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Microcotyle neozealanica
Microcotyle neozealanica is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Taxonomy
Microcotyle neozealanica was first described by Dillon & Hargis in 1965 as Microcotyle neozealanicus. Caballero y Caballero and Bravo-Hollis erected the genus Paramicrocotyle to describe Paramicrocotyle tampicensis and Paramicrocotyle atriobursata off Mexico, and placed within this genus 16 species previously assigned to the genus Microcotyle including Microcotyle neozealanica. However, Microcotyle neozealanica was returned to the genus Microcotyle and Paramicrocotyle is considered a junior subjective synonym of Microcotyle.
Microcotyle neozealanica was redescribed by Dillon et al., in 1985 from a single specimen from the gills of Chloropthalmus nigripinnis. The authors stated that additional specimens from this host were needed to verify this record.
According to the World Register of Marine Species,neozealanicus is a malformed suffix. The current accepted name is Microcotyle neozealanica.
Morphology
Microcotyle neozealanica has the general morphology of all species of Microcotyle, with an elongate fusiform body provided with a thin and smooth tegument, and comprising an anterior body proper which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, not well delineated from body proper, and bears 24–29 pairs of clamps. These clamps are similar in shape, but dissimilar in size. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two biloculate buccal suckers placed ventrolaterally in the buccal cavity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a muscular pharynx, and a posterior intestine with two lateral branches provided with medial and lateral ramifications. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior genital atrium armed with numerous spines, a dorsal vagina, a single tubular and folded ovary, and a number of follicular testes which are postovarian, and 11–20 in number.
The fusiform egg has filaments at both ends.
Etymology
The specific epithet neozealanica refers to New Zealand, the type-locality of this species.
Hosts and localities
The type-host of Microcotyle neozealanica is the red gurnard perch Helicolenus percoides (Sebastidae). The type-locality is New Zealand. It was also recorded from Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis (currently named Paraulopus nigripinnis) (Chlorophthalmidae) off Australia.
References
Category:Microcotylidae
Category:Parasites of fish
Category:Animals described in 1965
Category:Worms of New Zealand | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
A418 road
The A418 road is a main trunk road in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England. It begins at a roundabout with the A4146 just north of Ascott, near Leighton Buzzard. It then runs south as a single carriageway through Wing to Aylesbury. This stretch is proposed for a dual carriageway bypass. After diving through Aylesbury the road runs past Aylesbury College before heading out into Stone. From here it runs past Haddenham to the M40 near Thame. The road has been rerouted in two locations so that it no longer runs through Hulcott and Haddenham.
Oxford - Cambridge Expressway
The Oxford - Cambridge Expressway is a proposed fully grade separated dual carriageway between the A34 near Oxford and the A14 near Cambridge. One of the three alternative options originally proposed for the route uses the A418 corridor, bypassing Aylesbury to the north. In September 2018, the Government announced that the route would more closely follow East West Rail, which may mean that it will be closer to Winslow than to Aylesbury.
Settlements on the A418
From the A505 in Buckinghamshire:
Ascott
Wing
Rowsham
Bierton
Aylesbury
Hartwell
Stone
Gibraltar
In Oxfordshire:
Thame
North Weston
Tiddington
References
Category:Roads in England
Category:Transport in Buckinghamshire
Category:Roads in Oxfordshire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Przewóz, Opole Voivodeship
Przewóz (German: Przewos, 1934–45: Fährendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Cisek, within Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Cisek, south of Kędzierzyn-Koźle, and south-east of the regional capital Opole.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (see Territorial changes of Poland after World War II).
The village has a population of 345.
Gallery
References
Category:Villages in Kędzierzyn-Koźle County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of Corvus species
The following is a list of all currently recognized species within the genus Corvus (the crows and ravens).
Living species
Listed alphabetically.
Corvus albus – pied crow (Central African coasts to southern Africa)
Corvus albicollis – white-necked raven or Cape raven (Southern, central and eastern Africa)
Corvus bennetti – little crow (Australia)
Corvus brachyrhynchos – American crow (United States, southern Canada, northern Mexico)
Corvus capensis – Cape crow or Cape rook (Eastern and southern Africa)
Corvus caurinus – northwestern crow (Olympic peninsula to southwest Alaska)
Corvus cornix – hooded crow (Northern and Eastern Europe and Northern Africa)
Corvus corone – carrion crow (Europe and eastern Asia)
Corvus corax – common raven or northern raven (The Holarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere)
Corvus coronoides – Australian raven (Eastern and southern Australia)
Corvus crassirostris – thick-billed raven (Ethiopia)
Corvus cryptoleucus – Chihuahuan raven (Southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico)
Corvus culminatus – Indian jungle crow (India and Sri Lanka)
Corvus edithae – Somali crow (eastern Africa)
Corvus enca – slender-billed crow (Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia)
Corvus florensis – Flores crow (Flores Island)
Corvus frugilegus – rook (Europe, Asia, New Zealand)
Corvus fuscicapillus – brown-headed crow (New Guinea)
Corvus hawaiiensis (formerly C. tropicus) – Hawaiian crow (Hawaii)
Corvus imparatus – Tamaulipas crow (Gulf of Mexico coast)
Corvus insularis – Bismarck crow (Bismark Archipelago, Papua New Guinea)
Corvus jamaicensis – Jamaican crow (Jamaica)
Corvus kubaryi – Mariana crow or aga (Guam, Rota)
Corvus leucognaphalus – white-necked crow (Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico)
Corvus levaillantii – eastern jungle crow (northern India to northern Malay Peninsula)
Corvus macrorhynchos – large-billed crow (eastern Eurasia, Malay Peninsula, Sundas, Philippines)
Corvus meeki – Bougainville crow or Solomon Islands crow (Northern Solomon Islands)
Corvus mellori – little raven (Southeastern Australia)
Corvus moneduloides – New Caledonian crow (New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands)
Corvus nasicus – Cuban crow (Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, Grand Caicos Island)
Corvus orru – Torresian crow or Australian crow (Australia, New Guinea and nearby islands)
Corvus ossifragus – fish crow (Southeastern U.S. coast)
Corvus palmarum – palm crow (Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic)
Corvus rhipidurus – fan-tailed raven (Northeast Africa, Middle East)
Corvus ruficollis – brown-necked raven (North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, Pakistan)
Corvus ruficolis edithae – Somali crow or dwarf raven (Northeast Africa)
Corvus sinaloae –– Sinaloa crow (Pacific coast from Sonora to Colima
Corvus splendens – house crow or Indian house crow (Indian subcontinent, Middle East, east Africa)
Corvus tasmanicus – forest raven or Tasmanian raven (Tasmania and adjacent south coast of Australia)
Corvus torquatus – collared crow (Eastern China, south into Vietnam)
Corvus tristis – grey crow or bare-faced crow (New Guinea and neighboring islands)
Corvus typicus – piping crow or Celebes pied crow (Sulawesi, Muna, Butung)
Corvus unicolor – Banggai crow (Banggai Island)
Corvus validus – long-billed crow (Northern Moluccas)
Corvus violaceus – violet crow (Seram)
Corvus woodfordi – white-billed crow or Solomon Islands crow (Southern Solomon Islands)
Fossil forms
Corvus galushai – (fossil: Big Sandy Late Miocene of Wickieup, USA)
Corvus larteti – (fossil: Late Miocene of France, or C Europe?)
Corvus praecorax – (fossil: Early Pliocene of Perpignan, France; possibly subspecies of C. corone/cornix)
Corvus simionescui – (fossil: Early Pliocene of Maluşteni-Bereşti, Romania; possibly subspecies of C. corone/cornix)
Corvus hungaricus – (fossil: Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of S Europe; tentatively placed here)
Corvus moravicus – (fossil: Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of C-E Europe; possibly subspecies of C. monedula)
Corvus pliocaenus – (fossil: Late Pliocene –? Early/Middle Pleistocene of Europe; possibly subspecies of C. corone/cornix)
Corvus antecorax – (fossil: Late Pliocene – Late Pleistocene of Europe; may be C. janossyi, possibly subspecies of C. corax)
Corvus betfianus – (fossil: Early Pleistocene of Betfi, Romania; possibly subspecies of C. corone/cornix)
Corvus fossilis – (fossil: Late Pleistocene Seveckenberg, Germany; probably subspecies of C. corax)
Corvus neomexicanus – (fossil: Late Pleistocene of Dry Cave, USA)
C. antipodum – New Zealand raven (prehistoric: New Zealand)
C. impluviatus – High-billed crow (prehistoric: Hawaii)
C. moriorum – Chatham raven (prehistoric: Chatham Islands, SW Pacific)
C. pumilis – Puerto Rican crow (prehistoric: Puerto Rico; possibly a subspecies of C. nasicus/palmarum)
C. viriosus – Robust crow (prehistoric: Hawaii)
Corvus sp. – New Ireland crow (prehistoric: New Ireland, Melanesia)
The taxonomy of the C. antecorax / C. fossilis complex as well as the C. pliocaenus / C. betfianus / C. praecorax / C. simionescui, in particular the temporal succession and relationship to the living relatives is not fully resolved. At least some of these "species" seem to have been direct ancestors of the living forms as listed above.
Former species
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Corvus:
Indian roller (as Corvus benghalensis)
Indian paradise flycatcher (as Corvus paradisi)
Magpie-lark (as Corvus cyanoleucus)
References
Category:Corvus (genus)
Corvus | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Wilfrid Hyde-White
Wilfrid Hyde-White (12 May 1903 – 6 May 1991) was an English character actor of stage, film and television, who achieved international recognition in his later years for his role as Colonel Pickering in the 1964 film version of the musical My Fair Lady.
Early life and career
Wilfrid Hyde-White was born in Bourton-on-the-Water in Gloucestershire, England in 1903 to the Rev. William Edward White, canon of Gloucester Cathedral, and his wife, Ethel Adelaide ( Drought). He was the nephew of the actor J. Fisher White. He attended Marlborough College and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
He made his stage debut in the farcical play Tons of Money on the Isle of Wight in 1922 and appeared in the West End for the first time three years later in the play Beggar on Horseback. He then gained steady work on the stage in a series of comedies produced at the Aldwych Theatre in London. He joined a tour of South Africa in 1932 before making his film debut in 1934 in Josser on the Farm where he was credited as "Wilfrid Hyde White" (without the hyphen). He also appeared in some earlier films as plain "Hyde White". He later added the hyphen, as well as his first name.
Following a memorable supporting role in The Third Man (1949), he became a fixture in British films of the 1950s. His other films of this period include Carry on Nurse and the Danny Kaye film On the Double. Two-Way Stretch displays the more roguish side to some of the characters he played in this period. He continued to act on the stage and played opposite Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh in the repertory performance of Caesar and Cleopatra and Antony and Cleopatra in 1951. He also appeared on Broadway and was nominated for a Tony Award in 1956 for his role in The Reluctant Debutante. His first Hollywood appearance came alongside Marilyn Monroe in the 1960 film Let's Make Love, and this was soon followed by other higher profile films, including My Fair Lady in 1964.
Later career
Between 1962 and 1965, Hyde-White starred in the BBC radio comedy The Men from the Ministry. In the 1970s and 1980s, he featured on Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, the Battlestar Galactica pilot episode "Saga of a Star World" and The Associates. He continued to appear on Broadway, and earned a second Tony nomination for his performance in The Jockey Club Stakes.
He appeared in two episodes of the mystery series Columbo, starring Peter Falk as the rumpled detective. Although the first, "Dagger of the Mind" (1972), was set in Britain and concerned Columbo paying a visit to Scotland Yard, Hyde-White's ongoing UK tax problems meant that, unlike American actors Falk and Richard Basehart, and British actors appearing in the episode, Honor Blackman, Bernard Fox, John Fraser and Arthur Malet, he was unable to take part in location filming in the UK. His scenes as a butler were therefore filmed in California. His second appearance on Columbo was in the episode "Last Salute to the Commodore" in 1976.
He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1976 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at Goodwood Racecourse.
Personal life
On 17 December 1927, he married Blanche Hope Aitken, a Glamorganshire-born Welsh actress known professionally as Blanche Glynne (1893–1946), who was a decade his senior. The couple had one son. Blanche Glynne died in 1946, aged 53, and Hyde-White remarried, in 1957, to actress Ethel Drew. He and Drew remained married until his death in 1991. The couple had two children, including actor Alex Hyde-White.
Hyde-White had a reputation as a bon viveur, and in 1979 he was declared bankrupt by the Inland Revenue.
Death
Hyde-White died from heart failure on 6 May 1991, six days before his 88th birthday, at the Motion Picture Country Home in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, having lived in the United States for 25 years as a tax exile. His body was returned to England and buried in the family grave at Water Cemetery, Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire.
Complete filmography
Josser on the Farm (1934) as Brooks
Smith's Wives (1935) (uncredited)
Night Mail (1935) (uncredited)
Admirals All (1935) as Mr. Stallybrass
Murder by Rope (1936) as Alastair Dane
Rembrandt (1936) as Civil Guardsman (uncredited)
The Scarab Murder Case (1936) as Philo Vance
Elephant Boy (1937) as Commissioner
Bulldog Drummond at Bay (1937) as Conrad (uncredited)
Change for a Sovereign (1937) as Charles
Murder in the Family (1938) as Purvitt - Estate Agent (uncredited)
The Claydon Treasure Mystery (1938) as Holmes (uncredited)
Meet Mr. Penny (1938) as Mr. Wilson
I've Got a Horse (1938) as Police Constable
Keep Smiling (1938) as Assistant Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
The Outsider (1939) as Patient (uncredited)
The Lion Has Wings (1939) as Waiter (uncredited)
Over the Moon (1939) as Dwight - Sanitarium Spokesman (uncredited)
The Lambeth Walk (1939) as Lord Battersby
Poison Pen (1939) as Postman
The Briggs Family (1940) as Man with Moustache at Party (uncredited)
Turned Out Nice Again (1941) as Removal Man (uncredited)
Lady from Lisbon (1942) as Ganier
Asking for Trouble (1942) as Pettifer
The Demi-Paradise (1943) as Nightclub Waiter (uncredited)
Night Boat to Dublin (1946) as Taxi Driver
Wanted for Murder (1946) as Guide in Madame Tussaud's
Appointment with Crime (1946) as Cleaner
While the Sun Shines (1947) as Male Receptionist
Meet Me at Dawn (1947) as Garin - News Editor
Laburnum Grove (1947 TV movie) as Bernard Baxley
A Month in the Country (1947 TV movie) as Bolshintsov
The Ghosts of Berkeley Square (1947) as Staff Captain
My Brother Jonathan (1948) as Mr. Gaige
The Winslow Boy (1948) as Wilkinson (uncredited)
Bond Street (1948) as Jeweller
My Brother's Keeper (1948) as Harding
Quartet (1948) as 2nd Clubman (segment "The Colonel's Lady")
The Passionate Friends (1949) as Lawyer
The Forbidden Street (1949) as Mr. Culver
That Dangerous Age (1949) as Mr. Potts
The Bad Lord Byron (1949) as Mr. Hopton
Adam and Evelyne (1949) as Col. Bradley
Helter Skelter (1949) as Dr. B. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde
Conspirator (1949) as Lord Pennistone
The Third Man (1949) as Crabbin
The Man on the Eiffel Tower (1949) as Professor Grollet
Golden Salamander (1950) as Agno
The Angel with the Trumpet (1950) as Simmerl
Last Holiday (1950) as Chalfont
Trio (1950) as Mr. Gray (segment "Mr. Know-All")
The Mudlark (1950) as Tucker (uncredited)
Highly Dangerous (1950) as Mr. Luke - British consul
Midnight Episode (1950) as Mr. Knight
Blackmailed (1951) as Lord Dearsley
Mister Drake's Duck (1951) as Mr. May
The Browning Version (1951) as Dr. Frobisher
No Highway in the Sky (1951) as Fisher, Inspector of Accidents (uncredited)
Outcast of the Islands (1951) as Vinck
Mr. Denning Drives North (1952) as Woods
The Card (1952) as Lord at Liverpool Boat Harbour (uncredited)
Affairs of State (1952, TV Movie)
Top Secret (1952) as Sir Hubert Wells
The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan (1953) as Mr. Marston
Four Sided Triangle (1953) as Government Minister (segment "Priceless Pocket")
The Million Pound Note (1954) as Roderick Montpelier
The Rainbow Jacket (1954) as Lord Stoneleigh
Duel in the Jungle (1954) as Pitt
Betrayed (1954) as Gen. Charles Larraby
To Dorothy a Son (1954) as Mr. Starke
See How They Run (1955) as Brig. Buskin
John and Julie (1955) as Sir James
The Reluctant Debutante (1955 TV movie) as Jimmy Broadbent
The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955) as Master Oliver
The March Hare (1956) as Col. Keene
My Teenage Daughter (1956) as Sir Joseph
The Silken Affair (1956) as Sir Horace Hogg
Tarzan and the Lost Safari (1957) as 'Doodles' Fletcher
That Woman Opposite (1957) as Sir Maurice Lawes
The Vicious Circle (1957) as Maj. Harrington, aka Robert Brady
The Truth About Women (1957) as Sir George Tavistock
Up the Creek (1958) as Adm. Foley
Wonderful Things! (1958) as Sir Bertram
The Lady Is a Square (1959) as Charles
Carry On Nurse (1959) as The Colonel
Life in Emergency Ward 10 (1959) as Professor Bourne-Evans
North West Frontier (1959) as Bridie
Libel (1959) as Hubert Foxley
Two-Way Stretch (1960) as Soapy Stevens
Let's Make Love (1960) as George Welch
His and Hers (1961) as Charles Dunton
On the Double (1961) as Colonel Somerset
Ada (1961) as Sylvester Marin
On the Fiddle (1961) as Trowbridge
Crooks Anonymous (1962) as Laurence Montague
In Search of the Castaways (1962) as Lord Glenarvan
Aliki My Love (1963) as Richard Caraway
My Fair Lady (1964) as Colonel Hugh Pickering
John Goldfarb, Please Come Home! (1965) as Mustafa Guz
You Must Be Joking! (1965) as Gen. Lockwood
Ten Little Indians (1965) as Judge Cannon
The Liquidator (1965) as Chief
Our Man in Marrakesh (1966) as Arthur Fairbrother
The Sandwich Man (1966) as Lord Uffingham
Chamber of Horrors (1966) as Harold Blount
Lucy in London (1966 TV movie) as Madame Tussauds Guide
The Million Eyes of Sumuru (1967) as Colonel Baisbrook
P.J. (1968) as Billings-Browne
The Sunshine Patriot (1968 TV movie) as Morris Vanders
Fear No Evil (1969 TV movie) as Harry Snowden
Run a Crooked Mile (1969 TV movie) as Dr. Ralph Sawyer
The Magic Christian (1969) as Captain Reginald K. Klaus
Gaily, Gaily (1969) as The Governor
Ritual of Evil (1970 TV movie) as Harry Snowden
Skullduggery (1970) as Eaton
Fragment of Fear (1970) as Mr. Copsey
A Brand New Life (1973 TV movie) as Mr. Berger
The Cherry Picker (1974) as Dobson
The Great Houdini (1976 TV Movie) as Supt. Melville
No Longer Alone (1976) as Lord Home
Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV) as Sire Anton
Vegas (1979 TV, S1E21) as Prof. Tolan
The Cat and the Canary (1979) as Cyrus West
The Rebels (1979 TV movie) as Gen. Howe
King Solomon's Treasure (1979) as Oldest Club Member
A Touch of the Sun (1979) as M-1
Laverne and Shirley (1980 TV) as Colonel Kalaback
Xanadu (1980) as Male Heavenly Voice (voice)
In God We Tru$t (1980) as Abbot Thelonious
Scout's Honor (1980 TV movie) as Uncle Toby "Nuncle" Bartlett
Oh, God! Book II (1980) as Judge Thomas Miller
Father Damien: The Leper Priest (1980 TV movie) as Bishop Maigret
Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981) as Club Member (voice)
The Letter (1982 TV movie) as Judge
The Toy (1982) as Barkley
Fanny Hill (1983) as Mr. John Barville
Partial television credits
The Twilight Zone: "Passage on the Lady Anne" (1963)
Mission: Impossible: "Echo of Yesterday" (1967)
Daniel Boone: "Who Will They Hang From The Yardarm If Willy Gets Away" (1968)
It Takes a Thief: "To Lure a Man" (1969)
Columbo: "Dagger of the Mind" (1972)
Columbo: "Last Salute to the Commodore" (1976)
Battlestar Galactica (1978)
The Associates (1979)
Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (1981)
References
External links
Category:1903 births
Category:1991 deaths
Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Category:English expatriates in the United States
Category:English male film actors
Category:English male stage actors
Category:English male television actors
Category:English male radio actors
Category:People from Bourton-on-the-Water
Category:People educated at Marlborough College
Category:Male actors from Gloucestershire
Category:20th-century English male actors
Category:British expatriate male actors in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Waddani
Waddani (; ) is a political party in Somaliland.
The party has opposed a plan by the Somaliland government to permit the United Arab Emirates to construct a military base in the territory.
See also
List of political parties in Somaliland
Notes
External links
Waddani website
Category:Political parties in Somaliland | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
HMS Portland
Eight ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Portland, either after Portland Harbour in Dorset or after holders of the title of the Duke of Portland:
was a 50-gun fourth rate launched at Wapping in 1653 and burnt to avoid capture in 1692.
was a 48-gun fourth rate launched in 1693, rebuilt in 1723 and broken up in 1743.
was a 50-gun fourth rate launched in 1744 and sold in 1763.
was a 50-gun fourth rate launched in 1770. She was converted to a 10-gun storeship in 1800 and a prison ship in 1802. She was sold in 1817.
was a barge probably used to defend Plymouth. She was purchased in 1795 and was sold in 1802.
was a 52-gun fourth rate launched in 1822. She was to have been named HMS Kingston, but this was changed before launch in 1817. She was sold in 1862.
HMS Portland was to have been a . She was laid down in 1941 and renamed later that year. The Japanese captured her in 1941 whilst she was under construction; she became the . The Americans sank her in 1945.
is a Type 23 frigate launched in 1999 and currently in service.
See also
was a 50-gun fourth rate, previously the . She was captured in 1746 by and was sold in 1749.
was a repair ship launched in 1945 and sold into civilian service in 1951, where she was renamed Zinnia.
Category:Royal Navy ship names | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
5th United States Colored Heavy Artillery Regiment
The 9th Louisiana Infantry (African Descent), later reorganized as 1st Mississippi Colored Heavy Artillery and then renamed 5th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, was an African-American regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It famously fought in the Battle of Milliken's Bend; one of the earliest Civil War battles with African-American troops involved.
Original regimental organization and service
The creation of the regiment was authorized by Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas, who had gone west to recruit colored troops, on April 14, 1863; and it was organized on May 1 at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Because of the irregular practice to establish all 10 companies at once and to divide new recruits equally among them, none of the companies had the needed strength to be mustered according to the regulations. The 9th had an all-white officer corps that, with the exception of the regimental command staff, was entirely composed of former enlisted volunteer soldiers.
The original regimental command and staff officers were:
Colonel: Hermann Lieb (Major, 8th Illinois Infantry)
Lieutenant Colonel: Charles L. Page (Captain, 20th Illinois Infantry)
Major: Erastus N. Owen (1st Lt., 20th Ohio Infantry)
Adjutant: 1st Lt. Russell B. Neal (2nd Lt., 20th Ohio Infantry)
Quartermaster: 1st Lt. Charles M. Clark (Quartermaster Sergeant, 8th Illinois Infantry)
While participating in the Vicksburg Campaign Colonel Lieb, in overall command, led his 285 men into the Battle of Milliken's Bend. In the close-combat battle the regiment lost some 62 killed and 130 wounded, the number of missing men not being given. Its 67% total losses makes it among the highest of any unit during the Civil War. On the same day the unit fought in the follow-up Battle of Young's Point. Afterwards the companies were restructured and finally, on August 7, 1863, the regiment was formally mustered into Federal service.
Jack Jackson
One early recruit to join the regiment was named Jack Jackson. Jackson was said to be very large and strong-willed and quickly became a Sergeant in Company B. At some point Jackson joined the regimental recruiting parties; the officers were having trouble with convincing local field hands to join. Jackson's recruiting method was described as very forceful but ultimately successful. At the Battle of Milliken's Bend one of Jackson's superior officers, Lieutenant David Cornwell, described the attack; saying that the 23rd Iowa was not behaving courageously but the three black infantry regiments offered great resistance. He said that Jackson, "Laid into a group of Texans... smashing in every head he could reach", and that, "Big Jack Jackson passed me like a rocket. With the fury of a tiger he sprang into that gang and crushed everything before him. There was nothing left of Jack's gun except the barrel and he was smashing everything he could reach. On the other side of the levee, they were yelling 'Shoot that big [soldier]!' while Jack was daring the whole gang to come up and fight him. Then a bullet reached his head and he fell full on the levee."
Later reorganizations
In September 1863, still at Vicksburg, the regiment began a reorganization process owed to the formal establishment and enlargement of the United States Colored Troops. On September 26 it was converted into an artillery unit, becoming the 1st Regiment, Mississippi Heavy Artillery (African Descent). Still commanded by Colonel Lieb, it was designated 4th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery in March 1864 before finally becoming the 5th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery a month later. Under that designation it participated in the Expedition to Rodney and Fayette and the Yazoo City Expedition. The 5th was mustered out on May 20, 1866. Its losses were given as 4 officers and 124 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 697 enlisted men dead by disease for a total of 829.
Meanwhile, when the regiment received the Mississippi designation a new 9th Louisiana Infantry (African Descent) was formed. Like the old 9th, it was renamed with the formalization of the USCT; it became the 63rd U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment on March 11, 1864. That unit, commanded by Colonel John Eaton, served in Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee, and was mustered out on January 9, 1866.
See also
List of Mississippi Union Civil War units
List of Louisiana Union Civil War units
List of United States Colored Troops Civil War units
Notes
References
External links
Category:1863 establishments in Louisiana
Category:Military units and formations established in 1863
Infantry, 009
H 005
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1866 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Miss International 1962
Miss International 1962, the 3rd Miss International pageant, was held on August 18, 1962 at the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium in Long Beach, California, United States. 50 contestants competed for the pageant. Finally, Tania Verstak from Australia was crowned as Miss International 1962 by outgoing titleholder, Stam van Baer from Holland.
Results
Placements
Contestants
- Maria Bueno
- Tania Verstak
- Inge Jaklin
- Danièle Defrère
- Olga Pantoja Antelo
- Julieta Strauss
- Ave Henriques
- Susan Peters
- Jennifer Labrooy
- Sonia Heidman Gómez
- Milagros García Duval
- Margarita Arosemena Gómez
- Sue Burgess
- Eeva Malinen
- Erni Jung
- Ioanna Delakou
- Catharina Johanna Lodders
- Maria Gudmundsdóttir
- Sheila Chonkar
- Mona Burrows
- Nurit Newman
- Maria Vianello
- Kaoru Maki
- Vivian Nazzal
- Sohn Yang-ja
- Mona Slim
- Agnes Anderson
- Brita Gerson
- Brenda Nichole Alvisse
- Therese Gonzalez
- Maureen Waaka
- María Hasbani
- Beate Brevik Johansen
- Ana Cecilia Maruri
- Gloria Alderete Irala
- Cynthia Lucero Ugalde
- Agnes Toro
- Elizabeth Burns
- Nancy Liew
- Aletta Strydom
- Karin Hyldgaard Jensen
- Rosemarie Loeliger
- Tatiana Flohr
- Anne Yui Fang
- Güler Samuray
- Silvia Romero
- Carolyn Joyner
- Olga Antonetti Nuñez
- Diane Thomas
- Anne Marie Sutherland (Port of Spain, Trinidad)
Notes
Withdrawals
- Jane Lim (due to illness)
- Michèle Wargnier (fainted during the preliminaries)
- Mireille Hollant
- Acidalia Medina
External links
Pageantopolis - Miss International 1962
References
1962
Category:1962 in the United States
Category:1962 beauty pageants
Category:Beauty pageants in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Daniyel Cimen
Daniyel Cimen (; born 19 January 1985 in Hanau) is a German football manager and former footballer of Aramean ethnicity. He is currently the head coach of Teutonia Watzenborn-Steinberg.
He was playing for Eintracht Frankfurt, but had some problems earning a spot in the regular squad. Eintracht Frankfurt loaned him to the then 2. Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig. After being relegated with Braunschweig, Cimen joined Frankfurt rival Kickers Offenbach in June 2007. Cimen moved from Kickers Offenbach to FC Erzgebirge Aue in July 2008, but returned to Eintracht Frankfurt in summer 2010.
Managerial career
Cimen was the manager of the U19 team of Eintracht Frankfurt, while he was playing a season for Kreisoberliga Hanau (VIII)-side FC Hanau 93. He was hired in the summer 2012, after leaving the club as a player, and was sacked as manager in the summer 2014 due to bad results.
In the summer 2015, Cimen was hired as the new manager of Rot-Weiss Frankfurt.
