Datasets:

timaeus
/

pile-wikipedia_en

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions Community

Split (1)

train · 100k rows

text stringlengths 22 288k	meta dict
Sankt Goar-Oberwesel Sankt Goar-Oberwesel is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, approx. 30 km southeast of Koblenz. Its seat was in Oberwesel. On 1 January 2020 it was merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein. The Verbandsgemeinde Sankt Goar-Oberwesel consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"): Damscheid Laudert Niederburg Oberwesel Perscheid Sankt Goar Urbar Wiebelsheim Category:Former Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate Category:Middle Rhine	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Macrorrhinia Macrorrhinia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913. Species Macrorrhinia aureofasciella Ragonot, 1887 Macrorrhinia dryadella (Hulst, 1892) Macrorrhinia endonephele (Hampson, 1918) Macrorrhinia ochrella (Barnes & McDunnough, 1913) Macrorrhinia parvulella (Barnes & McDunnough, 1913) Macrorrhinia pinta Landry & Neunzig, 1998 References Category:Phycitinae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Strategy First Strategy First Inc. is a Canadian video game publisher based in Montreal. Founded in 1988 by Don McFatridge, Steve Wall and Dave Hill, the company filed for bankruptcy in 2004 and was subsequently acquired by Silverstar Holdings in 2005. Initially specializing in developing strategy video games, it since switched to primarily publishing, releasing games like the Disciples series, the Jagged Alliance series, O.R.B: Off-World Resource Base, and the Space Empires series. History Strategy First was founded by Don McFatridge, Steve Wall and Dave Hill, three board game designers. During one lunch break in 1988, they decided that they would begin their careers anew, establishing Strategy First as a video game development company. Partner Richard Therrien joined shortly thereafter. The four wished to focus on strategy video games and named the company accordingly. By May 2004, Strategy First had amassed over in debt and had shrunk from more than 100 employees in three offices to sixteen staff in its primary office in Montreal. The debts included almost owed to investors, as well as owed to developers. As a result, Strategy First filed for bankruptcy on 4 August 2004. Due to this insolvency, multiple developers, including Stardock and Paradox Interactive, did not receive royalties for their respective games published by Strategy First. Subsequently, Polish developer Techland cut all ties with Strategy First, disallowing Strategy First from distributing any Techland product, effective on 18 September. Silverstar Holdings, a public company based in Boca Raton, Florida, that specialized in the acquisition of pay-to-play businesses, announced on 22 April 2005 that it had acquired Strategy First from the bankruptcy proceedings. The company contributed in cash and 400,000 shares of common stock to Strategy First's creditors, while also assuming of Strategy First's existing debt. Clive Kabatznik, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Silverstar Holdings, stated that the company intended to use Strategy First as a niche publisher, in parallel to its other recent acquisition, Empire Interactive, which Kabatznik described as a "more fully fledged publisher". In April 2005, Strategy First acquired and absorbed all assets of Santa Rosa, California-based developer Malfador Machinations. That company's president and CEO, Aaron Hall, joined Strategy First's management team as a result. In March 2009, Silverstar Holdings was delisted from the NASDAQ stock exchange. Subsequently, Empire Interactive was put into administration in May, with 49 out of 55 positions terminated. Notable games 1914 Shells of Fury Bad Rats: The Rats' Revenge Brigade E5: New Jagged Union Clusterball Culpa Innata Dangerous Waters Darkstar: The Interactive Movie Desperados: Wanted Dead or Alive Disciples: Sacred Lands Disciples II: Dark Prophecy Enemy Engaged 2 Europa Universalis FlatOut 3: Chaos & Destruction FlatOut 4: Total Insanity Galactic Civilizations Hearts of Iron Jagged Alliance Jagged Alliance 2 Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns Legion Arena Making History: The Calm & The Storm Man of War O.R.B: Off-World Resource Base Perimeter 2: New Earth Robin Hood: The Legend of Sherwood Space Empires IV Space Empires V Submarine Titans Sudden Strike Supreme Ruler 2010 Timelines: Assault on America World War II Online References Category:1988 establishments in Quebec Category:Canadian companies established in 1988 Category:Companies based in Montreal Category:Video game companies established in 1988 Category:Video game companies of Canada Category:Video game publishers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Michael Therriault Michael Therriault is a Canadian actor. He attended Etobicoke School of the Arts in Toronto, Sheridan College in Oakville, and was a member of the inaugural season of the Birmingham Conservatory for Classical Theatre Training in Stratford, Ontario. Life and career After spending seven seasons at the Stratford Festival, Therriault left the classical repertoire theatre for musical theatre, starring as Leopold Bloom in the short-lived Toronto production of The Producers. For the performance Therriault won a Dora Award for Principal Actor in a Musical. In 2006, Therriault portrayed Tommy Douglas in the CBC Television special Prairie Giant: The Tommy Douglas Story. He was subsequently nominated for a Gemini Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series. The show received a total of nine nominations, including Best Writing in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series and Best Dramatic Mini-Series. While on Broadway in a revival of Fiddler on the Roof, Therriault got news that he had secured the role of Gollum in the Toronto premiere of The Lord of the Rings: The Musical. He received his second Dora for the performance. When it closed, he returned to Saskatchewan to film the made-for-television adaptation of Guy Vanderhaeghe's The Englishman's Boy (it aired in two parts on March 2 and 9, 2008, and is now available on DVD). In May 2007, The Lord of the Rings moved to London, with Therriault reprising the role he originated. The production closed on July 19, 2008, after 492 performances. On Monday, October 20, 2008, Therriault took part in a tribute to the late Richard Monette, former artistic director of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival. Therriault performed in The Sound of Silence, a tribute to Paul Simon at the Bathurst Street Theatre in Toronto on April 20, 2009. On April 27, 2009, it was announced that Therriault will appear as Irving Berlin, alongside Michael Boatman as Scott Joplin, in The Tin Pan Alley Rag, which centers around the imagined meeting of the two great musicians. The Tin Pan Alley Rag is presented by Roundabout Theatre Company in New York, June 12 to September 6, 2009. Stratford Shakespeare Festival credits Peter Pan (2010)—Peter Pan Quiet in the Land (2003)—Yock Bauman Pericles, Prince of Tyre (2003)—Boult The Hunchback of Notre Dame (2003)—Jehan The Two Noble Kinsmen (2002)—Doctor/Schoolmaster/Speaker King Henry VI, Reign of Terror (2002)—King Henry VI King Henry VI, Revolt in England (2002)—King Henry VI King Henry VI, Revenge in France (2002)—King Henry VI The Seagull (2001)—Konstantin' Henry V (2001)—Montjoy Twelfth Night (2001)—Sir Andrew Aguecheek As You Like It (2000)—Silvius Fiddler on the Roof (2000)—Motel The Alchemist (1999)—Drugger The Tempest (1999)—Ariel A Midsummer Night's Dream (1999)—Francis Flute The Miser (1998)—Cleante Much Ado About Nothing (1998)—George Seacole Julius Caesar (1998)—Lucius Filumena (1997)—Umbreto The Taming of the Shrew (1997)—Pietro Camelot (1997)—Mordred Other credits Me and My Girl, Shaw Festival, (2017) - Bill Snibson Halcyon — Blake Creighton (2016) Reign – Lord Castleroy, 2013–2017 Parade, The Canadian Stage Company, (2011)- Leo Frank Tin Pan Alley Rag, Roundabout Theatre Company (2009)—Irving Berlin Jitters, Manitoba Theatre Centre (2009)—George Ellsworth The Englishman's Boy, CBC Television (2008)—Harry Vincent The Lord of the Rings, Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London (2007)—Gollum The Lord of the Rings, Princess of Wales Theatre, Toronto (2006)—Gollum Prairie Giant: The Tommy Douglas Story, CBC Television (2006)—Tommy Douglas The Producers, Canon Theatre, Toronto (2003)—Leo Bloom See also Stratford Shakespeare Festival Sources Via Destinations article, August 2006 Now Magazine article, March 2006 Star! Bio Playbill article, September 2003 Offstage, Onstage: Inside the Stratford Festival, a documentary made over the course of the 2001 Season References External links Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Canadian male stage actors Category:Canadian male film actors Category:Dora Mavor Moore Award winners Category:People from Oakville, Ontario Category:Sheridan College alumni Category:Male actors from Ontario Category:21st-century Canadian male actors Category:20th-century Canadian male actors	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Silver Shell for Best Director The Silver Shell for Best Director (; ) is one of the main awards presented at the San Sebastián Film Festival to the director of a competing film. Award winners See also Golden Shell for Best Film Silver Shell for Best Actress Silver Shell for Best Actor Donostia Award Sebastiane Award References Category:San Sebastián International Film Festival Category:Spanish film awards Category:Lists of films by award Category:International film awards External links Official website SSIFF Award Archive	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Prontor-Compur A Prontor-Compur connection (also known as a PC connector, PC terminal, or PC socket) is a standard 3.5 mm (1/8") electrical connector (as defined in ISO 519) used in photography to synchronize the shutter to the flash. Etymology "Prontor" has its origins in the Italian word "pronto", meaning ready (and was a leaf shutter made by ). "Compur" is derived from the word "compound" (the "" was a long-lived series of leaf shutters made by ). History The term is derived from brands of widely marketed photographic leaf shutters manufactured from the early 1950s by two distinct, but now defunct German companies. (which made the Prontor-S and Prontor SV models, amongst others) and (the Synchro-Compur model, successor to the Compound model). Both companies' brands, Prontor (from 1953) and Compur (from 1951), shared a common 1/8"-inch coaxial connector for shutter/flash synchronization. This convergence of design is not as coincidental as it might first appear, owing to the fact that the Zeiss organisation held a significant shareholding in both of these companies prior to the introduction of the shared connector. By the 1950s, Gauthier were manufacturing up to 10,000 Prontor shutters daily. The Gauthier company's essence lives on as , which is a wholly owned subsidiary of . The Deckel company went bankrupt in 1994. References See also Flash synchronization Flash (photography) Category:Photography equipment Category:Electrical connectors	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hiroto Fuku is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays pitcher for the Chunichi Dragons. Fuku was the 4th draft pick for the Dragons at the 2015 NPB draft. Early career Fuku started playing rubber ball baseball in elementary school. He reached the semi-finals of the Hyogo prefectural high school tournament with his school, Kobe West High School, but was unable to make an appearance at the summer koshien. He worked for JR Kyushu manning Kokura Station in Fukuoka and playing baseball for the company team where he played at the national baseball championships. On 22 October 2016, at the 2015 Nippon Professional Baseball draft, Fuku was the 4th pick for the Chunichi Dragons. At the press conference for the unveiling of the new draftees, it was announced that Fuku would be presented with the number 34 previously worn by the long-serving, 217 win taking pitcher, Masahiro Yamamoto. At the conference, Fuku promised that "the responsibility of carrying on the legacy of a number worn by such a legend as Yamamoto is heavy but I don't think of that as a minus, rather is spurs me on to go out and do it. A professional never uses the word impossible." At the conference Fuku was asked in a playful way whether he would give an impression of his time working with JR, and he replied with "This is a call for customers riding the express train to Hakata. For those customers taking the number 34 Sonic express please move to the number 4 platform." This playfully mixed in a reference to his new number to the applause and laughter of the crowd. Professional career Chunichi Dragons Rookie Year Fuku was the only rookie in the 2015 draft class to make the opening day roster and he made his professional debut on March 26, 2016 as a relief pitcher in a 7-3 second day loss to the Hanshin Tigers. On the 31st of March 2016 he made his starting debut against the Hiroshima Carp at Nagoya Dome. Fuku registered his first win against the Yomiuri Giants at the Tokyo Dome on May 7, 2016 as a reliever following starter Drew Naylor's withdrawal with injury. On 25 August, he returned to the mound after a long absence from the first team in an extended innings game against the Tokyo Yakult Swallows at Meiji Jingu Stadium where he gave up a walk-off wild pitch in the 11th inning resulting in a 9-8 loss. 2017-2018 At the end of the 2017 season, due to an left shoulder injury, Fuku was demoted to a development contract and assigned the 234 while he was rehabilitating. On July 19 2018, after the trade of southpaw reliever, Ryuya Ogawa to the Saitama Seibu Lions, Fuku was reinstated to the full-time roster and reassigned the 34. Fuku made one appearance with the top team to finish the season. 2019 Fuku became a key part of the Dragons bullpen in 2019 pitching in 52 games, 52.2 innings and a 2.05 ERA. External links NPB.jp (English) Dragons.jp (Japanese) References Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:Baseball people from Hyōgo Prefecture Category:Japanese baseball players Category:Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers Category:Chunichi Dragons players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Richard P. Powell Richard Pitts Powell (November 28, 1908 – December 8, 1999) was an American novelist. Biography Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Powell graduated from Princeton University in 1930 then worked at the Philadelphia Evening Public Ledger newspaper. After ten years, he joined the advertising agency N. W. Ayer & Son. Following service on Gen. Douglas MacArthur's staff during World War II, he returned to N.W. Ayer, where he rose to vice president of information services in 1952. In the 1940s, Powell began writing fiction and in 1958 was able to devote himself to writing full-time. His first published books were Inner Sanctum Mysteries, published from 1943 to 1955. The Philadelphian (1956), his major publishing debut, spent more than six months on the bestseller list, and was filmed in 1959 as The Young Philadelphians. Richard Powell died on December 8, 1999 in Fort Myers, Florida. NovelsDon’t Catch Me (1943)All Over but the Shooting (1944)Lay that Pistol Down (1945)Shoot if You Must (1946)And Hope to Die (1947)Shark River (1949) Shell Game (1950)The Build-Up Boys (1951) (written as Jeremy Kirk)A Shot in the Dark (1952), republished with Shell Game in 2008, Say It with Bullets (1953), republished in 2006, Dorchester Publishing Hard Case Crime, False Colors (1955)The Philadelphian (1956), republished in 2006, Plexus Publishing, Pioneer, Go Home! (1959), . Filmed in 1962 as Follow That Dream starring Elvis Presley.The Soldier (1960)I Take this Land (1963)Daily and Sunday (1964)Don Quixote, U.S.A. (1966)Tickets to the Devil (1968), Whom the Gods Would Destroy (1970) Dorchester Publishing republished Say It with Bullets in paperback in March 2006 as part of its Hard Case Crime series. Plexus Publishing republished The Philadelphian in hardcover and paperback in November 2006. The new edition features a foreword by Robert Vaughn and additional material from Powell and his daughter. Shell Game and A Shot in the Dark were republished by Starkhouse Press in 2008. In filmThe Philadelphian was made into the movie The Young Philadelphians (1959), starring Paul Newman, Barbara Rush and Robert Vaughn, who received an Academy Award nomination for his role.The Build-Up Boys (written under the pen name of Jeremy Kirk) was made into a 1961 film renamed Madison Avenue.Pioneer, Go Home! was made into a 1962 film renamed Follow That Dream, starring Elvis Presley. The 1971 Woody Allen movie Bananas also uses elements of Don Quixote, U.S.A.'' in its plot. References Category:1908 births Category:1999 deaths Category:Writers from Philadelphia Category:American male novelists Category:20th-century American novelists Category:Princeton University alumni Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:20th-century American male writers Category:Novelists from Pennsylvania	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Karaikal South (Union Territory Assembly constituency) Karaikal South is a legislative assembly constituency in the Union territory of Puducherry in India. Karaikal South assembly constituency was part of Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency). Members of Legislative Assembly 1974: S. Ramaswamy, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1977: S. Ramaswamy, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1980: S. Savarirajan, Indian National Congress (Indira) 1985: S. Ramaswamy, Independent 1990: S. Ramaswamy, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1991: A. V. Subramanian, Indian National Congress 1996: A. V. Subramanian, Indian National Congress 2001: A. V. Subramanian, Indian National Congress 2006: V. K. Ganapathy, Puducherry Munnetra Congress 2011: A.M.H.Nazeem, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 2016: K. A. U. Asana, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam References Category:Assembly constituencies of Puducherry Category:Karaikal	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Héctor Murguía Lardizábal Hector Murguia Lardizabal (born Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, March 13, 1953). He is married to Patricia Holguín Cárdenas and is the father to three children, Hector (1985), Patricia (1987), and Isabel (1989). Hector Murguía graduated from the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey (ITESM), majoring in chemical engineering. In his twenties, from 1973 to 1975, he worked as a high school teacher at the Institute Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), at Monterrey, Nuevo León. He later taught for a year (1978-1979) at the Universidad Autonóma de Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Afterwards, he worked as the general manager of a bread factory. In 1978, he transferred back to Ciudad Juárez to work for a family-owned home improvement store, Maderería del Norte S.A. A year after, in 1979, he became the owner of a local manufacturing paint company, Química Industrail Fronteriza S.A. de C.V. (Pinturas Dekoro). He has been a Senator, Federal Deputy in the LXI Legislature and served as Mayor of Ciudad Juarez for 2004-2007 and 2010-2013. In 1994 he was elected Senator of Chihuahua in conjunction with Martha Lara Alatorre, defeating the formula postulated by the National Action Party (PAN), headed by Luis H. Alvarez. He defeated Mr. Alvarez having the highest number of votes in any election in the state of Chihuahua. In 2004 he defeated the PAN candidate, Cruz Perez Cuellar, in the race for mayor, making him the first PRI winning candidate in 12 years. During this term he constructed a peripheral ring road, Camino Real, which connected the north and south part of Ciudad Juarez benefitting over a million citizens in their commute to work. Further, his administration won national accolades for an energy project generating green energy from capturing methane gas from the city’s largest landfill. Additionally, 30 community centers were inaugurated in the city’s poorest and most marginalized neighborhoods to reconstruct the social fabric. In prior years, trash collection had been a major issue for the city of Juarez. During Mr. Murguia’s administration with the help of private organizations trash collection was made efficient and consistent. In December 15, 2009 he applied for leave as Federal Deputy to seek his party's nomination for Governor of Chihuahua, but Cesar Duarte Jaquez was nominated. On March 10, 2010 he was nominated as the PRI's unity candidate for municipal president of City of Juárez. He was elected to a second term at the head of the city council in the elections of July 4, 2010, assuming office on October 10. During his term, one of his major accomplishments was bringing peace and security to the border city. From 2008 to 2010 Ciudad Juárez had occupied first place in the city with the highest homicide rates. During Mr. Murguia’s term his commitment and policies allowed for the homicide rate to decrease significalty from 3,000 a year to less than 300. Mr. Murguia’s administration was responsible for erecting the famous landmark “X” which was constructed as a tribute to Mexico’s president Benito Juarez. The X symbolizes the cross between two cultures the indigenous and the Spanish. The cross is also an Aztec religious symbol signifying the Fifth Sun. References Category:Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians Category:1953 births Category:Living people Category:21st-century Mexican politicians Category:Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kessleria macedonica Kessleria macedonica is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in North Macedonia. The length of the forewings is about 8 mm. The forewings are light greyish brown. The hindwings are greyish brown. Adults have been recorded in July. References Category:Moths described in 1992 Category:Yponomeutidae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tefenni nase The Tefenni nase or Tefenni minnow (Chondrostoma fahirae) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Turkey where it has a distribution limited to the Kirkpinar spring in Karamusa village near Tefenni, Karatash Lake and Değirmendere stream flowing into Karamanlı Reservoir in wider Lake Burdur basin in Central Anatolia. Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss and was extirpated from the Kirkinpar spring, its type locality, and had to be reintroduced there with unknown success, the population in Değirmendere was discovered in the 21st Century and its size is unknown. References Category:Chondrostoma Category:Fish of Turkey Category:Fish described in 1960 Category:Endemic fauna of Turkey Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sulikatti Sulikatti is a village in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India. References Category:Villages in Dharwad district	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ilse Heylen Ilse Heylen (born 21 March 1977, Edegem) is a Belgian judoka. She won the bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Heylen competed in the Half-lightweight (52 kg). She won her first two bouts against Madagascar's Naina Ravaoarisoa and Kazakhstan's Sholpan Kaliyeva before losing to Cuba's Amarilis Savón, the eventual bronze medal winner, she advanced to the repechage however. She won all of her repechage bouts over Sanna Askelöf of Sweden and Georgina Singleton of Great Britain before winning her bronze medal bout over France's Annabelle Euranie. Heylen also became the 2005 European Champion (in Rotterdam) and won a silver medal in 2004 and a bronze medal at the 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010 European Championships in Belgrade. She also competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she reached the semi-finals, where she was defeated by the eventual silver medalist, Yanet Bermoy. References Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Belgian female judoka Category:Olympic judoka of Belgium Category:Judoka at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Judoka at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Judoka at the 2012 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Belgium Category:Olympic medalists in judo Category:People from Edegem Category:Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Universiade medalists in judo Category:Universiade bronze medalists for Belgium Category:European Games competitors for Belgium Category:Judoka at the 2015 European Games	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bomb Chicken Bomb Chicken is a 2D puzzle-platformer video game developed and published by Nitrome. The game was first released in the Americas and Europe on July 12, 2018, for the Nintendo Switch game console through the Nintendo eShop download service, followed by versions for PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, and macOS. Set in a Latin American jungle, the player controls a chicken who can lay multiple bombs, which are used to solve puzzles and defeat enemies in order to escape a processing plant run by BFC, a large fast-food chain. Bomb Chicken was well received by critics, who praised its gameplay and presentation, but criticized its short length. Gameplay Bomb Chicken is a 2D puzzle-platformer where the player controls a chicken who can lay bombs instead of eggs. The chicken obtained this power after an accident involving the mysterious blue sauce that is being mined by BFC, a large fast-food chain. Unlike in most platformers, the chicken cannot jump; instead, it ascends by laying bombs which it stands on top of. The chicken can lay multiple bombs in a stack in order to reach higher places. The bombs automatically explode a few seconds after laying them, so the chicken must move quickly after laying them. Bombs can be pushed by the chicken so that they fly into enemies and obstacles. The chicken uses these abilities to try to escape BFC's mining operation, with settings including a factory and overgrown Mesoamerican ruins. The chicken faces several foes, ranging from BFC workers to aggressive natives, most of which can be defeated by using a bomb or landing on top of them. Obstacles include blocks which can be blown up, flying arrows, platforms that fall when the chicken steps on them, and fireballs that hop out of lava. Switches are a common puzzle element and can be pressed to open mechanical doors. Some of them are on a timer, while others only stay active if something stays on top of them. Certain doors are also opened by taking keycards to them. The game has a total of 29 levels spread across three worlds. The chicken dies after taking one hit, after which it loses a life, which only replenishes after clearing a level or getting a game over, which happens when the chicken loses all their lives. Within the levels are blue gems that the chicken can collect, as well as hidden rooms which house even more gems. Between each level is an opportunity to trade a certain number gems to increase the player's maximum extra lives. With each trade, the threshold for gems increases, so the player will have to collect more gems across multiple levels in order to meet this minimum requirement. Development Bomb Chicken was developed by UK-based studio Nitrome, which had previously exclusively made browser games and mobile games. The game was first announced on March 16, 2017, via a teaser on YouTube and was posted to Steam Greenlight the same day. The game was originally scheduled for release in 2017, but was later delayed to 2018. On March 20, 2018, Nitrome confirmed the game would launch first on Nintendo Switch, marking their first console game. A Japanese release was also announced, and the game released there on November 1, 2018. Nitrome has also said that they are open to downloadable content should the game sell well enough, as well as a physical release. A physical release for Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 was released on March 29, 2019, courtesy of Limited Run Games. The game was announced for download on PlayStation 4 and Steam for April 16, 2019. Reception Bomb Chicken received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Metacritic scored the game a 77/100 based on 14 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews." References External links Official website Bomb Chicken at Mobygames Category:2018 video games Category:Nintendo Switch games Category:Windows games Category:MacOS games Category:PlayStation 4 games Category:Xbox One games Category:Video games developed in the United Kingdom Category:Puzzle video games Category:Platform games Category:Puzzle-platform games Category:Fictional chickens Category:Unity (game engine) games	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jashbhai Maganbhai Patel College of Commerce Jashbhai Maganbhai Patel College of Commerce is an educational institution located in Goregaon (West), Mumbai, India. It is also known as Sanskardham Kelvani Mandal's Jashbhai Maganbhai Patel College of Commerce (SKM JMPC). The Sanskardham Kelavani Mandal (S.K.M.) was established in the year 1959 by (Late) Shri. Govindjibhai Shroff. SKM's all the institutions are situated on a sprawling campus of about 2.09 acres of land situated at Goregaon (W) near the Link road connecting Andheri and Dahisar. SKM's Jashbhai Maganbhai Patel College of Commerce was started in the year 1988. External links Category:Universities and colleges in Mumbai Category:Colleges in India	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bulbophyllum tahitense Bulbophyllum tahitense is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. References The Bulbophyllum-Checklist The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia tahitense	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Fritz Schollmeyer Fritz Schollmeyer (born 19 June 1922) is a former German football manager. References Category:1922 births Category:Living people Category:German football managers Category:BC Augsburg managers Category:Tennis Borussia Berlin managers Category:VfL Wolfsburg managers Category:Wormatia Worms managers Category:K. Beringen F.C. managers Category:Bonner SC managers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gettysburg (block wargame) Gettysburg is a block wargame designed in 2004 by Tom Dalgliesh and his son, Grant Dalgliesh and produced by their game company, Columbia Games. Description Gettysburg is a block wargame based on the three-day battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War. All three days of Gettysburg can be played separately or together. Players can change the entry roads of divisions to surprise opponents and must maintain division and corps organization to be successful. The game features a brigade level order of battle with historical units and leaders. The game system rewards players who maintain division and corps integrity. Publication History The game was first released in 2004. Reception Wizard Kings is rated with a 7.1 on BoardGameGeek. External sources Gettysburg official website References Category:Board wargames Category:Columbia Games games	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sanātanī An author with the name Sānātanī is mentioned by Udayana (10th century). Sanātanī () is a term used within Hinduism to describe denominations that adhere to what is sometimes known as Hinduism. The term is used to contrast with reformist denominations of Hinduism, which often reject previously long-established socio-religious systems based on traditional interpretations of specific scriptures, or with unorthodox sectarian followers of an individual sant (saint). The term was popularized by Gandhi in 1921. Sanātana dharma Sanātana dharma (Devanagari: meaning "eternal dharma" or "eternal order") is the original name of Hinduism. Today it is associated only with Hinduism. The term was used during the Hindu revivalism movement in order to avoid having to use the term "Hindu" which is of non-native (Persian) origin. Sanatana Dharma was designed as a way of life designed to best ensure the continuity of humanity on this earth and provide the entire population with spiritual sustenance. In current-day usage, the term sanatana dharma is diminished and used to emphasize a "traditional” or sanatani ("eternalist") outlook in contrast to the socio-political Hinduism embraced by movements such as the Arya Samaj. In sharp contrast to the efforts by Lahore Sanatana Dharma Sabha to preserve the Hindu tradition against the onslaught of reform, now it is being stressed that Sanatan Dharma cannot be rigid, it has to be inclusive without excluding the best and totality of knowledge to guide the karmic process, especially as Sanatan has no beginning and no end. The phrase dharma sanātana does occur in classical Sanskrit literature, e.g. in the Manusmrti (4-138) and in the Bhagavata Purana,<ref name="bhagvatapurana2345">{{Citation\|title=Bhagvata Purana\|url=https://www.vedabase.com/en/sb/8/14/4\|quote=... "At the end of each cycle of four yugas, the rishis, through their asceticism, saw the collections of srutis swallowed up by time, after which the eternal dharma (was re-established). (Srimad Bhagavatam 8.14.4)}}</ref> in a sense akin to "cosmic order". Sanatanis as a denomination Since many reformist groups had the word Samaj (meaning society) or were led by a sant (meaning saint), Sanatanis are often held to be in contrast with Samajists and Santpanthis (meaning those who walk on the panth/path shown by their sant/saint). Unlike South India, where religious traditions such as Shaivism, Shaktism and Vaishnavism form the principal Hindu denominations, "they were effectively subsumed under the Sanatani identity" in many regions of North India, and the Samajs and Santpanths'' became the other distinct Hindu denominations. Reformist denominations such as the Arya Samaj are often fundamentalist in their approach. The Arya Samaj regards the Vedas as infallible, revealed scripture, and rejects what it regards as non-Vedic innovations in Sanatani Hinduism. These non-Vedic additions included inherited caste, the position of Brahmins as a revered group, idol-worship, and the addition of thousands of deities to the Sanatani Hindu pantheon. These differences are often apparent in social practices. Arya Samaji weddings, for instance, are based on Vedic practice and tend to be simpler and shorter with a qualified individual of any caste-heritage conducting the wedding, whereas Sanatani weddings are longer, with more complex rituals and always involve an officiating Brahmin priest. Competition with other denominations Sanatanis and reformists (such as the Arya Samaj, the Radha Soamis and the Ramakrishna Mission) have competed for adherents for more than a century, sometimes creating deep schisms in Hindu society, as in the case of South African Hindus who were split between the Arya Samaj and Sanatanis. While the reformist groups were better organized initially, by the 1860s, a process of internal counter-reform was underway in Sanatani groups as well, and societies to propagate orthodox beliefs along modern lines emerged, such as Sanatan Dharm Rakshini Sabha in 1873. Some religious commentators have compared the Sanatani-Samaji dichotomy within Hinduism as similar to the Catholic-Protestant division in Christianity. See also Hindu idealism Neo-Vedanta Hindu revivalism References Category:Hindu denominations Category:Indigenous Aryanism	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Handrail A handrail is a rail that is designed to be grasped by the hand so as to provide stability or support. Handrails are commonly used while ascending or descending stairways and escalators in order to prevent injurious falls. Handrails are typically supported by posts or mounted directly to walls. Similar items not covered in this article include bathroom handrails—which help to prevent falls on slippery, wet floors—other grab bars, used, for instance, in