowed to convert to an outfielder. With regular playing time, he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.2265782356262207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "The competition from the Terrapins caused Dunn to sustain large losses. Although by late June the Orioles were in first place, having won over two-thirds of their games, the paid attendance dropped as low as 150. Dunn explored a possible move by the Orioles to Richmond, Virginia, as well as the sale of a minority interest in the club. These possibilities fell through, leaving Dunn with little choice other than to sell his best players to major league teams to raise money. He offered Ruth to the reigning World Series champions, Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics, but Mack had his own financial problems. The Cincinnati Reds and New York Giants expressed interest in Ruth, but Dunn sold his contract, along with those of pitchers Ernie Shore and Ben Egan, to the Boston Red Sox of the American League (AL) on July 4. The sale price was announced as $25,000 but other reports lower the amount to half that, or possibly $8,500 plus the cancellation of a $3,000 loan. Ruth remained with the Orioles for several days while the Red Sox completed a road trip, and reported to the team in Boston on July 11. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.462714195251465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "Boston Red Sox (1914–19)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.828683853149414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Ruth arrived in Boston on July 11, 1914, along with Egan and Shore. Ruth later told of meeting the woman he would first marry, Helen Woodford, that morning—she was then a 16-year-old waitress at Landers Coffee Shop, and Ruth related that she served him when he had breakfast there. Other stories, though, suggest the meeting happened on another day, and perhaps under other circumstances. Regardless of when he began to woo his first wife, he won his first game for the Red Sox that afternoon, 4–3, over the Cleveland Naps. He pitched to catcher Bill Carrigan, who was also the Red Sox manager. Shore was given a start by Carrigan the next day; he won that and his second start and thereafter was pitched regularly. Ruth lost his second start, and was thereafter little used. As a batter, in his major-league debut, Ruth went 0-for-2 against left-hander Willie Mitchell, striking out in his first at bat, before being removed for a pinch hitter in the seventh inning. Ruth was not much noticed by the fans, as Bostonians watched the Red Sox's crosstown rivals, the Braves, begin a legendary comeback that would take them from last place on the Fourth of July to the 1914 World Series championship. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.12763801217079163, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "Red sox", "passage": "Egan was traded to Cleveland after two weeks on the Boston roster. During his time as a Red Sox, he kept an eye on the inexperienced Ruth, much as Dunn had in Baltimore. When he was traded, no one took his place as supervisor. Ruth's new teammates considered him brash, and would have preferred him, as a rookie, to remain quiet and inconspicuous. When Ruth insisted on taking batting practice despite his being both a rookie who did not play regularly, and a pitcher, he arrived to find his bats sawn in half. His teammates nicknamed him \"the Big Baboon\", a name the swarthy Ruth, who had disliked the nickname \"Niggerlips\" at St. Mary's, detested. Ruth had received a raise on promotion to the major leagues, and quickly acquired tastes for fine food, liquor, and women, among other temptations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8441550731658936, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "On July 30, 1914, Boston owner Joseph Lannin had purchased the minor-league Providence Grays, members of the International League. The Providence team had been owned by several people associated with the Detroit Tigers, including star hitter Ty Cobb, and as part of the transaction, a Providence pitcher was sent to the Tigers. To soothe Providence fans upset at losing a star, Lannin announced that the Red Sox would soon send a replacement to the Grays. This was intended to be Ruth, but his departure for Providence was delayed when Cincinnati Reds owner Garry Herrmann claimed him off waivers. After Lannin wrote to Herrmann explaining that the Red Sox wanted Ruth in Providence so he could develop as a player, and would not release him to a major league club, Herrmann allowed Ruth to be sent to the minors. Carrigan later stated that Ruth was not sent down to Providence to make him a better player, but to help the Grays win the International League pennant (league championship). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8912348747253418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Ruth joined the Grays on August 18, 1914. What was left of the Baltimore Orioles after Dunn's deals had managed to hold on to first place until August 15, after which they continued to fade, leaving the pennant race between Providence and Rochester. Ruth was deeply impressed by Providence manager \"Wild Bill\" Donovan, previously a star pitcher with a 25–4 win–loss record for Detroit in 1907; in later years, he credited Donovan with teaching him much about pitching. Ruth was called upon often to pitch, in one stretch starting (and winning) four games in eight days. On September 5 in Toronto, Ruth pitched a one-hit 9–0 victory, and hit his first professional home run, his only one as a minor leaguer, off Ellis Johnson. Recalled to Boston after Providence finished the season in first place, he pitched and won a game for the Red Sox against the New York Yankees on October 2, getting his first major league hit, a double. Ruth finished the season with a record of 2–1 as a major leaguer and 23–8 in the International League (for Baltimore and Providence). Once the season concluded, Ruth married Helen in Ellicott City, Maryland. Creamer speculated that they did not marry in Baltimore, where the newlyweds boarded with George Ruth, Sr., to avoid possible interference from those at St. Mary's—both bride and groom were not yet of age and Ruth remained on parole from that institution until his 21st birthday. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.342796802520752, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Ruth reported to his first major league spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas, in March 1915. Despite a relatively successful first season, he was not slated to start regularly for the Red Sox, who had two stellar left-handed pitchers already: the established stars Dutch Leonard, who had broken the record for the lowest earned run average (ERA) in a single season; and Ray Collins, a 20-game winner in both 1913 and 1914. Ruth was ineffective in his first start, taking the loss in the third game of the season. Injuries and ineffective pitching by other Boston pitchers gave Ruth another chance, and after some good relief appearances, Carrigan allowed Ruth another start, and he won a rain-shortened seven inning game. Ten days later, the manager had him start against the New York Yankees at the Polo Grounds. Ruth took a 3–2 lead into the ninth, but lost the game 4–3 in 13 innings. Ruth, hitting ninth as was customary for pitchers, hit a massive home run into the upper deck in right field off of Jack Warhop. At the time, home runs were rare in baseball, and Ruth's majestic shot awed the crowd. The winning pitcher, Warhop, would in August 1915 conclude a major league career of eight seasons, undistinguished but for being the first major league pitcher to give up a home run to Babe Ruth. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.620006084442139, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Carrigan retired as player and manager after 1916, returning to his native Maine to be a businessman. Ruth, who played under four managers who are in the National Baseball Hall of Fame, always maintained that Carrigan, who is not enshrined there, was the best skipper he ever played for. There were other changes in the Red Sox organization that offseason, as Lannin sold the team to a three-man group headed by New York theatrical promoter Harry Frazee. Jack Barry was hired by Frazee as manager. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7496426105499268, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "The entry of the United States into World War I occurred at the start of the season, and overshadowed the sport. Conscription was introduced in September 1917, and most baseball players in the big leagues were of draft age. This included Barry, who was a player-manager, and who joined the Naval Reserve in an attempt to avoid the draft, only to be called up after the 1917 season. Frazee hired International League President Ed Barrow as Red Sox manager. Barrow had spent the previous 30 years in a variety of baseball jobs, though he never played the game professionally. With the major leagues shorthanded due to the war, Barrow had many holes in the Red Sox lineup to fill.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.67202091217041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "During the 1919 season, Ruth pitched in only 17 of his 130 games, compiling an 8–5 record as Barrow used him as a pitcher mostly in the early part of the season, when the Red Sox manager still had hopes of a second consecutive pennant. By late June, the Red Sox were clearly out of the race, and Barrow had no objection to Ruth concentrating on his hitting, if only because it drew people to the ballpark. Ruth had hit a home run against the Yankees on Opening Day, and another during a month-long batting slump that soon followed. Relieved of his pitching duties, Ruth began an unprecedented spell of slugging home runs, which gave him widespread public and press attention. Even his failures were seen as majestic—one sportswriter noted, \"When Ruth misses a swipe at the ball, the stands quiver\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.2184906005859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "As an out-of-towner from New York City, Frazee had been regarded with suspicion by Boston's sportswriters and baseball fans when he bought the team. He won them over with success on the field and a willingness to build the Red Sox by purchasing or trading for players. He offered the Senators $60,000 for Walter Johnson, but Washington owner Clark Griffith was unwilling. Even so, Frazee was successful in bringing other players to Boston, especially as replacements for players in the military. This willingness to spend for players helped the Red Sox secure the 1918 title. The 1919 season saw record-breaking attendance, and Ruth's home runs for Boston made him a national sensation. In March 1919 Ruth was reported as having accepted a three-year contract for a total of $27,000, after protracted negotiations Nevertheless, on December 26, 1919, Frazee sold Ruth's contract to the New York Yankees. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.593050479888916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Not all of the circumstances concerning the sale are known, but brewer and former congressman Jacob Ruppert, the New York team's principal owner, reportedly asked Yankee manager Miller Huggins what the team needed to be successful. \"Get Ruth from Boston\", Huggins supposedly replied, noting that Frazee was perennially in need of money to finance his theatrical productions. In any event, there was precedent for the Ruth transaction: when Boston pitcher Carl Mays left the Red Sox in a 1919 dispute, Frazee had settled the matter by selling Mays to the Yankees, though over the opposition of AL President Johnson. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8006412982940674, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "According to one of Ruth's biographers, Jim Reisler, \"why Frazee needed cash in 1919—and large infusions of it quickly—is still, more than 80 years later, a bit of a mystery\". The often-told story is that Frazee needed money to finance the musical No, No, Nanette, which was a Broadway hit and brought Frazee financial security. That play did not open until 1925, however, by which time Frazee had sold the Red Sox. Still, the story may be true in essence: No, No, Nanette was based on a Frazee-produced play, My Lady Friends, which opened in 1919. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.851836681365967, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "Red sox", "passage": "Frazee sold the rights to Babe Ruth for $100,000, the largest sum ever paid for a baseball player. The deal also involved a $350,000 loan from Ruppert to Frazee, secured by a mortgage on Fenway Park. Once it was agreed, Frazee informed Barrow, who, stunned, told the owner that he was getting the worse end of the bargain. Cynics have suggested that Barrow may have played a larger role in the Ruth sale, as less than a year after, he became the Yankee general manager, and in the following years made a number of purchases of Red Sox players from Frazee.Reisler, p. 2 The $100,000 price included $25,000 in cash, and notes for the same amount due November 1 in 1920, 1921, and 1922; Ruppert and Huston assisted Frazee in selling the notes to banks for immediate cash.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8000617027282715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "At the end of April 1920, the Yankees were 4–7, with the Red Sox leading the league with a 10–2 mark. Ruth had done little, having injured himself swinging the bat. Both situations began to change on May 1, when Ruth hit a home run with the ball going completely out of the Polo Grounds, a feat believed only to have been previously accomplished by Shoeless Joe Jackson. The Yankees won, 6–0, taking three out of four from the Red Sox. Ruth hit his second home run on May 2, and by the end of the month had set a major league record for home runs in a month with 11, and promptly broke it with 13 in June. Fans responded with record attendance: on May 16, Ruth and the Yankees drew 38,600 to the Polo Grounds, a record for the ballpark, and 15,000 fans were turned away. Large crowds jammed stadiums to see Ruth play when the Yankees were on the road. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.9398622512817383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Ruth remained productive in 1933, as he batted .301, with 34 home runs, 103 RBIs, and a league-leading 114 walks, as the Yankees finished second, seven games behind the Senators. He was selected to play right field by Athletics manager Connie Mack in the first Major League Baseball All-Star Game, held on July 6, 1933, at Comiskey Park in Chicago. He hit the first home run in the All-Star Game's history, a two-run blast against Bill Hallahan during the third inning, which helped the AL win the game 4–2. During the final game of the 1933 season, as a publicity stunt organized by his team, Ruth was called upon and pitched a complete game victory against the Red Sox, his final appearance as a pitcher. Despite unremarkable pitching numbers, Ruth had a 5–0 record in five games for the Yankees, raising his career totals to 94–46.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.6111910343170166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Although Ruth knew he was nearly finished as a player, he desired to remain in baseball as a manager. He was often spoken of as a possible candidate as managerial jobs opened up, but in 1932, when he was mentioned as a contender for the Red Sox position, Ruth stated that he was not yet ready to leave the field. There were rumors that Ruth was a likely candidate each time when the Cleveland Indians, Cincinnati Reds, and Detroit Tigers were looking for a manager, but nothing came of them. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6070505380630493, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "In 1915, Ruth batted .315 and topped the Red Sox with four home runs. Braggo Roth led the AL with seven homers, but he had 384 at-bats compared to Babe’s 92. Ruth didn’t have enough at-bats to qualify, but his .576 slugging percentage was higher than the official leaders in the American League (Jack Fournier .491), the National League (Gavvy Cravath .510), and the Federal League (Benny Kauff .509).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.198880672454834, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "With the Red Sox offense sputtering after the sale of Tris Speaker in 1916, the suggestion to play Ruth every day was renewed when he tied a record with a home run in three consecutive games. Ruth hated the helpless feeling of sitting on the bench between pitching assignments, and believed he could be a better hitter if given more opportunity. In mid-season, with all three Boston outfielders in slumps, Carrigan was reportedly ready to give Babe a shot, but it never happened. Ruth finished the 1917 season at .325, easily the highest average on the team. Left fielder Duffy Lewis topped the regulars at .302; no one else hit above .265. Giving Ruth an everyday job remained nothing more than an entertaining game of “what if”—until 1918.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.715486526489258, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "The previous summer, the United States had entered the Great War; many players had enlisted or accepted war-related jobs before the season began. Trying to strengthen the Red Sox offense, about two weeks into the season, manager Ed Barrow, after discussions with right fielder and team captain Harry Hooper, penciled Ruth into the lineup. The move came only a few days after a Boston paper reported that team owner Harry Frazee had refused an offer of $100,000 for Ruth. “It is ridiculous to talk about it,” Frazee said. “Ruth is our Big Ace. He’s the most talked of, most sought for, most colorful ball player in the game.” Later reports revealed that the offer had come from the Yankees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.527012825012207, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Ruth’s performance led the Red Sox to the American League pennant, in a season cut short by the owners, partially because of dwindling attendance. All draft-age men were under government order to either enlist or take war-related employment—in shipyards or munitions factories, for example—which led to paltry turnouts of less than 1,000 for many afternoon games that summer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7312235832214355, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "While with the Red Sox, Ruth often arranged for busloads of orphans to visit his farm in Sudbury for a day-long picnic and ball game, making sure each kid left with a glove and autographed baseball. When the Red Sox were at home, Ruth would arrive at Fenway Park early on Saturday mornings to help the vendors—mostly boys in their early teens—bag peanuts for the upcoming week’s games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9390673637390137, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "“[T]here is no getting away from the fact that despite his 29 home runs, the Red Sox finished sixth last year,” Frazee said. “What the Boston fans want, I take it, and what I want because they want it, is a winning team, rather than a one-man team that finishes in sixth place.” Frazee also called Ruth’s home runs “more spectacular than useful.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.233232021331787, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "After a disappointing April, in which he missed time due to a strained right knee, Ruth began May with home runs in consecutive games against the Red Sox. He went on to set a major league record for the month with 11 homers. That record lasted less than 30 days, when he smacked 13 long balls in June. He tied his own single-season record of 29 home runs—set the previous year with Boston—on July 16. Two weeks later, he had 37.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.20822691917419434, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Babe married Claire Hodgson on April 17. The following day, the Yankees—with numbers on the back of their uniforms for the first time—opened the season against the Red Sox. Babe, wearing his new #3, whacked a first-inning home run to left field and doffed his cap to Claire as he rounded the bases.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5146114826202393, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "The Yankees finished seven games behind the Senators and, in an effort to boost attendance for the last home game of the year, announced that Ruth would pitch against the Red Sox. The 39-year-old outfielder held the Red Sox without a run for five innings. With a 6-0 lead, he stumbled in the sixth, allowing a walk, five singles, and four runs. He gave up another run in the eighth, but hung on and won the complete game, 6-5. Although Ruth had prepared for the start, it took a toll on his arm. He couldn’t so much as comb his hair with his left arm for about a week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.113497257232666, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "Red sox", "passage": "Wood, Allan. Babe Ruth and the 1918 Red Sox (San Jose CA: Writers Club Press, 2001)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.563639521598816, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth | Society for American Baseball Research" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "9. The Orioles sold Ruth to the Boston Red Sox on July 9, 1914 along with two other players as part of a fire sale by team owner Jack Dunn, who found himself in financial straits when the presence of a Baltimore franchise in the new Federal League obliterated the Orioles’ attendance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7064772248268127, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "11. Ruth’s first official professional home run came on Sept. 5, 1914 for the Providence Grays of the International League, where he had been sent by the Red Sox for more seasoning the month before.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.451626777648926, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "Red sox", "passage": "22. On June 23, 1917 at Fenway Park, Ruth was ejected by home plate umpire Brick Owens for arguing balls and strikes after walking the first batter of a game against the Senators. Ernie Shore replaced him. The baserunner, Senators second baseman Ray Morgan, was caught stealing, and Shore then retired all 26 men he faced in a 4-0 Red Sox win. Officially, Ruth is credited for participating in a combined no-hitter, but Shore is not credited with pitching a perfect game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6426117420196533, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "24. Soon after that first appearance as a position player, Ruth began to refuse to pitch, leading to tension with Red Sox manager Ed Barrow. In early July, Ruth attempted to leave the team and join a shipyard team in Chester, Pa., to avoid a fine from Barrow. Ruth quickly caved to the threat of legal action by Red Sox owner Harry Frazee and rejoined the Red Sox without playing for the shipyard team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0598582029342651, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "27. Ruth held out in spring training in 1919, ultimately landing a three-year contract worth $10,000. He threatened a hold out again after the 1919 season, saying he was worth twice the salary he had agreed to before that season. Frazee, still in debt from his purchase of the Red Sox three years earlier, responded by selling Ruth to the Yankees on Jan. 3, 1920, for $100,000 and a $300,000 loan secured by a mortgage on Fenway Park.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.866244792938232, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "28. Apocrypha, Part I: Contrary to popular belief, Frazee’s successful production of the play No, No Nanette – which featured the song “Tea For Two” – had nothing to do with Ruth or the money the Yankees sent to the Red Sox to acquire him. Frazee sold the Red Sox two years before No, No Nanette hit Broadway in 1925 and always kept his theater and baseball finances separate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5862202644348145, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "29. While the phrase \"The Curse of the Bambino\" did not come into being for more than half a century, it didn't take long to notice a dramatic change in fortunes between Ruth's old and new teams. Between 1920 and 1964, the Yankees won 29 American League pennants and 20 World Series. The Red Sox won one pennant and no World Series titles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2287120819091797, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "Red sox", "passage": "34. Only five teams hit more home runs than Ruth did by himself in 1919 (not counting Ruth’s own Red Sox), and only two teams had more than his total in 1920 (this time including Ruth’s Yankees, who hit 61 in addition to his 54). Ruth also hit more home runs than half of the teams in baseball in 1921.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1618183851242065, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "49. Yankee Stadium, dubbed “The House That Ruth Built” by sportswriter Fred Lieb, opened on April 18, 1923. Ruth hit the new ballpark’s first home run, a three-run shot in the third inning off the Red Sox’ Howard Ehmke, the key blow in the Yankees’ 4-1 victory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4800925254821777, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "75. Ruth pitched five more times after leaving the Red Sox, first in 1920 and then twice in 1921. He then stayed off the mound for nearly a decade before pitching a complete game victory against Boston in the 1930 regular season finale. He replicated the feat against the Red Sox three years later, beating them on Oct. 1, 1933, one year to the day after his alleged Called Shot home run.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.874591827392578, "source": "search", "title": "99 Cool Facts About Babe Ruth - SI.com" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "Boston Red Sox's Doug Mientkiewicz, left, and catcher Jason Varitek, right, jump into Keith Foulke's arms after the Red Sox defeated the St. Louis Caridnals 3-0 in Game 4 to win the 2004 World Series. (Sue Ogrocki/AP)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5657973289489746, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs’ Curse of the Billy Goat and other superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "The Cubs' curse is one of the most storied and enduring in baseball, along with the Red Sox' since-broken \"Curse of the Bambino.\" That myth  goes something like this : Babe Ruth, nicknamed \"The Bambino,\" had been a star for the Red Sox from 1914-1919; when he was sold to the rival Yankees, the baseball gods leveled their punishment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3204537630081177, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs’ Curse of the Billy Goat and other superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Much was made of the curse's end and since 2004, the Red Sox have gone on to win the World Series twice more, in 2007 and 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.05593729019165, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs’ Curse of the Billy Goat and other superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "Boston Americans", "passage": "I’ve pulled both the ERA+ and OPS+ for every modern World Series champion since 1903. There have been 106 winners: The Boston Americans won it all in 1903 and the San Francisco Giants in 2010. It’s also worth noting there wasn’t a series in 1904 because the New York Giants ( John McGraw specifically) refused to play what they believed was a far too inferior team, the Boston Americans, who later became the Red Sox, of the junior league. Perhaps, this is one of the origins of the term “Junior Circuit.” The other omission is 1994, which ended in strike rather than a Fall Classic. Brutal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2911832332611084, "source": "search", "title": "Pitching (almost) always wins championships - The Hardball ..." }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "The Yankees hold the record for World Series championships with 27, while the St. Louis Cardinals trail overall but lead the National League with 10. Other franchises with greater than five are the Oakland A’s—they’ve also played in Philadelphia and Kansas City—with nine, the Boston Red Sox—they were originally called the Americans—and the San Francisco Giants (formerly of New York), and the Los Angeles Dodgers (formerly of Brooklyn) are tied with six each.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.23159122467041, "source": "search", "title": "Pitching (almost) always wins championships - The Hardball ..." }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "You might have to squint a little to see it, but you might even say they’re better positioned than the powerful Yankees. Still, if the Red Sox can stay healthy I think they are probably 2011’s best bet. But that’s why they play the games, because the best bet doesn’t always win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.279812812805176, "source": "search", "title": "Pitching (almost) always wins championships - The Hardball ..." }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "The Boston Red Sox's Doug Mientkiewicz (left) and catcher Jason Varitek (right) jump into Keith Foulke's arms after the Red Sox defeated the St. Louis Cardinals 3-0 in Game 4 to win the 2004 World Series. Sue Ogrocki/AP hide caption", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.997999906539917, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs' Curse Of The Billy Goat And Other Superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "The Boston Red Sox's Doug Mientkiewicz (left) and catcher Jason Varitek (right) jump into Keith Foulke's arms after the Red Sox defeated the St. Louis Cardinals 3-0 in Game 4 to win the 2004 World Series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.829399585723877, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs' Curse Of The Billy Goat And Other Superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "The Cubs' curse is one of the most storied and enduring in baseball, along with the Red Sox's since-broken \"Curse of the Bambino.\" That myth goes something like this : Babe Ruth, nicknamed \"The Bambino,\" had been a star for the Red Sox from 1914-1919; when he was sold to the rival Yankees, the baseball gods leveled their punishment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0672541856765747, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs' Curse Of The Billy Goat And Other Superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "Much was made of the curse's end, and since 2004, the Red Sox have gone on to win the World Series twice more, in 2007 and 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.428884029388428, "source": "search", "title": "Cubs' Curse Of The Billy Goat And Other Superstitious ..." }, { "answer": "The red sox", "passage": "The oft-forgotten man in that staff was Ojeda, who went 18-5 with a team best 2.53 ERA. In two World Series starts, he allowed just three runs against the Red Sox.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.6046857833862305, "source": "search", "title": "50 Best Pitching Teams in MLB History | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "No. 27: 2004 Boston Red Sox", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74312973022461, "source": "search", "title": "50 Best Pitching Teams in MLB History | Bleacher Report" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "Though Barry Bonds now holds the record for most home runs in a season (73), most home runs in a career 762 and counting), highest slugging percentage, most intentional walks, etc., The Babe still must be considered the greatest player that ever graced the game. In addition to his record 12 home run titles, his 13 slugging titles, his six R.B.I. titles, and his solo batting title (.378 in 1934; The Babe placed in the top five hitters in terms of batting average eight times, including a career high of .393 in 1923, when Harry Heilmann hit .403), The Babe won 18, 23 and 24 games as a left-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox in 1915, 1916 and 1917, and won the American League E.R.A. title in '16. He set his first home run title in 1918, another year the Sox won the World Series, as a part time position player and part-time pitcher, notching up 11 homers and nine wins. George Herman Ruth likely will remain the sole player in major league baseball history to win batting, home run, R.B.I., slugging *and* E.R.A. titles, plus eat a dozen hot dogs and drink the better part of a keg of bootleg \"needle\" beer before suiting up for a game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.2775492668151855, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "Was the first Major League player to hit 60 home runs (1927). Started out his career as a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox. He had back-to-back 20 win seasons and won a total of 94 career games. Sold to New York for $100,000. Hit his famous \"Called Shot\" in the 1932 World Series in Chicago, off Chicago pitcher, Charlie Root. He had two strikes on him when he allegedly pointed to center field and, on the very next pitch, smacked the ball in center field for a home run. Led American League in home runs 12 times, runs eight times, RBIs six times and batting once. Hit 714 career home runs. His number 3 was retired by the New York Yankees. Among the original members, that were first admitted to the baseball Hall of Fame. Honored with a monument in Yankee Stadium.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.266298770904541, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, 1936 (charter member). Played for the American League's Boston Red Sox (1914-1919) and New York Yankees (1920-1934), and for the National League's Boston Braves (1935).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.552813529968262, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Boston Red Sox", "passage": "Enshrined in the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame, 1995 (charter member).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.809102058410645, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Red sox", "passage": "On Saturday, January 3rd, 1920, he was formally sold by Harry Frazee to New York Yankees owner Jacob Ruppert for $125,000, plus a $350,000 loan secured by Fenway Park. At that time, it was the highest price paid for a player, and more money than Ruppert paid for his team. The woeful Yankees soon became a juggernaut, while the powerhouse Red Sox wouldn't win another World Series until 2004. Red Sox fans would attribute the drought to a \"curse\" which came to be known as \"The Curse of the Bambino\". Ruth himself never spoke ill of his first major league baseball team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.196825981140137, "source": "search", "title": "Babe Ruth - Biography - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "The challenge syndicate also named DAVID BARNES tactician and RUSSELL COUTS navigator. The New Zealand syndicate is headed by MICHAEL FAY, the banker, whose huge unorthodox monohull New Zealand lost the 1988 race to the even less orthodox catamran Stars & Stripes skippered by DENNIS CONNER for the San Diego Yacht Club. (AP)", "precise_score": 6.4928297996521, "rough_score": 4.395505905151367, "source": "search", "title": "SPORTS PEOPLE - AMERICA'S CUP - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Here it is, the model yacht that started the VICTOR CUP SERIES. This is the semi-scale version of the yacht Stars & Stripes, skippered by Dennis Conner that returned the America's Cup to the USA in 1987. This boat is perfect for those who wish to create their own version of the America's Cup Races in miniature. The model is an excellent competitor when sailed against similar boats in its class. You can have hours of enjoyment when racing against our Australia II.", "precise_score": 8.66486644744873, "rough_score": 8.056475639343262, "source": "search", "title": "Stars & Stripes - Victor Model Products" }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Dennis Conner's 1988 catamaran Stars & Stripes US-1: Launched on May 24th 1988, christened on June 4th 1988 in San Diego... 24 years ago !", "precise_score": 4.00154447555542, "rough_score": 6.452218532562256, "source": "search", "title": "AMERICA'S CUP 1988 - STARS & STRIPES CATAMARAN - FIRST ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "The long silence of the San Diego Yacht Club following Dennis Conner's victory with the 12-metre Stars & Stripes on February 4th, 1987 in Fremantle is often cited as the reason behind the 1988 America’s Cup. Taking literally the words of the Deed of Gift, the New Zealand banker Michael Fay, impatient with American foot-dragging, sent a challenge contrary to all expectations on July 15th, 1987.", "precise_score": 7.313220977783203, "rough_score": 7.344197750091553, "source": "search", "title": "AMERICA'S CUP 1988 - STARS & STRIPES CATAMARAN - FIRST ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "During the 19th and 20th centuries American yachts and sailors dominated and successfully defended the America’s Cup 24 times and created what is still today the longest winning streak in the history of organized sports. However, on the waters off Newport, Rhode Island in 1983, the Royal Perth Yacht Club’s challenger, Australia II (12 Meter KA-6), devastated the New York Yacht Club’s defender Liberty (12 Meter US-40), skippered by Dennis Conner, by winning the America’s Cup and ending the New York Yacht Club’s 132 year winning streak.