Honours
Club
Eintracht Frankfurt
DFB-Pokal Runner-up: 2005–06
References
Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Hanau
Category:Footballers from Hesse
Category:German footballers
Category:Eintracht Frankfurt players
Category:Eintracht Frankfurt II players
Category:Eintracht Braunschweig players
Category:Kickers Offenbach players
Category:FC Erzgebirge Aue players
Category:Bundesliga players
Category:2. Bundesliga players
Category:3. Liga players
Category:Germany B international footballers
Category:German people of Assyrian/Syriac descent
Category:Germany youth international footballers
Category:German people of Turkish descent
Category:Association football midfielders | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Pope Mountain
Pope Mountain () is a largely ice-free mountain (1,345 m) rising directly at the head of Tomilin Glacier, 3 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of Governor Mountain, in the Wilson Hills. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Thomas J. Pope, U.S. Navy Reserve, Navigator in LC-130F Hercules aircraft during Operation Deep Freeze, 1968.
Category:Mountains of Oates Land | {
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Luisa Corna
Luisa Corna (born 2 December 1965) is an Italian television presenter, singer, model, and actress.
Born in Palazzolo sull'Oglio, Brescia, at 16 years old Corna began her career as a model for, among others, Dolce & Gabbana, Missoni and Mariella Burani; she also posed for photographers Helmut Newton and Arthur Elgort. In 1992 she ranked second at the Castrocaro Music Festival with the song "Dove vanno a finire gli amori". In the late 1990s Corna began her television career, hosting several television programs such as Tira e Molla, Domenica in and Controcampo. In 2002 she entered the main competition at the Sanremo Music Festival, ranking fourth with the song "Ora che ho bisogno di te", a duet with Fausto Leali.
Corna also appeared on several films and television series, and dubbed in the Italian version of the animated film Shark Tale.
References
External links
Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from the Province of Brescia
Category:Italian television presenters
Category:Italian film actresses
Category:Italian television actresses
Category:Italian female models
Category:Italian pop singers
Category:Italian female singers
Category:Women television presenters | {
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Dryinidae
Dryinidae is a cosmopolitan family of solitary wasps. Its name comes from the Greek drys for oak: Latreille named the type genus Dryinus because the first species was collected in an oak plant in Spain. The larvae are parasitoids of the nymphs and adults of Auchenorrhyncha. Dryinidae comprises approximately 1800 described species, distributed in 15 subfamilies and 50 genera.
Description
The adult wasp can measure from 0.9 to 5.0 mm in length and in some cases can reach 13 mm. The body of the adult wasp has a 'waist' where it is constricted in the middle. The rear legs have spurs which may be used for grooming. The antennae have 10 segments. Many species have a marked sexual dimorphism, where males are totally different from the females in the size and shape of the body. Males have wings while females are often wingless and resemble worker ants. The ovipositor is retractable and not visible when retracted.
Life history
The female dryinid injects an egg into the host insect with her ovipositor. Females may also have front legs modified with a pinching apparatus which they use to restrain the hosts for their larvae during oviposition. The larvae are legless or have only vestigial legs. The larva feeds on the internal structures of the host, and as it grows larger it begins to protrude from the body. It develops a hardened sac (called a "thylacium") around its body for protection. The host is eventually killed and the larva leaves the dead body and spins a cocoon.
Gallery
See also
Gonatopus clavipes
References
External links
BioLib Incomplete taxon tree
Category:Apocrita families | {
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} |
Mount Emlyn, Queensland
Mount Emlyn is a locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia.
History
The locality is named after the mountain, which was originally known as Mount Allys, which was the family name of Lord Cawdor of the British House of Peers. It was renamed Mount Emlyn in the late 1800s, after the second wife of Francis Arthur Gore, grazier of Yandilla Station.
References
Category:Toowoomba Region
Category:Localities in Queensland | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Berean Christadelphians
The Berean Christadelphians are a Christian denomination.
History
In Britain the initial cause of the 1923 schism resulting in the formation of the Berean Christadelphians was concerning service in the police. Following the leading role taken by Frank G. Jannaway of the London Clapham ecclesia with government departments in pleas for the movement's recognition as conscientious objectors during the First World War, Jannaway and other South London brethren took issue with the discovery that two members at Birmingham Temperance Hall ecclesia (so known after the location of their rented rooms) were serving as special constables. This issue was doubly sensitive since Birmingham Temperance Hall was the ecclesia of Charles Curwen Walker who had succeeded Robert Roberts as editor of The Christadelphian Magazine on his death in 1898. In his study of the Christadelphians Bryan R. Wilson suggests that Walker had deferred to Jannaway during the war, and at the end of war as Birmingham returned to its former informal status of primus inter pares, the London brethren resented this. The Birmingham Temperance Hall meeting did eventually "disfellowship" the two special constables, after opposition from two Arranging Brethren of the ecclesia, A. Davis and T. Pearce, who signalled disagreement by abstaining in the final vote on the issue. The Clapham brethren then demanded of Birmingham Temperance Hall ecclesia that they also "disfellowship" A. Davis and T. Pearce for abstaining in the vote. This the brethren at Birmingham were unwilling to do, so London Clapham issued a letter "disfellowshipping" Birmingham, and more significantly any ecclesia in Britain that would not do likewise.
In 1924 the Clapham meeting split between two groups led by Frank G. Jannaway and his older brother Arthur T. Jannaway over whether the Matt.5:32 "exceptive clause" allowed divorce in cases of adultery. Those allowing the exception, led by Arthur, formed the "Family Journal" fellowship at Clapham Common Ecclesia, but did not seek to return to the main body of Christadelphians.
In 1942 most of the British Berean Christadelphians separated from North American Berean Christadelphians to form the Dawn Christadelphians – taking a stricter line than North American Bereans on divorce and remarriage. A substantial part of this group reverted to the main body of Christadelphians in 1993–1994.
North America
Prior to the developing dispute in Britain over special constables, in America another dispute had been simmering concerning the atonement. In 1913 Allen Strickler of Buffalo had written articles which were found by William Smallwood of Toronto and some others to contain a "substitution" theory of Christ’s death. C.C. Walker and Birmingham were unwilling to take sides and with two ecclesias at Buffalo, both claiming to follow the Birmingham Amended Statement of Faith, Walker stated "We are not aware that the ecclesias named are at variance with us" although the two ecclesias did not fellowship each other.
The Berean magazine had commenced publication in January, 1923 at London, England. Following the division in Britain Frank Jannaway became involved in the dispute in the U.S. and in 1925 published a booklet against Strickler and supporting Smallwood. As a result of the disagreement a majority of Amended Christadelphians in North America withdrew from the main body and allied themselves with London Clapham as the Berean Christadelphians. In July 1927 Frank Jannaway circulated worldwide a letter The Christadelphians Then and Now appealing for ecclesias to "stand aside from" Birmingham and all who would not.
This schism held to the formation of a doctrine of congregational fellowship which required entire ecclesias (congregations), to withdraw from any other ecclesia in fellowship with individuals or ecclesias in error. In 1892 Frank Jannaway had already authored an article Ecclesial Fellowship, published in the Christadelphian, where he presented his own ideas on fellowship in contrast to the more accommodating attitude being taken by some of the London Christadelphians towards the then current problem with John Andrew.
Reunion in America
In 1952 the majority of the Berean Christadelphian Fellowship rejoined the "Birmingham Central" body of Christadelphians ("Temperance Hall" was now known as the "Central Fellowship", since Birmingham Central had ceased renting rooms at Temperance Hall in 1932), In doing so this large group of Berean Christadelphians abandoned their insistence on the Berean Christadelphian understanding of the atonement and fellowship, although the bloc disfellowship approach of the Bereans lingers in many Amended ecclesias today.
Number of adherents today
By country:
United States - 221
Canada - 41
Kenya – 110
Malawi - 48
Uganda - 5
Nigeria - 33
United Kingdom – 18
Australia - 8
New Guinea - 2
Philippines - 8
Distinguishing characteristics
Over time the Berean Christadelphians have developed a culture which differentiates them radically from mainstream Christadelphians. They are differentiated by a number of doctrinal differences (listed after this paragraph). Some of these doctrines are shared with some of the "Unamended Fellowship" (but not the majority Christadelphian group known as the "Central Fellowship"), particularly beliefs on the atonement and what the Bible teaches about human nature (referred to commonly as 'the flesh'). Some of these doctrines are beliefs which the original Berean Christadelphians held in 1923, whilst others are later developments. A number of these beliefs are not held by any other Christadelphian fellowship, which the Berean Christadelphians take as indicative that they hold the correct understanding of the gospel.
The following is a list of beliefs which differentiate the Bereans from mainstream Christadelphians:
The Berean Christadelphian position on congregational fellowship (described above)
That sin is a physical substance which is the cause of moral transgression, disease and death
That babies die because they are made of this physical substance which is sin (and so inherit the wages of sin)
That although the Bible uses the word 'sin' in two different senses, it always refers to only one thing and not two separate things since sin and the cause of sin are one and the same
That God treats both sin and the cause of sin in the same way
That Jesus earned the wages of sin
That John Thomas (founder of the Christadelphian movement), was raised up by God to restore the Truth to the earth, and was chosen by God because of his unique fitness to the task
That God requires a sacrifice for "sinful nature", and that Christ therefore had to make a sacrifice both for his sinful nature and for the sinful nature of humanity
That human nature is physically defiled by sin even before personal transgression has taken place
That even without personal transgression, man is an abomination unto His Creator and has need for redemption through the shedding of blood
That those who do not value the writings of the "Pioneers" (John Thomas and Robert Roberts, early Christadelphians who were influential in the formative years of the movement), are on their way back to "the apostasy"
That the "Pioneers" should be the first reference for any interpretation of Scripture, and are authoritative in their interpretation of Scripture
Berean Christadelphians believe that true Christadelphians are those who agree with the beliefs of John Thomas and Robert Roberts (two early Christadelphians whose writings were influential in the formative years of the movement), and also believe that true Christadelphians are those who learn the gospel from the writings of these men rather than personal study of the Bible.
The Berean Christadelphians believe that the Bible should be interpreted according to the writings of these two early Christadelphians (to whom they refer as "the Pioneers"), and that all Scripture must be harmonized with the interpretations in these writings. Whilst denying that they believe either man was inspired, they state both men were raised up by God, and that John Thomas in particular was specifically chosen by God as being unique among men on the earth in his day.
Other characteristics
Many Berean Christadelphians refer to John Thomas as 'Doctor Thomas' rather than 'Brother Thomas' (as male members of the Christadephians usually are).
Please refer to online Berean Christadelphian archives for evidence of the Berean Christadelphian use of the phrase Brother Thomas, Bro. Thomas and other such references number in the thousands in the Berean Christadelphian magazine. Bereans doubt that the Bible alone is sufficient to teach the gospel, believing that the writings of either John Thomas or Robert Roberts are not only necessary but vital for a correct understanding of the Scriptures (considering the writings of John Thomas and Robert Roberts authoritative expositions of the Bible), and it is taught that neglect of the regular reading of these writings is 'to put our own salvation at risk!'. Bereans are typically suspicious of interpreting the Bible without the aid of the writings of John Thomas and Robert Roberts. The writings of John Thomas and Robert Roberts are considered authoritative expositions in the Berean fellowship, and Bereans will often quote them in discussion of Biblical issues instead of quoting the Bible.
Berean Christadelphians sometimes use a method of Biblical interpretation which is highly anagogical, with a heavy emphasis on typology and conjectural exposition. This is the method used commonly by early Christian expositors such as Origen and Augustine, and Berean Christadelphian exposition often resembles that of Origen in its appeal to analogue and typology. Whilst this method of exposition is also found in the main Christadelphian community, it does not predominate there as it does among the Berean Christadelphians Again, whilst in the main Christadelphian community it is used as a method of illustrating existing doctrines taught explicitly by the Bible, in the Berean Christadelphian fellowship it is frequently used as the foundation of doctrines not revealed explicitly in the Bible but which the Berean Christadelphians view as 'first principles', foundation doctrines which are necessary for salvation. Literal events described in the Bible are commonly declared to be typological of later events, and there is much speculation over the identity of the 'anti-type'. Discussions of this kind of exposition sometimes take place on online forums in a 'Mars Hill' format, in which conjectural exposition is proposed and encouraged.
References and footnotes
Category:Christadelphianism | {
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Bouillon
Bouillon [] () is a municipality in Belgium. It lies in the country's Walloon Region and Luxembourg Province. The municipality, which covers 149.09 km², had 5,477 inhabitants, giving a population density of 36.7 inhabitants per km².
Bouillon has a few schools, a lycée (middle school) and a gymnasium (high school), banks and a town square. Bouillon Castle still sits above the town centre, and is a popular tourist attraction.
History
In the Middle Ages Bouillon was a lordship within the Duchy of Lower Lorraine and the principal seat of the Ardennes-Bouillon dynasty in the 10th and 11th century. In the 11th century they dominated the area, and held the ducal title along with many other titles in the region. Bouillon was the location of the ducal mint and the dominant urban concentration in the dukes' possession.
There is a common misconception that Bouillon was a County. While the lords of Bouillon often were counts and dukes, Bouillon itself was not a county. The fortification of Bouillon Castle was, along with the County of Verdun, the core of the possessions of the Ardennes-Bouillon dynasty, and their combined territory was a complex mixture of fiefs, allodial land and other hereditary rights throughout the area. An example of the latter is the Advocacy of the monastery of Saint-Hubert en Ardennes, which was granted to Godfrey II by the prince-bishop of Liège.
The most famous of the Lords of Bouillon was Godfrey of Bouillon, a leader of the First Crusade and the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He sold Bouillon Castle to the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. The prince-bishops started to call themselves dukes of Bouillon, and the town emerged as the capital of a sovereign duchy by 1678, when it was captured from the prince-bishopric by the French army and given to the La Tour d'Auvergne family. The duchy was prized for its strategic location as "the key to the Ardennes" (as Vauban called it) and hence to France itself. It remained a quasi-independent protectorate, like Orange and Monaco, until 1795, when the Republican Army annexed it to France.
After the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, the city was given to the Netherlands in the 1815 Treaty of Paris. It has been part of Belgium since the Revolution of 1830.
Chronology
988 – First mention of the castle of Bouillon in a letter to Godfrey the Captive from his brother, Archbishop Adalberon of Reims.
1045 – Godfrey the Bearded rebels against the emperor, who has the castle destroyed.
1065 – Godfrey the Bearded comes to terms with the emperor and rebuilds the castle in Bouillon.
1082 – Bouillon Castle is inherited by Godfrey of Bouillon, who sells it to the prince-bishop of Liège for 3 marks of gold and 1300 marks of silver in order to finance his participation in the First Crusade. Pursuant to the treaty, Godfrey and his three successors retain the right to repurchase the castle at the same price but have no money to make good this privilege.
1129 – Godfrey's indirect successor, Count Renaud of Bar, captures Bouillon Castle by force.
1141 – The prince-bishop of Liège expels Count Renaud from Bouillon.
1155 – The Holy Roman Emperor confirms the prince-bishopric's rights to Bouillon.
1291 – The prince-bishops of Liège start to style themselves "Dukes of Bouillon", referring to the castle's former position as the seat of the dukes of Lower Lorrain.
14th century – Bouillon Castle, as an exclave of the prince-bishopric of Liège, is governed by specially appointed castellans.
1415 – The office of castellan becomes a hereditary possession of the van der Marck family, a cadet branch of the future dukes of Clèves and Jülich.
1482 – William de la Marck has Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège assassinated and succeeded by his own son John van der Marck. Another part of the chapter elects John van der Horn as an anti-bishop, thus plunging the prince-bishopric into a civil war.
May 21, 1484 – Treaty is signed at Tongeren, whereby the van der Marck family forfeits its claims to the prince-bishopric and supports Liège's struggle against Emperor Maximilian for the reward of 30,000 livres. Bouillon Castle is mortgaged to William van der Marck until the time of repayment.
1492 – The treaty of Donchery reiterates the provisions of the treaty of Tongeren. As no repayment follows, the van der Marck family retains Bouillon Castle and assumes the title of the Dukes of Bouillon.
1521 – The army of Emperor Charles V takes hold of Bouillon and restitutes it to the prince-bishopric of Liège.
1526 – Robert III van der Marck is promoted to Marshal of France and styles himself Duke of Bouillon on this occasion.
1529 – The Treaty of Cambrai obligates Francois I of France not to help Robert III in his struggle to retake Bouillon.
1547 – Robert IV van der Marck is made Marshal of France. The letters patent officially style him "Duc de Bouillon".
1552 – Henry II of France reconquers Bouillon from the prince-bishops and gives it to Robert IV.
1559 – The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis restitutes Bouillon to the prince-bishops of Liège, stipulating that the rights to the disputed territory are to be determined by a special arbitration, which never takes place.
1598 – The Treaty of Vervins again calls for arbitration of the dispute between the prince-bishopric and the van der Marck family.
October 15, 1591 – Upon extinction of the van der Marck family, their heiress Charlotte is married to Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Marshal of France.
May 8, 1594 – Charlotte van der Marck dies without issue, and her claims to Bouillon pass to her husband, Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne.
October 24, 1594 – Charlotte's cousin, Henri de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier gives up his claims to the Bouillon succession in exchange for an annuity.
August 5, 1601 – An agreement is signed between Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne and Charlotte's paternal uncle, Comte de Maulevrier, whose descendants continue to press their claims to Bouillon for the rest of the 17th century.
September 3, 1641 – Henri's son, Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, renounces his claims to the reward of 30,000 livres promised by the prince-bishops of Liege in the Treaty of Tongeren.
1651 – Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne exchanges his sovereign princely titles for several ducal and comital titles in the Peerage of France. The agreement obligates France to restitute Bouillon to the La Tour d'Auvergne on the first opportunity.
1658 – Pursuant to the convention of 1641, the prince-bishops of Liège pay 150,000 guelders to Frederic Maurice, but he continues to style himself Duc de Bouillon despite their protests.
1676 – The French army takes Bouillon from the prince-bishops and restitutes it to the La Tour d'Auvergne, as was promised by the exchange of 1651.
1679 – The Treaties of Nijmegen confirm the La Tour d'Auvergne in possession of the duchy of Bouillon. Although a French contingent remains stationed in Bouillon, the dukes exercise sovereign rights to coin money, create peers and grant other titles. They also claim Saint-Hubert as one of their "peerages".
1757 – Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne is welcomed in Bouillon as a sovereign duke, despite formal protests issued by the prince-bishop of Liège.
1786 – The 6th Duke of Bouillon from the La Tour d'Auvergne family adopts Philip Dauvergne, a British captain and his postulated relative.
June 25, 1791 – The 6th Duke of Bouillon issues a declaration naming Philip Dauvergne as his successor in Bouillon after extinction of the La Tour d'Auvergne family.
October 25, 1795 – Annexation of Bouillon by the French Republic.
December 27, 1796 – French Republic promulgates a law restoring all the estates of Bouillon to the 7th Duke.
August 26, 1798 – French Republic sequesters all the estates of Bouillon pertaining to the 1651 exchange.
March 8, 1800 – The sequester is repealed and the estates are restored to the 7th Duke of Bouillon.
February 7, 1802 – Death of the 7th Duke and extinction of the La Tour d'Auvergne family.
January 3, 1809 – The settlement of the Bouillon succession is endorsed by Emperor Napoleon.
1815 – The Congress of Vienna gives Bouillon to the Netherlands until the final settlement of the succession dispute between Philip Dauvergne (a British admiral by that time) and Charles-Alain-Gabriel de Rohan-Guemene (an Austrian general and the last duke's closest relative on his paternal side).
September 18, 1816 – Philip Dauvergne, ruined by the succession disputes, commits suicide, but the litigations concerning Bouillon drag on inconclusively until 1825.
Books about Bouillon
Other People's Countries: A Journey into Memory, by the Bouillon-born British writer, Patrick McGuinness
Geography
The town sits in a sharp bend of the river Semois (German: Sesbach, Walloon: Simwès, in France : Semoy) whose total length is 210 km. The surrounding area is largely forested.
The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Bouillon proper, Bellevaux, Corbion, Dohan, Les Hayons, Noirefontaine, Poupehan, Rochehaut, Sensenruth, Ucimont, and Vivy.
Villages
population centers include:
Historical population
Notable people
Philippe Albert, footballer, was born here in 1967.
Léon Degrelle, Walloon politician and Nazi collaborator, was born in here in 1906.
Patrick McGuinness, British-Belgian author
See also
List of protected heritage sites in Bouillon
Notes
References
External links
Webpage about the fortifications
Map of Luxembourg and Bouillon in 1789
Category:Dukes of Bouillon
Category:Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Category:Populated places in Luxembourg (Belgium)
Category:Populated places in Belgium | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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1984 Barneveld tornado outbreak
The 1984 Barneveld, Wisconsin, tornado outbreak is a significant severe weather and tornado event that took place across the central United States from North Dakota to Kansas on June 7–8, 1984. The tornado outbreak produced several significant tornadoes including an F5 tornado which traveled through Barneveld, Wisconsin, in the early hours of June 8, 1984. The entire outbreak killed at least 13 people across three states including 9 in Barneveld alone.
Meteorological synopsis
A low pressure system entered the Midwestern United States on June 7, 1984, and intensified while bringing a surge of moist and humid air coming from the Gulf of Mexico. After most of the affected areas were hit by a Mesoscale Convective Complex earlier during the morning of June 7, the unstable atmosphere, as well as wind shear and high CAPE values produced a favorable environment for the development of extensive severe weather with possible tornadoes. Starting at around mid-afternoon, it started to produce several tornadoes across southern Minnesota and northwestern and southern Iowa including three F3s and a long-track F4 which traveled over 130 miles from extreme northern Missouri to southwest of Iowa City. That tornado killed 3 people including one in Missouri's Harrison County. Another person was killed in Ringgold County in Iowa by an F2 tornado at around 9:00 PM CDT. Activity continued through the overnight hours as a new cluster of storms developed across Wisconsin near the Iowa and Illinois borders and produced strong tornadoes including the Barneveld tornado up until the early morning hours of June 8, 1984, before dissipating.
Straight-line winds in excess of 100 mph and very large hail were also reported in eastern Iowa from the storm that went on to drop the tornado in Barneveld, Wisconsin.
Tornadoes confirmed
The Barneveld Tornado
As the tornado activity calmed down across Iowa and Minnesota in which numerous strong to severe tornadoes struck those areas from mid-afternoon to mid-evening, the severe weather shifted east towards Wisconsin after dark where a tornado watch was issued at about 11:00 PM CDT. By this time, most of the residents of Barneveld had gone to bed and were unaware of the tornado watch. A supercell thunderstorm, which affected portions of southeastern Iowa with a few tornadoes at around 9:00 PM CDT before weakening and intensifying shortly after, entered Wisconsin from the Iowa/Illinois border at around 12:00 AM CDT near Dubuque. Shortly after 12:30 AM CDT, June 8, it produced its first tornado near Belmont in Lafayette County and lifted near Mineral Point in Iowa County about fifteen miles southwest of Barneveld.
A few minutes later, this storm system produced one of the few F5 tornadoes to hit Wisconsin, developing northeast of Mineral Point (five to six miles southwest of Barneveld). At 12:41 CDT this F5 tornado drove through the center of Barneveld in full force, finally dissipating in northern Dane County around 1:40 AM CDT after traveling 36 miles (62 kilometers) for 59 minutes. A sharp bolt of lightning followed by a deafening clap of thunder cut the electricity to the town just a few minutes before the tornado struck Barneveld, awakened many residents. (It is said that the loss of power prevented the tornado siren from being activated prior to its arrival. In actuality, the town did not have a distinctive tornado siren from the siren used to activate the town's volunteer fire and EMT squad. If a siren had been activated, the residents would not have known it was a tornado warning.) At its peak, the tornado was nearly a quarter-mile wide. Other tornadoes rated from F1 to F3 touched down from Columbia County to Dodge County until after 3:00 AM CDT when activity finally weakened.
The tornado was responsible for nine deaths and nearly 200 injuries in Barneveld while causing about $25 million in damage. In total, all three churches (the Congregational United Church of Christ, the Lutheran Church, and the Roman Catholic Church), 93 homes were destroyed as well as 17 businesses out of the town's 18, including the library, municipal building, fire station, bank, and post office. The village's water tower, though damaged, was not toppled by the winds. In addition, 64 other homes were badly damaged. The F5 damage occurred at a cul-de-sac on the northeast side of town. A cluster of several newly built homes were completely swept away at this location. Trees were debarked and vehicles were thrown and mangled. The Lutheran Church was completely leveled as well. Some of the debris including paper work were later found about 135 miles away from the village. Eight homes were also destroyed in Black Earth, and 24 additional homes were destroyed between Barneveld and Black Earth. Other tornadoes in Wisconsin caused two additional injuries and about $15 million worth of damage but no additional fatalities.
The National Weather Service in Madison reported the next day that the frequency of lightning flashes in the storm visible from Madison exceeded 200 per minute, the flashes running together into a strobe-like effect, as mentioned in media reports and books about the disaster.
The Barneveld tornado was more particular as it was one of the rare tornadoes to occur during the overnight hours well after sunset although EF5/F5 tornadoes have occurred elsewhere during night, including more recently in Greensburg, Kansas, on May 4, 2007 as well as in Birmingham, Alabama, in April 1998, downtown Lubbock, Texas, in 1970, Tanner, Alabama, and Guin, Alabama, in 1974 and Udall, Kansas, in 1955, the last being the deadliest Kansas tornado ever with over 80 deaths.
The Barneveld tornado was the first F5 in Wisconsin since the 1958 Colfax Tornado, which killed 21. It was the first F5 in the US since 2 April 1982 when one touched down near Broken Bow, Oklahoma; the next one occurred on 31 May 1985 in Wheatland, Pennsylvania, during the 1985 United States-Canadian tornado outbreak. The Oakfield Tornado of 18 July 1996, the most recent F5 in Wisconsin, did not cause any fatalities.
See also
Barneveld, Wisconsin
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
References
External links
Summary of the Barneveld tornado and supercell (NWS Milwaukee)
Analysis of the Barneveld Tornado (by Alex Harrington)
Category:F5 tornadoes
Category:Tornadoes of 1984
Category:Tornadoes in Iowa
Category:Tornadoes in Kansas
Category:Tornadoes in Missouri
Category:Tornadoes in Minnesota
Category:Tornadoes in North Dakota
Category:Tornadoes in South Dakota
Category:Tornadoes in Wisconsin
Barneveld, Wisconsin Tornado Outbreak, 1984
Category:June 1984 events in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Balls (mountain range)
The Balls are a mountain range within the Sierra Nevada, in Madera County, California. They are "glacier-carved granite domes" and have been described as "looking like smooth scoops of butterscotch ice cream". The mountain range has federal protection as part of the Sierra National Forest.
References
Category:Mountain ranges of Madera County, California
Category:Sierra National Forest
Category:Mountain ranges of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
Category:Mountain ranges of Northern California | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Medwyn Williams
Medwyn Williams MBE FNVS is a Welsh vegetable gardener, 11 times winner of the gold medal at the Chelsea Flower Show.
Born Richard Medwyn Williams in the village of Paradwys, the son of a farm worker and his family moved to Llangristiolus when he was a year old. Aged 8, his father helped him grow radish, mustard and cress in a one-yard plot. After this he helped his father grow various vegetables for garden shows in the Isle of Anglesey, where his father was known for growing long carrots.
Williams became a council official, and in his late 20s entered a "six of a kind" novice class at the Anglesey County Show in 1969. He then joined the National Vegetable Society at the Shrewsbury Flower Show, which led to his competing at most of the National Vegetable Society Championships. Invited by the Chief Executive of the Royal Welsh Show to stage a 15 ft exhibit there, Williams and his father won the large gold medal six years in a row.
After presenting for S4C at the Chelsea Flower Show, Williams decided that he wanted to show at Chelsea. Having to prove himself to the Royal Horticultural Society as being of sufficient quality, he was asked to stage his first RHS exhibit at the Hampton Court Palace Flower Show. Williams and his father won a gold medal on their first attempt, a cut glass vase for the best new competitor, and the Tudor Rose Award which is presented annually to the RHS by the Guild of embroiderers at Hampton Court Palace for the best display at Hampton Court.
Asked the following year, 1996, to exhibit at the Chelsea Flower Show, he grew his exhibits in the research establishment of the University of Wales, Bangor at Penyffridd, where he rents an 80 ft x 60 ft heated greenhouse, a totally cold 120 x 70 ft one, and has use of a small cold store to hold some vegetables back. Williams won 10 consecutive annual Gold medals at Chelsea, an accomplishment that had never been done before with vegetables. He won the President’s Award, 9 Gordon Lennox Trophies for the best vegetable of the year, and 2 Lawrence medals for the Best Horticultural display of the year.
After retiring from competition in 2005 to concentrate on his developing seed business, Williams has displayed internationally, including in Cincinnati, Ohio in April 2006, and lectured, including in Seattle. After his son and grandson joined the seed business in 2009, Williams displayed at the 2010 Chelsea Flower Show, again winning the President’s Award.