ships' galleys, and barres, which serve as training aids for ballet dancers. Guard rails and balustrades line drop-offs and other dangerous areas, keeping people and vehicles out. History The oldest known handrail was uncovered by French archaeologist Pierre St. Jamaine in an Assyrian ruin in southern Iraq in the city-state Nippur. British specifications British Standard and British Standard Code of Practice are harmonized to European Normal (EN) series. Handrail height is set between 0.9 and 1 metre. Further details may be found on the UK government website. Dimensions (US) Various model codes—The International Code Council (ICC) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)—and accessibility standards—ANSI A117.1 and the Americans With Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design (ADASAD)—refer to handrail dimensions. Current versions of these codes and standards now agree that handrail is defined as either a circular cross section with an outside diameter of 1¼" (32 mm) minimum and 2" (51 mm) maximum or a non-circular cross section with a perimeter dimension of 4" (100 mm) minimum and 6¼" (160 mm) maximum and a cross section dimension of 2¼" (57 mm) maximum. In addition, the International Residential Code (IRC) includes a definition of a "Type II" handrail that allows for handrail with a perimeter dimension greater than 6¼" (160 mm). The IRC and residential portion of the 2009 IBC define Type II handrail as follows: Type II. Handrails with a perimeter greater than 6¼ inches (160 mm) shall provide a graspable finger recess area on both sides of the profile. The finger recess shall begin within a distance of 3/4 inch (19 mm) measured vertically from the tallest portion of the profile and achieve a depth of at least 5/16 inch (8 mm) within 7/8 inch (22 mm) below the widest portion of the profile. This required depth shall continue for at least 3/8 inch (10mm) to a level that is not less than 1¾ inches (45 mm) below the tallest portion of the profile. The minimum width of the handrail above the recess shall be 1¼ inches (32 mm) to a maximum of 2¾ inches (70 mm). Edges shall have a minimum radius of 0.01 inch (0.25 mm). Handrails are located at a height between 34" (864 mm) and 38" (965 mm). In areas where children are the principal users of a building or facility, the 2010 ADASAD recommends that a second set of handrails at a maximum height of 28" (711 mm) measured to the top of the gripping surface from the ramp surface or stair nosing can assist in preventing accidents. Clearance (US) The distance between the wall and handrail gripping surface is also governed by local code with the most common requirement being 1½" (38 mm) minimum. The National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) require that the distance between the wall and handrail be a minimum of 2¼" (57 mm). The 1992 Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) stated that there was to be an absolute dimension of 1½" between a handrail and a wall. This was actually a "grab bar" dimension which was part of the 1986 ANSI A117.1. ANSI changed the notation to 1½" minimum in 1990. This was not corrected in 2010 with the approval of the new ADASAD which now calls for a 1½" minimum (38 mm) clearance. Codes also generally require that there be a 1½" clearance between the underside of the handrail and any obstruction—including the horizontal bracket arm. There is an allowance however for variations in the handrail size—for every 1/2" of additional perimeter dimension over 4", 1/8" may be subtracted from the clearance requirement. Strength (US) Handrails are to support a continuous load of 50 plf (75 kg-m) or a concentrated load of 200 pounds (90 kg) applied at the top of the handrail. ADA height notations Adult requirements Top of gripping surfaces of handrails shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm) maximum vertically above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces. Handrails shall be at a consistent height above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces. Child recommendation When children are the principal users in a building or facility (e.g., elementary schools), a second set of handrails at an appropriate height can assist them and aid in preventing accidents. A maximum height of 28 inches (710 mm) measured to the top of the gripping surface from the ramp surface or stair nosing is recommended for handrails designed for children. Sufficient vertical clearance between upper and lower handrails, 9 inches (230 mm) minimum, should be provided to help prevent entrapment. Adult Height Requirements Top of gripping surfaces of handrails shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm) maximum vertically above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces. Handrails shall be at a consistent height above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces. Children Height Requirements When children are the principal users in a building or facility (e.g., elementary schools), a second set of handrails(handrails) at an appropriate height can assist them and aid in preventing accidents. A maximum height of 28 inches (710 mm) measured to the top of the gripping surface from the ramp surface or stair nosing is recommended for handrails designed for children. Sufficient vertical clearance between upper and lower handrails, 9 inches (230 mm) minimum, should be provided to help prevent entrapment. See also Baluster Guard rail Hanging strap Mobile Safety Steps References External links Category:Stairs Category:Stairways Category:Architectural elements Category:Garden features Category:Ironmongery	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rahul Kumar Rahul Kumar may refer to: Rahul Kumar (politician) (born 1984), Indian politician Rahul Kumar (footballer) (born 1985), Indian footballer Rahul Kumar (actor) (born 1995), Indian actor	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Al-Ain FC (Saudi Arabia) Al-Ain Saudi Football Club () is a professional football club based in Al-Atawlah, Saudi Arabia, that plays in the Prince Mohammad bin Salman League, the second tier of Saudi football. It was founded in 1978. Stadium Current squad As of 18 June 2019 {\| \|- \| valign="top" \| {\| class="wikitable" \|- ! style="color:red; background:yellow;"\|No ! style="color:red; background:yellow;"\|Position ! style="color:red; background:yellow;"\|Player ! style="color:red; background:yellow;"\|Nation \|- Out on loan References Ain Category:Association football clubs established in 1978 Category:1978 establishments in Saudi Arabia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2000–01 Danish Superliga The 2000–01 Danish Superliga season was the 11th season of the Danish Superliga league championship, governed by the Danish Football Association. It took place from the first match on July 22, 2000 to final match on June 13, 2001. The Danish champions qualified for the second UEFA Champions League 2001-02 qualification round, while the second to third placed teams qualified for the first qualification round of the UEFA Cup 2001-02. The fourth and fifth placed teams qualified for the UEFA Intertoto Cup 2001, while the two lowest placed teams of the tournament was directly relegated to the Danish 1st Division. Likewise, the Danish 1st Division champions and runners-up were promoted to the Superliga. Table Top goal scorers See also 2000-01 in Danish football External links Fixtures at NetSuperligaen.dk Onside.dk by Viasat Peders Fodboldstatistik Category:Danish Superliga seasons 1 Denmark	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Battle of Drava River The Battle of Drava River was fought between the army of Tomislav of Croatia and the forces of Hungarian tribes led by Grand Prince Zoltán, the youngest son of Árpád, founder of the Árpád dynasty. According to the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea from the late 12th century, Tomislav of Croatia defeated the Hungarians in battle. Others question the reliability of this account, because there is no proof for this interpretation in other records. The exact place and time of the battle is not known, but very few remaining medieval sources suggest that the clash took place on the right bank of the Drava River in medieval Slavonia () or former Principality of Pannonian Croatia respectively, in 925. Slavonia should have been an integral part of the medieval Croatian state if the battle had happened, however according to the Byzantine ruler Constantine Porphyrogenitus it was under Hungarian control. The battle was followed by the unification of Littoral Croatia and the territory of Pannonian Croatia. Background, battle and consequences Having arrived in the Pannonian Plain by the end of the 9th century and conquering the people living north of the Drava River, Hungarians intensified their fast looting raids across continental Europe. They started occasionally to perform devastating raids and military campaigns to the south as well, across the Drava river, to the territory of the Principality of Pannonian Croatia. They succeeded in defeating the Principality's last known ruler Braslav (ruled in 880–898/900), who was vassalaged to the Kingdom of East Francia. Somewhere at the beginning of the 10th century, Hungarians went further south and attacked the Duchy of Croatia, then ruled by Muncimir (892–910) and his successor Tomislav (910–928), two Knezes (Princes or Dukes) from the House of Trpimirović. Tomislav undertook measures to prevent Hungarian incursions, mobilizing his army, deploying to the north and carrying out the military actions to fight the enemy. According to meager medieval sources, the decisive battle took place in an undefined area of the right, southern bank of the Drava River. Historians have come to such conclusion on the basis of the following sources: Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea from the 12th century (Chapter XII: „... King Tomislav, brave young man and powerful warrior, ... fought many wars with the Hungarian king and always forced him to flee...“), De Administrando Imperio from the 10th century, Gesta Hungarorum from the 12th century and Historia Salonitana from the 13th century. There are no contemporary accounts of the battle. In „De Administrando Imperio“, written a few decades after the battle by Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, there are more data about another battle Tomislav of Croatia fought, the Battle of the Bosnian Highlands, against the army of the mighty Bulgarian Empire in 927, which resulted in Croatian decisive victory. Together with Constantine's assertion that Tomislav was able to field an army of 100,000 foot soldiers and 60,000 horse soldiers (which numbers are disputed though), it shows however the strength and capability of the Croatian army, able to reject Hungarians. After the battle, Tomislav took control over the territory south of Drava, uniting Croatian lands from the Adriatic Sea in the south to the Drava River in the north, as well as from eastern part of Istria (Raša River) in the west to Drina River in the east. Moreover, the Croatian ruler governed the coastal towns of Byzantine Province of Dalmatia, which he was given by the Emperor. The records of the two Synods of Bishops held in Split in 925 and 928 indirectly confirm that Croatia comprised the territory of medieval Slavonia, with its capital Sisak. At the 925 Synod Gregory of Nin lost his diocese and was offered to choose another one, among the temporary vacant bishop seats of Skradin, Sisak or Delmit (possibly Delminium - present-day Tomislavgrad, maybe Omiš). Just the possibility to choose Sisak, the only bishopric in Slavonia at that time and the seat of the ruler of Pannonian Croatia, confirms that the area of this former principality was after the battle of Drava controlled by King Tomislav of Croatia. Gallery See also Hungarian invasions of Europe Military history of Croatia Medieval Croatian state Principality of Hungary References External links Prof. Vjekoslav Klaić: „The History of Croats“, Part 1 (641-1301), Zagreb 1899 Miscellany of the works „Tomislav – the first King of Croatia“, Zagreb, 23. June 1999 Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea – Montenegrin version Sisak bishopric jurisdiction reached the territory till the Drava River, wrote Thomas the Archdeacon (died 1268) Mirko Marković, PhD: „Slavonia – History of settlements and origin of population“, Zagreb 2002., quoting clashes between Croats and Hungarians at Drava River (pages 62 and 63) Drava River Drava River Drava River Category:925 Drava River Category:10th century in Croatia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Marianne Baillie Marianne Baillie (1788–1831) was an English traveller, poet and author of the 19th century, who wrote four books, two being collections of verse, and the others being descriptions of her travels in Europe. Biography Marianne Baillie was born Marianne Wathen to the English actor George Wathen (1762–1849) and Marianne Norford, daughter of Dr. William Norford (1715–1793). She married Mr. Alexander Baillie "some years previous" to 1817. Her brother Augustus Wathen (1796–1844) married Elizabeth Jane Leslie, daughter of the Earl of Rothes. Mrs. Baillie's first contribution to literature was a small volume, entitled Guy of Warwick, a Legende, and other Poems, Kingsbury, 1817. A very limited edition was printed by Mr. Baillie at his private printing-press, and, in 1818, a second edition was in demand. Some of the poems in this work were afterwards reproduced in a volume privately printed in London in 1825, and "not published", entitled Trifles in Verse. The preface is written by Mr. Baillie, who says that after the year 1817 "hard times came". Early in 1818 the Baillies found a "shelter" and a "calm retreat" at Twickenham, where they received kindness from Lady Howe, whose second husband, Sir Wathen Waller, would seem to have been a relative of Mrs. Baillie. It was from Twickenham that the Baillies set out for a continental tour, crossing the Channel from Dover to Calais on 9 August 1818, and returning 8 October following. The literary result of this journey appeared in a volume inscribed by the author to the Right Hon. John Trevor, who had been British minister at Turin from 1783 to 1798; of whom Mrs. Baillie spoke after his death as a "paternal friend". The title of the volume was First Impressions on a Tour upon the Continent in the Summer of 1818, through Parts of France, Italy, Switzerland, the Borders of Germany, and a Part of French Flanders, 8vo, London, 1819. In the same year Mrs. Baillie wrote a poetical Farewell to Twickenham. After spending some time in Devonshire, she entered in June 1820 upon a residence of about two years and a half in Portugal. There she wrote a series of letters to her mother, afterwards published, with an inscription to the Earl of Chichester, "to whose kindness they owe their existence," in two volumes, entitled Lisbon in the Years 1821, 1822, and 1823, 8vo, London, 1824; second edition 1825. Several of her poems, published first in her letters, and afterwards in Trifles in Verse, describe the beauties of Cintra. The Baillies returned to England in October 1823, and settled in London. Mrs. Baillie died in 1831. Works References Attribution External links Category:1788 births Category:1830 deaths Category:English travel writers Category:English women poets Category:Women travel writers Category:19th-century English poets Category:19th-century British women writers Category:19th-century British writers Category:English women non-fiction writers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Andrew French (sculptor) Andrew Michael French is an English born abstract sculptor. A one-time pupil of Peter Hide, French is best known for upright, large-scale welded sculptures made of brightly painted steel. With sculptors Mark Bellows, Bianca Khan, Rob Willms, and Ryan McCourt, Andrew French is identified as part of the "Next Generation" of Edmonton Sculpture. Educated at Newbury College (England), and Kent Institute of Art & Design with a BFA in Sculpture, French completed his Master of Fine Arts at the University of Alberta in 1999. French's 1999 sculpture "Pillar" is located on the University of Alberta campus, his sculpture "Still Life" is in the collection of the CIty of Edmonton, installed in Belgravia Art Park and his small soldered brass piece "The Abduction of St. Paul" is in the collection of the Alberta Foundation for the Arts. Andrew French is a co-founder of the North Edmonton Sculpture Workshop. His sculptures have been seen in a number of important exhibitions in Edmonton, including the Chichester Festival, Big Things, the Edmonton Contemporary Artists' Society, and the Alberta Centennial Sculpture Exhibition at the Royal Alberta Museum, and Sculpture by Invitation at the Shaw Conference Centre. References Category:Living people Category:20th-century British sculptors Category:21st-century sculptors Category:English emigrants to Canada Category:English sculptors Category:English male sculptors Category:Metalsmiths Category:Assemblage artists Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Irvin Ternström Irvin Ternström (17 March 1909 – 5 February 1975) was a Swedish sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1936 Summer Olympics. References Category:1909 births Category:1975 deaths Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics Category:Swedish male sprinters Category:Olympic athletes of Sweden Category:Place of birth missing	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Thomas Smith (Australian politician) Thomas Smith (1846 – 5 August 1925) was an Australian politician. Born in Warwick to hatter Benjamin Smith and his wife Mary Ann, he arrived in Melbourne in July 1856. Apprenticed as a hatter, he was in business in South Melbourne from 1871. From 1888 to 1889 he was Mayor of South Melbourne. In 1889 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Emerald Hill; he joined the Labour Party when it formed in 1894. He left the Assembly in 1904 but served as Mayor of Port Melbourne from 1906 to 1907, 1914 to 1915 and 1920 to 1921. He died in Melbourne in 1925. References Category:1846 births Category:1925 deaths Category:Australian Labor Party mayors Category:Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly Category:English emigrants to Australia Category:People from Warwick Category:Politicians from Melbourne Category:Mayors of places in Victoria (Australia) Category:Australian businesspeople Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Centerville, Hamden Centerville, originally spelled Centreville, is a neighborhood in the east-central portion of the town of Hamden, Connecticut. It is the location of Hamden Town Hall and other major town government buildings. It derived its name from being at the intersection of the town's two principal thoroughfares, Whitney and Dixwell avenues, both with commercial development. The rest of the neighborhood is residential, with single-family houses, condominiums, and apartments. As with all neighborhoods in Hamden, it has no officially-defined boundaries. One map has it bounded on the north by James and Forest streets, on the east by Mill River, mostly coinciding with the North Haven town line, on the south by Skiff Street, and on the west by Dixwell and Evergreen avenues. The census tract with GEOID 09009166001, corresponding approximately to these boundaries, had a population of 6,887, as of the 2010 census. History The area was first settled in the early 1700s, becoming part of the Mount Carmel parish in 1757. In 1821, Grace Episcopal Church, formerly in Mount Carmel, built a new church building in Centerville. A mill race was built near where the Mill River crossed the Cheshire Turnpike (now Whitney Avenue) in 1820, leading to industrial development and growth of the village in the following decades, including a factory making rubber shoes using Charles Goodyear's process. In 1835, a meeting at a tavern, known as the Centerville House, at the site of the present town hall, established it as the seat of town government. The first town hall building was erected at the site in 1888. By the turn of the twentieth century, Whitney Avenue was paved from New Haven to Centerville, with a trolley line, leading to further development. American Mills Company bought the former rubber factory to produce straps for use during World War I. The Meadowbrook golf course was built on a former dairy farm and a new town hall was built on the same site as the old one in 1924. The American Mills factory was demolished to allow construction of the Wilbur Cross Parkway along the southeastern edge of the neighborhood in 1950. In 2002, work began on converting the golf course into Town Center Park and Hamden Middle School. In 2012, the town hall was expanded to include police department headquarters. Historic sites These sites in the neighborhood are on the National Register of Historic Places: Hamden Memorial Town Hall Farmington Canal (small part) Government The town hall is now occupied primarily by the Legislative Council chamber, the fire department headquarters, and the police department. Most other town government offices are in the Hamden Government Center, two blocks away. Across Dixwell Avenue from the town hall is the Miller Memorial Library complex, which houses the main Hamden library, Thornton Wilder Hall auditorium, and the Miller Senior Center. Centerville is located in Connecticut's 3rd congressional district, the 11th state senate district, and the 88th state house district. Most of it is in the 4th district of the town legislative council with a northwestern portion, known as Beecher Heights, in the 8th district. It is served by the Mount Carmel post office with ZIP code 06518. Transportation Wilbur Cross Parkway has interchanges a short distance from the town hall east on Dixwell and south on Whitney. CT Transit operates the 228 and 229 bus routes on Whitney from downtown New Haven, 228 terminating at the town hall and 229 continuing to Waterbury. The 238 route operates on Dixwell from downtown New Haven to the town hall. A short trail connects Town Center Park to the Farmington Canal Heritage Trail. Education Hamden Middle School, serving the entire town, is in the neighborhood. Children in the neighborhood attend primary-level public schools, then Hamden High School, in other neighborhoods. Recreation Town Center Park in the neighborhood is a major recreational area for the entire town. It is the site of concerts and other outdoors events throughout the warmer months. These activities typically take place on the green in many New England towns, but Hamden does not have one. References Category:Neighborhoods in Connecticut Category:Hamden, Connecticut	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bowthorpe Marsh Bowthorpe Marsh is a Local Nature Reserve in Norwich in Norfolk. It is owned and managed by Norwich City Council. This site adjacent to the River Yare has unimproved grassland, tall fen, a seasonal pond and drainage ditches, which have aquatic plants such as reed sweet-grass. There is access by a footpath from Doddermans Way. References Category:Local Nature Reserves in Norfolk	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nagaragere, Gauribidanur Nagaragere is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gauribidanur taluk of Chikkaballapura district in Karnataka. It is situated 26 km away from sub-district headquarter Gauribidanur and 49 km away from district headquarter Chikkaballapura. Demographics According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Nagaragere village is 623280.. Nagaragere village is also a gram panchayat. Villages comes under Nagaragere gram Panchayat are Thayanahalli, Najaiahgarlahalli, Nagaragere, Mottavalahalli, Mallenahalli, Kamthrlahalli and Bandrahalli. The total geographical area of village is 898.87 hectares. Nagaragere has a total population of 4,776 peoples with 2,415 males and 2,361 females. There are about 1090 houses in Nagaragere village. Hindupuram is nearest town to Nagaragere which is approximately 20 km away. Economy Agriculture the main occupation of Nagaragere people. Since there is no direct water source available in this region, farmers are mostly dependent on rainfall. Dairy is the backbone of people's economy. Facilities Nagaragere has below types of facilities. Government higher primary School Government high School SREE Pu College (Arts and Commerce) Nagaragere KMF (Karnataka Milk Federation) Dairy Government Grocery store Nagaragere Gram Panchayat Office Government Primary hospital Hospital Pragathi Krishna Gramina Bank (PKGB0011201) Temples Kodilingeshwara Temple Kadiri Narashima Swamy Shree Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari Temple Chowdeshwari Temple Nagaragere Church of Christ Sree Eswara Temple References External links https://chikkaballapur.nic.in/en/ Category:Villages in Chikkaballapur district	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2019 U-18 Baseball World Cup The 2019 U-18 Baseball World Cup or the XXVIV U-18 Baseball World Cup is an international baseball tournament being held by the World Baseball Softball Confederation for players 18-year-old and younger. The 2019 edition is being held in Gijang, South Korea from August 30 to September 8, 2019. Format First Round: The twelve participating nations were drawn into two groups of 6, in which single round robin will occur. The top 3 nations from each group advances to the Super Round, while the bottom 3 nations from each group advance to the Consolation Round. Consolation Round: The 6 nations in this round play one game against the teams they have not played yet. (example: The 4th placed team from Group A will play the bottom three teams from Group B) Super Round: The format in the Super Round is similar to that of the Consolation Round. Each team plays the top three teams from the opposing group. (example: The 1st placed team from Group B will play the top three teams from Group A) The standings for this round will include the 2 games played against the 2 other Second Round qualifiers from the team's First Round group, and the 3 games played in the Second Round, for a total of 5 games. The 3rd and 4th place finishers advance to the Bronze Medal Game, and the 1st and 2nd place finishers advance to the Gold Medal Game. Finals: The Finals consist of the Bronze Medal Game, contested by the 3rd and 4th place finishers, and the Gold Medal Game, contested by the 1st and 2nd place finishers. Teams The following 12 teams qualified for the tournament. The number shown in parenthesis is the country's position in the WBSC World Rankings going into the competition. Chinese Taipei is the official WBSC designation for the team representing the state officially referred to as the Republic of China, more commonly known as Taiwan. (See also political status of Taiwan for details.) Round 1 Group A Standings \|} Group B Standings \|} Super round \|} Consolation round \|} Finals Third place game \|} Championship \|} Final standings U-18 All-World Team Statistics leaders Batting * Minimum 2.7 plate appearances per game Pitching * Minimum 0.8 innings pitched per game ** They are tied with others with a 0.00 ERA but they pitched the most innings (10.0) External links Event Official Website at WBSC Category:U-18 Baseball World Cup World Junior Baseball Championship Baseball U-18 World Cup Baseball U-18 World Cup Category:September 2019 sports events in South Korea	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wilkins Highway The Wilkins Highway is an east–west route across the Mid North region of South Australia. It runs from the Augusta Highway south of Port Pirie east to the Barrier Highway, at the town of Hallett near where Sir Hubert Wilkins was born. Major intersections References Category:Highways in South Australia Category:Mid North (South Australia)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
NGC 263 NGC 263 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1886 by Francis Leavenworth. References External links 0263 Category:Cetus (constellation) Category:Spiral galaxies 002856	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tom Sundby Tom Sundby (born 15 December 1960) is a Norwegian footballer. A midfielder who scored 6 goals in 39 caps for the national team, he participated in the 1984 Summer Olympics. Born in Larvik Sundby followed in the footsteps of his father, Reidar Sundby, and began playing football in Larvik Turn. In 1981, he went to Lyn, and was brought to Lillestrøm two seasons later as a replacement for Tom Lund, whom they lost to retirement. Sundby won the league title with Lillestrøm in 1986, and went to play abroad in Heracles. He also played for three seasons with Iraklis F.C. in the Greek Super League. During a 1988 international against Scotland Sundby was seriously injured by a tackle from Steve Nicol. Due to the injury, Sundby was sidelined for two years, effectively ruining his professional career. In 1990, he did a comeback at Lyn, where he played for three seasons, finishing his career as one of the best players of the Norwegian league. References External links Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:People from Larvik Category:Norwegian footballers Category:Norway international footballers Category:Larvik Turn players Category:Lyn Fotball players Category:Lillestrøm SK players Category:Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C. players Category:Eliteserien players Category:Olympic footballers of Norway Category:Footballers at the 1984 Summer Olympics Category:Expatriate footballers in Greece Category:Norwegian expatriate footballers Category:Association football midfielders	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Happening (song) "The Happening" is a 1967 song recorded by Motown artists The Supremes. The song served as the theme song of the 1967 Columbia Pictures film The Happening, and was released as a single by Motown at the time of the film's release that spring. While the movie flopped, the song peaked at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart in May, becoming The Supremes' tenth number-one single in the United States, peaking in the top 10 on the UK Pop Chart at number six, and in the top 5 in the Australian Pop Chart and in the Dutch Pop Chart. History Produced by Brian Holland and Lamont Dozier, and written by Holland–Dozier–Holland and Frank De Vol (The Happening's musical director), "The Happening" was the final single issued by The Supremes under that name. Between the release of "The Happening" and the next Supremes single, "Reflections," the group's billing changed to Diana Ross & the Supremes, and Florence Ballard was replaced with Cindy Birdsong of Patti LaBelle & the Blue Belles. It was widely believed the instrumental track was recorded in Los Angeles using members of the Wrecking Crew, particularly drummer Hal Blaine; however, Motown session logs indicate both the track used in the film recorded in February 1967 and the single version recorded in March 1967 were cut in Detroit using the Funk Brothers. Ballard's final of the 17 appearances The Supremes made on the hit CBS variety television program The Ed Sullivan Show was on an episode where she performed this song live from Expo 67 in Montréal on Sunday, May 7, 1967, going to number-one the same week. The selection's lyrics do not specify exactly what "the happening" is, but they do imply that it is negative and that it leaves the individual narrating the selection in worse shape, in a likewise unspecified way, than before it "just happened." They also warn that as "it" has happened to that individual, so too can "it" happen to others. Personnel Lead vocals by Diana Ross Background vocals by Florence Ballard and Mary Wilson Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers James Jamerson – bass Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Other versions "The Happening" was an instrumental hit for Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass in 1967 making number 32 on the Billboard chart. See also List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1967 (U.S.) References External links List of cover versions of "The Happening" at SecondHandSongs.com Category:1967 singles Category:Theme music Category:The Supremes songs Category:Herb Alpert songs Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles Category:Songs written by Holland–Dozier–Holland Category:Motown singles Category:1967 songs Category:Song recordings produced by Lamont Dozier Category:Song recordings produced by Brian Holland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nazif Memedi Nazif Memedi (born 6 January 1956) is a Croatian politician of Romani ethnicity. He was born in Pršovci (Tetovo Municipality) North Macedonia. He had graduated from a secondary school for agricultural machine mechanics. In the Croatian parliamentary elections of 2007 he was elected to the Croatian Sabor. He is the first person of Roma ethnicity to become a member of the parliament. External links Profile at the Croatian Sabor website Category:Representatives in the modern Croatian Parliament Category:Living people Category:1956 births Category:Croatian Romani people Category:Macedonian emigrants to Croatia Category:Croatian people of Macedonian descent	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