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.056039571762085, "source": "search", "title": "Sailing Newport RI | America's Cup History | 12 Meter Charters" }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Although this defeat was devastating to the United States and the New York Yacht Club it would not be the last time that Dennis Conner would race in the America’s Cup. Four years later in 1987, the world saw the largest group of 12 Meters in the history of the America’s Cup. Over twenty-five of the multimillion dollar 12 Meter racing machines were designed and built to compete in the America’s Cup trials. Conner, then already a two time winner of the America’s Cup but more famous for being the only American sailor to ever lose the America’s Cup, staged a remarkable comeback winning the America’s Cup under the San Diego Yacht Club with his Stars & Stripes ‘87 (12 Meter US 55). Conner demolished the Australian defender Kookaburra III (12 Meter KA-15), winning the America’s Cup finals seven race series 4-0 and, therefore, reproving his racing capabilities to the world. This marked the last America’s Cup in which the graceful twelve meter yachts would sail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.03714929521083832, "source": "search", "title": "Sailing Newport RI | America's Cup History | 12 Meter Charters" }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "In 1989, in the first Holmes show to go to air, Paul Holmes conducted a live studio interview with Dennis Conner . Holmes baited Conner into walking out of the studio by ‘offering’ the American the opportunity to apologise for comments he had made about New Zealand’s 1987 and 1988 America’s Cup skippers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0556182861328125, "source": "search", "title": "New Zealand and the America's Cup - America's Cup ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Dennis Conner", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.068681716918945, "source": "search", "title": "New Zealand and the America's Cup - America's Cup ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "With each victory, cup fever mounted in New Zealand. Some of the opposition became increasingly suspicious of the fibreglass hull. Chris Dickson observed later that fibreglass was the preferred material here at the time. New Zealand had ‘never built 12m [racing] yachts … so … why would you build an aluminium yacht? … That was old technology.’ Dennis Conner, the defeated skipper from 1983 who was now sailing for the San Diego Yacht Club’s Stars and Stripes syndicate, was especially outspoken, even after KZ 7 was twice cleared by cup officials. ‘Why would you want to build a fibreglass 12-metre unless you wanted to cheat?’ Conner became ‘Dirty Den’ to many Kiwis – the American we loved to hate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0471136569976807, "source": "search", "title": "New Zealand and the America's Cup - America's Cup ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Black Magic’s 5–0 thrashing of the defender, Stars & Stripes. Victory was all the sweeter because ‘Mr America’s Cup’ – Dennis Conner – was at the helm of the US boat. As NZL 32 approached the finish line in race five, television commentator Peter Montgomery declared that ‘the America’s Cup is now New Zealand’s cup!’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0074745416641235, "source": "search", "title": "New Zealand and the America's Cup - America's Cup ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Dennis Conner In 1988 America's Cup (Connor Lives Up To His Reputation As Big Bad Dennis) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4504857063293457, "source": "search", "title": "Dennis Conner In 1988 America's Cup (Connor Lives Up To ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Dennis Conner In 1988 America's Cup (Connor Lives Up To His Reputation As Big Bad Dennis)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6202929019927979, "source": "search", "title": "Dennis Conner In 1988 America's Cup (Connor Lives Up To ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "The 1988 America's Cup was the first hostile Deed of Gift challenge. Dennis Conner had won the America's Cup for the San Diego Yacht Club on 4 February 1987 at the 1987 America's Cup. In July, New Zealand banker Michael Fay went to the San Diego Yacht Club and issued a Notice of Challenge from the Mercury Bay Boating Club of New Zealand, which was based on a strict reading of the Deed of Gift. The Fay challenge stipulated that the boats to be sailed would be defined only by the details of the Deed, namely single masted yachts no more than 90 feet (27 m) at the waterline and that the race would be held the following year in 1988. He proposed to bring a 90 foot racing yacht for his challenge boat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6325263977050781, "source": "search", "title": "Dennis Conner In 1988 America's Cup (Connor Lives Up To ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "That was the assessment of Dennis Conner as published in an interview for the Australian review The Bulletin on December 15th, 1987. The facts would prove Conner right and the unsurprising victory of his small 18.30-metre LOA catamaran, Stars & Stripes, against the huge 27.43-metre LOA monohull New Zealand would remain forever the most incongruous America’s Cup.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.682870388031006, "source": "search", "title": "AMERICA'S CUP 1988 - STARS & STRIPES CATAMARAN - FIRST ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "On May 24th, the first boat was launched and in June, Dennis Conner sailed with the hard-rigged cat. The team discovered that in light wind, the traditional soft rigging of the sister ship was more effective. But in more steady, stronger winds, the hard-rigged cat was faster but the risk of material failure was bigger. So Rutan and his team built up a new winged mast and delivered it at the beginning of August. This second structure was 40% bigger and far more solid than the first one. The mast measured 32.61 metres, 5.80 metres more than the first one, and thus the performance was there: the catamaran fitted with the hard rig was preferred to the classic soft-rigged boat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.249799728393555, "source": "search", "title": "AMERICA'S CUP 1988 - STARS & STRIPES CATAMARAN - FIRST ..." }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "This match marked Dennis Conner’s first Cup victory as a skipper, his sailboat Freedom defeating Alan Bond’s reworked Australia four races to one. It also set the stage for the showdown three years later. Serving as tactician to Australian skipper Sir James Hardy was John Bertrand, who became Conner’s nemisis in three year’s time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.136813163757324, "source": "search", "title": "AmericaOne - AC History 1980-1988" }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Dennis Conner and Liberty won the first two races, John Bertrand and Australia | the third. The Americans recovered in the fourth, but knew they were in trouble in light air. The two-race American lead faded to a 3-3 tie by the end of the sixth race. And by the end of the seventh race, the Cup was in Australian hands, the boys from Down Under finishing 41 seconds ahead of Liberty and terminating the longest winning streak in the history of sport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544089317321777, "source": "search", "title": "AmericaOne - AC History 1980-1988" }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Dennis Conner turned what had been a summer sport into a full-time occupation. It paid off. Mounting a campaign that lasted more than three years, his curiously shaped Stars & Stripes emerged the victor in a hotly contested challenger elimination series and went on to rout the Australian defender, Kookaburra |I, 4-0. Conner was now not only the first man to lose the Cup, he was the first to win it back as well. The America’s Cup was returning to America, but to a new—and controversial—home at San Diego Yacht Club.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.372127056121826, "source": "search", "title": "AmericaOne - AC History 1980-1988" }, { "answer": "Dennis Conner", "passage": "Michael Fay heads New Zealand's first foray into the America's Cup, with a team skippered by Chris Dickson. The kiwis build the first fibreglass Cup boat, and the boat dubbed \"plastic Fantastic\" doesn't go down well with Dennis Conner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5955716371536255, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS Team New Zealands Americas Cup love affair | Sport ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Zina Garrison", "passage": "On a sunny Saturday afternoon, Martina Navratilova produced a near-flawless performance to win her ninth Wimbledon singles title, a record that will take some topping in today's day and age. Competing against fellow American Zina Garrison, Navratilova served and volleyed her way around Centre Court in emphatic fashion, dropping just five games as she took the title 6-1, 6-4.", "precise_score": 9.01473617553711, "rough_score": 9.308233261108398, "source": "search", "title": "History - 1990s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Zina Garrison", "passage": "Navratilova's final major singles triumph was in 1990. In the final, the 33-year-old Navratilova swept Zina Garrison 6–4, 6–1 to claim an all-time record ninth Wimbledon singles crown. Though that was her last major singles title, Navratilova reached two additional major singles finals during the remainder of career. In 1991, she lost in the US Open final to the new World No. 1 Monica Seles. And then in 1994, at the age of 37, Navratilova reached the Wimbledon final, where she lost in three sets to Conchita Martínez. Soon after, she retired from full-time competition on the singles tour. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.64251708984375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Martina Navratilova" }, { "answer": "Zina Garrison", "passage": "But Navratilova was not finished yet. She reached her ninth successive final in 1990 and overwhelmed Zina Garrison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.350278377532959, "source": "search", "title": "Wimbledon legends: Martina Navratilova - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Zina Garrison", "passage": "Today, Navratilova made history when she became the first player to win nine Wimbledons. Hitting 32 winners and committing just nine unforced errors, Navratilova rolled to a 6-4, 6-1 victory in the final over Zina Garrison, who had upset Graf in the semis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.249356269836426, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN Classic - More Info on Martina Navratilova" }, { "answer": "Zina Garrison", "passage": "Navratilova’s chances of reclaiming her Wimbledon crown rose significantly after Zina Garrison-Jackson upset Graf 6-3 3-6 6-4 in the semi-finals. “It was easier and harder playing Zina,” said Navratilova, who had won 27 of their previous 28 matches. “I didn't have to play Steffi, but there would have been no pressure playing Steffi. I'd beaten Zina 27 times. God knows, I should do it again. She beat Graf and earned her place in the final.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.27968168258667, "source": "search", "title": "Wimbledon moments: Navratilova reclaims her crown | Tennishead" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "\"I've been waiting for this day since I received the call last month,\" Pavin said yesterday. \"I'm very excited to be here. In 1991 I played in my first Ryder Cup. Listening to the national anthem, experiencing the pressure for the first time, watching the last match between Hale Irwin and Bernhard Langer, and of course throwing captain Dave Stockton into the ocean, cemented my love for the Ryder Cup for ever. I knew I wanted to play as many as possible and dreamt of becoming captain one day. Today my dream has come true.\"", "precise_score": 6.3472771644592285, "rough_score": 1.9275532960891724, "source": "search", "title": "Golf: US Ryder Cup team snubbed as Pavin is named captain ..." }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "Watson, 42 years old, would succeed the nonplaying captain Dave Stockton, who in September led a 12-man American team to a 14 1/2-to-13 1/2 victory over Europe at Kiawah Island, S.C. The 1993 matches will be held at the Belfry in Sutton Coldfield, England.", "precise_score": -1.6586750745773315, "rough_score": -5.4873857498168945, "source": "search", "title": "Watson Ryder Cup Captain? - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "What happened that day, and indeed the entire week, is best left to the men who experienced it. Through late winter and spring this year, Golf Digest sought recollections from the players who competed that year as well as the two captains, Dave Stockton and Bernard Gallacher, and we include observations from the late Payne Stewart and Seve Ballesteros from previous interviews with us. Players and those behind the scenes talked freely of their experiences, needing little prodding. Old wounds from that Ryder Cup clearly have never quite healed. Many players reverted to speaking of Kiawah in the present tense, and accusations and barbs flew all over again. Here, in the words of those who were there, is the final summation on one of the greatest events in golf history.", "precise_score": 1.4891927242279053, "rough_score": -8.713210105895996, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "This brought heavy criticism from the general media and the European team feeling a sense of bad sportsmanship on behalf of the Americans. Especially considering U.S. captain Dave Stockton had chosen to play Pate in an earlier match thus risking causing further unnecessary injury to the player. In post-match interviews serious questions were asked by the European team of the American's reasoning and tactics behind the decision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.696282386779785, "source": "wiki", "title": "1991 Ryder Cup" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "Captains: Europe - Bernard Gallacher; USA - Dave Stockton", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.736854553222656, "source": "search", "title": "1991 Ryder Cup Matches - Scores, Recap and Player Records" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "The Americans, led by fired-up captain Dave Stockton , set the mood by posing for a military-inspired photo/poster, and some Team USA players showed up wearing battle-fatigues-inspired golf caps for Day 1 of the matches. The \"war\" rhetoric fanned the flames for some unfortunate fan behavior, Team Europe players claimed. The Americans said they were simply honoring troops taking part in Operation Desert Storm in the Persian Gulf region; the Europeans said some of the Americans' actions crossed the line from patriotism to jingoism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.280517578125, "source": "search", "title": "1991 Ryder Cup Matches - Scores, Recap and Player Records" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "1991 - Dave Stockton - Bernard Gallacher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.00467586517334, "source": "search", "title": "Ryder Cup Captains: The Full Listing - About.com Sports" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "SURFIN' U.S.A.: Mark O'Meara and Payne Stewart flank Dave Stockton as he upends Corey Pavin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.629404067993164, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "SURFIN' U.S.A.: Mark O'Meara and Payne Stewart flank Dave Stockton as he upends Corey Pavin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.629404067993164, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "Sunday began with Dave Stockton's controversial scratch of Steve Pate from the singles because of the injuries suffered in the pre-event car crash. Under the rules, the Europeans had to reveal the player \"placed in the envelope\" for such circumstances, forcing him to sit out and giving each team a half point for the match not played. That left the teams tied, 8½-8½, entering the final 11 matches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.008670806884766, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "David Gilford: Mark Calcavecchia came up to me just before the closing ceremony and said: \"I'm sorry about today. A few of our guys don't like what happened.\" Which was nice of him. Look, I know Steve Pate had been in an accident and had bruising, but he did play on the Saturday. And to say that he was appreciably worse on the Sunday would be a very charitable interpretation of Dave Stockton's captaincy. At best, it was ungentlemanly and unsportsmanlike; at worst it was cheating.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.075525283813477, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "__Dave Stockton:__Steve couldn't play on Friday; he could barely move. On Saturday, he was game and wanted to play, and I didn't have the heart to bench him. He got beat, and then he got only half a point for the Sunday singles match he didn't play. Steve hadn't shot worse than 67 in the practice rounds, and suddenly he was crippled. I felt that if he'd been healthy, it would not have been as close on Sunday as it was.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255537986755371, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "__Dave Stockton:__Momentum is a funny thing. In the singles, I believe in sending your strongest players out first and last, and positioning the guys who aren't playing well in the middle. So I led off with Raymond Floyd and Payne Stewart, and darned if Gallacher didn't put the strongest part of his lineup in the middle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234801292419434, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "__Dave Stockton:__When Payne and Raymond fell behind [Stewart lost to David Feherty, 2 and 1], I thought we might be in trouble. But we had a secret weapon in Mark Calcavecchia. He was just burying Colin Montgomerie, at one point going 5 up through nine. The rest of the team was really inspired by that and played great. Calcavecchia lost the last four holes, of course, and halved his match, but by then the momentum had been established. So even though Mark collapsed and felt humiliated, his performance really was our greatest weapon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.920154571533203, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" }, { "answer": "Dave Stockton", "passage": "Dave Stockton: After it was over, Bernard Gallacher decided to get a little pissy; he wrote a book. For example, he'd had some problems with their walkie-talkies, and he harpooned me with the suggestion that maybe we'd sabotaged them. Hell, I can barely turn on the TV, let alone monkey with radio signals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289069175720215, "source": "search", "title": "The Rowdy Ryder Cup at Kiawah - Golf Digest" } ]

[ { "answer": "Oakland Raiders", "passage": "The 1980s also produced the 1985 Chicago Bears, who posted an 18–1 record under head coach Mike Ditka; colorful quarterback Jim McMahon; and Hall of Fame running back Walter Payton. Their team won Super Bowl XX in dominating fashion. The Washington Redskins and New York Giants were also top teams of this period; the Redskins won Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders).", "precise_score": 1.157776117324829, "rough_score": -1.3422057628631592, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "answer": "Oakland Raiders", "passage": "The New England Patriots became the dominant team throughout the early 2000s, winning the championship three out of four years early in the decade. They would become only the second team in the history of the NFL to do so (after the 1990s Dallas Cowboys). In Super Bowl XXXVI, first-year starting quarterback Tom Brady led his team to a 20–17 upset victory over the St. Louis Rams. Brady would go on to win the MVP award for this game. The Patriots also won Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX defeating the Carolina Panthers and the Philadelphia Eagles respectively. This four-year stretch of Patriot dominance was interrupted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' 48-21 Super Bowl XXXVII victory over the Oakland Raiders.", "precise_score": -2.1769070625305176, "rough_score": -4.531752586364746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "answer": "Oakland Raiders", "passage": "The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls, defeating the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders following the 1966 and 1967 seasons, respectively. The Packers were led by quarterback Bart Starr, who was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) for both games. These two championships, coupled with the Packers' NFL championships in , , and , amount to the most successful stretch in NFL History; five championships in seven years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.421621322631836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "answer": "Oakland Raiders", "passage": "The Steelers' dynasty was interrupted only by the Cowboys winning their second Super Bowl of the decade and the Oakland Raiders' Super Bowl XI win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.747338771820068, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "answer": "Los Angeles Raiders", "passage": "The NFL owners meet to make a selection on the site, usually three years prior to the event. In 2007, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell suggested that a Super Bowl might be played in London, perhaps at Wembley Stadium.[http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3065254 ESPN – Goodell says NFL to look into playing Super Bowl in London – NFL], Associated Press, ESPN, 2007-10-15. Retrieved January 26, 2009 The game has never been played in a region that lacks an NFL franchise; seven Super Bowls have been played in Los Angeles, but none since the Los Angeles Raiders and Los Angeles Rams relocated to Oakland and St. Louis respectively in 1995. New Orleans, the site of the 2013 Super Bowl, invested more than $1 billion in infrastructure improvements in the years leading up to the game. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.474637031555176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "answer": "L.A. Raiders", "passage": "AFC: Buffalo vs. L.A. Raiders, 1990", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05221176147461, "source": "search", "title": "NFL Playoff Records: Team - Scoring" }, { "answer": "L.A. Raiders", "passage": "AFC: Buffalo vs. L.A. Raiders, 1990", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05221176147461, "source": "search", "title": "NFL Playoff Records: Team - Scoring" }, { "answer": "L.A. Raiders", "passage": "AFC-D: L.A. Raiders vs. Pittsburgh, 1983", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.939567565917969, "source": "search", "title": "NFL Playoff Records: Team - Scoring" }, { "answer": "Oakland Raiders", "passage": "12 1976 Oakland Raiders", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179707527160645, "source": "search", "title": "Top Ten NFL Teams of All Time - TheTopTens®" }, { "answer": "Oakland Raiders", "passage": "Wow, the 2007 Oakland Raiders are ahead of the 1994 San Francisco 49ers. Why are the 2007 New England Patriots number two? They didn't win the Super Bowl so they can't be one of the greatest teams ever. The greatest teams finish the deal and they couldn't. Why are the 1984 San Francisco 49ers so low as well? I have three 49er teams in my top ten, yet I only see the 1989 squad. - SgtPeppersz196715", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.428282260894775, "source": "search", "title": "Top Ten NFL Teams of All Time - TheTopTens®" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tom Watson", "passage": "Carnoustie Golf Links is one of the venues in The Open Championship's rotation. The course first played host to The Open in 1931, when it was won by Tommy Armour of the USA. Subsequent winners have included Henry Cotton of England in 1937, Ben Hogan of the USA in 1953, Gary Player of South Africa in 1968, Tom Watson of the USA in 1975, Paul Lawrie of Scotland in 1999 and Pádraig Harrington of Ireland in 2007. ", "precise_score": 6.919589519500732, "rough_score": 6.247165203094482, "source": "wiki", "title": "Carnoustie" }, { "answer": "Tom Watson", "passage": "Most mere mortals take a while to learn the nuances of links golf, but not Tom Watson, who, like Ben Hogan some 22 years before, arrived at Carnoustie in 1975 never having played a links course in his life but left with The Open title in his grasp.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.09981107711792, "source": "search", "title": "The Open Championship - Carnoustie Golf Links" }, { "answer": "Tom Watson", "passage": "Carnoustie has long been recognised as one of Scotland's top golf courses but owing to the lack of infrastructure in the area - few hotels and inadequate access routes - the Open had not been held over the famous Tayside links since 1975. On that occasion Tom Watson won the first of his five Open titles and for many years it looked as if he would be the last “Carnoustie champion”. However with the necessary improvements made, the tournament was to return to what many consider the hardest of all Open venues in 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6443527936935425, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - A Sporting Nation - Paul Lawrie wins the 1999 Open" }, { "answer": "Tom Watson", "passage": "He became the first Scotsman to win an Open on Scottish soil since Tommy Armour in 1931 at Carnoustie. Still, Lawrie is an exception to the established champions Carnoustie has produced - Armour, Henry Cotton, Hogan, Gary Player and Tom Watson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.508209228515625, "source": "search", "title": "Paul Lawrie wins British Open - USA Today" } ]

[ { "answer": "1981 & 1984", "passage": "* Only horse to win the Arlington Million (G1) twice - 1981 & 1984", "precise_score": 4.243151664733887, "rough_score": 6.384069919586182, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Henry (horse)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jim Thorpe", "passage": "The American Professional Football Association was founded in 1920 at a Hupmobile dealership in Canton, Ohio. Legendary athlete Jim Thorpe was elected president. It was the first league of American Football in the United States for which players were paid a salary to participate. The group of eleven teams, all but one in the Midwest, was originally less a league than an agreement not to rob other teams' players. In the early years, APFA members continued to play non-APFA teams.", "precise_score": 6.469753265380859, "rough_score": 4.758581161499023, "source": "search", "title": "National Football League - American Football Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Jim Thorpe", "passage": "On August 20, 1920, a meeting was held by representatives of the Akron Pros, Canton Bulldogs, Cleveland Indians, Rock Island Islanders and Dayton Triangles at the Jordan and Hupmobile auto showroom in Canton, Ohio. This meeting resulted in the formation of the American Professional Football Conference (APFC), a group who, according to the Canton Evening Repository, intended to \"raise the standard of professional football in every way possible, to eliminate bidding for players between rival clubs and to secure cooperation in the formation of schedules\". Another meeting held on September 17, 1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association (APFA). The league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys (now the Chicago Bears) and the Chicago Cardinals (now the Arizona Cardinals), remain. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.174507141113281, "source": "wiki", "title": "National Football League" }, { "answer": "Jim Thorpe", "passage": "On this day in 1920, seven men, including legendary all-around athlete and football star Jim Thorpe, meet to organize a professional football league at the Jordan and Hupmobile Auto Showroom in Canton, Ohio. The meeting led to the creation of the American Professional Football Conference (APFC), the forerunner to the hugely successful National Football League.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.480865478515625, "source": "search", "title": "Professional football is born - Aug 20, 1920 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Jim Thorpe", "passage": "Professional football first proved itself a viable spectator sport in the 1910s with the establishment of The Ohio League. Canton, the premiere team in the league, featured legendary decathlete and football star Jim Thorpe. From his play with the Carlisle School to his gold medal in the decathlon in Stockholm in 1912 and his time in the outfield with John McGraw’s New York Giants, Thorpe was an international star who brought legitimacy to professional football. The crowds that Thorpe and the Canton team drew created a market for professional football in Ohio and beyond. Still, the league was struggling due to escalating player salaries, a reliance on college players who then had to forfeit their college eligibility and a general lack of organization.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.669746398925781, "source": "search", "title": "Professional football is born - Aug 20, 1920 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Jim Thorpe", "passage": "On August 20, 1920, the owners of four Ohio League teams–the Akron Pros, Canton Bulldogs, Cleveland Indians and Dayton Triangles–met to form a new professional league. Jim Thorpe was nominated as president of the new league, as it was hoped Thorpe’s fame would help the league to be taken seriously. On September 17, the league met again, changing its short-lived name to the American Professional Football Association (APFA) and officially electing Jim Thorpe as the league’s first president.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1577333211898804, "source": "search", "title": "Professional football is born - Aug 20, 1920 - HISTORY.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "Jockey Steve Cauthen, who rode Affirmed in 1978, on hand to watch American Pharoah win Triple Crown", "precise_score": 8.85547161102295, "rough_score": 8.882909774780273, "source": "search", "title": "Affirmed jockey Cauthen watches American Pharoah from ..." }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "Steve Cauthen is at Belmont Park on Saturday and witnesses the first Triple Crown winner since he rode Affirmed to the rare feat in 1978. ", "precise_score": 7.835060119628906, "rough_score": 8.443273544311523, "source": "search", "title": "Affirmed jockey Cauthen watches American Pharoah from ..." }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "From left, Steve Cauthen, who rode Affirmed to the Triple Crown in 1978, Billy Turner, trainer of 1977 Triple Crown winner Seattle Slew, and Penny Chenery, the owner of 1973 Triple Crown winner Secretariat, all hope American Pharoah breaks the Triple Crown drought.", "precise_score": 8.456482887268066, "rough_score": 8.436319351196289, "source": "search", "title": "'It's time for another Triple Crown winner' - Baltimore Sun" }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "From left, Steve Cauthen, who rode Affirmed to the Triple Crown in 1978, Billy Turner, trainer of 1977 Triple Crown winner Seattle Slew, and Penny Chenery, the owner of 1973 Triple Crown winner Secretariat, all hope American Pharoah breaks the Triple Crown drought.", "precise_score": 8.456482887268066, "rough_score": 8.436319351196289, "source": "search", "title": "'It's time for another Triple Crown winner' - Baltimore Sun" }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "Affirmed on the inside, Steve Cauthen up, wins the Belmont Stakes and the Triple Crown, ahead of Alydar, Jorge Velasquez up, on June 10, 1978. Affirmed is the last horse to sweep all three races.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.045418739318848, "source": "search", "title": "Affirmed jockey Cauthen watches American Pharoah from ..." }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "Steve Cauthen was all of 18 years old in 1978, an age when most teenagers are headed to the prom. Cauthen ditched his tux in favor of racing tights, climbed aboard Affirmed and rode to Triple Crown glory after a scintillating, neck-and-neck battle with Alydar, the only other horse that mattered that day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.960794925689697, "source": "search", "title": "Affirmed jockey Cauthen watches American Pharoah from ..." }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "In his third race, the Great American Stakes, Affirmed tasted defeat for the first time, running second to Alydar, and the famous rivalry began. After crossing the country to win the July 23 Hollywood Juvenile by seven lengths, Affirmed returned east for Saratoga's Sanford Stakes on August 17. Steve Cauthen had the mount on Affirmed for the first time, and the pair won easily from the Olden Times colt Tilt Up.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4227765798568726, "source": "search", "title": "Affirmed: 1978 Triple Crown Winner - spiletta.com" }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "In a muddy Champagne Stakes, Alydar took vengeance for the last two races, sneaking up on Affirmed, who was distracted by Darby Creek Road, and beating him by 1 1/4 lengths. Said Steve Cauthen:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.7653350830078125, "source": "search", "title": "Affirmed: 1978 Triple Crown Winner - spiletta.com" }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "In the Santa Anita Derby Affirmed beat Balzac by eight lengths, and only the Hollywood Derby remained before the trip to Churchill Downs. Since Alydar was wintering on the east coast, Affirmed had very little competition, and he got into the habit of playing when he was in the lead, which worried trainer Laz Barrera. Playing games with Darby Creek Road had cost Affirmed the Champagne Stakes the year before, and the trainer told Steve Cauthen to use his whip and try to wake the horse up in the Hollywood Derby. Following the orders, The Kid hit Affirmed twelve times in the stretch run, but the bored and slightly lazy horse ignored him completely, winning by only two lengths. When Affirmed went back east to meet Alydar once again, he proved that his trainer had worried in vain, beating his rival in all three hard fought classics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.599188327789307, "source": "search", "title": "Affirmed: 1978 Triple Crown Winner - spiletta.com" }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "\"He was basically the best horse I ever rode, the most intelligent,\" said Steve Cauthen, who was 18 when he guided Affirmed to the Triple Crown. \"He was just a horse of tremendous courage. He loved to race. He was a great horse to ride.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.218341827392578, "source": "search", "title": "Triple Crown Winner Affirmed Euthanized - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "Should the bay colt succeed Saturday, former jockey Steve Cauthen hopes it's a breakout win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12142562866211, "source": "search", "title": "'It's time for another Triple Crown winner' - Baltimore Sun" }, { "answer": "Steve Cauthen", "passage": "“After the Belmont, Affirmed was dead tired,” recalls Steve Cauthen, his celebrated rider in those races. “Since then I’ve heard that he had a low-grade chest or something, that Laz wasn’t telling me about, because he didn’t want me to lose any confidence going into the Belmont.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.307577610015869, "source": "search", "title": "Affirmed and Alydar's Travers showdown still rouses ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "The obvious team that comes to mind is the 1998 Minnesota Vikings. This 15-1 team would be in the discussion for greatest team in NFL history had they taken care of business in the playoffs. ", "precise_score": -5.490232467651367, "rough_score": -10.398372650146484, "source": "search", "title": "NFL Rankings: Top 10 Teams to Lose the Super Bowl ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "4. 1969 Minnesota Vikings", "precise_score": -4.896392822265625, "rough_score": -11.067472457885742, "source": "search", "title": "NFL Rankings: Top 10 Teams to Lose the Super Bowl ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "18 — 1975 Minnesota Vikings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.169405937194824, "source": "search", "title": "NFL's greatest teams to not win the Super Bowl: 1-20 | FOX ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "18a. — 2009 Minnesota Vikings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348077774047852, "source": "search", "title": "NFL's greatest teams to not win the Super Bowl: 1-20 | FOX ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "5 — 1998 Minnesota Vikings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369771003723145, "source": "search", "title": "NFL's greatest teams to not win the Super Bowl: 1-20 | FOX ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota Vikings", "passage": "4 — 1969 Minnesota Vikings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.112037658691406, "source": "search", "title": "NFL's greatest teams to not win the Super Bowl: 1-20 | FOX ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Jim Courier", "passage": "ITV Sport holds broadcasting rights to show the French Open tennis tournaments until 2018. The bulk of the daily coverage is broadcast on ITV4 although both singles finals plus other weekend matches are shown on ITV1. John Inverdale hosts the coverage. Commentators include Jim Courier, Amélie Mauresmo, Sam Smith, Mark Petchey, Nick Mullins and Fabrice Santoro.", "precise_score": -4.529998779296875, "rough_score": -8.049544334411621, "source": "wiki", "title": "French Open" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bold Arrangement", "passage": "It is certainly a lot more tempting than when Newmarket trainer Clive Brittain saddled Tony Richards' Bold Arrangement for a gallant second to Ferdinand in the 1986 Kentucky Derby. No gilt-edged carrot was dangled in front of the pioneering Brittain and his adventurous owner; they did all the hard work themselves.", "precise_score": 3.294693946838379, "rough_score": 2.351149559020996, "source": "search", "title": "Trainers rising to the Challenge: Horse Racing - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Bold Arrangement", "passage": "Trained by Clive Brittain, Bold Arrangement was the first British-trained horse to run in the Derby. Richards and Brittain prepped the Persian Bold colt for his Churchill Downs outing with a close third-place finish in the Blue Grass Stakes. He then finished second by 2 1/4 lengths to Ferdinand in Louisville, an effort that remains the closest a foreign invader has ever come to winning the Derby. Bold Arrangement also finished fifth to Skywalker in that year's Breeders' Cup Classic and 11th to Ferdinand in the following year's Classic, both times wearing Richards's distinctive yellow, black, and white silks.", "precise_score": 10.095455169677734, "rough_score": 8.08013916015625, "source": "search", "title": "Richards, owner of Bold Arrangement, dies | Daily Racing Form" }, { "answer": "Bold Arrangement", "passage": "As a yearling he was sent to the Newmarket Houghton sales where he was sold for 10,000 guineas to the trainer Clive Brittain. He entered the ownership of S. M. Threadwell and was trained by Brittain Carlburg Stable in Newmarket, Suffolk. Brittain has been regarded as a pioneer of intercontinental racing, sending Bold Arrangement to finish second in the Kentucky Derby and winning the Breeders' Cup Turf with the filly Pebbles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4395437240600586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jupiter Island (horse)" }, { "answer": "Bold Arrangement", "passage": "Richards, owner of Bold Arrangement, dies | Daily Racing Form", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417608261108398, "source": "search", "title": "Richards, owner of Bold Arrangement, dies | Daily Racing Form" }, { "answer": "Bold Arrangement", "passage": "Richards, owner of Bold Arrangement, dies", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463780403137207, "source": "search", "title": "Richards, owner of Bold Arrangement, dies | Daily Racing Form" }, { "answer": "Bold Arrangement", "passage": "British owner Tony Richards, whose Bold Arrangement narrowly missed winning the Kentucky Derby in 1986, died Wednesday at the age of 80.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3600175380706787, "source": "search", "title": "Richards, owner of Bold Arrangement, dies | Daily Racing Form" } ]

[ { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "Éric Navet (born 9 May 1959) is a French equestrian and Olympic medalist. He was born in Bayeux. He won a bronze medal in show jumping at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.", "precise_score": 6.261366367340088, "rough_score": 7.377720832824707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Éric Navet" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "France dominated in the show jumping arena at these inaugural FEI World Equestrian Games™ in Stockholm, where Eric Navet claimed the individual honours and joined team-mates Hubert Bourdy, Roger-Yves Bost and Pierre Durand to take the team title.", "precise_score": 4.557744979858398, "rough_score": 5.329662799835205, "source": "search", "title": "WEG 1990 The Sport | FEI History Hub" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "1986 : the second National Show Jumping Competition became part of the French Show Jumping Championships.", "precise_score": -5.66948127746582, "rough_score": -4.824161529541016, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show jumper", "passage": "Eric’s father, Alain, was a powerful force in Eric’s life, shaping his career as a horseman and show jumper almost from the start. Alain, also an international show jumper, was Eric’s only trainer. But after his junior years were complete, the technical aspects of the sport were progressing very quickly. The courses were more technical, fences were much lighter, and Alain didn’t feel he had the expertise to bring Eric to the new way of the sport.", "precise_score": -0.8495811820030212, "rough_score": -5.317589282989502, "source": "search", "title": "Sidelines Magazine – Meant To Be" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "His professional accolades include seven French National titles and selection for the French Olympic show jumping team in 1984, 1992 and 2004. With Quito de Baussy, Eric earned double Gold medals for individual and team in the 1990 World Equestrian Games in Stockholm, Sweden, a team Bronze medal at the 1992 Olympic games in Barcelona, Spain, and was the European Champion in 1991. He earned a team Bronze medal in 1993 at the European Championships and in 1994 he received a team Silver medal at the World Equestrian Games in The Hague, Netherlands. In 1998 he won a team Silver medal at the World Equestrian Games in Rome, Italy, with his mount Atout d’Isigny and in 2002 he earned team Gold and individual Silver medals at the World Equestrian Games in Jerez, Spain, with Dollar du Murier. These are just a few in a long list of successes recorded against his name.", "precise_score": 5.694567680358887, "rough_score": 3.438816785812378, "source": "search", "title": "Sidelines Magazine – Meant To Be" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "Four nations will be represented in the final four as show jumping concludes at the World Equestrian Games. Eric Navet of France, Peter Wylde of the U.S., Helena Lundback of Sweden, and Dermott Lennon of Ireland will compete.", "precise_score": 1.151251196861267, "rough_score": 2.98341965675354, "source": "search", "title": "Final Four WEG Show Jumpers | EquiSearch" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "Alain Navait, the father of former world champion Eric Navet (left) from France, died at the age of 91. Alain Navet himself also was an international show jumping rider in ancient times. He just missed out the Olympic Games of Tokyo due to a collarbone fracture. In the breeding Alain Navet was even more influential. His son Eric Navet won the World Championship in Stockholm 1990 on the homebred stallion Quito de Baussy.", "precise_score": 6.819950103759766, "rough_score": 7.350516319274902, "source": "search", "title": "Sometimes You Win, Sometimes You Lose - Equestrian News" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "For more than 25 years, the Franconville Show Jumping Competition has featured among the most important French competitions. Its conviviality and the professionalism of its organisation are recognized by everyone. The competition was created in 1985, and since then it has occupied an important place in the equestrian world. Over the years it has become a major event on the International or National show jumping calendar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.257887840270996, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "1985 : creation of the Franconville Show Jumping Competition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.62755298614502, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "1987 : the Show Jumping Competition was titled and received the C.S.I. classification (Concours de Saut International – International Show Jumping Competition).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.312835693359375, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "1988 : with Cannes, Dinard, Strasbourg and Grenoble, Franconville was included in the 1 st French International circuit bringing together 5 major international show jumping competitions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.754302024841309, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "1991 : the Franconville Show Jumping Competition changed site. The 50 acres of the Bois des Eboulures have hosted the competition since then.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.007330894470215, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "1993 : the competition was a national show jumping event, with 11 classes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.102927207946777, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "1994 : the Franconville Show Jumping Competition celebrated ten years of uncontested success.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.370049476623535, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "From 2003 to 2007 : the 9 classes of the National PRO 1-level Show Jumping Competition brought together the best French riders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.562479972839355, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "In 2006, the S.O.C.I.F (Société d'Organisation du Concours International de Franconville -Organisers of the Franconville International Show Jumping Competition) was awarded the  A.C.S.O.F (Association des cavaliers de saut d'obstacles français – French Show Jumping Riders Association) Trophy as the 2nd leading French PRO 1-level competition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.284524917602539, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "2007 : the 9 classes of the National Show Jumping Competition brought together the best French riders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.69422721862793, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "2008 : a four star international show jumping competition was organised, of which the Grand Prix was a qualifier for the Beijing Olympic Games and the 2009 Senior European Championships", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31949234008789, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "2012 : Organisation of a 3-star international show jumping competition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352450370788574, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "2000 : an exceptional year for the International Show Jumping Competition. Olivier Jouanneteau won the Grand Prix.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.857840538024902, "source": "search", "title": "History and results - Jumping - Jumping international ..." }, { "answer": "Show jumper", "passage": "Today, Eric lives in Encinitas, California. The extraordinary show jumper has come to California to work with young Grand Prix rider Karl Cook and his string of winning horses. Eric and Karl met through a mutual friend and former client, Ali Nilforushian. Eric had trained Ali and his horses during Ali’s successful run up to the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.525260925292969, "source": "search", "title": "Sidelines Magazine – Meant To Be" }, { "answer": "Showjumping", "passage": "Dermott Lennon, a cattle farmer's son from County Down, who only began his international career in 1999, yesterday produced an exhibition of superb horsemanship in Spain to become the first Irish rider to win the World Individual Showjumping Championship.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.028854370117188, "source": "search", "title": "Equestrianism: Lennon ends Ireland's wait - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Showjumping", "passage": "Lennon's rise to the top of showjumping began in spectacular style when, in his first season with the Irish team, he jumped a double clear in the German Nations Cup in Aachen, and he has continued in triumphant mood since then, winning the Modena Grand Prix and helping Ireland take the European Team Championship in Arnhem last year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.597522735595703, "source": "search", "title": "Equestrianism: Lennon ends Ireland's wait - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "Archery World Champions U.S. Men -- Ed Eliason, Stansbury Park, Utah. U.S. Women -- Denise Parker, South Jordan, Utah. U.S. Indoor Champions Men -- Ed Eliason. Women -- Denise Parker. Auto Racing Formula One -- Ayrton Senna, Brazil, McLaren-Honda. World Sports Prototype -- Jean-Louis Schlesser, France, and Mauro Baldi, Italy, Sauber Mercedes. CART PPG-Indy Car -- Al Unser Jr., Albuquerque, N.M. Nascar Winston Cup -- Dale Earnhardt, Mooresville, N.C. S.C.C.A. Trans-Am -- Tommy Kendall. Indianapolis 500 -- Arie Luyendyk, Holland. Daytona 500 -- D. Cope, Spanaway, Wa. LeMans 24 Hours -- John Nielsen, Denmark, Price Cobb, Evergreen, Co., Martin Brundle, Britain. IMSA Camel G.T. -- Geoff Brabham, Electramotive Nissan. N.H.R.A. Top Fuel -- Joe Amato, Old Forge, Pa. N.H.R.A. Funny Car -- John Force, Yorba Linda, Calif. N.H.R.A. Pro Stock -- Darrell Alderman, Fairfield, Ill. Badminton U.S. Champions Men's singles-- Chris Jogis, Manhattan Beach, Calif. Women's singles -- Linda Safarik-Tong, Berkeley, Calif. World Champions Thomas Cup (World Men's Team) -- China. Uber Cup (World Women's Team) -- China. Baseball World Series Cincinnati defeated Oakland. American League -- East: Boston Red Sox; West: Oakland. National League -- East: Pittsburgh Pirates; West: Cincinnati. All-Star Game -- A.L. d. N.L., 2-0. M.V.P.'s -- A.L. -- Rickey Henderson, Oakland N.L. -- Barry Bonds, Pittsburgh. Leading Batters, A.L. -- George Brett, Kansas City, .329. N.L. -- Willie McGee, St. Louis, .335. Runs Batted In, A.L. -- Cecil Fielder, Detroit, 132. N.L. -- Matt Williams, San Francisco, 122. Home Runs, A.L. -- Cecil Fielder, 51. N.L. -- Ryne Sandberg, Chicago, 40. Stolen Bases, A.L. -- Rickey Henderson, Oakland, 65. N.L. -- Vince Coleman, St. Louis, 77. E.R.A., A.L. -- Roger Clemens, Boston, 1.93. N.L. -- Danny Darwin, Houston, 2.21. Saves, A.L. -- Bobby Thigpen, Chicago, 57. N.L. -- John Franco, Mets, 33. Cy Young, A.L. -- Bob Welch, Oakland. N.L. -- Doug Drabek, Pittsburgh. A.L. Rookie -- Sandy Alomar Jr., Cleveland. N.L. Rookie -- Dave Justice, Atlanta. N.C.A.A. Division I -- Georgia. N.C.A.A. Division II -- Jacksonville State. N.C.A.A. Division III -- Eastern Connecticut State. N.A.I.A. -- Lewis Clark St., Idaho. Little League -- Taipei, Taiwan. Basketball N.B.A. Team -- Detroit Pistons. M.V.P. -- Magic Johnson, L.A. Lakers. Rookie of the Year -- David Robinson, San Antonio. Scoring -- Michael Jordan, Chicago, 33.6. Rebounds -- Akeem Olajuwon, Houston, 14.0. Assists -- John Stockton, Utah, 14.5. Blocked Shots -- Akeem Olajuwon, Houston, 4.59. Coach of the Year -- Pat Riley, L.A. Lakers. N.C.A.A. Men's Division I -- U.N.L.V. Division II -- Kentucky Wesleyan. Division III -- University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y. Women's Division I -- Stanford. Division II -- Delta State University. Division III -- Hope College, Holland, Michigan. Other College Champions N.A.I.A. -- Birmingham-Southern (Alabama). Mary's of Texas. N.A.I.A. Women -- SW Oklahoma. N.I.T. -- Vanderbilt. National Jr. College -- Connors St. College (Warner, Okla.). Divison II -- Community College of Allegheny, Pittsburgh, Pa. Biathlon U.S. Champions Men's 10k -- John Ingdal, Minneapolis. Men's 20k -- Josh Thompson, Gunnison, Colo. Women's 7.5k -- Mary Ostergren, Norwich, Vt. Women's 15k -- Pam Nordheim, Bozeman, Mont. Billiards World Champions Men's 9-ball: E. Strickland, Greensboro, N.C. Women's 9-ball -- Robin Bell, Costa Mesa, Calif. 3-cushion -- Ludo Dielis, Belgium. Snooker -- Stephen Hendry, England. Women's Open -- Robin Bell. Bobsledding World Champions World 2-man -- Driver -- Gustav Weder, Switzerland. World 4-man -- Driver -- Gustav Weder. Overall World Cup 2-man -- Driver -- Christian Schebitz, Germany. Overall World Cup 4-man -- Driver -- Chris Lori, Canada. Bowling P.B.A. Tour Seagram's Coolers U.S. Open -- Ron Palombi, Erie, Pa. Firestone Tournament of Champions -- Dave Ferraro, Kingston, N.Y. P.B.A. National Championship -- Jim Pencak, Mayfield Heights, Ohio. Touring Players Championship -- Duane Fisher, Gloucester Township, N.J. L.P.B.T. Seagram's Coolers U.S. Open -- Dana Miller-Mackie, Albuquerque, N.M. Sam's Town Invitational -- Wendy Macpherson, Panorama City, Calif. W.I.B.C. Queens -- Patty Ann, Appleton, Wis. A.B.C. Singles -- Bob Hochrein, Dubukue, Iowa. Doubles -- Bob Ujvari, Tonawanda, N.Y., Mike Neumann, Tonawanda, N.Y. Events -- Mike Neumann. Team All Events -- Brunswick Rhinos, Tonawanda, N.Y. Regular Team -- Tie -- Brunswick Rhinos., and State Farm-Lou Magic Agency, Detroit, Mich. Masters Tournament -- Chris Warren, Dallas. Boxing Heavyweight -- Evander Holyfield, Atlanta, W.B.A., W.B.C., I.B.F. Cruiserweight -- Robert Daniels, Miami, Fla., W.B.A.; Massimiliano Duran (Italy), W.B.C.; Jeff Lampkin, Youngstown, Ohio, I.B.F. Light Heavyweight -- Virgil Hill, Grand Forks, N.D., W.B.A.; Dennis Andries, Detroit, Mich., W.B.C.; Charles Williams, Grand Rapids, Mich., I.B.F. Super Middleweight -- Christopher Tiozzo, France, W.B.A.; Mauro Galvano, Italy, Lindell Holmes, Toledo, Ohio, I.B.F. Middleweight -- Mike McCallum, Brooklyn, N.Y., W.B.A.; Julian Jackson, Virgin Islands, W.B.C.; Michael Nunn, N. Hollywood, Calif.; I.B.F. Junior Middleweight -- W.B.A. title is vacant; Terry Norris, Campo, Calif., W.B.C.; Gianfranco Rossi, Italy, I.B.F.. Welterweight -- Aaron Davis, Bronx, N.Y.; W.B.A.; Maurice Blocker, Washington, D.C., W.B.C.; Simon Brown, Washington, D.C., I.B.F. Junior Welterweight -- Loreto Garza, Sacramento, Calif., W.B.A.; Julio Cesar Chavez, Mexico, W.B.C.; Julio Cesar Chavez, I.B.F. Lightweight -- Pernell Whitaker, Norfolk, Va., W.B.A.; Pernell Whitaker, W.B.C.; Pernell Whitaker, I.B.F. Junior Lightweight -- Brian Mitchell, South Africa, W.B.A.; Azumah Nelson, Ghana, W.B.C.; Tony Lopez, Sacramento, Calif., I.B.F. Featherweight -- Antonio Esparragoza, Venezuela, W.B.A.; Marcos Villasana, Mexico, W.B.C; Jorge Paez, Mexico, I.B.F. Junior Featherweight -- Luis Mendoza, Colombia, W.B.A.; Pedro Decima, Argentina, W.B.C.; Welcome Ncita, South Africa. Bantamweight -- Lusita Espinosa, Phillipines, W.B.A.; Raul Perez, Mexico, W.B.C.; Orlando Canizales, Laredo, Tex., I.B.F. Junior Bantamweight -- Kaosai Galaxy, Thailand, W.B.A.; Sunkil Moon, Korea, W.B.C.; Robert Quiroga, San Antonio, Tex., I.B.F. Flyweight -- Leopard Tamakuma, Japan, W.B.A.; Sot Chitalada, Thailand, W.B.C.; Dave McCauley, Ireland, I.B.F. Junior Flyweight -- Myung Woo-Yuh, Korea, W.B.A.; Humberto Gonzalez, Mexico, W.B.C.; Michael Carbajal, Phoenix, Ariz., I.B.F. Mini-Flyweight -- Bong-jun-Kim, Korea, W.B.A.; Ricardo Lopez, Mexico, W.B.C; Far-Lan Lookmingkwan, Thailand. U.S.A. A.B.F 106 lbs. -- John Herrera, Corpus Christi, Tex. 112 lbs. -- Rudolph Bradley, U.S. Army, Fort Huachuca, Ariz. 119 lbs. -- Sergio Reyes, Camp Lejeune, N.C. 125 lbs. -- Oscar DelaHoya, Los Angeles, Calif. 132 lbs. -- Shane Mosley, Pomona, Calif. 139 lbs. -- Steve Johnston, Denver, Colo. 147 lbs. -- Emmitt Linton, Tacoma, Wash. 156 lbs. -- Paul Vaden, San Diego, Calif. 165 lbs. -- Michael DeMoss, Camp Lejeune, N.C. 178 lbs. -- Jeremy Williams, Fort Dodge, Iowa. Heavyweight (200 lbs) -- Javier Alvarez, San Antonio, Texas. Super Heavyweight (201 lbs) -- Edward Escobedo, McKinney, Texas. Canoeing United States Champions Canoe: 500 Meters -- Stewart Carr, Indianapolis. Canoe: 1,000 Meters -- Stewart Carr, Indianapolis. Men's Kayak: 500M -- Mark Zollitsch, Newport Beach, Calif. Men's Kayak: 1,000M -- Chris Ball, Irvine, Calif. Women's Kayak: 500M -- Cathy Marino, Huntington Beach, Calif. World Champions Canoe: 500 Meters -- Mikhail Slivinsky, Soviet Union. Canoe: 1,000M -- Ivan Klementiev, Soviet Union. Men's Kayak: 500M -- Sergei Kalesnik, Soviet Union. Men's Kayak: 1,000M -- Knut Holmann, Norway. Men's Kayak: 10,000M -- Philippe Boccara, France. Women's Kayak: 500M -- Josefa Idem, Italy. Preworld Slalom Canoe -- Gareth Marriott, Britain. Men's Slalom Kayak -- Ian Wiley, Ireland. Preworld Women's Slalom Kayak -- Cathy Hearn, Lime Rock, Conn. Casting United States Champions Men's All-Round -- Steve Rajeff, Portland, Ore. Men's All-Accuracy -- Steve Rajeff, Portland, Ore. Women's All-Accuracy -- Brenda Banks, Toronto. Court Tennis World-- Wayne Davies, New York. U.S. Open -- Wayne Davies, New York. U.S. Open doubles -- Peter Meares and Robert Faye, Australia. U.S. Amateur -- Morris Clothier, Philadelphia. U.S. Amateur doubles -- Randy Jones, New York, and Morris Clothier, Philadelphia. Cricket World Champion -- The Ashes: Australia Cross-Country Men's World Champions -- Khalid Skah, Morocco. Women: Lynn Jennings, Newmarket, N.H. Men's World Junior: Kipyego Kororia, Kenya. Women's World Junior: Liu Shixiang, China. United States Champions The Athletics Congress, Men -- Robert Kempainen, Minnetonka, Minnesota. Athletics Congress, Women -- Lynn Jennings, Newmarket, N.H. N.C.A.A. Team Division I -- U. of Arkansas. Division II -- Edinboro. Division III -- Wisconsin, Oshkosh. Individual Division I -- Jonah Koech, Iowa St. Division II -- Doug Hanson, North Dakota State. Division III -- Seamus McElligott, Haverford College. Women Division I Team -- Villanova. Division II Team -- California Poly State, SLO. Division III Team -- New York Cortland. Division I -- Sonia O'Sullivan, Villanova. Division II -- Callie Calhoun, Air Force. Division III -- Vickie Mitchell, New York Cortland. Curling United States Champions Men -- Steve Brown, Madison, Wis. Women -- Bev Behnke, Denver. World Champions Men -- Tommy Stjerne, Denmark. Women -- Dordi Nordby, Norway. Cycling Men's Pro Road -- Rudy Dhaenene, Belgium. Men's Amateur Road -- Mirko Gualdi, Italy. Women's Road -- Catherine Marsal, France. Men's Pro Sprint -- Michael Hubner, East Germany. Men's Amateur Sprint -- Bill Huck, East Germany. Women's Sprint -- Connie Paraskevin Young, Indianapolis. Men's Pro Pursuit -- Vyacheslav Ekimov, Soviet Union. Men's Amateur Pursuit -- Yevgeny Berzin, Soviet Union. Women's Pursuit -- Leontien Van Moorsel, Netherlands. Men's Team Pursuit -- Soviet Union. Men's Pro Points Race -- Laurent Biondi, France. Men's Amateur Points Race -- Stephen McGlede, Australia. Women's Points Race -- Karen Holliday, New Zealand. Men's Amateur 1-K Time Trial -- Aleksandr Kirichenko, Soviet Union. Men's Keirin -- Michael Hubner, East Germany. Men's Pro Motor Paced -- Walter Brugna, Italy. United States Nationals Men's Sprint -- Ken Carpenter, La Mesa, Calif. Men's Road -- Bob Mionske, Twin Lakes, Wis. Men's Time Trial -- Steve Hegg, Dana Point, Calif. Women's Time Trial -- Inga Thompson, Reno, Nev. Men's Criterium -- Jim Copeland, Cary, N.C. Women's Criterium -- Karen Bliss, Quakertown, Pa. Men's Overall Mountain Bike -- Ned Overend, Durango, Colo. Women's Overall Mountain Bike: Susan DeMattei, Truckee, Calif. Tour de France -- Greg LeMond, Wayzata, Minn. U.S. Pro Road -- Kurt Stockton, Santa Barbara, Calif. Tour de Trump -- Raul Alcala, Mexico. Tour of Italy -- Gianni Bugno, Italy. Darts United States Champions U.S. Open Men -- Len Heard, Poway, Calif. U.S. Open Women -- Julie Buffington, Cincinnati. North American Men -- Phil Taylor, England. North American Women -- Mandy Solomon. World Champions Men -- Paul Cook, England. Women -- Lynn Ormand, England. Diving United States Indoor Champions Men's 1 Meter -- Mark Bradshaw, Columbus, Ohio. Men's 3M -- Mark Bradshaw, Columbus, Ohio. Men's 10M -- Pat Evans, Cincinnati. Women's 1M -- Wendy Lucero, Aurora, Colo. Women's 3M -- Krista Wilson, Laguna Hills, Calif. Women's 10M -- Wendy Lian Williams, Bridgeton, Mo. United States Outdoor Champions Men's 1M -- Pat Evans, Cincinnati. Men's 3M -- Kent Ferguson, Boca Raton, Fla. Men's 10M -- Matt Scoggin, Austin, Tex. Women's 1M -- Krista Wilson, Laguna Hills, Calif. Women's 3M -- Wendy Lucero, Aurora, Colo. Women's 10M -- Wendy Lian Williams, Bridgeton, Mo. Dog Racing Greyhound Race of Champions -- Daring Don. Dog Shows Westminster, New York City -- Ch. Wendessa Crown Prince, Pekingese, Owned by Ed Jenner, Burlington, Wis. Westchester K.C., Tarrytown, N.Y. -- Ch. Brunswig's Cryptonite, Doberman pinscher, owned by Samuel Laorence, Donna Anthony and Marguerite Schmid. Santa Barbara K.C., Santa Barbara, Calif. -- Ch. Rufkin's Chip Off The Ol' Rock, Lhasa Apso, owned by Roberta Lombardi and Arlene Oley. Farmington Valley K.C., (50th Anniversary), Farmington, Ct. -- Ch. Ale Kai Agility, Standard Poodle, owned by Dr. and Mrs. William Trusdale and Daniel Jenner. Equestrian U.S. Jumping -- Joe Fargis, Southhampton, N.Y. U.S. Dressage -- Robert Dover, Lebanon, N.J. World Champions World Jumping -- Eric Navet, France. World Dressage -- Nicole Uphoff, West Germany. World Three-Day -- Blyth Tait, New Zealand. World Endurance -- Becky Hart, Los Gatos, Calif. World Driving -- Ad (CQ) Aarts, Netherlands. World Team Jumping -- France. World Team Three-Day -- New Zealand. World Team Endurance -- Great Britain. World Team Driving -- Netherlands. World Cup Jumping -- John Whitaker, Britain. European Jumping -- John Whitaker, Britain. Fencing Men's World Champions Foil: Philippe Omnes, France. Saber -- Gyorgy Nebald, Hungary. Epee -- Thomas Gerull, West Germany. Team Foil -- Italy. Team Saber: Soviet Union. Team Epee: Italy. Women Foil -- Anja Fichtel, West Germany. Epee -- Taimi Chappe, Cuba. Team Foil -- Italy. Team Epee -- West Germany. U.S.F.A. Champions Foil -- Michael Marx, Michigan City, Indiana. Epee -- Robert Stull, San Antonio. Saber -- Bob Cottingham, Orange, N.J. Women's Foil -- Jennifer Yu, East Palo Alto, Calif. Epee -- Donna Stone, Lincoln Park, N.J. Under 20 (Juniors) Men's Foil -- Christopher Maggos, New York, N.Y. Epee -- Matt Andresen, Chapel Hill, N.C. Saber -- Stephen Kovacs, Hampton, N.J. Women's Foil -- Felicia Zimmermann, Rush, N.Y. Epee -- Lisa Posthumus, San Jose, Calif. Team Men's Foil -- New York Fencers Club. Epee -- U.S. Modern Pentathlon Association. Saber -- New York Fencers Club. Women's Foil -- New York Fencers Club. Epee -- Salle Auriol. College Champions Men Foil -- Nick Bravin, Stanford. Epee -- Jubba Beshin, Notre Dame. Saber -- David Mandell, Columbia. Team -- Penn State. Women Foil -- Tzu Moy, Columbia (Barnard). Field Hockey N.C.A.A. Women Division I -- Old Dominion. Division III- Trenton State. United States 7th Women's World Cup -- The Netherlands. Figure Skating World Champions Men -- Kurt Browning, Canada. Women -- Jill Trenary, Colorado Springs, Colo. Pairs -- Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergie Grinkov, U.S.S.R. Dance -- Marina Klimova and Sergie Ponomarenko, U.S.S.R. United States Champions Men -- Todd Eldredge, South Chathamm Mass. Women -- Jill Trenary, Colorado Springs, Colo. Pairs -- Kristi Yamaguchi, Freemont, and Rudi Golindo, San Jose, Calif. Dance -- Susan Wynne Camillus, N.Y. and Joseph Druar, Amherst, N.Y. Football Professional National Football League Super Bowl -- San Francisco d. Denver Broncos. Canadien Football League Grey Cup -- Winnipeg Blue Bombers d. Edmonton Eskimos. N.C.A.A. Heisman Trophy -- Ty Detmer, B.Y.U. Maxwell Trophy -- Ty Detmer. Lombardi Trophy -- Chris Zorich, Notre Dame. Outland Trophy -- Russell Maryland, Miami. Division I-AA -- Georgia Southern. Division II -- North Dakota State. Division III -- Allegheny (Pa.). N.A.I.A. Division I -- Central State (Ohio). N.A.I.A. Division II -- Peru State (Nebraska). Frisbee United States Open Men's Overall -- Stefan Karlsson, Sweden Women's Overall -- Amy Bekken, San Diego. Golf Men U.S. Open -- Hale Irwin, St. Louis, Mo. Masters -- Nick Faldo, England. P.G.A. Championship -- Wayne Grady, Orlando, Fla. British Open -- Nick Faldo, England. Vardon Trophy -- Greg Norman, Lost Tree Village, Fla. Leading Money Winner -- Greg Norman, Lost Tree Village, Fla. Player of the Year -- Nick Faldo, England. The Players Championship -- Jodie Mudd, Louisville, Ky. Rookie of the Year -- Robert Gamez, Las Vegas, Nev. U.S.G.A. Public Links -- Michael Combs, Kennewick, Wash. U.S.G.A. Senior Open -- Lee Trevino, Austin, Tex. U.S.G.A. Amateur -- Phil Mickelson, San Diego, Calif. U.S.G.A. Senior Amateur -- Jackie Cummings, Tuscaloosa, Ala. U.S.G.A. Mid-Amateur -- Jim Stuart, Macon, Ga. U.S.G.A. Junior -- Mathew Todd, Vifalia, Calif. N.C.A.A. Division I Individual -- Phil Mickelson, Arizona State. Team -- Arizona St. Division II -- Bob Burns, Cal. State Northridge. Team -- Florida Southern. Division III -- Rob Pilewski, Methodist Team -- Methodist. Women U.S. Open -- Betsy King, Scotsdale, Ariz. L.P.G.A. Player of the Year -- Beth Daniel, Delray Beach, Fla. Rookie of the Year -- Hiromi Kobayashi, Japan. U.S.G.A. Public Links -- Cathy Mockett, Tulsa, Okla. U.S.G.A. Amateur -- Pat Hurst, San Leandro, Calif. U.S.G.A. Senior Amateur -- Anne Sander, Seattle. U.S.G.A. Mid Amateur -- Carol Semple Thompson, Sewickley, Pa. U.S.G.A. Junior -- Sandrine Mendiburu, France. N.C.A.A. Div. I Individual -- Susan Slaughter, Arizona. Team -- Arizona St. Gymnastics U.S. Champions U.S. Men's All-Round -- John Roethlisberger, Minneapolis. U.S. Women's All-Round -- Kim Zmeskal, 14, Houston. McDonald's American Cup Men -- Aleksandr Kolivanov, Soviet Union. McDonald's American Cup Women -- Kim Zmeskal, 14, Houston. World Champions rv6European Men's All-Around -- Valentin Mogilny, Soviet Union. European Women's All-Around -- Svetlana Boginskaya, Soviet Union. Goodwill Games Men's Team -- Soviet Union. Women's Team -- Soviet Union. Men's All-Around -- Vitaly Scherbo, Soviet Union. Women's All-Around -- Natalya Kalinina, Soviet Union. N.C.A.A. Champions Men's Division I -- Nebraska. All-Around -- Mike Racanelli, Ohio St. Women -- University of Utah. All-Around -- Dee Dee Foster, University of Alabama. Handball U.S. Handball Association One-Wall Men -- Joe Durso, Brooklyn. Four-Wall Men -- Naty Alvarado, Hesperia, Calif. Women -- Anna Engele, St. Paul, Minn. Hang Gliding U.S. Championship Men -- Mark Newland, Australia. Harness Racing Triple Crown Race Winners Trotters Yonkers Trot -- Royal Troubador. Hambletonian -- Harmonious. Kentucky Futurity -- Star Mystic. Pacers Cane Pace -- Jake And Elwood. Little Brown Jug -- Beach Towel. Messenger Stakes -- Jake And Elwood. Hockey National Hockey League Stanley Cup -- Edmonton Oilers d. Boston Bruins. M.V.P. -- Bill Ranford, Edmonton. Top Defenseman -- Ray Bourque, Boston. Rookie of the Year -- Sergei Makarov, Calgary. Scoring Champion -- Wayne Gretzky, Los Angeles. Vezina Trophy -- Patrick Roy, Montreal. Goals Against Average -- Patrick Roy, 2.53. Lady Bing -- Brett Hull, St. Louis. M.V.P. -- Mark Messier, Edmonton. Coach of the Year -- Bob Murdoch, Winnipeg. Lester Patrick Trophy -- Len Ceglarski. College Division I - Wisconsin. N.C.A.A. Div. III -- Univ. of Wisconsin at Stevens Pt. E.C.A.C. Division I -- Colgate University. E.C.A.C. Women -- University of New Hampshire. Horse Racing Race Winners Breeders' Cup Juvenille -- Fly So Free. B.C. Juvenille Fillies -- Meadow Star. B.C. Mile -- Royal Academy. B.C. Distaff -- Bayakoa. B.C. Sprint -- Safely Kept. B.C. Turf -- In The Wings. B.C. Classic -- Unbridled. Arc De Triomphe -- Sumarez. Florida Derby -- Unbridled. Santa Anita Handicap -- Ruhlmann. Santa Anita Derby -- Mister Frisky. Wood Memorial -- Thirty Six Red. Kentucky Derby -- Unbridled. Preakness Stakes -- Summer Squall. Belmont Stakes -- Go Easy Goer. Epsom Derby -- Quest For fame. Irish Derby -- Salsabil. Haskill Invitational -- Restless Con. Travers Stakes -- Rhythm. Arlington Million -- Golden Pheasant. Jockey Club Gold Cup -- Flying Continental. Horseshoe Pitching World Champions Men -- Jim Knisely, Bremen, Ohio. Women -- Tari Powell, Rankin, Ill. Horse Shows U.S.E.T. Dressage -- Robert Dover, Lebanon, N.J., riding Walzertakt. Dressage World Cup -- Sven Rothenberger, West Germany, riding Andiamo U.S.E.T. Three-Day Event -- (Spring) David O'Connor, Upperville, Va. riding Wilton Fair (Fall) Charles Plumb, Sherborn, Mass, riding Landino. U.S.E.T. Show Jumping Championship -- Michael Matz, Collegeville, Pa., riding Heisman. World Cup Show Jumping -- John Whitaker, Great Britain, riding Henderson Milton. A.G.A. Rider of the Year -- Hap Hansen, Encinitas, Calif. Iceboating World Champions D.N. Class -- Wladislav Stefanowicz, Poland. U.S. DN Class (combined with North American European DN CLass) -- Andreas Bock, West Germany. North American DN Class -- Henry Bossett, Point Pleasant Beach, N.J. Judo U.S. Men's Champions Heavyweight -- Douglas Nelson, Englewood, N.J. Open -- Damon Keeve, San Francisco. U.S Women's Champions Heavyweight -- Carol Scheid, Nevado, Idaho. Open -- Grace Jividen, Colorada Springs, Colo. Karate Men's U.S. Champions Advanced Mandatory Kata -- Joseph Talerico, Brooklyn, N.Y. Advanced Kata -- Brian Hobson, Hampton, Va. 35 and Over Advanced Kata -- Chor Tan, Los Angeles, Calif. Illinois. 45 and Over Advanced Kata -- William Carlo, San Diego, Calif. Advanced Weapons -- Greg Scythes, Ironton, Ohio. 35 and Over Advanced Weapons -- Kimio Nelson, Warren, Pa. 45 and Over Advanced Weapons -- Ronald L. Donahue, Milford Center, Ohio. Women's U.S. Champions Advanced Mandatory Kata -- Mimi Tang, Bellevue, Washington. Advanced Kata -- Stephanie Buckner, Hamilton, Ohio. 35 and Over Advanced Kata -- Hiroyo Ringler, Cardington, Ohio. 45 and Over Advanced Kata -- Jacqueline Long, Yorba Linda, Calif. Advanced Weapons -- Cheryl Suzuki, Santa Ana, Calif. 35 and Over Advanced Weapons -- Hiroyo Cardington, Ohio. 45 and Over Advanced Weapons -- Jacqueline Long, Yorba Linda, Calif. Sparring (Kumite) Men's Champions Advanced Open -- Ted Hunt, Huntington, Beach, Calif. 60K -- Willie Shternfeld, Brooklyn, N.Y. 65 -- Derek Ochai, Vestal, N.Y. 70 -- Don Jose, Lathrop, Calif. 75 -- Brett Homann, Valporaiso, Ind. 80 -- Dale Beam, Mt. Gilead, Ohio. Over 80 -- Johnny Linebarger, Tucson, Ariz. 35 and Over Advanced Kumite -- Antonio Resende, New Bedford, Mass. 45 and Over Advanced KUmite -- Ronald L. Donahue, Milford Center, Ohio. Women's Champions 53 Kgs -- Stephanie Buckner, Hamilton, Ohio. 60 -- Tracey Day, Selden, N.Y. Over 60 -- Tasha Wallace, Columbus, Ohio. 35 and Over Advanced Kumite -- Hiroyo Ringler, Cardington, Ohio. 45 and Over Advanced Kumite -- Patricia Wright, Newark, Ohio. Lacrosse N.C.A.A. Division I -- Syracuse. Division III -- Hobart. Women Division I -- Harvard. Women Division III -- Ursinus. N.J.C.A.A. -- Nassau Community College. U.S. Club -- Mount Washington, Baltimore. Major Indoor League -- Philadelphia Wings Luge U.S. Champions Men -- Jon Owen, Bethel, Maine. Women -- Bonny Warner, Mount Baldy, Calif. World Champions Men -- Georg Hackl, West Germany. Women -- Susi Erdmann, East Germany. Men's doubles -- Stefan Krausse and Jan Behrendt, East Germany. World Cup Men -- Georg Hackl, West Germany. North American Men -- Jon Owen, Bethel, Maine. North American Women -- Cynthea Wight, Lake Placid, N.Y. Marathon New York men -- Douglas Wakiihuri, Kenya. New York women -- Wanda Panfil, Poland. Boston Men -- Gelindo Bordin, Italy. Boston Women -- Rosa Mota, Portugal. European Men -- Gelindo Bordin, Italy. European Women -- Rosa Mota, Portugal. Modern Pentathlon United States Men -- Rob Stull, San Antonio, Tex. Women -- Lori Norwood, Bryan, Tex. World Champions Men -- Gianluca Tiberta, Italy. Women -- Eva Fjedllerup, Denmark. Men's team -- Soviet Union. Women's team -- Poland. Motorboating A.P.B.A. Unlimited Hydroplanes Gold Cup Champion -- Miss Budweiser, Tom D'Eath, Fairhaven, Mich. National Champion -- Miss Circus Circus, Chip Hanauer of Seattle. Offshore Powerboats World Superboat Champion -- Spirit of the Amazon, Eike Batista, Brazil. National Superboat Champion -- Popeyes/diet coke, Chuck Norris, Tarzana, Calif. Motorcycle Racing World Champions Road Race 250 cc -- Alfonso Pons, Spain. 500 cc -- Eddie Lawson, Upland, Calif. World Superbike -- Fred Merkel, Italy Motocross Des Nations -- United States. 500 cc -- Jeff Ward, San Juan Capistrano. 250 cc -- Jeff Stanton, Sherwood, Missouri. 125 cc -- Mike Kiedrowski, Canyon Country, Calif. A.M.A. National Champions Road Race Superbike -- Jamie James, Denham Springs, Los Angeles. 250 Grand Prix -- John Kocinski, Modesto, Calif. Pro Twins Grand Prix -- Randy Renfrow, Fredricksburg, Va. Pro Twins Modified -- Kevin Erion, Los Angeles. Motocross 500 cc -- Jeff Ward, San Juan Capistrano, Calif. 250 cc -- Jeff Stanton, Sherwood, Mi. 125 cc -- Mike Kiedrowski, Canyon Country, Calif. Supercross 250 cc -- Jeff Stanton, Sherwood, Missouri. 125 cc Eastern Region -- Damon Bradshaw, Charlotte, N.C. 125 cc Western Region -- Jeff Matiasevich, LaHabra Heights, Calif. Dirt Track Camel Pro National -- Scott Parker, Swartz Creek, Michigan. 600 cc National -- Chris Carr, Manteca, Calif. Junior National -- Mike Hale, Carrollton, Tex. Hillclimb 540 cc National -- Greg Williams, Mark ham, Ontario. 800 cc National -- Jeff Yoder, Goshen, Ind. Speedway U.S. Speedway National -- Bobby Schwartz, Costa Mesa, Calif. Orienteering World Men's Ski -- Anders Bjorkman, Sweden. World Women's Ski -- Ragnhild Bratberg, Norway. Paddleball One-Wall P.P.P.A. Division A Men's Singles -- Robert Sostre, Bronx, N.Y. Men's Doubles -- Robert Sostre and Arsenio Rondon, Bronx, N.Y. Mixed Doubles -- Robert Sostre and Madeline Frederick, Bronx, N.Y. Men's M.V.P. -- Robert Sostre. Women's Singles -- Madeline Frederick. Women's Doubles -- Lisa Michaelessi and Kathy Guinan, Hempstead, L.I. Women's M.V.P. -- Madeline Frederick. Masters -- Peter Varsik and Joe Ianotti, Valley Stream, L.I. Men's Division B Men's Singles -- Michael Petry, New Rochelle, N.Y. Women's Singles -- Yvonne Cooks, Brooklyn, N.Y. Doubles -- Jesus Ustarroz and John Thompson, Bronx, N.Y. Mixed Doubles -- Frank Gruendle and Margarette Pescator, Brooklyn, N.Y. Men's M.V.P. -- Michael Petry, New Rochelle, N.Y. Women's Doubles -- Yvonne Cooks and Yvette Mendez, Brooklyn, N.Y. Women's M.V.P. -- Yvonne Cooks. Paddle Tennis U.S. Champions Men's Singles -- Scott Freedman, Venice, Calif. Women's Singles -- Ellie Comptman, Pacific Palisades, Calif. Parachute Jumping U.S. Men's Combined -- Gary Mohler, Fayetteville, N.C. U.S. Women's Combined -- Cheryl Stearns, Fayetteville, N.C. Platform Tennis U.S. Men's Singles -- Bob Kleinert, Franklin Lakes, N.J. U.S. Men's Doubles -- Rich Maier, Scarsdale, N.Y., and Steve Baird, Harrison, N.Y. U.S. Women's Doubles -- Sue Aery, Bedminster, N.J., and Gerri Viant, Nyack, N.Y. U.S. Mixed Doubles -- David Ohlmuller, Montclair, N.J., and Patty Hogan, Summit, N.J. Polo World -- White Birch. Powerboating Gold Cup Hydroplanes -- Miss Budweiser, Tom D'Eath, Fair Haven, Mich. Power Lifting W.N.P.F. Lifters of the Year Teen -- Tony Marinaro, Connecticut. Junior (20-23 years old) -- Vicent Sicari, N.J. Collegiate -- Ben Wax, Mississippi State University. Men's Open -- Ted Sobel, New York. Women's Open -- Sara Chouinard, Montana. Submasters (33-39 years old) -- Howard Barrett, New York. Masters (40-49 years old) -- Chuck Ryan, Connecticut. Grandmasters (50 Plus) -- Burt Rosenfield, Pennsylvania. Military -- Mark Edmiston, Air Force. Canadian -- David Sandler, Ontario. European -- James Judge, Ireland. Dennis Savino Sportsmanship Award -- Allan Fornaro, Massachussetts. Champion of Champions -- Ted Sobel, United States. Quarter Horse Racing All-American Futurity -- Refrigerator. Racquetball United States Champions Men -- Cliff Swain, Boston. U.S. Women -- Lynn Adams, San Diego, Calif. U.S. Amateur Men -- Tim Doyle, Columbus, Ohio. U.S. Amateur Women -- Michelle Gilman, Ontario, Ore. World Amateur Champions Men -- Egan Inoue, Honolulu. Women -- Lynn Adams, San Diego, Calif. Racquets Unites States Open Singles -- James Male, England. U.S. Pro -- Wayne Davies, New York. U.S. Amateur -- William Maltby, England. <cc12.1,37,13Rhythmic Gymnastics U.S. All-Around -- Tracey Lepore, Miami. Rodeo U.S. All-Around -- Ty Murray, Odessa, Tex. Roller Hockey World B Championship -- Brazil. U.S. -- Port Neches (Tex.) Champions. Roller Skating World Champions Men's Freestyle -- Scott Cohen, Delanco, N.J. World Women's Freestyle -- Rafaella Del Vinaccio, Italy. World Men's Figures -- Justin Bates, Flint, Mich. World Women's Figures -- Raffaella Del Vinaccio, Italy. World Pairs -- Larry McGrew and Tina Jerue, Santa Ana, Calif. World Dance -- Greg Goody and Jodee Viola, Taunton, Mass. World Men's Speed -- Dante Muse, West Des Moine, Iowa. World Women's Speed -- Claudia Ruiz, Colombia. U.S. Champions U.S Men's Freestyle -- David DeMotte, Santa Ana, Calif. U.S. Women's Freestyle -- Rechelle Hanson, Roseville, Calif. U.S. Men's Figures -- Justin Bates, Flint, Mich. U.S. Women's Figures -- Lynn Suwinski, Utica, Mich. U.S. Pairs -- Larry McGrew and Tina Jerue, Santa Ana, Calif. U.S. Dance -- Gregory Goody and Jodee Viola, Taunton, Mass. U.S. Men's Speed -- Dante Muse, West Des Moines, Iowa. U.S. Women's Speed -- Deanne Parker, Des Moines, Iowa. Rowing World Champions Men's Eights -- West Germany. Women's Eights -- Rumania. Lightweight Eights -- Italy. Men's Lightweight Double Sculls -- United States -- Robert Dreher, Durham, N.H., and Stephen Peterson, Wakefield, R.I. Men's Single Sculls -- Yuri Yansen, Soviet Union. Women's Single Sculls -- Birgit Peter, East Germany. Women's Lightweight Single Sculls -- Metta Bloch Jensen, Denmark. World Women's Lightweight Double Sculls -- Denmark. National Champions Lightweight Men's Single -- Tim O'Hara, Detroit Boat Club. Men's Four With Coxswain -- Boston Rowing Center. Men's Single -- Greg Walker, Boston Rowing Club. Lightweight Women's Single -- C.B. Sands, Boston Rowing Center. Women's Single -- Anne Marden, Thames River Tradesmen. Men's Four Without Coxswain -- Penn A.C. Men's Eight -- Boston Rowing Center. Lightweight Men's Eight -- Vesper, Philadelphia. Women's Eight -- Boston Rowing Center. Lightweight Women's Eight -- U.S. National Team Pre-Elite Camp. Collegiate National Champions Varsity Eight -- University of Wisconsin. Women -- Princeton. Intercollegiate Rowing Association -- Wisconsin. Lightweight Eight -- Yale. Eastern Sprint -- Harvard. Women -- Princeton. Dad Vail Regatta -- Temple. Women's -- Virginia. Rugby United States Champions Club -- Denver Barbarians. College -- Air Force. Women -- Belmont Shore Landsharks (Long Beach, Calif.) 