References
External links
Seed sales website
Tips at BBC's Gardening website
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:People from Anglesey
Category:Welsh gardeners
Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Looking for Alibrandi (film)
Looking for Alibrandi is a 2000 Australian film directed by Kate Woods from a script by Melina Marchetta based on her novel of the same name. The film is set in 1990s Sydney, New South Wales and features a cast of Australian actors, including Pia Miranda as Josephine Alibrandi, the film's main character; Anthony LaPaglia as her father, Michael Andretti, who left her and her mother before her birth; and Kick Gurry as Josie's love interest, Jacob Coote. The film won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film in 2000.
Plot
Looking for Alibrandi begins light-heartedly, and conveys Josie's character through her interactions with friends and family. However, the optimism initially associated with Josie fades as she struggles to cope with her final year of school, including the racist attitude of one girl in particular, Carly Bishop (Leeanna Walsman, the suicide of her crush, John Barton (Matthew Newton), and the meeting with Michael Andretti (Anthony LaPaglia), her absent father, who has only just learned of her existence upon returning to Sydney for work. She is also in continual conflict with her grandmother, Katia Alibrandi (Elena Cotta).
However, these complications are seemingly resolved quickly, in keeping with Josie's brusque and forthright outlook on life. For example, in response to Carly's frequent snide remarks, she breaks her tormentor's nose with a history textbook. It is this drastic act that brings her father back into her life.
Another complication—the suicide of her close friend and unrequited crush, John Barton—tests her resilience. Struggling with her grief, she finds some comfort from Jacob Coote. An apparent 'bad boy', he turns out to be sincere and caring person.
The most significant complication and challenge for Josie, is her rocky relationship with her father. When they finally get to know each other, and recognise themselves in each other, their rift heals, and she can confide in him.
Production
The film is produced by Robyn Kershaw. The entire film was filmed in Sydney, including such locations as Glebe (Alibrandi's house), Bondi Beach, Sydney Central Station on Eddy Avenue, the Studio space and entrance of Sydney Opera House (the Have your Say Day scene), George Street/Anzac Bridge (the scene where Jacob Coote sent Josephine Alibrandi home with his motorcycle), the Scots College and Kincoppal School were also used throughout the film, the main Quadrangle of University of Sydney (the John Barton and Josephine Alibrandi scene), Village Cinema (Jacob and Josie's date) and Oporto (where Josie works part-time).
Critical acclaim
The film, while not well known in international markets, has received critical acclaim for its insights into both the second-generation-migrant experience and the universal human condition.
Looking for Alibrandi was Kate Woods' directorial debut in film; Woods was acclaimed for "giving [the film's] multicultural terrain the true respect and depth it deserves."
Awards
Looking for Alibrandi won five awards at the 2000 AFI Awards:
Best Film–presented to producer Robyn Kershaw
Best Lead Actress–Pia Miranda
Best Supporting Actress–Greta Scacchi
Best Adapted Screenplay–Melina Marchetta (adapted from her own novel)
Best Film Editing–Martin Connor
Box office
Looking for Alibrandi grossed $8,300,000 at the box office in Australia.
117
See also
Cinema of Australia
Sydney in film
References
External links
Looking for Alibrandi on australianscreen online
Looking for Alibrandi at Oz Movies
Looking for Alibrandi at the National Film and Sound Archive
Category:2000s drama films
Category:2000 films
Category:Australian films
Category:Australian coming-of-age films
Category:Australian drama films
Category:Directorial debut films
Category:Films based on Australian novels
Category:Films shot in Sydney
Category:Films set in Sydney
Category:Italian-Australian culture
Category:Films scored by Alan John | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Deirdre Hyde
Deirdre Hyde (born 1953, Somerset, England) is a British artist. She went to school in Sherborne 1963 - 1970. In 1975 she graduated in Fine Arts from University of Reading and in 1977 she obtained her Certificate of Education for the UK.
Biography
Deirdre Hyde has painted continuously for the past forty years. Her work is in the permanent collections of the Smithsonian Institution, National Geographic Society, Frank Gehry’s Biomuseo in Panama, Canning House among others.
In her twenties, she was inspired by the adventurous tradition of Maria Sibylla Merian, Emilio Spann, Frederick Catherwood, Margaret Mee and Marianne North. She has spent 40 years chronicling the threatened nature of Central America. Her work has been reproduced in museums and publications throughout Europe and the Americas from Norway to Brazil.
Work and Experience
Work Life
1979-2000 for parks Services in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Belize (WWF), Guatemala (IUCN), El Salvador (USAID), Brazil and Mexico (Smithsonian Institution), Guyana (Conservation International) Cape Verde and Spain.
Illustration work has appeared in publications worldwide, notably for National Geographic Society, Rainforest Alliance and Scholastic Publishers.
1997-2001 worked as artist in residence at Abruzzo National Park in Italy
Group Shows
Diari de viaggio, Ferrara 2019
Valorarte, Costa Rica 2015
Ars et Natura, Rome 2000
Alpha House Gallery UK 1999
Museum Juan Santa Maria, Costa Rica 1994
Museo de Arte Costarricense 1993
Jacobo Carpio Gallery, Costa Rica 1992
Museo Nacional, San Jose 1988
Masaya National Park, Nicaragua 1988
Solo Shows
Patrimonio Cultural, Costa Rica 2017
Museo de Arte Costarricense 2012
Canning House, London 2008
National Theatre Costa Rica 1982, 2008
Museo Nacional Costa Rica 1989,2004
British Institute San Jose 1987,1990 1996
Public Permanent Collections
Ayuntamento de Alcala de Henares, Spain
Pizarro Museum Trujillo, Spain
Centro Parchi, Rome
Various Museums in Abruzzo, Italy
University of Camerino, Italy
Gerald Durrell, Jersey Zoo, UK
UNAM, Mexico
Canning House, London
Fundacion Neotropica, Costa Rica
Fundacion Amigo de las Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
Museo Calderon Guardia, San Jose Costa Rica
National Geographic Society, Washington DC, USA
Schumacher College, Dartington Trust, UK
Dorset Center for Rural Crafts, UK
Biomuseo, Panama
References
Category:1953 births
Category:Living people
Category:English muralists
Category:English women painters
Category:20th-century English painters
Category:21st-century English painters
Category:People from Somerset
Category:20th-century British women artists
Category:21st-century British women artists
Category:Women muralists | {
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PBA Bowling Tour: 2017 season
2017 is the 58th season of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) Tour. The 2017 schedule includes 24 singles title events, two doubles title events, and one non-title team event (PBA League).
Tournament schedule and recaps
For the second year in a row, the PBA held three consecutive major tournaments in "Big February": The Barbasol PBA Players Championship, Fire Lake PBA Tournament of Champions, and the USBC Masters. The U.S. Open took place October 25 through November 1.
The season's final major, the PBA World Championship, was again part of the World Series of Bowling (WSOB), which took place November 7–19 at the National Bowling Stadium in Reno, Nevada. WSOB IX consisted of four "animal oil pattern" tournaments (Cheetah, Chameleon, Scorpion and Shark), each of which are standalone PBA title events while collectively serving as initial qualifying for the PBA World Championship. Total pinfall from the 40 games of animal pattern qualifying (10 games per tournament) determined the 49 bowlers for the Cashers Round of the World Championship. Cashers then bowled 20 more games (5 on each oil pattern) to determine the top five for the November 19 stepladder finals.
In April, the PBA announced the first-ever Main Event PBA Finals, held May 18–20 in Orlando, Florida and broadcast for five consecutive Tuesdays on CBS Sports Network, starting May 30. This is an invitational event that serves as a type of bowling "playoffs", similar to The Chase for the Cup in NASCAR or the FedEx Cup in PGA golf. The event featured the top eight players in PBA Tour earnings, from the start of the 2015 season through this year's USBC Masters. Players were seeded 1–8 based on earnings, and split into Group 1 (1, 4, 5 and 8 seeds) and Group 2 (2, 3, 6 and 7 seeds). The groups bowled a mixed roundrobin match play session of four matches each, which made up the first two broadcasts. Players were then re-seeded within their groups, based on total pinfall plus a 50 pin bonus for every match win. Group 1 and Group 2 stepladder matches were held next, and were broadcast in the third and fourth weeks. The Group 1 and Group 2 winners then faced off in the fifth and final broadcast in a three-game, total pinfall head-to-head match to determine the PBA Finals champion.
For a second straight year, the PBA kept a rolling points list for all of the season's Xtra Frame tournaments (so designated because they are broadcast start-to-finish on the PBA's Xtra Frame subscription webcast service). Last season, a $10,000 winner-take-all bonus was awarded to the top points earner in the series. For 2017, the Xtra Frame series was renamed the XF PBA Tour Storm Cup, with Storm Bowling sponsoring an expanded award platform. The top points earner in 2017 won a $20,000 bonus, with additional payouts for second through fifth-place finishers ($10,000, $8,000, $7,000 and $5,000). Seven tour stops made up the Storm Cup series. Two additional tournaments (DHC PBA Japan Invitational and PBA-PWBA Striking Against Breast Cancer Mixed Doubles) were also covered exclusively by Xtra Frame, but did not qualify for Xtra Frame series points.
Highlights
Jason Belmonte became the only player in PBA history to win three majors in a single season (PBA Players Championship, USBC Masters, PBA World Championship), as well as the only player to win the USBC Masters four times.
With her win at the PBA Chameleon Championship in November, Liz Johnson became the second female bowler (after Kelly Kulick) to win an event on the national PBA Tour.
Season awards
Chris Schenkel PBA Player of the Year: Jason Belmonte
Harry Golden PBA Rookie of the Year: Matt Sanders
George Young High Average Award: Jason Belmonte (229.39)
Steve Nagy Sportsmanship Award: Chris Loschetter
Tony Reyes Community Service Award: Del Ballard Jr.
Tournament summary
Below is a current schedule of events for the 2017 PBA Tour season. Major tournaments are in bold. Career PBA title numbers for winners are shown in parenthesis.
C: broadcast on CBS Sports Network
E: broadcast on ESPN
X: broadcast on the PBA's Xtra Frame webcast service
References
External links
PBA 2017 Season Schedule
2017 PBA TV Schedule
Category:Professional Bowlers Association seasons
Category:2017 in bowling
Category:Ten-pin bowling | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Barry Llewelyn
Donald Barry Llewelyn (born 6 January 1948) is a retired Welsh rugby union player who gained 13 caps for Wales as a prop between 1970 and 1972.
Barry was born in Ashton, Lancashire and educated at Llanelli Grammar School. He began his first-class rugby union career at Llanelli, and joined Newport RFC in the 1968-69 season while studying at Caerleon College of Education. He made his Newport debut at in a 6-5 win at Pontypool on 13 November 1968. He made his Wales debut on 24 January 1970 against South Africa and gained 13 caps in total, 5 with Newport and 8 after he returned to Llanelli in the 1970-71 season. In his two seasons at Newport (1968-69 and 1969/70) he made 39 appearancess and scored 6 tries.
Llewelyn also played for Carmarthen Athletic, Hendy, Newbridge, Loughborough College and the Barbarians.
Wales
In 1970 he made his debut for Wales against South Africa. He scored his first and only try for Wales against Scotland in 1972. He went on and made 13 consecutive caps until a knee injury in 1972 interrupted his career - he never played for Wales again.
Notes
Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:Welsh rugby union players
Category:People from Ashton-in-Makerfield
Category:Wales international rugby union players
Category:Rugby union props
Category:Llanelli RFC players
Category:Newport RFC players
Category:Newbridge RFC players
Category:Barbarian F.C. players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Selysia bidentata
Selysia bidentata is a species of the genus Selysia native to Panama. It is high similarity to S. smithii. It has ovate seeds and there are 6-9 in each fruit. The fruits turn from green to red at maturity. The leaves have three lobes. Selysia bidentata can be distinguished from the 3 other species of Selysia by its bidentate (two teeth-like parts) seeds. Seeds of the other three species are shaped like arrowheads.
References
External links
Category:Cucurbitoideae | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Nutini
Nutini may refer to:
Hugo Nutini (1929–2013), Italian-born Chilean and subsequently American professor of anthropology
Paolo Nutini (born 1987), Scottish singer, songwriter and musician from Paisley | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Concord Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania
Concord Township is a township in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,344 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Concord Township occupies the southeastern corner of Erie County. It is bordered to the east by Warren County and to the south by Crawford County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.21%, is water. The South Branch of French Creek, part of the Allegheny River watershed, rises in the township. Tributaries to South Branch French Creek in the township include Lilley Run, Beaver Run, Spencer Creek, and Baskin Run.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,361 people, 490 households, and 385 families residing in the township. The population density was 41.2 people per square mile (15.9/km²). There were 536 housing units at an average density of 16.2/sq mi (6.3/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 98.38% White, 0.15% African American, 0.73% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.22% of the population.
There were 490 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $35,985, and the median income for a family was $40,962. Males had a median income of $30,433 versus $21,641 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,409. About 6.8% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.4% of those under age 18 and 2.6% of those age 65 or over.
References
Category:Townships in Erie County, Pennsylvania
Category:Townships in Pennsylvania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2012 British Athletics Championships
The 2012 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 22–24 June at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham. It was organised by UK Athletics. It served as a selection meeting for Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Medal summary
Men
Women
References
2012 British Championships. UK Athletics. Retrieved 2020-01-156.
External links
British Athletics website
British Outdoor Championships
Category:British Athletics Championships
Athletics Outdoor
British Athletics Championships
Category:Sports competitions in Birmingham, West Midlands
Category:2010s in Birmingham, West Midlands | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Gaijin à Go-Go
Gaijin à Go-Go is an American J-pop band from New York.
History
In 1999, former model and fashion designer Petra Hanson placed a newspaper ad looking for members for the "fun, fantasy, not fame" band she hoped to form. Bassist Sanford Santacroce, drummer Jon Young, keyboardist Catherine Carney and guitarist Yuji Horibe joined Hanson to form Gaijin à Go-Go. The number of band members varied throughout the years the band was active from the beginning five up to twelve members. Originally, the band planned to draw from multiple influences including French, Italian, Brazilian and 1960s Japanese music. It soon realized a scope that broad was not fitting, and settled on a 1960s Japanese pop culture for its inspiration.
In 2002, the band self-released its first EP, Hello Copycat, which garnered it attention from Sony Music International, with whom Go-Go signed a record deal. While performing a gig at Don Hill's in Manhattan, Gaijin à Go-Go was noticed by Sony Music executives, who signed them two days later. Sony hired Joe Blaney to produce the band's debut album. Go-Go released two full-length albums, Happy-55-Lucky and Merry-55-Round with Sony in 2003. The latter featured remixes of Go-Go's songs by Yasuharu Konishi, King Britt and Ursula 1000, and an original track recorded for Fuji-TV's broadcasts of New York Yankees baseball games. That same year, the band also contributed on Konishi's Atom is Born album. In 2006, the band's final album, Go-Go Boot Camp premiered at Brooklyn Botanic Garden's annual Cherry Blossom Festival. Gaijin à Go-Go was featured in the independent film Stanley Cuba, which released in 2007.
Gaijin à Go-Go tracks have appeared on the soundtracks of the television programs Travel Channel's Extreme Restaurants, MTV's The Hills and Fox's Touch. They also have songs featured in compilation albums Atom is Born: The Remixes, released in 2003 by EMI Music Japan; Wild Sazanami Beat Vol. 2, released in 2004 by Sanznami Records and Ursadelica, released in 2004 by ESL Records.
Discography
Hello Copycat (2002) self-released EP
Happy-55-Lucky (2003) released by Columbia and Sony Music International
Merry-55-Round (2003) released by Columbia and Sony Music International
Go-Go Boot Camp (2006) self-released album
References
Category:American pop music groups
Category:J-pop music groups
Category:Musical groups established in 1999
Category:1999 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Musical groups from New York City | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Fallout: New California
Fallout: New California is a fan-made modification and is an unofficial prequel to the action role-playing video game Fallout: New Vegas, made by Brandan Lee and Radian-Helix Media. It was released in two installments, with the first installment released on May 31, 2013, and the second installment released as a beta on October 23, 2018. Originally known as Fallout: Project Brazil, the modification was renamed to Fallout: New California on September 1, 2017.
In April 2018, the project entered private beta for the second installment. The public beta for Fallout: New California was released as planned on October 23, 2018.
Development
Project lead Brandan Lee of Radian-Helix Media, LLC was inspired by the games Fallout and Fallout 2 from Black Isle Studios. With the help of friends in the film, TV, radio, and live theater industries, Lee set out to create a modification of Fallout 3 for people who appreciated the style of the original Black Isle games. According to Lee, the mod was first conceptualized in 2010, but development didn't begin until 2012, with a prototype being released for Fallout 3, and the first full installment being released for New Vegas. Lee states that he headed a team of three people, with occasional community donations, who would spend four years creating the modification; eventually ending up with 5,000 lines of dialogue from twenty different actors and three hours of gameplay for the first installment alone. Lee named the mod "Project Brazil" partly due to inspiration by the Terry Gilliam film Brazil, and as a nod to Black Isle Entertainment through the Irish myth of the mythological island of Brasil.
90% of Project Brazils assets for BETA 1.0.0 were created between January 2012 and May 2013, when the story was refined after a year-long break away from the project. Lee created a worldspace the size of that found in Bethesda's Fallout 3, and wrote the dialog in tandem with level and character design. Freddie Farnsworth joined in January 2013 as lead project technician; applying a global NavMesh, and re-rendering the level of detail mesh on a computer custom built for the task. In 2017, the project was renamed to Project New California.
While in development, the final installment promised to expand upon the mod with new quests and factions. There are over 16,000 lines of dialogue in BETA 200.
Gameplay
Fallout: New California was split into two installments, the first was released in 2013, and the beta for the second installment was released on October 23, 2018. As with Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas, Fallout: New California has a radio station that comments on the actions of the player as the story progresses. The radio stations in Fallout: New California debuted with a completely original soundtrack. The player's S.P.E.C.I.A.L statistics have a greater impact on dialog choices with NPCs and player skills than in Fallout: New Vegas.
Story
Fallout: New California was planned to be broken into three segments but, by December 13, 2013, the third installment was scrapped. The first installment was released on May 31, 2013, the second installment was released on October 23, 2018. There are 13 possible endings. The story takes place in 2260, 21 years before the start of Fallout New Vegas.
First installment
The first installment is set in Vault 18 near the San Bernardino mountains at the San Bernardino Cajon Pass, after the events of Fallout 2. The player can choose to be either a Warrior or a Scientist. It is revealed that one of the prominent members of the vault is part of the Enclave, after which the vault erupts into civil war, with the player being able to side with the Enclave or defend Vault 18. The first installment has around 3 hours of gameplay time, and 7 hours including all of the branching content.
In the beginning, the player is selected as a replacement for the "Patriots" team, on the night of the final game of "Vault Ball" for the cup. During the match, the player can select to Tackle (Path of the Warrior) or Dodge (Path of the Scientist). Depending on the choice, the player can find himself in Coach Bragg's Office (Tackle), being praised for winning the game and offered a job in the Vault Security, or in the Vault Infirmary (Dodge), waking up from being injured and losing the game, with his/her leg broken.
After interacting with the residents, the player goes to sleep in the lower levels. Meanwhile, members of "The Patriots" team, radicalized by John Bragg, revealed to be a member of the Enclave alongside his sister, Chevy, the new Vault Security chief, begin an attack, causing an explosion and collapsing parts of the lower levels.
The player wakes up, finding his/her siblings dead.
Second installment
The second installment, released on October 23, 2018, focuses on the player dealing with three factions, the New California Republic, a band of raiders called the Survivalists, and the remnants of the Master's army from the original Fallout.
Reception
Project Brazil was ninth on Mod DB's Top Mods of 2013 list.
References
External links
Category:2013 video games
Category:Episodic video games
Category:Fallout video games
Category:Gamebryo games
Category:Interquel video games
Category:Role-playing video games
Category:Video game mods
Category:Video games developed in the United States
Category:Windows games
Category:Windows-only games | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The New Adventures of Zorro (1997 TV series)
The New Adventures of Zorro was the third animated television series to feature the character of Zorro. The show was on the air for one season, in 1997.
Plot
The show starred Michael Gough as Zorro/Diego de la Vega, with Earl Boen as Captain Montecero, the lead villain. Pat Fraley played Diego's father, Don Alejandro de la Vega, and Tony Pope was the bumbling Sergeant Garcia, who was popularized by Henry Calvin on the 1950s Disney live-action series. This series added elements of science fiction and fantasy to the Zorro legend, with the hero battling supervillains who used steampunk gadgets and magic. Zorro employed similar equipment designed by his mute manservant, Bernardo, and was aided by the magic of the Native American wise woman, Grey Owl.
Episodes
Season 1:
"To Catch a Fox" (September 20, 1997) - Zorro is caught in the middle when he must prevent the corrupt Montecero from using pilfered blasting powder, while Isabella sets out to learn the masked vigilante's true identity.
"Sting of the Serpent God" (September 27, 1997) - Zorro must prevent Montecero from stealing gold belonging to Mayans.
"Night of the Tolchen" (October 4, 1997) - Sergeant Garcia and his men accidentally release the Tolchen when they take his totem.
"The Beast Within" (October 11, 1997) - Zorro must save Grey Owl’s grandson, Little Squirrel, from a curse that has turned him into a monster.
"The Enforcer" (October 18, 1997) - Montecero hires a cyborg hit man to kill Zorro.
"Two Zorros Are Better than One" (October 25, 1997)
"Tar Pit Terror" (November 1, 1997)
"A King's Ransom" (November 8, 1997) - Don Alejandro is kidnapped by a masked man, who is revealed to be a renegade soldier he once stopped from overthrowing the king of Spain.
"The Pirates of San Pedro" (November 15, 1997)
"The Anti Zorro" (November 22, 1997) - Kidnapping an elderly Native American man, Montecero forces his captive to use his magic to create an evil duplicate of Zorro.
"Valley of the Manbeast" (November 29, 1997)
"The Revenge of the Panther" (December 6, 1997)
"The Iron Man" (December 12, 1997)
Season 2:
"The Samurai and the Sorcerer" (September 19, 1998)
"The Poison Pen" (September 26, 1998)
"Vision of Darkness" (October 3, 1998) - In the vein of It's a Wonderful Life, Zorro is shown what life would be like without him if he had never taken his chosen path.
"The Case of the Masked Marauder" (October 10, 1998) - An English detective decides to solve the mystery of Zorro's true identity.
"Return of the Conquistadors" (October 17, 1998)
"The Hunter" (October 24, 1998) - A hunter decides to make Zorro his next quarry.
"The Raiding Party" (October 31, 1998)
"The Four Horsemen" (November 7, 1998) - The Enforcer returns and takes the governor of California hostage.
"The Nightmare Express" (November 14, 1998)
"The Ice Monster Cometh" (November 21, 1998)
"The Secret of El Zorro" (November 28, 1998) - When Don Alejandro is bitten by a rattlesnake, Diego recaps the events that led to him becoming Zorro as his father lies in a coma.
"The Nordic Quest" (December 5, 1998)
"Adios, Mi Capitan" (December 12, 1998)
Cast
Michael Gough - Don Diego de la Vega / Zorro
Jeannie Elias - Isabella Torres
Earl Boen - Captain Montecero
Tony Pope - Sergeant Garcia
Pat Fraley - Don Alejandro Dela Vega
Additional voices
Ed Asner -
Dee Bradley Baker -
Mary Kay Bergman -
Susan Blu -
Victor Brandt -
Clancy Brown -
Warren Burton -
Hamilton Camp -
Brian Cummings -
Daniel Davis -
Ron Feinberg -
Ed Gilbert -
Jennifer Hale -
Mark Hamill -
Jess Harnell -
Sherman Howard -
Alan Oppenheimer -
Ron Perlman - Gomez Rudolfo
Mark Rolston -
Rino Romano -
Neil Ross -
Kevin Schon -
Glenn Shadix -
Fred Wolf -
Crew
Susan Blu - Voice Director
Home media
The show's first ten episodes were released on VHS in 1998 by Warner Home Video.
External links
Zorro at TV.com
Category:1990s American animated television series
Category:1997 American television series debuts
Category:1998 American television series endings
Category:Zorro television series
Category:Television series by Warner Bros. Television
Category:American children's animated action television series
Category:American children's animated adventure television series
Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series
Category:First-run syndicated television programs in the United States | {
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Power Duke
Power Duke was an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1960 Group 1 Oakleigh Plate.
He was owned by a group of people, including the late Alf Cane. Power Duke was put down only a matter of weeks after winning the Oakleigh Plate when his uncontrollable behaviour became too much for the trainer and owners.
References
Power Duke's pedigree and racing stats
Category:Racehorses bred in Australia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Leptomyrina gorgias
Leptomyrina gorgias, the common black-eye, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in southern Africa.
The wingspan is 18.5–29 mm for males and 25–32 mm for females. Adults are on wing, year round, with peaks in November and March.
The larvae feed on Kalanchoe, Crassula and Cotyledon species.
Subspecies
Leptomyrina gorgias gorgias (East Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal, Orange Free State, southern Mozambique)
Leptomyrina gorgias sobrina Talbot, 1935 (Somalia, eastern Kenya, Tanzania, northern Mozambique, Zambia)
Leptomyrina gorgias cana Talbot, 1935 (western Kenya, Uganda)
References
Category:Butterflies described in 1790
Category:Hypolycaenini | {
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Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud
General Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud (, ) is a Somali politician (not to be confused with Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud "Silanyo"). He served as the Minister of Health of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 17 January 2014 by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed. General Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud succeeded Maryam Qaasim when her post as Minister for Human Development and Public Services ended on 17 January 2014. The Ministry was split to allow the creation of 6 cabinet positions one of which was the Ministry of Health. The other 5 cabinet positions are Ministry of Education, Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Ministry of Women and Human Rights, Ministry of Sports and Youth. After falling ill, Mohamud was replaced at the position on 9 August 2014 with former Minister of Tourism and Wildlife Ali Mohamed Mohamud.
References
Category:Living people
Category:Government ministers of Somalia
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Place of birth missing (living people) | {
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Lyle Gramley
Lyle Elden Gramley (January 14, 1927 – March 22, 2015) was an American economist. Involved in economic policymaking during the Carter and Reagan presidencies, he served on the Council of Economic Advisers from 1977 to 1980, and on the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1980 to 1985.
Born in Aurora, Illinois, Gramley graduated from Beloit College in 1951. He then earned his Ph.D. from Indiana University.
References
Category:1927 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:People from Aurora, Illinois
Category:Beloit College alumni
Category:Indiana University alumni
Category:United States Council of Economic Advisers
Category:Federal Reserve System governors
Category:Economists from Illinois | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Spirit photography
Spirit photography is a type of photography whose primary attempt is to capture images of ghosts and other spiritual entities, especially in ghost hunting and has a strong history dating back to the late 19th century.
History
Spirit photography was first used by William H. Mumler in the 1860s. Mumler discovered the technique by accident, after he saw a second person in a photograph he took of himself, which he found was actually a double exposure. Seeing there was a market for it, Mumler started working as a medium, taking people's pictures and doctoring the negatives to add lost loved ones into them (mostly using other photographs as basis). Mumler's fraud was discovered after he put identifiable living Boston residents in the photos as spirits.
Other spirit photographers also started to sell photographs. A later spirit photographer was Fred A. Hudson, who took many spirit photographs for spiritualists in 1872. Through the 1880s into the early 20th century spirit photography remained popular, with notable proponents such as Arthur Conan Doyle and William Crookes. William Stainton Moses, another spiritualist, claimed that spirit photography operated by means of a fluid substance called ectoplasm, in which the spirits take form. Some spiritualists authored books supporting spirit photography. Georgiana Houghton wrote Chronicles of the Photographs of Spiritual Beings and Phenomena Invisible to the Material Eye (1892) and James Coates wrote Photographing the Invisible (1911).
One of the later spirit photographers was William Hope (1863–1933). The psychical researcher Harry Price revealed that the photographs of Hope were frauds. Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of Spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials.
Hope still retained a noted following from spiritualists such as Charles Lakeman Tweedale author of Man's Survival After Death (1920) as well as the author and spiritualist Arthur Conan Doyle, who refused to accept any evidence that Hope was a fraud and went to great lengths to clear his name, including writing a book supporting spirit photography, The Case for Spirit Photography (1922). In his book Fifty Years of Psychical Research, Price listed many spirit photographers who had been exposed as frauds. Price who had spent most of his life studying psychical phenomena wrote that "There is no good evidence that a spirit photograph has ever been produced", which is also the view of most psychical researchers.
Other spirit photographers exposed as frauds include David Duguid and Edward Wyllie. Ronald Pearsall exposed the tricks of spirit photography in his book The Table-Rappers (1972).