United Nations Stakes top three finishers This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the United Nations Stakes, an American Grade 1 race for three-year-olds at 1-1/8 miles on the turf held at Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, New Jersey. (List 1973-present) References Category:Lists of horse racing results Category:Monmouth Park Racetrack	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Romanian Rugby Federation The Romanian Rugby Federation () is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in Romania. The federation comprises 9,810 members and 124 clubs. History It was formed in 1931 and were founder members of the Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur, now known as Rugby Europe. It became affiliated to the International Rugby Football Board, now known as World Rugby, in 1987 when Romania were invited to take part in the inaugural World Cup. Octavian Morariu won the election for the presidency of the FRR, and he and his team started the reconstruction of Romanian rugby union. He left the FRR to become the President of the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee (COSR). Morariu was replaced at the helm by George Straton, one of his closest associates. The current president of FRR is Alin Petrache. See also Romania national rugby union team București Wolves External links Federația Română de Rugby – Official Site PlanetaOvala.ro - Romanian Rugby News www.rugby.ro Category:Rugby union in Romania Category:Rugby union governing bodies in Europe Rugby Category:World Rugby members Category:Sports organizations established in 1931 Category:1931 establishments in Romania	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Liming (soil) Liming is the application (to soil) of calcium- and magnesium-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, or hydrated lime. In acid soils, these materials react as a base and neutralize soil acidity. This often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, but oversupply may result in harm to plant life. The degree to which a given amount of lime per unit of soil volume will increase soil pH depends on the buffer capacity of the soil (this is generally related to soil cation exchange capacity or CEC). Soils with low CEC will usually show a more marked pH increase than soils with high CEC. But the low-CEC soils will witness more rapid leaching of the added bases, and so will see a quicker return to original acidity unless additional liming is done. Over-liming is most likely to occur on soil which has low CEC, such as sand which is deficient in buffering agents such as organic matter and clay. Most acid soils are saturated with aluminium rather than hydrogen ions. The acidity of the soil is therefore a result of hydrolysis of aluminium. This concept of "corrected lime potential" to define the degree of base saturation in soils became the basis for procedures now used in soil testing laboratories to determine the "lime requirement" of soils. An agricultural study at the Faculty of Forestry in Freising, Germany that compared tree stocks 2 and 20 years after liming found that liming promotes nitrate leaching and decreases the phosphorus content of some leaves. See also Alkali soils Soil conservation Soil pH Agricultural lime Aluminium References Further reading "A Study of the Lime Potential, R.C. Turner, Research Branch, Department Of Agriculture, 1965" Category:Edaphology Category:Soil chemistry	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1905–06 Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey season The 1905–06 Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey season was the 9th season of play for the program. Season For the fourth straight year Harvard finished undefeated, claiming the intercollegiate title. While their winning streak came to an end at 29 their intercollegiate winning streak was continued at 20 games. Harvard entered the game against Yale with both teams undefeated in conference play. Harvard scored 3 times in the first half but were equaled by the Elis in the second. Because the victory would win the IHA championship the game continued on through four scoreless sessions before Richard Townsend ended the game in the fifth 5-minute overtime. The title game possessed the most overtime periods Harvard has ever played, however, because regulation was only 40 minutes, the game time was swiftly surpassed once the college game shifted to three 20-minute periods. Roster Standings Schedule and Results \|- !colspan=12 style=";" \| Regular Season Scoring Statistics Note: Assists were not recorded as a statistic. References Category:Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey seasons Harvard Crimson Harvard Crimson Category:1906 in sports in Massachusetts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Vion, Sarthe Vion is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays-de-la-Loire in north-western France. See also Communes of the Sarthe department References INSEE Category:Communes of Sarthe	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rift Valley United F.C. Rift Valley United Football Club is an association football club based in Eldoret, Kenya. The club currently competes in the Kenyan National Super League, and was known as Hotsprings Football Club until 31 March 2014. History Stadium The club currently plays its home games at the Kipchoge Keino Stadium in Eldoret, Uasin Gishu. Current squad Current technical staff References External links Category:Kenyan National Super League clubs Category:FKF Division One clubs Category:Football clubs in Kenya	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Koforidua-Effiduase Effiduase is a town in the New Juaben Municipal District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. References See also Category:Populated places in the Eastern Region (Ghana)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram (), written in 1857 and published in 1879, was the first novel in the Tamil language. Penned by Samuel Vedanayagam Pillai (1826-1889), it was a landmark in Tamil literature, which had hitherto seen writings only in poetry. The book gave birth to a new literary genre and Tamil prose began to be recognized as an increasingly important part of the language. The author was the munsif (a 'Village President' with some judicial powers) of Mayuram (present day Mayiladuthurai near Thanjavur). Influenced by Western ideas of women's liberation and secularism, he set out to publish works that projected his ideals. His first publication was Pen Kalvi ("Female Education"), which he addressed to his daughters. After witnessing the explosion of novels in Western literature, he set out to publish his groundbreaking novel that would showcase the heroine of the novel as an equal of the hero, if not more savvy and righteous. The story revolves around the protagonist, Prathapa Mudaliar and his travails. Plot introduction The story is a loose collection of events and narratives centered on a naive but good-natured hero and his life and adventures. It begins in a typical forward caste family setting, with the young Prathapa Mudhaliar indulging in hunting and enjoying himself. The plot also introduces the heroine as a rather intelligent and morally upright girl who gets married to the hero through a myriad of events. Plot summary The novel is narrated in first person. Soon they get separated and the wife is found wandering in the forest. In order to safeguard herself, she dresses up as a man and roams through the jungle. Meanwhile, a nearby kingdom loses its heir to the throne and as per custom, requires that a new king be chosen at random by the royal elephant. The elephant wanders into the forest and decides to put the flower garland on the unsuspecting young lady. Soon, she is proclaimed the chief of the region and carried to the royal palace. The hero, meanwhile, is despondent after losing his wife and goes in search of her. En route to a city, the hero's sandals get torn, and he decides to repair them using the services of a cobbler. He promises the cobbler that if he stitches the footwear properly and the hero is satisfied, he will reward him with happiness. In a few minutes Prathapa's sandals are mended to his satisfaction and he in turn gives the cobbler one rupee (a princely amount in the era in which the novel is set). The cobbler, however, says he is not satisfied with the rupee and demands his "happiness", since that was the promise of Prathap. Perplexed at this sudden turn of events, a crowd soon gathers and no one is able to resolve the issue. Soon, the matter reaches the court of the new "King," who recognizes her husband despite his dishevelled and bewildered face. Prathap, however is unable to recognize the disguise of his wife and addresses her as the King. She decides to settle this dispute by asking the cobbler if he was happy to see the kingdom's new king. He responds positively, to which she replies that since this quarrel with the young man resulted in his visit to the new king, which ultimately made the cobbler happy, he should go back to his duties, since "happiness" was provided. The cobbler, finding that he has no other way of needlessly harassing the young hero, returns. The "King" soon reveals herself to her husband in private quarters and, after entrusting the kingdom to a young apprentice in the court, leaves the kingdom. Both return to their house and live happily ever after. Characters Prathapa Mudhaliar - protagonist of the novel Gnanambal - Prathap's wife Literary significance and criticism The idea of a novel in Tamil language was an instant hit. Though the level of literacy was still abysmal in late 19th century Tamil Nadu, sales of the book were still higher than expected. The novelty and success of this novel prompted many other writers to produce more such works. The novel was followed by Kamalambal Charitram by B. R. Rajam Iyer in 1893 and Padmavathi Charitram by A. Madhaviah in 1898, and set the trend for Tamil books. Translations The book was translated in various other languages including Dravidian languages and in English. The English translation was done by Meenakshi Tyagarajan in 2005. This also convinced many other writers in other Indian languages to write more prose-oriented books. Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram is still translated and published, with Amar Chitra Katha even creating a comic book adaptation of this novel. References External links Category:1879 novels Category:Sri Lankan novels Category:Tamil novels Category:Novels set in Tamil Nadu	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2018 World Para Athletics European Championships – Men's 200 metres The men's 200 metres at the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships was held at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark in Berlin from 20 - 26 August. Medalists See also List of IPC world records in athletics References 200 metres	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Bangladeshi films of 2014 This is the list of some Bangladeshi movies in the Bengali language, released in 2014 in Bangladesh or overseas. A few of the movies are joint ventures. Releases January–March April–June July–September October–December See also List of Bangladeshi films Dhallywood Cinema of Bangladesh References Film Bangladesh Category:Lists of Bangladeshi films by year	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Tournament (2009 film) The Tournament is a 2009 British independent action thriller film, marking the directorial debut of Scott Mann. The film was conceived by Jonathan Frank and Nick Rowntree while at the University of Teesside with Mann. The script was written by Gary Young, Jonathan Frank, and Nick Rowntree. The Tournament was partially filmed in Bulgaria, and numerous locations around Northern England (where the film is set) and Merseyside. The film stars Robert Carlyle, Ving Rhames, Kelly Hu, Sébastien Foucan, Liam Cunningham, Scott Adkins, Camilla Power and Ian Somerhalder. The film received additional funding internationally, from Sherezade Film Development, Storitel Production and others, earning the film a budget of just under £4,000,000, and the film also features a renowned international ensemble cast. However, numerous problems involving production, finance (the budget ran out twice), and securing a distributor, meant the film was not released until two years after filming, in late 2009. Plot A group of the world's wealthiest and most powerful men, who are themselves tied into law enforcement agencies and criminal underworlds alike, and who also control the international media with their billions, have devised the ultimate entertainment for themselves, simply referred to as "The Tournament", which takes place at intervals of every seven or ten years in an unspecified location, usually a large city. "Contestants" volunteer, but due to the nature of the tournament are some of the toughest or craziest individuals on the planet. They are expected to kill and only the last surviving combatant will win the cash prize of £10 million offered by William Randolph Hearst. The men and women running the tournament not only view it as entertainment, but also bet high stakes on the outcome as a huge gambling tournament, serving as the source of excitement also for the millionaires. For each tournament, combatants are selected from the world's special forces, serial killers, athletes, trained contract killers and assassins. The last combatant standing receives not only the cash prize, but also the glory and reputation of having the title of World's Number 1, and which itself carries the legendary "million-dollar-a-bullet" contract killing price tag. Each of the contestants carries a tracking device, embedded under their skin, allowing the observers to monitor their movements, and the contestants to track each other. The tournament lasts twenty-four hours, and if no one has won, then the tracking devices will explode. The mayhem which takes place is passed off as natural disasters, terrorist outrages, accidents, or put down to rampages committed by lone madmen. The unsuspecting towns where the tournament takes place are randomly selected, and the public never know of its existence. This year, the latest tournament has come to Middlesbrough, a town in the United Kingdom - the country with the most prevalent mass surveillance in the world so that the events of the tournament can be easily followed and recorded through the ever-present CCTV as well as satellite surveillance. They also jam the communications of the emergency services, completely taking over the electronic infrastructure, and the stage is set. The current Tournament becomes complex due to the actions of the organizers and competitors. Not only has Joshua Harlow, the winner of the last Tournament, been convinced to return because his wife was murdered and he's informed that the killer is in the Tournament, but another contestant, the Frenchman Anton Bogart, manages to remove his tracking chip, dropping it in a cup of coffee just in time for Father Joseph MacAvoy, a priest struggling with alcoholism and a crisis of faith, to drink it. With his only ally assassin Lai Lai Zhen, seeking to escape the game after her last kill, MacAvoy must race to survive before the timer runs down. Joshua Harlow finds out in the course of the film who murdered his wife. It was Lai Lai Zhen, who had been commissioned by the organizer, Powers, with Zhen's decision to 'retire' if she wins the Tournament due to the knowledge that Harlow's wife was the first target she had who genuinely didn't know why anyone would want her dead. Removing Zhen's tracker while the two are off-camera, Harlow confronts Powers and learns that he killed Harlow's wife to provoke Harlow to return to the Tournament, reasoning that he was the kind of man who 'should' die on the battlefield. Having received his answer, Harlow forces Zhen's tracker down Powers' throat, blowing them both up in the middle of the conference room of the watching millionaires. Lai Lai Zhen and Father MacAvoy are the only survivors of the game. At the end of the film we see that Father MacAvoy is once again working as a priest and has defeated his alcohol addiction. Cast Robert Carlyle as Father Joseph MacAvoy Kelly Hu as Lai Lai Zhen Ian Somerhalder as Miles Slade Liam Cunningham as Mr Powers Ving Rhames as Joshua Harlow Sébastien Foucan as Anton Bogart Scott Adkins as Yuri Petrov Andy Nyman as Tech Eddie Iddo Goldberg as Tech Rob Craig Conway as Steve Tomko John Lynch as Gene Walker J.J. Perry as Montoya Camilla Power as Sarah Hunter Nick Rowntree as Eddy Cusack Rachel Grant as Lina Sophia Bashar Rahal as Asaf Dustin Ingle as Bill Gaytes Eric Macharia as African Drug lord Malcolm Embree as William Randolph Hearst Production In July 2007, Entertainment Film Distributors acquired UK rights to distribute The Tournament by first-time director Scott Mann. Filming began in Bulgaria on 11 July 2007. The Tournament was also filmed in the United Kingdom in Manchester and on Teesside in the town of Middlesbrough and the surrounding area, including Newton Aycliffe and Billingham the roof top scenes are filmed in the town St.Helens. Like most independent movies, The Tournament has not been without hardship. Despite running out of money twice, once leaving the director stranded in Bulgaria, it eventually got enough funding to finish filming completely and finally complete post-production. The film has been chosen to open the Screamfest Horror Film Festival in the Mann's Chinese Theatre on 16 October 2009. Soundtrack Laura Karpman composed the musical score, with additional music by George Acogny, John Hunter and James Edward Barker. The film also contained music from: Ruth Jacott, Fabian "R-CANE" Schlosser, Kevin Hissink and El Rod. Critical reception Staci Layne Wilson, of Horror.com, gave a positive review for the film, noting that despite the plot and script lacking originality, it could be compared to films such as Smokin' Aces and The Running Man. She wrote: "[The Tournament] truly lives up to its "non-stop action" premise... ...the only other two recently released movies I can think of to top it in that arena would be the Crank films and the absolutely awesome Shoot 'Em Up." References External links Interview: Scott Mann at www.KillerFilm.com Category:British thriller films Category:British films Category:2000s action thriller films Category:English-language films Category:2009 direct-to-video films Category:British films about revenge Category:Films set in England Category:Films shot in Bulgaria Category:Films shot in Los Angeles Category:Films shot in Merseyside Category:Directorial debut films Category:Films directed by Scott Mann Category:Films about death games	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hydrolycus armatus Hydrolycus armatus is a species of dogtooth characin found in freshwater of tropical South America. It is sometimes known as the payara, a name it shares with the related H. scomberoides. This predatory fish occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade, but it requires a very large tank. In its native range it is considered a major gamefish. Distribution and habitat This species of fish is found in the Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo basins in tropical South America. They are found in several different freshwater habitats, but often in fast-flowing water. They are typically found in deeper waters during the day. The species is locally common; in a major study of a Venezuelan floodplain river, of the collected fish were H. armatus, and the species was particularly common in creeks and lagoons. At least some populations are migratory. Description H. armatus are overall silvery. In adults the base of the tail and anal fin is pale yellowish, and the distal part is blackish, contrasting with a narrow white edge at the very tip (unique among Hydrolycus species). A typically reported maximum total length of this fish is , but records show specimens up to in Venezuela and more than in Brazil. It typically weighs up to , but can reach almost . It has frequently been confused with the generally smaller H. scomberoides. H. armatus reaches maturity when at least long. Like other dogtooth characins, it has very long pointed canine teeth. In H. armatus these can surpass in length in large individuals. These are used for spearing their prey, usually other fish. References Category:Cynodontidae Category:Freshwater fish of Brazil Category:Freshwater fish of Colombia Category:Fish of Guyana Category:Fish of Venezuela Category:Fauna of the Amazon Category:Fish described in 1841	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Malcolm Ross Bow Malcolm Ross Bow (13 July 18875 July 1982) was a Canadian medical doctor and public health officer. From 1912 to 1926 Bow served as Chief Medical Officer for Regina, Saskatchewan. From 1927 to 1952 Bow served as deputy minister of health for Alberta. Born in Vernon, Ontario, Bow graduated from Queen's University with a medical degree in 1911. He became the first medical officer of the city of Regina the next year. Bow initiated a number of important public health programs in Regina. He controlled typhoid with a sanitary system of galvanized steel buckets and a specialised "honeywagon" which he helped design. Bow also instituted a child-care program which reduced the city's rate of infant mortality. Bow was also an organizer and player for the Regina Rugby Club, predecessor of the Saskatchewan Roughriders. Bow played running back and acted as secretary and treasurer for the league. In 1927 Bow moved to Edmonton to become Alberta's deputy minister of health, a position he would hold until 1952. Bow is credited with expanding health care to remote areas of the province. In 1929 Bow requested a dangerous winter flight by bush pilot Wop May to bring diphtheria vaccine to Fort Vermilion to combat an emerging outbreak. Bow was initially criticised for the "foolhardy" risk, but the delivery was successful and the pilots were greeted as national heroes on their return to Edmonton. From 1938 until 1954 Bow combined his administrative duties with teaching public health at the University of Alberta, becoming an associate professor and then professor emeritus in 1956. In 1953 Bow moved north to become Chief Medical Officer of the Yukon. Malcolm Bow and his wife Norma had two daughters and a son, diplomat Malcolm Norman Bow. Bow died in 1982 in Edmonton. Publications References Category:1887 births Category:1982 deaths Category:Canadian public health doctors Category:Queen's University alumni Category:Saskatchewan Roughriders players Category:Players of Canadian football from Ontario Category:Sportspeople from Ottawa Category:Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan Category:University of Alberta faculty	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jelgava Station Jelgava Station is a railway station on the Riga – Jelgava, Jelgava – Liepāja, Jelgava – Meitene, Tukums II – Jelgava and Jelgava – Krustpils railways. References Category:Buildings and structures in Jelgava Category:Railway stations in Latvia Category:Railway stations opened in 1868	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jon Sable Jon Sable Freelance is an American comic book series, one of the first series created for the fledgling publisher First Comics in 1983. It was written and drawn by Mike Grell and was a fully creator-owned title. Beginning in November 2007, it was published as an online comic series by ComicMix. Publication history At a convention in the late 1980s, Grell stated that his idea for Sable was heavily influenced by Ian Fleming's James Bond novels as well as drawing on pulp fiction crime stories saying "something like a cross between James Bond and Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer." Also, many of the stories of Sable's hunting exploits in Africa were influenced by Peter Hathaway Capstick's novels. Jon Sable Freelance lasted 56 issues from June 1983 to February 1988 before being cancelled. While Grell wrote and drew all the covers, his last issue of interior art was #43. Late in this run Grell announced in the comic's own text pages that Tony DeZuniga would soon join him as the new artist. Just what happened to these plans is unclear, but soon the series was suspended, and after a few months, Marv Wolfman was writing and Bill Jaaska was drawing a new series called Sable, with Grell having no part. This lasted 27 issues before cancellation. Marv Wolfman abruptly left the series after issue #23 and comic book fan Steve Kaye took over the writing chores for the final four issues. Fan favorite artist Tim Vigil provided covers for the remaining issues. A third First Comics series, Mike Grell's Sable, reprinted the first ten issues of the original Jon Sable Freelance series. There was also a tie-in miniseries featuring one of the semi-recurring characters, a thief called Maggie The Cat, at Image Comics in 1996. Only 2 issues were released and the series was never completed. In 1997 Grell announced that he would again be writing and drawing the character in a new black-and-white Jon Sable Freelance from Caliber Comics, debuting in October. However, the series never materialized. After the title's cancellation (and First's ceasing operations), the character made some cameo appearances in some of Grell's other titles over the years. He did not receive his own series again until March 2005, when IDW Publishing released the first of a new six-issue mini-series titled Jon Sable Freelance: Bloodtrail (originally announced as Jon Sable, Freelance: Conspiracy) written and drawn by Grell. IDW have also been reprinting the entire original run in a series of trade paperbacks. A new series, Jon Sable: Ashes of Eden, began publication as an online series in November 2007, and was published as a 5-issue mini-series beginning in 2009 and ending in 2010. Fictional character biography Jonathan Sable was a bounty hunter and mercenary who previously had been an athlete in the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. After witnessing the terrorist outrages at those games, he married a fellow athlete and they relocated to Rhodesia, where Sable became an organizer of safaris for tourists, and later a game warden. It was during this time his family was murdered by poachers. After avenging his slain family, Sable returned to the USA and became a freelance mercenary. He also has a double identity as a successful children's book writer under the name of "B.B. Flemm." Unlike many such characters, his literary agent is aware of his other identity's activities, but is most persuasive in enforcing his writing contract obligations as well. Collected editions The series have been collected into individual volumes by IDW Publishing: The Complete Jon Sable, Freelance (softcover): Volume 1 (collects #1-6, ) Volume 2 (collects #7-11, ) Volume 3 (collects #12-16, ) Volume 4 (collects #17-21, ) Volume 5 (collects #22-27, ) Volume 6 (collects #28-33, ) Volume 7 (collects #34-39, ) Volume 8 (collects #40-45, ) Omnibus Volume 1 (collects #1-16, ) Omnibus Volume 2 (collects #17-33, ) Jon Sable, Freelance: Bloodtrail (collects Jon Sable, Freelance: Bloodtrail #1-6, ) Jon Sable Freelance: Ashes of Eden (collects Jon Sable Freelance: Ashes of Eden #1-5, ) In other media Television The first series also spawned a short-lived 1987 ABC TV series, called Sable. Seven episodes were filmed. The aired pilot also included Lara Flynn Boyle, as a kidnap victim, in her first acting role. The TV series was notable only for its changes to the premise, and for introducing supermodel turned actress Rene Russo to audiences as one of the leads. In the TV series, instead of Sable being the public face and masquerading as a children's book author, "Nicholas Fleming" was the children's book author and Sable the mysterious masked do-gooder. Sable was wanted for murder in Africa, it was explained, and the vaguely effete Fleming persona was the only way he could live safely in Chicago. A new character for the TV series was "Cheesecake" Tyson, played by Broadway actor Ken Page as a hacker friend who inevitably supplied exposition. Novel Grell wrote a prose novel featuring the character, simply titled Sable, which was published in hardcover in 2000 and in paperback in 2001. The book was partly adapted from early issues of the comic series, with some changes in chronology. References External links Jon Sable at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Category:1983 comics debuts Category:2005 comics debuts Category:2007 comics debuts Category:2009 comics debuts Category:Comics by Marv Wolfman Category:Comics characters introduced in 1983 Category:Defunct American comics Sable, Jon Sable, Jon Category:First Comics titles Category:IDW Publishing titles Category:Comics adapted into television series	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lords of Saint-Floris List of Lords of Saint-Floris, former Flemish title, coupled to the Heerlijkheid of Sint-Floris, located in Artois. The title belonged to the Flemish House of Haveskercke. Lords of Saint-Floris Bernard van Haveskercke, Lord of Sint-Floris x Jeanne de Wissocq. Justin de Haverskerque, Lord of Saint-Floris x Marguerite de Stavele. Marguerite de Haverskerque, Lady of Saint-Floris x Henri de Nedonchel. Jean i de Nedonchel, Lord of Saint-Floris x Marie of Cunchy, lady of Quesnoy Marie de Nedonchel, Lady of Saint-Floris x Gilles de Gosson Catherine de Gosson, Lady of Saint-Floris xLouis de la Plancque, Lord of Wastinnes. Barbara de la Plancque, Lady of Saint-Floris: Married in 1570 to Charles de Ghistelles, Grand Bailiff of the City of Bruges, Governor of Mechelen. Alexander de Ghistelles, Lord of Saint-Floris xmarried in 1610 to Florence de Wissocq Adrian-François de Ghistelles, 1st Marques of Saint-Floris. See also Marquess of Saint-Floris References Category:Lords of Belgium Category:History of the Pas-de-Calais	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tancred Tancredi Tancred Tancredi (1185 – 9 September 1241), also called Tancred of Siena, was an Italian ecclesiastic, a missionary, one of the first generation of Dominican friars, and a personal friend of Dominic of Osma. He is often confused with contemporary and fellow Dominican Tancred of Bologna, since the two of them are impossible to always distinguish in the sources. Tancred has been accredited many conversions and even miracles and by some accounts is beatified. Tancred was born in Siena to wealthy parents of the Tancredi clan. They oversaw his extensive education, sending him first to the University of Bologna and thence to Paris, where he received his doctorate. He returned from Paris to Siena, where he first heard the preaching of Dominic in the Sienese cathedral. According to later reports, he had a vision of the Virgin Mary standing beside Dominic and after the sermon she approached Tancred and beseeched him to "follow that man; and do not depart from him." In the Hospital of Saint Mary Magdalene Tancred received the habit from Dominic and embarked upon a life of religion. In an early incident related by Tancred to Jordan of Saxony, Dominic was visiting the prior's church when a young relative of Stephen Orsini, Cardinal Abbot of Fossanova, was carried past in a litter after falling from a horse. According to Jordan, it was unknown if he was alive or dead, but at the insistence of Tancred, Dominic prayed to God for the boys life and he was miraculously healed. This story was amplified by later retellings. The boy is Napoleon, Stephen's nephew, and Stephen faints upon hearing the news, falling into Dominic's arms. At Tancred's urging, it is Stephen who prays to God and receives a miracle: the boy, dead is brought back to life. Tancred was probably the prior of San Sisto Vecchio in Rome until it was converted into a Dominican nunnery. He was transferred to Santa Sabina to continue serving as prior. In 1222, after the death of Dominic the previous year, Tancred left Italy for the Holy Land as the superior of a group of friars, appointed by Jordan of Saxony to establish a mission there. Tancred founded several houses in the Latin East and it is claimed that he won many converts, to Christianity and to mendicancy. Though Tancred did not remain at the head of the Dominicans in the Holy Land, he did remain there until his death in 1241. The Dominican historian and hagiographer Gregory Lombardelli, wrote the first biography of Tancred, Vita de Tancredo Tancredi. He ascribes to him several works of as yet unpublished literature: commentaries on the Scriptures and on Peter Lombard's Book of Sentences. These were probably written during the period after his return to Siena and before his entrance into the order. References O'Daniel, Victor F. (1928). "Tancred Tancredi." The First Disciples of Saint Dominic: Adapted and Enlarged from Father Anthony Touron's Histoire Abrégée des Premiers Disciples de saint Dominique. Somerset, Ohio: The Rosary Press. Jordan of Saxony (1964). The Libellus of Jordan of Saxony, trans. by Francis C. Lehner from H. C. Scheeben in Monumenta Ordinis Fratrum Praedicatorum Historica, XVI, 25–88. Washington, D.C.: The Thomist Press. Category:1185 births Category:1241 deaths Category:People from Siena Category:Italian Dominicans Category:Italian Roman Catholic missionaries Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in Palestine (region)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Data center management Data center management is the collection of tasks performed by those responsible for managing ongoing operation of a data center This includes Business service management and planning for the future. Historically, data center management was seen as something performed by employees, with the help of tools collectively called Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) tools. Now an outsourcing option exists: Data Center Management As A Service - . Both for in-house operation and outsourcing, Service-level agreements must be managed to ensure data-availability. Coopetition Data center management is a growing major topic for a growing list of large companies who both compete and cooperate, including: Dell, Google, HP, IBM, Intel and Yahoo. Hardware/software vendors who are willing to live with coopetition are working on projects such as "The Distributed Management Task Force" (DMTF) with a goal of learning to "more effectively manage mixed Linux, Windows and cloud environments." With the DMTF a decade old, the list of companies is growing, and also includes companies much smaller than IBM, Microsoft, et al. Focus Among the topics currently being explored are: scalability, securing data center networks, disaster recovery, government restrictions.. Another major area is the cost of downtime regarding customer dissatisfaction & business loss, and also the "astonishing" yet hidden cost and effect regarding personnel & productivity. Business-service management Business-service management (BSM) treats IT as part of the larger enterprise strategy, and helps fill the gap between Business & IT. IBM notes that major problems often happen in the grey areas, particularly due to errors in the interfaces, and focuses on critical failures. Sufficient redundancy should allow failures in non-critical areas to protect the business from being affected. BSM, which is positioned above IT Service Management (ITSM), promotes a customer-centric and business-focused approach to service management, aligning business objectives with IT or ICT from strategy through to operations. Tools that help BSM include a modeling language, and a common dashboard, which together allow data center personnel to see problems before business customers do. Newer developments Remote Data Center Management allows offsite experts to watch for situations needing their timely intervention at a lower cost than having such staff be onsite 24/7/365. While some requirements for on-site hardware have been reduced, spending in other hardware areas such as UPS may have to increase. Data center asset management Data center asset management (also referred to as inventory management) is the set of business practices that join financial, contractual and inventory functions to support life cycle management and strategic decision making for the IT environment. Assets include all elements of software and hardware that are found in the business environment. IT asset management generally uses automation to manage the discovery of assets so inventory can be compared to license entitlements. Full business management of IT assets requires a repository of multiple types of information about the asset, as well as integration with other systems such as supply chain, help desk, procurement and HR systems and ITSM. Hardware Asset Management Hardware asset management entails the management of the physical components of computers and computer networks, from acquisition through disposal. Common business practices include request and approval process, procurement management, life cycle management, redeployment and disposal management. A key component is capturing the financial information about the hardware life cycle which aids the organization in making business decisions based on meaningful and measurable financial objectives. Software Asset Management Software Asset Management is a similar process, focusing on software assets, including licenses. Standards for this aspect of data center management are part of ISO/IEC 19770. Data center infrastructure management Data center-infrastructure management (DCIM) is the integration of information technology (IT) and facility management disciplines to centralize monitoring, management and intelligent capacity planning of a data center's critical systems. Achieved through the implementation of specialized software, hardware and sensors, DCIM enables common, real-time monitoring and management platform for all interdependent systems across IT and facility infrastructures. DCIM products can help data center managers identify and eliminate sources of risk and improve availability of critical IT systems. They can also be used to identify interdependencies between facility and IT infrastructures to alert the facility manager to gaps in system redundancy, and provide dynamic, holistic benchmarks on power consumption and efficiency to measure the effectiveness of "green IT" initiatives. Important data center metrics include those regarding energy efficiency and utilization of servers, storage, and staff. In too many cases, disc capacity is vastly under-utilized and servers run at 20% utilization or less. More effective automation tools can also improve the number of servers or virtual machines that a single admin can handle. DCIM providers are increasingly linking with computational fluid dynamics providers to predict complex airflow patterns in the data center. The CFD component is necessary to quantify the impact of planned future changes on cooling resilience, capacity and efficiency. Information technology operations, or