7-a-side -- Old Puget Sound Beach, Seattle, Washington. Military -- Fayetteville Old Gray, Fort Brag, N.C. Schoolboy -- Highland High School, Salt Lake City. Five Nations -- Scotland. Shooting U.S. Champions Men's Small Bore Rifle, 3 position -- James Meredith. Men's National Trophy Rifle -- Sgt. Vincent Greiner, Columbus, Ga. Men's All-Round Pistol -- James Lenardson. United States International Men's Small-Bore Rifle, 3 Position -- Bob Foth, Colorado Springs, Colo. Men's Metallic Sight, Prone -- Lones Wigger, Colorado Springs, Colo. Women's Air Pistol -- Connie Patracedk, Nashville, Tenn. Women's Air Rifle -- Launi Meili, Cheney, Wash. Women's Men's Rapid-Fire Pistol -- John McNally, Columbus, Ga. Men's Free Pistol -- Erich Buljung, Columbus, Ga. Men's Center-Fire Pistol -- Eduardo Suarez -- Fort Benning, Ga. Skateboarding World Cup -- Tony Hawk, Fallbrook, Calif. Savannah Slamma -- Christian Hosoi, Los Angeles Vans -- Chris Miller, Upland, Calif. Skiing Alpine World Cup Champions Over All Men -- Pirmin Surbriggen, Switzerland Women -- Petra Kronberger, Austria. Individual Champions Men's Downhill -- Helmut Hoeflehner, Austria. Slalom -- Armin Bittner, West Germany. Giant Slalom, Tie -- Ole-Kristian Furuseth, Norway, Guenther Mader, Austria. Super G. -- Pirmin Surbriggen, Switzerland. Women's Downhill -- Katrin Gutensohn - Knoph, West Germany. Slalom -- Vreni Schneider, Switzerland. Giant Slalom -- Anita Wachter, Austria. Super G. -- Carol Merle, France. Collegiate Champions N.C.A.A. Team -- Vermont. Slalom -- Chris Pederson, Colorado. Women -- Anke Freidrich, Utah. Giant Slalom -- Einar Bohmer, Vermont. Women -- Anke Freidrich, Utah. Soccer World Cup Final -- West Germany defeated Argentina, 1-0. Professional Champions M.I.S.L. -- San Diego. American Soccer League -- Ft. Lauderdale. Western Soccer League -- San Diego. Foreign Champions European Cup -- AC Milan (Italy). Libertadores Cup -- Nacional Medellin (Colombia). European Cup Winners' Cup -- Sampdoria (Italy). U.E.F.A. Cup -- Juventus (Italy). English F.A. Cup -- Liverpool. English League -- Arsenal. West German League -- Bayern Munich. West German Cup Winner -- Borussia Dortmund. French League -- Olympipique Marseille. French Cup Winner -- Olympique Marseille. Italian League -- Inter-Milan. Italian Cup Winner -- Sampdoria. Spanish League -- Real Madrid. Spanish Cup Winner -- Real Madrid. U.S. Champions U.S. National Open Cup -- A.A.C. Eagles of Chicago, Ill. National Men's Amateur Cup Winners -- H.R.C. Kickers of St. Petersburg, Fla. National Women's Amateur Cup Winners -- Opus County S.C. of Wellesley, Mass. U.S.S.F. Women's Over 30 -- White Stars S.C. of St. Louis, Mo. U.S.S.F. Men's Over 30 -- Dirty Dozen of Los Angeles, Calif. McGuire Cup for Boys Under 19 -- Spartan Randolph Blackhawks, Minnesota. Niotis Cup for Boys Under 16 -- Livonia Metro Magic Wolves, Mich. Athena Cup for Girls Under 19 -- Springfield Spirit, Va. Masotto Cup for Girls Under 16 -- Willingboro Strikers of New Jersey. Collegiate N.C.A.A. Division I -- U.C.L.A. N.C.A.A. Division II -- Southern Connecticut St. N.C.A.A. Divison III -- Glassboro State. N.C.A.A. Division I Women -- North Carolina. N.C.A.A. Division II Women -- Sonoma State. N.C.A.A. Division III Women -- Ithaca. N.A.I.A. -- West Virginia Wesleyan. N.A.I.A Women -- Pacific Lutheran. N.J.C.A.A. -- Yavapai College, Prescott, Ariz. N.J.C.A.A. Women -- St. Louis Community College Florrisant Valley, St. Louis, Mo. Softball Amateur Softball Association U.S. Men's Fast Pitch -- Penn Corporation, Sioux City, Iowa. U.S. Women's Fast Pitch -- Raybestos Brakettes, Stratford, Ct. U.S. Men's Super-Slow Pitch -- Steele's Silver Bullets, Grafton, Ohio. U.S. Men's Major-Slow Pitch -- New Construction, Shelbyville, Ind. U.S. Women's Major-Slow Pitch -- Anoka Spooks, Anoka, Minn. U.S. College Women -- U.C.L.A. Speed Skating U.S. Long-Track Champions Women's Sprint Champion -- Bonnie Blair, Champaign, Ill. Men -- Dan Jansen, West Allis, Wisc. All-Around, Women -- Michelle Kline, Robbinsdale, Minn. U.S. Short-Track Champions Women -- Cathy Turner, Rochester, N.Y. Men -- Andy Gabel, Northbrook, Ill. Squash Racquets North American -- John Nimick, Boston. U.S. Men's Hardball -- Hector Barragon, Mexico. U.S. Women's Hardball -- Demer Holleran, Greenwich, Conn. U.S. Pro Doubles -- Todd Binns, Toronto, and Tom Page, New York. U.S. Men's College -- Jon Bernheimer, Harvard. U.S. Women's College -- Henny Holleran, Harvard. U.S. College -- Yale University. U.S. Women's College Team -- Harvard. Squash Tennis U.S. Champion Men -- Gary Squires, Darien, Conn. Sumo Emperor's Cup -- Konishink (Salevaa Atisanoe), Hawaii. Surfing Ocean Pacific Men's Pro -- Todd Hollanbd, Cocoa Beach, Fla. Ocean Pacific Women's Pro -- Frieda Zamba, Flagler Beach, Fla. Swimming U.S. Long-Course Champions Men 50-Meter Free -- Tom Jager, Tijeras, N.M. 100 Free -- Shaun Jordan, Dallas. 200 Free -- Troy Dalbey, Phoenix, Ariz. 400 Free -- Dan Jorgensen, Rancho Bernardo, Calif. 800 -- Dan Jorgensen, Rancho Bernardo, Calif. 1,500 -- Keith Frostad, Sacramento, Calif. 100 Back -- Jeff Rouse, Fredricksburg, Va. 200 Back -- Jeff Rouse, Fredricksburg, Va. 100 Breast -- Eric Wanderlich, Atlanta, Ga. 200 Breast -- Mike Barrowman, Potomac, Md.. 100 Butterfly -- Mark Henderson, Ft. Washington, Md. 200 Butterfly -- Melvin Stewart, Fort Mill, S.C. 200 Ind. Medley -- Dave Wharton, Warminster, Pa. 400 Ind. Medley -- Eric Narneszuk, Pittsburgh, Pa. Women 50-Meter Free -- Jenny Thompson, Dover, N.H. 100 Free -- Nicole Haislett, St. Petersperg, Fla. 200 Free -- Janet Evans, Placentia, Calif. 400 Free -- Janet Evans, Placentia, Calif. 800 Free -- Janet Evans, Placentia, Calif. 1,500 -- Julie Kole, Baltimore, Md. 100 Back -- Jodi Wilson, Plano, Tx. 200 Back -- Beth Barr, Pensacola, Fla. 100 Breast -- Tori DeSilvia, Syracuse, N.Y. 200 Breast -- Mary Ellen Blanchard, Norcross, Ga. 100 Butterfly -- Chrissy Ahmann-Leighton, Tucson, Ariz. 200 Butterfly -- Trina Radke, Allentown, Pa. 200 Ind. Medley -- Summer Sanders, Roseville, Calif. 400 Ind. Medley -- Erika Hansen, King of Prussia, Pa. N.C.A.A. 50-Yard Free -- Brent Lang, Michigan. 100 Free -- Brent Lang, Michigan. 200 Free -- Doug Glertsen, Texas. 500 Free -- Artur Wojdal, Iowa. 1,650 Free -- Artur Wojdat, Iowa. 100 Back -- Jeff Rouse, Stanford. 200 Back -- Martin Zubero, Florida. 100 Breast -- Kirk Stackle, Texas. 200 Breast -- Mike Barrowman, Michigan. 100 Butterfly -- Anthony Nesty, Florida. 200 Butterfly -- Anthony Nesty, Florida. 200 Ind. Medley -- David Wharton, Southern Cal. 400 Ind. Medley -- David Wharton, Southern Cal. One-Meter Diving -- Mark Lenzi, Indiana. Three-Meter Diving -- Scott Donie, Southern Methodist. 200- Medley Relay -- Princeton. 400- Medley Relay -- Texas. 200- Freestyle Relay -- Texas. 400 Freestyle Relay -- Texas. 800 Freestyle Relay -- Texas. Division 1 Team -- Texas. Division II Team -- Cal. State Bakersfield. Division III Team -- Kenyon, Ohio. Women 50-Yard Free -- Leigh Ann Fetter, Texas. 100- Free -- Leigh Ann Fetter. 200- Free -- Whitney Hedgepeth, Florida. 500- Free -- Janet Evans, Stanford. 1,650 Free -- Janet Evans, Stanford. 100 Back -- Kristen Linehan, Florida. 200 Back -- Kristen Linehan. 100 Breast -- Stephanie Zunich, Florida. 200 Breast -- Jill Johnson, Stanford. 100 Butterfly -- Janel Jorgensen, Stanford. 200 Butterfly -- Janel Jorgensen, Stanford. 200-Yard Ind. Medley -- Janel Jorgensen, Stanford. 400-Yard Ind. -- Janet Evans, Stanford. One-Meter Diving -- Julie Farrell, Michigan State. Three-Meter Diving -- Krista Wilson, Southern Methodist. 200- Medley Relay -- Florida. 400- Medley Relay -- Stanford. 200- Freestyle Relay -- Texas. 400- Freestyle Relay -- Texas. 800- Freestyle Relay -- Stanford. Division I Team -- Texas. Division II Team -- Oakland. Division III Team -- Kenyon, Ohio. Synchronized Swimming U.S. Solo -- Kristen Babb, Walnut Creek, Calif. U.S. Duet -- Karen and Sarah Josephson, Walnut Creek, Calif. U.S. Team -- Santa Clara, Calif. Table Tennis U.S. Open Men -- Jan-Ove Waldner, Sweden. U.S. Open Women -- Yaping Ding, China. World Team Cup Men -- Sweden. World Team Cup Women -- China. Taekwondo U.S. Men's Heavyweight -- Paris Amani, Highland Park, Ill. U.S. Women's Heavyweight -- Kathy Wagner, Colorado Springs. Team Handball U.S. Men -- California Hedat, Hayward, Calif. U.S. Women -- U. of Minnesota. U.S. College Men -- Army. U.S. College Women -- Army. Tennis U.S. Open Champions Singles -- Pete Sampras, Rancho Palos Verdes, Calif. Women's Singles -- Gabriela Sabatini, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Men's Doubles -- Pieter Aldrich, South Africa, and Danie Visser, South Africa. Women's Doubles -- Gigi Fernandez and Martina Navratilova, Aspen, Colo. Mixed Doubles -- Elizabeth Smylie, Australia, and Todd Woodbridge, Australia. Senior Men's Singles -- Alex Mayer, Los Altos, Calif. Senior Men's Doubles -- Tom Gullikson, Palm Coast, Fla. and Dick Stockton, Dallas. Senior Women's Doubles -- Rosie Casals, Sausalito, Calif., and Billy Jean King, New York, N.Y. Boys' Junior Singles -- Andrea Gaudenzi, Italy. Girls' Junior Singles -- Magdalena Maleeva, Bulgaria. N.C.A.A. Men's Division I -- Steve Bryan, Texas. Women -- Debbie Graham, Stanford. Division I Doubles -- Doug Eisenman and Matt Lucena, California. Women -- Meredith McGrath and Teri Whitlinger, Stanford. Division I Team -- Stanford. Women -- Stanford. Men's Individual Luciano D'Andrea, Tennessee Martin. Women's Singles -- Edna Olivarez, Cal State L.A. Doubles Luciano D'Andrea and Besa Ponkka, Tennessee Martin. Doubles -- Edna Olivarez and Jennifer Choi, Cal State L.A. Division II Men -- Cal Poly, SLO. Division II Women's Team -- UC Davis. Division III Team Men-- Swarthmore. Division III Women -- Gustavus Adolphus, St. Peter, Minn. Foreign Opens Wimbledon Men -- Stefan Edberg, London. Women -- Martina Navratilova, Aspen, Colo. French Open -- Andres Gomez, Ecuador. Women -- Monica Seles, Sarasota, Fla. Australia Men -- Ivan Lendl, Greenwich, Conn. Women -- Steffi Graf, Bruhl, Germany. A.T.P. Finals Singles -- Andre Agassi, Las Vegas. Doubles -- Jakob Hlasek, Switzerland, and Guy Forget, France. Virginia Slims Championship Singles -- Monica Seles, Sarasota, Fla. Doubles -- Kathy Jordan, King of Prussia, Penn., and Liz Smylie, Australia. Track and Field U.S. Champions Mobil Outdoor Championships Men 100-Meter -- Carl Lewis, Santa Monica Track Club. 200 -- Michael Johnson, FC-Bay. 400 -- Steve Lewis, Santa Monica Track Club - U.C.L.A. 800 -- Mark Everett, Nike International. 1,500 -- Joe Falcon, Asics. 3,000 Steeplechase -- Brian Diemer, Nike International. 5,000 -- Doug Padilla, Nike West. 10,000 -- Steve Plasencia, Nike West. 110 Hurdles -- Roger Kingdom, Unattached. 400 Hurdles -- David Patrick, FLO. 20K Walk -- Tim Lewis, Reebok. High Jump -- Hollis Conway, Nike International. Pole Vault -- Earl Bell, Pacific Coast Club. Long Jump -- Mike Powell, Footlocker. Triple Jump -- Kenny Harrison, Miz. Shot-Put -- Jim Doehring, Reebok. Discus -- Kamy Keshmiri, Reebok. Hammer Throw -- Ken Flax, N.Y.A.C. Javelin -- Vince Labosky, KS. Decathlon -- Dave Johnson, Nike International. International Winner -- Said Aouita, Morocca. Mobil Indoor Championships 55 -- Brian Cooper, Florida Clippers. 400 -- Michael Johnson, Baylor. 500 -- David Patrick, FloJo. 800 -- Ray Brown, A.C.C. Mile -- Tie -- Steve Scott, Asics, and Marcus O'Sullivan, New Balance. 3,000 -- Doug Padilla, Nike West. 55 Hurdles -- Tony Dees, Florida Clippers. 5,000 Walk -- Tim Berrett, Top Form Lyons. High Jump -- Hollis Conway, Nike International. Pole Vault -- Istvan Bagyula, George Mason U. Long Jump -- Larry Myricks, Goldwin. Triple Jump -- Kenny Harrison, Accusplit. Shot Put -- Randy Barnes, Mazda. Weight Throw -- Lance Deal, N.Y.A.C. Overall Winner -- Doug Padilla, Nike West. Women's Mobil Outdoor 100 -- Michelle Finn, Atoms. 200 -- Grace Jackson, Jamaica. 400 -- Maicel Malone, Nike C. 800 -- Meredith Rainey, Atoms. 1,500 -- Suzy Favor, WI. 3,000 -- Lynn Jennings, Nike International. 5,000 -- PattiSue Plumer, Nike International 10,000 -- Colette Murphy, N.I.T.C. 100 Hurdles -- LaVonna Martin, Reebok. 400 Hurdles -- Janeene Vickers, U.C.L.A. 10K Walk -- Debbi Lawrence, P.K.C. High Jump -- Yolanda Henry, Mazda. Long Jump -- Jackie Joyner-Kersee, McDonalds Triple Jump -- Sheila Hudson, Mic-Cal. Shot Put -- Connie Price, Nike North. Discus -- Connie Price, Nike North. Javelin -- Karin Smith, Nike C. Heptathlon -- Cindy Greiner, Nike C. International Winner -- Merlene Ottey, Jamaica. Women's Mobil Indoor 55 -- Michelle Finn, Atoms. 200 -- Grace Jackson, Unattached. 400 -- Diane Dixon, Nike International. 800 -- Joetta Clark, Nike South. Mile -- Doina Melinte, Romania. 3,000 -- Lynn Jennings, Nike International. 55 Hurdles -- LaVonna Martin, Reebok. 3,000 Walk -- Teresa Vaill, Natural Sport. High Jump -- Jan Wohlschlag, Nike International. Long Jump -- Jacinta Bartholomew, Atoms. Shot Put -- Ramona Pagel, Mazda. Overall Winner -- LaVonna Martin, Reebok N.C.A.A. Men's Outdoor 100 Meters -- Leroy Burrell, Houston 200 -- Michael Johnson, Baylor. 400 -- Steve Lewis, U.C.L.A. 800 -- Mark Everett, Fla. 1,500 -- Bob Kennedy, Indiana. 3,000 Steeplechase -- Mark Croghan, Ohio State. 5,000 Run -- John Trautmann, Georgetown. 10,000 Run -- Shannon Butler, Montana State. 110 High Hurdles -- Chris Lancaster, Indiana State. 400 Hurdles -- McClinton Neal, University Texas Arlington. 4 x 100 M. Relay Team -- Alabama. 4 x 400 M. Relay Team -- Baylor. High Jump -- Charles Austin, Southwest Texas St. Pole Vault -- Istvan Bagyula, George Mason. Long Jump -- Llewellyn Starks, L.S.U. Triple Jump -- Edrick Floreal, Arkansas. Shot-Put -- Shane Collins, Arizona State. Discus -- Camy Keshmiri, Nevada. Javelin -- Patrik Boden, Texas. Hammer Throw -- Scott McGee, Oregon. Decathlon -- Drew Fucci, Southwest Texas. Team Champion -- Louisiana St. Men's Indoor 55 Meter Dash -- Andre Cason, Texas A&M. 55 Hurdles -- Tony Li, Washington St. 200 Dash -- Michael Johnson, Baylor. 400 Dash -- Gabriell Luke, Rice. 800 Run -- Mark Everett, Florida. Mile Run -- Bob Whelan, Kentucky. 3,000 Run -- Reuben Reina, Arkansas. 5,000 Run -- Jonah Koech, Iowa St. 1,600 Rlay -- Baylor. 3,200 Relay -- Villanova. High Jump -- Bryan Brown, Northwestern, La.. Pole Vault -- Istvan Bagyula, George Mason. Long Jump -- Leroy Burrell, Houston. Triple Jump -- Edrick Floreal, Arkansas. Shot Put -- Mike Stulce, Texas A&M. 35-pound weight throw -- Per Karlsson, B.Y.U. Team Champion -- Arkansas. Women's Outdoor 100 Meter Dash -- Esther Jones, Louisiana St. 200 Dash -- Esther Jones, Louisiana St. 400 Dash -- Maicel Malone, Arizona St. 800 Run -- Suzy Favor, Wisconsin. 1,500 Run -- Suzy Favor, Wisconsin. 3,000 Run -- Sonia O'Sullivan, Villanova. 5,000 Run -- Valerie McGovern, Kentucky. 10,000 Run -- Janet Haskin, Kansas St. 100 Hurdles -- Lynda Tolbert, Arizona St. 400 Hurdles -- Janeene Vickers, U.C.L.A. 400 Relay Team -- Louisiana St. 1,600 Relay Team -- Florida. High Jump -- Angie Bradburn, Texas. Long Jump -- Sheila Hudson, Calif. Triple Jump -- Sheila Hudson, Calif. Shot Up -- Tracie Millett, U.C.L.A. Discus Throw -- Tracie Millett, U.C.L.A. Javelin Throw -- Ashley Selman, U.S.C. Heptathlon -- Gea Johnson, Arizona St. Team Champion -- Louisiana State. Women's Indoor 55 Meter Dash -- Carlette Guidry, Texas. 55 Hurdles -- Lynda Tolbert, Arizona State. 200 Dash -- Carlette Guidry, Texas. 400 Dash -- Maicel Malone, Arizona St. 800 Run -- Meredith Rainey, Harvard. Mile Run -- Suzy Favor, Wisconsin. 3,000 Run -- Suzy Favor, Wisconsin. 5,000 Run -- Valerie McGovern, Kentucky. 1,600 Relay Team -- Texas. 3,200 Relay Team -- Villanova. High Jump -- Sissy Costner, Auburn. Long Jump -- Sheila Hudson, Calif. Triple Jump -- Sheila Hudson, Calif. Shot Put -- Tracie Millett, U.C.L.A. Team Champion -- Texas. Triathlon World Men -- Mark Allen, Cardiff, Calif. World Women -- Paula Newby-Fraser, Zimbabwe. Tumbling U.S. Men's Tumbling -- Brad Davis, Mission Viejo, Calif. U.S. Women's Tumbling -- Michelle Mara, Rockford, Ill. U.S. Men's Trampoline -- Max Dempsey, Mobile, Ala. U.S. Women's Trampoline -- Michele Gibbs, Mission Viejo, Calif. Volleyball U.S. Open Men -- Nike, Carson, Calif. U.S. Open Women -- Plymouth Californians, Hayward, Calif. U.S. Beach -- Sinjin Smith and Randy Stoklos. N.C.A.A. Div. I women -- U.C.L.A. N.C.A.A. Div. II women -- West Texas St. N.C.A.A. Div. III women -- Calif.-S. Diego. World League -- Italy. World Women -- Soviet Union. World Women's Beach -- Nina Matthies and Elaine Roque. Water Polo U.S. Champions U.S. Men's Outdoor -- Harvard Foundation, Los Angeles. U.S. Women's Outdoor -- Beach, Long Beach, Calif. N.C.A.A. -- California at Irvine. Water Skiing World Junior Men's Over All -- Michael McCormick, Seffner, Fla. World Junior Women's Over All -- April Coble, Angier, N.C. U.S. Men's Open Over All -- Carl Roberge, Orlando, Fla. U.S. Women's Open Over All -- Deena Brush Mapple. Windermere, Fla. Masters Men's Over All -- Mick Neville, Australia. Masters Women's Over All -- Deena Brush Mapple, Windermere, Fla. Weight Lifting U.S. Weightlifting Federation Men 52 Kgs. -- Chris LeRoux, Largo, Fla. 56 -- Gene Gilsdorf, Onaga, Kansas. 60 -- Bryan Jacob, Palatka, Fla. 67.5 -- M. Jacques, Warner Robins, Ga. 75 -- Michael Listro, Elmwood, N.J. 82.5 -- Dave Phillips, Royal Oak, Mich. 90 -- Derrick Crass, Belleville, Ill. 100 -- David Langon, Castro Valley, Calif. 110 -- Rich Schutz, Mount Prospect, Ill. Plus 110 -- Jeff Michels, Chicago, Ill. Women 44 -- Sibby Flowers, Carrollton, Ga. 48 -- Victoria Futch, Longwood, Fla. 52 -- Thea Taylor, Arlington Heights, Ill. 56 -- Lynne Stoessel, Smyrna, Ga. 60 -- Giselle Shepatin, San Francisco. 67.5 -- Stephanie Zurek, Emeryville, Calif. 75 -- Le Ann Powers, Normal, Ill. 82.5 -- Mary Hider, Jefferson City, Mo. Plus 82.5 -- Stephanie Armitage-Johnson, Auburn, Wash. World Champions Super Heavyweight -- Leonid Taranenko, Soviet Union. European Super Heavyweight -- Alexsandr Kurlovich, Soviet Union. Wrestling U.S. Nationals Freestyle 48 Kgs. -- Rob Eiter, Tempe, Ariz. 52 -- Zeke Jones, Tempe, Ariz. 57 -- Joe Melchiore, Iowa City, Iowa. 62 -- John Smith, Stillwater, Oklahoma. 68 -- Nate Carr, Morgantown, W. Virginia. 74 -- Rob Koll, Dryden, N.Y. 82 -- Royce Alger, Iowa City, Iowa. 90 -- Chris Campbell, Fayetteville, N.Y. 100 -- Bill Scherr, Bloomington, Ind. 130 -- Bruce Baumgartner, Cambridge Springs, Pa. Greco-Roman 48 -- Lew Dorrance, Quantico, Va. 52 -- Sam Henson, St. Charles, Mo. 57 -- Mark Pustelnik, Cedar Falls, Iowa. 62 -- Ike Anderson, Albany, N.Y. 68 -- Andy Seras, Schenectady, N.Y. 74 -- David Butler, San Diego, Calif. 82 -- Derrick Waldroup, Ft. Campbell, Ky. 90 -- Randy Couture, Stillwater, Okla. 100 -- Chris Tironi, Albany, N.Y. 130 -- Matt Ghaffari, Chandler, Ariz. N.C.A.A. Champions 118 lbs. -- Jack Griffin, Northwestern 126 -- Terry Brands, Iowa. 134 -- Tom Brands, Iowa. 142 -- Joe Reynolds, Oklahoma. 150 -- Brian Dolph, Indiana. 158 -- Dan St. John, Arizona State. 167 -- Dan St. John. 177 -- Chris Barnes, Oklahoma State. 190 -- Matt Ruppell, Lehigh. Heavyweight -- Kurt Angle, Clarion. Team -- Oklahoma State. World Cup Freestyle Team Champion -- United States. World Women's Team -- Japan. Greco-Roman Team Champion -- Soviet Union. Yachting Mallory Cup -- Scott Deardorff, Carpinteria, Calif. Adams Cup -- Betsy Alison, Newport, R.I. Match Racing World Champion -- Peter Gilmour, Australia. Whitbread Round the World Race -- Steinlager 2, Peter Blake, New Zealand Globe Challenge -- Titouan Lamazou, France. Maxi World Championship, Matador 2, William Koch, Palm Beach, Fla.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.354915618896484, "source": "search", "title": "Winners of Individual and Team Championships - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Show jumper", "passage": "Final Four WEG Show Jumpers | EquiSearch", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447440147399902, "source": "search", "title": "Final Four WEG Show Jumpers | EquiSearch" }, { "answer": "Show jumper", "passage": "Final Four WEG Show Jumpers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40963363647461, "source": "search", "title": "Final Four WEG Show Jumpers | EquiSearch" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "the Final Four as show jumping concludes the 2002 edition of the World", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.127923965454102, "source": "search", "title": "Final Four WEG Show Jumpers | EquiSearch" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "When the top 25 riders had completed two rounds of show jumping, it was", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.252140998840332, "source": "search", "title": "Final Four WEG Show Jumpers | EquiSearch" }, { "answer": "Show Jumping", "passage": "dressage, driving, endurance, reining, show jumping, three day eventing", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456408500671387, "source": "search", "title": "Final Four WEG Show Jumpers | EquiSearch" }, { "answer": "Showjumper", "passage": "German showjumper Katrin Eckermann (right) has decided to leave Gut Berl in Münster, where she has been working since 2011. Eckermann has had some bad luck lately. She made two ugly falls in Aachen with Forth of Lorne, a horse of Gut Berl. Last month she had a serious car accident. Now that she’s left Gut Berl, she will start up as a rider in her boyfriend Christian Glanemann's stable. Nevertheless", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254033088684082, "source": "search", "title": "Sometimes You Win, Sometimes You Lose - Equestrian News" }, { "answer": "British Showjumping", "passage": "World Class Performance Showjumping Manager Rob Hoekstra has announced that he is to leave his role at the end of this year. Having seen British showjumping through one of their most", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.258831977844238, "source": "search", "title": "Sometimes You Win, Sometimes You Lose - Equestrian News" } ]

[ { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "The Dodgers were the first of the two clubs to contest a World Series on the west coast, defeating the Chicago White Sox in 1959. The 1962 Giants made the first California World Series appearance of that franchise, losing to the Yankees. The Dodgers made three World Series appearances in the 1960s: a 1963 win over the Yankees, a 1965 win over the Minnesota Twins and a 1966 loss to the Baltimore Orioles.", "precise_score": 2.6448373794555664, "rough_score": 6.934394359588623, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "However, the Baltimore Orioles made three consecutive World Series appearances: 1969 (losing to the \"amazing\" eight-year-old franchise New York Mets), 1970 (beating the Reds in their first World Series appearance of the decade), and 1971 (losing to the Pittsburgh Pirates, as well their 1979 appearance, when they again lost to the Pirates), and the Los Angeles Dodgers' back-to-back World Series appearances in 1977 and 1978 (both losses to the New York Yankees), as well in 1974 losing against the cross-state rival Oakland Athletics.", "precise_score": 2.8860321044921875, "rough_score": 0.7941685318946838, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "#The Chicago Cubs hold the record for the longest World Series championship drought (still active through 2015), with their last title coming in 1908 (107 years). In fact, they also hold the longest drought without a World Series appearance, not having won the NL pennant since 1945. Even had the Cubs won the 1945 Series, they would still hold the longest World Series title drought, with the second longest World Series drought belonging to the Cleveland Indians, who have not won a World Series since 1948. The team with the longest active pennant drought among AL teams that have played in a World Series at least once is the Baltimore Orioles, who have not reached a World Series since winning their last title in 1983.", "precise_score": -1.6013073921203613, "rough_score": -2.985147476196289, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "#The last original American League team to win its first World Series was the Baltimore Orioles (former St. Louis Browns,originally the Milwaukee Brewers), winning in .", "precise_score": 4.927258491516113, "rough_score": -0.204181507229805, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "The 1970 World Series matched the American League champion Baltimore Orioles (108-54 in the regular season) against the National League champion Cincinnati Reds (102-60), with the Orioles winning in five games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.612888813018799, "source": "wiki", "title": "1970 World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "The Baltimore Orioles won the American League East division by 15 games over the New York Yankees and the Cincinnati Reds won the National League West division by games over the Los Angeles Dodgers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.829350471496582, "source": "wiki", "title": "1970 World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "By contrast, pitching was a strength for the Baltimore Orioles as manager Earl Weaver had three, healthy 20-game winners. Mike Cuellar (24–8, 3.48 ERA), Dave McNally (24–9, 3.22) and future Hall of Famer Jim Palmer (20–10, 2.71) were all well-rested and ready for the Series. Weaver balanced good pitching with the hitting of 1970 AL MVP Boog Powell (35, 114, .297), Merv Rettenmund (18, 58, .322), as well as future Hall of Famers Frank Robinson (25, 78, .306) and Brooks Robinson (18, 94, .276). The Orioles led the AL in most runs scored (792), fewest runs allowed (574), complete games by starting pitchers (60), lowest team earned run average (3.15) and they were second in the AL in fielding percentage (.981) establishing themselves as the most dominant Orioles team in the modern era.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.138984680175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "1970 World Series" }, { "answer": "O's", "passage": "The game turned in the sixth inning on a controversial call by home-plate umpire Ken Burkhart. The Reds had Bernie Carbo on third and Tommy Helms on first when Ty Cline, batting for Woody Woodward, hit a high chopper in front of the plate. Burkhart positioned himself in front of the plate to call the ball fair or foul as Carbo sped home. O's catcher Hendricks fielded the ball and turned to tag Carbo with Burkhart blocking the way. Hendricks tagged the sliding Carbo with his glove hand while holding the ball in his other hand; all the while, Burkhart was knocked to the ground and had his back to the play. When Burkhart turned around, he saw Carbo out of the baseline away from the plate as Hendricks held the ball. Burkhart signaled Carbo out without asking for help from the other umpires. Carbo and Sparky Anderson vehemently argued the call, but to no avail. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.244543075561523, "source": "wiki", "title": "1970 World Series" }, { "answer": "O's", "passage": "Robinson's home run put the O's ahead for the first time, while Palmer settled into a groove on the mound. Palmer allowed no hits in his final innings of work. After he walked Pete Rose with two outs in the ninth, Pete Richert relieved Palmer and got Bobby Tolan to line out to shortstop Mark Belanger to end the game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.341608047485352, "source": "wiki", "title": "1970 World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "1970 World Series (4–1): Baltimore Orioles (A.L.) over Cincinnati Reds (N.L.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.877041339874268, "source": "wiki", "title": "1970 World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "Johnson was initially asked by NL executives, led by president Harry Pulliam, to merge the two leagues—eliminating the four AL franchises doing business in NL cities, while allowing the other four to continue as part of a 12-team National League. An incredulous Johnson quickly rejected the idea and walked out, only to return four days later with his own list of demands—many of which he’d get. Johnson demanded that all existing player contracts be honored, allowing AL teams to hold onto the players snapped up from the NL; in return he would stop the player raids. Johnson also pledged not to follow through on his threat to move the Detroit Tigers to Pittsburgh—but only on the condition that he could move his tampered Baltimore franchise to New York. The NL reluctantly, though not unaminouslyJohn Brush, who helped scuttle the Baltimore Orioles and now owned the New York Giants—where most of the released Orioles wound up—vehemently decried the AL’s move to New York. , agreed to these key issues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10496997833252, "source": "search", "title": "Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "Hilltop Park, New York Located on the highest point in all of Manhattan, Hilltop Park was an architecturally unremarkable facility with a remarkable prescript. Insatiable in his quest to get into New York City, AL President Ban Johnson finally brought the Baltimore Orioles there—but in trying to secure a ballpark site, he ran into major political roadblocks with connections to the NL’s Giants, the owner (John Brush) and manager (John McGraw) of which bitterly detested Johnson and the AL. New York is simply too big a town for one to control all, so Johnson eventually cultivated enough power brokers on his side to get control of land at the extreme north end of Manhattan to build Hilltop Park. Hastily and cheaply built—it was put up in six weeks for $75,000—Hilltop Park sat 16,000 fans and featured a typically expansive outfield for the times; even the mightiest of sluggers couldn’t think of reaching the center-field fence, located 542 feet away from home. The ballpark that the Giants desperately prevented from being built would actually become their foster home in 1912 when the Polo Grounds burned down. The ensuing thaw in Highlanders-Giants relations allowed the Highlanders to leave for the rebuilt Polo Grounds in 1913; Hilltop Park would be demolished within a year. The Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center now sits on its site.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018625259399414, "source": "search", "title": "Baseball History in 1903: The First World Series" }, { "answer": "O's", "passage": "Yankees pitcher Bill Bevens comes within 1 out of throwing a no-hitter in Game 4, but Cookie Lavagetto's pinch-hit double off the rightfield wall at Ebbets Field scores two runs and wins the game for the Dodgers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.863441467285156, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "1966 : Baltimore Orioles (AL) defeat Los Angeles Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 0. MVP: Frank Robinson , Baltimore", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.13978385925293, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "1969 : New York Mets (NL) defeat Baltimore Orioles (AL), 4 games to 1. MVP: Donn Clendenon , New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.543135643005371, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "1970 : Baltimore Orioles (AL) defeat Cincinnati Reds (NL), 4 games to 1. MVP: Brooks Robinson , Baltimore", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.058392524719238, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "1971 : Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) defeat Baltimore Orioles (AL), 4 games to 3. MVP: Roberto Clemente , Pittsburgh", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.433499336242676, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "1979 : Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) defeat Baltimore Orioles (AL), 4 games to 3. MVP: Willie Stargell , Pittsburgh", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.02956771850586, "source": "search", "title": "World Series - Baseball Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Orioles", "passage": "After a devastating loss to the \"adolescent\" New York Mets in the '69 Series, the Baltimore Orioles returned to the top of the American League determined to make amends for their previous postseason failure. Their newest adversaries, the Cincinnati Reds, swept the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National's Championship Series under rookie manager Sparky Anderson. The soon-to-be \"Big Red Machine\" boasted a strong pitching rotation that featured Jim Merritt (a twenty game winner), Wayne Simpson (14-3) and Gary Nolan (18-7) as well as another standout named Pete Rose. The Orioles rotation featured Mike Cuellar, a twenty-four game victor and a tough line-up that included lumberjack Boog Powell and fielding wizard Brooks Robinson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.468167781829834, "source": "search", "title": "1970 World Series by Baseball Almanac" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Chiefs compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. The team was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by businessman Lamar Hunt and was a charter member of the American Football League (AFL). In 1963, the team relocated to Kansas City and assumed their current name. The Chiefs joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970. The team is valued at just under $1 billion.", "precise_score": 7.27170467376709, "rough_score": 7.4278364181518555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "1963: After conceding Dallas to the Cowboys, the Dallas Texans became the Kansas City Chiefs. Ironically there once was a NFL team named the Kansas City Cowboys . The defending AFL Champions got ready for their first season in Kansas City with one of the strongest drafts ever. Buck Buchanan, Ed Budde and Bobby Bell, became starters right away and would play a combined 526 games with the Chiefs. However, another rookie Stone Johnson would never make it to his rookie season, after sustaining a serious spinal cord injury, which would lead to his untimely death. The Chiefs would go on to retire his number 33 in his honor. The heavy hearted Chiefs started their first season in Kansas City win with a 59-7 victory over the Broncos in Denver, but managed just one win and two ties in its next nine games on their way to a disappointing 5-7-2 record.", "precise_score": 4.479491710662842, "rough_score": 6.715592861175537, "source": "search", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs (1963-Present) - Sports E-Cyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City, Missouri. They are a member of the Western Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). Originally named the Dallas Texans, the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL). In 1963, the team relocated to Kansas City and assumed their current name. They joined the NFL during the AFL-NFL Merger of 1970. The team is legally and corporately registered as Kansas City Chiefs Football Club, Incorporated and according to Forbes is valued at just under $1 billion. [1]", "precise_score": 7.791115760803223, "rough_score": 8.2243013381958, "source": "search", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs - American Football Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "In 1959, Lamar Hunt began discussions with other businessmen to establish a professional football league that would rival the National Football League. Hunt's desire to secure a football team was heightened after watching the 1958 NFL Championship Game between the New York Giants and Baltimore Colts. After unsuccessful attempts to purchase and relocate the NFL's Chicago Cardinals to his hometown of Dallas, Texas, Hunt went to the NFL and asked to create an expansion franchise in Dallas. The NFL turned him down, so Hunt then established the American Football League and started his own team, the Dallas Texans, to begin play in 1960. Hunt hired a little-known assistant coach from the University of Miami football team, Hank Stram, to be the team's head coach after the job offer was declined by Bud Wilkinson and Tom Landry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535773277282715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "It turned out to be the last game the team would play as the Dallas Texans. Despite competing against a Cowboys team that managed only a 9–28–3 record in their first three seasons, Hunt decided that the Dallas–Fort Worth media market could not sustain two professional football franchises. He considered moving the Texans to either Atlanta, Georgia or Miami, Florida for the 1963 season. However, he was ultimately swayed by an offer from Kansas City Mayor Harold Roe Bartle. Bartle promised to triple the franchise's season ticket sales and expand the seating capacity of Municipal Stadium to accommodate the team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8236165046691895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "The following is a detailed history of the Kansas City Chiefs, a professional American football franchise that began play in 1960 as the Dallas Texans. The team was a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), and now is currently part of the National Football League (NFL).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.21891975402832, "source": "wiki", "title": "History of the Kansas City Chiefs" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "In 1972, the last original member of the 1960 Dallas Texans team departed when safety Johnny Robinson announced his retirement at training camp. Meanwhile, starting quarterback Len Dawson ended speculation about his retirement by signing a two-year contract. Franchise owner Lamar Hunt became the first AFL figure to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on July 29.