"Orbs"
According to University of Westminster professor Annette Hill, unusual light sources were often interpreted as "ghost lights" in spirit photography. Hill says that with the advent of digital photography, "the ghost light is re-imagined as an orb", and many paranormal-themed websites show pictures containing visual artifacts they refer to as "orbs" that are claimed and debated as evidence of spirit presence, especially among ghost hunters. However, such common visual artifacts are simply a result of flash photography reflecting light off solid particles, such as dust or pollen, or liquid particles, especially rain, or even foreign material within the camera lens, and are especially common with modern compact and ultra-compact digital cameras. Fujifilm describes the artifacts as a common photographic problem.
See also
Aura photography
Hidden mother photography
Spiritualism
Thoughtography
References
Further reading
James Black (1922). The spirit-photograph fraud: The evidence of trickery, and a demonstration of the tricks employed. Scientific American, 127, 224–225, 286.
Cyril Permutt (1983). Beyond the Spectrum: Survey of Supernormal Photography Patrick Stephens Publishers Ltd; 1st edition
Walter Franklin Prince (1925, December). My doubts about spirit photographs. Scientific American, 133, 370–371.
External links
Spirit Photography of Georgiana Houghton
Category:Paranormal terminology
Category:Ghosts
Category:Photographic techniques
Category:Paranormal hoaxes
Category:Photographs by topic | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ulan-Burgas
Ulan-Burgas (; , from улаан - "red", and бургааһан, "small birch" or "shrub"), is a mountain range in Buryatia, Russia.
The range is located close to Ulan-Ude, the capital of Buryatia.
Geography
The Ulan-Burgas range is located in Central Buryatia. It rises east of the Baikal Lake, stretching for from southwest to northeast between the valley of the Selenga River to the Vitim Plateau. The width of the range is from and and its average elevation between and . The highest peak is Khurkhag at located in the central part.
The northeastern end of the Ulan-Burgas connects with the Ikat Range and the eastern and southern ends are part of the Selenga Highlands. At one end of the range is the valley of the Turka River that flows into Lake Baikal and at the other end the Kurba, a right tributary of the Uda from the Selenga River basin.
Flora
The slopes of the range are mainly covered with Alpine-steppe vegetation from the foot of the mountains to an elevation between and , above which in most of the parts of the range there is a larch taiga forest belt up to about . The higher elevations are topped by "golets" type bare summits.
See also
South Siberian Mountains
References
External links
Category:Mountain ranges of Russia
Category:Landforms of Siberia
Category:Landforms of Buryatia | {
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Human skin mask
A human skin mask is a mask made of human skin, and may refer to:
The skin masks made by Ed Gein
Dead Skin Mask, a song in the album Seasons in the Abyss by the thrash metal band Slayer, about Ed Gein
The masks worn by Leatherface in the film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre
Other appearances of the concept include:
The synthetic mask used by Jeffrey Hatrix
An Ekoi mask featured in the section Human Skin Mask of the second episode of the third season of Ripley's Believe It or Not!
A set of masks that Marilyn Manson was accused of buying
A mask that appeared on a short-lived promotional poster for the film Hannibal
The masks in Game of Thrones used by Faceless Men from Braavos
The face of a guard used by Hannibal Lector in Silence of the Lambs
See also
Skin mask (disambiguation)
Category:Skin | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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South Florida Fair
The South Florida Fair is an annual fair held in West Palm Beach, Florida, every January. The fairgrounds site occupies and is located on the site of the former Palm Beach Speedway at the intersection of Southern Boulevard (US 98/SR 80) and Fairground Road, adjacent to the Coral Sky Amphitheatre. In 2012, the fairground celebrated its 100th anniversary since its opening in 1912. Nearly 500,000 people attend the South Florida Fair each year.
The fair features a midway of rides, games, and concessions, themed exhibition halls, an agricultural and livestock agriplex, and smaller exhibition areas. There is also Yesteryear Village, a history park on the northeastern corner of the property.
History
The South Florida Fair began as the Palm Beach County Fair in March 1912. The first fair took place under a single tent near the Palm Beach County Courthouse in downtown West Palm Beach over a four-day period. Sponsored by prominent local citizens, the fair aimed to showcase livestock, winter crops, and real estate, with farmers receiving monetary prizes from Henry Flagler. In 1913, the fair moved the railroad depot, located just north of its previous location. After the fair experienced growth in its early years, the Great Depression forced it to only operate a carnival midway between 1930 and 1937, before being discontinued altogether. The attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 disrupted plans to restore the fair in 1942. The fair resumed in 1946 at the National Guard Armory in West Palm Beach. Two years later, the fair moved to Morrison Field (now the Palm Beach International Airport) and stayed until the United States Air Force converted the airport to a military base for the Korean War a few years later.
In 1953, the fair incorporated as an organization. Between then and 1955, the fair was held at the Palm Beach Speedway, near the present site of the South Florida Fairgrounds. The fair moved to the current location of Palm Beach State College's (then known as Palm Beach Junior College) Lake Worth campus in 1956 after being deeded by the Palm Beach County government. However, the county reversed its decision and deeded the land to PBJC instead, forcing the fair to move to John Prince Memorial Park in 1957. Later that year, the fair bought the Palm Beach Speedway property, comprising about . The acquisition of the land occurred in June via the fair organizing selling $100,000 in bonds and receiving matching funds from the Florida Department of Agriculture after depositing $30,000. Additionally, Palm Beach County donated about in exchange for the property at John Prince Memorial Park, to be used to expand PBJC. Construction on two exhibition halls began on June 10. Finally, on January 27, 1958, the fair began operating at its present location. In 1960, the Palm Beach County Fair was renamed the South Florida Fair.
Organization
The South Florida Fair and Palm Beach County Expositions, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation organized and existing pursuant to Chapter 616 of the Florida Statutes. It has a Board of Trustees that consists of 17 people who are responsible for setting policy and seeing that management of the association is carried out under direction of an executive staff consisting of the President/CEO and currently two Vice Presidents. The Fair also has Directors who serve in an advisory capacity. There are currently 55 Directors. The Trustees and Directors are non-paid volunteers. The day-to-day operation is the responsibility of the President, Rick Vymlatil, who oversees a staff of over 45 full-time employees.
Economic impact
According to a study released in 2000 by Economic Research Associates, Inc., the South Florida Fairgrounds generated a total economic impact of $149,924,000 in 1999. This was prior to the development of the Expo East Exhibit Hall, the enhancement of Yesteryear Village (including the new Bink Glisson and the Sally Bennett "Big Band Hall of Fame") and the aggressive marketing of the Americraft Expo Center exhibit floor space. In addition, the Cruzan Amphitheatre alone is estimated to generate an economic impact in excess of $20 million. But not only does the Fair generate a significant economic impact, it makes a substantial annual cash distribution to the youth of this area from its own resources. In the 2007/08 fiscal year, the South Florida Fair paid in excess of $200,000 in scholarship and 4-H premium awards, compensation to choruses and bands performing during the annual Fair, and contributions to Palm Beach County schools through its Partners-In-Education Advance Ticket program.
Fairgrounds
Approximately comprise the property known as the South Florida Fairgrounds. In 1957, Palm Beach County gave the fair at its present site but later took back for the stockade. This contribution was made in consideration of the fair agreeing to relocate from John Prince Park in order that the County could vie for a state university (PBCC). The fairgrounds is partitioned into several pods or tracts: the parking tracts, Yesteryear Village, the Coral Sky Amphitheatre, and the exhibit buildings, including the Americraft Expo Center and the Agriplex. The space available on the fairgrounds for trade shows and exhibits exceeds . During the annual South Florida Fair, the southern parking tract is utilized as the "midway" containing rides, shows, games, and concessions.
Events
The main event on the fairgrounds is the annual South Florida Fair, which occurs over a 17-day period, generally in the last two weeks of January each year. Over the past several years, the annual fair has incorporated a theme as a means of stimulating tourism as well as the educational and cultural interest of the residents of Palm Beach County. For instance, "Florida" was featured at the 1998 fair and "Alaska"; "Tales of the American West"; "New England"; "Hollywood"; "Having a Ball"; "Dreams, screams, thrills, chills"; "Party with the Animals"; and "A World of Fun" were showcased in previous fairs. One of the greatest aspects of the annual fair is its agricultural and livestock exhibits which clearly provide the greatest variety of such exhibits anywhere within Palm Beach County. Even though agriculture is such a tremendous part of Palm Beach County’s economic base, many school children have never been exposed to it. However, at the annual South Florida Fair, not only can they see and learn all about agriculture, but can even witness a calf being born, or learn how a dairy is operated. The annual fair attracts nearly 500,000 people through its turnstiles. However, 650,000 people will attend various events on the fairgrounds on an annual basis. Besides the . Americraft (now South Florida Fair) Expo Center, there are 10 other smaller exhibit buildings along with the Cruzan Amphitheater, Agriplex, Palm Beach Model Railroaders and Yesteryear Village. These events constitute 250 event days.
Yesteryear Village
Yesteryear Village is a history park and exhibit on , showcasing buildings and artifacts from the 1850s to the 1950s. It exhibits a large collection of early, original, and replicated buildings, including an old school, a farm, a blacksmith shop, a general store, a church, a fire department, a post office, a bait & tackle shop, and the famed Riddle House. Included is the only big band museum in the United States, the Sally Bennett Big Band Hall of Fame Museum. Guided tours are available.
See also
Americraft Expo Center
References
External links
Category:Festivals in Florida
Category:Tourist attractions in Palm Beach County, Florida
Category:West Palm Beach, Florida
Category:1912 establishments in Florida
Category:Recurring events established in 1912 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Orthopedic surgery
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics, also spelled orthopaedics, is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.
Etymology
Nicholas Andry coined the word in French as , derived from the Ancient Greek words ὀρθός orthos ("correct", "straight") and παιδίον paidion ("child"), and published Orthopedie (translated as Orthopædia: Or the Art of Correcting and Preventing Deformities in Children) in 1741. The word was assimilated into English as orthopædics; the ligature æ was common in that era for ae in Greek- and Latin-based words. Though, as the name implies, the discipline was initially developed with attention to children, the correction of spinal and bone deformities in all stages of life eventually became the cornerstone of orthopedic practice. In the same book published by Nicholas Andry and designed by Antoine Humblot, appeared for the first time the omnipresent symbol used worldwide by orthopedic associations: a crooked tree tied to a strong post.
Differences in spelling
As with many words derived with the "æ" ligature, simplification to either "ae" or just "e" is common, especially in North America. In the US, the majority of college, university and residency programs, and even the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, still use the spelling with the digraph ae, though hospitals usually use the shortened form. Elsewhere, usage is not uniform: in Canada, both spellings are acceptable; orthopaedics usually prevails in the rest of the British Commonwealth, especially in the UK.
History
Early orthopedics
Many developments in orthopedic surgery have resulted from experiences during wartime. On the battlefields of the Middle Ages the injured were treated with bandages soaked in horses' blood which dried to form a stiff, but unsanitary, splint.
Originally, the term orthopedics meant the correcting of musculoskeletal deformities in children. Nicolas Andry, a professor of medicine at the University of Paris coined the term in the first textbook written on the subject in 1741. He advocated the use of exercise, manipulation and splinting to treat deformities in children. His book was directed towards parents, and while some topics would be familiar to orthopedists today, it also included 'excessive sweating of the palms' and freckles.
Jean-André Venel established the first orthopedic institute in 1780, which was the first hospital dedicated to the treatment of children's skeletal deformities. He developed the club-foot shoe for children born with foot deformities and various methods to treat curvature of the spine.
Advances made in surgical technique during the 18th century, such as John Hunter's research on tendon healing and Percival Pott's work on spinal deformity steadily increased the range of new methods available for effective treatment. Antonius Mathijsen, a Dutch military surgeon, invented the plaster of Paris cast in 1851. However, up until the 1890s, orthopedics was still a study limited to the correction of deformity in children. One of the first surgical procedures developed was percutaneous tenotomy. This involved cutting a tendon, originally the Achilles tendon, to help treat deformities alongside bracing and exercises. In the late 1800s and first decades of the 1900s, there was significant controversy about whether orthopedics should include surgical procedures at all.
Modern orthopedics
Examples of people who aided the development of modern orthopedic surgery were Hugh Owen Thomas, a surgeon from Wales, and his nephew, Robert Jones. Thomas became interested in orthopedics and bone-setting at a young age and, after establishing his own practice, went on to expand the field into general treatment of fracture and other musculoskeletal problems. He advocated enforced rest as the best remedy for fractures and tuberculosis and created the so-called 'Thomas Splint', to stabilize a fractured femur and prevent infection. He is also responsible for numerous other medical innovations that all carry his name: 'Thomas's collar' to treat tuberculosis of the cervical spine, 'Thomas's manoeuvre', an orthopedic investigation for fracture of the hip joint, Thomas test, a method of detecting hip deformity by having the patient lying flat in bed, 'Thomas's wrench' for reducing fractures, as well as an osteoclast to break and reset bones.
Thomas's work was not fully appreciated in his own lifetime. It was only during the First World War that his techniques came to be used for injured soldiers on the battlefield. His nephew, Sir Robert Jones, had already made great advances in orthopedics in his position as Surgeon-Superintendent for the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1888. He was responsible for the injured among the 20,000 workers, and he organized the first comprehensive accident service in the world, dividing the 36 mile site into 3 sections, and establishing a hospital and a string of first aid posts in each section. He had the medical personnel trained in fracture management. He personally managed 3,000 cases and performed 300 operations in his own hospital. This position enabled him to learn new techniques and improve the standard of fracture management. Physicians from around the world came to Jones’ clinic to learn his techniques. Along with Alfred Tubby, Jones founded the British Orthopaedic Society in 1894.
During the First World War, Jones served as a Territorial Army surgeon. He observed that treatment of fractures both at the front and in hospitals at home was inadequate, and his efforts led to the introduction of military orthopedic hospitals. He was appointed Inspector of Military Orthopaedics, with responsibility over 30,000 beds. The hospital in Ducane Road, Hammersmith became the model for both British and American military orthopedic hospitals. His advocacy of the use of Thomas splint for the initial treatment of femoral fractures reduced mortality of compound fractures of the femur from 87% to less than 8% in the period from 1916 to 1918.
The use of intramedullary rods to treat fractures of the femur and tibia was pioneered by Gerhard Küntscher of Germany. This made a noticeable difference to the speed of recovery of injured German soldiers during World War II and led to more widespread adoption of intramedullary fixation of fractures in the rest of the world. However, traction was the standard method of treating thigh bone fractures until the late 1970s when the Harborview Medical Center in Seattle group popularized intramedullary fixation without opening up the fracture.
The modern total hip replacement was pioneered by Sir John Charnley, expert in tribology at Wrightington Hospital, England in the 1960s. He found that joint surfaces could be replaced by implants cemented to the bone. His design consisted of a stainless steel one-piece femoral stem and head and a polyethylene, acetabular component, both of which were fixed to the bone using PMMA (acrylic) bone cement. For over two decades, the Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty and its derivative designs were the most-used systems in the world. This formed the basis for all modern hip implants.
The Exeter hip replacement system (with a slightly different stem geometry) was developed at the same time. Since Charnley, there have been continuous improvements in the design and technique of joint replacement (arthroplasty) with many contributors, including W. H. Harris, the son of R. I. Harris, whose team at Harvard pioneered uncemented arthroplasty techniques with the bone bonding directly to the implant.
Knee replacements using similar technology were started by McIntosh in rheumatoid arthritis patients and later by Gunston and Marmor for osteoarthritis in the 1970s developed by Dr. John Insall in New York utilizing a fixed bearing system, and by Dr. Frederick Buechel and Dr. Michael Pappas utilizing a mobile bearing system.
External fixation of fractures was refined by American surgeons during the Vietnam War but a major contribution was made by Gavril Abramovich Ilizarov in the USSR. He was sent, without much orthopedic training, to look after injured Russian soldiers in Siberia in the 1950s. With no equipment he was confronted with crippling conditions of unhealed, infected, and malaligned fractures. With the help of the local bicycle shop he devised ring external fixators tensioned like the spokes of a bicycle. With this equipment he achieved healing, realignment and lengthening to a degree unheard of elsewhere. His Ilizarov apparatus is still used today as one of the distraction osteogenesis methods.
Modern orthopedic surgery and musculoskeletal research has sought to make surgery less invasive and to make implanted components better and more durable.
Training
In the United States, orthopedic surgeons have typically completed four years of undergraduate education and four years of medical school. Subsequently, these medical school graduates undergo residency training in orthopedic surgery. The five-year residency is a categorical orthopedic surgery training.
Selection for residency training in orthopedic surgery is very competitive. Approximately 700 physicians complete orthopedic residency training per year in the United States. About 10 percent of current orthopedic surgery residents are women; about 20 percent are members of minority groups. There are approximately 20,400 actively practicing orthopedic surgeons and residents in the United States. According to the latest Occupational Outlook Handbook (2011–2012) published by the United States Department of Labor, between 3-4% of all practicing physicians are orthopedic surgeons.
Many orthopedic surgeons elect to do further training, or fellowships, after completing their residency training. Fellowship training in an orthopedic sub-specialty is typically one year in duration (sometimes two) and sometimes has a research component involved with the clinical and operative training. Examples of orthopedic sub-specialty training in the United States are:
Hand and Upper Extremity
Shoulder and Elbow
Total Joint Reconstruction (arthroplasty)
Pediatric Orthopedics
Foot and ankle surgery
Spine surgery
Orthopedic Oncologist
Surgical Sports Medicine
Orthopedic Trauma
These specialised areas of medicine are not exclusive to orthopedic surgery. For example, hand surgery is practiced by some plastic surgeons and spine surgery is practiced by most neurosurgeons. Additionally, foot and ankle surgery is practiced by board-certified Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (D.P.M.) in the United States. Some family practice physicians practice sports medicine; however, their scope of practice is non-operative.
After completion of specialty residency/registrar training, an orthopedic surgeon is then eligible for board certification by the American Board of Medical Specialties or the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists. Certification by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery or the American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery means that the orthopedic surgeon has met the specified educational, evaluation, and examination requirements of the Board. The process requires successful completion of a standardized written exam followed by an oral exam focused on the surgeon's clinical and surgical performance over a 6-month period. In Canada, the certifying organization is the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; in Australia and New Zealand it is the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
In the United States, specialists in hand surgery and orthopedic sports medicine may obtain a Certificate of Added Qualifications (CAQ) in addition to their board primary certification by successfully completing a separate standardized examination. There is no additional certification process for the other sub-specialties.
Practice
According to applications for board certification from 1999 to 2003, the top 25 most common procedures (in order) performed by orthopedic surgeons are as follows:
Knee arthroscopy and meniscectomy
Shoulder arthroscopy and decompression
Carpal tunnel release
Knee arthroscopy and chondroplasty
Removal of support implant
Knee arthroscopy and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Knee replacement
Repair of femoral neck fracture
Repair of trochanteric fracture
Debridement of skin/muscle/bone/fracture
Knee arthroscopy repair of both menisci
Hip replacement
Shoulder arthroscopy/distal clavicle excision
Repair of rotator cuff tendon
Repair fracture of radius (bone)/ulna
Laminectomy
Repair of ankle fracture (bimalleolar type)
Shoulder arthroscopy and debridement
Lumbar spinal fusion
Repair fracture of the distal part of radius
Low back intervertebral disc surgery
Incise finger tendon sheath
Repair of ankle fracture (fibula)
Repair of femoral shaft fracture
Repair of trochanteric fracture
A typical schedule for a practicing orthopedic surgeon involves 50–55 hours of work per week divided among clinic, surgery, various administrative duties and possibly teaching and/or research if in an academic setting.
Arthroscopy
The use of arthroscopic techniques has been particularly important for injured patients. Arthroscopy was pioneered in the early 1950s by Dr. Masaki Watanabe of Japan to perform minimally invasive cartilage surgery and reconstructions of torn ligaments. Arthroscopy allows patients to recover from the surgery in a matter of days, rather than the weeks to months required by conventional, 'open' surgery. It is a very popular technique. Knee arthroscopy is one of the most common operations performed by orthopedic surgeons today and is often combined with meniscectomy or chondroplasty. The majority of upper extremity outpatient orthopedic procedures are now performed arthroscopically.
Arthroplasty
Arthroplasty is an orthopedic surgery where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or some other procedure. It is an elective procedure that is done to relieve pain and restore function to the joint after damage by arthritis (rheumasurgery) or some other type of trauma. As well as the standard total knee replacement surgery, the uni-compartmental knee replacement, in which only one weight-bearing surface of an arthritic knee is replaced, is a popular alternative.
Joint replacements are available for other joints on a variable basis, most notably the hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, ankle, spine, and finger joints.
In recent years, surface replacement of joints, in particular the hip joint, have become more popular amongst younger and more active patients. This type of operation delays the need for the more traditional and less bone-conserving total hip replacement, but carries significant risks of early failure from fracture and bone death.
One of the main problems with joint replacements is wear of the bearing surfaces of components. This can lead to damage to surrounding bone and contribute to eventual failure of the implant. Use of alternative bearing surfaces has increased in recent years, particularly in younger patients, in an attempt to improve the wear characteristics of joint replacement components. These include ceramics and all-metal implants (as opposed to the original metal-on-plastic). The plastic chosen is usually ultra high-molecular-weight polyethylene, which can also be altered in ways that may improve wear characteristics.
Epidemiology
Between 2001 and 2016, the prevalence of musculoskeletal procedures drastically increased in the U.S, from 17.9% to 24.2% of all operating room procedures performed during hospital stays.
In a study of hospitalizations in the United States in 2012, spine and joint procedures were common among all age groups except infants. Spinal fusion was one of the five most common OR procedures performed in every age group except infants younger than 1 year and adults 85 years and older. Laminectomy was common among adults aged 18–84 years. Knee arthroplasty and hip replacement were in the top five OR procedures for adults aged 45 years and older.
See also
Outline of trauma and orthopedics
Index of trauma and orthopaedics articles
Bone grafting
Orthotics
List of orthopedic implants
References
External links
Category:Surgical specialties | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Classified information
Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance and need to know, and mishandling of the material can incur criminal penalties.
A formal security clearance is required to view or handle classified documents or to access classified data. The clearance process requires a satisfactory background investigation. Documents and other information must be properly marked "by the author" with one of several (hierarchical) levels of sensitivity—e.g. restricted, confidential, secret and top secret. The choice of level is based on an impact assessment; governments have their own criteria, which include how to determine the classification of an information asset, and rules on how to protect information classified at each level. This often includes security clearances for personnel handling the information.
Although "classified information" refers to the formal categorization and marking of material by level of sensitivity, it has also developed a sense synonymous with "censored" in US English. A distinction is often made between formal security classification and privacy markings such as "commercial in confidence". Classifications can be used with additional keywords that give more detailed instructions on how data should be used or protected.
Some corporations and non-government organizations also assign levels of protection to their private information, either from a desire to protect trade secrets, or because of laws and regulations governing various matters such as personal privacy, sealed legal proceedings and the timing of financial information releases.
With the passage of time much classified information can become a bit less sensitive, or becomes much less sensitive, and may be declassified and made public. Since the late twentieth century there has been freedom of information legislation in some countries, whereby the public is deemed to have the right to all information that is not considered to be damaging if released. Sometimes documents are released with information still considered confidential obscured (redacted), as in the adjacent example.
The question exists among some political science and legal experts, whether the definition of classified ought to be information that would cause injury to the cause of justice, human rights, etc, rather than information that would cause injury to the national interest, to distinguish when classifying information is in the collective best interest of a just society or merely the best interest of a society acting unjustly, to protect its people, government, or administrative officials from legitimate recourses consistent with a fair and just social contract.
Government classification
The purpose of classification is to protect information. Higher classifications protect information that might endanger national security. Classification formalises what constitutes a "state secret" and accords different levels of protection based on the expected damage the information might cause in the wrong hands.
However, classified information is frequently "leaked" to reporters by officials for political purposes. Several U.S. presidents have leaked sensitive information to get their point across to the public.
Typical classification levels
Although the classification systems vary from country to country, most have levels corresponding to the following British definitions (from the highest level to lowest).
Top Secret is the highest level of classified information. Information is further compartmented so that specific access using a code word after top secret is a legal way to hide collective and important information. Such material would cause "exceptionally grave damage" to national security if made publicly available. Prior to 1942, the United Kingdom and other members of the British Empire used Most Secret, but this was later changed to match the United States' category name of Top Secret in order to simplify Allied interoperability.
The Washington Post reported in an investigation entitled Top Secret America that, as of 2010, "An estimated 854,000 people ... hold top-secret security clearances" in the United States.
Secret
Secret material would cause "serious damage" to national security if it were publicly available.
In the United States, operational "Secret" information can be marked with an additional "LIMDIS", to limit distribution.
Confidential
Confidential material would cause "damage" or be prejudicial to national security if publicly available.
Restricted
Restricted material would cause "undesirable effects" if publicly available. Some countries do not have such a classification in public sectors, such as commercial industries. Such a level is also known as "Private Information".
Official
Official (Equivalent to US DOD classification FOUO – For Official Use Only) material forms the generality of government business, public service delivery and commercial activity. This includes a diverse range of information, of varying sensitivities, and with differing consequences resulting from compromise or loss. OFFICIAL information must be secured against a threat model that is broadly similar to that faced by a large private company.
The OFFICIAL SENSITIVE classification replaced the Restricted classification in April 2014 in the UK; OFFICIAL indicates the previously used UNCLASSIFIED marking.
Unclassified
Unclassified is technically not a classification level, but this is a feature of some classification schemes, used for government documents that do not merit a particular classification or which have been declassified. This is because the information is low-impact, and therefore does not require any special protection, such as vetting of personnel.
A plethora of pseudo-classifications exist under this category.
Clearance
Clearance is a general classification, that comprises a variety of rules controlling the level of permission required to view some classified information, and how it must be stored, transmitted, and destroyed. Additionally, access is restricted on a "need to know" basis. Simply possessing a clearance does not automatically authorize the individual to view all material classified at that level or below that level. The individual must present a legitimate "need to know" in addition to the proper level of clearance.
Compartmented information
In addition to the general risk-based classification levels, additional compartmented constraints on access exist, such as (in the U.S.) Special Intelligence (SI), which protects intelligence sources and methods, No Foreign dissemination (NOFORN), which restricts dissemination to U.S. nationals, and Originator Controlled dissemination (ORCON), which ensures that the originator can track possessors of the information. Information in these compartments is usually marked with specific keywords in addition to the classification level.
Government information about nuclear weapons often has an additional marking to show it contains such information (CNWDI).
International
When a government agency or group shares information between an agency or group of other country's government they will generally employ a special classification scheme that both parties have previously agreed to honour.
For example, the marking ATOMAL, is applied to U.S. RESTRICTED DATA or FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA and United Kingdom ATOMIC information that has been released to NATO. ATOMAL information is marked COSMIC TOP SECRET ATOMAL (CTSA), NATO SECRET ATOMAL (NSAT), or NATO CONFIDENTIAL ATOMAL (NCA).
NATO classifications
For example, sensitive information shared amongst NATO allies has four levels of security classification; from most to least classified:
COSMIC TOP SECRET (CTS)
NATO SECRET (NS)
NATO CONFIDENTIAL (NC)
NATO RESTRICTED (NR)
A special case exists with regard to NATO UNCLASSIFIED (NU) information. Documents with this marking are NATO property (copyright) and must not be made public without NATO permission.
International organisations
European Institutions, have four levels: EU TOP SECRET, EU SECRET, EU CONFIDENTIAL, EU RESTRICTED. (Note that usually the French term is used.)
TRÈS SECRET UE/EU TOP SECRET: information and material the unauthorised disclosure of which could cause exceptionally grave prejudice to the essential interests of the European Union or of one or more of the Member States;
SECRET UE/EU SECRET: information and material the unauthorised disclosure of which could seriously harm the essential interests of the European Union or of one or more of the Member States;
CONFIDENTIEL UE/EU CONFIDENTIAL: information and material the unauthorised disclosure of which could harm the essential interests of the European Union or of one or more of the Member States;
RESTREINT UE/EU RESTRICTED: information and material the unauthorised disclosure of which could be disadvantageous to the interests of the European Union or of one or more of the Member States.
Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation, a European defence organisation, has three levels of classification: OCCAR SECRET, OCCAR CONFIDENTIAL, and OCCAR RESTRICTED.
ECIPS, the European Centre for Information Policy and Security, has 4 levels of Security Information, COSMIC (TOP SECRET), EC-SECRET, EC-CONFIDENTIAL and EC-COMMITTEES.
By country
Most countries employ some sort of classification system for certain government information. For example, in Canada, information that the U.S. would classify SBU (Sensitive but Unclassified) is called "protected" and further subcategorised into levels A, B, and C.
Australia
On 19 July 2011, the National Security (NS) classification marking scheme and the Non-National Security (NNS) classification marking scheme in Australia was unified into one structure.
The Australian Government Security Classification system now comprises TOP SECRET, SECRET, CONFIDENTIAL and PROTECTED. A new dissemination limiting markers (DLMs) scheme was also introduced for information where disclosure may be limited or prohibited by legislation, or where it may otherwise require special handling. The DLM marking scheme comprises For Official Use Only (FOUO), Sensitive, Sensitive: Personal, Sensitive: Legal, and Sensitive: Cabinet.