IT operations, are the set of all processes and services that are both provisioned by an IT staff to their internal or external clients and used by themselves, to run themselves as a business. The term refers to the application of operations management to a business's technology needs. Operations work can include responding to tickets generated for maintenance work or customer issues. Some operations teams rely on on-call responses to incidents during off-hours periods. As lights out operations increased, less of the staff are located near corporate headquarters. Gartner defines IT operations as "the people and management processes associated with IT service management to deliver the right set of services at the right quality and at competitive costs for customers." Technical support Corporate help desks often arrange their technical support structure as a three-tier (plus two) system: Tier 1: Basic help desk - initial point of contact, including software opening a trouble ticket. Information available to its personnel include FAQ and a basic knowledge base. Tier 2: In-depth technical support Tier 3: Expert product and service support. The extra tiers are: Tier 0: Self help (i.e. by the end user) Tier 4: Outside support for "items not directly serviced by the organization" Access to varying levels of support for products and services to in-house employees and corporate customers, providing information and troubleshooting is via various channels such as toll-free numbers, websites, instant messaging, or email. Help desk professionalism An ITIL-compliant help desk is usually a part of a bigger Service desk unit, which is part of ITSM As the incoming phone calls are random in nature, help desk agent schedules are often maintained using an Erlang C calculation. Companies with custom application software may also have an applications team who are responsible for the development of in-house software. The help desk may assign to the applications team such problems as finding software bugs. Requests for new features or information about the capabilities of in-house software that come through the help desk are also assigned to applications groups. The help desk staff and supporting IT staff may not all work from the same location. With remote access applications, technicians are able to solve many help desk issues from another work location or their home office. While there is still a need for on-site support to effectively collaborate on some issues, remote support provides greater flexibility. Technical support (often shortened to tech support) refers to services. Some fee-based service companies charge for premium technical support services. Some companies and organizations provide discussion boards for users of their products to interact; such forums allow companies to reduce their support costs without losing the benefit of customer feedback. Outsourcing technical support Many organizations relocated their technical support departments or call centers to countries or regions with lower costs. Dell was amongst the first companies to outsource their technical support and customer service departments to India in 2001, but then reshored. There has also been a growth in companies specializing in providing technical support to other organizations. These are often referred to as MSPs (Managed Service Providers). For businesses needing to provide technical support, outsourcing allows them to maintain a high availability of service. Such need may result from peaks in call volumes during the day, periods of high activity due to introduction of new products or maintenance service packs, or the requirement to provide customers with a high level of service at a low cost to the business. It allows businesses to utilize specialized personnel whose technical knowledge base and experience may exceed the scope of the business, thus providing a higher level of technical support to their employees. Scams A common scam typically involves a cold caller claiming to be from a technical support department of a company like Microsoft. Such cold calls are often made from call centers based in India to users in English-speaking countries, although increasingly these scams operate within the same country. The scammer will instruct the user to download a remote desktop program and once connected, use social engineering techniques that typically involve Windows components to persuade the victim that they need to pay in order for the computer to be fixed and then proceeds to steal money from the victim's credit card. Preventive maintenance Preventive maintenance (or preventative maintenance (PM)) is ongoing scheduled inspection intended to detect and correct incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major problems such as downtime. Managing the capacity of a data center With the increasing use of "the cloud" and what has been called "the Era of Infinite Capacity", there is still a need for professional Data Center Capacity Planners. There is a need to know what will be needed, and when. Data must continually be collected regarding usage of power/energy, computing power, data storage and networking/telecommunications. Plans must include awareness of cooling and space requirements. Sometimes analysis of this data, and comparison to industry norms, can be outsourced. The balance for the need to focus more on data collection or analysis depends on current utilization levels: prior to 50%, the focus can stay more on data collection. Beyond 75%, the focus must shift to analysis, in preparation for upgrades, replacements and expansions. The data center is a resource in its own right. Top data centers and service providers According to Cloudscene's Leaderboard for Q1 2018, data center operators are ranked “based on both data center density (total operated data centers)", as well as "the number of listed service providers in the facility". Cloud service providers are ranked based on "connectivity (the total number of PoPs) for the region.” Chosen from a pool of more than 6,000 providers, the rankings are as follows: Q1, 2018 Top Data Center Operators Worldwide Q1, 2018 Top Service Providers Worldwide Data Centre Transformation Market Global Data Centre Transformation Market is expected to reach USD 15.92 billion by 2025, from USD 5.86 billion in 2017 growing at a CAGR of 13.2% during the forecast period to 2026 and, service providers like NTT Communications, Dell EMC, ATOS, Schneider Electric, HCL Technologies, Tech Mahindra, Mindteck, Inknowtech, Performance Technologies, Rahi Systems, Greenpages, General Datatech, Dyntek, Bytes Technology Group, Softchoice, Insight Enterprises are the major players in the market. See also Application performance management Business process management Business transaction management Business transaction performance Call center Configuration management database Data center environmental control ISO/IEC 19770 License manager Network administrator Service-level agreement Software licensing audit Team service management Comparison of issue-tracking systems Comparison of help desk issue tracking software Customer service Support automation Technical support Call board Help desk software Configuration management database IT service management IT governance References External links ITOperationsAnalytics.net: What is IT Operations Category:Asset management Category:Cloud storage Category:Computer data storage * Category:Data management Category:Information technology management Category:Workflow technology	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Actual silver weight Actual silver weight, usually abbreviated ASW, refers to the weight of pure silver contained in a coin, measured in troy ounces. Coin collectors, individuals who invest in bullion coins, and others often refer to books or online reference websites to determine the intrinsic value of a silver coin. Such resources list various coins with their associated ASW. When one knows the actual silver weight of a coin, one can then multiply that number by the spot price of silver to determine the melt value of a silver coin. How to calculate a coin's actual silver weight (ASW) Determine the coin's weight in grams by consulting a coin collecting book or online guide or by weighing the coin yourself with a precision scale, i.e., a scale made to weigh coins or jewelry. Determine the coin's fineness, which is given as a percentage of silver in the coin, by consulting a coin collecting book or Internet guide. Multiply the coin's total weight times the fineness (expressed as a decimal). This product is the amount of pure silver in the coin expressed in metric units (grams). Multiply that number times (3.21 one-hundredths of a troy ounce), which is the weight of one gram expressed in troy ounces, i.e., = . This product is the amount of pure silver in the coin expressed in troy units. How to calculate the current intrinsic value of a silver coin The intrinsic value (also known as melt value) of a silver coin can be determined by multiplying the ASW (actual silver weight) for the coin times the current spot price of silver. Note that silver prices vary daily, therefore one must consult a bank or an online source for the current spot price. Example The composition of Roosevelt dimes from 1946-1964 was 90% silver and 10% copper, and the coin weighs 2.50 grams. Following the steps listed above, the ASW calculation proceeds as follows: Determine the coin's weight in grams: Determine the fineness: 0.900 Multiply the coin's total weight times the fineness: × 0.900 = Multiply that number times 0.0321507, which is the troy ounce equivalent for one gram: 0.0321507 × 2.25 = Thus, a general circulation Roosevelt dime minted before 1965 has an actual silver weight (ASW) of 0.072339075 troy ounce. If the spot price of silver was $15.00 per troy ounce, the intrinsic value of a pre-1965 Roosevelt dime would be: 0.072339075 × 15.00 = $1.085086125 ≈ $1.09. (Note that coin stores, pawn shops, and bullion retailers will not necessarily purchase coins from consumers at the intrinsic value because of the costs involved with selling such coins to companies that melt the coins, separate the constituent metals, and prepare the silver for resale.) References Category:Silver	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
William A. Tateum William A. Tateum was a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1893 through 1894. For his one term, he served as Speaker of the House, during the 37th Legislature. Early years Born in Worcester County, Massachusetts, Tateum graduated from Wesleyan University in Connecticut. Career He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar before moving to Michigan. Tateum was elected to the Grand Rapids City Council (then called the board of aldermen) in 1891 before his election to the House in 1892. Death Tateum died on May 15, 1957, aged 97. References Category:1859 births Category:1957 deaths Category:People from Worcester County, Massachusetts Category:Politicians from Grand Rapids, Michigan Category:Wesleyan University alumni Category:Massachusetts lawyers Category:Michigan lawyers Category:Michigan city council members Category:Members of the Michigan House of Representatives Category:Speakers of the Michigan House of Representatives	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Myōkō, Niigata (village) was a village located in Nakakubiki District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 4,918 and a density of 34.92 persons per km². The total area was 140.82 km². On April 1, 2005, Myōkō, along with the town of Myōkōkōgen (also from Nakakubiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Arai. Arai changed its name to Myōkō City at the same time. Category:Dissolved municipalities of Niigata Prefecture Category:Myōkō, Niigata	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Palamaneri Pazhamarneri (Palamaneri) is a small village situated on the South bank of the River Kaveri. It is located 30 km northwest of Thanjavur and 32 km northeast of Trichy. It is 2.5 km from Thirukattupalli. History Even though it is a small village, the name of this village along with surrounding villages is mentioned in historical books since the Chola Period. Subsequent generations settled in adjoining villages along as well as across the Kaveri. These villages include Nemam, Kuthur, Pachambettai (near Lalgudi) and Onbathhuveli (near Thirukattupalli ). The Flood during 1961 ruined the eastern part of this village and it was renovated again. Notable residents Sir P. S. Sivaswami Iyer, a great Philanthropist who established a high School in Tirukkattupalli and a Girls High School in Mylapore, Chennai belongs to this village. P.S.Sundaram , educationist and recipient of award from the Government of Tamil Nadu for his translation of Tirukkural, Bharati's Poems etc. into English also hails from this village. High Court Judge Justice Mr P.N,Ramasami Iyer and Tamil writer Sri. Balakumaran hails from this village. Shri Krishnan Raman Brahmarayar, Defense Minister of Rajaraja Chola was from this village. Even though he is Saivite by birth, he followed Vaishnavism through his lifetime. His son Arun Mozhi Bhattan served the ministry of Rajendra Chola I during the Chola Period. The descendants of their family were then called as Pazhamarneri Brahmarayas and commonly constitute the Palamaneri Brahatcharanam of the Iyer community. They live in huge houses with areas more than in size. Their basic occupation is the supervision of agricultural lands. Until the 1970s most of them possessed a good area of land. However, due to change in the political scenario in Tamil Nadu they fled to major cities, but some continued residing here thriving on agriculture based business. Pazhamarneri (Palamaneri) is a small village situated on the South bank of the River Kaveri. It is located 30 km northwest of Thanjavur and 32 km northeast of Trichy. It is 2.5 km from Thirukattupalli. Even though it is a small village, the name of this village along with surrounding villages is mentioned in historical books since the Chola Period.Kulothunga CholaI created this village in memory of his wife Dhina Chinthamani and gave it to Brahmins as Brahma Desam Dhina means Surya the deity of Cholas. It once called as Dhina Chinthamani Chatur Vedi Mangalam. During the period of Mutharaiyas it was in the control of the king Perumbidugu Suvaran Maran and at that time called as Palamarnery.As one Maraneri is adjacent to this village it is called as Palamarnery in the meaning as "Old One" Several musicians hailed from this village. Direct disciples of Thyagarja the saint Composer of Thiruvaiyaru hailed from Palamarneri. Violinist Subramania Iyer, Sangeetha Kalanidhi Swaminatha Iyer also hailed from this place. N. Kesi, a Flautist of repute, who was the youngest musician of her days to cut a gramophone record (when gramophones were hand wound for playing). Her disciple, flautist G.Sridhar, who is also the great grandson Sangeetha Kalanidhi Swaminatha Iyer, also hails from this village. Popular Carnatic and South Indian playback singer Mahathi also hails from this village. Religion The Grama Deivam (Village Deity who is believed to protect the residents of the village) is "Alankariamman". There is a temple with regular rituals even today for Alankariamman. As well there is a famous Siva temple in this village that attracts many visitors during festival days such as Arudhra Dharsanam, Sivarathri. There is also a VenugopalaSwami temple in the same village. There is also a Bala Hanuman Temple on the banks of the River Cauvery. This road on the banks of the River Cauvery leading from the place Thirukattupplli to Kallanai dam, has been referred to in the famous historical novel "Ponniyin Selvan" written by amarar Kalki References Category:Villages in Thanjavur district	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Asset and Content Management Asset and Content Management may refer to: Asset management Content management	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mr. Bricolage Mr. Bricolage is a French retail chain offering home improvement and do-it-yourself goods. The company has around 80 shops and 435 franchise stores across France and also has operations across numerous European countries, as well as in South America and North Africa. History Mr Bricolage was founded in the early 1964 as the Action Nationale des Promoteurs du Faite-le-vous-même (ANPF), the direct French translation of `do-it-yourself' by the Tabur family who were keen to promote the fast-growing new hobby of DIY. Originally, each store had its own name. In 1980, all the stores were united under a single brand: Mr. Bricolage. The ANPF was a cooperative organization that, as a holding company, converted its status in 1995 to that of a limited liability company in order to be able to raise outside capital. The company floated in 2000 on the Euronext Paris. Shareholding 65.2% - Action Nationale des Promoteurs du Faite-le-vous-même (ANPF) 25.8% - Tabur family International Presence The chain operates over 500 stores in these countries: France French Polynesia Serbia Bulgaria 11 stores Spain Andorra Belgium Argentina Uruguay (closed all locales in 2017) Morocco Madagascar Mauritius Turkey Macedonia Cyprus Côte d'Ivoire Recent news In March 2015, a protracted buy-out of Mr Bricolage by the home improvement retailer Kingfisher plc for an estimated fee of €275 million ran into difficulties when Mr Bricolage’s board and its biggest shareholder – ANPF - voiced reservations over the proposed deal. In February 2015, the firm announced its revenue for the fourth quarter totalled €123.5 million, putting its financial year revenue at €544 million. References External links Official website Category:Hardware stores Category:Retail companies established in 1964 Category:Retail companies of France Category:Retail companies of Romania	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
National Register of Historic Places listings in Fisher County, Texas This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fisher County, Texas. This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Fisher County, Texas. There is one property listed on the National Register in the county. Current listings \|} See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Fisher County References Category:Fisher County, Texas Fisher County Category:Buildings and structures in Fisher County, Texas *	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Milk of the Moon Milk of the Moon is an album by American folk singer/guitarist Greg Brown, released in 2002. It peaked at #48 on the 2002 Billboard Top Independent Albums charts. Reception Writing for Allmusic, music critic Chris Nickson highly praised Brown and wrote of the album "Brown doesn't so much tell stories as suggest them, letting them work their way into the imagination. And in that way, he's a master, an American icon." David Cantwell of No Depression wrote the album "finds Brown further developing his art in a rare but welcome direction... Brown’s rugged and arresting baritone, his every careful word, matters all the more." Music critic Nicole Solis wrote for Acoustic Guitar "Brown considers his role as a musician to bring people together, and his evocative songs explore the range of emotion found in human interaction. He lovingly recounts tales of loneliness, memories of a father and son, and true love, then lays bare the earthy and occasionally darker side of relationships." John Kreicbergs of Popmatters wrote "Brown’s gift for weaving delicate melodies and biting lyrics with his characteristically rich baritone has never sounded better..." Track listing All songs by Greg Brown. "Lull It By" – 4:04 "A Little Excited" – 3:10 "Let Me Be Your Gigolo" – 4:00 "Smell of Coffee" – 3:53 "Milk of the Moon" – 5:49 "Mud" – 3:59 "Ashamed of Our Love" – 3:33 "Steady Love" – 4:40 "The Moon Is Nearly Full" – 5:29 "Telling Stories" – 4:20 "Never So Far" – 4:56 "Oh You" –3:50 Personnel Greg Brown – vocals, guitar, baritone guitar Pete Heitzman – guitar, slide guitar, baritone guitar Jimmy Johns – drums Karen Savoca – percussion, Clavinet, background vocals Tom "T-Bone" Wolk – organ, accordion, bass, upright bass References Category:Greg Brown (folk musician) albums Category:2002 albums Category:Red House Records albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Glassy Mountain Glassy Mountain may refer to: Glassy Mountain (South Carolina), a mountain near Pickens, South Carolina Glassy Mountain (Georgia), a mountain in Chattahoochee National Forest, Georgia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Raleigh Gilbert Walter Raleigh Willock Gilbert, known as Raleigh Gilbert (28 February 1936 – c. February 1998) was a British horse racing commentator active for 40 years. Early life Born in Devon and educated at Sherborne School, Gilbert rode as an amateur while living in Kenya in the mid-1950s, and began his journalistic career as racing correspondent for the East African Field and Farm in 1956 before returning to Britain and writing for the Sunday Post in Scotland. Commentary career Gilbert began his career as a racecourse commentator in 1958, and eventually became the first person to commentate at every racecourse in the UK. In the early 1970s he worked briefly for the BBC, commentating on the 1971 Grand National for BBC Television, but the dominance of Peter O'Sullevan and Julian Wilson on TV and Peter Bromley and Michael Seth-Smith on radio blocked his way, and in January 1972 he joined ITV as a commentator. From that year until the end of 1980 he was one of the commercial channel's two main commentators, along with John Penney - both were heard almost every Saturday on The ITV Seven (part of World of Sport) because ITV habitually covered two meetings every week. Although he never covered The Derby or Oaks for ITV (these were always the province of Penney), he commentated on many other major races, including the 1,000 Guineas, 2,000 Guineas, St. Leger, Irish Derby, Irish Oaks and Eclipse Stakes. He also covered greyhound racing and polo for ITV, and continued to give racecourse commentaries on meetings not covered by ITV, such as Royal Ascot and the Cheltenham Festival. In common with a number of other racecallers, he provided radio voice-overs and mock commentaries for fictional television series. From the beginning of 1981 onwards, Graham Goode became ITV's number one commentator, and Gilbert now covered fewer major races. His TV work declined further when the number of meetings covered by commercial television declined considerably from January 1986 onwards, but he was still heard quite often on ITV and later Channel 4 through the late 1980s and early 1990s, often commentating on the earlier stages of major races at Newmarket where two commentators were deemed necessary. His course commentaries continued, and he was a founder commentator with SIS in 1987, covering the Chester Cup on the day the service (which provided betting shops with live pictures of races) began. His final broadcast on Channel 4 was in January 1996 - at the end of his involvement with the channel he was only used as a betting and results reader. However, he continued as a racecourse commentator (also heard on SIS and The Racing Channel) though he was due to soon retire at the time of his death. A week before he was found dead in his flat in London, he had missed a commentating assignment (at Wolverhampton on 21 February) for the first time in his career. References External links Category:1936 births Category:1998 deaths Category:People from Devon Category:People educated at Sherborne School Category:British horse racing writers and broadcasters	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Charles Aloysius Hedekin Charles Aloysius Hedekin (December 9, 1865 – January 30, 1944) was a United States Army Cavalry officer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He served in numerous locations and incidents. Biography Hedekin was born on December 9, 1865, in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1888. Hedekin was commissioned into the 3rd Cavalry Regiment. He did frontier duty from his commissioning in 1888 to 1895. He went on detached service with the Intercontinental Railway Commission from March 1891 to May 1892, something which took him through Central America. Hedekin served along the border with Mexico during the Garza Revolution. After serving at the Jefferson Barracks Military Post for three years, he was stationed at Fort Ethan Allen, Fort Sheridan, and Fort Myer. Hedekin was sent to the Philippines, serving there for two years and returning in 1902. He then was sent to Fort Apache, Arizona. He served again in the Philippines from 1906 to 1908 at Fort Stotsenburg. After returning, Hedekin's regiment was stationed at Fort Sam Houston and Fort Clark, Texas. On his promotion to the rank of major on September 3, 1911, Hedekin was transferred to the 15th Cavalry Regiment, commanding the Second Squadron. He completed a special field officers course at Fort Leavenworth, and then he graduated from the Mounted Service School at Fort Riley. He then graduated from the United States Army War College in 1912. Hedekin was stationed with the Militia Division of the United States Department of War, and he rescued stranded American tourists in Europe from August to October 1914. He went with the 4th Cavalry Regiment to the Schofield Barracks in 1916, and he assumed command of the 13th Cavalry Regiment in Fort Riley in July 1917. Hedekin took the regiment to the border with Mexico, though he was personally recalled to Washington shortly afterward. Hedekin was promoted to brigadier general on June 26, 1918. He commanded the 155th Depot Brigade along with replacements at Camp Lee. He then commanded the 15th Cavalry Regiment in October 1919, and then the 7th Cavalry Regiment at Fort Bliss. Hedekin retired on August 5, 1920. In retirement, Hedekin and his family moved to Bethesda, Maryland, living there for seven years. They sold their house in 1930 to go on an extended vacation in Europe, though they had to return to the U.S. in 1931 because hedekin became ill. He was admitted to Walter Reed Army Medical Center for four months, and he and his family left again for Europe afterward, staying until October 1933. Hedekin died in Washington, D.C., on January 30, 1944. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. References Bibliography Category:1865 births Category:1944 deaths Category:People from Fort Wayne, Indiana Category:People from Bethesda, Maryland Category:United States Army generals Category:United States Army generals of World War I Category:United States Military Academy alumni Category:United States Army War College alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Richard Churcher Richard Churcher (1659–1723) was a wealthy English businessman and philanthropist, who made his fortune through interests in the British East India Company. He founded a school in Hampshire. Life Churcher was born in Funtington, West Sussex and is buried there. He was apprenticed (1675–82) to John Jacob, an eminent citizen and barber-surgeon of London. Subsequently he joined the East India Company and went to India. He founded Churcher's College in Petersfield, Hampshire. His will, dated 1722, decreed that the College was to educate "10 or 12 local boys from Petersfield, of any age from 9 to 14, in the arts of writing, arithmetic, mathematics and navigation so they could be apprenticed to masters of ships sailing in the East Indies". References Attribution Category:1659 births Category:1723 deaths Category:British philanthropists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rosa chinensis Rosa chinensis (), known commonly as the China rose or Chinese rose, is a member of the genus Rosa native to Southwest China in Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces. The first publication of Rosa chinensis was in 1768 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Observationum Botanicarum, 3, p. 7, p. 55. Description It is a shrub that reaches 1–2 m and grows in hedges or forms thickets. The leaves are pinnate, have 3–5 leaflets, each leaflet 2.5–6 cm long and 1–3 cm broad. In the wild species (sometimes listed as Rosa chinensis var. spontanea), the flowers have five pink to red petals. The fruit is a red hip 1–2 cm diameter. The strong, stalk-round branches have an almost bare, purplish-brown bark and there may be many to no curved, stocky, flat spines. The alternately arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade and a total of 5 to 11 inches long. The petiole and the rhachis are sparsely spiked and glandular-fluffy hairy. The pinnate leaf blades usually have three or five, rarely seven pinna leaflet. The leaflets are at a length of 2.5 to 6 centimeters and a width of 1 to 3 centimeters wide ovate or ovate-oblong with weak-rounded or broad-wedge-shaped base, more or less long tapered upper end and sharply sawn edge. The leaf top is shiny dark green and leaves are almost bare. The stipulesare fused with the petiole on most of their length. The free area of the stipules is rooted, having entire margins with pointed upper end and often glandular-fluffy hairy. Inflorescence The flowering time ranges in China from April to September. Rarely, the flowers are solitary, usually four or five bundles together. The 2.5 to 6 cm long pedicel is hairy almost bald or glandular-fluffy. The one to three bare bracts are linear with a pointed upper end and smooth or glandular margin. The flowers have a mild fragrance. The hermaphrodite flowers have radial symmetry with a diameter of 4 to 5 centimeters and are divided with double perianth. There are cultivated forms with simple to more or less strongly filled flowers, which are also wild in China and other areas of temperate latitudes. The bald flower cup (hypanthium) is egg-shaped-spherical or pear-shaped. The early dropping sepals are ovate or sometimes foliage-like, simple or lobed with a dished upper end and bald on the underside and hairy on the top shaggy. The depending on the form five to several or many petals are white over pink to red or purple, obovate with a wedge-shaped base and a polished upper end. There are many stamens present. The free, hairy styluses tower over the petals and are almost as long as the stamens. In China, the rose hips ripen from June to November and turn red. The bald rose hip is egg-shaped or pear-shaped with a diameter of 1 to 2 centimeters. Cultivation Various forms of Rosa chinensis have been cultivated in gardens in China for a long time; therefore it is not easy to separate between wild forms and cultivated forms. Many varieties of garden roses have been bred from Rosa chinensis. The species is extensively cultivated as an ornamental plant, originally in China, and numerous cultivars have been selected which are known as the China roses. It has also been extensively interbred with Rosa gigantea to produce Rosa × odorata and by further hybridization the tea roses and hybrid tea roses, and is the source of the so-called "rising" varieties, that is to say, with continuous flowering, or blooming in summer. Varieties Three varieties of the species are recognized in the Flora of China: R. chinensis var. chinensis, originated in cultivation, with red petals R. chinensis var. spontanea, native to Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan, with red petals R. chinensis var. semperflorens (Curtis) Koehne, originated in cultivation, with dark red or purple petals Uses Cultivars developed from Rosa chinensis have been important in the breeding of many modern garden roses by providing the repeat-blooming characteristic, although this is not a feature of the wild species. The many forms of Rosa chinensis are also used in many other ways. The young vegetative plant parts, flower buds and flowers are brewed and eaten as a kitchen herb, for example, as a soup. From the rosehips, a thin fleshy layer that surrounds the seeds is eaten raw or cooked. The seed hair must be removed; It has to be handled very carefully. The seed hairs must not get into the mouth and throat. The seeds are a good source of vitamin E. The seeds can be ground and mixed with flour or added to other foods. See also Garden roses References Plants for a Future: Rosa chinensis chinensis Category:Flora of China Category:Flora of Asia Category:Medicinal plants Category:Ornamental plants	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
NU-Tech NU-Tech is a digital signal processing (DSP) platform to validate and real-time debug complex algorithms, simply relying on a common PC. It is based on a typical plug-in architecture and thanks to a free software development kit (SDK), the developer can write his own plug-in (aka NUTSs = NU-Tech Satellites) in C++. NUTSs are not compelled to provide a GUI. To ease the developer in quickly creating new NUTSs without having to deal with GUI programming, NU-Tech provides a window called "RealTime Watch" to be associated to each NUTS (a tab on the NU-Tech bottom Multitab pane). The developer chooses, by code, whether to "expose" some NUTSs' internal variables on this window, in order to control his plug-in. NU-Tech can connect to the external world by means of interchangeable drivers. For audio real-time applications ASIO 2.1 has been adopted in order to guarantee minimum and repeatable latencies, fully exploiting compatible sound cards hardware resources. NU-Tech is freeware for non-commercial use. Available features Audio streaming Video streaming and synchronization mechanism Virtual Studio Technology support ASIO 2.1 support DirectX support Performance_analysis information Free SDK References Papers about NU-Tech applications See also Digital audio editors Category:Acoustics software Category:Windows-only freeware	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Friedrich August von der Marwitz Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz (29 May 1777, in Berlin – 6 December 1837, in Friedersdorf) was a Prussian nobleman, officer and opponent of the Prussian reforms of Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom Stein. From Caroline Francisca (* 23. March 1783; † 28. March 1804) he received a daughter. His second wife, Charlotte née Gräfin von Moltke, (1780–1848), gave birth to nine children, one child died. They had three sons and five daughters. Their oldest daughter Karoline Franziska (* 28. February 1804; † 1888) married in 1824 Albert von Arnstedt (1794–1875), a grand son from Adam Friedrich von Arnstedt. Category:1777 births Category:1837 deaths Friedrich August Category:Prussian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Category:Lieutenant generals of Prussia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