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.666199684143066, "source": "wiki", "title": "History of the Kansas City Chiefs" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "2006: With new Coach Herm Edwards, the Chiefs started the season with bad news, as Priest Holmes career remained in jeopardy following neck surgery that caused him to miss the entire season. However, with Larry Johnson, the Chiefs had a more then antiquate replacement. In Week 1 the Chiefs got more bad injury news as Trent Green suffered a serious concussion in a 23-10 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals. With back up Damon Huard, the Chiefs would fall to 0-2 losing a heartbreaker to the Denver Broncos on the road in overtime 9-6. Huard and the Chiefs played much better the following week, winning their first game of the year at Arrowhead 41-0 over the San Francisco 49ers. Meanwhile Larry Johnson in place of Holmes continued to establish himself as one of the top Running Backs in the league with 1789 yards rushing with 19 touchdowns. Huard also played well in Green's absence posting a solid 98.0 Quarterback Raiting 11 touchdowns against one interception, as the Chiefs held 5-4 record when Trent Green returned to lead the Chiefs to a 17-13 comeback win over the Oakland Raiders. A few days later the Chiefs hosted the Broncos in a primetime Thanksgiving Special, as Larry Johnson rushed for 157 yards, as Lawrence Tynes kicked four field goals in a 19-10 win, which catapulted the Chiefs into the playoff picture. However, that picture nearly faded as the Chiefs dropped their next three games, with Trent Green struggling to regain his form. On December 13th the Chiefs lost something more, when their patriarch Lamar Hunt passed away at the age of 74 after a long battle with prostate cancer. Hunt, who helped found the AFL, owned the Chiefs since 1960, when they began play as the Dallas Texans, eventually moving to Kansas City in 1963. For his contribution the AFC Championship Trophy was named after him. With their playoff hopes fading the Chiefs beat up on the lowly Raiders to end their losing streak, and enter the final week of the season with a chance to still make the playoffs. Needing a win and a Broncos loss to the 49ers to get in the Chiefs did their part, as Larry Johnson scored three touchdowns in a 35-30 win over the Jacksonville Jaguars. They then had to sit a watch the 49ers battle the Broncos in Denver. At first things did not start off well as the Broncos jumped out to a 13-0 lead. However, the 49ers would battle back and win the game in overtime 23-20, sending the 9-7 Chiefs into the playoffs. In the Wild Card round the Chiefs started with a showdown against the Indianapolis Colts, giving Coach Herm Edward a chance to face his mentor Tony Dungy. For most of the first half the Chiefs shut down the Colts high powered offense intercepting Peyton Manning three times. With a chance to take the lead the Chiefs had the ball on the Colts 9 following an interception by Jarrad Page. However, the Chiefs offense faltered, as Lawrence Tynes missed a 23-yard Field Goal attempt. The Colts given the reprieve would go on to win the game 23-8, holding Larry Johnson to just 32 rushing yards. Following the season the Chiefs would trade Trent Green, focusing on the future at Quarterback with Brodie Croyle, with Damon Huard being named the new starter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.190828323364258, "source": "search", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs (1963-Present) - Sports E-Cyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "2009: The Chiefs were starting over when the season began with new Coach Todd Haley, and QB Matt Cassel who was acquired from the New England Patriots along with Mike Vrable for a second round draft selection in the 2009 NFL Draft. Unfortunately when the season began Cassel was on the shelf with a knee injury, as Brodie Croyle got the start as the Chiefs lost their season opener on the road to the Baltimore Ravens 38-24. Cassel returned a week later for the home opener as the Chiefs were beaten by the Oakland Raiders 13-10. The Chiefs would eventually fall to 0-5, before earning their first win against the Washington Redskins 14-6 on the road. However, the troubles continued for the Chiefs as they lost to the San Diego Chargers 37-7. Following the game RB Larry Johnson criticized Coach Todd Haley and made anti gay slurs on Twitter. The Chiefs would suspend Johnson two weeks and eventually release him. Following the bye week the Chiefs continued to struggle, losing to the Jacksonville Jaguars 24-21 to fall to 1-7. Highlighted by a 44 yard Touchdown run from Jamaal Charles, the Chiefs wearing Dallas Texans throwbacks for the AFL's 50th Anniversary beat the Oakland Raiders on the road 16-10. A week later at Arrowhead Stadium, the Chiefs would get off to a fast start as Jamaal Charles returned the opening kickoff 97 yards for a Touchdown against the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Steelers would recover and would hold a 17-7 lead at halftime. The Chiefs would respond with ten points in the 3rd Quarter to tie the game, after both teams traded touchdowns in the 4th Quarter the game went to overtime, where the Chiefs won 27-24 on a 22 yard Field Goal by Ryan Succop. After two straight wins, the Chiefs suffered back-to-back humiliating losses to the San Diego Chargers and Denver Broncos by a combined score of 87-27. The losses would send the Chiefs on a five game losing streak heading into the last week of the season. However, they would end the season on a positive note as they beat the Denver Broncos 44-24, earning their first win at Invesco Field in nine tries, as the posted a record of 4-12.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.611056327819824, "source": "search", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs (1963-Present) - Sports E-Cyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "In 1959 Lamar Hunt began discussions with other businessmen to establish a professional football league that would rival the National Football League . [2] [3] Hunt's desire to secure a football team was heightened after watching the 1958 NFL Championship Game between the New York Giants and Baltimore Colts . [3] [4] After unsuccessful attempts to purchase and relocate the NFL's Chicago Cardinals to his hometown of Dallas, Texas, [2] [5] Hunt went to the NFL and asked to create an expansion franchise in Dallas. The NFL turned him down, so Hunt then established the American Football League and started his own team, the Dallas Texans, to begin play in 1960. Hunt hired a little-known assistant coach from the University of Miami football team, Hank Stram , to be the team's head coach. [3] Hunt chose Stram after the offer was declined by Bud Wilkinson and Tom Landry . [3]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.593169212341309, "source": "search", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs - American Football Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "In select games for the 2009 season, the Chiefs—as well as the other founding teams of the American Football League —wore \"throwback\" uniforms to celebrate the AFL's 50th anniversary and the 1962 Dallas Texans team that won the AFL Championship. [62]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.800918579101562, "source": "search", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs - American Football Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Dallas Texans", "passage": "Hunt's own team, the Dallas Texans, was located in his hometown where he would face direct competition from the NFL's newest expansion team, the Dallas Cowboys. In spite of this opposition from the established NFL, the Texans quickly made their mark as one of the new league's strongest teams. In their third season in 1962, they won the AFL championship with a 20-17 win over the Houston Oilers in a 77-minute, 54-second, two-overtime game, the longest pro football game ever played up to that time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.79576587677002, "source": "search", "title": "Kansas City Chiefs Team History | Pro Football Hall of ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Len Dawson", "passage": "Super Bowl IV (1970) – The Kansas City Chiefs lost the first Super Bowl, but they made it count the second time around. Quarterback Len Dawson had 142 yards and a touchdown as the Chiefs beat the Minnesota Vikings 23-7 in New Orleans. It was the second straight year that the AFL champions had defeated the NFL champions, and by the next season the two leagues had merged.", "precise_score": -2.238064765930176, "rough_score": -6.815298557281494, "source": "search", "title": "Photos of Super Bowl Most Valuable Players (MVPs ) - CNN" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jersey Joe Walcott", "passage": "He fought in 1940-1959, and finally became a world champion in 1950-1951 after he defeated the legend Joe Louis on September 27, 1950 in New York. After he lost his title defeated by Jersey Joe Walcott (PA, July 18, 1051), Charles failed twice in his attempt to get back the title from Rocky Marciano in 1954.", "precise_score": 0.4247243404388428, "rough_score": -0.6219187378883362, "source": "search", "title": "The Heavyweight Top Champions of All Time - Jeff's World ..." }, { "answer": "Jersey Joe Walcott", "passage": "He is the only man in history having a consecutive victory record 49-0 in his Heavyweight career. Marciano, started his debut in 1947 and announced retirement in 1956 when he was still a champion. The Brocton Blockbuster, the way he was called, seized the heavyweight championship title from Jersey Joe Walcott by KO13 on September 23 in PA. Marciano, the original Rocky, died in a plane crash in August 31, 1968 when he was 46.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.384541988372803, "source": "search", "title": "The Heavyweight Top Champions of All Time - Jeff's World ..." }, { "answer": "Jersey Joe Walcott", "passage": "18. Jersey Joe Walcott", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261899948120117, "source": "search", "title": "The Heavyweight Top Champions of All Time - Jeff's World ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "But if we’re talking about the record for the most dominant single season in tennis history, it’s hard to see how anyone will ever surpass the one that Steffi Graf put together in 1988. Not only did she become the first player in 18 years to capture the Holy Grail of tennis, the calendar-year Grand Slam, she became the first and so far only player to go the Grail one better and add an Olympic gold medal in the same year. The Golden Slam, as it’s now known, stands alone.", "precise_score": 5.29356050491333, "rough_score": 5.447965145111084, "source": "search", "title": "tennis.com - 1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Graf would have a chance to go one better than Budge, and the rest of the sport’s single-year Slammers. In 1988, tennis became an Olympic sport again for the first time since 1924. It was, if nothing else, a chance for Steffi Graf to win another title. After a short post-U.S. Open break, she headed for Seoul, where she lost just one set in running through the draw. Sabatini was waiting for her in the gold-medal match, but she didn’t have to wait long. Graf, with no mid-match hiccups this time, beat her 6-3, 6-3.", "precise_score": 6.814288139343262, "rough_score": 6.662873268127441, "source": "search", "title": "tennis.com - 1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf - The Only Tennis Player to Win a Golden Slam in 1988 | STEVE G TENNIS", "precise_score": 7.752346992492676, "rough_score": 3.90749192237854, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf – The Only Tennis Player to Win a Golden Slam ..." }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "For those fortunate enough, winning a Grand Slam singles event is the pinnacle of a career, never to be repeated again. Winning more than one proves to the world that your first was not just a ‘flash in the pan’. A select group of players have managed to win a career Grand Slam. An even more select group has managed to win a calendar Grand Slam – Don Budge (1938) and Rod Laver among the men (Laver on two occasions in 1962 and 1969) and among the women, Maureen Connolly (1953), Margaret Court (1970) and Steffi Graf (1988) (Player Profile) . Only Graf, however, has succeeded in winning a calendar year Golden Slam – the four Majors and an Olympic gold medal all in one year, in Graf’s case in 1988.", "precise_score": 6.842645168304443, "rough_score": 6.882637023925781, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf – The Only Tennis Player to Win a Golden Slam ..." }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "There are some who came close to Graf’s achievement. A career Golden Slam was secured by the Woodies and the Bryan Brothers in doubles and who knows what Grand Slammers Pam Schriver and Martina Navratilova might have achieved in women’s doubles had tennis been an official Olympic sport in 1984. Serena Williams, Rafa Nadal and Andre Agassi also have a career Golden Slam in singles. Steffi Graf’s achievement, however, stands far above all others and is unlikely to be overturned in the foreseeable future. Her 1988 Golden Slam is the true ‘gold standard’ of the game.", "precise_score": 6.328611373901367, "rough_score": 7.42880916595459, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf – The Only Tennis Player to Win a Golden Slam ..." }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "In 1984, Steffi Graf, just 15 years old, won the Olympic tennis demonstration tournament despite being its youngest entrant. By 1987 she was ranked number one in the world. In 1988, Graf won the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and, less than a week before the Seoul Olympic Games, the US Open. This made her only the fifth player in history to win tennis' Grand Slam.", "precise_score": 7.007636070251465, "rough_score": 6.418739318847656, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi GRAF - Olympic Tennis | Germany" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf and Andre Agassi may have won the small matter of 30 grand slam singles titles between them but for the most famous couple in tennis their Olympic gold medals are the most cherished moments of legendary playing careers.", "precise_score": 5.382781505584717, "rough_score": 4.1280131340026855, "source": "search", "title": "Golden moments: Agassi and Graf relive Olympic glory - CNN" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "* Steffi Graf (22)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35362720489502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "As with the men there are frequent discussions about who is the greatest female singles player of all time with Steffi Graf, Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams being the three players most often nominated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.858560562133789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "In March 2012 the TennisChannel published a combined list of the 100 greatest men and women tennis players of all time. It ranked Steffi Graf as the greatest female player (in 3rd place overall), followed by Martina Navratilova (4th place) and Margaret Court (8th place). The rankings were determined by an international panel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.04327392578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf is considered by some to be the greatest female player. Billie Jean King said in 1999, \"Steffi is definitely the greatest women's tennis player of all time.\" Martina Navratilova has included Graf on her list of great players. In December 1999, Graf was named the greatest female tennis player of the 20th century by a panel of experts assembled by the Associated Press. Tennis writer Steve Flink, in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century, named her as the best female player of the 20th century, directly followed by Martina Navratilova. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.440376281738281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "* Steffi Graf (1993–94)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.912208557128906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Slam (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Eight men and ten women have won Career Grand Slams in singles play (rows one and two); among them two men and five women have at least two Career Grand Slams in singles (column three). Since the beginning of the open era, five men and six women have achieved this (Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic; Margaret Court, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.327856540679932, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Slam (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Each woman's \"first wins\" in the four Majors are listed chronologically and their ages upon completion of the Slam are given in brackets. Five of the ten women achieved at least two career Slams, two of the ten have achieved three careers slams and Steffi Graf is the only player to achieve four career Slams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.297393798828125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Slam (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf (1988 Australian Open, 1988 French Open, 1988 Wimbledon Championships, 1988 US Open, and 1988 Olympic gold medal)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.950632929801941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Slam (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf (1987 WTA Tour Championships, 1988 Australian Open, 1988 French Open, 1988 Wimbledon Championships, 1988 US Open & 1988 Olympic gold medal)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0157579183578491, "source": "wiki", "title": "Grand Slam (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam | TENNIS.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5798206329345703, "source": "search", "title": "tennis.com - 1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1234536170959473, "source": "search", "title": "tennis.com - 1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Tags: 50th Anniversary Moments , Martina Navratilova , Steffi Graf", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.103187561035156, "source": "search", "title": "tennis.com - 1988: Steffi Graf Wins the Golden Slam" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "SEOUL, South Korea, Saturday, Oct. 1— When she arrived in Seoul more than two weeks ago, an Olympic gold medal appeared out of reach for Steffi Graf. The pursuit of the Grand Slam had taken its toll, the mental and physical exhaustion having drained her of her customary resolve, eliminating the bounce in her step as she moves at that familiar, no-nonsense pace around a court. Perhaps she was trying to accomplish too much in one year, after all.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.365333080291748, "source": "search", "title": "THE SEOUL OLYMPICS - TENNIS - Graf Adds Gold to Her Grand ..." }, { "answer": "Peter Graf", "passage": "As the Olympics progressed, however, Graf slowly became rejunvenated. She is a track fan who could easily make the West German team, her father, Peter Graf, said. Steffi even went for some runs on the training track at the Athlete's Village, outpacing a former Olympian, Harold Schmidt. Her enthusiasm returned and it showed on the court in her last two matches. Year to Remember", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031768798828125, "source": "search", "title": "THE SEOUL OLYMPICS - TENNIS - Graf Adds Gold to Her Grand ..." }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "For the first time, all three medallists in equestrian dressage were women. Swedish fencer Kerstin Palm became the first woman to take part in seven Olympic Games, and table tennis made its Olympic debut. Tennis also returned to the programme after a hiatus of 64 years. The event was open to professionals, and Steffi Graf concluded her Grand Slam tennis season by winning Olympic gold.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5493544340133667, "source": "search", "title": "Seoul 1988 Summer Games Olympics - results & video highlights" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi GRAF - Olympic Tennis | Germany", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.498383522033691, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi GRAF - Olympic Tennis | Germany" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi GRAF", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401388168334961, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi GRAF - Olympic Tennis | Germany" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Widely regarded as one of the best players in the game’s history, Steffi Graf now lives in Las Vegas, USA, with her husband, American tennis great Andre Agassi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.873797416687012, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi GRAF - Olympic Tennis | Germany" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.500494003295898, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401388168334961, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf started playing tennis at age 3, coached by her father. Under the local tennis program, as the best girl player, she was matched up against the worst boy player -- who was usually Boris Becker . After winning the German Juniors and the European Juniors, she turned pro on October 18, 1982. The next day, she lost to Tracy Austin , who was less-than impressed with the 13 year old, telling reporters there were \"hundreds of girls\" like Graf back in the States. Peter kept a tight rein on Steffi's schedule to ensure that she wouldn't \"burn out\" as she climbed up the rankings. She finally won her first title on April 13, 1986, defeating Chris Evert at the Family Circle Cup. In total, Graf won 107 singles titles (third all-time behind Martina Navratilova and Evert), including 22 majors (second all-time).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1935505867004395, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Peter Graf", "passage": "Daughter of Peter Graf and Heidi Graf . Sister of Michael Graf . Peter spent nearly two years in jail after being convicted in 1997 of evading $7 million in taxes on her earnings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.318541526794434, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Subject of \"I'm in Love with Steffi Graf\" by Hugh Laurie on A Bit of Fry and Laurie (1987).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.857206344604492, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Love match – Steffi Graf and Andre Agassi married in 2001 and still pair up in mixed doubles exhibition matches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.950943946838379, "source": "search", "title": "Golden moments: Agassi and Graf relive Olympic glory - CNN" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf and Andre Agassi both won Olympic gold medals in singles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.475582122802734, "source": "search", "title": "Golden moments: Agassi and Graf relive Olympic glory - CNN" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.54367446899414, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays" }, { "answer": "Steffi Graf", "passage": "Steffi Graf", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401389122009277, "source": "search", "title": "Steffi Graf - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays" } ]

[ { "answer": "Walker Smith Jr.", "passage": "Although this charismatic boxer was born Walker Smith Jr., he is best remembered as \"Sugar\" Ray Robinson. Born on May 3, 1921 in Ailey, Georgia, his parents moved the family to New York when Sugar Ray was a teenager to escape the prevalent prejudice in the South. It was there, in a Harlem gym, that he was first introduced to boxing. Sugar Ray visited the gym frequently, using a borrowed Amateur Athletic Union boxing card of a friend. The friend's name, incidentally, was Ray Robinson.", "precise_score": 6.387430191040039, "rough_score": 6.164984226226807, "source": "search", "title": "mr. walker smith jr. -aka- “sugar ... - Sugar Ray Robinson" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Sugar Ray Robinson, born Walker Smith Jr., (May 3, 1921 – April 12, 1989) was a professional boxer. Robinson was 85-0 as an amateur and 69 of those victories came by knock out or TKO. As a holder of many boxing records, Robinson was the first boxer in history to win a divisional world championship five times, a feat he accomplished by defeating Carmen Basilio in 1958 to regain the world middleweight title he had lost to Basilio the previous year. Robinson also held the world welterweight title from 1946 to 1951.", "precise_score": 4.995001316070557, "rough_score": 5.934815883636475, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Walker Smith Jr.", "passage": "Born Walker Smith Jr., Robinson was born in Detroit , Michigan and grew up in Harlem as well. Robinson's father, Walker Sr., worked as a laborer on construction during the day and on a sewer project at night. His mother, Leila worked as a chambermaid and later would become a seamstress.", "precise_score": 2.7539100646972656, "rough_score": 6.36830997467041, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "A Tribute dedicated to Walker Smith Jr better known as Sugar Ray Robinson who in many peoples eyes was the greatest boxer of all time.", "precise_score": 7.540009498596191, "rough_score": 8.673127174377441, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - Highlights Sweet As Sugar ᴴᴰ ..." }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "The Official Site of Sugar Ray Robinson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.837684631347656, "source": "search", "title": "mr. walker smith jr. -aka- “sugar ... - Sugar Ray Robinson" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "1000+ images about Walker Smith Jr. on Pinterest | Sugar ray robinson, Pound for pound and Boxing", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4435863494873047, "source": "search", "title": "Walker Smith Jr. on Pinterest | Sugar Ray Robinson, Pound ..." }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Sugar Ray Robinson winds up the left hook that will knock out Carl \"Bobo\" Olsen in the fourth round of their middleweight championship fight at Wrigley Field", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740678787231445, "source": "search", "title": "Walker Smith Jr. on Pinterest | Sugar Ray Robinson, Pound ..." }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.486287117004395, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.254528999328613, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Gainford also ran bootleg boxing matches, which would later lead to the introduction of Sugar Ray Robinson. Although he was not allowed to box initially, Smith Jr. was allowed to follow Gainford around simply to take in the sport. One particular night, Gainford was short a fighter and Smith Jr. volunteered to fill his place. Unfortunately, an Amateur Athletic Union identity card was necessary in order to signify Amateur status. Gainford, however, had a card from his friend Ray Robinson, and allowed Smith Jr. to use it, thus Smith Jr. would become the 1940 Golden Gloves lightweight champion under that name. Subsequently told that his style was \"sweet as sugar,\" Walker Smith, Jr. became known as \"Sugar\" Ray Robinson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8635094165802, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Sugar Ray Robinson retired from the ring with a record of 175-19-6-2 (110 KOs) in 202 professional bouts, ranking him among the most prolific knock-out kings of all time. In 2003, Ring magazine ranked him number 11 in the list of all-time greatest punchers in history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.049598693847656, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "A month after his last fight, he was honored and presented with a large trophy on Sugar Ray Robinson Night on December 10, 1965 in New York's Madison Square Garden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.463846206665039, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Robinson was elected to the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1967, two years after he retired. In 1969 he founded the Sugar Ray Robinson Youth Foundation for inner-city Los Angeles area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.719931125640869, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Sugar Ray Robinson - Highlights Sweet As Sugar ᴴᴰ :: WikiBit.me", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.728431701660156, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - Highlights Sweet As Sugar ᴴᴰ ..." }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Sugar Ray Robinson - Highlights Sweet As Sugar ᴴᴰ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.666502952575684, "source": "search", "title": "Sugar Ray Robinson - Highlights Sweet As Sugar ᴴᴰ ..." }, { "answer": "Walker Smith Jr.", "passage": "Today in Masonic History - \"Sugar\" Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) is Born", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.7636210918426514, "source": "search", "title": "\"Sugar\" Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) is Born" }, { "answer": "Walker Smith Jr.", "passage": "\"Sugar\" Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) is Born", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0149471759796143, "source": "search", "title": "\"Sugar\" Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) is Born" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Today in Masonic History Sugar Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) is born in 1921.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2396717071533203, "source": "search", "title": "\"Sugar\" Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) is Born" }, { "answer": "Sugar Ray Robinson", "passage": "Sugar Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) was an American boxer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.525850296020508, "source": "search", "title": "\"Sugar\" Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) is Born" }, { "answer": "Walker Smith Jr.", "passage": "Robinson was born Walker Smith Jr. in or around Detroit Michigan. At the age of 12, Robinson's parents separated and Robinson moved with his mother to Harlem. When he was younger Robinson aspired to be a doctor. In the 9th grade he dropped out of Dewitt Clinton High School and began pursuing a boxing career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.6728901863098145, "source": "search", "title": "\"Sugar\" Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr.) is Born" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kansas Cannonball", "passage": "What is the nickname of record-breaking sprinter Maurice Greene?*Kansas Cannonball", "precise_score": 8.654592514038086, "rough_score": 10.107098579406738, "source": "search", "title": "What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball ..." }, { "answer": "Mo greene", "passage": "I have to admit, Mo Greene has always been one of my favorite athletes. In his day, Mo Greene was showman, great sprinter and hugely talented and focused athlete. Now, Mo Greene is media mogul, track coach and Olympic champion. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5778613090515137, "source": "search", "title": "Going With The Mo, Decorated Sprint Great Maurice Greene ..." }, { "answer": "Mo greene", "passage": "Dave Hunter interviewed Mo Greene for RunBlogRun, for which we have this superb read for today, September 4, 2013. Please enjoy! ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.481374740600586, "source": "search", "title": "Going With The Mo, Decorated Sprint Great Maurice Greene ..." }, { "answer": "Mo greene", "passage": "Mo Greene, photo courtesy of  PhotoRun/IAAF Communications", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.336267948150635, "source": "search", "title": "Going With The Mo, Decorated Sprint Great Maurice Greene ..." }, { "answer": "Kansas Cannonball", "passage": "What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball?*Cricket Who was the first U.S. volleyball player to win three Olympic gold medals?*Karch Kiraly What was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980's?*The Los Angeles Dodgers What NFL team is known as the \"ain'ts\" when on a losing streak?*The New Orleans Saints What's an NBA player deemed to be if he's received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy?*The most valuable player What Washington Capitals goalie earned the nicknames \"Ace\" and \"Net Detective\"?*Jim Carey What NBA team plays home games in the Alamo dome?*The San Antonio Spurs Who graciously switched to number 77 so Phil Esposito's number 7 could be retired in Boston Garden?*Raymond Bourque What company's logo is called the \"swoosh\"?*Nike's What Rd Sox catcher's erect posture earned him the clubhouse nickname \"Frankenstein\"?*Carlton Fisk's What sport did Herve Filion top with a record of 14,084 wins?*Harness racing What team hired the NFL's first professional cheerleading squad, in 1972?*The Dallas Cowboys What Native American language was Super Bowl XXX the first to be broadcast in?*Navajo What nickname do boxing fans call 300-pound Eric Esch, King of the Four-Rounders?*Butterbean What 1995 World Series team were both picketed by the American Indian Movement?*The Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians What diet drink was hyped by Coca-Cola for having only only calorie, in 1963?*Tab What comic actor scored huge sales with his Bad Golf Made Easy instructional videos?*Leslie Nielsen What country fielded 1996 Olympic women's teams that won gold in basketball, soccer and softball?*The U.S What Grand Slam golf tournament has the most clubhousers sipping mint juleps?*The Masters Who is the only tennis player to have won each of the four grand slam events at least four times?*Steffi Graf What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys?*The 1960's Who was able to set NFL rushing records because of his \"big but\" according to Chicago Bears trainer Frank Caito?*Walter Payton What position must college footballers play to receive the Davey O'Brien Award?*Quarterback What disorder did Muhammad Ali develop after years of catching blows?*Parkinson's syndrome What are the only three European countries to have won soccer's World Cup?*England, Italy, West Germany What is the common term for the tennis ailment \"lateral humeral epicondylitis\"?*Tennis Elbow What racing competition became a best-of-nine series in 1995?*The America's Cup Who was the first athlete to rap at a Pro Bowl musical gala in 1995?*Deion Sanders What woman won five U.S. figure skating titles from 6 to 173, but never an Olympic gold medal?*Janet Lynn Who was the first female jockey to win five races in one day at a New York track?*Julie Krone What teams played in the first all-California Super Bowl?*The San Francisco 49ers and the San Diego Chargers What two players are tied for second behind Ty Cobb in total career runs?*Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth What Indiana Pacer did Knicks fan Spike Lee anger during the 1994 playoffs by calling him \"Cheryl\"?*Reggie Miller What franchise has played in the most NBA finals since 1947?*Lakers What two NBA players won the MVP trophy three times each from 1986 through 1992?*Magic Johnson and Michael Jordan What player did the Boston Celtics draft between won-lost seasons of 29-53 and 61-21?*Larry Bird What Baltic country did Portland Trail Blazer Arvydas Sabonis play for at the 1996 Olympics?*Lithuania What NBA team became the first to defeat the Boston Celtics in 12 straight games, in 1995?*The New York Knicks Who was the first hoopster to win eight NBA scoring titles?*Michael Jordan What NBA team is known in China as \"the Red Oxen\"?*The Chicago Bulls Who was the last Boston Celtics coach to lead the team to two straight NBA titles?*Bill Russell What two NBA stars did Forbes list as the highest paid athletes for 1994?*Michael Jordan and Shaquille O'Neal What NBA coach got cosmic by penning the Zen book Sacred Hoops: Spiritual Lessons of a Hardwood Warrior?*Phil Jackson Who earned $32 million of his $36 million 1993 earnings from endorsements?*Michael Jordan What 20th-century decade saw the NBA adopt the 24-second shot clock?*The 1950s What 1960 rookie bested the league's \"triple double\" record of two during his first week in the NBA?*Oscar Robertson What seven-foot-two Chicago Bulls hoopster was the first Australian to lay in the NBA?*Luke Longley What future NBA star was dubbed \"Boy Gorge\" when his weight passed 300 pounds in college?*Charles Barkley What Lakers coach had been an 11th-round pick in the 1967 NFL draft?*Pat Riley What NBA team plays home games at a facility nicknamed \"The O-rena\"?*Orlando Magic Who became the NBA's winningest coach ever on January 6, 1995?*Lenny Wilkins Who netted an NBA record 72.7 field goal percentage in the 1972-73 season?*Wilt Chamberlain What sports team got its name because its owners wanted to \"set the pace\" in the NBA?*The Indiana Pacers What NBA star attempted a record 28,307 field goals in regular season games?*Kareem Abdul-Jabbar What NBA team started out in 1948 as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks?*The Atlanta Hawks What NBA team failed to make the playoffs in 1994 for the first time since 1976?*Lakers What basketball team was the first in major league sports to be named for an insect?*Hornets What L.A. Lakers great might have played for Chicago if the Bulls had called \"tails\" in a 1979 NBA coin toss?*Magic Johnson What Chicago Bulls coach has checked into hotels under the pseudonym \"Mr. Red Cloud\"?*Phil Jackson What NBA team is named after a car part?*Detroit Pistons What hoopster scored in double figures in 787 straight games, from December 4, 1977 to December 4, 1987?*Kareem Abdul-Jabbar What NBA team retired jersey numbers 3, 33, 32, and 35 in the 1990s?*Boston Celtics What NBA team plays home games in an arena located at Two Pennsylvania Plaza?*New York Knicks What NBA hoopster averaged an amazing 48.5 minutes per game, including overtime, in the 1961-62 season?*Wilt Chamberlin What NBA hoopster is known as \"The Worm\"?*Dennis Rodman What NBA star retired for the third time on May 14, 1996?*Magic Johnson How many rules did James Naismith originally write to define basketball --13, 33, or 53?*Thirteen Who led the NBA in hair colors in 1995?*Dennis Rodman What seven-foot-one NBA center's first name translates as \"little one\"?*Shaquille O'Neal What do you have to be in the NBA to win the Eddie Gottlieb Trophy?*Rookie of the year Whose all-time NBA assists record was broken by John Stockton in 1995?*Magic Johnson What basketball team had drubbed the New Jersey Reds 2,495 times straight before losing to them 100-99 in 1971?*Harlem Globetrotters What city decided to call its new NBA team the Grizzlies, after much debate?