Documents marked Sensitive Cabinet, relating to discussions in Federal Cabinet, are treated as PROTECTED at minimum due to its higher sensitivity.
Brazil
There are three levels of document classification under Brazilian Information Access Law: ultrassecreto (top secret), secreto (secret) and reservado (restricted).
A top secret (ultrassecreto) government-issued document may be classified for a period of 25 years, which may be extended up to another 25 years. Thus, no document remains classified for more than 50 years. This is mandated by the 2011 Information Access Law (Lei de Acesso à Informação), a change from the previous rule, under which documents could have their classification time length renewed indefinitely, effectively shuttering state secrets from the public. The 2011 law applies retroactively to existing documents.
Canada
Background and hierarchy
The Government of Canada employs two main types of sensitive information designation: Classified and Protected. The access and protection of both types of information is governed by the Security of Information Act, effective December 24, 2001, replacing the Official Secrets Act 1981. To access the information, a person must have the appropriate security clearance and the need to know.
In addition, the caveat "Canadian Eyes Only" is used to restrict access to Classified or Protected information only to Canadian citizens with the appropriate security clearance and need to know.
Special operational information
SOI is not a classification of data per se. It is defined under the Security of Information Act, and unauthorised release of such information constitutes a higher breach of trust, with penalty of life imprisonment.
SOIs include:
military operations in respect of a potential, imminent or present armed conflict
the identity of confidential source of information, intelligence or assistance to the Government of Canada
tools used for information gathering or intelligence
the object of a covert investigation, or a covert collection of information or intelligence
the identity of any person who is under covert surveillance
encryption and cryptographic systems
information or intelligence to, or received from, a foreign entity or terrorist group
Classified information
Classified information can be designated Top Secret, Secret or Confidential. These classifications are only used on matters of national interest.
Top Secret: applies when compromise might reasonably cause exceptionally grave injury to the national interest. The possible impact must be great, immediate and irreparable.
Secret: applies when compromise might reasonably cause serious injury to the national interest.
Confidential: disclosure might reasonably cause injury to the national interest.
Protected information
Protected information is not classified. It pertains to any sensitive information that does not relate to national security and cannot be disclosed under the access and privacy legislation because of the potential injury to particular public or private interests.
Protected C (Extremely Sensitive protected information): designates extremely sensitive information, which if compromised, could reasonably be expected to cause extremely grave injury outside the national interest. Examples include bankruptcy, identities of informants in criminal investigations, etc.
Protected B (Particularly Sensitive protected information): designates information that could cause severe injury or damage to the people or group involved if it was released. Examples include medical records, annual personnel performance reviews, income tax returns, etc.
Protected A (Low-Sensitive protected information): designates low sensitivity information that should not be disclosed to the public without authorization and could reasonably be expected to cause injury or embarrassment outside the national interest. Example of Protected A information include employee identification number, pay deposit banking information, etc.
Federal Cabinet (Queen's Privy Council for Canada) papers are either protected (e.g., overhead slides prepared to make presentations to Cabinet) or classified (e.g., draft legislation, certain memos).
People's Republic of China
The Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (which is not operative in the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau) makes it a crime to release a state secret. Regulation and enforcement is carried out by the National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets.
Under the 1989 "Law on Guarding State Secrets," state secrets are defined as those that concern:
Major policy decisions on state affairs
The building of national defence and in the activities of the armed forces
Diplomatic activities and in activities related to foreign countries and those to be maintained as commitments to foreign countries
National economic and social development
Science and technology
Activities for preserving state security and the investigation of criminal offences
Any other matters classified as "state secrets" by the national State Secrets Bureau
Secrets can be classified into three categories:
Top secret (绝密): defined as "vital state secrets whose disclosure would cause extremely serious harm to state security and national interests"
Highly secret (机密): defined as "important state secrets whose disclosure would cause serious harm to state security and national interests"
Secret (秘密): defined as "ordinary state secrets whose disclosure would cause harm to state security and national interests"
France
In France, classified information is defined by article 413-9 of the Penal Code. The three levels of military classification are
Très Secret Défense (Very Secret Defence): Information deemed extremely harmful to national defense, and relative to governmental priorities in national defense. No service or organisation can elaborate, process, stock, transfer, display or destroy information or protected supports classified at this level without authorization from the Prime Minister or the national secretary for National Defence. Partial or exhaustive reproduction is strictly forbidden.
Secret Défense (Secret Defence): Information deemed very harmful to national defense. Such information cannot be reproduced without authorisation from the emitting authority, except in exceptional emergencies.
Confidentiel Défense (Confidential Defence): Information deemed potentially harmful to national defense, or that could lead to uncovering some information classified at a higher level of security.
Less sensitive information is "protected". The levels are
Confidentiel personnels Officiers ("Confidential officers")
Confidentiel personnels Sous-Officiers ("Confidential non-commissioned officers")
Diffusion restreinte ("restricted information")
Diffusion restreinte administrateur ("administrative restricted information")
Non Protégé (unprotected)
A further caveat, "spécial France" (reserved France) restricts the document to French citizens (in its entirety or by extracts). This is not a classification level.
Declassification of documents can be done by the Commission consultative du secret de la défense nationale (CCSDN), an independent authority. Transfer of classified information is done with double envelopes, the outer layer being plastified and numbered, and the inner in strong paper. Reception of the document involves examination of the physical integrity of the container and registration of the document. In foreign countries, the document must be transferred through specialised military mail or diplomatic bag. Transport is done by an authorised convoyer or habilitated person for mail under 20 kg. The letter must bear a seal mentioning "PAR VALISE ACCOMPAGNEE-SACOCHE". Once a year, ministers have an inventory of classified information and supports by competent authorities.
Once their usage period is expired, documents are transferred to archives, where they are either destroyed (by incineration, crushing, or overvoltage), or stored.
In case of unauthorized release of classified information, competent authorities are the Ministry of Interior, the Haut fonctionnaire de défense et de sécurité ("high civil servant for defence and security") of the relevant ministry, and the General secretary for National Defence. Violation of such secrets is an offence punishable with 7 years of imprisonment and a 100,000 Euro fine; if the offence is committed by imprudence or negligence, the penalties are 3 years of imprisonment and a 45,000 Euro fine.
Hong Kong
The Security Bureau is responsible for developing policies in regards to the protection and handling of confidential government information. In general, the system used in Hong Kong is very similar to the UK system, developed from the Colonial Hong Kong era.
Four classifications exists in Hong Kong, from highest to lowest in sensitivity:
Top Secret (絕對機密)
Secret (高度機密)
Confidential (機密)
Temporary Confidential (臨時保密)
Restricted (限閱文件/內部文件)
Restricted (staff) (限閱文件(人事))
Restricted (tender) (限閱文件 (投標))
Restricted (administration) (限閱文件 (行政))
Restricted documents are not classified per se, but only those who have a need to know will have access to such information, in accordance with the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.
New Zealand
New Zealand uses the Restricted classification, which is lower than Confidential.
People may be given access to Restricted information on the strength of an authorisation by their Head of Department, without being subjected to the background vetting associated with Confidential, Secret and Top Secret clearances. New Zealand's security classifications and the national-harm requirements associated with their use are roughly similar to those of the United States.
In addition to national security classifications there are two additional security classifications, In Confidence and Sensitive, which are used to protect information of a policy and privacy nature. There are also a number of information markings used within ministries and departments of the government, to indicate, for example, that information should not be released outside the originating ministry.
Because of strict privacy requirements around personal information, personnel files are controlled in all parts of the public and private sectors. Information relating to the security vetting of an individual is usually classified at the In Confidence level.
Romania
In Romania, classified information is referred to as "state secrets" (secrete de stat) and is defined by the Penal Code as "documents and data that manifestly appear to have this status or have been declared or qualified as such by decision of Government". There are three levels of classification—Secret, Top Secret, and Top Secret of Particular Importance. The levels are set by the Romanian Intelligence Service and must be aligned with NATO regulations—in case of conflicting regulations, the latter are applied with priority. Dissemination of classified information to foreign agents or powers is punishable by up to life imprisonment, if such dissemination threatens Romania's national security.
Russia
In the Russian Federation, a state secret (Государственная тайна) is information protected by the state on its military, foreign policy, economic, intelligence, counterintelligence, operational and investigative and other activities, dissemination of which could harm state security.
Sweden
The Swedish classification has been updated due to increased NATO/PfP cooperation. All classified defence documents will now have both a Swedish classification (Kvalificerat hemlig or Hemlig), and an English classification (Top Secret, Secret, Confidential, or Restricted). The term skyddad identitet, "protected identity", is used in the case of protection of a threatened person, basically implying "secret identity", accessible only to certain members of the police force and explicitly authorised officials.
Switzerland
At the federal level, classified information in Switzerland is assigned one of three levels, which are from lowest to highest: INTERNAL, CONFIDENTIAL, SECRET. Respectively, these are, in German, INTERN, VERTRAULICH, GEHEIM; in French, INTERNE, CONFIDENTIEL, SECRET; in Italian, AD USO INTERNO, CONFIDENZIALE, SEGRETO. As in other countries, the choice of classification depends on the potential impact that the unauthorised release of the classified document would have on Switzerland, the federal authorities or the authorities of a foreign government.
According to the Ordinance on the Protection of Federal Information, information is classified as INTERNAL if its "disclosure to unauthorised persons may be disadvantageous to national interests." Information classified as CONFIDENTIAL could, if disclosed, compromise "the free formation of opinions and decision-making of the Federal Assembly or the Federal Council," jeopardise national monetary/economic policy, put the population at risk or adversely affect the operations of the Swiss Armed Forces. Finally, the unauthorised release of SECRET information could seriously compromise the ability of either the Federal Assembly or the Federal Council to function or impede the ability of the Federal Government or the Armed Forces to act.
United Kingdom
Until 2013, the United Kingdom used five levels of classification—from lowest to highest, they were: PROTECT, RESTRICTED, CONFIDENTIAL, SECRET and TOP SECRET (formerly MOST SECRET). The Cabinet Office provides guidance on how to protect information, including the security clearances required for personnel. Staff may be required to sign to confirm their understanding and acceptance of the Official Secrets Acts 1911 to 1989, although the Act applies regardless of signature. PROTECT is not in itself a security protective marking level (such as RESTRICTED or greater), but is used to indicate information which should not be disclosed because, for instance, the document contains tax, national insurance, or other personal information.
Government documents without a classification may be marked as UNCLASSIFIED or NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED.
This system was replaced by the Government Security Classifications Policy, which has a simpler model: TOP SECRET, SECRET, and OFFICIAL from April 2014. OFFICIAL SENSITIVE is a security marking which may be followed by one of three authorised descriptors: COMMERCIAL, LOCSEN (location sensitive) or PERSONAL. SECRET and TOP SECRET may include a caveat such as UK EYES ONLY.
Also useful is that scientific discoveries may be classified via the D-Notice system if they are deemed to have applications relevant to national security. These may later emerge when technology improves so for example the specialised processors and routing engines used in graphics cards are loosely based on top secret military chips designed for code breaking and image processing.
They may or may not have safeguards built in to generate errors when specific tasks are attempted and this is invariably independent of the card's operating system.
United States
The U.S. classification system is currently established under Executive Order 13526 and has three levels of classification—Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret. The U.S. had a Restricted level during World War II but no longer does. U.S. regulations state that information received from other countries at the Restricted level should be handled as Confidential. A variety of markings are used for material that is not classified, but whose distribution is limited administratively or by other laws, e.g., For Official Use Only (FOUO), or Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU). The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 provides for the protection of information related to the design of nuclear weapons. The term "Restricted Data" is used to denote certain nuclear technology. Information about the storage, use or handling of nuclear material or weapons is marked "Formerly Restricted Data". These designations are used in addition to level markings (Confidential, Secret and Top Secret). Information protected by the Atomic Energy Act is protected by law and information classified under the Executive Order is protected by Executive privilege.
The U.S. government insists it is "not appropriate" for a court to question whether any document is legally classified. In the 1973 trial of Daniel Ellsberg for releasing the Pentagon Papers, the judge did not allow any testimony from Ellsberg, claiming it was "irrelevant", because the assigned classification could not be challenged. The charges against Ellsberg were ultimately dismissed after it was revealed that the government had broken the law in secretly breaking into the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist and in tapping his telephone without a warrant. Ellsberg insists that the legal situation in the U.S. today is worse than it was in 1973, and Edward Snowden could not get a fair trial. The State Secrets Protection Act of 2008 might have given judges the authority to review such questions in camera, but the bill was not passed.
When a government agency acquires classified information through covert means, or designates a program as classified, the agency asserts "ownership" of that information and considers any public availability of it to be a violation of their ownership — even if the same information was acquired independently through "parallel reporting" by the press or others. For example, although the CIA drone program has been widely discussed in public since the early 2000s, and reporters personally observed and reported on drone missile strikes, the CIA still considers the very existence of the program to be classified in its entirety, and any public discussion of it technically constitutes exposure of classified information. "Parallel reporting" was at issue in determining what constitutes "classified" information during the Hillary Clinton email controversy when Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs Julia Frifield noted, "When policy officials obtain information from open sources, ‘think tanks,’ experts, foreign government officials, or others, the fact that some of the information may also have been available through intelligence channels does not mean that the information is necessarily classified.”
Table of equivalent classification markings in various countries
Corporate classification
Private corporations often require written confidentiality agreements and conduct background checks on candidates for sensitive positions. In the U.S. the Employee Polygraph Protection Act prohibits private employers from requiring lie detector tests, but there are a few exceptions. Policies dictating methods for marking and safeguarding company-sensitive information (e.g. "IBM Confidential") are common and some companies have more than one level. Such information is protected under trade secret laws. New product development teams are often sequestered and forbidden to share information about their efforts with un-cleared fellow employees, the original Apple Macintosh project being a famous example. Other activities, such as mergers and financial report preparation generally involve similar restrictions. However, corporate security generally lacks the elaborate hierarchical clearance and sensitivity structures and the harsh criminal sanctions that give government classification systems their particular tone.
Traffic Light Protocol
The Traffic Light Protocol was developed by the Group of Eight countries to enable the sharing of sensitive information between government agencies and corporations. This protocol has now been accepted as a model for trusted information exchange by over 30 other countries. The protocol provides for four "information sharing levels" for the handling of sensitive information.
See also
Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (U.S.)
Espionage
Espionage Act of 1917 (U.S.)
Eyes only
Government Security Classifications Policy (UK)
Illegal number
Information security
Official Secrets Act (UK, India, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand)
Security of Information Act (Canada)
State Secrets Privilege (US)
Wassenaar Arrangement
WikiLeaks
UKUSA Agreement
Five Eyes
Golden Shield Project
References
External links
Defence Vetting Agency. Carries out national security checks in the UK.
Peter Galison, Removing Knowledge in Critical Inquiry n°31 (Autumn 2004).
Goldman, Jan, & Susan Maret. Intelligence and information policy for national security: Key terms and concepts. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.
Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth, & K. Lee Lerner, eds. Terrorism: Essential primary sources. Thomson Gale, 2006.
Los Alamos table of equivalent US and UK classifications
Maret, Susan. On their own terms: A lexicon with an emphasis on information-related terms produced by the U.S. federal government. , FAS, 6th ed., 2016.
Marking Classified National Security Information ISOO booklet.
The National Security Archive – a collection of declassified documents acquired through the FOIA.
Parliament of Montenegro, Law on confidentiality of data. .
Parliament of Serbia, Law on confidentiality of data. .
U.S. Department of Defense National Industrial Security Program - Operating Manual (DoD 5220.22-M), explaining rules and policies for handling classified information.
Category:Information sensitivity | {
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Made in Japan (EP)
"Made in Japan" is the debut extended play and soundtrack by American singers Bella Thorne and Zendaya. The album was released on August 21, 2012 by Walt Disney. "Fashion is My Kryptonite" was released as promotional single on July 20, 2012.
Promotion
On August 3, Disney Channel premiere the music video of "Fashion is My Kryptonite". The song was also included in the Walmart exclusive version of Shake It Up: Live 2 Dance soundtrack. On August 4, Thorne and Zendaya were interviewed by Radio Disney and talked about the production of the EP. "Fashion is My Kryptonite", "Made In Japan" and "The Same Heart" was performed during the double episode of Shake It Up, also named Made in Japan. The performances reached 4.5 million views.
Commercial reception
All the songs peaked at Billboard Kid Digital Songs."Fashion is My Kryptonite" reached number two, "Made in Japan" peaked at number three and "The Same Heart" reached number four.
Track listing
Release history
References
Category:Shake It Up (American TV series)
Category:Bella Thorne albums
Category:Zendaya albums
Category:2012 debut EPs
Category:Walt Disney Records EPs | {
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Elstar
The Elstar apple is an apple cultivar that was first developed in the Netherlands in Elst in the 1950s by crossing Golden Delicious and Ingrid Marie apples. It quickly became popular, especially in Europe and was first introduced to America in 1972. It remains popular in Continental Europe, but less so in the United Kingdom.
The Elstar is a medium-sized apple whose skin is mostly red with yellow showing. The flesh is white, and has a soft, crispy texture. It may be used for cooking and is especially good for making apple sauce. In general, however, it is used in desserts due to its sweet flavour.
Descendant cultivars
Santana (Elstar × Priscilla)
Ecolette (Elstar × Prima)
Collina (Priscilla × Elstar)
Disease susceptibility
Scab: high
Powdery mildew: high
Cedar apple rust: high
References
External links
Orange Pippin - Elstar
Elstar produce profile
National Fruit Collection page
Category:Apple cultivars | {
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Herb Solway
Herb Solway, QC was a founding member of the Toronto law firm Goodmans, joining the firm in 1955 and serving as its chair from 1982 to 1994.
He has been closely involved with the Toronto Blue Jays since their inception in 1977 and served as a director and chair. According to the National Post, the Toronto Blue Jays would not have existed without the significant efforts of Herb Solway.
Solway has in past held directorships with Gluskin Sheff, Sun Media, Labatt Brewing Company, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the Tarragon Theatre.
In 2017, he was honoured with the Distinguished Alumni Award for lifetime public leadership and community achievement by the University of Toronto Faculty Of Law.
Son of Fanny and Alexander Solway, Herbert is married to the author Ann Shortell. He has four children and six grandchildren.
References
Category:Living people
Category:Lawyers in Ontario
Category:University of Toronto Faculty of Law alumni
Category:Major League Baseball executives
Category:Toronto Blue Jays executives
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
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Baxter Street
Baxter Street () is a narrow thoroughfare that runs in a north–south direction in the borough of Manhattan in New York City in the United States in North America. It lies between Mulberry Street and Centre Street. It runs through Little Italy and the edge of Chinatown. Today, it runs one-way southbound from Grand Street to Hogan Place, and one-way northbound for its southernmost block from Worth Street to Hogan Place.
Originally named Orange Street, Baxter Street was famous as the primary street to form the notorious Five Points intersection (originally a regular corner of Orange and Cross Streets, and then, Anthony Street, which was later renamed Worth Street, was cut through to the intersection in 1817, bisecting one of the four corners into two, so that the resulting junction consisted of five “points” on a map).
History of alignment
Previous to the middle of the eighteenth century, the area was still undeveloped. Orange Street is first shown in a 1754 map as a two block street running from the "High Road To Boston" (which later became Chatham St. and finally, Park Row), and ended at a small clearing where the later "bend" in the street would occur, which was at the time along the banks of the unnamed body of "fresh water" later known as the Collect Pond, with its marsh lying to the north. The future "Five Points" intersection was a normal crossing of two streets, Orange and Cross, with Cross Street running from Mott Street (as it always would), to an unmarked "Little Water Street", and then ending at the banks of the pond. Anthony Street (which would complete the "fifth point" and was later renamed Worth Street) did not exist.
By 1797, the alignment north of the bend is shown, running all the way to Prince Street, but this section was called "Mary Street". A walkway had been built next to the street, along the pond and its marsh and running from the bend to almost Hester Street.
In the new century, the street (the whole length by now renamed "Orange Street", and the areas to the west of it built up) was shown beginning in a dead end north of Prince Street. An 1803 plan, however, had it merge with Crosby Street at Houston Street. At Spring Street, Elm Street merged with Orange Street; and at Broome Street, Centre Street merged with Orange Street. The triangle formed by Broome, Orange, and Centre Streets was later the location of the original Centre Market.
By 1850, the current alignment was set in place with Centre Market becoming a full block between Grand and Broome Streets, with the portions of the original street alignment north of Broome being connected only to Centre Street and renamed Marion Place (and is currently known as Cleveland Place, with Elm, now Lafayette St., taking the alignment north of there and extending past the original dead end). The street on the east side of the Market, which was displaced a bit east of where Orange ends at Grand, also had taken on the name Centre Market Place.
On the southern end, Orange Street always ended at Chatham Street. Past there, another street, slightly to the east, named Roosevelt Street, continued to the East River waterfront.
Five Points
The southern end of the street deteriorated into a slum, largely due to the infilling of the Collect Pond, which lowered property values, causing the middle class to move out, and poor immigrants and African Americans to move in. The area, particularly the street, eventually became known for gang violence.
In between, the first bowling alleys also were opened on the street, behind the saloons at Nos. 51 and 63, and the tap dance was created by competing black and Irish dancers at a tavern at 67 Orange.
In 1854, to try to remove some of the stigma the area had taken on already, some of the primary streets were renamed, including Orange Street, which was then named after Charles Baxter, a state legislator who also to fought and died as a lieutenant colonel in the Mexican–American War.
Nonetheless, the area, and the street, would maintain its seedy reputation. Gangs included the Baxter Street Dudes, who ran the Grand Duke's Theatre from their headquarters on the street during the 1870s. When various artists and photographers (most notably, Jacob Riis) would capture the scenes of the Five Points intersection and the squalor of the area in the 1870s and '80s, many Baxter Street scenes, including such residences as the "Dens of Death" would be seen.
Revitalization
Later, much of the Five Points area was cleared. The east side, the Mulberry Bend, was turned into the Columbus Park in 1895. The west side of the street, and the entirety of Baxter Street south of Worth Street, was demolished for the Manhattan Civic Center in the 20th century. South of Canal Street, Baxter Street's west side adjoins the rear of the New York City Criminal Court, which is lined with numerous law and bail bond offices; Baxter Street is heavily connected to police and the law, despite having a history rife with crime.
In popular culture
The street's past was portrayed in a play by New York playwright Barbara Kahn, The Ballad of Baxter Street, which premiered in 2005 at Theater for the New City.
See also
Five Points
References
Bibliography
External links
New York Songlines: Baxter Street
Experiencing Baxter Street: Then and Now, Reality and Fiction
Category:Streets in Manhattan
Category:Chinatown, Manhattan
Category:Five Points, Manhattan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Barry Greenwald
Barry Greenwald is a Canadian documentary filmmaker, and co-founder of the Canadian Independent Film Caucus. While in his final year as a student at Conestoga College, he directed the 1975 film Metamorphosis, inspired by Czech documentary filmmaker Vaclav Taborsky, which won the Short Film Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. Upon graduation, he worked with the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) as a film editor, before directing documentary films independently.
Greenwald's films include the 1990 one-hour documentary Between Two Worlds, about Inuit Joseph Idlout. Produced by the NFB and Investigative Productions Inc., the film is included in the 2011 Inuit film collection, Unikkausivut: Sharing Our Stories.
References
External links
Watch films by Barry Greenwald, National Film Board of Canada
Biography, National Film Board of Canada
Category:Canadian documentary filmmakers
Category:Canadian film directors
Category:Canadian film producers
Category:National Film Board of Canada people
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Conestoga College alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Blaffer Art Museum
Blaffer Art Museum is the contemporary art museum located in the Arts District of the University of Houston campus. It was founded in 1973 and has won several awards, including the Coming Up Taller Award as part of the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities. The museum exhibits national and international artists as well as artwork by students.
History
The Sarah Campbell Blaffer Gallery was founded in 1973, named in honor of the late Sarah Campbell Blaffer, who during her lifetime made available to the University a collection of major artworks dating from the 15th century to modern day. This collection was purchased in 1979 by the Blaffer Foundation, an independent organization which is unrelated to the museum and the University. The income from the investment of the sale proceeds provides a portion of Blaffer Gallery's program budget. The Blaffer Art Museum has presented over 250 exhibitions. The current exhibition policy, adopted by the Advisory Board and University Regents in 1986, focuses upon art of the past 100 years and its artistic, cultural and intellectual antecedents. In 1999, the museum expanded.
The museum created and hosts education and outreach programs. In 1988, UHReach was founded and in 1998 Young Artists Apprenticeship Program (YAAP) was founded.
In 2008, the gallery acquired 149 photographs taken by Andy Warhol as a gift from the Andy Warhol Foundation. The photographs were featured in an exhibition entitled “Celebutants, Groupies and Friends” at the gallery. The collection included photographs of Jamie Lee Curtis, Billy Squier, late Studio 54 owner Steve Rubell, Pia Zadora, and others.
The Blaffer Art Museum was honored by the Institute of Museum and Library Services on November 4, 2009 when first lady Michelle Obama awarded the museum with the Coming Up Taller Award. The award gives $10,000 to art programs that help underprivileged youth.
In 2010, Blaffer Gallery was renamed to Blaffer Art Museum.
Exhibitions
It presents and originates between six and eight exhibitions annually. The annual schedule may include major traveling exhibitions that have a particular relevance to Houston audiences; mid-sized retrospectives of national and international artists; exhibitions of regional artists; thematic surveys which place artists' work into new contexts; and special projects by local artists. Blaffer Gallery is dedicated to conducting original scholarship and research in contemporary art history. The museum frequently forges collaborative partnerships from among Houston's wealth of cultural organizations and educational institutions. Exhibition-related public programs and activities complement and elucidate each exhibition, from casual Brown Bag Lunch Tours to lively audience interaction during their "Contemporary Salons."
Recent major exhibitions of artists include Radcliffe Bailey (2001); Fred Wilson: Objects & Installations, 1979-2000 (2003); Chuck Close (2003); Jessica Stockholder: Kissing the Wall, 1988-2003 (2004); Urs Fischer: Mary Poppins (2006); Amy Sillman (2007); Jean-Luc Mylayne (2007); Chantal Akerman: Moving Through Time and Space (2008); Existed: Leonardo Drew (2009); Jon Pylypchuk (2009); Josephine Meckseper (2009); Gabriel Kuri (2010); Tony Feher (2012); Andy Coolquitt (2013); Feast: Radical Hospitality in Contemporary Art (2013); Zineb Sedira (2013); Candice Breitz (2014); Mel Chin (2015); Janet Biggs (2015); Hubbard/Birchler (2015); Zina Saro-Wiwa (2015); Matthew Ronay (2016); Hilary Lloyd (2016); Slavs and Tatars (2016); Analia Saban (2017); Blake Rayne (2017); The Propeller Group (2017); Sergio Prego (2017); Anton Vidokle (2018); Richard Rezac (2018); Alfred Leslie (2018–19); Rebecca Morris (2019); and Amie Siegel (2019).
Blaffer Art Museum is free to the public and attracts over 30,000 visitors annually.
Programs
In 1988, Blaffer Gallery began a unique educational program for school children, UHReach. This program is now recognized nationally as an exemplary, multi-faceted outreach initiative. Blaffer has built intensive relationships with 18 elementary, middle and high schools in the neighborhoods surrounding the museum and UHReach serves schools from 24 area districts. Students from University of Houston and Texas Southern University are extensively trained and employed as docents for UHReach. They lead dialogue-based tours of the exhibitions and also visit school classrooms to conduct pre- and post-tour activities.
In 1998 the Blaffer Gallery founded the Young Artists Apprenticeship Program (YAAP), which provides a free after-school arts program to at-risk and special needs high school students. It is a six-week, after-school workshop and provides an in-depth exploration of an artistic medium, such as printmaking or videography. Students work with Blaffer staff and University of Houston students to create art, study current exhibitions and take field trips to local museums and galleries. The program finishes with a final project which is displayed in a museum exhibition and the top two students in the program win college scholarships.
Education
Education programs are central to Blaffer Art Museum's mission to serve as a resource for the study of art, art history and other related disciplines. By extending the educational and scholarly programs of the University to the community, the museum promotes learning as a continuous process, linking contemporary ideas and people. Through a broad range of programs, Blaffer presents enriching museum experiences while providing arts education opportunities for audiences of all ages and backgrounds.
References
External links
Category:University of Houston campus
Category:Art museums established in 1973
Category:Museums in Houston
Category:Art museums in Texas
Category:University museums in Texas
Category:1973 establishments in Texas | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Clivina subdepressa
Clivina subdepressa is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Kult in 1951.
References
subdepressa
Category:Beetles described in 1951 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Camptoloma interiorata
Camptoloma interiorata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is found in China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East.
The wingspan is 30–33 mm.
It is considered a pest on Quercus species and Sapium sebiferum.
External links
, 2005: Two new species of the genus Camptoloma (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Florida Entomologist 88 (1): 34-37. Full article:
Category:Arctiinae
Category:Moths of Japan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Minami-ku, Yokohama
is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 197,019 and a density of 15,550 persons per km². The total area was 12.67 km².