March 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) March 3 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 5 All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 17 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar. For March 4th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 19 (February 20 on leap years). Saints Saint Julian of Alexandria, Bishop of Alexandria (189) Martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, and Quadratus, Acacius, and Stratonicus, at Ptolemais in Egypt (273) Venerable Gerasimus of Jordan (475) Saint Gregory of Constantius in Cyprus, Bishop. Saint James the Faster, of Phoenicia, Syria (6th century) Pre-Schism Western saints Saint Lucius I, succeeded St Cornelius as Pope of Rome in 253, and was at once sent into exile. Martyrs of Rome, a group of nine hundred martyrs buried in the Catacombs of Callistus on the Appian Way in Rome (260) Saint Leonard of Avranches, Bishop of Avranches (ca. 614) Saint Owen (Owin), a monk at Lastingham in England with St Chad, then settled at a monastery near Lichfield (ca. 680) Saint Basinus, monk and Abbot of St Maximin in Trier in Germany, succeeded St Numerian as bishop of the city (ca. 705) Saint Appian, a monk at the monastery of St Peter of Ciel d'Oro in Pavia, became a hermit in Comacchio and brought Christ to that region (ca. 800) Saint Adrian of May and Companions, a bishop on the Isle of May in the Firth of Forth in Scotland, martyred by the Danes together with other monks (ca. 875) Saint Felix of Rhuys, a monk at Fleury Abbey (Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire) in France (1038) Post-Schism Orthodox saints Saint Gregory, Bishop of Assos near Ephesus (1150) Venerable Gerasimus, monk of Vologda, founder of the Holy Trinity Monastery (1178) Blessed Basil (Basilko), Prince of Rostov (1238) Saints of Pskov martyred by the Latins: Saint Ioasaph of Snetogorsk Monastery, and St. Basil of Mirozh Monastery (1299) Saint Daniel of Moscow, Great Prince (1303) Saint Peter (Michurin), youth of Tobolsk (Peter of Tomsk) (1820) New martyrs and confessors New Hieromartyr Michael Kargopolov, Priest of Krasnoyarsk (1919) New Hieromartyr Dimitry Ivanov of Kiev, Archpriest (1933) New Hieromartyr Vyacheslav Leontiev of Nizhegorod, Priest (1937) New Martyr John of Al-Sindiyana, Palestine (1937) New Hieromartyr Alexander, Priest (1938) Other commemorations Translation of the relics (938) of Martyr Wenceslaus (Vaclav), Prince of the Czechs (935) Repose of Schemamonk Mark of Glinsk Hermitage (1893) Repose of Schema-Nun Agnia, Eldress of Karaganda (1976) Icon gallery Notes References Sources March 4/March 17. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU). March 17 / March 4. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow). March 4. OCA - The Lives of the Saints. The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 19. March 4. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome. The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. p. 65. Greek Sources Great Synaxaristes: 4 ΜΑΡΤΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ. Συναξαριστής. 4 Μαρτίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ). Russian Sources 17 марта (4 марта). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru). 4 марта (ст.ст.) 17 марта 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR). Category:March in the Eastern Orthodox calendar	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kenny Hogan Kenneth Sylvester Hogan (October 9, 1902 – January 2, 1980) was an outfielder in Major League Baseball outfielder who played for the Cincinnati Reds (1921) and the Cleveland Indians (1923–1924). External links Category:1902 births Category:1980 deaths Category:Major League Baseball outfielders Category:Cincinnati Reds players Category:Cleveland Indians players Category:Akron Tyrites players Category:Canton Terriers players Category:Erie Sailors players Category:Fort Wayne Chiefs players Category:Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players Category:Baseball players from Ohio Category:Sportspeople from Cleveland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Karacaören, Güdül Karacaören is a village in the District of Güdül, Ankara Province, Turkey. References Category:Populated places in Ankara Province Category:Güdül Category:Villages in Turkey	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Good Old Democratic Party The Good Old Democratic Party (GOD), also known as Good Old Democracy, is a minor political party in Grenada founded and led by Justin Francis McBurnie. It first contested parliamentary elections in 1990, when it received only six votes for McBurnie, its sole candidate, and failed to win a seat. Electoral history References External links GOD Manifesto 2013 Category:Political parties in Grenada Category:Political parties established in 1990 Category:1990 establishments in Grenada	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Southborough, Bromley Southborough is an area of South East London, within the London Borough of Bromley. It is located south east of Bromley. History A description of Southborough is given in Charles Freeman's History, Antiquities, Improvements, &c. of the Parish of Bromley, Kent, published in 1832. Southborough is situated from Bromley nearly two miles: it contains about sixteen houses, among which are the pleasant seats of Abraham Welland, Esq., the late Governor Cameron, and others. Some of the premises here, from their appearance, would indicate their erection to have taken place many years ago. Local tradition had it the hamlet had once been the court of a baron with the right to carry out executions, and that a gatehouse that had once stood on a farm there had been his prison. However John Dunkin, writing in 1815, believed that the fact that the Southborough had been part of a manor belonging to the Bishop of Rochester made the story "fabulous, or at least exaggerated by the mistakes of the ignorant rustics." References Category:Districts of the London Borough of Bromley Category:Areas of London	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
My Three Sons My Three Sons is an American sitcom. The series had a long run, from 1960 through 1972. ABC broadcast the show from 1960 through 1965, and then the series moved to CBS until the end of its run on April 13, 1972. My Three Sons chronicles the life of widower and aeronautical engineer Steven Douglas (Fred MacMurray) as he raises his three sons. The series originally featured William Frawley (who had first co-starred with MacMurray 25 years earlier in the movie Car 99) as the boys' live-in maternal grandfather and housekeeper, William Michael Francis "Bub" O'Casey. William Demarest, playing Bub's brother, "Uncle Charley", replaced Frawley in 1965 due to Frawley's illness. In September 1965, eldest son Mike (Tim Considine) married fiancée Sally Ann Morrison (Meredith MacRae), and his character was written out of the show. To keep the emphasis on "three sons", original youngest son Chip's (Stanley Livingston) friend Ernie (Barry Livingston) was adopted. In the program's later years, Steven Douglas remarried and adopted his new wife's young daughter Dorothy ("Dodie") (Dawn Lyn). The series was a cornerstone of the ABC and CBS lineups in the 1960s. With 380 episodes produced, it is third to The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet (14 seasons, 1952–1966, 434 episodes) and It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (14 seasons) as television's longest-running live-action sitcom. Disney producer Bill Walsh often mused on whether the concept of the show was inspired by the film The Shaggy Dog, as in his view they shared "the same dog, the same kids, and Fred MacMurray". History ABC years The show began on ABC in black-and-white. The first season, consisting of 36 episodes, was directed in its entirety by Peter Tewksbury, who produced and occasionally scripted the programs. During the 1964 fall season, William Frawley, who played Bub, was declared too ill to work by Desilu Studios, as the company was informed that insuring the actor would be too costly. Frawley continued in the role until a suitable replacement could be found at midseason. He was replaced by William Demarest, who played his hard-nosed brother (great) Uncle Charley, introduced partway through the 1964-1965 season (the last on ABC). According to the storyline, Bub returns to Ireland to help his Aunt Kate celebrate her 104th birthday. Soon after, brother Charley visits and stays on. Charley, a cello-playing merchant sailor, was a soft-hearted curmudgeon, who proved to be a responsible caregiver. Frawley left the series before the end of the 1964-1965 season. Directors Peter Tewksbury directed the first season. The succeeding director, Richard Whorf, took over the reins for one season and was in turn followed by former actor-turned-director Gene Reynolds from 1962 to 1964. James V. Kern, an experienced Hollywood television director who had previously helmed the "Hollywood" and "Europe" episodes of I Love Lucy, continued in this role for two years until his untimely death in late 1966, aged 57. Director James Sheldon was also contracted to finish episodes that had been partly completed by Kern to complete that season. Fred De Cordova was the show's longest and most consistent director of the series (108 episodes) until he left in 1971 to produce The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Earl Bellamy rounded out the series as director of the show's final year. CBS years My Three Sons moved to the CBS television network for the 1965-1966 season after ABC declined to underwrite the expense of producing the program in color. Along with the change in networks and the transition to color, Tim Considine (who had earlier worked with Fred MacMurray on The Shaggy Dog), playing eldest son Mike, had chosen not to renew his contract due to a clash with executive producer Don Fedderson over Considine's wish to direct but not co-star in the series. (Considine did, however, direct one of the last black-and-white episodes for ABC.) In an August 1989 interview on the Pat Sajak Show, he explained that he was also devoted to car racing, which his contract forbade. His character was written out, along with Meredith MacRae, who had played his fiancée Sally, in a wedding episode that was the premiere of the 1965–1966 season on CBS. After this episode, Mike is mentioned briefly in only four succeeding episodes (including one in which Ernie becomes adopted) and is never seen again, even at Robbie and Steve's weddings. (Steve explains briefly in one of these episodes that he has another son but "He lives away from home".) In the episode "Steve and the Huntress" (first aired January 27, 1966), Mike is specifically mentioned as teaching at a college. MacRae joined Petticoat Junction the following year, the last of three actresses to play Billie Jo Bradley. To keep the show's title plausible, the show's head writer, George Tibbles, fashioned a three-part story arc in which an orphaned friend of youngest brother Richard (Chip, played by Stanley Livingston), Ernie Thompson (played by his real-life brother, Barry Livingston), awaits adoption when his current foster parents are transferred to the Orient. Steve offers to adopt Ernie but faces antagonism from Uncle Charley, who finds Ernie a bit grating and forecasts major headaches over both the boy and his dog. It also transpires that a law requires a woman to live in the home of an adoptive family. A likable female social worker supervises the case and the Douglases speculate that Steve might marry the woman, to make the adoption possible but they both agree this is not reason enough for them to be married. The family also does not need to hire a housekeeper, since Uncle Charley already has things running smoothly. The family soon appears before a judge who researches the law and determines that its intent is to ensure a full-time caregiver is in the household. With Charley meeting that role and having had a change of heart about Ernie, Charley assents to a legal fiction declaring him "housemother" to the Douglas family. While the three sons were always central to the storyline, several major changes took place by the late 1960s. In the spring of 1967, the ratings for the series began to sag and My Three Sons finished its seventh season in 31st place in the Nielsen ratings. It was decided that the 1967-1968 season would bring the program not only a new time slot but also new storylines to spice up the ratings. In the fall of 1967, CBS moved My Three Sons to Saturday night at 8:30 pm. In the season-premiere episode, "Moving Day", the Douglas family and Uncle Charley relocate from the fictional town of Bryant Park in the Midwest to Los Angeles. Robbie (Don Grady) marries his classmate/girlfriend, Katie Miller (Tina Cole). Tina Cole, in fact, had appeared in different roles on three previous episodes of My Three Sons: "House For Sale" from the fourth season (February 13, 1964), "The Coffee House Set" from the fifth season (November 19, 1964) and "Robbie and the Little Stranger" from the sixth season (February 17, 1966). At the end of the 1967-1968 season, the ratings had improved from the previous year with the series placing at 24th in the Nielsens. The following season, the newlyweds discover that Katie is pregnant and she gives birth to triplets named Robert, Steven, and Charles. Originally played by sets of uncredited twins, these babies were later played uncredited by Guy, Gunnar and Garth Swanson. The most familiar triplets in the show's last two seasons are played by Michael, Daniel and Joseph Todd. The following year in the tenth season, 1969–1970, Steve remarries, taking widowed teacher Barbara Harper (Beverly Garland) as his wife; she brings with her a five year old daughter, Dorothy "Dodie" (Dawn Lyn), so Steven now had a stepdaughter whom he also subsequently adopts. (Dodie is wary of Steve at first, believing that he wants her to simply forget her late father, until he explains that he wants her to always remember and love him. Since he's no longer alive, Steve wants to raise her in his place and hopes she'll come to love him also.) Also, the last year and a half of the series feature fewer appearances of both Don Grady and Stanley Livingston. Grady's character was written out of the show at the end of the 11th season, which allowed for his wife Katie and their triplet sons to remain within the Douglas household the following season (as a structural engineer Robbie was working on a bridge construction in Peru). Chip and his teenaged wife Polly (Ronne Troup) (who eloped after Polly's disciplinarian father refused to sanction their marriage) move into their own apartment. At the end of the 1970-1971 season (the show's 11th year), My Three Sons was still garnering healthy ratings. By the spring of 1971, it had finished in 19th place. A 1971 television pilot with Don Grady and Tina Cole called Three of a Kind, then retitled Robbie—about Robbie, Katie and the triplets moving to San Francisco—was filmed but not picked up as a series. The final episode of the 1970-1971 season, "After the Honeymoon", actually set up the premise for this pilot. The guest stars were Richard X. Slattery and Pat Carroll, who were featured as the landlords of the apartment block into which Robbie and Katie move. However, Don Grady had informed the producers of his intention to leave the series and pursue a new full-time career as a composer, which he ultimately did. For the series' 12th (and ultimately, final) season, CBS moved My Three Sons to Monday nights at 10:00 pm. In addition to the time changes for the 12th season, a new four part story arc is introduced with MacMurray in a second role, that of his cousin, the Laird (Lord) Fergus McBain Douglas of Sithian Bridge. The voice of English actor Alan Caillou is awkwardly dubbed over MacMurray's. The plot centers around Lord Douglas's arrival in Los Angeles from the family's native Scotland, in search of a woman to marry and return with him to Scotland. He finds Terri Dowling (Anne Francis), a waitress at the Blue Berry Bowling Alley. While initially reluctant to give up her life in America and return to Scotland as nobility, she finally accepts. This storyline is a continuation of a plot idea that originally began in the fourth season, when the Douglases visit Scotland on the pretense of having been told they had inherited a castle in the Highlands. With a later time slot, the show finished the season outside the top 30. To save the series, CBS moved it in midseason back to Thursday nights at 8:30 pm, its old time slot. Nevertheless, My Three Sons ended its primetime run in the spring of 1972 after 12 years on the air. CBS also aired daytime reruns starting in September 1971 (only the CBS color shows), for about one season. Cast Main Fred MacMurray, Steve Douglas (1960–1972) William Frawley, William Michael Francis Aloysius "Bub" O'Casey (1960–1965) William Demarest, Charles Leslie "Uncle Charley" O'Casey, Bub's brother (1965–1972) Tim Considine, Mike Douglas (1960–1965) Don Grady, Robbie Douglas (1960–1971) Stanley Livingston, Richard "Chip" Douglas (1960–1972) Barry Livingston, Ernie Thompson/Douglas (1963–1972) Meredith MacRae, Sally Ann Morrison Douglas (1963–1965) Tina Cole, Katie Miller Douglas (1967–1972) Beverly Garland, Barbara Harper Douglas (1969–1972) Dawn Lyn, Dorothy "Dodie" Harper Douglas (1969–1972) Ronne Troup, Polly Williams Douglas (1970–1972) Michael, Daniel, and Joseph Todd, playing Robbie, Stevie, and Charley Douglas respectively (1970–1972) Recurring Cynthia Pepper, Jean Pearson (1960–1961) Peter Brooks, Hank Ferguson (1960–1963) Cheryl Holdridge, Judy Doucette (1960–1961) Ricky Allen, Hubert 'Sudsy' Pfeiffer (1961–1963) Hank Jones, Pete (1964–1966) Bill Erwin, Joe Walters (1962–1964) Doris Singleton, Helen Morrison (1964–65) and Margaret Williams (1970) John Howard, Dave Welch (1965–1967) Joan Tompkins, Lorraine Miller (1967–1970) Musical connections The series' cast had several music connections. MacMurray began his career as a saxophone player during the 1930s, and sometimes played it on the series, as well as clarinet. Frawley had been a vaudeville actor and sang in the 1929 short film Fancy That as well as in the 1936 film The General Died at Dawn and in several episodes of I Love Lucy. Actress Tina Cole (Katie) was born into the King Family, a popular 1950s–1960s group. Ronne Troup (Polly) was the step-daughter of singer Julie London and daughter of musician/composer Bobby Troup (who wrote the song Route 66 and also starred in the TV program Emergency! along with wife London), and Dawn Lyn is the younger sister of 1970s pop idol Leif Garrett. Don Grady (Robbie) composed and produced music, having created successful Las Vegas venues for Phantom of the Opera star Michael Crawford and pop star David Cassidy. Grady also played drums in the '60s pop group Yellow Balloon. Musical arranger Frank De Vol, who composed the theme, scored over thirty motion pictures and arranged for such vocalists as Sarah Vaughan, Jack Jones, Nat King Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Vic Damone, Dinah Shore, Doris Day, and Jaye P. Morgan. Episodes My Three Sons had 36 episodes each in the first two seasons. The series had more than thirty episodes in each of the first eight seasons; the episode output then decreased by two episodes until the eleventh season, which had twenty-four episodes, along with the twelfth season. The first five seasons were filmed in black & white, then after the move to CBS, it was filmed in color for the remainder of its run. Production schedule The series was initially filmed at Desilu Studios in Hollywood, but at the start of the 1967–68 season, the cast and crew began filming the series at the CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California. The reasons behind this move concerned the sale of actress-comedian Lucille Ball 's studios to the Gulf + Western conglomerate, which owned Paramount Pictures, so Don Fedderson Productions, who produced My Three Sons (along with Family Affair starring Brian Keith), had to quickly make other arrangements for filming. The move also necessitated moves in the show's storyline as well, hence the family's move from the fictitious town of Bryant Park (in the Midwestern United States) to North Hollywood, California, although the town is never officially mentioned, simply just the city of Los Angeles. Fred MacMurray was the only actor to appear in every episode of the series. Reportedly, MacMurray's contract stipulated that he work only 65 days per year. His scenes for each season were produced in two blocks of filming. He would report to the Desilu-Gower lot in late May and work 35 days (five days per week, weekends off), then take off for 10 weeks. He would then return to complete his remaining 30 days of shooting and was finished altogether around Thanksgiving. MacMurray's ten-week hiatus in the middle of each season's production schedule freed up the actor to follow other pursuits, while the filming of scenes with the other cast members continued. In short, all episodes were filmed out of sequence. Evidence of this is very apparent in several episodes, where plotlines had MacMurray's character on a business trip (e.g. "Small Adventure") or spending much of his time at the office (e.g. "Soap Box Derby"). This allowed him to seemingly take part in the entire episode with limited or no interaction with the other regulars during filming. This sometimes produced noticeable continuity problems onscreen, especially as the boys grew and changed styles. Distribution Although Don Fedderson gets the credit, My Three Sons was created by George Tibbles and produced by Don Fedderson Productions throughout the show's run, with MCA Television co-distributing the series during its 1960–65 ABC airing. When the series moved to CBS in 1965, the latter network assumed full production responsibilities (in association with Fedderson Productions) until the end of the series in 1972. CBS now holds the series' copyright. CBS Television Distribution presently owns distribution rights to the entire series (including the more widely seen and aforementioned 1965–72 CBS episodes). The show did not get syndicated until September 1976, when Viacom Enterprises assumed off-network distribution (although CBS did air reruns of the show in its daytime lineup from December 1971 until the fall of 1972), and even then, only the CBS color episodes aired, while the black and white ABC episodes did not air on broadcast TV at all. At the time, the first half of season 11 was in the same syndication package as seasons 6-10, while season 12 and the second half of season 11 were distributed with seasons 1–5. Nick at Nite aired My Three Sons from November 3, 1985 to October 28, 1991 with episodes from Seasons 1–5, the second half of season 11, and season 12. The Family Channel also aired only the black and white episodes from September 7, 1992 to July 30, 1993. The Seasons 1–3 episodes had the original Chevrolet closing credits. The Seasons 6–10 (and the first half of season 11) episodes were later aired on TV Land in the late 1990s. Odyssey ran all of the color episodes in the early 2000s. They also briefly aired the black and white episodes. In 2000, TV Land briefly aired the black & white episodes again, using the same syndication episode rights that were on Nick at Nite during the 1980s. In 2006 the Retro Television Network broadcast the show. Only seasons 6-10 and the first half of season 11 were aired. Since fall 2004, the standard US syndication package has been Seasons 6-10, though very few stations air the show anymore. In 2009, FamilyNet began airing the program as a lead-in for its Happy Days and Family Ties program block, which ended in February 2010. From 2012-14, and also from October 2015-February 2016, MeTV aired the Season 6-10 episodes in heavy rotation, and most closing credits included the original sponsor tags, such as those for Kellogg's. In 2016, Decades began airing the CBS (color) episodes in its "binge" blocks on some weekends. MeTV began airing the black and white episodes on May 29, 2017, the first time the black and white episodes have aired on broadcast television since their original ABC airings. MeTV aired all episodes in order until August 3, 2018, when the series's last episode aired. This marks the first time a U.S. broadcast television network aired the entire series in full. MeTV reaired the entire series again from August 6, 2018 to January 22, 2020. Reunion special MacMurray and most of the cast took part in Thanksgiving Reunion with The Partridge Family and My Three Sons, which aired on ABC on November 25, 1977. The retrospective special looked back at the history of My Three Sons and The Partridge Family (other than featuring single parents with a large family, the two series had no narrative, or even a studio, link). The special was notable for featuring footage from early black and white episodes of My Three Sons that, at this point in time, were not in syndication. While most of the collected casts gathered in a studio to reminisce, Demarest appeared in a brief pre-taped segment. Home media CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) has released the first two seasons of My Three Sons on DVD in Region 1. In most episodes, the soundtrack was edited to remove the background musical score, which were originally stock music from the Capitol Records library; the licensing agreement with Capitol only covered broadcast rights, not home video rights, and clearing the music for home video release with the individual composers who worked on the Capitol recordings was deemed cost-prohibitive. The Capitol scores were replaced instead with more modern, synthesized music. The original theme tune by Frank DeVol has been left unaltered; his musical scores in later seasons of the show, written specifically for the series, would less-likely be affected by licensing problems if the later seasons were released on DVD. On May 13, 2019, the third season was released, in two volume sets, available exclusively through Amazon's made-on-demand (MOD) service. Season 4 was released on September 10, 2019 and season 5 on December 17, 2019. References External links My Three Sons at the Museum of Broadcast Communications Category:1960s American sitcoms Category:1970s American sitcoms Category:1960 American television series debuts Category:1972 American television series endings Category:American Broadcasting Company original programming Category:Black-and-white American television programs Category:CBS original programming Category:English-language television programs Category:Television series about families Category:Television series by CBS Television Studios Category:American television series revived after cancellation	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gloucester High School Gloucester High School can refer to: Gloucester High School (Ottawa), Ontario, Canada Gloucester High School (Massachusetts), in Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA Gloucester High School (Virginia), in Gloucester, Virginia, USA	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Job Janszoon van Meekeren Job van Meekeren (1611 – 6 December 1666, in Amsterdam) was a Dutch surgeon. Van Meekeren was a pupil of Nicolaas Tulp and became a surgeon in Amsterdam in 1635. He was respected by outstanding contemporary medical doctors for his knowledge of medical literature and his skills, who made a definite link between anatomy and surgery. He showed a great interest in hand surgery, and interesting is a demonstration of flexor tendon repairs on corpses by one of his pupils. He wrote a book, which gives a good representation of the state of the art of surgery in the seventeenth century in Amsterdam. Names and addresses of patients are fully mentioned, so even today we know exactly where they lived and where the events took place. On the other hand, we also know quite well what the surgeons and doctors looked like through the efforts of many excellent painters who depicted anatomy lessons. In Amsterdam, barber-surgeons' guilds were very eager to sit for group paintings, centered on the teaching medical doctor. The painter Aert Pietersz in 1603 painted Dr. Sebastiaan Egberts surrounded by 29 surgeons, and in 1619, Dr. Egberts was painted once more, this time with five learning surgeons, by Thomas de Keyser. Nicolaes Eliasz, named Pickenoy, painted Dr. Johan Fonteyn in 1625, and Rembrandt is well known for the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp (1632) and Dr. Deyman (1656). It is peculiar that a portrait of van Meekeren could not be traced. External links Van Meekeren at whonamedit Category:1611 births Category:1666 deaths Category:Dutch surgeons Category:People from Amsterdam	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2011 IZOD IndyCar World Championship The 2011 IZOD IndyCar World Championship was the final race of the 2011 IZOD IndyCar series schedule. The event took place at Las Vegas Motor Speedway in Clark County, Nevada on October 16, 2011. The race was stopped following a major accident triggered by drivers trying to avoid light contact between Wade Cunningham and James Hinchcliffe. 15 cars were involved in the wreck, which resulted in the death of two-time Indianapolis 500 winner and 2005 series champion Dan Wheldon. After a delay of over two hours, IndyCar decided to abandon the remaining 188 laps after word of Wheldon's death was relayed to the drivers, though the drivers did complete a five-lap salute in honor of Wheldon. It also marked the last race for the Dallara IR03 and later IR05 chassis which had been used since 2003, as it would be replaced by the DW12 for 2012. Report Background The Las Vegas race was added to the schedule for the 2011 season, replacing the event at Homestead-Miami Speedway as the final race of the IndyCar season. The races at Homestead and the International Speedway Corporation tracks were removed from the schedule following the previous year's season. Las Vegas Motor Speedway was returning to the IndyCar schedule for the first time since 2000, and the event marked the first open-wheel race at the circuit since the Hurricane Relief 400 Champ Car event in 2005. The circuit since was reconfigured in 2006, which saw a greater degree of banking added to the circuit to encourage side-by-side racing. The race was scheduled for 200 laps around the oval, totaling . The $5 Million Challenge On May 3, 2011, IndyCar CEO Randy Bernard announced that a $5,000,000 (USD) purse would be awarded to any driver not on the IndyCar circuit to enter the race at Las Vegas and win while starting from the back of the field. Bernard's original offer was exclusively to "any race car driver in the world outside of the IZOD IndyCar Series," hoping to attract interest from Formula 1 or NASCAR. Bernard received offers that he deemed viable from motocross racer Travis Pastrana, former IndyCar champion Alex Zanardi, and NASCAR's Kasey Kahne. Pastrana, however, suffered an ankle injury earlier in the year at the X Games while Zanardi and Kahne wanted to drive only for Chip Ganassi Racing and Team Penske respectively, who both had drivers (Dario Franchitti and Will Power) competing against each other for the championship. (Zanardi also would have required a special setup for his car if he were to run, as he is a double amputee who lost both of his legs below the knees in a crash at the 2001 American Memorial CART race.) Bernard later revised the challenge to include a driver who had only competed in IndyCar part-time during the 2011 season; the challenge was accepted by 2011 Indianapolis 500 winner Dan Wheldon, who had run only one additional race that season: the Kentucky Indy 300, in which Wheldon also started at the back of the field in the Sam Schmidt #77, and finished 14th. Wheldon agreed to split the purse with a fan if he went on to win. Championship battle Entering the race, the only two drivers still in contention for the IndyCar Championship were Ganassi's Franchitti and Penske's Power. Franchitti was 18 points ahead of Power, retaking the championship points lead from him with a second-place finish at the 2011 Kentucky Indy 300 two weeks prior. Power was still mathematically in the points race despite an awful finish at Kentucky, but needed to finish far ahead of Franchitti in order to win the championship title. The race's honorary grand marshal was skateboarder Tony Hawk, who gave the command to start the engines. Qualifying A total of thirty-four cars qualified for the race. Tony Kanaan, driving the 82 Dallara for KV Racing Technology, qualified on the pole for the race and shared the front row with Oriol Servià, driving the No. 2 Dallara for Newman/Haas Racing. Danica Patrick, driving the No. 7 Dallara for Andretti Autosport, started 9th in what was her final IndyCar start before joining NASCAR. The two remaining championship contenders qualified on row 9, with Power 17th in the No. 12 Dallara and Franchitti 18th in the No. 10 Dallara. In addition to Wheldon's No. 77 Dallara, which he piloted for Sam Schmidt Motorsports, Buddy Rice was forced to start from the rear of the field when he received a penalty in qualifying for driving the No. 44 Dallara below the track's white line. Lap 11 crash The accident began on the front straightaway as the field headed into turn one. Wade Cunningham, Wheldon's teammate in the No. 17 Dallara, clipped James Hinchcliffe, driving the No. 06 Dallara, and then made contact with J. R. Hildebrand in the No. 4 Dallara. Then Cunningham swerved and Hildebrand drove over the rear of his car, causing his to go airborne. Cunningham collected Jay Howard in the No. 15 Dallara on the inside and then Townsend Bell in the No. 22 Dallara on the outside before colliding with the retaining wall. Attempting to avoid the crash ahead, Vitor Meira lost control of his No. 14 Dallara and spun inward, collecting both Charlie Kimball's No. 83 Dallara and E. J. Viso's No. 59 Dallara. Tomas Scheckter, in the No. 57 Dallara, was also attempting to avoid the crash by rapidly slowing down on the outside. Following that, Paul Tracy ran into the back of his car with his No. 8 Dallara and Pippa Mann, rapidly approaching in the No. 30 Dallara, went over the top of him after jerking to the outside to avoid crashing into Alex Lloyd in the No. 19 Dallara. As cars continued to drive through the accident scene, the No. 77 car driven by Wheldon and the No. 12 driven by Power left the racing surface. Wheldon was racing at when he came upon the scene, frantically trying to avoid the collision. Although he was able to considerably slow it down, Wheldon's car went airborne about after running into the back of Kimball's and went barrel-rolling into the catch fence cockpit-first, causing his head to hit one of the poles. The No. 77 landed back on the racing surface having been sliced apart by the fence and slid to a stop next to the S.A.F.E.R. barrier. Power, meanwhile, went airborne when he ran over the back of Lloyd's car and struck the S.A.F.E.R. barrier. The car landed sideways on the track and rolled over, which caused the front wheel assembly to break; one of the front tires flew over Power's head and barely missed hitting him. A total of 15 cars were involved, with the most severe injuries suffered by Wheldon, Power, Hildebrand, and Mann. Wheldon was extricated from his car and was airlifted to the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada. He was officially pronounced dead on arrival two hours later at 1:54 PM Pacific Daylight Time. The official cause of Wheldon's death was given by the Clark County Coroner as blunt force trauma to his head due to the incident. Mann and Hildebrand were later taken to the hospital for overnight observation, while Power was evaluated and released that day. After one additional lap had been run, IndyCar officials red-flagged the race as the track was not suitable for racing. In addition to the debris left by the fifteen cars involved in the wreck, the asphalt surface was damaged and the catch fencing needed repair. As the teams waited to see if they would resume racing, they also were waiting for word on Wheldon's condition as word had not been relayed to the track. Sometime around 3:00 PM local time, an emergency drivers' meeting was called by series director Brian Barnhart. After the meeting ended, Randy Bernard met with the media. In his brief statement, Bernard told reporters about Wheldon's death and that, out of respect, the drivers and teams agreed not to continue the race and instead decided to pay tribute to their fallen colleague with a five-lap salute. The 19 drivers who survived the crash scene returned to their cars, and every crew member stood silently in their pit boxes. The scoring pylon was blanked except for the top position, where the No. 77 was displayed. The remaining cars lined up three abreast on pit road, as in the Indy 500 starting formation, with Kanaan, Ed Carpenter in the No. 67 Dallara, and Ryan Briscoe in the No. 6 Dallara leading. Out of respect for Wheldon's death, the No. 98 Dallara fielded by Bryan Herta Autosport was parked. The car was driven to victory in Indianapolis by Wheldon and its driver on this day, Alex Tagliani, normally drove the No. 77 car that Wheldon had taken over. The pace car then led the cars back onto the track while every crew member and person behind the wall moved to the grass separating pit road from the track to watch. The track loudspeakers blared renditions of "Danny Boy" and "Amazing Grace" played on bagpipes while the cars went around the track at pace lap speed, and each time the cars passed the start/finish line the fans remaining in