*Vancouver Whose 1996 return to the NBA earned him simultaneous Time, Newsweek, U.S. News and Sports Illustrated covers?*Magic Johnson What Celtics star of the 1980s did the Boston Globe say looked like Herman Munster?*Kevin McHale What was the first NBA team to win 70 games or more in the regular season?*Chicago Bulls Who holds the NBA scoring mark for a single half, with 59 points?*Wilt Chamberlin What nickname did NBA star Karl Malone earn for his ability to deliver in the clutch?*The Mailman How many NBA titles did Magic Johnson help the Lakers win as a player?*5 What former L.A. Lakers guard became the team's general manger?*Jerry West What hoopsters did major league pitchers Bob Gibson and Ferguson Jenkins once play for?*Harlem Globetrotters What school gained more yards and scored more points than any team in Southeastern Conference history in 1995?*The Florida Gators What head coach tried to soothe the egos of Dream Team III?*Lenny Wilkins Who's second to Sam Snead in PGA Tour wins?*Jack Nicklaus What quarterback got stuck with the given names Yelberton Abraham?*Y.A. Tittle Which two cities have the oldest stadiums in major league baseball?*Boston and Detroit What's the last name of NFL All-Pro brothers Shannon and Sterling?*Sharpe What baseball announcer's 1996 funeral was attended b y Joe DiMaggio, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford and Phil Rizzuto?*Mel Allen What position did Cal Ripkin Jr., start at for the first time since 1982, in a July, 1996 game?*Third base What Pro Football Hall of Famer was the first to get a second bust in the Hall, for broadcasting?*Frank Gifford What team did Yankees pitcher Don Larsen blank when he hurled the first perfect game, in the 1956 World Series?*The Brooklyn Dodgers What did an MIT instructor add to a baseball bat to reduce its air drag by 60 percent?*Dimples What recreational activity is second on popularity only to walking in the U.S.?*Swimming What's the most common nickname for a major league baseball pitcher?*Lefty Who was the NBA Coach of the Year trophy named after?*Red Auerbach What major leaguer hit 20 or more homers in 20 seasons?*Hank Aaron What Cowboy's 99-yard run from scrimmage put him in the NFL record book in 1983?*Tony Dorsett's What did college student Joseph Deliberato swallow a record 89 of at one sitting in 1939?*Goldfish How many home run titles did Roger Maris win?*One What Indiana Pacer did Knicks fan Spike Lee anger during the 1994 playoffs by calling him \"Cheryl\"?*Reggie Miller What two NBA players won the MVP trophy three times each from 1986 through 1992?*Magic Johnson and Michael Jordan What shortstop holds the major league records for games played, assists and double plays?*Ozzie Smith What NBA team became the first to defeat the Boston Celtics in 12 straight games in 1995?*The New York Nicks What baseball team's games are announced on TV by Skip Carey?*The Atlanta Braves What Brooklyn Dodgers great got his nickname for hat he called his shooter when playing marbles as a child?*Pee Wee Reese What baseball team has a monthly newsletter called \"The Vineline\"?*The Chicago Cubs What's the surfing term for a fast ride with five toes hooked over the board?*Hang Five What three 49er have earned super Bowl MVP honors through 1996?*Joe Montana, Jerry Rice, Steve Young What decade saw the NFL ban blocking below the waist and head slapping?*The 1970's What's the last Grand Slam tennis tournament played in a calendar year?*The U.S. Open What racket sport can be played with four balls of differing bouncing qualities?*Squash What brilliant name did the Texas Rangers choose for their ballpark?*The Ballpark What are sportsmen hoping to find in a creel?*Fish Who wore shoes labeled \"Air Uta\" during her 1995 Boston Marathon victory?*Uta Pippig Who usually finished last in Edmonton Oilers strength tests, in the 1980s?*Wayne Gretzky What pro athlete is nicknamed \"The Dream\"?*Hakeem Olajuwon What Giant's bone-crushing 1985 tackle ended Joe Theismann's career?*Lawrence Taylor What sport features strikers and sweepers?*Soccer What Mariner's 15 homers in May of 1994 were more than the entire Montreal Expos team managed?*Ken Griffey Jr. How many of the five boroughs does the New York City marathon run through?*5 What new pitch helped Carl Hubbell win 24 straight games in the 1930s?*The Screwball How many holes are in the original Wiffle ball?*Eight What sport accounted for five of the top ten highest grossing sports movies, through 1994?*Boxing What pro sport tries to break ties with a sudden-death overtime period of five minutes?*Hockey What do you call the stick you use to push a shuffleboard disc?*A cue What state is allowed to compete separately from the U.S. at international surfing meets.?*Hawaii What name did the athletic teams go by at Jack Nicklaus' high school?*The Golden Bears Who was the first African-American to win the U.S. and world figure skating singles titles?*Debi Thomas What U.S. track star did French writers dub La gazelle in 1960?*Wilma Rudoph What racket sport involves bashing a bird?*Badminton How many of every ten pro athletes in the U.S. are African - American?*One What sport features such plays as the flare, fly, buttonhook and post?*Football What Celtics announcer found he could hear much better after a doctor discovered a radio ear plug in his ear?*Johnny Most What team sport was 1995's fastest-growing sport in the U.S., up 43 percent since 1994?*Roller Hockey What nation's Black Magic I sailed away with a five-zero America's Cup win in 1995?*New Zealand What team has the highest Stanley Cup playoff winning percentage?*The Edmonton Oilers What baseball team has a monthly newsletter called The Vineline?The Chicago Cubs Q: What are the only three European countries to have won soccer's World Cup?*England, Italy, West Germany Q: What heavyweight was Tony \"Two Ton\" Galento referring to when he said in 1939 \"I'll molder de bum\"?*Joe Lewis Q: What sport did Herve Filion top with a record of 14,084 wins?*Harness racing Q: What two continents fielded teams in the World League of American Football, in 1991?*Europe and North America Q: Who was able to set NFL rushing records because of his \"big butt,\" according to Chicago Bears trainer Frank Caito?*Walter Payton Q: Who was the first U.S. volleyball player to win three Olympic gold medals?*Karch Kiraly Q: What movie did Michael Eisner say was his \"market research\" for Disney's NHL entry?*The Mighty Ducks Q: What was the only team to win two World Series in the 1980s?*The Los Angeles Dodgers Q: What league was Gino Cappelletti the top scorer of in the 1960s, with 1,100 points?*The American Football League Q: What position did Cal Ripkin Jr., start at for the first time since 1982, in a July, 1996 game?*Third base Q: What decade saw the NFL ban blocking below the waist and head slapping?*The 1970s Q: What Yankee pitcher holds World Series records for games won and games lost?*Whitey Ford Q: What baseball announcer's 1996 funeral was attended by Joe DiMaggio, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford and Phil Rizzuto?*Mel Allen Q: What major leaguer hit 20 or more homers in 20 seasons?*Hank Aaron Q: What baseballer said of Biloxi Blues: \"It reminded me of being in the Army, even though I was in the Navy:?*Yogi Berra Q: What South African has traveled more miles than any athlete in history?*Gary Player Q: What team had a camp so grueling it was dubbed \" Fort Landry\"?*The Dallas Cowboys Q: What former Bruin defenseman was the first to skate on Boston's new Feet Center ice?*Bobby Orr Q: What down-under sport is a cross between soccer and rugby?*Australian Rules Football Q: How long is the longest race on the NASCAR circuit?*600 miles Q: What U.S. college sport honors its best player with the Hobey Baker Award?*Hockey Q: What horse tied, but could not break, Citation's 16-race consecutive win streak?*Cigar Q: Who was the first major leaguer to hit home runs in his teens and n his forties?*Ty Cobb Q: Who was the only soccer player to play on three World Cup-winning teams?*Pele Q: What ballplayer was dubbed \" The Iron Bird\"?*Cal Ripken Jr. Q: What does the Lindy Worm Blower allegedly enhance your chances of doing?*Catching fish Q: What pro sport was played by Lu Blue, Pebbly Jack Glasscock and Mordecai Peter Centennial \"Three Finger\" Brown?*Baseball Q: What pro team made it to the playoffs a record 29 straight times, in 1996?*The Boston Bruins Q: What essential do track racing bicycles lack that a recreational rider wouldn't be caught dead without?*Brakes Q: What weighty Japanese sport has participants known as rikishi?*Sumo wrestling Q: What 28-year-old ice skater died of a sudden heart attack in November, 1995?*Sergei Grinkov Q: What golfer made a comeback from chemotherapy and radiation treatment for lymphoma in 1994?*Paul Azinger Q: Who was the last person to win back to back World Series of Poker Tournament ?*Johnny Chan Q: What golfer beat Porky Oliver at the 1946 PGA Championship to win his first major?*Ben Hogan Q: What multi-nicknamed Yankees great suggested he be called \"The Idol of the American Boy\"?*Babe Ruth Q: What two-time All-Big-Eight defensive back at Colorado won three U.S. Open golf titles?*Hale Irwin Q: Who topped the PGA Tour in earnings for five years in the 1970s?*Jack Nicklaus Q: What golf tourney banned sportscaster Gary McCord for calling course bumps \"body bags\" and suggesting \"bikini wax\" sped the greens?*The Masters Q: What dreaded golf shot occurs when the ball is hit with the hosel of the club?*A Shank Q: What decade saw names first appear on the backs of NFL jerseys?*The 1960s Q: What Pro Football Hall of Famer was the first to get a second bust in the Hall, for broadcasting?*Frank Gifford Q: What three 49ers have earned Super Bowl MVP honors, through 1996?*Joe Montana, Jerry Rice, Steve Young Q: What Brooklyn Dodgers great got his nick name for what he called his shooter when playing marbles as a child?*\"Pee Wee\" Reese Q: What sport was popularized by Olympic swimmer Duke Kahanamoku?*Surfing Q: What NBA star refuses to have the hot water turned on at his Chicago home because he rarely takes showers there?*Dennis Rodman Q: What's an NBA player deemed to be if he's received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy?*Most Valuable Player Q: What's the last name of NFL All Pro brothers Shannon and Sterling?*Sharpe Q: Who is the only tennis player to have won each of the four grand slam events at least four times?*Steffi Graf Q: What position must college footballers play to receive the Davey O'Brien Award?*Quarterback Q: What NBA team charges $600 for a floor seal at a regular season game?*The Los Angeles Lakers Q: What's the fastest engine-powered sport?*Airplane racing Q: What heavyweight was Tony \"Two Ton\" Galento referring to when he said in 1939:\"I'll molder de bum\"?*Joe Luis Q: What Oakland Athletic hit the longest homer in Cumiskey Park history, and followed it the next day with one twenty feet longer?*Mark McGwire Q: Who coached the Detroit Red Wings to 62 wins in 1995-96, breaking Scotty Bowman's mark of 60 with Montréal in 1976-77?*Scotty Bowman Q: What team ended 54 years of frustration by winning the Stanley Cup in 1994?*The New York Rangers Q: What Alabama-born football and baseball star was named after the actor who played Dr. Ben Casey on TV?*Vince Edward \"Bo\" Jackson In horse racing, in which city is the Japan Cup held?*Tokyo In what year was soccer's last World Cup of the 80s held?*1986 In 1993 Michael Jordan gave up basketball to try which sport?*Baseball What is the first name of athlete Joyner Kersee?*Jackie Which country's soccer team was captained by Dunga?*Brazil What is the color of the stage leader's jersey in the Tour de France?*Yellow In basket ball, where do the Suns come from?*Phoenix Which fellow American said with Arnold Palmer that his 1995 British Open would be his last?*Jack Nicklaus Which Nancy was elected to the Golfing Hall of Fame in 1987?*Lopez Mark Spitz landed how many gold medals in the 1972 Olympics?*Seven Yapping Deng was a world champion in which sport?*Table Tennis Which golfer born in 1929 was the first to earn over $1 million?*Arnold Palmer In which sport were Lonsdale Belts awarded?*Boxing Which member of the Howe family held a record that Wayne Gretzky overtook in the 1980s?*Gordie In which sport does the Fastnet Race take place?*Yachting What type of speed event is Bonnie Blair famous for?*Speed skating Which Martina dominated tennis in the 80s?*Navratilova Which baseball team are Giants?*San Francisco In 1994 who had a public off-rink battle with Tony Harding?*Nancy Kerrigan The Australian Dawn Fraser was famous for which sport?*Swimming Which San Francisco team did Joe Montana play for through most of the 80s?*49ers Who did Magic Johnson play for throughout the 80s?*Los Angeles Lakers The final of which tennis Grand Slam tournament is played in a Meadow?*US Open At which circuit does Formula 1's San Marino Grand Prix take place?*Imola The Fosbury Flop was developed in which sport?*High jump Where did Johnny Miller win his first Major?*Oakmont, Pennsylvania At which venue did Tony Jacklin win the US Open?*Hazeltine, Minnesota Which football team did Jim Brown join in 1957?*Cleveland Browns In which decade did Bonnie Blair set her first world record?*1980s In which country was Wayne Gretzky born?*Canada Who set a record fro most NBA points in a season in 1961-62?Wilt Chamberlain Who was MVP in the first-ever Super Bowl?*Bart Starr How many members joined the original International Amateur Athletic Federation?*17 Which team did Wayne Gretzky join in 1988?*Los Angeles Kings Sergey Bubka has broken the world record on over 30 occasions in which event?*Pole Vault Which position did Jim Brown play?*Fullback Which Jimmy was tennis No 1 for five years in the 70s?*Connors Which team in the 80s won the Super Bowl by the biggest margin?*Chicago Bears Who was Czechoslovakia's only Wimbledon Men's Singles winner of the 20th century, playing as a Czech?*Jan Kodes The Ali v Foreman fight of 1974 was outside which city?*Kinshasa In what year was Larry Bird first named NBA's MVP?*1984 Who was the first British man to be British and UL Open champion at the same time?*Tony Jacklin In which 20th-century decade did professional players make up a dream team in the Olympic Games in basketball?*1990s Who was Jermaine O'Neal playing against when he made his debut in 1996?*Denver Nuggets Who was Mike Tyson's manager in the late 1980s?*Bill Cayton Which country did 70s French Open women's singles winner \"Virginia Rusici come from?*Romania What are the first names of the Williams sisters?*Venus and Serena Where in 1912 did Jim Thorpe win Olympic gold in the pentathlon and the decathlon?*Stockholm, Sweden Which country does tennis player Pat Rafter come from?*Australia Whose home runs record did Mark McGwire beak in the 1998 season?*Roger Maris Which country won most medals in the last 20th century winter Olympics?*Germany Which newspaper owner bought the Boston Red Sox in 1910?*John Taylor In what year were the Dallas Cowboys founded?*1960 In basketball, which Red was coach of the year in 1965?*Red Auerbach What is Denise Lewis's main athletic event?*Heptathlon In the 1978 US Masters, who was leading Gary Player be seven strokes only to lose by a single stroke?*Hubert Green What distance is the Breeders' Cup Classic?*One and a quarter miles Why does the leader of the Tour de France wear a yellow jersey?*Its sponsor printed its newspaper on yellow paper. What was the team fee when the NFL was first formed?*$100 In golf, who presents the green jacket to the US Masters winner?*Previous year's winner Walter Swinburne won his first English Derby on which great horse?*Shergar Which British golfer regained the US Masters in 1996?*Nick Faldo How many times did the New York Yankees win the World Series in the 1970s?*Twice In which league did Joe DiMaggio begin his playing career?*Pacific Coast League Where was the first Super Bowl of the 80s held?*Rose Bowl, Pasadena How old was Pete Sampras when he first won the US Open?*19 In hockey, what is the Ross Trophy awarded for?*Top points scorer Where did golfer Mark Calcavecchia win his only British Open?*Troon What distance is the Breeder's Cup Juvenile?*1 mile Who came up with the name the Super Bowl?*Lamar Hunt Michael Jordan was a super scorer for which team?*Chicago Bulls Who was the USA's hockey coach at the 1980 Olympics?*Herb Brooks Who was the only Chinese track and field athlete to win gold in Atlanta in 1996?*Wang Junxia Who beat the Babe Ruth's record 714 home runs in 1974?*Hank Aaron Which Major League baseball team signed Jackie Robinson in 1946?*Brooklyn Dodgers Motor racing's Juan Manuel Fangio came from which country?*Argentina In which 90s year did none of the four golf majors go to an American?*1993 Who fought the first world title fight between two undefeated world heavyweight champions?*Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier Who, along with the Montreal Canadians, are the only founding members of the NHL remaining?*Toronto Maple Leafs Who did Pete Sampras beat in the final to take his sixth Wimbledon singles title?*Andre Agassi Who rode the first European-trained horse to win one of the triple Crown races?*Michael Kinane What is the lowest total for the British Open in the 20th century?*267 Who did Kareem Abdul-Jabbar play for before he joined the Los Angeles Lakers in 1976?*Milwaukee Bucks Who did Babe Ruth play for before joining the New York Yankees?*Boston Red Sox In which event in Atlanta in 1996 did Croatia win their first ever Olympic title?*Handball Jon Juneau was world champion in which sport?*Tenpin bowling How many times did the Boston Celtics win the NBA championship between 1957 and 1969?*11 Which country did long distance runner Emil Zatopek come from?*Czechoslovakia What was Jack Dempsey's nickname?*Manassa Mauler Who was Pete Sampras's coach when he won his first US Open?*Joe Brandi Which horse was Horse of the Year from 1960 to 1964?*Kelso Who was the first athlete to set six track and filed world records on the same day?*Jesse Owens What breed of dog was Steffi Graf's Ben?*Boxer What was the first European-trained horse to win a Triple Crown race?*Go and Go Which three events make up the Triathlon.*Swimming, cycling, and running Apart from sprinting in which event did Carl Lewis twice take Olympic gold?*Long jump Who won the 1977 US Golf Open despite receiving a death threat beforehand?*Hubert Green Who scored the winner in the USA's ice hockey win over the USSR in the 1980 Olympics?*Mike Eruzione Where was Super Bowl I played?*Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Jo DiMaggio was known as what kind of Joe?*Joltin' In the season Damon Hill was motor racing's Formula One world champion how many races did he win?*8 Who was the defending champion when Stefan Edberg first won the Wimbledon singles?*Pat Cash In 1941 Joe DiMaggio set a record of safe hits in how many consecutive games?*56 In which decade was Daley Thompson born?*1950s At which formula 1 motor racing circuit did Ayrton Senna lose his life?*Imola Which two new events were introduced at the Atlanta Olympics?*Softball & beach volleyball Which horse landed both the English and Irish Derby in 1993?*Commander In Chief What was Jack Nicklaus's first major success after turning professional?*US Open How was Lew Alcindor later known?*Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Brian Barnes played golf for Scotland in the 70s but where was he born?*London Which country does sprinter David Ezinwa come from?*Nigeria Arthur Ashe had a successful sporting career at which university?*California Who won swimming gold in the 100m freestyle at the 1956,'60 and '64 Olympics?*Dawn Fraser What is the middle name of golfer Mark James?*Hugh By 1999, which country had most Wimbledon Men's Singles winners?*Great Britain Which woman won Wimbledon for the first time in 1999?*Lindsay Davenport Gordie Howe joined the NHL in 1946; in which decade did he retire?*1980s (1980) Where was the firs Super Bowl of the 90s held?*Superdome, New Orleans Laura Flessel and Marie Jose Perec come from which island?*Guadeloupe Who was women's tennis No 1 from in each year from 1967-73?*Billie Jean King How many Kentucky Derbies did Bill Shoemaker win?*3 Which boxer appeared in the film Spirit of Youth?*Joe Louis Who was the first lady golfer to land the British and US Open in the same year?*Patty Sheehan On which course is the Preakness Stakes run?*Pimlico, Baltimore How old was Nadia Comaneci when she won Olympic Gold?*144 Who lost Super Bowl II?*Oakland Raiders At which venue did \"Greg Norman first win the British Open?*Turnberry The Super Bowl trophy is named after which coach?*Vince Lombardi Which golfer founded the US Masters tournament?*Bobby Jones What distance is the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies?*1 mile, 110 yards What is the nickname of cycling's Marco Pantani?*The Pirate Who did the Chicago Bulls beat to win their first NBA Championship between 1957 and 1969?*Los Angeles Lakers Who did Andre Agassi beat in the 1996 Olympic tennis final?*Sergi Bruguera What number shirt did \"San Francisco 49er Jerry Rice wear?*80 The Kentucky Derby is always held on what date?*First Saturday in May Who said in 1998, \"The ball doesn't now how old you are?\"*Mark O'Meara Who beat Jack Nicklaus and Raymond Floyd's tournament record at the 1997 Masters?*Tiger Woods Who was the San Francisco 49ers' first selection in the 1995 NFL draft?*Jerry Rice In which branch of the services did Arthur Ashe serve before becoming a tennis pro?*Army Who, in the 1967 AFL season, became the first quarterback to pass more than 4,000 yards?*Joe Namath, New York Jets In 1998 which British boxer took on Shannon Briggs and Zeljko Mavrovic?*Lennox Lewis How often is the Ryder Cup held?*Every two years In 1988 who won the tennis grand Slam and Olympic gold?*Steffi Graf Which gold medalist Mark was told by his father, \"Swimming isn't everything, winning is\"? *Mark Spitz Who was the last Canadian before Donovan Bailey in 1996 to cross the line first in the 100m and keep the medal?*Percy Williams In which Olympic event did Edwin Moses find fame?*(400 meters) hurdles In which sport did Andy Thomson become a world champion?*Bowls Sergei Bubka competes in which athletics event ?*California In which Olympic jumping event did Mike Conley find fame?*Triple Jump Where did Joe Montana play NCAA Division I football?*Notre Dame University In which decade did Joe Montana retire from football?*1990s In 1972 who ordered the last three seconds of the basketball final to be played again, which gave the USSR gold?*R William Thompson How may goals were scored in soccer's 1998 World Cup Final?*Three How many players are there in a men's lacrosse team?*10 What relation was Flo Jo to Jackie Joyner Kersee?*Sister in Law In football, what position is RB?*Running Back Warren Beatty was offered full college scholarships in which sport?*Football The Naismith Award is presented in which sport?*Basketball Which country broke the India/Pakistan 50-year monopoly of men's hockey tournaments?*Germany In which decade did Carl Lewis first win four Olympic golds?*1980s In which Olympic event did Bob Beamon find fame?*Track and field's long jump Who won a record ninth Wimbledon singles title in 1990?*Martina Navratilova How many times did Ivan Lendl win Wimbledon singles?*Never Which country does tennis player Marcelo Rios come from?*Chile Which golf tournament presents its winner with a green jacket?*The Masters Who had a seven year contract with Orlando Magic for $42 million?*Shaquille O'Neal Who won the 400m hurdles in the games sandwiched between Ed Moses' two triumphs?*Volker Beck In football, what do the letters AFL stand for?*American Football League In hockey, what is the Hart Trophy awarded for?*League's MVP Which British Fred was a Wimbledon singles winner in the 1930s?*Perry Who told a Wimbledon umpire, \"You are the pits of the world?\"*John McEnroe Where was the Rumble in the Ali v Foreman fight in Zaire in 1974?*Jungle Who won every Lacrosse World championship between 1974 to 1994?*USA Britain and which other country have won gold in every Summer Games?*France Greg LeMond was a champion in which sport?*Cycling In which decade did Marina Navratilova take US citizenship?*1980s Which Bobby was the first golfer to win the 'Grand slam' in a single year in the 1960s?*Jones With which track and field event was Geoff Capes particularly associated?*Shotput In baseball, where do the Orioles come from?*Baltimore Alberto Tomba found fame in which Winter Olympic sport?*Skiing Where was the location of the first Winter Games after World War II?*St. Moritz, Switzerland What type of speed event was Eric Heiden famous for?*Speed skating How was Mildred Didrikson better known?*Babe Zaharias Which country does Goran Ivanisevic come from?*Croatia Which NBA side did Cheryl Miller's brother Reggie play for?*Indiana Pacers Which 30-plus player won his first golf Major at the 1998 US Masters?*Mark O'Meara What is the nickname of record-breaking sprinter Maurice Greene?*Kansas Cannonball Where were the last Olympics of the 20th century in the USA held?*Atlanta How many 20th century Olympics were held in Los Angeles?*Two Who came second when Donovan Bailey won 100m gold?*Frankie Fredericks What type of golfers compete for the Curtis Cup?*Women golfers How long was swimmer Michelle Smith-de Bruin banned for attempting to manipulate a drugs test?*4 years In basketball, where do the Suns come from?*Phoenix In what decade did Bill Shoemaker ride his first winner?*1940s Which cartoon and film character is the nick name of super athlete Michael Johnson?*Superman Greg Norman is known as the Great White what?*Shark Which country did 70s star Lassie Virren come from?*Finland In which city is the US \"Tennis Open held?*New York Who, back in 1920, was the first football player to be traded?*Bob Nash Which golfer was Europe's leading money winner of 1998?*Colin Montgomerie Who did Joe DiMaggio play for throughout his career?*New York Yankees In football, what do the letters NFL stand for?*National Football League The Davis Cup is competed for in which sport?*Tennis Who was ejected in the men's basketball final in 1972?*Dwight Jones & Dvorn Edeshko Who was Joltin Joe?*Joe DiMaggio Which movie star was an Austrian Junior Olympic Weight lifting Champion?*Arnold Schwarzenegger What sport is staged at Roland Garros?*Tennis Where was Larry Bird from -- which gave him his nickname?*French Lick, Indiana What is the nationality of athlete Donovan Bailey?*Canadian Where in Massachusetts is the oldest American marathon race?*Boston In which sport did Andre's dad Mike Agassi compete in the Olympics?*Boxing In basketball, where do the Wizards come from?*Washington Which team did Hakeem Olajuwon join in 1984?*Houston Rockets Which Major-winning British golfer split from his coach David Leadbetter in 1998?*Nick Faldo Peter Nichol became the first Brit in 25 years to win the British Open in which sport?*Squash In football, what position is WR?*Wide receiver Which springboard was invented in the USA in the 1930s?*Trampoline In which event did an individual first win four successive gold medals?*Discus How many players per team can be on the field for any play in the NFL?*11 The Hawaii Ironman Championships are in which sport?*Triathlon Which Mark was captain of the European 1999 Ryder cup team?*James Billy Crystal had a full college scholarship in which sport?*Baseball Which Jennifer won Olympic gold in tennis in 1992?*Capriati In baseball, when a team is pitching how many players do they have on the field?*Nine In which event did Michelle Smith de Bruin win bronze in 1996?*200m butterfly Where does Sumo wrestling originate from?*Japan Which legendary American golfer played his last British Open in 1995?*Arnold Palmer Athlete Zola Budd was born in which country?*South Africa Which Spaniard won two US Masters in the 80s?*Seve Ballesteros In which decade did the Super Bowl begin?*1960s", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.784313678741455, "source": "search", "title": "What sport used the term \"home run\" long before baseball ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali, original name Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (born January 17, 1942, Louisville , Kentucky , U.S.—died June 3, 2016, Scottsdale , Arizona), American professional boxer and social activist. Ali was the first fighter to win the world heavyweight championship on three separate occasions; he successfully defended this title 19 times.", "precise_score": 8.372620582580566, "rough_score": 7.35194206237793, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "On February 25, 1964, Clay challenged Sonny Liston for the heavyweight championship of the world. Liston was widely regarded as the most intimidating, powerful fighter of his era. Clay was a decided underdog. But in one of the most stunning upsets in sports history, Liston retired to his corner after six rounds, and Clay became the new champion. Two days later Clay shocked the boxing establishment again by announcing that he had accepted the teachings of the Nation of Islam . On March 6, 1964, he took the name Muhammad Ali, which was given to him by his spiritual mentor, Elijah Muhammad .", "precise_score": 2.3189947605133057, "rough_score": -2.601071834564209, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Patterson was unsuccessful in two attempts to regain the world title for a second time, stopped by Muhammad Ali in the final round in 1965 and dropping a decision to Jimmy Ellis for the WBA title in 1968.", "precise_score": 3.682324171066284, "rough_score": -1.617834210395813, "source": "search", "title": "BBC SPORT | Boxing | Heavyweight great Patterson dies" }, { "answer": "Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.", "passage": "Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr., the elder son of Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (1912-1990) and Odessa Grady Clay (1917-1994), was born on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky . It was a red-and-white Schwinn that steered the future heavyweight champion to the sport of boxing. When his beloved bicycle was stolen, a tearful 12-year-old Clay reported the theft to Louisville police officer Joe Martin (1916-1996) and vowed to pummel the culprit. Martin, who was also a boxing trainer, suggested that the upset youngster first learn how to fight, and he took Clay under his wing. Six weeks later, Clay won his first bout in a split decision.", "precise_score": 0.18030239641666412, "rough_score": -3.739304304122925, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali: Heavyweight Champion of the World", "precise_score": 1.5057611465454102, "rough_score": -2.844212532043457, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "I am the greatest!", "passage": "After winning his first 19 fights, including 15 knockouts, Clay received his first title shot on February 25, 1964, against reigning heavyweight champion Sonny Liston (1932-1970). Although he arrived in Miami Beach, Florida , a 7-1 underdog, the 22-year-old Clay relentlessly taunted Liston before the fight, promising to “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee” and predicting a knockout. When Liston failed to answer the bell at the start of the seventh round, Clay was indeed crowned heavyweight champion of the world. In the ring after the fight, the new champ roared, “I am the greatest!”", "precise_score": 3.749798059463501, "rough_score": 6.372979164123535, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "After becoming the champion, Foreman successfully defended his title twice. He beat Puerto Rican heavyweight champion Jose Roman in only 50 seconds, which at the time was the shortest heavyweight championship match ever. Foreman also beat Ken Norton, who had just beaten Muhammad Ali, in a mere two rounds. Winning those two fights then set up one of the most famous fights in history: \"The Rumble in the Jungle\" between Foreman and Muhammad Ali.", "precise_score": 4.171616554260254, "rough_score": 2.065260410308838, "source": "search", "title": "The Official Site of George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "1965 30 Years Old Patterson was now the number one challenger for the title held by Muhammad Ali. On November 22, 1965, in yet another attempt to be the first to win the world heavyweight title three times, Patterson lost by technical knockout at the end of the 12th round, going into the fight with an injured sacro-iliac joint in a bout in which Ali was clearly dominant. … Read More", "precise_score": 6.992920875549316, "rough_score": 6.32550048828125, "source": "search", "title": "Floyd Patterson (Heavyweight) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "At age 37, Patterson was stopped in the seventh round in a rematch with Muhammad Ali for the NABF heavyweight title on September 20, 1972. … Read More", "precise_score": -1.8201080560684204, "rough_score": -2.5819509029388428, "source": "search", "title": "Floyd Patterson (Heavyweight) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Notable out-fighters include Muhammad Ali, Larry Holmes, Joe Calzaghe Wilfredo Gómez, ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425342559814453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Notable boxer-punchers include Muhammad Ali, Wladimir Klitschko, Lennox Lewis, Joe Louis, Wilfredo Gómez, Oscar de la Hoya, Archie Moore, Miguel Cotto, Nonito Donaire, Sam Langford, Henry Armstrong, Sugar Ray Robinson, Tony Zale, Carlos Monzón, Alexis Argüello, Erik Morales, Terry Norris, Marco Antonio Barrera, Naseem Hamed and Thomas Hearns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.576355934143066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Notable counter punchers include Muhammad Ali, Vitali Klitschko, Evander Holyfield, Max Schmeling, Chris Byrd, Jim Corbett, Jack Johnson, Bernard Hopkins, Laszlo Papp, Jerry Quarry, Anselmo Moreno, James Toney, Marvin Hagler, Juan Manuel Márquez, Humberto Soto, Floyd Mayweather, Jr., Roger Mayweather, Pernell Whitaker, Sergio Gabriel Martinez and Guillermo Rigondeaux.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04787826538086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Although in-fighters struggle against heavy sluggers, they typically enjoy more success against out-fighters or boxers. Out-fighters prefer a slower fight, with some distance between themselves and the opponent. The in-fighter tries to close that gap and unleash furious flurries. On the inside, the out-fighter loses a lot of his combat effectiveness, because he cannot throw the hard punches. The in-fighter is generally successful in this case, due to his intensity in advancing on his opponent and his good agility, which makes him difficult to evade. For example, the swarming Joe Frazier, though easily dominated by the slugger George Foreman, was able to create many more problems for the boxer Muhammad Ali in their three fights. Joe Louis, after retirement, admitted that he hated being crowded, and that swarmers like untied/undefeated champ Rocky Marciano would have caused him style problems even in his prime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.153287887573242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "The boxer or out-fighter tends to be most successful against a brawler, whose slow speed (both hand and foot) and poor technique makes him an easy target to hit for the faster out-fighter. The out-fighter's main concern is to stay alert, as the brawler only needs to land one good punch to finish the fight. If the out-fighter can avoid those power punches, he can often wear the brawler down with fast jabs, tiring him out. If he is successful enough, he may even apply extra pressure in the later rounds in an attempt to achieve a knockout. Most classic boxers, such as Muhammad Ali, enjoyed their best successes against sluggers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.405345916748047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "* Slip – Slipping rotates the body slightly so that an incoming punch passes harmlessly next to the head. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer sharply rotates the hips and shoulders. This turns the chin sideways and allows the punch to \"slip\" past. Muhammad Ali was famous for extremely fast and close slips, as was an early Mike Tyson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.720146179199219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "* The \"rope-a-dope\" strategy : Used by Muhammad Ali in his 1974 \"the Rumble in the Jungle\" bout against George Foreman, the rope-a-dope method involves lying back against the ropes, covering up defensively as much as possible and allowing the opponent to attempt numerous punches. The back-leaning posture, which does not cause the defending boxer to become as unbalanced as he would during normal backward movement, also maximizes the distance of the defender's head from his opponent, increasing the probability that punches will miss their intended target. Weathering the blows that do land, the defender lures the opponent into expending energy while conserving his/her own. If successful, the attacking opponent will eventually tire, creating defensive flaws which the boxer can exploit. In modern boxing, the rope-a-dope is generally discouraged since most opponents are not fooled by it and few boxers possess the physical toughness to withstand a prolonged, unanswered assault. Recently, however, eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao skillfully used the strategy to gauge the power of welterweight titlist Miguel Cotto in November 2009. Pacquiao followed up the rope-a-dope gambit with a withering knockdown.