Geography
Minami Ward is located in eastern Kanagawa Prefecture, and south of the geographic center of the city of Yokohama. Large buildings and apartment complexes are built up along the area surrounding the highways and railways in the Ward; and all other parts of the Ward are residential areas. The Ōoka River is the major river in the Ward, and in spring many cherry blossoms come into full bloom on its banks. Gumyō-ji, located in the southern part of the ward, is the oldest Buddhist temple in Yokohama.
Surrounding municipalities
Hodogaya Ward
Nishi Ward
Isogo Ward
Naka Ward
Totsuka Ward
Konan Ward
History
Part of the domains of the Miura clan during and after the Kamakura period, the area of present-day Minami Ward was part of the tenryō territory in Musashi Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate, but administered through various hatamoto. During the Bakumatsu period, the area was the site of the 1863 Idogaya Incident in which anti-foreign rōnin assassinated a soldier of the French mission in Yokohama, precipitating a diplomatic incident.
After the Meiji Restoration, the area was transferred to the new Kuraki District of Kanagawa Prefecture, and divided into numerous villages. The area was absorbed into the growing city of Yokohama in four phases: 1895, 1901, 1905 and 1927. On October 1, 1927, what is now Minami Ward became part of Naka Ward within Yokohama. On December 1, 1943, Naka Ward was divided into present-day Naka Ward and Minami Ward. In a major administrative reorganization of October 1, 1969, Minami Ward was further divided into the present-day Minami Ward and Kōnan Ward.
Koganecho, an area known since World War II for black marketing and brothels, was located along the Ōoka River in the ward. In preparation for Yokohama's 2009 150th anniversary celebrations of opening up as a port, police chased away the prostitutes from the area starting in 2005. Since then, the area has undergone redevelopment.
Economy
Minami Ward is largely a regional commercial center and bedroom community for central Yokohama and Tokyo due to its extensive commuter train infrastructure.
Transportation
Railroads
Keihin Electric Express Railway - Keikyū Main Line
– - –
Yokohama City Transportation Bureau – Blue Line
– – –
Highways
Shuto Expressway Kanagawa No. 3
Yokohama Yokosuka Road
Route 16
Prefecture roads
Kanagawa Prefecture Road 21
Kanagawa Prefecture Road 218
Education
Private schools
Aoyama Gakuin Yokohama Eiwa High School (formerly Yokohama Eiwa Girls' School)
Local attractions
Gumyōji temple
Yokohama Municipal Children's Botanical Garden
Yokohama-Bashi Shopping district
in Maganechō(,)
Noted people from Minami Ward
Yuki Saito, actress
Erika Umeda, singer
Tadanobu Asano, singer
Yuichi Nakamura, actor
Akira Kamiya, voice actor
Shunji Karube, Olympic runner
References
Kato, Yuzo. Yokohama Past and Present. Yokohama City University (1990).
External links
Minami Ward Office
City of Yokohama statistics
Category:Wards of Yokohama | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Chkalovsk Microdistrict
Chkalovsk () is a residential area in Tsentralny District of Kaliningrad, Russia. It was formerly known by its German name Tannenwalde as first a suburban estate and then a quarter of northwestern Königsberg, Germany.
History
Tannenwalde was first documented in 1807. The fort V König Friedrich Wilhelm III., named in 1894, was built near Tannenwalde as part of the new Königsberg fortifications constructed from 1872 to 1894.
The estate of Tannenwalde, which contained a brickyard, developed into a garden town suburb of Königsberg in the 1920s. Its parish chapel became independent in 1930. Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe, constructed an air base nearby in 1935. Tannenwalde was incorporated into Königsberg in 1939. The quarter of Charlottenburg lay to the southeast.
Königsberg was transferred to Soviet control in 1945 after World War II. In 1948 Tannenwalde was renamed Chkalovsk, after the pilot Valery Chkalov. It contains Kaliningrad Chkalovsk air base.
Notes
References
Category:Kaliningrad
Category:Populated places established in 1807 | {
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Trams in Valladolid
Trams in Valladolid was the basis of the transit system in the Spanish city of Valladolid. Trams operated in Valladolid from 1881 until 1933. Trams were not only used for passengers in Valladolid, but also for urban freight transport.
Animal traction (1881–1910)
The company Sociedad General de Tranvías Interiores de Valladolid was created in 1879, headed by Valerio Morales, who presents a proposal for developing the system. Valladolid City Council invited tenders for building and operating the metric gauge tram network, using animal traction. The mentioned society won the contract in June 1880. Immediately, Eduardo Barral, a Catalan entrepreneur, bought the company. The first line was opened on 22 December 1881. It was a 2.100 metres route starting at railway station. It continued by Acera de Recoletos, Santiago Street, Plaza Mayor, Lencería Street, Platerías Street, Cantarranas Street (current Macías Picavea) and Corredera Street (current Angustias), crossing Plaza de San Pablo in order to reach the old bullring. Trams depot was located in Plaza de San Pablo, just in the plot now occupied by Zorrilla High School. The service was provided by four coaches and later enlarged with two more. Each coach was moved by two mules. Six years later rails reached the railway station platforms, making the transfer between train and tram easier.
In 1899, a Belgian company bought the society. Although they wanted to introduce the electrical traction, it was not possible until the company was sold again. However, during this period few extensions were built. The primitive line was expanded to Plaza de San Bartolomé, crossing the river Pisuerga. In addition, a branch was added to serve the Audience and the Cemetery and a new line was opened linking Plaza Mayor and the new bullring built on Paseo Zorrilla.
A local business man and politician, Santiago Alba, promoted a change in the company with other partners and bought it in August 1909. The main objective of new owners was electrify the network.
Electric traction (1910–1933)
In February 1910 the company received the licence to change the traction of the system, and the works to do so started on 26 May 1910. The first line with electric traction opened on 7 September 1910 and it put together the southern part of the scheme (lines between Plaza Mayor, bullring and railway station). In October 1910 two more lines were powered by electricity, Plaza Mayor – Plaza de San Bartolomé / Audience. On 18 April 1911 the line to Cemetery was also electrified. The new depot was located next to Campo Grande park. Apart from works related to the change on traction system, two more routes were opened in 1911, a southern expansion to La Rubia from bullring place and a northern branch from Plaza de San Bartolomé to the ending point of Canal de Castilla. The network reached 12,279 kilometers.
Tram system was not enough efficient as the city expansion registered the two first decades of 20th century. In 1928 the City Council decided to complement this transit system with an urban bus network. This represented a strong rival because of its higher speed and reliability. It led a fast decreasing on passenger statistics after 1930, making the tramway company financially unsustainable. Trams stopped to run on 6 November 1933, and the bid expired in 1940.
References
Category:Tram transport in Spain
Valladolid | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Absher
Absher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dick Absher (born 1944), American football linebacker
Tessema Absher (born 1986), Ethiopian athlete
See also
Absher (application), Saudi Arabian mobile application
Absher, Kentucky, United States, an unincorporated community
Dykersburg, Illinois, United States, an unincorporated community known as Absher in the past | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Joseph-Arthur Bernier
Joseph-Arthur Bernier (19 March 1877 – 28 April 1944) was a Canadian organist, pianist, composer, and music educator. Born in Lévis, Quebec, he was the senior member of a prominent family of musicians from Quebec City. He is the father of pianist Gabrielle Bernier, cellist Maurice Bernier, and composer and keyboardist Conrad Bernier, and the grandfather of musicians Françoys Bernier, Madeleine Bernier, and Pierre Bernier. His compositional output includes 4 masses, several motets, pieces for solo organ, a Berceuse for violin, a Pastorale for oboe, a Cantilène for cello, and a Mazurka for piano.
Bernier was a pupil of Gustave Gagnon and Philéas Roy in Quebec City, and Alexandre Guilmant and Félix Fourdrain in Paris. He served as organist at several churches in Quebec City, including St-Sauveur Church (1892–1908), Notre-Dame-de-Jacques-Cartier Church (1908–17), and St-Jean-Baptiste Church (1917–1944). He also gave recitals throughout the United States and Canada during the first two decades of the 20th century. He was president of the Académie de musique du Québec in 1910-11 and 1912–13, and taught on the music faculty at Université Laval from 1922-1944. His notable students include Clotilde Coulombe, Rolland-G. Gingras, Omer Létourneau, and Georges-Émile Tanguay.
References
Category:1877 births
Category:1944 deaths
Category:Canadian composers
Category:Canadian male composers
Category:Canadian organists
Category:Male organists
Category:Canadian pianists
Category:Canadian music educators
Category:People from Lévis, Quebec
Category:Université Laval faculty
Category:Canadian male pianists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2013 European Athletics Junior Championships – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres at the 2013 European Athletics Junior Championships was held in Rieti on 18 and 19 July.
Medalists
Records
Prior to the competition, the existing world junior and championship records were as follows.
Schedule
Results
Heats
Qualification: First 3 in each heat (Q) and 4 best performers (q) advance to the semifinals.
Semifinals
Qualification: First 3 in each heat (Q) and 2 best performers (q) advance to the final.
Final
Wind:
References
400 metres
Category:400 metres | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Demetrius the Chronographer
Demetrius the Chronographer (or Demetrius the Chronicler; ) was a Jewish chronicler (historian) of the late 3rd century BCE, who lived probably in Alexandria and wrote in Greek.
Works
His text is almost lost and only a few fragments have survived in the following ancient texts: Eusebius's Praeparatio Evangelica, the Stromata of Clement of Alexandria and in quotations from the book About Jews of the historian Alexander Polyhistor (used by Eusebius).
From the orthography of proper names, and from various expressions used, it is evident that Demetrius used the Septuagint text of the Bible. For the determination of certain dates he relied on the Biblical exegesis in use among the Palestinian Jews. Josephus used Demetrius' chronicles for his Antiquities of the Jews and adopted his chronological system.
Demetrius is not an apologist in the usual meaning: his main focus is patriarchal chronology, and there is no attention given to theological matters.
Fragments
There are six fragments usually considered Demetrius' work. The first short fragment (found in Praeparatio Evangelica 9.19.4) is about the sacrifice of Isaac ().
The second fragment is the longest we have. It is found in Praeparatio Evangelica 9.21.1-19 and deals with the history of Jacob from the time of his emigration to Mesopotamia till his death. Demetrius endeavors to establish the Biblical chronology and gives the date of every incident in Jacob's life, even fixing the year and month in which each of Jacob's children was born. The excerpt concludes with the genealogy of Levi down to the birth of Aaron and Moses.
The third fragment (Praeparatio Evangelica 9.29.1-3) is an extract from the history of Moses, laying stress on the genealogy of Jethro in order to demonstrate that Zipporah, the wife of Moses, was a descendant of Abraham and Keturah. The fourth fragment (Praeparatio Evangelica 9.29.15) gives an account of the sweetening of the water of Marah (). Fragment five (Praeparatio Evangelica 9.29.15-end) is very short and is about Israelites's weapons referred to in chapter 14 of Exodus.
The last fragment was preserved by Clement of Alexandria (Stromata i. 21, 141), who gives the title of Demetrius' chronicles as Περὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ Βασιλέων (On the Kings of Judea). This fragment endeavors to determine exactly the period of the exile of the Ten Lost Tribes, and that of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin till Ptolemy IV Philopator, in whose reign Demetrius evidently lived.
Notes
References
Bickerman, Elias J., The Jewish historian Demetrios, In: Christianity, Judaism and Other Greco-Roman Cults, III (1975) pp. 72–84
External links
Article on JewishEncyclopedia
Article on EarlyJewishWritings
Fragments in English Translation
Category:3rd-century BC historians
Category:Jews of Ptolemaic Alexandria
Category:Hellenistic Jewish writers
Category:Hellenistic-era historians
Category:Ancient Egyptian writers
Category:Ancient Egyptian historians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Oberea leucothrix
Oberea leucothrix is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Toyoshima in 1982.
References
Category:Oberea
Category:Beetles described in 1982 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Antimache
In Greek mythology, Antimache (Ancient Greek: Ἀντιμάχη) was the queen of Tiryns as wife of King Eurystheus, who tasked Heracles with his Labors. She was of Arcadian descent as the daughter of Amphidamas of Arcadia and the sister of Hippomenes, husband of the heroine Atalanta. Together with her husband Eurystheus, Antimache bore the following children: Admete, Alexander, Iphimedon, Eurybius, Mentor, and Perimedes.
Antimache appears in the 2014 film Hercules, played by Barbara Palvin.
References
Category:Queens in Greek mythology
Category:Women in Greek mythology
Category:Characters in Greek mythology
Category:Arcadian mythology | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lex Luger (musician)
Lexus Arnel Lewis (born March 6, 1991), professionally known as Lex Luger, is an American record producer of trap. His stage name is inspired by the famous WCW/WWF professional wrestler Lex Luger. He co-founded the American hip hop production team 808 Mafia with Southside. Luger is also a member of the hip hop production duo Low Pros with A-Trak and the VABP (Virginia Boyz Productionz), a hip hop group that he founded in high school.
Career
Early life and career beginnings
Growing up Luger played percussion for his church and drummed in church bands. His first introduction to music was playing drums for a number of bands at his local church where he learned about beats, measures, BPMS and bars using a DJ set where he took instrumentals and mixed them with acapellas. He then moved on to making music on the PlayStation game MTV Music Generator 3, where he started working with turntables. When Luger eventually saved enough money for an Akai MPC 2500 and established the VABP (Virginia Boyz Productionz) production crew with his high school friends, Luger began to try his hand at making high quality industry hip hop beats. After purchasing an MPC 2000 from his uncle, his friend and now collaborator Urboyblack brought Luger an unlicensed copy of FL Studio. He has also incorporated music production workstations such as Maschine and Pro Tools.
Initially spending long days experimenting with Fruity Loops and working every day after school and all day every weekend wasn't enough to jumpstart Luger's production career. He dropped out of King's Fork High School after the 10th grade to further hone his music production talents when he realized that he was able to produce song length instrumentals at a fast pace. Putting hours into honing his craft, Luger began to dramatically increase his musical output after he found that he could knock out at least 10 beats a day. He then started hearing about independent music artists gaining exposure through MySpace and started posting music on that website. Around late 2008, he began cold-emailing his beats to various rappers and posting instrumentals on his Myspace page, hoping to gain further exposure in the hip hop industry. In 2009, a then unknown rapper by the name of Waka Flocka Flame began e-mailing him back. The two later built a relationship on MySpace when Luger began sending Waka beats once every few days.
Rise to fame
Waka expressed interest in Luger's production style when he requested a particularly vicious beat that he wanted to rap over. Luger sent Waka 40 beats, where three beats eventually ended on Waka's 2009, 'Salute Me or Shoot Me 2' mixtape. Waka later requested some more from Luger to which he responded with hundreds more, and eventually Waka Flocka Flame flew him out to Atlanta to collaborate with him. Spending months sequestered in a basement with no internet access in Atlanta working with Waka Flocka Flame, Luger laid much of the production groundwork for Waka's debut album. Not knowing the future outcome of his career, Luger contemplated taking a second job stacking boxes in a warehouse to support his production career. Waka later gained fame and was eventually signed to Bricksquad when his song O Lets Do It became a hit.
Waka Flocka Flame's "Hard in the Paint" was Luger's first instrumental to hit the radio waves and became a hit by May 2010. Luger was in Atlanta at the time when he first heard the song playing on the radio. While in Atlanta, Luger got a phone call from Chicago rapper and record producer Kanye West, although he did not realize who he was talking to for two hours. After realizing who it was, Luger agreed to fly to New York City to work with him. He eventually created eight backing beats for West's use, including the beat that eventually became the single H•A•M as well as the bonus cut "See Me Now" for West's 2010 album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. Luger also got a request from Spiff of SpiffTV who contacted him to get the instrumental track of "Hard In The Paint" that eventually led Luger to build a relationship with Rick Ross as Ross wanted to do a remix for the song. This led Luger to build a relationship with Rick Ross to which he later produced B.M.F. (Blowin' Money Fast) and MC Hammer for Ross's 2010 album Teflon Don. After working with Ross, Luger achieved a career boost when he began receiving an increase in numbers of followers on Twitter. By June 2010, Luger had landed production placements from rappers Ace Hood, Soulja Boy, Chingy, Sean Garrett, and Fabolous.
As Luger's sound drifted upstream from the mixtape circuit towards the mainstream hip hop, his sound caught the eye of numerous rappers that requested his jackhammer drum and spooky trap synth production style. He then produced tracks for a number of popular rappers including Rick Ross's Teflon Don, Waka Flocka Flame's Flockaveli, Slim Thug's Tha Thug Show and Kanye West and Jay-Z's Watch the Throne. He then went on to work with a number of other popular rap artists including Wiz Khalifa, Big Sean, Wale, Fabolous, Juicy J, Soulja Boy, Snoop Dogg and 2 Chainz as well as producing songs for a number of street famous rappers such as Fat Trel, Lil Scrappy and OJ Da Juiceman. Following his success with Waka Flocka Flame and Rick Ross, Luger then began building a relationship with Juicy J in late 2010 citing him as a musical influence as well as a music industry adviser. Juicy J eventually took Luger under his wing and the two eventually collaborated on two mixtapes with Juicy J leveraging Luger a career boost as well as to generate buzz to further get Luger's name in the hip hop industry. Luger went on to produce more than 200 songs throughout 2010 and 2011 fueling hit songs by a number of popular rappers as well as number of songs featured on an array of street and underground hip hop mixtapes.
Luger was initially affiliated with fellow Brick Squad producer Southside. The two of them formed the production team 808 Mafia in 2010, to which he later left the group the following year. During the same year at the 2011 BET Hip Hop Awards, Luger won the award for Producer of the Year.
Present career
In February 2014, Luger joined forces with Canadian DJ/producer A-Trak under the moniker Low Pros, with the intention of releasing a collaborative project. Their first release was "Jack Tripper", a drug-addled trap song featuring Brick Squad affiliates PeeWee Longway and Young Thug, who had just risen to popularity at the time due to the success of his 2013 singles "Stoner" and "Danny Glover".
In late 2014, Luger started touring as a live act. He signed with agent Wilcox Weaver at Oklahoma City and Los Angeles based Warpath Group in September 2014 for worldwide tour bookings. In January 2015, he signed to EXYT Agency for European and Asian tour bookings. Luger has played all over the world with the set consisted of Luger and his DJ, Kino Beats. He has had solid success with this endeavor, selling thousands of tickets across the globe as he sold out an entire European tour in May 2015.
On June 27, 2015, Luger headlined Virginia’ fifth annual EpicFest Hip Hop Festival in Richmond, Virginia.
On March 22, 2016, Luger released his first full length instrumental project. The project features his DJ and collaborator KinoBeats as well as his V.A.B.P. collaborators back from his early production days HighDefRazajah, UrBoyBlack and Trama.
In September 2018 in an interview with DJ Smallz Eyes Luger opened up about his 7 year long battle with drug addiction. Stating that he was taking the prescription medication Xanax on a daily basis and was also addicted to ecstasy and marijuana. After being hospitalized 4 times with one incident being nearly fatal stating that he couldn't distinguish the world from reality for 4 days. Luger finally decided to get clean with help from rehab. He has been sober from all substances except alcohol since 2017.
Production style and influences
Luger uses the digital audio workstation FL Studio, along with custom installed VST plugins, to compose his beats. He has also incorporated music production workstations such as Maschine and Pro Tools. In each of his productions, he has become known for using his signature electronic sounding build up effect in the beginning and throughout his productions. The basis for his stage name came from professional wrestler Lex Luger as well as the Luger pistol. He cites producers Dr. Dre, Shawty Redd, D. Rich, Drumma Boy, Jazze Pha, hip hop production duo The Heatmakerz, rapper Juicy J and his former group Three Six Mafia, and Harlem rap group The Diplomats as his musical influences. He self describes the creative process of making his beats coming from his inner "pain" bringing out stress and pouring his heart out when he composes his beats.
Luger is known for his strong adherence to Atlanta's trap sound making use of the Roland TR-808 kick drum, ominous synth lines, and threatening ad-libs. His austere, jackhammer, and utilitarian orchestral trap sound has been well known for his heavy use of hard hitting 808 kick drums; crisp snare drums; frantic synthesizers; spooky, sinister, and rhythmic Richard Wagner- and Danny Elfman-like bombastic ominous orchestration of synthesized brass, stringed, woodwind, and keyboard instruments commonly incorporated throughout his productions. Luger is known for his musical confluence of combining bombastic orchestral instruments, spooky synths with urban street hip hop sounds. Since his entrance into the hip hop industry, he produces with a more diverse approach further incorporating pop, R&B, as well as electronic dance as a creative deviation from his traditional trap sound into his production repertoire.
Discography
Official Street Albums
2016: The Lex Luger Experience: The Tour Vol. 1
Collaboration albums
2014: Low Pros EP 1 (with A-Trak)
2016: 500 Grams (with Ricky Hil)
2016: 1804 (with Malcolm Anthony)
Production credits
Singles produced
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:1017 Brick Squad artists
Category:African-American record producers
Category:American hip hop record producers
Category:American rhythm and blues keyboardists
Category:Musicians from Atlanta
Category:Musicians from Virginia
Category:People from Suffolk, Virginia
Category:Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Songwriters from Virginia
Category:Southern hip hop musicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Labeobarbus jubbi
Labeobarbus jubbi is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Labeobarbus from the central Congo Basin in Angola and The Democratic Republic of the Congo. It may be threatened by pollution and sediment runoff from diamond mining activities in its area of occurrence. It is fished for in artisanal fisheries.
References
jubbi
Category:Fish described in 1967 | {
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Rick Hummel
Rick Hummel (born February 25, 1946 in Quincy, Illinois) is an American author and sports columnist best known for his work for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Hummel was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York in 2007 when he was honored with the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for baseball writing. Known throughout baseball by his nickname "The Commish", he is a former President of the Baseball Writers' Association of America.
Early life
Richard Lowell Hummel is a native of Quincy, Illinois, graduating from Quincy Senior High School in 1964. At first Hummel remained in his hometown for higher education, attending Quincy University before transferring to the University of Missouri to attend their renowned School of Journalism. Rick Hummel expressed an interest in sports journalism and broadcasting at an early age, having auditioned for a job at Quincy station WGEM (AM) when he was twelve years old. Hummel did not get the announcing job, but later in high school he worked as a spotter for former MLB player and coach Elvin Tappe and his twin brother Melvin as they broadcast Quincy High School games. It was Melvin Tappe who also encouraged Hummel to pursue a career as a sports writer. While attending the University of Missouri Hummel returned home during two summers to work for the Quincy Herald-Whig. At Mizzou, he worked on the Sports Information department's statistics crew for football games alongside another future sports notable, John Walsh, now executive vice president and executive editor of ESPN.
Professional career
Following graduation from the University of Missouri in 1968 Rick Hummel served three years in the U.S. Army. While stationed in Colorado he also worked as a part-time employee for two years on the Colorado Springs Free Press-Sun After his discharge from the Army in 1971, Hummel was hired by fellow Mizzou alum Bob Broeg to work for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Broeg, who himself would earn the Sprink award and be inducted into Cooperstown in 1979, at first assigned Hummel to cover secondary and St. Louis regional teams for the newspaper. Hummel "made his bones" as a beat writer for the St. Louis Stars professional soccer team, the American Basketball Association's Spirits of St. Louis, and St. Louis University hockey, among others. An avid amateur athlete in his younger years, Hummel earned his nickname "The Commish" or "The Commissioner" for his exhaustive knowledge of the rules involved in the softball football, and bowling leagues he and Post-Dispatch teammates participated in.
The first of Rick Hummel's big breaks at the Post-Dispatch came in 1973 when he covered around eight St. Louis Cardinals home games for the newspaper, his first being a 1-0 rain-shortened victory over the Montreal Expos. Another milestone came in 1978 when long-time Cardinals beat writer Neal Russo was unable to make a trip to Cincinnati, Ohio. Hummel was sent in his place and ended up covering a historic game as Hall of Famer Tom Seaver pitched his only career no-hitter in a 4-0 victory for the Reds. Hummel continued to work as the game-day beat reporter until 2002 when he transitioned to the primary role of weekly baseball columnist, while still covering the occasional Cardinals game. In activities away from the Post-Dispatch, in 1994 his peers elected Hummel President of the Baseball Writers Association of America. He has also served on the Baseball Hall of Fame Overview Committee, reviewing the careers of potential inductees by the Veterans Committee. In addition to his print media career Rick Hummel is often called upon for his baseball expertise and opinions by St. Louis radio and television stations as well as being a frequent on-camera contributor to Fox Sports Midwest's St. Louis Cardinals pre-game and post-game broadcasts. His commentary has also been featured on various ESPN shows and documentaries.
Personal
Rick Hummel's ex-wife Connie Karr, the mother of his daughter Lauren, was one of five people murdered during the Kirkwood City Council shooting in February 2008. Hummel has a total of three children, one son and two daughters.
Books
2012 -- One Last Strike: Fifty Years in Baseball, Ten and a Half Games Back, and One Final Championship Season, written with Tony La Russa
2007 -- The Commish and the Cardinals: The Most Memorable Games, as Covered by Hall of Famer Rick Hummel for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1989 -- Tom Seaver's Scouting Notebook written with Tom Seaver and Bob Nightengale
Awards and honors
2007 - J.G. Taylor Sprink Award and induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.
2008 - Inducted into the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame.
3-time "Missouri Sportswriter of the Year" as selected by the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association.
Member, Quincy High School Blue Devils Hall of Fame.
References
Category:Living people
Category:People from Quincy, Illinois
Category:Writers from Missouri
Category:Writers from Illinois
Category:Quincy University alumni
Category:Missouri School of Journalism alumni
Category:J. G. Taylor Spink Award recipients
Category:St. Louis Post-Dispatch people
Category:United States Army soldiers
Category:1946 births
Category:Journalists from Illinois
Category:Sportswriters from Illinois | {
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Andrew Kitaka
Andrew Kitaka (also, Andrew Kitaka Mubiru), is a Ugandan civil engineer and public administrator, who serves as the Executive Director of Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), in acting capacity, effective 18 December 2018. In addition to his new responsibilities Kitaka serves as the Director of Engineering and Technical Services at KCCA, a position he has held since the formation of KCCA in 2011.
Background and education
Kitaka was born in the Buganda Region of Uganda, in the 1970s. After his primary education, he enrolled into King's College Budo, in Wakiso District, where he completed his O-Level studies. He then transferred to Namilyango College, in Mukono District, where he completed his A-Level education.
Kitaka was admitted to Makerere University, the oldest and largest public university in Uganda, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering. His second degree is a Master of Science in transport and planning, awarded by Delft University of Technology, in Delft, the Netherlands.
Career
Kitaka began his career at Kagga & Partners, a consulting engineering firm in Kampala. From there, he joined the Road Agency Formation Unit (RAFU), at the Uganda Ministry of Works and Transport, where he worked as a projects engineer.
Kitaka briefly served at Uganda National Roads Authority, before he was hired by the European Union, where he served as an operations officer in charge of roads infrastructure. In 2011, at the creation of Kampala Capital City Authority, Kitaka was appointed as the Director of Engineering and Technical Services in the new KCCA, a role he still occupied, as of December 2018.
Kitaka also privately consults for both local and international organisations, including the work done in June 2018 for Huron Consulting Group, of Chicago.
Kitaka is a member of the Uganda Institute of Professional Engineers (UIPE), and is a registered engineer with the Engineers Registration Board (ERB) of Uganda.
Personal life
Kitaka is married to Sabrina Kitaka, a consultant pediatrician at Mulago National Referral Hospital. The couple are the parents of five children.
See also
Jennifer Musisi
Judith Tukahirwa
References
External links
Website of Kampala Capital City Authority
Category:Living people
Category:Ugandan civil engineers
Category:Makerere University alumni
Category:Delft University of Technology alumni
Category:People educated at Namilyango College
Category:People from Central Region, Uganda | {
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Channel, Julia
Redirect Julia Channel | {
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Snow Hill, Virginia
Snow Hill is an unincorporated community in King and Queen County, Virginia, United States.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Category:Unincorporated communities in King and Queen County, Virginia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Heavy Rydberg system
A heavy Rydberg system consists of a weakly bound positive and negative ion orbiting their common centre of mass. Such systems share many properties with the conventional Rydberg atom and consequently are sometimes referred to as heavy Rydberg atoms. While such a system is a type of ionically bound molecule, it should not be confused with a molecular Rydberg state, which is simply a molecule with one or more highly excited electrons.
The peculiar properties of the Rydberg atom come from the large charge separation and the resulting hydrogenic potential. The extremely large separation between the two components of a heavy Rydberg system results in an almost perfect 1/r hydrogenic potential seen by each ion. The positive ion can be viewed as analogous to the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, with the negative ion playing the role of the electron.
Species
The most commonly studied system to date is the system, consisting of a proton bound with a ion. The system was first observed in 2000 by a group at the University of Waterloo in Canada.