the front-stretch grandstand offered applause. At the end of the five tribute laps, the starter waved two checkered flags to signify the end while the cars proceeded around the track one more time before exiting for the pits in turn four. Wheldon's death was the first suffered by an IndyCar driver since Paul Dana was killed in a race-morning practice crash at Homestead-Miami in 2006. Championship resolution Since the race was abandoned after twelve total laps, it did not reach official status; IndyCar does not consider a race official unless it reaches the halfway mark. As such, no points were awarded and the series championship went to Franchitti by default. If the race had continued and reached official status, Franchitti would have been the series champion anyway as he had avoided the accident. Power's car, meanwhile, was heavily damaged in the lap 11 crash to the point where he would not have been able to continue racing. This was Franchitti's third consecutive and fourth overall championship. Indy Racing League, LLC delayed all official prizegiving, choosing instead to conduct it during the annual State of INDYCAR speech in February 2012; Franchitti also delayed his own celebration of his championship victory. Reactions At the time of his death, Wheldon had been working with IndyCar officials to develop the ICONIC chassis with the intention of improving safety in the sport. Planned changes to the chassis include larger cockpits for driver protection and bodywork over the rear wheels to prevent cars from launching off one another in the event of a collision, long a problem in open-wheel racing, regardless of oval or road course, but troublesome on high-speed ovals and tight street circuits with a long straight and a tight turn, similar to the style of many modern road courses. Prominent figures within the IndyCar fraternity and the wider international motorsport community expressed their condolences to Wheldon and his family. Wheldon had been scheduled to take part in the Gold Coast 600, a round of the V8 Supercars championship, on October 22, racing alongside his friend James Courtney. Upon hearing of Wheldon's death, Courtney described the accident as a sobering reminder of the dangers faced by racing drivers. As the first major international motorsport event after Wheldon's death, organizers of the V8 Supercars series planned a series of tributes to him at the Gold Coast 600. Wheldon's place was taken by another British driver, Darren Turner, an FIA GT1 World Championship competitor. Wheldon's name was left on the car as a mark of respect, while British drivers at the event paid tribute to him with helmet decals, and several other drivers planned individual tributes to Wheldon. Kanaan, who had also been scheduled to race in Australia, announced his withdrawal from the event out of respect for Wheldon. However, Briscoe, Tagliani, and Hélio Castroneves, all of whom raced at Las Vegas, along with other part-time IndyCar drivers Sébastien Bourdais and Simon Pagenaud, who were not at Las Vegas, did race. Bourdais, the best performing "International" driver, received the Dan Wheldon Memorial Trophy. Sam Schmidt, for whom Wheldon had been racing at the time of his accident, admitted that the events at Las Vegas Motor Speedway had prompted him to re-evaluate his involvement in motorsports. Similarly, veteran drivers Davey Hamilton and Paul Tracy said they were considering retiring from racing on the back of the accident. In the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, several drivers at the 2011 Good Sam Club 500 at Talladega on the weekend after Wheldon's death put special tributes on their cars, like NASCAR issuing the "Lionheart Knight" decal Wheldon wore on his helmet, which were placed on the cars' b-pillars, along with T. J. Bell putting Wheldon's name on the namerail. Driver Marco Andretti withdrew from The Celebrity Apprentice, which started taping days after the incident, and was replaced by his father Michael, team principal of Andretti Autosport. On December 9, 2011, IndyCar decided that they were not going to return to Las Vegas for the 2012 season. Randy Bernard expressed reluctance to return to the speedway following Wheldon's death, despite the insistence of Speedway Motorsports, Inc. president Bruton Smith (who owns the track in Las Vegas as well as three other tracks used by the IndyCar series) for the series to honor its three-year contract with the track. As of that date, the investigation into the accident was still ongoing. IndyCar was holding back on the release of its 2012 schedule until the investigation concluded. The IndyCar series also conducted an investigation into whether or not the series should continue racing on high-banked ovals such as Las Vegas and Texas Motor Speedway in Denton, Texas. Texas had been one of the staples of the IndyCar series since 1997 and had yet to be confirmed for 2012 prior to the Las Vegas race in 2011. Indycar's future at high-banked ovals was in jeopardy pending the results of the investigation. Texas was eventually placed on the 2012 schedule. The series went to new restrictions on restarts. IndyCar announced that restarts would only be single-file in 2012, rather than double-file as they had been the previous season. Criticism In the build-up to the event, several drivers expressed unease at the race – with Franchitti, Oriol Servià and Alex Lloyd the most vocal opponents – particularly given the high degree of banking around the circuit, with between 18 and 20 degrees of banking in the corners. Franchitti was quoted as saying that the track was "not suitable" for IndyCar racing, while championship rival Will Power – himself a staunch critic of short-track oval racing – described the race as "an accident waiting to happen". The field of 34 drivers was the biggest in an IndyCar series race in 14 years. A typical oval track race has six to eight fewer drivers, except for the Indianapolis 500, which normally has a 33-car field. ESPN.com senior motorsports writer Terry Blount wrote: "Obviously more cars presents more danger. They wanted a whole lot of cars cause obviously this is their season finale and they wanted it to be a big deal. Some of the people that were driving in this event yesterday had no business being in it. Some of them had never driven on a track like this. That was a mistake". Chris Powell, president of Las Vegas Motor Speedway, defended the race, saying that the circuit had passed all of the IndyCar Series' accreditation procedures and was deemed suitable for racing. He also went on the record to say that despite the media reporting the concerns of several drivers over the safety of the event, none of those concerns had been raised with him. Formula One World Champion Jody Scheckter, whose son Tomas was involved in the accident, was highly critical of the series organizers, stating that a serious accident was "inevitable" as "they were basically touching wheels at . They all bunch up together so there are thirty-four cars in a small space of track. One person makes a mistake and this happens. You [shouldn't] have to get killed if you make a mistake. It was madness." Former Formula One and IndyCar driver Mark Blundell agreed, claiming that the Las Vegas circuit was unsuitable for IndyCar racing – this was the last race for the Dallara IR05 – while NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion Jimmie Johnson called for the series to leave oval racing altogether, though he clarified his statement by saying that the open-wheel type cars on a resurfaced track built for the heavier Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series cars was a bad idea. However, former champion Mario Andretti said that the accident was a "freakish" one-off incident and that facilities at the circuit were adequate for racing. While he admitted surprise that more drivers were not seriously injured, he also cautioned against what he called "knee-jerk reactions" to the accident, calling for any changes to the sport to be carefully considered before being introduced, rather than being rushed into action. Former Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) President Max Mosley, a long-time advocate of increased safety in motorsport, agreed with Andretti, urging a "calm and scientific" approach to any proposed changes, particularly when asked about the proposed introduction of closed canopies for open-wheel racing cars. The five million dollar prize was also the subject of criticism in that a driver inexperienced in driving IndyCars would have a higher risk of causing a crash, though Formula One driver Anthony Davidson downplayed the influence of the prize in causing the accident, stating that racing drivers by their nature try to win every race, whether they start from first or last. Many short track races in the United States offer a cash or points bonus where a driver who wins the pole and starts last can collect a cash bonus for winning; this was used at Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis in the "Night Before F1" midget car race where the winner of the first feature race started last for the second in a reverse-grid race, and a driver who starts last by winning the first feature, starting last, and winning the second feature wins a cash bonus. Some series offer a point bonus for the driver who makes up the most positions in a race. In the days following the incident, it was learned that at least three additional drivers had been approached to try for the $5 million challenge prize. One was Scott Speed, who previously ran open-wheel Formula One cars for Scuderia Toro Rosso and who had raced on the reconfigured LVMS track in the Craftsman Truck Series for Morgan-Dollar Motorsports in 2008 and for Team Red Bull in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in 2009 and 2010. Speed, in an interview he gave to Inside Edition on October 18, 2011, said that he declined to take the offer saying that the track conditions were too dangerous for Indy-type cars. Likewise, A. J. Allmendinger, who also had previous open-wheel experience, had expressed early interest, though he later declined, recalling, "[When] we raced CART at Vegas...it scared the living hell out of me." Finnish media reported that Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen, who was splitting time between the World Rally Championship and NASCAR in 2011, had also been approached to take part in the race, but Räikkönen rejected the offer as he was not confident of having a competitive car, rather than having concerns over safety. Investigation Three days after the accident, series organizers announced that the race would be the subject of a full investigation. The other members of the Automobile Competition Committee for the United States (ACCUS), the national governing body of automobile racing in the United States, and a member of the FIA made their resources available for the investigation, which IndyCar officials expected to take several weeks. As all ACCUS/FIA members participated in the investigation, IndyCar would have full use of the NASCAR R&D Center in Concord, North Carolina. In the meantime, all testing at Las Vegas Motor Speedway was cancelled indefinitely; Franchitti and Chip Ganassi Racing had been planning to test the 2012-spec Dallara chassis at the circuit in the week following the race. Results The results of the investigation into Wheldon's death were released on December 15, 2011. In a report prepared by crash investigators, it was found that Wheldon's death was caused by an impact with the catch fencing around the circuit. Brian Barnhart further rejected claims that the banking had also contributed to the accident, stating that it created two ideal racing lines, and that these lines made the location of cars more predictable for other drivers; at the time of the accident, all 34 cars had been behaving as expected. The report also revealed that the right front pull rod of the suspension assembly penetrated Wheldon's survival cell, though it did not cause him any injury. The report recommended further investigation of this phenomenon, as it was the first recorded incident of its kind in nine years of the use of the IR03 and later IR05 model chassis, which was being retired at the end of the race. The pull-rod suspension chassis is not being utilised in the DW12. Legacy Since Wheldon's death at the Las Vegas oval, much emphasis has been put into the elimination of "pack racing" through changes to the tires and downforce levels on high-banked ovals (particularly at Texas Motor Speedway, for its annual IndyCar event). Such racing has been seen on occasion since the Vegas race, most notably at the 2015 MAVTV 500 at Auto Club Speedway, and the 2017 Rainguard Water Sealers 600 at Texas, where "pack racing" again reappeared and only a handful of drivers finished the race, although none were seriously injured. However, for the most part the league has avoided pack races in the years since the 2011 Finale. Talk of a canopy or halo to protect the driver was accelerated by the fatal Formula One accident that killed Jules Bianchi in October 2014 and an incident where Justin Wilson was fatally struck in the head by debris at the August 2015 ABC Supply 500 at Pocono Raceway. In particular, following Wilson's death, Allmendinger stated that he would "never again" run open-wheel cars, adding "The only way I would do it is if they put in a closed cockpit over the car and tested it and they thought that was a good direction in safety then I might think about doing it again." As a result, several major open-wheel series have implemented cockpit protection systems, with Formula One, Formula Two, Formula Three and Formula E all introducing the halo in 2018. The rear wheel pods introduced to IndyCar in 2012 intended to prevent cars from becoming airborne when hitting another in the rear proved to be ineffective as there were major crashes resulting from such contact during the 2013 race in Houston involving Dario Franchitti, as well as the 2017 Indianapolis 500 involving Scott Dixon. In addition the pods were often ripped from cars from light contact, placing hazardous debris on the track. As a result the rear pods were eliminated for 2018. Classification Qualifying Notes: – Rice was moved to the back of the grid after receiving a penalty for running below the white line. – Wheldon agreed to start the race from thirty-fourth and last place on the grid as part of the organizers' five million dollar challenge. Scoring when abandoned Standings after the race Note: Only the Top 5 positions are included. See also References External links IZOD IndyCar World Championship IZOD IndyCar World Championship IZOD IndyCar World Championship Category:Cancelled motorsport events Category:Motorsport in Las Vegas IZOD IndyCar World Championship IZOD IndyCar World Championship 2011	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Where were you last Pluterday? Where were you last Pluterday? is a science fiction novel by Paul van Herck, originally released in Dutch in 1968 as Sam, of de Pluterdag by J.M. Meulenhoff (in their science fiction and fantasy range M=SF as the 14th book of the range) and released in English by DAW books in 1973. The novel won the first prize at the European Science Fiction Convention (EuroCon) in Trieste, Italy. Plot summary The theme in the book is Pluterday, an extra day in the week which can be withdrawn if one saves enough time (e.g. by taking a plane instead of a train). Only the rich can save enough time and thus Pluterday is in practice reserved for the "happy few", resulting in a class society. The existence of Pluterdays is kept secret from non-privileged people. Other translations Spanish (Mexico: Novaro, 1975: translated by Manuel Campo as ¿Dónde Estabas el Pasado Pluterday?) Swedish (Stockholm/Bromma: Delta, 1976: translated by Gunnar Gällmo as Vi ses på plurdag, ) French (Paris: Librairie des Champs-Elysées, 1977: translated by Mary Rosenthal as Crésudi dernier ?, ) German (München: Heyne Verlag, 1981: translated by Ronald M. Hahn as Framstag Sam, ) Hungarian (Budapest: Háttér Lap- és Könyvkiado, 1991: translated by Anikó Kocsis as Viszlát jövő plutónap!, ) References External links Where were you last Pluterday? at Goodreads Category:1968 novels Category:Belgian novels Category:Dutch-language novels Category:1968 science fiction novels Category:Comic science fiction novels Category:DAW Books books	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pamitinan Cave Pamitinan Cave is a limestone cave in the foothills of the Sierra Madre mountain range near Wawa Dam in Rizal, the Philippines. It is located in the Pamitinan Protected Landscape, in the barangay of San Rafael, municipality of Rodriguez. The cave was formerly known as the '"Cave of Bernardo Carpio"'. Its former name was derived from Bernardo Carpio, a figure in Philippine mythology who was rebuked by the gods because of his insolence. Legend states that he was chained forever in the Montalban gorge, cursed to keep two mountains from colliding with each other. On April 12, 1895, Andres Bonifacio along with eight other katipuneros declared the Philippines independence from the Spanish empire inside of this cave. The walls still bear inscriptions of "Viva la Independencia Filipina" from the time of the Philippine Revolution. On June 21, 1996, Pamitinan cave was declared a historic site by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. During World War II, Japanese soldiers occupied the cave and used it as a camp. See also Historic site List of Philippine historic sites List of Cultural Properties of the Philippines in CALABARZON References External links National Historical Commission of the Philippines Official Website Category:Caves of the Philippines Category:Landforms of Rizal Category:Rodriguez, Rizal Category:Sierra Madre (Philippines) Category:Tourist attractions in Rizal	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Howard Davis (chemical engineer) Howard Theodore "Ted" Davis (1937 - 2009) was an American chemical engineer and Regents Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science (CEMS) at the University of Minnesota. He is internationally known for his work in statistical thermodynamics, transport in porous media, and surface thermodynamics. Davis was an author of more than 400 academic papers and five books including the acclaimed textbooks: “Linear Algebra and Linear Operators in Engineering” (Academic Press, 2000, 1st Edition)., "Statistical Mechanics of Phases, Interfaces and Thin Films" (John Wiley & Sons, 1995, 1st Edition). He served as department head of CEMS for 15 years (1980-1995), followed by his leadership as dean (1995-2005) of the Institute of Technology, the University of Minnesota's college of physical science and engineering. In 2008, Davis became the director of the University of Minnesota's BioTechnology Institute Early life and education Davis grew up in western North Carolina in the small town of Hendersonville as the child of an apple farm and textile mill worker. He received his B.S. in chemistry from Furman University in 1959 before completing his Ph.D. in chemistry at the University of Chicago in 1962 with advisor Stuart Rice on the topic of "Some theoretical and experimental studies of irreversible processes in simple dense fluids", part of which was later published as a book chapter. He later completed a year of post-doctoral studies at the Free University of Brussels with Nobel laureate Ilya Prigogine before joining the faculty at the University of Minnesota in 1963. Research & Education at Minnesota Davis' background in chemistry led to new directions in chemical engineering research including fundamental questions in the fields of statistical mechanics, transport in porous media, and interfacial phenomena which had applications in fluid flow, industrial coating processes, recovery of oil, and nanotechnology. His work was highlighted by physical insights that many attributed to his "amazing discipline" as a researcher. He regularly described a research philosophy to pursue "the elegant solution" to problems, which built on his belief that the time saved by "quick and dirty" calculations could never compensate the for the lost intellectual opportunity. His research was integral in moving chemical engineering away from traditional unit operations and towards more rigorous mathematical analysis. Ted's contributions to education was broad with impact on undergraduate and graduate instruction in addition to faculty mentoring. Ted's approach to graduate education pushed students to think as practitioners of fields beyond their specialty. His lecture style was described as dense but clear, with a pace that quickened and slowed between mathematical description and verbal explanation. His advising of graduate students was highly collaborative, with numerous students exploring topics with combined experiment in theory. In all he advised more than 80 graduate students which led to the publication of more than 400 papers and two leading textbooks on the topics of linear algebra and statistical mechanics. Tenure as Dean In 1995, Ted Davis was named as Dean of the Institute of Technology at the University of Minnesota, the university's college of engineering and physical sciences. During his leadership he helped develop the Digital Technology Center. He also was instrumental in created the University of Minnesota Department of Biomedical Engineering. This was followed by the formation of degree programs in bio-based products engineering, computer engineering and biomedical engineering. In addition, he established a professional master's program in software and infrastructure systems engineering. During his time as Dean of IT, the college underwent several major renovations including the new Mechanical Engineering Building and the restoration of Walter library. These additions expanded the capability of the college and provided locations for both the Science and Engineering Library as well as the Digital Technology center. These capabilities expanded the opportunity of the information technology community of Minnesota, which was instrumental in numerous federally-funded research centers at the University of Minnesota. Davis stepped down after nine years in 2005 as the 3rd longest serving dean in the college's history. In 2008, Ted enthusiastically accepted the role of Director of the BioTechnology Institute, the University of Minneosta's internal organization focusing on advanced research, training and interaction with industry in biological process technology; he held this position until May 2009. Awards, Honors, and Legacy Ted's research and contributions to education and service have been highlighted with numerous awards, many of which identify his passion for scholarship, extensive curiosity, and generous and kind spirit. In 1969 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1988, Ted was elected to the National Academy of Engineering (primary section Chemical, secondary section Materials). His NAE election citation noted: In 1997, the leadership of the University of Minnesota named Ted Regents Professor, the highest recognition of excellence at the university. In 2008, the Minnesota Science and Technology Hall of Fame included him in its first class of inductees; this selection honors those Minnesotans that have had a lasting worldwide impact. Ted leaves a broad and impactful legacy that expands beyond his research in chemical engineering and materials science. His decades of leadership as both department head and dean at the University of Minnesota led Professor Frank S. Bates to call him "our model of excellence." Ted's research style of combined theory, simulation and experiment along with his focus on elegant mathematical solutions led to the renaissance in chemical engineering in the 1960s and 1970s that continued decades later. During his tenure as department head, the graduate chemical engineering program at the University of Minnesota consistently ranked as the top program by National Research Council. Ted has also led an exemplary career of expanding his research beyond his immediate field with broad interest in combining mathematics, science, and engineering with art and communication. He was positive on the future of technology stating Key publications Ted Davis has authored numerous journal articles describing significant advances in statistical mechanics, transport, fluid mechanics, and interfacial phenomena which includes but is not limited to: H. Ted Davis, Stuart A. Rice, Lothar Meyer "On the Kinetic Theory of Simple Dense Fluids. XI. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Positive Ion Mobility in Liquid Ar, Kr, and Xe", Journal of Chemical Physics, 37, 947, (1962). Lloyd R. White, H. Ted Davis "Thermal Conductivity of Molten Alkali Nitrates", Journal of Chemical Physics, 47, 5433, (1967). V. Bongiorno, H. Ted Davis "Modified van der Waals theory of fluid interfaces", Physical Review A, 12, 2213, (1975). H. Ted Davis "Capillary waves and the mean field theory of interfaces", Journal of Chemical Physics, 67, 3636, (1977). Muhammad Sahimi, Barry D. Hughes, L.E. Scriven, H. Ted Davis "Real-space renormalization and effective-medium approximation to the percolation conduction problem", Physical Review B, 28, 307, (1983). Susan A. Somers, H. Ted Davis "Microscopic dynamics of fluids confined between smooth and atomically structured solid surfaces", Journal of Chemical Physics, 96, 5389, (1992). V. Gupta, S.S. Nivarthi, A.V. McCormick, H. Ted Davis "Evidence for single file diffusion of ethane in the molecular sieve AlPO4-5", Chemical Physics Letters, 247(4-6), 596-600, (1995). Robert S. Maier, Daniel M. Kroll, Robert S. Bernard, Stacy E. Howington, John F. Peters, and H. Ted Davis "Hydrodynamic dispersion in confined packed beds", Physics of Fluids, 15, 3795, (2003). Ted was also the author of two highly influential books: H. Ted Davis, Kendall T. Thomson"Linear Algebra and Linear Operators in Engineering: with Applications in Mathematica", 1st Edition 2000, Academic press. H. Ted Davis "Statistical Mechanics of Phases, Interfaces and Thin Films", 1st Edition 1996, Wiley-VCH References External links A Heritage of Excellence: the History of CEMS, UMN Minnesota Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Academic Tree - Ted Davis Category:1937 births Category:2009 deaths Category:University of Minnesota alumni Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:Chemical engineers Category:American materials scientists Category:20th-century American educators Category:University of Minnesota faculty Category:Minnesota CEMS Category:20th-century American engineers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Clone Republic The Clone Republic is the first book in the Clone series of novels, set in 2508 AD. It is followed by Rogue Clone, The Clone Alliance, The Clone Elite, The Clone Betrayal, The Clone Empire, The Clone Redemption, The Clone Sedition, The Clone Assassin, and The Clone Apocalypse. Plot In a galactic military largely consisting of clones raised to be unquestioning soldiers, Wayson Harris initially has difficulty as he seemingly isn't a clone and he does not follow orders as quickly. His first official posting, a desert planet named Gobi, seems like a punishment as there are problems with it such as poor discipline and contaminated drinking water. After Harris and a mercenary named Ray Freeman prevent an ex-general from killing all the marines and raiding the armory, Harris is promoted and transferred to the flagship Kamehameha. The Kamehameha deploys to the planet Ezer Kri, which is attempting to leave the Unified Authority and establish a nonstandard culture (namely, a Japanese one). After a platoon is killed by locals (they ignite a fuel pumping station), marines are ordered to occupy the largest town on the planet, where Harris runs into Freeman. Freeman sends another soldier back with Harris's helmet on, then leads Harris to the hotel across the street where they ambush Kline, a man they'd dealt with in Gobi, wielding a rifle that has been set to track Harris's helmet signal. During his interrogation, Kline is revealed to be a Morgan Atkins separatist (an influential terrorist group). Shortly thereafter, a fleet of separatist ships carrying the deserters from Ezer Kri flee from the planet before anyone can react. Characters Wayson Harris The protagonist of the book, born the (novel) year 2490, Wayson has better than average tactical skills and responds fast to orders for a human (though not fast enough to avoid some mild reprimands). He originally thinks he's the only human at the orphanage he came from, but it is later revealed he is a newly minted Liberator-class clone. He was created at Unified Authority Orphanage #553. Like all Liberator-class clones, he is engineered to be ambidextrous, but has a preference to be right handed. Vince Lee A clone who has partial realization that he is a clone, or at least enough doubts to make him worry that he will activate the gene that would kill him for that knowledge. He originally transfers Harris to the Kamehameha via shuttle, which is where they become friends. He is an avid bodybuilder and hates other clones. He ends up finding a way to suppress the death reflex by heavily abusing medications, and starts a small band of similarly realized clones. Ray Freeman A massive, tall, black, bald freelancer. In a time when race normally doesn't exist anymore, Ray really stands out. A humorless mercenary, Ray sometimes goes to extremes to get the knowledge he wants. His physical strength is roughly the strongest in the series, only potentially being matched by the Seal-class clones, though their fighting style relies less on brute strength and more on speed. He also has in his possession various types of robots and at least two ships, all heavily armoured and armed. He wears pitted and scratched up body armour over coveralls, made of stiff bulletproof canvas. Normally has an oversized particle beam pistol, a low yield grenade (described as only having the power to take out a few buildings) and a grenade launcher. He is described by Harris as being intimidating and having intensity radiate from him, and also has intimate knowledge of UA standard equipment. Tabor Shannon One of the last Liberator-class clones, Shannon is standoffish on duty, (being described as gruff, ruthless and profane by Harris) but is considerably more relaxed off duty. He is described physically as tall, thin and wiry, with steep shoulders, fine white hair and sunburned. He is presumably killed on Hubble in a type of cave in, trying to flush separatist enemies out. He is very self-sacrificing as an officer, and indeed, his last command was to try to save as many of his unit as possible, at cost of his own life. Captain Gaylan McKay Under Klyber, he had been given access to high-profile assignments, color guards, and generally bypassed many other officers despite his rank. He has an informal style of command, treating all as equals. He also is mindful of the equipment the soldiers use; something else uncommon for ranking officers. He explains this as being due to his visor once blacking out in the middle of a fight and him nearly shooting his commanding officer. This was later revealed to be part of a more elaborate way to retrieve the camera footage in Harris's helmet for study; allowing the UA to confirm who had attacked Gobi station. Fleet Admiral Bryce Klyber Klyber is the commanding officer of the Kamehameha. He is one of the highest decorated officers in history. He is described by Harris as looking incredibly gaunt and skeletal, the impression is that he could be physically snapped like a twig, but in contrast, his personality and charisma are very pronounced. The only black mark on his record is the Liberator clones he made, which ended up attacking whole worlds. He has an unusual style of command in that, while his fleet is up to date and generally devastating, his own personal command ship is currently the single oldest ship still in service. He has actually upgraded almost everything on the ship itself so that it can easily match anything the newer ships have, but because of its smaller profile and obsolete nature, it is continually underestimated. Admiral Robert Thurston A prodigy, Thurston bests Klyber in a simulated battle so effortlessly, that he gets to control the UA fleet and redesigns most of it. Most of the officers give him grudging respect. Admiral Che Huang Secretary of the Navy, Che Huang, in a bid to get more power, manages to overthrow Klyber and install his own man (Thurston) aboard the UA's flagship the Kamehameha. Hates Fleet Admiral Bryce Klyber because every Secretary of the Navy has had command of the Kamehameha except for him, also has a deep hating grudge against the Liberator clones because they were Klyber's idea. Kasara and Jennifer Two ladies that Harris and Lee met while in Honolulu. The pair had been saving up all year to go. Kasara is easily the more fun loving and reckless of the two, and is the one that suggested Harris to fight the Adam Boyd clone. Jennifer has a fling with Lee, and Kasara has a fling with Harris. Nearer the end of the book, there is a small mention that Kasara got married when she went back home, but it is debatable on if it lasted. They both are in the second book. Lector, Marshall, Saul three other liberators who also fought in the Galactic Eye and went around killing many people thus getting liberators banned. They also knew Klyber was making more Liberator Clones so they went around killing them but they could not find Harris until he was on the Kamehameha with Klyber. When they were discovered by Huang they were instantly put back into service under Thurston. Kline A pathetic fool who takes orders from Crowley which managed to get a grenade glued to his hand by Ray Freeman, which he later cut off because the grenade was timed, on Gobi and a rifle butt to the face when Harris takes the rifle from him before it locked on to his helmet to shoot, on Ezer Kri. Technology InterLink A type of catch-all media technology. Radio, TV, phone, email/internet all in either civilian headset form, or built into the bubblehead armor. Used frequently to communicate over large distances in civilian application, used as a squad radio in combat. Can be jammed and disabled fairly easily by experienced saboteurs. The civilian version is called mediaLink, and is essentially the same, but with no expectations of security. Cloning Most soldiers are clones, bred in vats, and raised in what the government calls orphanages. There are currently only three classes of clones; Liberator class, Seal class, and Bubblehead class. They are demonstrated is being able to have sexual intercourse, but none shown yet able to bear offspring. Part of their Neural Programming is that they would rather be "in the thick of it" than sitting around idle. Standard Clones The UA has countless clones, and for the most part, they are treated like expendable equipment. They wear combat armor, and are generally referred to as bubbleheads because of the shape of their helmets. They are all cut from the same helix and are unquestionably loyal, responding to orders before thinking about them. They are designed to think that they are not clones, and a gland in their bodies releases a deadly toxin into their blood, killing them instantly, if they ever accept that they are clones. This has been called the death reflex. SEAL Clones A new type of clone designed by Huang and Thurston. Harris calls them "Adam Boyd" after fighting against one, who had been given that name. Undersized, thin, and with clawed fingers, they are easily identified by a branding tattoo. The military uses an establishment in Hawaii to give them real fighting experience; each pretends to be 'Adam Boyd' and collectively they have only ever lost one fight, to Harris who killed the clone he fought. They are far faster than the standard clones, meant for guerrilla operations, assassinations, and surgical strikes. They have no death reflex. Liberator Clones These clones were originally bred to fight an unknown enemy in the Galactic Central War approximately 40 years before the start of the book. Liberator clones