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.876574516296387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Ali shuffle", "passage": "* Bolo punch : Occasionally seen in Olympic boxing, the bolo is an arm punch which owes its power to the shortening of a circular arc rather than to transference of body weight; it tends to have more of an effect due to the surprise of the odd angle it lands at rather than the actual power of the punch. This is more of a gimmick than a technical maneuver; this punch is not taught, being on the same plane in boxing technicality as is the Ali shuffle. Nevertheless, a few professional boxers have used the bolo-punch to great effect, including former welterweight champions Sugar Ray Leonard, and Kid Gavilan. Middleweight champion Ceferino Garcia is regarded as the inventor of the bolo punch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.139966011047363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "The International Boxing Hall of Fame opened in Canastota in 1989. The first inductees in 1990 included Jack Johnson, Benny Leonard, Jack Dempsey, Henry Armstrong, Sugar Ray Robinson, Archie Moore, and Muhammad Ali. Other world-class figures include Salvador Sanchez, Jose Napoles, Roberto \"Manos de Piedra\" Durán, Ricardo Lopez, Gabriel \"Flash\" Elorde, Vicente Saldivar, Ismael Laguna, Eusebio Pedroza, Carlos Monzón, Azumah Nelson, Rocky Marciano, Pipino Cuevas and Ken Buchanan. The Hall of Fame's induction ceremony is held every June as part of a four-day event. The fans who come to Canastota for the Induction Weekend are treated to a number of events, including scheduled autograph sessions, boxing exhibitions, a parade featuring past and present inductees, and the induction ceremony itself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5833001136779785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "The Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas features the $75 million ESPN Classic Sports fight film and tape library and radio broadcast collection. The collection includes the fights of all the great champions including: Muhammad Ali, Mike Tyson, George Foreman, Roberto Duran, Marvin Hagler, Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, Joe Frazier, Rocky Marciano and Sugar Ray Robinson. It is this exclusive fight film library that will separate the Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas from the other halls of fame which do not have rights to any video of their sports. The inaugural inductees included Muhammad Ali, Henry Armstrong, Tony Canzoneri, Ezzard Charles, Julio Cesar Chavez Sr., Jack Dempsey, Roberto Duran, Joe Louis, and Sugar Ray Robinson ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.164691925048828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.27470874786377, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr.", "passage": "Alternative Title: Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.420499801635742, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.423771858215332, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali (right) fighting Ernie Terrell, 1967.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.881089210510254, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "An overview of Muhammad Ali’s life and career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.52389907836914, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr.", "passage": "Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., grew up in the American South in a time of segregated public facilities. His father, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr., supported a wife and two sons by painting billboards and signs. His mother, Odessa Grady Clay, worked as a household domestic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391066551208496, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Overview of Muhammad Ali’s life and career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51955795288086, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Sonny Liston on the canvas while Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) raises his arms in triumph after …", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.305124282836914, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali, 1967.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225188255310059, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Meanwhile, as the 1960s grew more tumultuous , Ali’s impact upon American society was growing, and he became a lightning rod for dissent. Ali’s message of black pride and black resistance to white domination was on the cutting edge of the civil rights movement . Having refused induction into the U.S. Army, he also stood for the proposition that “unless you have a very good reason to kill, war is wrong.” As black activist Julian Bond later observed, “When a figure as heroic and beloved as Muhammad Ali stood up and said, ‘No, I won’t go,’ it reverberated through the whole society.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219400405883789, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Yolanda Williams", "passage": "Ali married his fourth wife, Lonnie (née Yolanda Williams), in 1986. He had nine children, most of whom avoided the spotlight of which Ali was so fond. One of his daughters, however, Laila Ali , pursued a career as a professional boxer. While her skills were limited, she benefited from the fact that the Ali name was still financially viable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.160655975341797, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali, 2004.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2816743850708, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Lost to world champions Joey Maxim , Ingemar Johansson , Sonny Liston , Muhammad Ali and Jimmy Ellis. His loss to Ellis was by a controversial decision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.539005279541016, "source": "search", "title": "Floyd Patterson - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Attempted to regain the championship from Muhammad Ali on November 22, 1965, and was stopped in twelve rounds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4579997062683105, "source": "search", "title": "Floyd Patterson - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Lost to Jerry Quarry by a disputed twelve-round majority decision on October 28, 1967. The fight was part of the WBA 's eight-man elimination tournament to fill the title vacancy left after Muhammad Ali was stripped of the title for refusing to be drafted into the U.S. Army.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.458511352539062, "source": "search", "title": "Floyd Patterson - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "In his last fight, Patterson was stopped after six rounds by Muhammad Ali on September 20, 1972.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.823569297790527, "source": "search", "title": "Floyd Patterson - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Patterson (left) lost to Muhammad Ali twice", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.708710670471191, "source": "search", "title": "BBC SPORT | Boxing | Heavyweight great Patterson dies" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489965438842773, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali’s Early Years and Amateur Career", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.502229690551758, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali has appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated 38 times, second only to basketball great Michael Jordan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203597068786621, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Louisville lip", "passage": "Clay won his professional boxing debut on October 29, 1960, in a six-round decision. From the start of his pro career, the 6-foot-3-inch heavyweight overwhelmed his opponents with a combination of quick, powerful jabs and foot speed, and his constant braggadocio and self-promotion earned him the nickname “Louisville Lip.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.7362189292907715, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "At a press conference the next morning, Clay, who had been seen around Miami with controversial Nation of Islam member Malcolm X (1925-1965), confirmed the rumors of his conversion to Islam. On March 6, 1964, Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975) bestowed on Clay the name of Muhammad Ali.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219796180725098, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali’s Return to the Ring", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420194625854492, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali’s Later Years and Legacy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.436273574829102, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Ali had the honor of lighting the cauldron during the opening ceremonies of the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. In 1999 Ali was voted the BBC’s “Sporting Personality of the Century,” and Sports Illustrated named him “Sportsman of the Century.” Ali was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in a 2005 White House ceremony, and in the same year the $60 million Muhammad Ali Center, a nonprofit museum and cultural center focusing on peace and social responsibility, opened in Louisville.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335061073303223, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali - Black History - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Ali called Patterson an \"Uncle Tom\" for refusing to call him Muhammad Ali (Patterson continued to call him Cassius Clay) and for this outspokenness against black Muslims. Instead of scoring a quick knockout, Ali mocked, humiliated and punished Patterson throughout the fight before knocking him out in the 12th round. Read Less", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.148825645446777, "source": "search", "title": "Floyd Patterson (Heavyweight) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" } ]

[ { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "Peter Nicol has enjoyed an illustrious squash career, achieving three ambitions he set himself some years ago - winning the British Open, reaching world No1, and becoming world champion. ", "precise_score": 0.28735169768333435, "rough_score": -0.8355502486228943, "source": "search", "title": "Name: Peter Nicol - Squash Player" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "The next British Open will be in less than 10 weeks' time - between June 6 and 10 - but the SRA hopes that the world's most renowned squash tournament will return to its traditional date in April.", "precise_score": -8.21013355255127, "rough_score": -6.857900142669678, "source": "search", "title": "Squash: British Open secures future - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "Squash world champion. Nicol was born in Inverurie , son of the Scottish national squash team coach. By 1992, the left-handed player had entered the world rankings and within three years was in the top five. He reached No. 1 by 1998, and in the same year became the first Briton for 25 years to win the British Open and went on to take the gold medal for Scotland in the Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). In recognition of his achievements, Nicol was awarded an MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours list (1999).", "precise_score": 4.979599475860596, "rough_score": -1.1910537481307983, "source": "search", "title": "Peter Nicol: Overview of Peter Nicol - Gazetteer for Scotland" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "Peter Nicol on SquashPics.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.3043794631958, "source": "search", "title": "Name: Peter Nicol - Squash Player" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "Nicol�s rise through the world squash rankings was little short of meteoric:  He made his debut at 266 in January 1992.  He raced to 52 by the following January, then rose to 14 twelve months later, moving into the top five by November of the same year, before hitting the No1 position in February 1998. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.542801856994629, "source": "search", "title": "Name: Peter Nicol - Squash Player" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "In the men's final of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia in September 1998 - squash's triumphant debut in this prestigious multi-sport event - Nicol beat his long-time adversary Jonathon Power to take the first ever squash gold medal in a match screened live on TV in Britain and many countries around the world. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.95421028137207, "source": "search", "title": "Name: Peter Nicol - Squash Player" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "In September 1999, Nicol fulfilled his last remaining key goal in squash:  It was his third successive appearance in the final, but on the famous open-air court erected on the desert sands by the Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, Nicol crushed local hero Ahmed Barada 15-9 15-13 15-11 to become World Open champion for the first time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.881842613220215, "source": "search", "title": "Name: Peter Nicol - Squash Player" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "Nicol�s supreme achievements in squash were recognised in the most distinctive manner in June 1999 � when he was awarded an MBE (�Member of the British Empire�) by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth in the annual �Queen�s Birthday Honours�.  He joins a distinguished group of squash players who have been similarly recognised in Britain � including Jonah Barrington, Lisa Opie, Martine le Moignan, Susan Devoy and Cassie Jackman. PETER NICOL", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.349862098693848, "source": "search", "title": "Name: Peter Nicol - Squash Player" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "Squash: British Open secures future - Telegraph", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.702852725982666, "source": "search", "title": "Squash: British Open secures future - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "Squash: British Open secures future", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.197815418243408, "source": "search", "title": "Squash: British Open secures future - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "This follows an agreement between the Squash Rackets Association, Birmingham City Council and the intellectual property rights acquisition company, Fablon Investment Limited .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424696922302246, "source": "search", "title": "Squash: British Open secures future - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Squash", "passage": "David, 28, has been a dominant force in women's squash for the past seven years, and beat England's Laura Massaro with an impressive 11-5 11-8 11-4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.276433944702148, "source": "search", "title": "British Open: Nick Matthew on course for record third win ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Knox-Johnson", "passage": "Robin Knox-Johnson sails his yacht Suhaili into the English Channel in April 1969 at the end of his non-stop round the world race (AFP/Getty Images)", "precise_score": 6.335805416107178, "rough_score": 7.884345531463623, "source": "search", "title": "Round the World: at 75 Sir Robin Knox-Johnston is set to ..." }, { "answer": "Knox-Johnson", "passage": "Tetley found it impossible to adapt to his old way of life after his adventure. He was awarded a consolation prize of £1,000, with which he decided to build a new trimaran for a round-the-world speed record attempt. His 60 foot boat Miss Vicky was built in 1971, but his search for sponsorship to pay for fitting-out met with consistent rejection. His book, Trimaran Solo, sold poorly. Although he outwardly seemed to be coping, the repeated failures must have taken their toll. In February 1972, he went missing from his home in Dover. His body was found in nearby woods hanging from a tree three days later. His death was originally believed to be a suicide. At the inquest, it was revealed that the body had been discovered wearing lingerie and the hands were bound. The attending pathologist suggested the likelihood of masochistic sexual activity. Finding no evidence to suggest that Tetley had killed himself, the coroner recorded an open verdict. Tetley was cremated; Knox-Johnson and Blyth were among the mourners in attendance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.466548919677734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sunday Times Golden Globe Race" }, { "answer": "Knox-Johnson", "passage": "Sir Robin Knox-Johnson in 2006 (Andrew Crowley)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0473051071167, "source": "search", "title": "Round the World: at 75 Sir Robin Knox-Johnston is set to ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Beatty was a star football player at Washington-Lee High School in Arlington. Encouraged to act by the success of his sister, who had recently established herself as a Hollywood star, he decided to work as a stagehand at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C. during the summer before his senior year. He was reportedly offered ten football scholarships to college, but rejected them to study liberal arts at Northwestern University (1954–55), where he joined the Sigma Chi fraternity. After his first year, he left college to move to New York City, where he studied acting under Stella Adler at the Stella Adler Studio of Acting. ", "precise_score": 4.7088751792907715, "rough_score": 4.644233703613281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Warren Beatty" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Received ten offers of football scholarship after graduating from high school. He turned them all down.", "precise_score": -1.8435288667678833, "rough_score": -9.466556549072266, "source": "search", "title": "Warren Beatty - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Beatty was a star football player at Washington-Lee High School, in Arlington, Virginia. Encouraged to act by the success of his sister, who had recently established herself as a Hollywood star, he decided to work as a stagehand at the National Theater in Washington, D.C., during the summer prior to his senior year. This enabled him to establish contact with a few famous actors. Upon graduation from high school, he turned down 10 football scholarships to enroll in drama school.", "precise_score": 2.780078411102295, "rough_score": 2.1760287284851074, "source": "search", "title": "Warren Beatty News | Quotes | Wiki - UPI.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Both attended Washington-Lee High School (MacLaine, Class of 1952; Beatty, Class of 1955). Beatty was a linebacker on the football team, and was offered 10 scholarships to play in college. MacLaine was a straight-A student, a cheerleader and president of a sorority, and she sang and danced in school and community musicals.", "precise_score": 3.9874110221862793, "rough_score": 6.636877536773682, "source": "search", "title": "Neighborhood profile: Dominion Hills - The Washington Post" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A gruff, but likeable football player tries to save his fledgling sport by recruiting the hot-shot college football star.", "precise_score": -10.167367935180664, "rough_score": -10.836644172668457, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What might interest only me: Reynolds and Kristofferson were actually pretty good football players. Kristofferson, in fact, appeared in Sports Illustrated's \"Faces in the Crowd\" section while he was in college for his exploits on the field.", "precise_score": -10.536805152893066, "rough_score": -11.070430755615234, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: Johnny Walker is the highest-rated high school football recruit in America who must choose between playing big-time college football and giving it all up for his girlfriend.", "precise_score": -10.992217063903809, "rough_score": -11.180208206176758, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A big-time Texas football program is given the death penalty, and must regroup with non-scholarship players including a quarterback in his 30s.", "precise_score": -10.692951202392578, "rough_score": -11.096933364868164, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Played football with Burt Reynolds in preparation for Semi-Tough (1977). Both men had been outstanding footballers in college - Reynolds almost turned pro.", "precise_score": -10.150675773620605, "rough_score": -10.290165901184082, "source": "search", "title": "Kris Kristofferson - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Wes Welker seen here during his senior year, 2000 at Heritage Hall School in Oklahoma City, Okla. Right, Denver Broncos wide receiver Wes Welker speaks at a news conference at the NFL Denver Broncos football training facility in Englewood, Colo., Jan. 15, 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362070083618164, "source": "search", "title": "Warren Beatty Picture | Before They Were Famous - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Marshawn Lynch seen here during his senior year, 2004 at Oakland Technical High School in Oakland Calif. Right, Seattle Seahawks' Marshawn Lynch walks on the field at an NFL football practice, Jan. 16, 2014, in Renton, Wash.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.427838325500488, "source": "search", "title": "Warren Beatty Picture | Before They Were Famous - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.594710350036621, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Best football movies of all time", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.577981948852539, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "The summer is officially “movie season” and since we have a few weeks before training camps get started, let’s take a look at the best football movies ever.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.540292739868164, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A counselor at a juvenile detention center teaches a group of teens the meaning of self-esteem and teamwork through football.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.532482147216797, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "This might only interest me: The Rock plays Joe Kingman, quarterback of the New England Rebels. In the climactic game of 2007, the Rebels play the New York Dukes for the championship. In the same football season, the Patriots and Giants played in the Super Bowl. Also, Kingman is a huge Elvis fan, which The Rock had written in the movie so he could sing \"Are you Lonesome tonight?\" because somebody once told The Rock he had a great singing voice.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.532193183898926, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A high school football coach takes a special needs student under his wing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.364468574523926, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Based on: A true story of T.L. Hanna High School football coach Harold Jones and \"Radio\" Kennedy that you might have read in Sports Illustrated in 1996.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268976211547852, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: Misfits cut from the local powerhouse peewee football team form their own squad led by the coach's nerdy brother.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.544770240783691, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Based on: Every sports movie, ever. But in reality, it was based on McDonald's ad on pee wee football that ran during the Super Bowl in 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341015815734863, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Spoiler alert: Football eventually catches on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.556058883666992, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: The quarterback of the New York Jets is tasked with saving the world. Wait, is this really a football movie? Much consideration was given to this question. But since Flash Gordon is currently a football player in the movie, I think it has to count. Plus he uses his football moves early in the movie. Stars: Sam J. Jones, Timothy Dalton How do I know this movie again? It’s talked about in great length and is a huge plot point in “Ted”. This might only interest me: Probably one of the best whip fights in cinema history. Seriously, a floating disk with spikes coming out of it. Seems excessive, no? Spoiler alert: Flash foreshadows the butt fumble early in the flick when Dale Arden accidentally hits him in the head.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410237312316895, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A love triangle between two professional football players and the owner's daughter leads to hilarity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.558608055114746, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What might only interest me: Quaid's third football movie on this list.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.589747428894043, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: One of the oldest stories in the book. A goon hires a former football player to track down his wife. Said player finds the wife and falls for her. Hilarity ensues. Wait, this is also a football movie? Did you not read the description? He hires a former football player. I mean, it’s right there. Stars: Jeff Bridges, Rachel Ward This might only interest me: I can see a little bit of “The Dude” in Bridges’ Terry Brogan. And I once convinced somebody this was a prequel to “The Big Lebowski.” That said, the person I convinced wasn’t very smart. Spoiler alert: I don’t think I see Brogan drink a single White Russian.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.515440940856934, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What might only interest me: John C. McGinley played Jack Rose, based on Jim Rome and totally trashes him. Also former NFL player Darnell Autry was turned down for a role because he didn't look like a football player.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490705490112305, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A downtrodden college football team discovers a defensive superstar in its water boy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.316337585449219, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What went right: I probably liked this movie more than most. And I still liked to drop the term \"foosball\" when talking about football, so it does have some quotable lines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.526875495910645, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A young man wants to impress a girl so he did what the rest of us did an joined the football team. Wait, so this now is a football movie? Do you not see the movie poster? He’s in a football uniform and everything. Stars: Corey Haim, Charlie Sheen, Winona Rider This might only interest me: This is Jeremy Piven’s first feature movie! Spoiler alert: Things end up rough for Sheen and Rider. This is just the start of Piven’s world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509284019470215, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A down-and-out former secret service agent turned detective partners with an ex-quarterback to investigate a murder around a pro football team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.54608154296875, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A small-town loser still is obsessed with a dropped pass against his rival in high school football and some years later, he organizes a game for one last chance at redemption.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47454833984375, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: Kevin Costner plays a gruff, but likeable loner who wants to build a football team his own way. Can he take the Cleveland Browns to the promised land?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.475038528442383, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A female track coach decides she wants to take over as coach of the school's football team and must jump some obstacles along the way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.538793563842773, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What might only interest me: LL Cool J records a \"Football Rap\" which appears in the opening credits, but wasn't included in the soundtrack.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.548934936523438, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A former football player serving time is ordered by the warden to put together a team of inmates to take on (and get beaten by) the guards. Based on: Still not going there. Stars: Burt Reynolds, Eddie Albert, Ed Lauter This might only interest me: Reynolds actually played football for Florida State. And this one has Ray Nitschke. Spoiler alert: You don’t watch many movies if you need a spoiler alert for this one. But no, Paul Crewe does not get shot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463018417358398, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: The true story of the Marshall football program after a plane crash takes the lives of virtually the entire team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49964427947998, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: A high school football player and his coach both have dreams of leaving their depressed Pennsylvania steel town, which causes a conflict between them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51285457611084, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What went right: Cruise is actually believable as a football player, though the movie tries to be -- as critics pointed out at the time -- the \"Flashdance\" of football. And yeah, you'll likely need to Google \"Flashdance\" (the original).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.524049758911133, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What went right: Captured the small subtleties of football in Texas, without being too serious. And there's a whipped cream bikini. \"Lights\" could have learned something from this.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.5311861038208, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What might only interest me: Billy Casey stars in this. Casey, you might remember from \"Revenge of the Nerds,\" played professional football for the San Francisco 49ers and Los Angeles Rams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491107940673828, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Plot: The true story of Rudy Ruettiger, who overcame the odds the play football at Notre Dame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.540680885314941, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Based on: A true story based on H.G. Bissinger's book about high school football life in Texas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.470928192138672, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "What went wrong: The football scenes are a little too over the top, especially for high school.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.518967628479004, "source": "search", "title": "Best football movies of all time | NFL.com" }, { "answer": "Football", "passage": "Was a skilled boxer, rugby, and football player until a string of serious injuries forced him to quit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466909408569336, "source": "search", "title": "Kris Kristofferson - Biography - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "After graduation from Long Beach High School, Crystal attended Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia, on a baseball scholarship, having learned the game from his father, who pitched for St. John's University. Crystal never played a game at Marshall because the program was suspended during his freshman year. He did not return as a sophomore, staying back in New York with his future wife. He then went on to Nassau Community College, and later attended New York University, where he graduated with a B.F.A. from NYU's Tisch School of the Arts in 1970. He was also the Editor-in-Chief of the BG News from 1969–70.", "precise_score": 3.0566189289093018, "rough_score": -2.5562806129455566, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal News | Photos | Quotes | Wiki - UPI.com" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "After graduation from Long Beach High School, Billy Crystal attended Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia on a baseball scholarship, having learned the game from his father, who pitched for St. John's University. Billy Crystal never played a game at Marshall because the program was suspended during his freshman year, and because he was too busy being the Editor in Chief of The BG News from 1969�70. Billy Crystal did not return to Marshall as a sophomore, staying back in New York with his future wife. He instead attended Nassau Community College and later New York University, where Billy Crystal graduated in 1970 with a BFA from its Tisch School of the Arts.", "precise_score": 4.265812873840332, "rough_score": 5.343869686126709, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal - Jewish Entertainment - Jew Watch News" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "Crystal, born in 1948, has been strongly influenced by his New York City roots, and even wrote a one-man play, \"700 Sundays,\" about time spent with his father while growing up on Long Island. It earned him a Tony Award in 2005. Crystal is also a Yankees fan and was good enough as a player to be offered a college baseball scholarship. He directed the HBO movie \"61*,\" about the 1961 season when Yankees teammates Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle chased the single-year home-run record.", "precise_score": 2.9427881240844727, "rough_score": -0.8497315049171448, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "After graduation from Long Beach High School in 1965, Crystal attended Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia on a baseball scholarship, having learned the game from his father, who pitched for St. John's University. Crystal never played baseball at Marshall because the program was suspended during his first year. He did not return to Marshall as a sophomore, instead deciding to stay in New York to be close to his future wife. He attended Nassau Community College with Janice, and later transferred to New York University, where he was a film and television directing major. He graduated from NYU in 1970 with a BFA from its School of Fine Arts, not yet named for the Tisch family. One of his instructors was Martin Scorsese while Oliver Stone and Christopher Guest were among his classmates.Crystal, in ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9343838691711426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Crystal" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "In City Slickers, Crystal wears a New York Mets baseball cap. In the 1986 film Running Scared, his character is an avid Chicago Cubs fan, wearing a Cubs' jersey in several scenes. In the 2012 film Parental Guidance, his character is the announcer for the Fresno Grizzlies, a Minor League Baseball team, and aspires to announce for their Major League affiliate, the San Francisco Giants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.950440406799316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Billy Crystal" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "Billy Crystal was born on March 14, 1948 in Long Beach, Long Island, New York. He is the youngest of three sons born to Helen (Gabler) and Jack Crystal. His father was a well-known concert promoter who co-founded Commodore Records and his mother was a homemaker. His family were Jewish immigrants from Russia, Austria, and Lithuania. With his father in the music business, Billy was no stranger to some of the top performers of the time. Legends such as Billie Holiday , Pee Wee Russell , and Eddie Condon regularly stopped by the Crystal household. At age 15, Billy faced a personal tragedy when his father died of a heart attack at the relatively young age of 54. This gave Billy a real appreciation of what his dad was able to accomplish while alive and what his mother did to keep the family together. Despite this tragedy, Billy was very upbeat and likable as a kid. He had a unique talent for making people laugh. With television becoming a new medium, Billy got his influence from shows like The Honeymooners (1955), and \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" and performers like Alan King , Ernie Kovacs and Jonathan Winters . He started doing stand-up comedy at the age of 16. However, his real dream was to be a professional baseball player. His idol growing up was Yankees outfielder Mickey Mantle . He spent long hours in the summers playing softball in the middle of Park Avenue with his brothers and his father, a former pitcher at St. John's University . At Long Beach High, Billy played second base and was varsity captain in his senior year. This earned him a baseball scholarship from Marshall University in West Virginia which he accepted. However, he would never end up playing a game as the baseball program was suspended during his freshman year. This would lead him to leave the university and move back to New York. He then enrolled at nearby Nassau Community College, majoring in theater. It was there that he met and fell in love with a dancer named Janice Goldfinger. They would get married in 1970 and have two daughters. Shortly after, Billy got accepted in New York University, where he majored in Film and TV Direction. While at NYU, he studied under legendary filmmaker Martin Scorsese . He also worked as house manager and usher on a production of \"You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown\". After receiving a Bachelor of Fine Arts from NYU in 1970, Billy temporarily worked as a substitute teacher until he was able to get gigs as a stand-up comic. He formed his own improv group, 3's Company, and opened for musicians like Barry Manilow . His impression of Howard Cosell interviewing Muhammad Ali became a huge hit with the audience. He left Long Beach for Hollywood in August of 1976 in the hopes of trying to land a role on a television series. It only took a year before he got his big break when he was chosen for the role of gay character Jodie Dallas on the controversial ABC sitcom Soap (1977). This would be the first time that an American TV show would feature an openly gay character as a regular. The show ran successfully for four seasons and helped to jump-start Billy's previously stagnant career. After Soap (1977) ended in 1981, Billy continued to do his stand-up routine, which was now attracting a larger audience with his growing celebrity status. During this time, he made many TV guest appearances and even hosted his own short-lived variety show, The Billy Crystal Comedy Hour (1982). He became a regular on Saturday Night Live (1975) in 1984 where his Fernando Lamas impression with the catchphrase \"You Look Mahvellous\" was a huge hit with viewers. This would lead to appearances in feature-length films such as Running Scared (1986) and Throw Momma from the Train (1987). In 1986, along with Whoopi Goldberg and Robin Williams , he started Comic Relief, an annual stand-up comedy show which helped to raise money for housing and medical care for the homeless. The show has since grown substantially with the continued support of all three comics. Billy's career would peak in the late 1980s and early 1990s. His roles in the blockbuster movies When Harry Met Sally... (1989) and City Slickers (1991) helped to establish himself as one of Hollwood's top movie stars. This star status was further validated when he was chosen to host the annual Oscars in 1990, an honor in which he would repeat seven more times. He made his big screen directorial debut in the 1992 film Mr. Saturday Night (1992), which was about a washed-up stand-up comic who refuses to retire. He also wrote, produced and starred in the film. Although the film was not a huge hit, it proved that Billy was much more than an actor and comedian. In the following years, Billy continued to act in, produce, and direct several films. He had his share of hits ( Analyze This (1999), America's Sweethearts (2001)) and some flops ( Fathers' Day (1997), My Giant (1998)). His role in as a therapist to mobster Robert De Niro in Analyze This (1999) earned him critical praise. In 2001, Billy parlayed his childhood love of baseball and Mickey Mantle into a feature film. The movie, 61* (2001), which premiered on HBO, centered on the relationship between Mantle and Roger Maris and their 1961 pursuit of Babe Ruth 's home run record. The film for which Billy served as director and executive producer, garnered 12 Emmy nominations in all. Offscreen, Billy remains married to Janice Crystal and they have homes in California and New York. Both of his daughters are involved in the film business. Jennifer Crystal Foley is an aspiring actress, appearing in 61* (2001), while Lindsay Crystal is an aspiring filmmaker, creating and directing the documentary My Uncle Berns (2003).