The formation of the ion can be understood classically; as the single electron in a hydrogen atom cannot fully shield the positively charged nucleus, another electron brought into close proximity will feel an attractive force. While this classical description is nice for getting a feel for the interactions involved, it is an oversimplification; many other atoms have a greater electron affinity than hydrogen. In general the process of forming a negative ion is driven by the filling of atomic electron shells to form a lower energy configuration.
Only a small number of molecules have been used to produce heavy Rydberg systems although in principle any atom with a positive electron affinity can bind with a positive ion. Species used include , and . Fluorine and oxygen are particularly favoured due to their high electron affinity, high ionisation energy and consequently high electronegativity.
Production
The difficulty in the production of heavy Rydberg systems arises in finding an energetic pathway by which a molecule can be excited with just the right energy to form an ion pair, without sufficient internal energy to cause autodissociation (a process analogous to autoionization in atoms) or rapid dissociation due to collisions or local fields.
Currently production of heavy Rydberg systems relies on complex vacuum ultra-violet (so called because it is strongly absorbed in air and requires the entire system to be enclosed within a vacuum chamber) or multi-photon transitions (relying on absorption of multiple photons almost simultaneously), both of which are rather inefficient and result in systems with high internal energy.
Features
The bond length in a heavy Rydberg system is 10,000 times larger than in a typical diatomic molecule. As well as producing the characteristic hydrogen-like behaviour, this also makes them extremely sensitive to perturbation by external electric and magnetic fields.
Heavy Rydberg systems have a relatively large reduced mass, given by:
This leads to a very slow time evolution, which makes them easy to manipulate both spatially and energetically, while their low binding energy makes them relatively simple to detect through field dissociation and detection of the resulting ions, in a process known as threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy.
Kepler's third law states that the period of an orbit is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis; this can be applied to the Coulomb force:
where is the time-period, is the reduced mass, is the semi-major axis and .
Classically we can say that a system with a large reduced mass has a long orbital period. Quantum mechanically, a large reduced mass in a system leads to narrow spacing of the energy levels and the rate of time-evolution of the wavefunction depends on this energy spacing. This slow time-evolution makes heavy Rydberg systems ideal for experimentally probing the dynamics of quantum systems.
References
Category:Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Henry Bailey (footballer)
Henry Bailey (2 December 1897 – 1965), sometimes known as Harry Bailey, was an English professional football goalkeeper who made over 140 appearances in the Football League for Exeter City. He also played league football for Luton Town, Brentford and Thames.
Personal life
Bailey enlisted in the Grenadier Guards in 1913 and served with the regiment during the First World War.
Career statistics
References
Category:1897 births
Category:Sportspeople from Macclesfield
Category:1965 deaths
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Millwall F.C. players
Category:Luton Town F.C. players
Category:Exeter City F.C. players
Category:Brentford F.C. players
Category:Thames A.F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:Southern Football League players
Category:British military personnel of World War I
Category:British Army personnel of World War I
Category:Grenadier Guards soldiers | {
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Boruty, Gmina Rzewnie
Boruty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzewnie, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
References
Boruty | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Selenogyrus brunneus
Selenogyrus brunneus is a species of tarantula (family Theraphosidae, subfamily Selenogyrinae), found in West Africa (likely Togo).
Characteristics
S. brunneus is brown with greyish-olive green hairs and is about 50mm long. Foveal groove procurved. Embrik Strand gave no further details in his description of the species (other than the eye arrangement and spination).
References
Category:Theraphosidae
Category:Spiders of Africa
Category:Spiders described in 1907 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Babadjou
Babadjou is a town and commune in Cameroon.
See also
Communes of Cameroon
References
Site de la primature - Élections municipales 2002
Contrôle de gestion et performance des services publics communaux des villes camerounaises - Thèse de Donation Avele, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV
Charles Nanga, La réforme de l’administration territoriale au Cameroun à la lumière de la loi constitutionnelle n° 96/06 du 18 janvier 1996, Mémoire ENA.
Category:Populated places in Cameroon
Category:Communes of Cameroon
Category:West Region (Cameroon) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Masters M80 triple jump world record progression
This is the progression of world record improvements of the triple jump M80 division of Masters athletics.
Key
References
Masters Athletics Triple Jump list
Category:Masters athletics world record progressions
Triple | {
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Upamayo Dam
The Upamayo Dam (possibly from Quechua upa calm, silent; mute, mayu river) is a dam at Lake Junin, the largest lake entirely in Peru. It is located on the border of the Junín Region, Junín Province, Ondores District, and the Pasco Region, Pasco Province, Vicco District.
The dam was erected in 1936. It is high and long. It is operated by Centromín Perú. The reservoir has a capacity of .
References
Category:Dams in Peru
Category:Buildings and structures in Junín Region
Category:Buildings and structures in Pasco Region
Category:Dams completed in 1936
Category:Gravity dams | {
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Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites
Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites is the second extended play (EP) by American electronic music producer Skrillex. It was released exclusively through Beatport on October 22, 2010 through mau5trap and Big Beat Records, while being released on December 20 for digital download via other online retailers and on March 1, 2011 as a physical release. It was recorded in 2010 at Skrillex's apartment using a laptop. The EP features guest contributions from Penny, Foreign Beggars and Bare Noize as well as remixes done by Noisia, Zedd and Bare Noize. It won two Grammys at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards: one for Best Dance Recording, and another for Best Dance/Electronica Album.
The EP received generally positive reviews from music critics and became a moderate commercial success, reaching number 49 on the Billboard 200, while also topping the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart and reaching number 28 in Australia. As of November 2011, the EP was certified Gold in Canada with sales exceeding 40,000 copies. The EP's lead single, "Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites", was a moderate commercial success internationally, peaking within the charts of the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Sweden. It was later certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), with sales exceeding 500,000. On November 30, 2011, it was announced that the EP was nominated at the 54th Grammy Awards for Best Dance/Electronica Album. On February 12, 2012, the album won the Grammy for that category. A follow-up EP, More Monsters and Sprites, contains several remixes of the title track done by Dirtyphonics, Phonat, The Juggernaut and Kaskade. It is named after David Bowie's 1980 album Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps).
Reception
Critical response
Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites received generally positive reviews from music critics. Jon O'Brien from AllMusic gave the EP a positive review, saying, "The three remixes from Noisia, Bare Noize, and Zedd are solid if unspectacular, with only the latter's chilled-out version of the title track providing anything wildly different from the originals. But the invention showcased on the first six bass-heavy anthems is more than enough to suggest that the U.S. has found someone who is capable of selling the dubstep sound back to its South London homeland". Alternative Press also gave a positive review, saying, "On Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites, Moore has hit his mash-up groove, combining monster dance riffs with melodic ambience. The EP title is fitting, since these nine tracks (three of which are remixes) embody both sides of Moore; the rambunctious, punk-rock kid who screamed his head off in From First to Last (see the chaos of 'Kill EVERYBODY'), but also the melodic, pensive adult who can seamlessly collaborate with pop singers like Penny and producers and rappers like Bare Noize and Foreign Beggars".
As a mosquito repellent
A study found that "female mosquitoes exposed to music ["Scary Monsters And Nice Sprites"] attacked hosts much later than their non-exposed peers." Although this observation at first glance is humorous, it indicates that repetitive tones (a signature of "Scary Monsters And Nice Sprites") can serve as a more environmentally friendly means of pest control (versus pesticides).
Track listing
Charts and certifications
Commercial performance
The EP has since become a moderate commercial success. In the United States, it has reached a peak of number forty-nine on the Billboard 200, and has spent more than thirty weeks within the chart. It has also reached the summit of the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart, as well as number three on the Dance/Electronic Albums. It reached number twenty-eight on the ARIA Charts in Australia.
As of October 3, 2013, the single "Scary Monsters And Nice Sprites" has reached double platinum status, with sales of over 2,000,000 copies
Weekly charts
Year-end
Certifications
Release history
References
Category:2010 EPs
Category:Skrillex albums
Category:Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronica Album
Category:Mau5trap albums
Category:Big Beat Records (American record label) albums | {
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Bessemer Airport
Bessemer Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southeast of the central business district of Bessemer, a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, it is categorized as a reliever airport for the Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport.
Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this facility is assigned EKY by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.
Facilities and Aircraft
Bessemer Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 700 feet (213 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 5/23 with an asphalt surface measuring 6,007 by 100 feet (1,831 x 30 m). An Instrument Landing System was installed in 2000. The airport received funding to expand the runway from . A Civil Air Patrol squadron also operates from this airport.
For the 12-month period ending January 27, 2010, the airport had 102,600 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 281 per day. At that time there were 99 aircraft based at this airport: 70% single-engine, 20% multi-engine, 7% jet and 3% helicopter.
References
External links
Bessemer Airport as an alternative to Birmingham International, Birmingham Business Journal, 3-Sep-2004
Birmingham Executive Aviation, the fixed-base operator (FBO)
Aerial image as of 6 March 1997 from USGS The National Map
Category:Airports in Alabama
Category:Bessemer, Alabama
Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Jefferson County, Alabama | {
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Cayman Islands at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships
Cayman Islands competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China between July 16 and 31, 2011.
Swimming
Cayman Islands qualified 2 swimmers.
Men
References
Category:Nations at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships
2011
World Aquatics Championships | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ulla Plener
Ulla Plener (born 12 February 1933) is a German historian.
Life
Family provenance and childhood
Ulla Plener was born in Berlin, a month after the Nazi Party took power in Germany. The Communist Party, of which her parents Kurt and Marie-Luise Plener were both active members, was an early focus of the Nazi drive to create a one party dictatorship. With their new baby the Pleners had to escape to Copenhagen after (1905-1980) displeased the authorities with an article he contributed to a Communist Party newspaper in which he explained "how to use sports training as a defence against Nazis" ("... wie man sich sportlich ertüchtigen kann, um gegen Nazis wehrhaft zu sein"). The family was now split up. Kurt remained, for the time being, in Copenhagen where he worked for the communist "Red Sport International" organisation and campaigned unsuccessfully for the reversal of the 1931 decision to hold the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. Marie-Louise took her daughter to Moscow. In 1940 (1909-1996) joined the French resistance. Her six and a half year old daughter and Ulla's younger brother were consigned to a children's home in Ivanovo, a textiles town to the north-east of Moscow. Children at the nursery came from 34 different countries: the common feature was that their parents were all "politically active." Plener later recalled that they were remarkably well informed about Nazi wartime atrocities, partly because some of the children had themselves, with their families, experienced them. Meals were regular if meagre: although starvation was widespread in the Soviet Union during the war, the children at the International Red Aid children's home in Ivanovo never starved.
Academic career
It was only some time after the war ended that the family were reunited in Berlin.Between 1951 and 1956 Ulla Pleiner studied History at a Moscow university. She received her doctorate ("Promotion A" under the reconfiguration of academic qualifications introduced in East Germany in 1968) in (East) Berlin in 1969 and her habilitation ("Promotion B") in 1975 for work on the history of the Social Democratic Party between 1945 and 1949. Her dissertation was later published in a shortened version under the title "SPD 1945–1949. Konzeption, Praxis, Ergebnisse". She became a lecturer and head of research at the "Institute for Researching Imperialism", part of the Party Central Committee's Academy for Social Sciences.
The Soviet occupation zone which, in the region surrounding Berlin, replaced Nazi Germany in 1945, was itself relaunched, in October 1949, as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic. Further political changes followed rapidly in 1989/90, leading to German reunification, formally in October 1990. Following reunification Ulla Plener continued with her studies of the Social Democratic movement in Germany during the later 1940s, publishing biographical studies of the trades union leader Theodor Leipart and the postwar SPD and of the party leader Kurt Schumacher. Closely linked with these was her more theoretical research on the theory and practice of "economic democracy".
Another of her research themes following reunification was the wartime French resistance, producing biographical studies of various German women active in the French resistance and a full biography of one of these: her own mother, Marie-Luise Plener-Huber.
Something that would have been impossible before 1989 was Plener's contribution on the Stalin years in Moscow. In 1997 she published "Frauenschicksale unter Stalin" ("The fate of women under Stalin") which was followed nine years later by a "Gedenkband über deutsche Opfer des Großen Terrors in der Sowjetunion" ("Memorial volume on German victims of the Great Terror inside the Soviet Union"). Some of the victims whose fates were set out in this volume were people whose disappearance had, hitherto, been unexplained. The theme of Stalin's purges was one in which Plener had a personal interest. When she was living in Moscow as a very small child with her mother, her paternal grandparents had also been living as political refugees in the city. Her law abiding paternal grandfather was arrested and shot in 1937. Three years later, in 1940, the Soviets returned her grandmother to Nazi Germany following conclusion of the Molotov–Ribbentrop non-aggression Pact. Other relatives suffered, and Ulla's mother, Marie-Luise Plener herself came under suspicion.
She followed this up in 2009 with a biography of Mirko Beer, supported with photographs and documentation covering his time as a military doctor with the republican fighters during the Spanish Civil War. Also of interest is her publication in a single volume of previously unknown diaries and letters covering the final years of his life, 1929-1933, written by the so-called "Communist bandit" or "Red Robin Hood", Max Hoelz.
References
Category:1933 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Berlin
Category:20th-century German historians
Category:21st-century German historians
Category:Labor historians
Category:German women historians
Category:21st-century German women writers
Category:20th-century German women writers | {
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Adrian Clayborn
Adrian Jarrell Clayborn (born July 6, 1988) is an American football defensive end for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Iowa, and earned consensus All-American honors. He was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the first round of the 2011 NFL Draft.
Personal life
Clayborn was born in St. Louis, Missouri. At birth, he suffered from a condition known as Erb's Palsy, something that is caused during birth by an injury to the nerves surrounding a child's shoulder. Because his head and neck were pulled to the side as his shoulders passed through the birth canal, he suffered nerve damage resulting in the loss of some movement and weakness in his right arm. Clayborn underwent physical therapy throughout his young life and eventually overcame the limitations caused by the disorder.
When Adrian was 10, his older brother, Anthony, was shot and killed in northern St. Louis, who also left behind seven children, three girls: Asia, Aaliyah, Andrea, and four boys: Anthony Jr, Demonte, Leaunte, and Keith.
Adrian and his wife Shannon volunteer at the Hesed House homeless shelter in Aurora, IL.
High school career
Clayborn attended high school at Webster Groves High School, where he was a four-year letterman in football and basketball.
Awards and honors
2005 Missouri Player of the Year
2005 Missouri All-State
2004 Missouri All-State
College career
Clayborn attended the University of Iowa, and played for the Iowa Hawkeyes football team from 2006 to 2010. He took a redshirt year in 2006, his first season at Iowa. In 2007, Clayborn became a second-string defensive lineman and saw action in several games on special teams. In 2008, Clayborn saw substantial playing time, recording 8 tackles for loss and 50 total tackles. In 2009, Clayborn had a breakout year with 20 tackles for loss. In a dominant effort against Georgia Tech, Clayborn was named Orange Bowl MVP.
Heading into the 2010 season, Clayborn was listed on the preseason watch list for several awards. ESPN, Playboy Magazine, Sporting News, College Football Insiders, Lindy's, and Phil Steele all selected Clayborn for their pre-season first team All-American lists.
On October 2, 2010, Clayborn had his first break-out game of 2010. He had three tackles for loss against Penn State despite being triple-teamed for parts of the game. His play earned him Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week. On November 10, 2010, Clayborn was named one of four finalists for the Rotary Lombardi Award.
While preparing for the 2010 Insight Bowl, Iowa head coach Kirk Ferentz announced that Clayborn was one of three Hawkeyes invited to attend the Senior Bowl, college football's pre-draft event featuring seniors with NFL prospects.
Awards and honors
2010
Consensus First-team All-American by NCAA, AFCA and Walter Camp.
First Team All-Big Ten (Coaches, Media)
American Football Coaches Association First Team All-American
Ted Hendricks Award Finalist
Rotary Lombardi Award Finalist
Rotary Lombardi Award Pre-season Watch List
Bednarik Award Semi-finalist
Bednarik Award Pre-season Watch List
Walter Camp Player of the Year Watch List
Bronko Nagurski Trophy Watch List
Playboy Magazine Pre-season All-America Team selection
College Football Performance Award Honorable Mention
Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week – October 4, 2010
2009
Big Ten Player of the Week – October 25, 2009
Big Ten Defensive Player of The Week
2010 Orange Bowl MVP
Professional career
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Clayborn was drafted in the first round (20th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Clayborn recorded his first sack in week 3 of the 2011 season against the Atlanta Falcons. His sack on Matt Ryan also caused a fumble recovered by teammate Michael Bennett. In 2012, Clayborn was placed on injured reserve after injuring his knee. Before the 2014 season, it was announced by new GM Jason Licht that the Buccaneers would not be picking up the 5th year option on his rookie contract. He was also moved to the left side since the team signed Michael Johnson for the right side. Though he started out strong in the year, he suffered yet another season-ending injury placing him on IR and his future in Tampa in doubt since he would be an unrestricted free agent in 2015.
Atlanta Falcons
On March 12, 2015, Clayborn signed with the Atlanta Falcons. On March 9, 2016, he re-signed with the Falcons on a two-year deal worth $9 million. He played in 13 games with seven starts recording 22 tackles and 4.5 sacks. In the divisional round of the playoffs, Clayborn suffered a torn bicep and was placed on injured reserve on January 17, 2017, causing him to miss the rest of the playoffs. Without Clayborn, the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI where they lost 34-28 in overtime to the New England Patriots.
On November 12, 2017, in Week 10 against the Dallas Cowboys, Clayborn recorded a franchise-record six sacks, one away from tying Derrick Thomas' record of seven, as the Falcons won the game 27–7. He was named the NFC Defensive Player of the Week days later. Heading into the 2018 NFL season, the six sacks in one game account for one-fifth of Clayborn's career sack total of 30.
New England Patriots
On March 17, 2018, Clayborn signed a two-year $10 million contract with the New England Patriots. In Clayborn's first season in New England, Clayborn only recorded 11 tackles and 2.5 sacks. With Clayborn, the Patriots went on to win Super Bowl LIII 13–3 against the Los Angeles Rams to give Clayborn his first championship.
On March 15, 2019, Clayborn was released by the Patriots.
Atlanta Falcons (second stint)
On April 9, 2019, Clayborn signed a one-year $4 million contract with the Atlanta Falcons. In Week 2 against the Philadelphia Eagles, Clayborn recorded his first sack of the season in the 24–20 win. In Week 10 against the New Orleans Saints, Clayborn had one sack in the 26–9 win. In Week 11 against the Carolina Panthers, Clayborn had two sacks in the 29–3 win. Clayborn played in 15 games with one start, recording 18 tackles, 4.0 sacks and 2 forced fumbles.
NFL statistics
References
External links
Official website
Atlanta Falcons bio
NFL Combine profile
ESPN stats
Iowa Hawkeyes bio
Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:All-American college football players
Category:American football defensive ends
Category:Atlanta Falcons players
Category:Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Category:New England Patriots players
Category:Players of American football from Missouri
Category:People from Webster Groves, Missouri
Category:Sportspeople from St. Louis County, Missouri
Category:Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Category:Webster Groves High School alumni
Category:Super Bowl champions | {
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Revant Optics
Revant Optics is an American corporation based in Portland, Oregon, that designs, develops, and sells replacement lenses for high-end eyewear. The company was founded in January 2010 by Jason Bolt.
In 2014, 2015 and 2016, the company was named to Inc. (magazine)’s 500|5000 list of fastest growing private companies in the US, ranking at 429 overall, 8th in Oregon, and 3rd in its home base of Portland, Oregon.
References
External links
Category:Eyewear brands of the United States
Category:Companies based in Portland, Oregon
Category:Companies established in 2010
Category:2010 establishments in Oregon
Category:Eyewear companies of the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Whitstable railway station
Whitstable railway station is on the branch of the Chatham Main Line in England, serving the town of Whitstable, Kent. It is down the line from and is situated between and .
The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern.
History
Whitstable has been served by five different stations on two different routes. The route between Faversham and Whitstable was opened by the Margate Railway on 1 August 1860, and was extended to on 13 July 1861. The first station on that line to serve Whitstable was in Oxford Street, and had latterly been known as Whitstable Town; it closed after the last train on 31 December 1914.
The following day, a new station was opened to the east; this was named Whitstable Town & Tankerton. This was renamed Whitstable & Tankerton on 1 February 1936, and Whitstable in 1979.
Services
1 tph to via and (High Speed)
1 tph to via , , , and (High Speed)
1 tph to London Victoria via Chatham and Bromley South (Main Line)
1 tph to Ramsgate via Margate (Main Line)
See also
Whitstable Harbour railway station
References
External links
Category:Whitstable
Category:Railway stations in Kent
Category:Former London, Chatham and Dover Railway stations
Category:Railway stations opened in 1860
Category:Railway stations closed in 1915
Category:Railway stations opened in 1915
Category:Railway stations served by Southeastern | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
John Cress
John Cress (born January 27, 1935) is an American skier. He competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1960 Winter Olympics.
References
Category:1935 births
Category:Living people
Category:American male Nordic combined skiers
Category:Olympic Nordic combined skiers of the United States
Category:Nordic combined skiers at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Category:People from Clay County, Kentucky | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Electoral results for the Division of Dunkley
This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Dunkley in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1984 until the present.
Members
Election results
Elections in the 2010s
2019
2016
2013
2010
Elections in the 2000s
2007
2004
2001
Elections in the 1990s
1998
1996
1993
1990
Elections in the 1980s
1987
1984
References
Australian Electoral Commission. Federal election results
Carr, Adam. Psephos
Category:Australian federal electoral results by division | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Robert Wynne (Archdeacon of Aghadoe)
George Robert Wynne (1838–1912) was Archdeacon of Aghadoe in 1912.
Wynne was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1861. He began his career with curacies at Rathdrum then Dublin. He heldIncumbencies at Whitechurch, County Dublin, Holywood, Killarney and Limerick. He was also a Canon of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
He died on 4 May 1912. His daughter was a noted water colour painter.
References
Category:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Category:Archdeacons of Aghadoe
Category:1912 deaths
Category:1838 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Nikolaus Friedreich
Nikolaus Friedreich (1 July 1825 in Würzburg – 6 July 1882 in Heidelberg) was a German pathologist and neurologist, and a third generation physician in the Friedreich family. His father was psychiatrist Johann Baptist Friedreich (1796–1862), and his grandfather was pathologist Nicolaus Anton Friedreich (1761–1836), who is remembered for his early description of idiopathic facial paralysis, which would later be known as Bell's palsy.
Biography
In the early part of his career he studied and practiced medicine at the University of Würzburg under the tutelage of noted men such as physiologist Albert von Kölliker and pathologist Rudolf Virchow. He later became a professor of pathological anatomy at Würzburg, then in 1858 was appointed a professor of pathology and therapy at the University of Heidelberg, where he remained for the rest of his career. Some of his better known students and assistants included Adolf Kussmaul, Wilhelm Heinrich Erb and Friedrich Schultze.
Friedreich was involved in the establishment of pathological correlations, notably in research of muscular dystrophy, spinal ataxia and brain tumors. He is remembered today for "Friedreich's ataxia", which he identified in 1863. It is a degenerative disease with sclerosis of the spinal cord that affects a person's speech, balance and coordination.
Associated eponyms
"Friedreich's ataxia": a genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an unusual gait pattern
"Friedreich's disease" or Friedreich's syndrome (paramyoclonus multiplex): an hereditary disease characterized by brief, sudden muscular contractions in the proximal muscles of the extremities.
"Friedreich's foot" or pes cavus: abnormally high arches in the feet.
"Friedreich's sign": collapse of cervical veins that were previously distended during diastole (heart relaxation), and is caused by an adherent pericardium.
"Friedreich's sound change": term for difference in tension (pitch of percussion note) in the cavum wall during expiration and inspiration.
"Friedreich-Auerbach disease": hypertrophy of the tongue, ears and facial features. Named with anatomist Leopold Auerbach.
"Friedreich-Erb-Arnold syndrome": An osteodermopathic syndrome characterized by a corrugated overgrowth of the scalp (bull-dog scalp or cutis verticis gyrata), facial hypertrophy, clubbed digits due to soft tissue hyperplasia, enlarged hands and feet and elephantiasis. Named with Wilhelm Erb and Julius Arnold (1835-1915).
Selected publications
Beiträge zur Lehre von den Geschwülsten innerhalb der Schädelhöhle. Habilitation thesis, 1853.
Ein neuer Fall von Leukämie. In Virchow's Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin, Berlin, 1857, 12: 37-58. (First description of acute leukaemia).
Die Krankheiten der Nase, des Kehlkopfes, der Trachea, der Schild- und Thymusdrüse. In Virchow’s Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie und Therapie. 1858. (Diseases of the nose, larynx, trachea, the thyroid and thymus).
Ein Beitrag zur Pathologie der Trichinenkrankheit beim Menschen. In Virchow's Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin, Berlin, 1862, 25: 399-413. (A contribution to the pathology of trichinosis in humans).
Die Krankheiten des Herzens. In Virchow’s Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie und Therapie. Erlangen, 1854, 5, 1 Abt, 385-530. 2nd edition, Erlangen, F. Enke, 1867. (Diseases of the heart).
Ueber degenerative Atrophie der spinalen Hinterstränge In Virchow's Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin, Berlin, (A) 26: 391, 433; 1863. (On degenerative atrophy of the spinal dorsal columns).
Ueber Ataxie mit besonderer berücksichtigung der hereditären Formen. In Virchow's Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin, Berlin, 1863. (On ataxia with special reference to hereditary forms).
Die Heidelberger Baracken für Krigesepidemien während des Feldzuges 1870 und 1871, Heidelberg, 1871.
Ueber progressive Muskelatrophie, über wahre und falsche Muskelatrophie, Berlin, 1873.
Der acute Milztumor und seine Beziehungen zu den acuten Infektionskrankheiten. In Volkmann’s Sammlung klinischer Vorträge, Leipzig, 1874.
Paramyoklonus multiplex. In Virchow's Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie, und für klinische Medicin, Berlin, 1881, 86: 421-430. (First description of paramyoclonus multiplex, Friedreich’s disease).
See also
German inventors and discoverers
References
''Nikolaus Friedreich @ Who Named It
External links
Category:1825 births
Category:1882 deaths
Category:People from Würzburg
Category:German pathologists
Category:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Category:Heidelberg University faculty
Category:University of Würzburg faculty | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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German submarine U-21 (1936)
German submarine U-21 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Her keel was laid down 4 March 1936, by Germaniawerft of Kiel as yard number 551. She was commissioned on 3 August 1936. During World War II, she conducted operations against enemy shipping.
U-21 went on seven war patrols, sinking five ships, one auxiliary warship and damaging one warship.
Design
German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-21 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was , however. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . U-21 was fitted with three torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of twentyfive.
Operational history
1st, 2nd and 3rd patrols
U-21s first patrol was relatively uneventful.
On her second foray, the boat was attacked by the British submarine which fired six torpedoes at her in the North Sea northeast of Berwick-Upon-Tweed [On the English/Scottish border] on 17 September 1939. These were the first submarine weapons launched by the Royal Navy in the Second World War. They all missed.
On her third patrol, the U-boat also had torpedoes fired at her in the central North Sea by another British submarine, . The result was inconclusive as well.
4th and 5th patrols
The boat's first success with a torpedo came on 1 December 1939 when she sank the Finnish-registered Mercator about southeast of Buchan Ness (near Peterhead). She also damaged the British cruiser with a mine.
On her fifth sortie, she sank Mars on 21 December 1939 and Carl Henckel (both from Sweden), on the same day. She also sank the British boom defence vessel in the Firth of Forth, again with a mine.
6th patrol
Patrol number six saw her sink the Danish Vidar east of the Moray Firth on 31 January 1940.
7th patrol
She sank the British Royal Archer with a mine on 26 February 1940, but then it all went horribly wrong on 27 March when she ran aground off Oldknuppen Island after a navigational error. The boat was towed to Mandal in Norway where she was interned. She was then towed to Kristiansand for repairs and released on 9 April after the German occupation of the Nordic country.
Fate
In July she was transferred to the 21st U-boat Flotilla in Kiel as a training boat, with whom she remained for the rest of the war. U-21 was scrapped in February 1945.
Summary of raiding history
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Category:German Type II submarines
Category:U-boats commissioned in 1936
Category:World War II submarines of Germany
Category:1936 ships
Category:Ships built in Kiel
Category:Grounded U-boats
Category:Maritime incidents in March 1940 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Lebanon national rugby league team
The Lebanon national rugby league team (Arabic: المنتخب اللبناني للرجبي ليغ) is the representative side of Lebanon in rugby league football. It is the top tier team of the Lebanese Rugby League Federation. They are nicknamed "The Cedars" after the Lebanon Cedar tree, which is also on the Lebanese flag. The team has been participating in international competition since 1998. The team was originally formed in New South Wales, Australia, composed of Lebanese Australians. But their success has helped the game grow in Lebanon and now players are also taken from the newly formed Lebanon Championship as well as the National Rugby League in Australia.