were designed with a special gland that releases a synthetic hormone during combat that gets them addicted to battle. Following the massacres on several planets by Liberators, this type of clone was outlawed, and all clones since then were bred with the death reflex. The history books refer to them as 'Liberators' because the more accurate 'Butchers' would have been too disrespectful. Particle Beam Pistol Extremely accurate pistol. Has roughly the same range as the m27 but has a higher armor penetration value. Can be set to self-destruct. Can be considered useless if there is enough particles and debris in the air. Is preferred in low gravity and thin air, but is unreliable in sandy locations as sand that gets trapped in the housing can scratch up the mirrors. Costs $2000 on the open market. Has internal components that have to be replaced on a regular basis. m27 A lightweight, standard issue assault rifle. This is the standard weapon for clones, as it is reliable and easy to maintain. It is depicted as being scoped, with a detachable rifle stock, Armored Transport "Kettle" Orbital dropship. Has effective atmospheric shields that burn ozone upon entry causing the cabin to smell bad and heat up. The name 'kettle' is not its specific name, nor the name of any one specific ship; it is the universal nickname given by all marines to the class of ships. Kamehameha (ship) The oldest ship to still be used in the UA standing army and the last of the Expansion-Class of fighter carrier. Continually upgraded by its commander, named after the Hawaiian king. Its age by comparison to the rest of the fleet makes it be continually underestimated by foes. This is normally a fatal error as the ship has the best shields possible, and has a weapons load out capable of matching, if not besting, any of the newest ships in the galaxy. Retrofitted to be modern, this is the flagship of roughly every commanding UA officer. Can carry approximately 2300 marines and 15 Armored Transports. Doctrinaire (ship) The newest ship, under the command of Klyber, a bat-winged shaped assault vessel. Roughly the biggest ship of the fleet, it was originally meant to be kept a secret. It has multiple launch bays and a fuel supply that takes up two-thirds of the remaining internal space because it has engines that are 5 times the size of those used on Perseus-Class fighter carriers. Self broadcasting. It is 2 miles wide, twice as wide as a Perseus-Class fighter carrier.It is that large that it needs Dual-Cold fusion reactors to power the onboard electrical systems. It has 13 decks, including the bridge. If one chose to walk from one of the two hangar bays to the bridge, it will take approximately 25 minutes. The Doctrinaire has two forward-facing fixed cannons that are used for bombarding stationary targets, that are both laser and particle beam enabled. The Doctrinaire also has 300 particle beam turrets, 20 missile stations and 15 torpedo stations positioned around its hull. The Doctrinaire has a complement of 280 Tomcat Fighters. Perseus-Class Fighter Carrier New class of fighter carrier which replaced the old Expansion-Class, like the Kamehameha. This class is 45 hundred feet long and 51 hundred feet wide, twice as big compared to the Expansion-Class. Can carry 11000 marines and can carry 3 times more tanks, transports, gunships and fighters than the Expansion-Class. Broadcasting A series of mirrors between Earth, Mars, and countless other destinations. In effect, it is essentially a relay transporter. Plans are found of the main facility among the Morgan Atkins separatists intel. Without the broadcasting array, countless worlds would not be able to sustain life for more than a few months. When destroyed later in the series, it causes galaxy wide panic, and many planets simply die off due to unsustainable populations having insufficient resources. Ships that Self-Broadcast capable need to be at least 1'000 miles from any Broadcast Discs to prevent causing any damage to the Discs. It is believed that Mogat (GEF - Galactic Eye Fleet) have been modified in some way not to have this effect. Reception Harold Goldberg writes that the book features "taut writing and a truly imaginative plot full of introspection and philosophizing." Clinton Lawrence of SciFi Weekly states, "The Clone Republic doesn't break any new ground, and sometimes it seems a bit derivative of earlier science fiction, but it has no serious flaws. Kent is a skillful storyteller, and the book entertains throughout." References Category:2006 novels Category:2006 science fiction novels Category:Berkley Books books	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of rural localities in Perm Krai This is a list of rural localities in Perm Krai. Perm Krai () is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. The city of Perm is the administrative center. Population: 2,635,276 (2010 Census). Alexandrovsky District Rural localities in Alexandrovsky District: Bashmaki Baza Bolshaya Vilva Bulatovo Chikman Galka Garnova Gora Ivakinsky Karyer Kamen Karyer Izvestnyak Klestovo Lytvensky Lyuzen Makhneva Malaya Vilva Nizhnyaya Podsludnoye Shumkovo Skopkortnaya Sukhaya Taly Ust-Igum Bardymsky District Rural localities in Bardymsky District: Akbash Amirovka Barda Bichurino Sarashi Yelpachikha Beryozovsky District Rural localities in Beryozovsky District: Antonkovo Asovo Bartovo Bartym Basargi Bateriki Baykino Bereznik Berezovaya Gora Beryozovka Borodino Brod Demidyata Fedotovo Galashino Gladkovo Issinyayevo Karnaukhovo Karnaukhovo Kharino Klyapovo Klychi Kopchikovo Kostyata Machino Machino Makhtyata Malaya Sosnovka Malyshi Markovo Martely Metalnikovo Misilyata Molyobka Nizhniye Isady Osinovo Palnik Pechatka Pentyurino Perebor Pirozhkovo Plotnikovo Podperebor Podvoloshino Pokrovka Polchata Polushkino Potanitsy Pozdyanka Pronosnoye Puzdrino Ryazany Ryzhkovo Samokhino Saya Sazhino Selezni Shakva Shestaki Shishkino Shulgino Shumkovo Sosnovka Sosnovka Starkovo Taranysh Tarnaboyevo Taz Russky Taz Tatarsky Timyata Tokmany Tulumbasy Tuyasy Urai Uraskovo Vanino Vankino Verkhniye Isady Vilisovo Volodino Yaburovo Yepishata Yermolino Zaborye Zernino Bolshesosnovsky District Rural localities in Bolshesosnovsky District: Baklushi Berdyshevo Bolshaya Sosnova Bolshiye Kizeli Burdino Cherknukhi Chernovskoye Chistoperevoloka Dolgany Drobiny Gari Gladky Mys Kiprino Klenovka Kolokolovo Kozhino Krasny Yar Krasnyye Gorki Kuzino Kuznetsy Lisya Lyagushino Lykovo Lyovino Malaya Sosnova Malinovka Malyye Kizeli Marasany Medvedevo Nizhny Lyp Osinovka Permyaki Petropavlovsk Pichugi Pikuli Ploska Polozovo Pozory Razvily Russky Lem Seletki Shamary Sivinskoye Solody Stafiyata Stary Lyp Tarakanovo Toykino Vakhrino Vary Verkh-Potka Verkh-Shestaya Yasnaya Polyana Yurkovo Yuzhny Zabolotovo Zachernaya Zagibovka Zhelnino Chastinsky District Rural localities in Chastinsky District: Chastye Chaykovsky Rural localities in Chaykovsky urban okrug: Alnyash Amaneyevo Bolshoy Bukor Bormist Burenka Dubovaya Foki Kauchuk Kemul Kirillovka Maly Bukor Markovo Mokhovaya Nekrasovo Opary Prikamsky Romanyata Rusalevka Sarapulka Sosnovo Stepanovo Uralskoye Vanki Vassyata Vekoshinka Zasechny Zipunovo Cherdynsky District Rural localities in Cherdynsky District: Abog Ambor Bayandina Baydary Bigichi Bolshaya Anikovskaya Bolshiye Doldy Bolshoy Kikus Bondyug Buldyrya Iskor Istok Kamgort Kiryanova Kolchug Kolva Kornino Kupchik Kurgan Kushmangort Limezh Lobanikha Malyye Doldy Marusheva Nizhneye Kerchevo Nizhny Shaksher Olkhovka Petretsovo Pilva Pokcha Redikor Ryabinino Savina Shishigino Urol Ust-Urolka Valay Verkhneye Kerchevo Verkhnyaya Kolva Vilisova Vizhaikha Vizhay Yaranina Yezova Chernushinsky District Rural localities in Chernushinsky District: Agarzinsky Agarzya Aminkay Ananyino Anastasino Andronovo Ashsha Atnyashka Azinsky Baranovo Bedryazh Berezovka Bikulka Bizyar Bogatovka Bolshoy Bereznik Bolshoy Ulyk Bolshoy Yug Bolshoye Kachino Brod Demenyovo Detkino Gari Ivanovka Kalinovka Kamennyye Klyuchi Kapkan Karamorka Kazantsevo Komarovo Korobeyniki Kuznetsovo Leninsky Lysaya Gora Malanichi Nikolayevsky Nizhny Kozmyash Nizhnyaya Kuba Olkhovka Orekhovaya Gora Osinovaya Gora Pavlovka Pokrovka Rakino Ryabki Sludka Srednyaya Kuba Strezh Sulmash Tanypskiye Klyuchi Taush Teklovka Temnoye Troitsk Trun Trun Trushniki Tyuy Ulyanovka Ustinovo Verkh-Kiga Verkh-Yemash Verkhny Kozmyash Vinokurovo Yemash-Pavlovo Yermiya Yesaul Yetysh Zverevo Chusovoy Rural localities in Chusovoy urban okrug: Syola Uspenka Dobryanka Rural localities in Dobryanka urban okrug: Divya Dobryansky District Rural localities in Dobryansky District: 29 km 5 km Adishchevo Batashata Berdnikovshchina Besmelyata Besovo Bobki Bobki Bobovaya Bolshoye Spitsino Bolshoye Zapolye Bor-Lyonva Borodkino Borovkovo Boyanovo Chyolva Fominka Gari Golubyata Gorodishche Gory Gryaznukha Gurino Ivanovka Kamsky Kanyuki Klyuchi Komarovo Konets Gor Kononovo Konstantinovka Korolevo Krasnaya Sludka Krasnoye Krutikovo Kukhtym Kukhtym Kuligino Kulikovo Kunya Kyzh Kyzh Lipovo Lunezhki Lyabovo Merkushevo Milkovo Mokhovo Monastyr Mutnaya Mutnaya Nekhayka Nikulino Nikulyata Nizhneye Krasnoye Nizhneye Zadolgoye Nizhny Lukh Oktyabrsky Olkhovka Omelichi Pakhnino Palniki Patraki Penki Pomortsevo Rassokhi Rodniki Rogovik Shemeti Shkaryata Sofronyata Tabory Tabory Talitsa Tikhaya Traktovy Tulka Tyus Ust-Shalashnaya Vetlyany Vilva Visim Yaganyata Yarino Yarino Yaroslavshchina Yelniki Yershovka Zaborye Zakharovtsy Zalesnaya Zavozhik Zvony Gaynsky District Rural localities in Gaynsky District: Ankudinovo Bazuyevo Chazhegovo Churtan Danilovo Gayny Imasy Isayevo Kasimovka Kebraty Keros Kharino Krasnoyary Krasny Yar Lel Lunym Modorobo Monastyr Nikonovo Onyl Pugvin Mys Serebryanka Seyva Shipitsino Shordyn Sosnovaya Tiunovo Tyla Ust-Chukurya Ust-Chyornaya Ust-Veslyana Vaskino Verkhny Budym Verkhnyaya Staritsa Yelevo Zhemchuzhny Gornozavodsky District Rural localities in Gornozavodsky District: Biser Koyva Laki Srednyaya Usva Ust-Koyva Ust-Tiskos Ust-Tyrym Vilva Vizhay Yevropeyskaya Gremyachinsky Rural localities in Gremyachinsky urban okrug: Baseg Bezgodovo Shumikhinsky Yubileyny Zagotovka Gubakhinsky Rural localities in Gubakhinsky urban okrug: Klyuchi Nagornsky Parma Shestaki Ilyinsky District Rural localities in Ilyinsky District: Ilyinsky Ivanovskoye Podbornaya Karagaysky District Rural localities in Karagaysky District: Karagay Kotelniki Kozmodemyansk Mendeleyevo Nizhny Kushcher Obvinsk Yarino Kishertsky District Rural localities in Kishertsky District: Andreyevo Borovchata Brazhata Burylovo Byrma Chechenino Chernoyarskaya Odina Chyorny Yar Dom otkykha 'Krasny Yar' Fomichi Gari Garino Ilyata Kordon Korsaki Lebedyata Lyok Makaryata Mazuyevka Mecha Medvedovo Molyobka Nizkoye Osintsevo Parunovo Pashyovo Petryata Posad Seda Shamaryata Shumkovo Spaso-Barda Sukhoy Log Ust-Kishert Verkhnyaya Opalikha Verkhnyaya Solyanka Yevdokino Kizel Rural localities in Kizel urban okrug: Severny-Kospashsky Shakhta Kochyovsky District Rural localities in Kochyovsky District: Abramovka Akilovo Arkhipovo Bazhovo Belenkovo Bogolyubovo Bolshaya Kocha Bolshoy Palnik Borino Buzhdym Demidovka Durovo Dyoma Dyomino Gaintsevo Gordeyevo Khazovo Kochyovo Krasnaya Kurya Kukushka Kuzmyno Kyshka Lobozovo Lyagayevo Mara-Palnik Maraty Maskal Mitino Moskvino Oktyabrsky Oshovo Otopkovo Oy-Pozhum Palkoyag Parmaylovo Pelym Petrushino Petukhovo Polozayka Proshino Puzym Pystogovo Salnikovo Sepol Serva Shansherevo Shipitsino Shorsha Sizovo Slepoyevo Syulkovo Tarasovo Tashka Tubyzovo Urya Urzha Ust-Onolva Ust-Silayka Ust-Yancher Vaskino Vershinino Vezhayka Vorobyovo Yukseyevo Zapoltsevo Zuyevo Zyryanovo Kosinsky District Rural localities in Kosinsky District: Abramovo Bachmanovo Baranovo Chazyovo Chirkovo Churaki Dederuy Demidovo Denino Fomichevo Gavrikovo Gorki Gortlud Grishkino Karchyoy Kirshino Kordon Kosa Krasnobay Krivtsy Levichi Loch-Say Lyampino Maskali Mys Natyaino Nesoli Nizhnyaya Kosa Novaya Svetlitsa Novoye Gushchino Novozhilovo Odan Panino Peklayb Podgora Podyachevo Poroshevo Puksib Pyatigory Pydosovo Solym Sosnovka Sredneye Bachmanovo Staroye Gushchino Trifanovo Ust-Kosa Varysh Verkh-Lel Voyvyl Zinkovo Krasnovishersky District Rural localities in Krasnovishersky District: Akchim Antipina Arefina Bakhari Berezovaya Staritsa Boloto Bulatovo Bychina Danilov Lug Grishina Gubdor Ivachina Konovalova Kotomysh Mutikha Naberezhny Nizhneye Zapolye Nizhnyaya Bychina Nizhnyaya Yazva Oralovo Parshakova Rategova Romanikha Severny Kolchim Seysmopartiya Simanova Storozhevaya Sypuchi Sysoyeva Talavol Tsepel Ust-Yazva Vankova Vaya Vels Verkh-Yazva Verkhneye Zapolye Visherogorsk Volynka Yaborova Yegorova Zagovorukha Zolotanka Kudymkarsky District Rural localities in Kudymkarsky District: Alekova Alexandrova Alexeyevka Amonova Ananyeva Andriyanova Andropova Anikina Antonova Arazayeva Arefyeva Arkhipova Artamonova Bagrova Balkachi Baranova Baranova Batina Beloyevo Berezovka Bolka Bolshaya Serva Bolshaya Sidorova Borisova Bormotova Boyarskaya Brazhkina Bryushinina Burlova Buslayeva Bystry Chakileva Chashchilova Chaverina Cheremnova Chukyleva Danshina Demina Demino Derskanova Devina Dodonova Erna Fadeyeva Fedotova Filayeva Gabova Galina Galyukova Ganina Gavrilova Gavrukova Gayshor Golubkova Gordina Grishuneva Gurina Gurina Gyrova Ilyichi Isakova Ivankova Ivashkova Ivukova Kalinina Kalinina Kamashor Kanamova Karbas Karp-Vaskina Karpina Kazarina Kekur Kekur Kharina Kharinova Kiprusheva Kirshina Klyuch-Mys Klyuchi Kokorina Konanova Konina Konshina Korchevnya Koroleva Koshtanova Kosogor Kosogor Kosva Kovylyaeva Kozhina Kozlova Kozlova Kukshinova Kurdyukova Kuva Kuzmina Kuzolova Kuzva Leleva Leninsk Levina Levina Loginova Lopatina Lopvador Lyachkanova Malakhova Malakhova Malaya Serva Malaya Sidorova Maltseva Martina Martyusheva Maximova Mazunina Mechkor Melekhina Minyadyn Mironova Mish-Piyan Miteva Mizhuyeva Molova Mosheva Moskvina Muchaki Mukmarova Nelsina Nepina Nesterova Nikolichi Novaya Shlyapina Novoselova Novoselovsky Lesouchastok Novozhilova Oshib Oshova Osipova Osipova Ostapova Otevo Paleva Paleva Panya Panyashor Parfenova Parfenova Parshakova Patrukova Perkova Pershina Peshnigort Petukhova Pidayeva Pikhtovka Piter Pleshkova Plotnikova Pochkina Podgora Podvolochnaya Polva Ponosova Porskokova Proneva Pronina Pronina Pronina Pruddor Putoyeva Pyatina Rakshina Razina Rektanova Rocheva Rodeva Rodina Rodina Romanova Sadovaya Safonkova Samkovo Sanyukova Saranina Savina Savina Seleva Senina Senina Senkashor Sergeyeva Sergina Shaburova Shadrina Sharvol Shaydyrova Shipitsyna Shoryyv Sidorova Sidorova Sidorshor Silina Silina Sizeva Sludina Sordva Spasova Staraya Kuzva Staraya Shlyapina Stepanova Sylvozh Systerova Syuz-Pozya Tarasova Tarova Taskayeva Tebenkova Tikhonyata Tikhy Trapezniki Tretyeva Trosheva Trosheva Tsybyan Uchat-Zon Uchkhoz Vaganova Valkova Vas-Palnik Vaseva Vasilyevka Vaskina Gar Vasyukova Vasyukova Vazh-Chigas Vazh-Palnik Vazh-Pashnya Velva-Baza Verkh-Buzhdom Verkh-Inva Verkh-Yusva Vesyoly Mys Vezhayka Vil-Chigas Vil-Chukyleva Vil-Konanova Vil-Shulay Vil-Zhukova Vizyay Vnukova Vyrova Yagodina Yakina Yarasheva Yegichi Yegorova Yepanova Yeremushkina Yermakova Yershova Yevdokimova Yevsina Yogva Yunga Zakharova Zapolye Zapolye Zarechny Peshnigort Zhak-Klyuch Zhivyye Zyulganova Kungursky District Rural localities in Kungursky District: Bym Kalinino Komsomolsky Shadeyka Kuyedinsky District Rural localities in Kuyedinsky District: Alnyash Baraban Bolshaya Usa Bolshiye Kusty Bolshoy Gondyr Bolshoy Talmaz Gozhan Kalmiyary Kirga Kitryum Kuyeda Novy Shagirt Oshya Soyuz Stary Shagirt Tsentralnaya Usadba 3-go Goskonezavoda Udmurt-Shagirt Verkh-Gondyr Verkhyaya Sava Lysva Rural localities in Lysva urban okrug: Kyn Kyn Nevidimka Nytvensky District Rural localities in Nytvensky District: Mokino Novokoshkino Okhansky District Rural localities in Okhansky District: Ostrozhka Oktyabrsky District Rural localities in Oktyabrsky District: Samarova Shchuchye Ozero Yenapayevo Ordinsky District Rural localities in Ordinsky District: Orda Permsky District Rural localities in Permsky District: Alebastrovo Alexiki Anikino Bakharevka Balandino Bashkultayevo Baskiye Baybolovka Bereg Kamy Bereg Kamy Bereznik Berezniki Bershet Bizyar Boldino Bolgary Bolshakino Bolshaya Mos Bolshoy Burtym Bolshoye Savino Brody Bulanki Bykovka Byrma Chebaki Chelyaba Chuvaki Chyornaya Denisyata Deriby Dikaya Gar Dubrovo Dvortsovaya Sludka Fedotovo Ferma Fomichi Froly Gamovo Gamy Gari Garyushki Glushata Gora Gorbunovo Gorshki Gorskaya Gribanovo Gruzdi Gusyata Kachka Kanabekovo Kapidony Karasye Kashino Kasimovo Kazantsy Kety Khokhlovka Khristoforovka Kichanovo Klestyata Klyuchi Klyuchiki Kochkino Koltsovo Kolyady Komarovo Kommuna Kondratovo Kosogory Kosoturikha Kostaryata Koyanovo Kozybayevo Krasava Krasny Voskhod Krokhovo Kukushtan Kuliki Kultayevo Kurashim Lesouchastok 831 Lipaki Lobanovo Lozhki Lugovaya Lugovaya Lyady Malaya Maloye Savino Maly Burtym Malyye Klestyata Martyanovo Merkushevo Mishurna Mokino Molokovo Morgali Moskvyata Mostovaya Mostovaya Mulyanka Murashi Mysy Nazarovo Nestyukovo Nikulino Nizhniye Mully Nizhny Palnik Novoilyinskoye Novy Odina Ogryzkovo Oktyabrsky Olkhovka Olkhovka Osentsy Pany Pashnya Pazderino Pesyanka Petrovka Petryakhino Petushki Pishchalnikovo Plishki Poludennaya Polyudovo Protasy Rassolino Rassolnaya Rastyagayevo Rozhdestvenskoye Russkoye Pole Sakmary Savenki Sevastyany Shilovo Shirpy Shondikha Shugurovka Shulgino Shumki Shuvayata Sibir Simonki Skobelevka Sofrony Sokol Staroverovo Stashkovo Stepanovo Strashnaya Sukhaya Sukho-Platoshino Sukhobizyarka Suzdaly Sylva Syro-Platoshino Taranki Tayozhny Tishkino Troitsa Tupitsa Ust-Kachka Ust-Kurashim Ust-Pizya Ust-Tary Ustinovo Vanyuki Vashury Vasilyevka Vazelyata Verkh-Rechka Verkh-Rechki Verkh-Syra Verkhnyaya Khokhlovka Verkhnyaya Rassolnaya Yakunchiki Yanychi Yasyri Yermashi Yermozy Yezhi Yug Yugo-Kamsky Zaboloto Zaborye Zagrishinskoye Zamarayevo Zamulyanka Zaosinovo Zaozerye Zaozerye Zapolye Zarechnaya Zarechnaya Zavedeniye Zaykovo Zhebrei Zhilya Zubki Sivinsky District Rural localities in Sivinsky District: Severny Kommunar Siva Solikamsky District Rural localities in Solikamsky District: Basim Chashkina Chyornoye Geologorazvedka Gorodishche Kasib Krasny Bereg Lyzib Maloye Gorodishche Nikino Nizhneye Moshevo Osokino Polovodovo Rodniki Sim Tokhtuyeva Tyulkino Urolka Usovsky Verkhneye Moshevo Vilva Volodino Zaton Suksunsky District Rural localities in Suksunsky District: Kamenka Klyuchi Pepelyshi Sasykovo Uinsky District Rural localities in Uinsky District: Ishteryaki Uinskoye Usolsky District Rural localities in Usolsky District: Romanovo Taman Zheleznodorozhny Vereshchaginsky District Rural localities in Vereshchaginsky District: Ageyevo Andronovka Boroduli Borodulino Borshchyovtsy Buzynyata Cherepanovo Denisovka Durovo Fedyashino Gavryukhino Gudyri Kalinichi Katayevo Klyuchi Kozhevniki Krutiki Kukety Kungur Kuzminka Kuznetsovo Lazarevo Leushkanovo Loginovo Lukino Martely Minino Moskvyata Nizhniye Garevskiye Nizhniye Khomyaki Oshchepkovo Posad Putino Putino Pyankovo Ryabiny Saltykovo Sarachi Sepych Shavrino Sidoryata Sivkovo Sobolyata Strizhi Subbotniki Tolkovyata Tyurikovo Volegi Volegovo Zakharyata Zapolye Zaytsy Yelovsky District Rural localities in Yelovsky District: Bryukhovo Druzhnaya Pankovo Plishkino Shuldikha Yelovo Zonovo Yurlinsky District Rural localities in Yurlinsky District: Berezova Bolshaya Polovina Bukreyeva Chugaynov Khutor Chuzhya Demidova Dubrovka Ivanovskaya Kelich Komsomolsky Pestereva Podkina Pozh Syuzva Titova Ust-Berezovka Ust-Zula Verkhnyaya Lobanova Vyatchina Yeloga Yum Yurla Yusvinsky District Rural localities in Yusvinsky District: Arkhangelskoye Artamonovo Asanovo Bazhino Galyasher Kharino Kupros Maykor Pochasher Pozhva Timino Yusva Zhiginovo See also Lists of rural localities in Russia References * Perm Krai	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John H. Hays John Henry Hays (4 August 1844 – 27 January 1904) was a veteran of the American Civil War and recipient of the Medal of Honor. Biography Hays was born in Ohio, but moved to the state of Iowa at the age of fifteen. He worked on his family’s farm for the next three years. In 1862, Hays volunteered to join the Union Army. He was injured multiple times throughout the war, surviving a gunshot wound to his left thumb and being struck by debris from a falling bridge. Battle of Columbus On April 16, 1865, seven days following the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House, Hays marched on Columbus, Georgia to secure the city’s naval yards, weapons factories and supply depots. During the ensuing battle, Hays stormed a bridge over the Chattahoochee River and helped to capture a fort guarding it. During the battle for the fort, Hays captured the flag and the flag bearer of an Austin Battery stationed there. He received the Medal of Honor for this act. Citation Later life Hays returned to his family farm following the conclusion of the Civil War. However, he left to open a blacksmith shop in Greenfield, Iowa in 1868. He later moved to Troy, Idaho in 1888 and opened a new blacksmith shop. The shop was ultimately destroyed in a fire. Hays began prospecting following the destruction of his shop and experienced some success at mining for silver. In 1894, Hays was appointed City Marshall of Troy. Death On January 27, 1904, Hays attempted to arrest Paine Sly for domestic disturbance. Sly killed Hays in the ensuing shoot-out. Although fatally wounded, Hays returned fire and was able to injure Sly. Sly was later convicted of second-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. References Category:1844 births Category:1904 deaths Category:People from Jefferson County, Ohio Category:People from Greenfield, Iowa Category:People from Latah County, Idaho Category:Union Army soldiers Category:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients Category:American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Żaby, Łódź Voivodeship Żaby is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobryszyce, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately north of Dobryszyce, north of Radomsko, and south of the regional capital Łódź. References Category:Villages in Radomsko County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
EIF3G Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (eIF3g) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF3G gene. Interactions EIF3G has been shown to interact with Band 4.1, EIF3C and EIF3A. See also Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) References Further reading	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dover Kosashvili Dover Kosashvili (, ; born 8 December 1966) is an Israeli film director and screenwriter of Georgian-Jewish descent. He has directed five films since 1998. His film Late Marriage was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. Filmography Im Hukim (1998) Hatuna Meuheret (Late Marriage) (2001) Matana MiShamayim (A Gift from the Sky) (2003) Infiltration (2009) The Duel (2010) Ravaka Plus (Single Plus) (2012) Zug Yonim (Love Birds) (2017) References External links Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Israeli film directors Category:Israeli screenwriters Category:Film directors from Georgia (country) Category:Screenwriters from Georgia (country) Category:Israeli people of Georgian-Jewish descent	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
MegaCityHipHop.Com Compilation The MegaCityHipHop.Com Compilation was the first release by Mega City Hip Hop, which is a website dedicated to hip hop in Toronto, Ontario. Released on August 1, 2008, it featured a variety of artists from the Toronto area. Track listing 1. Roti – Good Morning Toronto (prod. Jmilla Productions) 2. Sporadic – Foundation (prod. Tyme) 3. KJ – Couple Dollars (ft. Castkit & Dylon) (prod. Dylon) 4. General – Black Spaceship (prod. Rush) 5. Freeze – You Can Never Get Too High (ft. Doxx, Psy & Young Fam) (prod. Freeze) 6. Adversaree – You Ain't Never (prod. Sinima Beats) 7. Eternia – The Mega (prod. M-Phazes) 8. Rhythmicru – Smoke the Night Away (prod. D-Ray) 9. Angerville – Dear Dad (prod. Gamshooter) 10. The Impressionistz – Fake Art (ft. Sharky) (prod. Lazy Ace) 11. Mike Alan – What You Want (ft. Promise) (prod. Mike Alan) 12. Tru-Paz – Hotel Hell (prod. DJ Unknown) 13. Cale Sampson – Fed Up (prod. Classified) 14. Mic Boogie – You Should (ft. Renny Holladae) (prod. Bazill "Rush" McIntosh) External links Mega City Hip Hop website RapReviews.com review Exclaim! review Urbnet review Category:2008 compilation albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Island-class patrol vessel (2013) The Island-class is a class of Police patrol boat operated primarily by the MOD Police Clyde Marine Unit at HMNB Clyde. They are tasked with protecting high value Royal Navy ships such as the Vanguard-class submarines. Royal Marines currently operate two of the class Mull and Rona- which are MoD Police boats that currently serve as RM vessels and were handed over to the Royal Marines during 2013. Rona and Mull are interchangeable in their roles and can be used by both RM and MDP. The RMs also have a third vessel named Eorsa. Specifications The Island-class patrol vessel has the following specifications: Weight (full): 20,000 kg (20 tonnes) Length: Width : Speed: Endurance: In excess of Crew: 3 Armament: Weapon mounts for GPMGs, GMGs and HMGs Current Fleet MoD Police Gigha (Portsmouth Marine Unit)' Iona Skye Lismore Barra Harris Lewis (Portsmouth Marine Unit)JuraTiree Royal MarinesMullRona Eorsa'' See also MoD Police List of active Royal Marines military watercraft References External links Image of an Island-class patrol vessel at UK Armed Forces Commentary (blogspot.ie) Category:Royal Marines Category:Military boats	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
KNOMAD The Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD) is an initiative of the World Bank that describes itself as "envisaged to be a global hub of knowledge and policy expertise on migration and development issues." The goal is to have it work in close collaboration with the Global Forum on Migration and Development and the Global Migration Group. History KNOMAD grew out of the World Bank's earlier efforts to compile data on migration and remittances; the goal with KNOMAD was to make the process more systematic and encompass a wider range of measures related to migration. KNOMAD's inception phase was May 2011-April 2013. During this time, it held consultations with governments, civil society organizations, the private sector, and academics. It organized global experts' meetings in December 2012 in Geneva and Washington D.C.. As part of the inception process, Dilip Ratha, KNOMAD's CEO, shared thoughts on KNOMAD's role in shaping future policy in a blog post for the World Bank's People Move blog. KNOMAD was announced by the World Bank on April 19, 2013. It entered a five-year implementation phase in May 2013. KNOMAD has collaborated with diverse organizations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Paris workshop, December 2013) and the United Nations Development Programme (specifically, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research). A number of seminars, conferences, and workshops have been held by KNOMAD in collaboration with other agencies and institutions to further its agenda. Funding The KNOMAD is funded by a multi-donor trust fund set up by the World Bank. The largest contributors are the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (Germany). People Dilip Ratha, the CEO of KNOMAD, is also Manager of the Migration and Remittances Unit of the Migrating out of Poverty initiative of the Department for International Development in the United Kingdom as well as the host of the People Move blog of the World Bank. Research areas KNOMAD has working groups in the following twelve areas: Data on migration and remittance flows: The focus here is on improving the availability, accessibility, and scope of data collection as well as establishing and harmonizing data and quality standards. Skilled labor migration: The focus here is on understanding how skilled migration can best support development, and how the human capital of workers can be augmented in both sending and receiving countries. Low-skilled labor migration: The focus here is on determining the appropriate mix of policies affecting low-skilled migration, both temporary and permanent, determining how low-skilled migration interacts with regional integration, and understanding the implications of low-skilled migration for social and economic development. Integration issues in host communities: The focus here is on understanding what categories of migrants should be targeted by integration policies, how integration policies can best be designed to meet stakeholders' needs and values of diversity and freedom, and how integration affects development in sending countries through remittances. Policy and institutional coherence: Migration, security and development Migrant rights and social aspects of migration Demographic changes and migration Remittances, including access to finance and capital markets Mobilizing diaspora resources as agents of social and economic change Environmental change and migration Internal migration and urbanization It also identifies four cross-cutting themes for its work: The four cross-cutting themes are: Gender Monitoring and impact evaluation Capacity building Public perceptions and communications References External links Category:Migration-related organizations based in the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Playhouse Disney (Hong Kong TV channel) Playhouse Disney Hong Kong is a Playhouse Disney-branded pay cable television channel for viewers in Hong Kong based in Kowloon Peninsula and is available in three national languages: English, Cantonese and Chinese. This channel is only available on Cable TV Hong Kong in Hong Kong on Channel 136, Now TV in Hong Kong on Channel 442 and HKBN bbTV in Hong Kong on Channel 312. The old name for Playhouse Disney Hong Kong was Disney Channel Asia. English, Cantonese and Chinese are available 24-hours in daily. Playhouse Disney Hong Kong's main competitors are Hong Kong Disneyland. Lindsay Lohan was the ambassador for Playhouse Disney Hong Kong. Availability Category:Television stations in Hong Kong Category:Television channels and stations established in 2005 Category:2005 establishments in Hong Kong Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2011 Category:2011 disestablishments in Hong Kong	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Fortress of Solitude The Fortress of Solitude is a fictional fortress appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Superman. A place of solace and occasional headquarters for Superman, the fortress is typically depicted as being in frozen tundra, away from civilization. Its predecessor, Superman's "Secret Citadel", first appeared in Superman #17, where it was said to be built into a mountain on the outskirts of Metropolis. By issue #58 (May–June 1949) it is referred to as the Fortress of Solitude, seems at a glance to be a freestanding castle, and is said to be located in a "polar waste". When the Fortress reappears in 1958 and for the first time takes center stage in a story ("The Super-Key to Fort Superman", Action Comics #241), it is again an underground complex in a mountainous cliffside. Traditionally, the Fortress of Solitude is located in the Arctic, though more recent versions of the Superman comics have placed the Fortress in other locations, including the Antarctic, the Andes, and the Amazon rainforest. The general public in Superman's world is either unaware or at best only vaguely aware of the existence of the Fortress, and its location is kept secret from all but Superman's closest friends and allies (such as Lois Lane and Batman). A trademark of the Fortress is that it contains a memorial statue of Jor-El and Lara, Superman's Kryptonian parents, holding a large globe of Krypton. Although Superman has living quarters at the Fortress, his main residence is still Clark Kent's apartment in Metropolis. The arctic Fortress of Solitude concept was first created for pulp hero Doc Savage during the 1930s. Original version The concept and name "Fortress of Solitude" first appeared in the Doc Savage pulps in the 1930s and 1940s. Doc Savage built his Fortress of Solitude in the Arctic and retreated to it alone in order to make new scientific or medical breakthroughs, and to store dangerous technology and other secrets. The Golden Age Superman did not have an arctic fortress, but instead a "mountain sanctuary" which was located in a mountain range on the outskirts of Metropolis. Here, Superman kept a diary, oversized tools for various projects, and other equipment and trophies. Superman's Silver Age Fortress, which debuted in 1958, was also located in the Arctic and served similar purposes. Built into the side of a steep cliff, the Fortress was accessible through a large gold-colored door with a giant keyhole, which required an enormous key to open it. The arrow-shaped key was so large that only Superman (or another Kryptonian such as Supergirl) could lift it; when not in use, the key sat on a perch outside of the Fortress, where it appeared to be an aircraft path marker. This was until a helicopter pilot followed the direction of the arrow straight to the entrance of the Fortress, forcing Superman to develop a cloak to camouflage the entrance and key (which now hung on brackets on its side beside the door) and to ensure the Fortress's secrecy. The Fortress contained an alien zoo, a giant steel diary in which Superman wrote his memoirs (using either his invulnerable finger, twin hand touch pads that record thoughts instantly, or heat vision to engrave entries into its pages), a chess-playing robot, specialized exercise equipment, a laboratory where Superman worked on various projects such as developing defenses to kryptonite, a (room-sized) computer, communications equipment, and rooms dedicated to all of his friends, including one for Clark Kent to fool visitors. As the stories continued, it was revealed that the Fortress was where Superman's robot duplicates were stored. It also contained the Phantom Zone projector, various pieces of alien technology he had acquired on visits to other worlds, and, much like the Batcave, trophies of his past adventures. Indeed, the Batcave and Batman himself made an appearance in the first Fortress story. The Fortress also became the home of the bottle city of Kandor (until it was enlarged), and an apartment in the Fortress was set aside for Supergirl. A detailed depiction of the Fortress and its contents forms the background to DC Special Series #26 (1981); "Superman and his Incredible Fortress of Solitude", in which Superman minutely inspects the Fortress, suspecting an enemy has planted an Earth-destroying bomb within it. Another noteworthy appearance of this version of the Fortress was in 1985's Superman Annual #11, a story by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons titled "For the Man Who Has Everything", in which it served as a battleground for Superman, Batman, Robin, and Wonder Woman against the alien would-be overlord Mongul. This story was adapted to animation in Justice League Unlimited. In addition to Mongul, the Fortress has been independently broken into at various times by villains Lex Luthor and Brainiac (comic appearing in Action Comics #583 and Superman #423) and the Atomic Skull, among others. According to Action Comics #261, Superman first established secret Fortresses in outer space and at the center of the Earth before settling on an Arctic location. Additionally, Superman established an undersea Fortress of Solitude – hollowed out of the side of an undersea cliff – in September 1958. The undersea Fortress, which is reportedly located at the bottom of the Sargasso Sea at 28 degrees North latitude, 50 degrees West longitude, is stocked with numerous exotic ocean relics and is equipped with sophisticated monitoring apparatus to enable Superman to keep abreast of events occurring throughout the seven seas. Superman later abandoned the undersea Fortress and the structure is now used by the mer-people of Atlantis as a showplace and a tourist attraction. The original