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.049488067626953, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "Attended Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia for his freshman year on a baseball scholarship but on his arrival was told freshman baseball was cancelled due to budget cuts. He did not return for the sophomore year choosing to attend community college before transferring to NYU.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.295162200927734, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "After his father's death, Crystal played baseball in high school and in college at Marshall University in West Virginia. The university ended their baseball program after his first year, so he decided to return home. There he attended Nassau Community College for a time before enrolling at New York University where he earned a degree in film and television direction. In 1970, he married Janice Goldfinger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.990939140319824, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal - Actor, Comedian - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "Around this time, Crystal returned to his love of baseball to direct the television movie 61*. The movie tells the story about the 1961 race between Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle to break Babe Ruth's home run record. \"This movie, quite honestly, connected me with my father in the best possible way,\" Crystal told reporters, reminding him of all the games the two had enjoyed together. Crystal was a fan of Mantle's, and even befriended the baseball legend in his later years, which added an extra challenge to the film. \"I would have to say and do things in the movie that were real and honest. It's one thing for older Mickey, when he was alive, to say, 'Yeah, I drank and I fooled around,' but when you see young, vital, handsome Mickey actually doing it ... But it's very important for the story.\" His hard work and commitment to candor paid off. Crystal received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Mini-series, Movie or a Special, and the project received a nomination for Outstanding Made for Television Movie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.193777084350586, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal - Actor, Comedian - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "Went to Marshall University on a baseball scholarship, but transferred after one year when the baseball program was eliminated after his freshman year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.758705139160156, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal Biography, Celebrity Facts and Awards ..." }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "Is part owner of the Arizona Diamondbacks baseball team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499267578125, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal Biography, Celebrity Facts and Awards ..." }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "Since he was nine years old, he wanted to be a professional baseball player, and played all throughout high school. He attended Marshall University in West Virginia on a baseball scholarship, but the program was abolished the following year. He then transferred to Nassau Community College in Long… more", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.083962440490723, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal - TV.com" }, { "answer": "Baseball", "passage": "S 1: Ep 1 Episode 101- Amphetamines in Baseball", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.495094299316406, "source": "search", "title": "Billy Crystal - TV.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "Brown retired in July 1966, after only nine seasons as the NFL's all-time leading rusher. He held the record of 12,312 yards until it was broken by Walter Payton on October 7, 1984, during Payton's 10th NFL season. Brown is still the Cleveland Browns all-time leading rusher. Currently Jim Brown is ninth on the all-time rushing list. ", "precise_score": 6.097247123718262, "rough_score": 3.3268446922302246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jim Brown" }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "Brown retired in July 1966, [10] [11] after only nine seasons, as the NFL’s all-time leading rusher. He held the record of 12,312 yards until it was broken by Walter Payton on October 7, 1984, during Payton’s 10th NFL season. Brown is still the Cleveland Browns all-time leading rusher. [12] Currently Jim Brown is ninth on the all-time rushing list. [13]", "precise_score": 5.678258419036865, "rough_score": 4.7742509841918945, "source": "search", "title": "Jim Brown - pediaview.com" }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "In 1983, seventeen years after retiring from professional football, Brown mused about coming out of retirement to play for the Los Angeles Raiders when it appeared that Pittsburgh Steelers running back Franco Harris would break his all-time rushing record. Brown disliked Harris' style of running, criticizing the Steeler running back's tendency to run out of bounds, a marked contrast to Brown's approach of fighting for every yard and taking on the oncoming tackler. Eventually, Walter Payton of the Chicago Bears broke the record on October 7, 1984, with Brown having ended thoughts of a comeback. Harris himself, who retired after the 1984 season after playing eight games with the Seattle Seahawks, fell short of Brown's mark. Following Harris's last season, in that January a challenge between Brown and Harris in a 40-yard dash was nationally televised. Brown, at 48-years old was certain he could beat Harris even though Harris was only 34-years old and just ending his elite career. Harris clocked in at 5.16 seconds, and Brown in at 5.72 seconds. Youth prevailed, and Brown said \"Franco beat me fair and square\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9510859251022339, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jim Brown" }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "Brown's claim to the title of greatest running back of all time is supported by statistics. In 118 career games, Brown averaged 104.3 yards per game and 5.2 yards per carry. None of the NFL's career rushing leaders come close to these spectacular totals. For example, Walter Payton averaged only 88 yards per game during his career with a 4.4 yards-per-carry average. Emmitt Smith averaged only 81.2 yards per game with a 4.2 yards-per-carry average. Brown has famously said on the subject: \"When running backs get in a room together, they don't argue about who is the best.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.379733085632324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jim Brown" }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "For example, any football fan age 40 or older remembers well the scene in Chicago on Oct. 7, 1984, when Walter Payton surpassed Jim Brown as the NFL’s all-time leading rusher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.204849243164062, "source": "search", "title": "FootballNation.com | Article" }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "The eight backs who moved past Brown on the rushing list all played at least 10 years. Six of them played only in 16-game seasons. Walter Payton played three seasons when it was 14 games and Tony Dorsett played one.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.04992151260376, "source": "search", "title": "The top 50 NFL players of all time: Jim Brown is number 1 ..." }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "Walter Payton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.144457817077637, "source": "search", "title": "The top 50 NFL players of all time: Jim Brown is number 1 ..." }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "10. Walter Payton", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.699195861816406, "source": "search", "title": "The top 50 NFL players of all time: Jim Brown is number 1 ..." }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "In 1983, 17 years after retiring from professional football, Brown mused about coming out of retirement to play for the Los Angeles Raiders when it appeared that Pittsburgh Steelers running back Franco Harris would break his all-time rushing record. [22] Brown disliked Harris’ style of running, criticizing the Steelers’ running back’s tendency to run out of bounds, a marked contrast to Brown’s approach of fighting for every yard and taking on the oncoming tackler. Eventually, Walter Payton of the Chicago Bears broke the record on October 7, 1984, with Brown having ended thoughts of a comeback. Harris himself, who retired after the 1984 season after playing eight games with the Seattle Seahawks , fell short of Brown’s mark. Following Harris’s last season, in that January, a challenge between Brown and Harris in a 40-yard dash was nationally televised. Brown, at 48 years old, was certain he could beat Harris, though Harris was only 34 years old and just ending his elite career. Harris clocked in at 5.16 seconds, and Brown in at 5.72 seconds. [23]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.40549513697624207, "source": "search", "title": "Jim Brown - pediaview.com" }, { "answer": "Walter Payton", "passage": "In 118 career games, Brown averaged 104.3 yards per game and 5.2 yards per carry. None of the NFL’s career rushing leaders comes close to these totals. For example, Walter Payton averaged only 88 yards per game during his career with a 4.4 yards-per-carry average. Emmitt Smith averaged only 81.2 yards per game with a 4.2 yards-per-carry average. [42] Brown has famously said on the subject: “When running backs get in a room together, they don’t argue about who is the best.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.049077033996582, "source": "search", "title": "Jim Brown - pediaview.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "After a troubled childhood, Foreman took up boxing and was a gold medalist at the 1968 Olympics. He won the world heavyweight title with a second-round knockout of then-undefeated Joe Frazier in Kingston, Jamaica, in 1973. He made two successful title defenses before losing to Muhammad Ali in \"The Rumble in the Jungle\" in October 1974. He was unable to secure another title shot, and retired following a loss to Jimmy Young in 1977. Following what he referred to as a religious epiphany, Foreman became an ordained Christian minister. Ten years later, he announced a comeback and, in November 1994, at age 45, he regained a portion of the heavyweight championship by knocking out 27-year-old Michael Moorer to win the WBA and IBF titles. Foreman remains the oldest heavyweight champion in history, and the second oldest in any weight class after Bernard Hopkins. He retired in 1997 at the age of 48, with a final record of 76 wins 5 losses and 68 knockouts.", "precise_score": 6.052097797393799, "rough_score": 6.3887553215026855, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Foreman's next title defence, against Muhammad Ali, was historic. During the summer of 1974, he traveled to Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) to defend his title against Ali. The bout was promoted as \"The Rumble in the Jungle.\"", "precise_score": 7.580350875854492, "rough_score": 6.457011699676514, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "The Rumble in the Jungle was a historic boxing event in Kinshasa, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) on October 30, 1974 (at 4:00 am). Held at the 20th of May Stadium (now the Stade Tata Raphaël), it pitted the undefeated world heavyweight champion George Foreman against challenger Muhammad Ali, a former heavyweight champion. Attendance was about 60,000. Ali won by knockout, putting Foreman down just before the end of the eighth round. It has been called \"arguably the greatest sporting event of the 20th century\". The event was one of Don King's first ventures as a professional boxing promoter. ", "precise_score": 8.827682495117188, "rough_score": 7.756443977355957, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Over the years, George Foreman revised his opinions on Muhammad Ali and on The Rumble in the Jungle, on several accounts. In 2012, The Telegraph reported Foreman's declaration: \"We fought in 1974, that was a long time ago. After 1981 we became the best of friends. By 1984, we loved each other. I am not closer to anyone else in this life than I am to Muhammad Ali.\" Foreman also stated: \"Then, in 1981, a reporter came to my ranch and asked me: 'What happened in Africa, George?' I had to look him in the eye and say, \"I lost. He beat me.\" Before that I had nothing but revenge and hate on my mind, but from then on it was clear. I'll never be able to win that match, so I had to let it go.\" Foreman eventually concluded, in 2003: \"[Ali is] the greatest man I've ever known. Not greatest boxer that's too small for him. He had a gift. He's not pretty he's beautiful. Everything America should be, Muhammad Ali is.\" ", "precise_score": 7.209417343139648, "rough_score": 8.580584526062012, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali Rumble in the Jungle Win: How He Beat George Foreman", "precise_score": 8.254021644592285, "rough_score": 7.773576259613037, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali Rumble in the Jungle Win: How He Beat George ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "When TIME sent Nairobi Bureau Chief Lee Griggs to Kinshasa in 1974 to preview the Oct. 30 boxing match that became known as “The Rumble in the Jungle,” it seemed clear that the winning money was not on the favorite. The bout between reigning champion George Foreman and Muhammad Ali, who had previously lost the title after refusing to be drafted into the military, came with the biggest purse in sports history. Both boxers were guaranteed at least $5 million but — though boxing fans worldwide, and especially in the country then called Zaire, were rooting hard for Ali — it seemed clear that Foreman would be the one going home with the title. He was younger and strong and on a winning streak. He would back Ali into the ropes, where the older boxer’s footwork would do no good. TIME’s sports editor Philip Taubman predicted that the result would be Foreman in six.", "precise_score": 7.122386455535889, "rough_score": 6.0186357498168945, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali Rumble in the Jungle Win: How He Beat George ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "On October 30, 1974, 32-year-old Muhammad Ali becomes the heavyweight champion of the world for the second time when he knocks out 25-year-old champ George Foreman in the eighth round of the “Rumble in the Jungle,” a match in Kinshasa, Zaire. Seven years before, Ali had lost his title when the government accused him of draft-dodging and the boxing commission took away his license. His victory in Zaire made him only the second dethroned champ in history to regain his belt.", "precise_score": 7.511086463928223, "rough_score": 7.1813507080078125, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "\"The Rumble in The Jungle\" was a historic boxing match which took place on October 30, 1974 in the May 20 Stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo). It pitted then World Heavyweight Champion George Foreman against former champion and #1 contender Muhammad Ali , who became the second fighter ever, after Floyd Patterson , to regain the World Heavyweight Championship.", "precise_score": 9.446084976196289, "rough_score": 7.974169731140137, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "When Muhammad Ali rumbled in the jungle with George Foreman exactly 40 years ago on Thursday, they were safely distant from the dying embers of a conflict that still engaged the more perilous commitment of 1.5 million of their compatriots in Vietnam. These champion pugilists, neither of whom fired a shot in defence of their flag, were sufficiently distracted by the lure of considerable riches to devote their full attention to the relative triviality of a fist fight, albeit one they would conspire to fashion as perhaps the most memorable in the history of their sport …", "precise_score": 6.808743953704834, "rough_score": 5.693617343902588, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle: the night Ali became King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "The critics had no faith the 32-year-old Muhammad Ali would defeat George Foreman, seven years his junior, in the 1974 fight known as The Rumble in the Jungle. He was given 40-1 odds by some bookmakers before stepping into the ring in Kinshasa, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo).", "precise_score": 9.29500961303711, "rough_score": 8.58466911315918, "source": "search", "title": "WATCH: Ali vs. Foreman in the ‘Rumble in the Jungle ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman to win 'The Rumble in the Jungle'", "precise_score": 9.126535415649414, "rough_score": 8.030069351196289, "source": "search", "title": "How Muhammad Ali won 'Rumble in the Jungle' with rope-a ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "It is 42 years since Muhammad Ali soared to a higher altitude than any sportsman in history but, even now, his 'Rumble in the Jungle' with George Foreman retains its capacity both to mesmerise and surprise. Muhammad Ali, say his friends, was always at his sharpest first thing in the morning.", "precise_score": 7.025352954864502, "rough_score": 6.736911296844482, "source": "search", "title": "How Muhammad Ali won 'Rumble in the Jungle' with rope-a ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "On this day 41 years ago, the world witnessed \"The Greatest,\" Muhammad Ali, win his second heavyweight title after knocking out George Foreman, in Kinshasa, Zaire - in the fight billed as \"The Rumble in the Jungle\"", "precise_score": 8.349940299987793, "rough_score": 8.21917724609375, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle fight against George Foreman in 1974" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "In 1972, still undefeated and with an impressive knockout record, Foreman was set to challenge undefeated and Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion Joe Frazier. Despite boycotting a title elimination caused by the vacancy resulting from the championship being stripped from Muhammad Ali, Frazier had won the title from Jimmy Ellis and defended his title four times since, including a 15-round unanimous decision over the previously unbeaten Ali in 1971 after Ali had beaten Oscar Bonavena and Jerry Quarry. Despite Foreman's superior size and reach, he was not expected to beat Frazier and was a 3:1 underdog going into the fight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.462503910064697, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Foreman's next defense was against a much tougher opponent. In 1974, in Caracas, Venezuela, he faced the highly regarded hall-of-famer Ken Norton (who was 30–2), a boxer noted for his awkward crossed-arm boxing style, crab-like defense, and heavy punch (a style Foreman emulated in his comeback), who had broken the jaw of Muhammad Ali in a points victory a year earlier. Norton had a good chin and had performed well against Ali in their two matches, winning the first on points and nearly winning the second. (Norton developed a reputation for showing nerves against heavy hitters, largely beginning with this fight.) After an even first round, Foreman staggered Norton with an uppercut a minute into round two, buckling him into the ropes. Norton did not hit the canvas but continued on wobbly legs, clearly not having recovered, and shortly he went down a further two times in quick succession, with the referee intervening and stopping the fight. \"Ken was awesome when he got going. I didn't want him to get into the fight\", Foreman said when interviewed years later. This fight became known as the \"Caracas Caper\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.0284647941589355, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "In either case, Ali was able to occasionally counter off the ropes with blows to the face and penetrated Foreman's defense. Ali continued to take heavy punishment to the body and occasionally a hard jolt to the head. Ali later said he was \"out on his feet\" twice during the bout. Eventually, Foreman began to tire, and his punches became increasingly wild, losing power in the process. An increasingly confident Ali taunted Foreman throughout the bout. Late in the eighth round, Foreman was left off balance by a haymaker, and Ali sprang off the ropes with a flurry to Foreman's head, punctuated by a hard right cross that landed flush on the jaw, knocking Foreman down. Muhammad Ali was the first boxer to stop Foreman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.611994743347168, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Foreman remained inactive during 1975. In 1976, he announced a comeback and stated his intention of securing a rematch with Ali. His first opponent was to be Ron Lyle, who had been defeated by Muhammad Ali in 1975, via 11-th round TKO. At the end of the first round, Lyle landed a hard right that sent Foreman staggering across the ring. In the second round, Foreman pounded Lyle against the ropes and might have scored a KO, but due to a timekeeping error the bell rang with a minute still remaining in the round and Lyle survived. In the third, Foreman pressed forward, with Lyle waiting to counter off the ropes. In the fourth, a brutal slugfest erupted. A cluster of power punches from Lyle sent Foreman to the canvas. When Foreman got up, Lyle staggered him again, but just as Foreman seemed finished, he retaliated with a hard right to the side of the head, knocking down Lyle. Lyle beat the count, then landed another brutal combination, knocking Foreman down for the second time. Again, Foreman beat the count. Foreman said later that he had never been hit so hard in a fight and remembered looking down at the canvas and seeing blood. In the fifth round, both fighters continued to ignore defense and traded their hardest punches, looking crude. Each man staggered the other, and each seemed almost out on his feet. Then, as if finally tired, Lyle stopped punching, and Foreman delivered a dozen unanswered blows until Lyle collapsed. Lyle remained on the canvas and was counted out, giving Foreman the KO victory. The fight was named by The Ring as \"The Fight of the Year.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0650908946990967, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "1977 proved to be a life changing year for Foreman. After knocking out Pedro Agosto in four rounds at Pensacola, Florida, Foreman flew to Puerto Rico a day before the fight without giving himself time to acclimatise. His opponent was the skilled boxer Jimmy Young, who had beaten Ron Lyle and lost a very controversial decision to Muhammad Ali the previous year. Foreman fought cautiously early on, allowing Young to settle into the fight. Young constantly complained about Foreman pushing him, for which Foreman eventually had a point deducted by the referee, although Young was never warned for his persistent holding. Foreman badly hurt Young in round 7 but was unable to land a finishing blow. Foreman tired during the second half of the fight and suffered a knockdown in round 12 en route to losing a decision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.078202247619629, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "In an instant, Foreman had regained the title he had lost to Muhammad Ali two decades before. He went back to his corner and knelt in prayer as the arena erupted in cheers. With this historic victory, Foreman broke three records: he became, at age 45, the oldest fighter ever to win the World Heavyweight Championship; 20 years after losing his title for the first time, he broke the record for the fighter with the longest interval between his first and second world championships; and the age spread of 19 years between the champion and challenger was the largest of any heavyweight boxing championship fight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.205223560333252, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Foreman" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "*Muhammad Ali discusses The Rumble in the Jungle in his autobiography The Greatest: My Own Story. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.340418338775635, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "The robe worn by Muhammad Ali in this fight are part of the collections of National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution together with a pair of gloves he used in training for the fight. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988363265991211, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "By giving up on the “floating like a butterfly” that had made his career, Muhammad Ali won the match in the eighth round.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304818153381348, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali Rumble in the Jungle Win: How He Beat George ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle - Oct 30, 1974 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5165133476257324, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9184679985046387, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9184679985046387, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9184679985046387, "source": "search", "title": "Muhammad Ali wins the Rumble in the Jungle - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.784794807434082, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.753913402557373, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "1974-10-30 : George Foreman 220 lbs lost to Muhammad Ali 216½ lbs by KO at 2:58 in round 8 of 15", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.28985071182251, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "\"George Foreman is nothing but a big mummy. I've officially named him 'The Mummy.' He moves like a slow mummy, and there ain't no mummy gonna whup the great Muhammad Ali.\" - Muhammad Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.35139274597168, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "\"If you think the world was surprised when Nixon resigned, wait till I whup Foreman's behind.\" - Muhammad Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.959039688110352, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "\"It will be a divine fight, a holy war...Armageddon on a miniature scale.\" - Muhammad Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.194622039794922, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "\"All of my critics crawl! All of you suckers who write The Ring magazine, Boxing Illustrated ... all of you suckers bow!\" - Muhammad Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377418518066406, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "\"I told you, all of my critics, I told you all, that I was the greatest of all times when I beat Sonny Liston. I told you today, I'm still the greatest of all times.\" - Muhammad Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31683349609375, "source": "search", "title": "George Foreman vs. Muhammad Ali - BoxRec" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.430868148803711, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle: the night Ali became King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "In an exclusive extract from his new book on Muhammad Ali, Kevin Mitchell remembers the fight in Kinshasa 40 years on when George Foreman was defeated, and history rewritten", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9449948072433472, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle: the night Ali became King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Cassius Clay", "passage": "The Cassius Clay I adored when shadow-boxing in his image as a 10-year-old was back. He’d just changed his name – and his shape. He didn’t move like an angel anymore, but he had delivered one more time, hadn’t he? Like he said he would. How could we ever have doubted him? Ali was the huckster who turned out to be real. He bullied you into believing in him . And the more he kept proving doubters wrong, the stronger was the conviction among the faithful that there would be no end to the miracles. For as long as he wanted to, he would keep winning. It was an illusion, naturally. We were all fools – including Ali. He thought he was invincible again. Soon he would be reminded of the consequences of his self-deception, not in defeat but in victory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.94055461883545, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle: the night Ali became King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "This is a revised extract from Kevin Mitchell’s latest book, How To Think Like Muhammad Ali, published by Aurum Press , on Thursday – the 40th anniversary of the Rumble in the Jungle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.580226898193359, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle: the night Ali became King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "As world marks 40 years since Muhammad Ali and George Foreman showdown, stadium that hosted it is falling apart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.766667366027832, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle: the night Ali became King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "How Muhammad Ali won 'Rumble in the Jungle' with rope-a-dope, video analysis and no sex", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.863222122192383, "source": "search", "title": "How Muhammad Ali won 'Rumble in the Jungle' with rope-a ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "How Muhammad Ali won 'Rumble in the Jungle' with rope-a-dope, video analysis and no sex", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.863222122192383, "source": "search", "title": "How Muhammad Ali won 'Rumble in the Jungle' with rope-a ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Watch | Watch: Muhammad Ali's five best knockouts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.52380084991455, "source": "search", "title": "How Muhammad Ali won 'Rumble in the Jungle' with rope-a ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Watch | George Foreman: losing to Muhammad Ali made me start looking for answers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.651820182800293, "source": "search", "title": "How Muhammad Ali won 'Rumble in the Jungle' with rope-a ..." }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "With four punches thrown in stunning succession, the last a right that sent the heavyweight champion into a slow tailspin that landed him on his back in center ring, Muhammad Ali knocked out foreman in the eighth round last night. We should celebrate his artistry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2938504219055176, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle fight against George Foreman in 1974" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Where once he eluded capture by running, moving, sliding, last night against a man regarded as a snorting brute by most of the civilized world - against a fighter who had knocked out his last eight opponents inside two rounds, Muhammad Ali chose to fight standing still.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.547154426574707, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle fight against George Foreman in 1974" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Against a champion who was not in condition, against a champion whose skills were those of a promising amateur, against a champion who arrived at that lofty station by the willingness of Joe Frazier to be hit in the mouth a lot - against Foreman, the artist Muhammad Ali, creating his work with purity instead of flamboyance, was a joy to behold.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.592520713806152, "source": "search", "title": "Rumble in the Jungle fight against George Foreman in 1974" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Thirty-Two year-old Muhammad Ali takes on what was at that time, one of the most powerful boxers in the history of the sport, in one last shot at greatness. Ali employs his \"rope-a-dope\" ... See full summary  »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280916213989258, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Stars: Muhammad Ali, Drew Bundini Brown, Angelo Dundee", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384078025817871, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali is the best fighter!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441215515136719, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Stars: Muhammad Ali, Khalilah 'Belinda' Ali, Rahman Ali", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399059295654297, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "The documentary story of Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay)--the heavyweight boxing champion whose style and courage captured the imagination of the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.831169128417969, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Explores the critical role that Miami played in the evolution of one of the most significant cultural figures of our time: Muhammad Ali (né Cassius Clay).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462176322937012, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Stars: Muhammad Ali, Sonny Armbrister, Harry Benson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234476089477539, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "He's the greatest fighter of all time. A sports icon that is loved throughout the world. A man driven by his ambition to be the best. Muhammad Ali is a name that to this day puts fear in ... See full summary  »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274998664855957, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali stars as himself in this dramatised version of his life story up to the late 1970s. It includes his Olympic triumphs as Cassius Clay, his conversion to Islam, his refusal of ... See full summary  »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272163391113281, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Ten of Muhammad Ali 's former rivals pay tribute to the three-time world heavyweight champion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.176998138427734, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Thirty-Two year-old Muhammad Ali takes on what was at that time, one of the most powerful boxers in the history of the sport, in one last shot at greatness. Ali employs his \"rope-a-dope\" tactic for the first time, but will it be enough to recapture the greatest prize in boxing? Sometimes more entertaining than the actual fight are some of the press conferences Ali held before the fight. Written by Classic Camp <[email protected]>", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.09971809387207, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Cassius Clay", "passage": "When then Cassius Clay outboxed brooding career criminal Sonny Liston in 1964, it was considered one of the greatest upsets in boxing history. A study in perpetual motion, Clay took the fight to his senior opponent from the opening bell. So-called boxing experts were shocked into stunned silence by the disrespectful display: dropping both hands, Clay taunted Liston first with \"an easy target\" (and countering the champion's uncertain attempts to capitalize on it) and then by verbally taunting him in front of a worldwide audience as well. Even when Liston managed to temporarily blind Clay by getting ointment from his gloves into Clay's eyes (Liston can be clearly seen, on several occasions, actually placing a glove against Clay's face and then WIPING the glove across his face), it was all for naught: Clay not only cleared his eyes, but came back at Liston even more furiously in the next round. It was a humbling experience. Liston quit on his stool.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.685702323913574, "source": "search", "title": "The Rumble in the Jungle (1974) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali turned fans in Zaire against his opponent, George Foreman, the defending heavyweight champion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.38671350479126, "source": "search", "title": "Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "About four months ago, when Muhammad Ali was sitting in his favorite armchair where he watches old Westerns and film clips of himself, his daughter Hana handed him the phone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37110424041748, "source": "search", "title": "Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Muhammad Ali's condition not so dire, his daughters say", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41428279876709, "source": "search", "title": "Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "Boxers imitate famous Muhammad Ali quotes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467759132385254, "source": "search", "title": "Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later" }, { "answer": "Muhammad Ali", "passage": "\"(Ali) came down and he was alone,\" Foreman said. \"He couldn't put on his cuff links. He couldn't even put the bow tie around his neck. And I made certain there wasn't any cameras around and I took him in the room and I fixed him up because I wanted to make sure they see the beautiful Muhammad Ali.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.464353561401367, "source": "search", "title": "Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later" } ]