version of the Fortress of Solitude made its last appearance in the 1986 non-canonical (or "imaginary") story "Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?". In this story, under constant attacks by returning foes, Superman goes to ground inside the Fortress, taking his closest friends with him for their protection. The villainous android Brainiac soon besieges the Fortress with various allies, surrounding it and the outlying territory with an impenetrable force field to keep Superman's fellow heroes from aiding him. Superman ultimately defeats his true adversary, Mister Mxyzptlk, but then, as he was forced to kill him, he abandons the Fortress to freeze to death in the Arctic cold after ostensibly exposing himself to gold kryptonite to remove his powers. Post-Crisis versions In John Byrne's 1986 Man of Steel miniseries, which re-wrote various aspects of the Superman mythos, the Clark Kent persona was described as a "Fortress of Solitude", in that it allowed him to live as the ordinary person he saw himself as and leave the world-famous super-hero behind. This concept was often invoked in later stories, and one story featured Superman hiding his secret identity from a telepath behind a door identical to that of the pre-Crisis Fortress. By that time, however, a more physical Fortress had been reintroduced. In Action Comics Annual #2 (1989), Superman, on a self-imposed exile to space, was entrusted with a Kryptonian artifact called the Eradicator, created by his ancestor Kem-El. Dedicated to preserving Krypton, this device built a new Fortress in the Antarctic as a precursor to recreating Krypton on Earth. Superman broke the Eradicator's control, but maintained the Fortress as a useful location for emergencies. The first appearance of this new post-Crisis version of the Fortress was in Adventures of Superman #461 (Dec. 1989). It contained many artifacts from the post-Crisis version of Krypton, most notably a number of robot servitors (one of whom, Kelex, became a trusted confidant) and a battlesuit from the Third Age of Krypton. This Fortress was cast into the Phantom Zone as a result of a battle between Superman, Lex Luthor, and Dominus, a villain who played with Superman's mind and who was also trapped in the Phantom Zone. It did, however, serve as the template for the next Fortress, built by Steel, which was an extradimensional space accessed through a vast puzzle-globe. The now-mobile Fortress was relocated somewhere in the Andes. In the DC One Million series (1998), Superman's Fortress of Solitude in the 853rd Century resides within a tesseract located at the center of Earth's sun. By this time, Superman has lived in self-imposed exile within the Fortress for over 15,000 years. During the "For Tomorrow" story arc in 2004–05 Superman comics, Wonder Woman breached the Fortress in an attempt to confront Superman, causing the Fortress to self-destruct. Superman subsequently established a new Fortress in an ancient temple on a remote village in the Cordillera del Cóndor Mountains, on the border of Ecuador and Peru. This version of the Fortress is visually similar to the earliest "Secret Citadel" from Superman #17. The final version of the post-Crisis Fortress was home to Krypto and his dog-sitter Ned (the last remaining Superman robot), and contained a version of Kandor, a portal to the Phantom Zone, Kryptonian and alien artifacts, and holographic images of Jor-El and Lara. The caretaker of the Fortress was Kelex, a Kryptonian robot that was a descendant of the Kelex robot that served Jor-El. Infinite Crisis In the 2006 limited series Infinite Crisis, several survivors of the pre-Crisis multiverse – the Earth-Two Superman, Lois Lane of Earth-Two, the Earth-Prime Superboy, and Earth-Three's Alexander Luthor, Jr. – set up a base in the ruins of the Antarctic Fortress following their escape from the "paradise dimension" they had been trapped in since the end of Crisis on Infinite Earths. It was then revealed from Power Girl's repressed memories from her life on Earth-Two that her cousin Kal-L had his own version of the Fortress of Solitude similar to his Earth-One counterpart's Fortress. "One Year Later" In the 2006 story arc "Up, Up, and Away!", Superman recovered a piece of Kryptonian sunstone, which Lex Luthor had used to awaken an ancient Kryptonian warship. Superman learned that the sunstone had been sent with him from Krypton, and used it to construct a new Fortress in the Arctic in exactly the same manner as in the 1978 Superman film. He nevertheless plans to restore the Peruvian Fortress, even if compromised and no longer in a secret location, and plans more Fortresses around the world. This version of the Fortress physically resembles the movie and television depictions, and Superman communicates with Jor-El via crystal constructs as in the Superman film and Smallville. The New 52 In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, the Fortress of Solitude is first seen floating in space. It is later revealed to be the orbiting ship of Braniac which Superman had taken over after he physically reprogrammed the Collector of Worlds. This fortress is reported destroyed in the five years between the current Action Comics arc, and the New 52 present day, with the current fortress once more in the Arctic. In the New 52, Supergirl also has her own fortress, known as Sanctuary, and located in the depths of the ocean. This fortress first appears in Supergirl #12 with its purpose explained in Supergirl #13. In Action Comics #15, Superman is revealed to have a fortress which he refers to as his "Yucatan base", a reference to his fortress in the Amazon rain forest in previous continuity. Following the discovery of Superman's "Super Flare", Kal-El made his way to the Fortress via a stolen motorcycle due to burning out his powers. When trying access the Fortress, the A.I. was unable to recognize Kal-El due to his DNA changing and forcibly removed his Kryptonian armor. It was revealed months later Vandal Savage was the person responsible for altering Superman's DNA in order to draw Kal-El away from the Fortress. Savage later converged all of his forces on the Fortress itself and transported it to Metropolis. However, Superman was able to find a temporary 'cure' for his power loss by exposing himself to kryptonite as a form of 'chemotherapy' that burned away the radiation preventing his cells from absorbing energy. On the verge of death while trying to stop Savage, he is caught by the arm and shot in the lower abdomen. As he fell from the sky believing he was about to die, the kryptonite had finished burning away the radiation. The Fortress scanned Superman, confirmed that he is Kal-El, activated and opened up, caught Superman, restored his powers to their peak and returned his Kryptonian armor to him. After defeating Vandal Savage and his children, Superman moves the Fortress back to the arctic circle. Several days after the crisis Superman uses the Fortress's medical equipment and A.I technology to do a full physical on him and discovers that as a result of Vandal's actions using Krytonite to burn out his infected cells that he is dying and has mere weeks to live. Following Superman's death, the Pre-New 52 Superman was able to gain access to the Fortress as both he and the deceased Superman share identical DNA, even though they are from separate timelines. Superman takes his deceased counterpart to the Fortress hoping to use the Regeneration Matrix to revive him, as the Eradicator did to him in his native timeline. However, in the New 52 universe of Prime Earth, no such technology exists. After burying his counterpart in Smallville he returns to the Fortress and uses his heat vision to create a statue of Superman of Prime Earth to honor his fallen comrade. The Eradicator of Pre-New 52 eventually arrives on Prime Earth and takes up residence within the Fortress. Other versions All-Star Superman In the out-of-continuity series All-Star Superman, the Fortress is once again located in the Arctic. Superman has replaced the giant key with a normal-sized key which is made from super-dense dwarf star material and weighs half a million tons, restricting its use to those with immense superhuman strength. It has a team of robots working on various projects. The Fortress itself contains the Titanic, the space shuttle Columbia, and a baby Sun-Eater, as well as larger-than-life memorabilia, similar to the objects found in the Batcave. It has various scientific facilities as well, including a time telescope that can receive brief cryptic messages with reception of limited quality from the future. Earth One In Superman: Earth One graphic novel series, the Fortress of Solitude was built by Superman's Krytonian ship's AI, using the Arctic's cave system. Other media Television Animation Super Friends The Fortress has several appearances in the Super Friends animated series. The Super Friends version of the Fortress of Solitude is said to be located "in a deserted region of the frozen Arctic". In the episode "Terror at 20,000 Fathoms", Superman gives Aquaman, the Wonder Twins and Gleek a guided tour of the Fortress showing off many structures such as the Bottle City of Kandor. In a 1980 episode titled "Journey into Blackness", which said the Fortress was located "in a frozen and desolate area of the North Pole", Superman spots a black hole headed towards Earth using a telescope in the Fortress. In a 1980 episode titled "Revenge of Bizarro", Superman goes his Fortress of Solitude to stop Bizarro and return the Bizarro Super Friends back to normal with an Anti-Bizarro ray. A 1981 episode titled "Evil From Krypton" depicted the Fortress with a somewhat crystalline exterior and without the giant key, reminiscent of its film appearances. In a 1986 episode titled "The Death of Superman", the Fortress more closely resembles the pre-Crisis comic-book version, including a giant yellow key whose use required the combined efforts of Green Lantern, Wonder Woman and Cyborg. DC animated universe Superman: The Animated Series and Justice League Unlimited present a slightly altered version, with the Fortress located in the ocean underneath the Arctic tundra; access was gained by diving into the Arctic water and emerging in an opening inside the Fortress. This version contained an alien zoo housing alien life-forms saved from The Preserver's ship and some computer equipment, along with a Brainiac information sphere stolen from his hijacked spacecraft just before it was destroyed, which is used by Superman to access information about Krypton. The fortress also contains massive sculptures of Superman's biological parents, Jor-El and Lara, serving as monuments to Krypton. The Fortress of Solitude is also a major setting for the Justice League Unlimited episode "For the Man Who Has Everything". A fight with the warlord Mongul took place there, after he delivered a parasite capable of hypnosis to Superman and was detected by Batman and Wonder Woman. In this version, the name "Fortress of Solitude" was given by Professor Emil Hamilton in a sarcastically humorous remark while he visited the Fortress in one episode. In the future of Batman Beyond, a Starro from the Fortress' intergalactic zoo is revealed to have latched on to Superman years prior and subtly controlled his actions since then, including allowing an entire population of the creatures to breed in one of the aquatic chambers. The Justice League of the future travels to the Fortress where they are themselves taken over by Starros, until Batman is able to free Superman and the rest of the League from their control. The League then sends the Starro population through a boom tube back to the world where the original Starro came from. Legion of Super Heroes The Fortress also appears in the Legion of Super Heroes animated series. It appears in the episode called "Message in a Bottle". In that episode, the Legion chase Imperiex to the Fortress, where he shrinks himself to enter Kandor, to steal highly advanced ancient Kryptonian technology invented by Jor-El. Young Justice In the Young Justice episode "Failsafe", the Fortress of Solitude appears on Robin's satellite imagery as a location that was being investigated by alien invaders. Justice League Action In Justice League Action episode "Field Trip", Superman gives Blue Beetle, Firestorm, and Stargirl a tour of the Fortress of Solitude. Live-action Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman On Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, the "Fortress" was conspicuously absent, presumably because the series' aim was to explore the idea of Clark Kent being the true identity and Superman merely being the disguise (therefore, the character would have no use for an otherworldly fortress). In the earlier issues of the John Byrne revamp of Superman, the Fortress was also absent so the show was probably following suit. In the tradition of this approach, the Fortress of Solitude was the name of Clark Kent's childhood treehouse in season one episode "The Foundling". Smallville In Smallville, Jonathan Kent once referred to the loft space in the Kent farm's barn as the "Fortress of Solitude" since it was the place where the teenage Clark Kent usually preferred to be alone. In season 4's finale "Commencement", After Clark had united all of the Stones of Power, they created a super crystal, the "Crystal of Knowledge". Once he grabbed the crystal it transported him to an opening in the arctic circle where he threw the crystal into the snow thus creating the Fortress of Solitude. The fifth season premiere episode, Arrival, fully introduces a Fortress of Solitude that is almost identical, both in appearance and construction by self-replicating crystals, to that depicted in the original Superman movies. During the episode, Clark carries an injured Chloe Sullivan from the Fortress to a hospital in the Yukon, suggesting this is one of the nearest inhabited/medically proficient locations to the structure. An artificial intelligence built into the Fortress by Clark's biological father, Jor-El, would provide Clark with various 'Trials' throughout the series to help steer him toward his destiny as a symbol of hope for humanity. The Jor-El A.I. was, for the most part, omniscient, with the ability to send characters through time, open portals to alternate dimensions, and remove, restore and also transfer Clark's powers to other characters, seemingly at will. In later seasons, the Fortress is exposed as being vulnerable to other Kryptonian technology – namely Brainiac, and the Orb of Kandor. Lex Luthor would later use the Orb to revert the Fortress back into its original, handheld crystal form after becoming obsessed with Kryptonian conspiracy theories, and mistaking the structure for an alien invasion base. Lex also uses the orb to locate the fortress. The orb levitates and constructs a 3D globe of the world and isolates a circular section of Greenland. When the crystal was later recovered by Lex's sister, Tess Mercer, as she searched for the now deceased Lex in Northern Greenland, Clark successfully rebuilt the Fortress to resume his training with Jor-El as well as to remove Brainiac from Chloe Sullivan. After completing this Jor-El told Kal-El that he was proud of him and will help in his fight with Doomsday. After Clark leaves Brainiac who has been hiding within the crystal console in his liquid form takes over the Fortress and changes the entire building black and produces the symbol for "Doom" on the floor. Chloe is then brought back to the Fortress after Doomsday crashed her and Jimmy's wedding where Brainiac downloads himself into Chloe leaving the Fortress itself and began to physically download all the knowledge into himself via Chloe. Brainiac then places Davis Bloom, Doomsday's human form in a Kryptonian chamber where it will take days to permanently transform him into Doomsday. After Brainiac was defeated by Clark and the Legion of Super Hero's Brainiac's connection to the Fortress was terminated and all the knowledge he stole returned as well as the Fortress turning back white. A few months after Jimmy was killed Clark was able to repair the Fortress and his connection to Jor-El to resume his Kryptonian training. Although fully repaired there were still a number crystallized pillars that were still black after Brainiac was defeated. However, it was discovered that the Fortress was repairing itself and by the following year, after Clark defeated Zod, all the black crystal pillars were destroyed with Fortress of Solitude fully repaired and purged of corruption ready to serve Clark in his quest to become Superman. During the series' tenth and final season, the Fortress became home to a Martha Kent-crafted, classic Superman costume, which Clark would go on to don in the final episode. Rather than being specifically made for the production, the costume was originally designed and created for Brandon Routh to wear in Superman Returns. The Fortress is also referred to as Jor-El's 'Fortress of Knowledge' by his assistant Raya. Supergirl The Fortress appears in the Supergirl episode "Solitude". As in the comics, it is opened with a massive dwarf star matter key (about long and thick) and appears to be built from either crystal or ice. It contains Kal-El's spaceship, his parents' statue, a Legion Flight Ring and at least one robotic servant called Kelex. Superman had invited Kara there a number of times, but she always refused, afraid of being overcome by nostalgia. It is also mentioned by Kara's sister Alex Danvers that Kara's cousin uses the fortress as a base where he can communicate with his Kryptonian ancestors. Kara finally goes there with James Olsen to look for information about Indigo. In "Myriad", Kara visits the fortress seeking out Kal-El's whereabouts and the purpose of program Myriad. When Kelex refuses to give information to her, the fortress triggered a hologram of her mother of which she explained to her about Myriad's programming. In "The Last Children of Krypton", Superman and J'onn J'onzz visit this place to find information about Metallo. In the episode "The Darkest Place", Hank Henshaw/Cyborg Superman gains access to the Fortress and uses Kara's blood which Cadmus drained from her in order to access the Fortress's archive for information on Project Medusa. In "Medusa", Kara went to the Fortress to find information on Project Medusa and was told everything regarding the project by a hologram of her father. In "Mr. & Mrs. Mxyzptlk", Kara lures Mxyzptlk in fortress in order to trick him with a false self-destruct sequence and make him to type the abort code which happened to be his name backwards to force him to go back in his dimension. In "Distant Sun", Mon-El and Kara decide to talk to his mother Rhea in fortress about calling off the bounty on Supergirl's head. She refused and attacked Supergirl with kryptonite daggers, nearly killing her. Mon-El interrupted and decided to go with his mother to save Kara's life. In "Resist", during Daxamite invasion on Earth, Cadmus and DEO propose an alliance to stop invaders and save Lena Luthor and Mon-El from Rhea. Kara, Lilian Luthor and Hank Henshaw enter the Fortress to activate the Phantom Zone projector to board into Daxamite ship. After saving them, only Lena, her mother and Hank return to Fortress where Lilian betrayed Kara and Mon-El to leave them behind. However, Kara expected her betrayal and her friend Winn Schott Jr. put a bug device on Henshaw prior to rescue operation as a precaution. She activated the device to force him in reactivating the projector to beam Mon-El out of the spaceship, while staying behind to confront Rhea. In "Nevertheless, She Persisted" Kara and Kal-El are taken to Fortress by Alex to be healed after their brutal fight when Superman was poisoned with silver kryptonite by Rhea, hallucinating and thinking that he was fighting against General Zod. Kal-El then enters database to find a way to stop Daxamite war and finds it in the form of fighting ritual called Dakkar-Ur. Krypton The Fortress of Solitude is central to the storyline of Krypton. Seg-El, Kal-El's grandfather, visits the Fortress with his mother, Charys-El, to find the lost research of Val-El, Seg-El's grandfather, after Adam Strange requests Seg-El to find the Fortress to stop Brainiac from destroying Krypton and altering the timeline to prevent Kal-El's birth, 200 years later. Meanwhile, Nyssa-Vex and Jayna-Zod are trying to find the Fortress to prevent information about life on other planets from getting out to the public. Film In Superman and its sequels (except for Superman III, in which it did not appear), the Fortress is created by a crystal that Jor-El enclosed in Kal-El's spaceship. The crystal leads teenage Clark Kent to an ice field where it is "planted" by Clark, after which it melts into the ice and grows into a huge crystalline building, similar to the crystalline architecture shown on Krypton at the beginning of the film. This fortress was also used to start Kal-El's 12-year training to become Superman. This Fortress contains numerous "memory crystals" that can be used to access Jor-El's artificial intelligence and hologram, interactive holographic recordings of Lara, and other Kryptonians, and a chamber that uses red sun radiation to strip Kryptonians of their super powers. In Richard Donner's cut of Superman II, the Fortress is destroyed by Superman as its existence was revealed to Lex Luthor and his henchwoman, Eve Teschmacher. However, Superman then turns back time (à la 1978's Superman), so technically the Fortress is completely undamaged, while Zod, Ursa and Non are returned to the Phantom Zone. In Superman Returns, the Fortress follows the same formula as the earlier movies, but goes into more detail about the crystal origins of the Fortress and Kryptonian architecture. Lex Luthor attempts to use memory crystals he stole from it to create a new land mass in place of America. An observation is made (following Superman II) that he acts as though he has been there before. The crystals that power the Fortress were lost when Lex Luthor's assistant dropped them out the escaping helicopter into the ocean below. The tie-in book, Superman Returns: The Visual Guide lists the Fortress as sitting on "Fletcher's Abyssal Plane". The 2013 film Man of Steel depicts the Fortress of Solitude as a Kryptonian scout ship that crashed on Earth thousands of years ago, with highly advanced alien technology. Kal-El accesses various holograms in the Fortress to learn about his Kryptonian origins. After Zod and his forces begin the attack on Earth, Zod accesses the ship with his own command key. He then uses it to erase Jor-El's A.I and launches the ship towards Metropolis. Superman smashes through the ship and uses his heat vision to destroy the piloting controls causing the ship to crash into the city destroying several buildings in the process. In 2016 film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice 18 months after what the world has called "The Black Zero Event", the U.S Government has built a facility around the wrecked ship and are attempting to gain access to it for research purposes. After Lex Luthor convinces a US Senator that he can weaponize kryptonite to use as a "deterrent" against Superman, he grants him access to the ship and to the remains of General Zod for analysis. Lex, however, uses a shard of kryptonite to slice off Zod's fingerprints and then place them on his own hands for the ship to scan, which allows him to fully access the ship itself. The ship's A.I. then informs Lex that the craft was only operating at 37% efficiency and tells him about the Kryptonian database. The ship's control by General Zod was eventually overridden by Lex who then immersed Zod's body into the birthing chamber along with a drop of his own blood in order to create the monster Doomsday. After Superman fails to kill Batman, Lex unleashes Doomsday within the ship, but the monster is halted by Superman who throws him out of the ship itself to continue the fight. Lex is then arrested by Metropolis S.W.A.T team who have entered the ship after Batman contacted them, where they glimpse him conversing with Steppenwolf and is subsequently arrested. Following Superman's death, the ship is still present during Superman's memorial. It is unknown if the US Government has gained further access to the ship. In Justice League the ship again plays an important role in Superman's resurrection. After finding out that the third and last Mother Box is with Cyborg, Bruce Wayne proposes that the advanced alien technology inside it can be used to bring back Superman if that power can be channeled through Superman's body. After initial protest from Diana (Wonder Woman), the team decides to go ahead with the plan. After Cyborg and The Flash dug up the corpse of Clark and help it transport inside the secure facility, it is revealed that during the events of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Lex Luthor burned the internal circuits of the ship while creating Doomsday, prompting Flash to voluntarily charge the Mother Box via static electricity. As Aquaman drops the Mother Box on the corpse dipped in the electrolyte solution of the ship, Flash charges the box by gaining charge with running. They are successful, as it helps in resurrecting Superman, although he has no memories of his past, and quickly turns hostile on the group. Left unguarded, Steppenwolf retrieves the last Mother Box lying outside the facility via transporting through a Boom Tube. Video games In the video game The Death and Return of Superman for SNES, the Fortress of Solitude is shown in one of the cutscenes. The Fortress of Solitude is a location in Mortal Kombat vs. DC. Its appearance is based on the Donner-Singer films, but with some added visuals including ice statues of Jor El and Lara holding up Krypton, and a Jor El image behind a crystal. This same fortress design is shown in the DC Universe Online MMORPG, and is used by Batman and Lex Luthor as a last bastion against the forces of Brainiac. A similar design was used in Injustice: Gods Among Us. The Fortress of Solitude is featured in the Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham. References External links Super Who's Who: The Fortress of Solitude Featuring the original Citadel, the 1949 Fortress, and the 1958 version Supermanica: Fortress of Solitude Supermanica entry on the pre-Crisis Fortress of Solitude Google Sketchup/Earth Model of the Fortress of Solitude Supermanica: Secret Sanctuary Supermanica entry on the Secret Sanctuary Comic Coverage: The Fortress at 50 Superman's Fortress of Solitude, a short story by Rick Stoeckel Category:Fictional elements introduced in 1958 Category:Superman Category:Arctic in fiction Category:Alien zoos in fiction Solitude Category:Fictional museums Category:Fictional secret bases Category:DC Comics locations sv:Stålmannen#Utrustning	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wako Wako Wako Wako is a Philippine fantasy drama series in the Philippines. The series premiered on ABS-CBN and worldwide on The Filipino Channel from March 5, 2012 to May 25, 2012 replacing Maria la del Barrio on its network Primetime Bida block. On May 7, 2012 the series was moved to Kapamilya Gold to give way for Aryana. Overview Synopsis Wako Wako is a story of seven-year-old boy Muymuy (Yogo Singh), who yearns to make his father, a respected policeman, proud. His cowardly nature, however, prevents him from doing so. He will discover a magical creature and he'll call it Wako. Wako-Wako fulfills all his wishes, but soon Muymuy discovers that every granted wish comes with a price. A mysterious lady named Dyosa Marishka (Ai-Ai de las Alas) finds Muymuy and tells him that Wako is an Arukan and that she is a goddess of wishes in need of help from the creature. The goddess needs to find seven people who will provide pure selfless wishes to save her kingdom and bring her back to power. In return, Wako helps Muymuy with his family's problems in this endearing tale of friendship and relations. Cast and characters Main cast Marian "Gandang Girl" Barro as Wako-Wako Ai-Ai de las Alas as Dyosa Marishka Yogo Singh as Rodel "Muymuy" Gaudencio Jr. Gladys Reyes as Isay Gaudencio Vandolph Quizon as Rodel Gaudencio Maricar de Mesa as Lilibeth Malou de Guzman as Teresing "Ima" Gaudencio Dennis Padilla as Tanyo DJ Durano as Dado Calleja Karen Dematera as Verma Carlos Agassi as Tummy Nograles Markki Stroem as Kyle Liezel Garcia as Nora Santos Tess Antonio as Vilma Eagle Riggs as Turing Franco Daza as Draco Calleja Joy Viado† as Senyang Abby Bautista as Mica Ruther Urquia as Arukans (Voice) Lou Veloso as Chief Satano Guest cast Simon Ibarra as Lando Martinez Kenji Shirakawa as Mark Rodriguez Kyle Ang as Jonas Calleja Amy Nobleza as Young Ima Rustica Carpio Neri Naig as Carmen Ina Feleo as Teresa Calleja Ricky Rivero as Obet Michael Agassi as Gaston Jelo Echaluce as Jumbo Cecil Paz as Miss U Rita Rosario G. Carlos as Urduja Jommy Teotico as Police Asset Ronnie Golpeo as RonnieL Minco Fabregas as Mayor Miguelito de Guzman as Rusty Manuel Chua as Mr. Lee List of Arukans Dyosa Marishka - Goddess of arukanan Barkan/Wako Wako - Bestfriend of Muymuy Muymuy - People body but heart of arukan, he is the last arukan Tanderkan - Anchorite of arukanan Ponkan Louverkan Trashkan Linggitkan Genghiskan Luciokan Odettekan Dezcanca/Ukaw Ukaw-The bad arukan Production Starting May 7, 2012, when the series moved to Kapamilya Gold Timeslot, Wako Wako is not available in all ABS-CBN Regional Network Group channels due to local versions of TV Patrol on the same time slot. Instead a replay of recent broadcasts are shown the next day mostly Mondays-Fridays on its Morning block. See also List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN Corporation List of dramas of ABS-CBN Corporation References External links Wako Wako Fansite Category:2012 Philippine television series debuts Category:2012 Philippine television series endings Category:ABS-CBN drama series Category:Fantaserye and telefantasya Category:Philippine drama television series Category:Philippine children's television series Category:Filipino-language television programs Category:Philippine television program stubs Category:Television shows set in the Philippines	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān The Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān (abbreviated EQ) is an encyclopedia dedicated to the Qur'an published by Brill Publishers.</blockquote> It was published in five volumes, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe et al. during 2001-2006 (): Vol. I: A-D (publication year 2001) Vol. II: E-I (2002) Vol. III: J-O (2003) Vol. IV: P-Sh (2004) Vol. V: Si-Z (2006) Index Vol. (2006) See also Encyclopaedia of Islam Encyclopaedia Iranica References External links Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān Online Publisher site: Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an at Brill publishers Review: Another encyclopaedia: Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an at IEQ project Qur'an, Encyclopaedia of Category:Non-Islamic Islam studies literature Category:Quranic studies Category:21st-century encyclopedias	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Frumosu Frumosu is a commune located in Suceava County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Deia, Dragoșa and Frumosu. References Category:Communes in Suceava County Category:Localities in Southern Bukovina	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Johannes Scheuter Johannes Scheuter (8 November 1880 – 7 August 1944) was a Dutch sports shooter. He competed in the 600 m free rifle event at the 1924 Summer Olympics. References Category:1880 births Category:1944 deaths Category:Dutch male sport shooters Category:Olympic shooters of the Netherlands Category:Shooters at the 1924 Summer Olympics Category:Sportspeople from Amersfoort	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Converse Memorial Library The Converse Memorial Library – also known as Converse Memorial Building – is a historically significant building designed by noted American architect H. H. Richardson. From 1885 to 1996, it housed the Malden Public Library, which now occupies a modern building adjacent to it. The former library is located at 36 Salem Street, Malden, Massachusetts. The building was a gift of Elisha S. and Mary D. Converse in memory of their murdered son, Frank Eugene Converse, who was the victim of the first bank robbery/murder in North America. It was constructed 1883-1885 in an overall L-shape, with a facade of brown Longmeadow sandstone, a tower rising from the L's inner corner, and a heavily arched entry porch set within the L's short arm. The main library room is 50 x 36 feet and finished in elaborately carved white oak with a high, vaulted ceiling. Its furniture was designed by Richardson and manufactured by the Boston firm of A. H. Davenport and Company. In 1896 two additions were made to the building, designed by Richardson's successor firm, Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge. One gable-roofed wing extends the building to the rear, along Park Street, following the same general lines of the existing structure. The other addition was a flat-roofed rectangular stack area also attached to the rear. An octagonal gallery space further extended the rear in 1916, designed by Newhall and Blevins. The Converse Memorial Building was the last of Richardson's library designs, and is generally considered among his finest works. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County, Massachusetts List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts References Jeffrey Karl Ochsner, H. H. Richardson: Complete Architectural Works, MIT Press, 1985, page 314. . American Library Association, Annual Conference Proceedings of the American Library Association, 1889, pages 78–79. National Historic Landmarks entry Digital Archive of American Architecture Category:Library buildings completed in 1885 Category:Richardsonian Romanesque architecture in Massachusetts Category:Henry Hobson Richardson buildings Category:National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts Category:Libraries on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Category:Libraries in Middlesex County, Massachusetts Category:Public libraries in Massachusetts Category:Education in Malden, Massachusetts Category:National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, Massachusetts Category:Buildings and structures in Malden, Massachusetts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kosmoceras Kosmoceras is a moderately evolute ammonite genus from the upper Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of Europe with a simple apterure and irregular ribbing interrupted by an irregular row of lateral tubercles. Strong ventral tubercles are separated by a smooth depression running along the rim. Kosmocers belongs to the Stephanoceratoidea and is the type genus for the Family Kosmoceratidae and for the subfamily Kosmoceratinae. Kosmoceras spinosum Waagen is the type species. Lobokosmoceras and Gulielmiceras have been regarded as subgenera of Kosmoceras. Gulielmites is a fine-ribbed variety of Kosmoceras jason Species This genus includes more than 100 species, including: K. aculeatum K. balticum K. cromptoni K. bizeti K. fibuliferum K. geminatum K. gemmatum K. grossouvrei K. interpositum K. jason K. lithuanicum K. medea K. obductum K. ornatum K. phaeinum K. proniae K. rowlstonese K. spinosum K. subnodatum K. weigelti Gallery References Arkell et al., 1957. Mesozoic Ammonoidea. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L. Geological Soc. of America and Univ. Kansas Press. Fossils (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward Kosmoceras in the Paleobiology Database Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Ammonoidea Sepkoski Online Results Philippe C. Courville, Catherine Crônier. Diversity or disparity in the Jurassic (Upper Callovian) genus Kosmoceras (Ammonitina): a morphometric approach Category:Middle Jurassic ammonites of Europe Category:Middle Jurassic genus first appearances Category:Ammonitida genera Category:Stephanoceratoidea	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.