The team played in the 2000 World Cup, having defeated the USA to get there. But it failed in getting out of the group stages, despite a draw against the Cook Islands in Cardiff and a 24–22 defeat against Wales in Llanelli. The Cedars then attempted to qualify for the 2008 World Cup but lost their group to Ireland and finally losing the repechage final to Samoa. In other competitions they have been more successful. They have taken part in the Mediterranean Cup and have won it in every year it has been played. In 2006 they won the Phoenician Cup by beating Malta.
The Cedars had a successful World Cup 2017 campaign, qualifying by beating South Africa, and then getting through the tournament "group of death" first stage with England, France and Australia, by beating France in their first game. In the knock out stage a very close loss to Tonga meant no further progress, but guaranteed entry into the next World Cup due to be held in the UK in 2021
History
2000 World Cup
Initially the Lebanese players were all Australian born or raised and came mostly from inner-city Sydney. They started playing full internationals in 1998 and in their first match defeated Japan in Tokyo. This got them a place in Mediterranean Pool for qualification to the 2000 World Cup. In their first game they defeated Italy 36–16, and then defeated Morocco 104–0. In this match, captain Hazem El Masri scored a total of 48 points, the highest number of points ever scored by one player in an international match. To qualify they had to beat the Pacific Rim Pool winners, the USA. They won 62–8 and secured the final place in the World Cup. Following the match the team were warned about their conduct after a car-park fight which resulted in American winger Tony Fabri being taken to hospital.
The Cedars were in a pool with favourites New Zealand, Wales and Cook Islands. The team were well beaten against New Zealand in Gloucester, where there were ferocious winds and rain. Head coach John Elias said after the game that his team were simply out of their depth. However Lebanon did much better in the match against Wales. It wasn't until Wales had scored four tries that Lebanon had finally got on the score board with a Michael Coorey try in the 35th minute. In the second half Lebanon performed much better, but two late Hassan Saleh tries left Lebanon losing 24–22. By far the easiest game on paper was the match against the Cook Islands. With just five minutes remaining though, The Cedars found themselves 22–10 down, before Hazem El Masri scored a second try and centre Charles Baynie scored one too in last minute to seal a 22–22 draw for Lebanon. This point was enough to keep them off bottom place in the group, but they had not done enough to earn a place in the quarter-finals.
Mediterranean Cup
In 2002, Lebanon beat France 36–6 in front of 16,713 spectators at Tripoli to clinch the Mediterranean Cup for a second time. In 2003 played host to another Mediterranean Cup with Lebanon beating France again in final, albeit this was a much closer match at 26–18 with Wissam El Masri only fully securing the win in the last minute. In the final Mediterranean Cup in 2004, Lebanon made it three victories in a row. Just like last year's cup, they easily beat Morocco and Serbia to face the French in the final again. France trailed 30–8 at half time but in the second half it was a much tighter affair with Toufiq Nicolas and a third Ahmed Al Masri try finally sealing a 42–14 victory for Lebanon despite a late consolation try for France. It is also worth noting that a young Thomas Bosc featured in that match for France. He would then go on to play in the 2007 Challenge Cup Final.
2008 World Cup qualifying
Despite wanting to host another Mediterranean Cup in 2005, Lebanon did not play another international until November 2006. With a place in the 2008 World Cup up for grabs, Lebanon were drawn in a group with Russia and Ireland. In Darren Maroon's first match as head coach, Lebanon beat Russia 22–8 in a tight and tense match at the New River Stadium in North London. Ireland however had already thrashed Russia beforehand and so Lebanon needed to beat Ireland in Dublin to go top of the table. Centre Daniel Chiha crossed over the line after 13 minutes, but the conversion was missed. John Koborsi then extended the lead for Lebanon and the team went into half time 0–10 up. However within 6 minutes after half-time, Ireland had scored two tries and they were now in front. A little later Chris Salem then intercepted a ball near his own line and ran the whole length of the pitch to score a spectacular try. This lead didn't last though and in the last minutes of the game Ireland scored a try to end the game 18–18. In 2007 the World Cup qualifying matches continued. In October the team travelled to Moscow and put nine-tries past Russia to win 0–48. This meant that their last match against Ireland was crucial. Because Ireland had a significantly better points difference then Lebanon, The Cedars needed a win to qualify, a draw or a narrow defeat was simply not good enough. At the end of the Russia match, despite the easy victory, Darren Maroon said that the team must make big improvements if they were to beat the Irish. Due to the volatile situation in Lebanon, The Cedars had to play their "home tie" in Dewsbury, England. A George Ndaira try in the first half meant that Lebanon went into half time on the wrong end of a 12–4 scoreline. Chris Salem immediately scored a try after the interval though and Lebanon were back in the game. In the 63rd minute prop Charlie Nohra was sent off, leaving Lebanon with 12 men and a huge upward struggle. Frank Samia scored a converted try near the end of the match and so Lebanon were ahead for the first time in the match. In the last minute the two points were taken away as a high-tackle gave Ireland a penalty which they scored to end the game 16–16. Lebanon had not done enough to secure a place in the World Cup.
But because they had finished, they went into a repechage match with three other teams, Wales, USA and Samoa. They faced Wales first and won that match in Widnes, England. In took a long time for Lebanon too actually take the lead for the first time in the match, but in the second half Lebanon were much stronger than Wales and eventually posted nine tries, including three by Chris Salem, against Wales' five. This victory also meant that Lebanon had extended their unbeaten streak to 13 matches, and in doing so beating Australia's record of 12 unbeaten matches from 1999 to 2001. Samoa had beaten the US in the other match and so Lebanon and Samoa faced each other in Featherstone, England for the tenth and final place in the 2008 World Cup. Samoa had a lot of the possession during the match and were noticeably physically larger. Samoa went into half time with a 28–8 lead despite a George Ndaira try for Lebanon on the 18th minute and an Adnan Saleh try very near to half-time. Two more tries in the second half were not enough for Lebanon and they lost the match 16–38, scoring four tries but converting none of them.
2013 World Cup Qualifying
Lebanon were drawn against Serbia, Italy and Russia in the qualifying group for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup, with the winners of the group progressing to the final tournament. Following comfortable victories over Serbia and Russia, Lebanon set up a winner-takes-all match against Italy in Belgrade on 29 October. The game finished in a draw with the score at 19–19, which unfortunately meant that Italy qualified for the World Cup ahead of Lebanon based on points difference. This is the second time in a row that Lebanon have failed to qualify for the World Cup despite not losing a game in the qualifiers.
2017 World Cup
Qualifying
Lebanon were drawn initially in a one-off playoff in Dubai, United Arab Emirates against the African rugby league nation of South Africa, however the match was shifted to a two match play-off in Pretoria, South Africa due to a controversial arrest of Sol Mokdad following a complaint from UAE rugby union officials.
Lebanon comfortably won the play-off fixtures with an aggregate score of 90-28 with Travis Robinson scored 3 tries in each of the games.
Group Stage
Lebanon were drawn into a tough group with Australia, England and France. Three teams from the group would qualify for the quarter-finals with Lebanon being the favourites to be knocked out. Lebanon's team was mostly made up of Lebanese-Australians who played their club rugby in Australia, the most high profile of these players being captain and NRL star Robbie Farah who had previously played for Australia, and upcoming prospect Mitchell Moses. The Cedars were coached by Australian legendary player Brad Fittler
They started the tournament with a game against France at Canberra Stadium, Canberra. Travis Robinson, who had scored 6 tries in the qualifying play-off series, scored 2 tries in the game to cause an upset and win 29-18. This win was Lebanon's first at a world cup. Their next game came against England, losing 10-29. Their last group game also saw them lose 34-0 to overwhelming tournament favourites Australia. This performance however was seen as a decent one due to Lebanon's admirable defensive effort and ability to keep Australia's score much lower than was expected.
Knock-out Stage
Lebanon's win against France was enough to send them into the knock-out stages of the competition where they faced Tonga. With a score of 22-24, Lebanon lost by just two points in the quarter-final. Lebanon's progression to the knock-out stages of the tournament has also qualified them for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup.
2021 World Cup
Qualifying
Lebanon automatically qualified for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup having reached the quarter finals of the previous Rugby League World Cup. The 2021 tournament will take place in England.
Current squad
17 man squad vs Fiji for the 2019 Pacific Test.
Squad named for the 2019 Rugby League World Cup 9s;
Kayne Kalache
James Roumanos
Elie El-Zakhem
Reece Robinson
Travis Robinson
Jacob Kiraz
Jalal Bazzaz
Anthony Layoun
Bilal Maarbani
Jayden El-Jalkh
Adam Rizk
Josh Rizk
John Paul Nohra
Johnny-Lee Gabriel
Charbel Tasipale
Ahmad Harajly
Ziad Agha
Jordan Samrani
International Results
Lebanon has been participating in International fixtures since 1998 and has played 51 games since then to the end of the 2017 World Cup group stage, at an average of three games per year. Most of Lebanon's games have been played as friendlies or as part of the Mediterranean Cup which has taken place sporadically from 1999, with Lebanon winning all 5 tournaments that have been held.
Lebanon have a 65% win record, holding impressive records against a number of more experienced teams such as France whom they hold an 80% win record from 5 games and a 71% win record against Italy whom they have played 7 times. Lebanon have played the 'big three' teams of Australia, New Zealand and England once each, losing each time, the losses against Australia and England coming in the group stage of the 2017 World Cup.
Over the 19 years of Lebanon's existence, they have played 20 different countries, playing Italy the most with 7 games, France and Morocco being the second most at 5 games each.
The following table underneath shows Lebanon's all-time rugby league results record: They have been participating in International fixtures since 1998.
World Cup Record
Lebanon have taken part in two world cups, in 2000 and 2017. In 2000, they were knocked out in the group stages after losing two games and drawing one, a 22-22 result against Cook Islands. Lebanon qualified for the 2017 tournament after beating South Africa in a two match play-off series. Lebanon won their first game in a world cup after beating France 29-18 in the group, a win that was enough to send them into the quarter-finals. Reaching this stage of the competition has also automatically qualified them for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup.
Records
The most cap for Lebanon is Robin Hachache with 21 caps. Robin Hachache is a local domestic player in the Lebanese Rugby League Championship.
See also
Rugby league in Lebanon
Lebanon national rugby league team match results
References
External links
Al Jazeera YouTube feature
Google-Video
Lebanon Rugby League
Category:National rugby league teams
Rugby league
National team | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2019–20 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team represents the University of Oregon during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ducks, led by 10th-year head coach Dana Altman, play their home games at Matthew Knight Arena as members of the Pac–12 Conference.
Previous season
The Ducks finished the season with a 25–13 record, 10–8 in conference play, and finished tied for fourth in the Pac-12. As the 6 seed in the Pac-12 Tournament, Oregon upset No. 3-seeded Utah, No. 2-seeded Arizona State, and No. 1-seeded Washington to win the tournament championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. Oregon entered the NCAA Tournament as a No. 12 seed and upset the No. 5 seed Wisconsin in the first round. Oregon made it to the Sweet Sixteen where they lost to Virginia, who would eventually become National Champions.
Off-season
Departures
Incoming transfers
2019 recruiting class
Roster
Freshman center N'Faly Dante missed first nine games of the season due to academic ineligibility.
Depth Chart
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season
|-
!colspan=12 style=| Pac-12 regular season
|-
!colspan=12 style=| Pac-12 Tournament
Ranking movement
*AP does not release post-NCAA Tournament rankings.^Coaches did not release a Week 2 poll.
References
Category:Oregon Ducks men's basketball seasons
Oregon
Oregon Ducks men's basketball
Oregon Ducks men's basketball | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Poison of Ages
Poison of Ages is an album by New Zealand metal band 8 Foot Sativa. The official release date was May 21, 2007.
A two-minute demo of 'For the Birds' could be found on their website 8footsativa.com. The band premiered 'For the Birds' in August 2006 at The Rack and Ruin bar in Napier. They also premiered 'Thumbs, Eye Sockets, Love' not long afterwards. The band played at least three of the songs live before they released Poison of Ages.
Recording
8 Foot Sativa's drummer at the time, Corey Friedlander, was planned to play the drums for this album but was unable to perform to the standard required of the album's producer. Steven Westerberg from Carnal Forge ended up doing the drumming on this album. Petri Kuusisto, also from Carnal Forge, performed the guitar solos on the songs Crosses For Eyes and For The Birds.
On the Official Forums Ben Read, the lead vocalist, stated that due to a breached contract Poison of Ages would not be able to be released until the band put together NZD $20,000. He however promised that the album would be released at some stage.
Track listing
Emancipate – 3:26
Thumbs, Eye-Sockets, Love – 4:36
We, the Termites – 3:20
Exeunt – 4:43
Crosses for Eyes – 4:48
Pirates & Capitalists – 6:06
The Great Western Cliff-Hanger – 4:55
For the Birds – 4:29
Napalm Existence – 5:13
Credits
Ben Read - Vocals
Gary Smith - Guitar
William Cleverdon - Guitar
Brent Fox - Bass
Steven Westerberg - Drums
References
Category:2007 albums
Category:8 Foot Sativa albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Jørgen Pedersen
Jørgen Pedersen (1914–1978) was an Epidemiologist. He is known for his hypothesis concerning the correlation of hyperglycemia during pregnancy and disease in later life.
Life and work
In 1952 he formulated the hypothesis that hyperglycemia in pregnant women might lead to hyperglycemia in their fetuses, causing complications in infancy and later life.
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with unfavorable fetal and neonatal outcomes, since an increased maternal blood sugar value correlated with increased fetal insulin levels and is involved so directly to the development of diabetic foetopathy.
To consume sugar, soft drinks and sugary-sweetened foods is significantly positively correlated with a risk of an pathologically increased amount of glucose in the blood and diabetes.
The annual Joergen Pedersen Lecture, in honor of Pedersen, has been established by the Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes since 1980.
References
Category:1914 births
Category:1978 deaths
Category:German public health doctors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Oscar Health
Oscar Health Insurance is a technology-focused health insurance company founded in 2012, and is headquartered in New York City. The company focuses on the health insurance industry through telemedicine, healthcare focused technological interfaces, and transparent claims pricing systems.
History
2012–2015
The company was founded in 2012 by Mario Schlosser, Josh Kushner, and Kevin Nazemi, who were classmates at Harvard Business School. Schlosser and Kushner were inspired to start the company after interacting with a complicated hospital billing system in 2012 (Schlosser for his wife's pregnancy, and Kushner for his sprained ankle). They named the company Oscar after Kushner's great-grandfather, in order to bring a human element to the ethos of the healthcare company. Oscar began selling insurance for the same year that the Affordable Care Act exchanges and individual mandate went into effect for the 2014 plan year. In its first year, Oscar secured 16,000 members. In 2015, Oscar expanded coverage to New Jersey and grew to about 40,000 members.
2016
In 2016, Oscar had 145,000 members in New York, New Jersey, California, and Texas. Oscar expanded its operations to Tempe, Arizona in August 2016, where it decided to locate its Concierge teams, their name for their member services model. On August 23, 2016, Oscar announced it would be exiting the New Jersey Marketplace at the end of 2016, citing uncertainties in the market that would make it challenging to “to operate effectively and continue to deliver access to quality healthcare." Oscar also announced that it would halve the size of its provider network in New York amidst rising premiums in order to “gain more control over pricing and patient experience.
In November 2016, Oscar opened the Oscar Center in partnership with Mount Sinai Health System. Located in Brooklyn Heights, next to the Jay Street–MetroTech station, the Oscar Center has a primary care practice with a doctor, nurse practitioner, and a behavioral health specialist, and is only available to Oscar Members. It also hosts free classes for members, such as yoga classes or classes for expectant mothers.
2017
On April 25, 2017, Oscar announced its entrance into the small group insurance market, offering health plans in New York. On June 15, 2017, Oscar announced its partnership with Cleveland Clinic to offer individual health insurance plans to consumers in five counties in Northeastern Ohio.
On June 21, 2017, Oscar announced its intention to expand to additional markets in 2018 in areas of Tennessee, Ohio, Texas, New Jersey and California. On July 12, 2017, Oscar announced that it would be selling small group insurance in the Nashville metro area to companies with up to 50 employees through a strategic partnership with Humana.
As of September 2017, Oscar sells individual health insurance plans, both directly and through health insurance marketplaces, in New York, Texas and California. Mario Schlosser is the company’s CEO, after serving as Co-CEO with Nazemi until the latter’s departure in early 2015. While Kushner does not hold a formal role in Oscar’s daily operations, he remains a major shareholder and Schlosser confirmed he has “significant input in multiple aspects of the company like strategy, hiring, and marketing."
Product and services
Oscar currently offers individual health plans in Ohio, Texas, New Jersey, Tennessee, and California. It offers small group health insurance plans in New York.
Oscar's aim is to change Americans’ experience of engaging with the healthcare system by “redesign[ing] insurance to be geared toward the user experience.”
Oscar assigns each of its members to a “Concierge Team” which is made up of a team of three care guides and a registered nurse that handle both traditional customer service questions as well as coordination of clinical care. In an interview with the Phoenix Business Journal in 2017, Oscar's VP of Customer Care Paul Gazely said that Oscar's concierge model “helps to build a relationship and build trust with our members with their health care needs,” and that the model helps Oscar familiarize itself “with the member’s needs by looking at the entire member’s health history.”
Oscar offers direct appointment scheduling with a selection of its provider partners and (as of 2017) provides an application and tools to serve Oscar members, including a Clinical Dashboard that pulls Oscar members’ medical histories into a single platform. According to WIRED they built predictive models using purchased Medicare data and Oscar's own claims data to better optimize their patient and doctor provider network based on location, provider specialties
In 2018, Oscar began offering a wider network to its small business customers which it dubbed Circle Plus, as opposed to its original network which it calls Circle.
Corporate affairs and culture
Employees
In 2015, Nazemi left the Oscar leadership team, and Schlosser took over as sole CEO.
At the beginning of 2016, the company named Joel Klein, former Assistant Attorney General and Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education, as Chief Policy and Strategy Officer, and Brian West, former COO and CFO at Nielsen, as Chief Financial Officer.
In March 2016, Sara Rowghani, former GM of Google UXA and VP of Marketing at Kickstarter, joined the team as VP of Marketing.
In 2016, Bloomberg News reported technology chief Fredrik Nylander's departure in June was to be filled by Alan Warren from Google.
In August 2016, Anne Espiritu, former VP of Global PR and Comms at Yahoo!, joined as VP of Communications and Corporate Social Responsibility.
In October 2016, Deena Gianoncelli, former Chief People Officer at Jet.com, joined as Chief People Officer at Oscar.
In August 2017, Dennis Weaver, former chief medical officer at Advisory Board Co., was hired as the Chief Clinical Officer for Oscar.
Marketing and brand
Oscar Health has run marketing campaigns on the New York City Subway. Bloomberg News reported the advertising campaigns feature cartoons suggesting "an easier way of getting medical care." AdWeek described Oscar Health's print ads as featuring "whimsical, animated characters".
In 2015, AdWeek reported that Oscar was airing its first television campaign targeted at the demographics of "new parents who are too frazzled to shop for health insurance." The ad launched on network stations in New Jersey and New York areas, cable, movie theaters located in New Jersey and in advertising within the Spotify app.
In 2016, Oscar ran a subway ad campaign with an educational bent around what the problems are with the American healthcare system.
Finances
Funding
Oscar has raised capital through a series of funding rounds. Its investors include Thrive Capital, General Catalyst Partners, Khosla Ventures, CapitalG, and Fidelity Investments.
During the May 2014 Series A round, Peter Thiel's Founders Fund led the series investing $30 million. By the close of Series A, Forbes reported the valuation of the company at $800 million.
During the 2015 Series B round, Oscar Health raised $145 million, bringing the total capital raised to $300 million, thus valuing the company at $1.5 billion. Series B investors included Formation 8, Horizons Ventures, Wellington Management Company, and Goldman Sachs.
In September 2015, Oscar announced a funding round with Google Ventures and Google Capital, valuing the company at $1.75 billion.
During the 2016 Series C round, Oscar raised $400 million led by Fidelity Investments, with secondary participation from previous investors, with a reported valuation of $2.7 billion. As of 2019, the company had raised $1.3 billion, and was valued at $3.2 billion.
Revenue
In 2014, New York magazine reported that as of May 2014, Oscar Health had 16,000 subscribers enrolled in its insurance program producing an estimated $72 million. In 2015, Forbes reported that Oscar Health had 40,000 subscribers with an average subscriber paying annual fees of $4,500, placing Oscar Health's revenue estimates at $180 million.
Vox reported that in 2015, Oscar Health lost $92.4 million in New York as the firm's analytical models failed to accurately forecast "the people who signed up for coverage were sicker than the company had expected."
By 2016, Oscar Health had 135,000 subscribers, with roughly half residing in New York State.
In February 2017, Bloomberg reported that Oscar had lost $204.9 million in 2016.
In May 2017, Bloomberg reported that Oscar's first quarter loss had narrowed by nearly half, writing that the company was “beginning to get a handle on its medical costs." In August 2017, Bloomberg also reported that Oscar had posted a $57.6 million loss in the first half of 2017, down from the $83 million lost posted the year prior.
Headquarters and offices
Oscar's headquarters are located in New York City. They also have a technology outpost in Los Angeles, an office in Dallas, and a member services operation in Tempe, Arizona.
References
Category:Insurance companies based in New York City
Category:American companies established in 2012
Category:2012 establishments in New York City
Category:Financial services companies established in 2012
Category:Health insurance companies of the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Veliko Laole
Veliko Laole is a village situated in Petrovac na Mlavi municipality in Serbia.
References
Category:Populated places in Braničevo District | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Pardon My French (1951 film)
The Lady from Boston is a 1951 French-American comedy film directed by Bernard Vorhaus and starring Paul Henreid, Merle Oberon and Paul Bonifas. The film is also known as Pardon My French. A French-language version Dans la vie tout s'arrange was also made.
Premise
A Boston schoolteacher (Oberon) inherits a chateau in France, but on arriving to take over the property she discovers it is filled with squatters.
Cast
Paul Henreid - Paul Rencourt
Merle Oberon - Elizabeth Rockwell
Paul Bonifas - Monsieur Bleubois
Maximilienne - Madame Bleubois
Jim Gérald - Monsieur Poisson
Alexandre Rignault - Rondeau
Martial Rèbe - Mobet
Dora Doll - Yvette
Laura Daryl - Mme. Mobet
Lucien Callamand - Inspector
Víctor Merenda - François
Gilberte Defoucault - Marie-Claire
Marina Vlady - Jacqueline
Gérard Rosset - Michel
Albert Culloz - André
Nicole Monnin - Marcelle
André Aversa - Pierrot
External links
Category:1951 films
Category:French comedy films
Category:American comedy films
Category:American films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films directed by Bernard Vorhaus
Category:Films set in France
Category:French films
Category:American multilingual films
Category:French multilingual films
Category:1950s multilingual films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Los Altos High School (Los Altos, California)
Los Altos High School (abbreviated as LAHS) is a WASC (Western Association of Schools and Colleges) accredited public high school located in Los Altos, California, United States, in the heart of Silicon Valley. The student-teacher ratios at Los Altos High School are considerably lower than the state average. Los Altos was opened in 1954 and is located at 201 Almond Avenue with close proximity to Los Altos Downtown, San Antonio Shopping Center, and Almond Elementary School.
Los Altos High School is one of the three Mountain View-Los Altos Union High School District public high schools; the other schools being Mountain View High School and Alta Vista High School. The main feeder schools are Egan Junior High School and Crittenden Middle School. The attendance area includes highly affluent sections of Los Altos, Los Altos Hills and Mountain View as well as low-income housing sections of Mountain View. Since 2005, the school principal has been Wynne Satterwhite. The previous principal, George Perez, left in 2004.
History
Los Altos High School was established in 1954 on the site of an orchard. Initially, Los Altos High School served the mostly white, middle to upper class populations of Los Altos and Los Altos Hills. During 1981 redistricting efforts, the district closed its oldest high school, Mountain View High School, which was located on Castro Street in downtown Mountain View. Awalt High School was then renamed Mountain View High School, while Los Altos High School replaced its Knight mascot with the Eagle mascot from the old Mountain View High School. The district reaches from Los Altos through Mountain View to San Francisco Bay in the north. Both schools are located near the city border of Los Altos and Mountain View, and each has a considerable amount of the "other" city in its attendance area.
In more recent history, Los Altos High has undergone major renovations, which has significantly enhanced the campus environment. This includes a new language and art building and a FieldTurf athletic field.
During the El Niño storms of 1998, a tornado ripped through the Theater area of the school. The tornado touched down at 5:05PM on May 4, 1998, near the intersection of El Monte Road and Almond Avenue. It was rated F1 on the Fujita Scale, and was one of two that touched down in the area. The tornado uprooted trees, picked up dumpsters, damaged the tennis court fences, and destroyed the baseball diamond dugout. Damages were estimated at $25,000.
Statistics and demographics
As of the 2003-2004 school year, the enrollment was approximately 1600 students; in the last few years each incoming class has been significantly larger than the outgoing class.
As of 2018, European American students comprise 40% of the population at Los Altos High School, Hispanic and Latino American students comprise 26%, up from 24% in 2011, Asian American students comprise 30%, up from 24% in 2017, and 4% are "Other". As of 2018, only 22 members of the student body identify as African American.
Education
Los Altos High School is a gold-certified high school and ranked 421st nationally in 2019 by U.S. News and World Report. Los Altos High School is ranked 56th in California.
Test scores and state-wide ranking
In 2006, City-data deemed Los Altos High School to be the 9th best High School in California, with an API of 797. However, Newsweek grades schools on weighted data and teacher:student ratios, while City-Data merely uses API as a standard.
In 2008, the school's performance fell seven points in the API from the previous year, with a final score of 795. Asians lost their score slightly by five points and while students with disabilities lost 25 points from the previous year, while Hispanics and the economically disadvantaged scored higher than the previous year. However, they passed the Federal "Adequate Yearly Progress" standards.
2009 saw an increase of 30 points in the API for the school, with a 34-point increase for Latino students and 64 for English-Language learners. 825 points is the highest in school history.
API scores for the student body overall have climbed steadily each year from 799 in 2008 to 875 in 2011.
Beginning in 2016, the state of California switched to a new Common Core based testing through the CAASPP (California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress). Students in the 11th grade who took this test in 2016 averaged in the 85.33rd percentile in ELA, and 96.27th percentile in Mathematics.
Educational environment
The California Department of Education claims that in 2008-2009, 98% of teachers were fully credentialed—this is higher than the state average. In 2009, Michelle Bissonnette, who taught at Los Altos for 10 years, was selected as one of three "Teaching Ambassador Fellows" to work as a full-time employee of the United States Department of Education for one school year.
Student life
Los Altos High School boasts a strong athletic department, performing arts department and has a host of student-run clubs.
Athletics
Los Altos High School requires two years of Physical Education (PE) credits in order to graduate. 1 full year of P.E. in 9th grade is required. After-school sports each provide one semester of credits. Its sports teams participate in the regional SCVAL League. The track and field team has made it to State championships numerous times, most notably winning 5 CIF-CCS Championship titles, and a CIF state championship title in 1970.
Performing arts
Los Altos High boasts a large music department, with a state of the art music room equipped with reverb devices. The musical ensembles included are Auxiliary Units (also known as Color Guard), Marching band, Jazz band, Chamber Ensemble, String Orchestra, Wind Ensemble, Symphonic Band, and Concert Band. Los Altos High School also includes Concert Choir and the world-renowned Main Street Singers. The school also hosts a Drama department, the advanced course of which is called Broken Box Theatre Company and performs in the school's Eagle Theater.
The school's world-traveling vocal ensemble, known as the "Main Street Singers", travel around the world on tour every year. They gained international reputation through completing concert travel to 45 countries from six different continents and performing works in twenty languages ranging from Renaissance to Contemporary in over 100 concerts yearly. In 2009, they became the first international organization to travel from Taiwan to Mainland China via the newly implemented Three Links system. Pop singer Aaron Fresh took part of the school's glee and choir program while he attended Los Altos High School.
The High School's Marching band is part of the Western Band Association, which is based in California. The Band competes in the AA and AAA categories. In 1997, the LAHS Marching Band received six awards at the state festival. In 2008, the band won its first sweepstakes award in four years, placing 7th out of 48 participating bands at Western Band's state preliminaries. In 2011-2012, the Band's show, "Forbidden", won numerous awards at local competitions, finished 6th statewide at the WBA State Championships in Thousand Oaks, CA, and captured the State's AAA High Music caption award for the first time in school history In that same year, the band won a total of fifteen trophies and were undefeated in music throughout the entire season. The band's 2012 AA show was entitled "Senses" and their 2013 AAA show "REM." The 2014 AAA show was entitled "House of Cards" and won 1st place at both Gilroy High School and Quest Classic competitions. In 2014, for the first time, the LAHS Marching Band competed in Bands of America regional championships, placing 3rd place in the AAA category. The band's AA show from 2015 was entitled "Muse". In 2015, the band came in 3rd place in the AA category at the Western Band Association 1A-2A-3A Class Championships, earning a spot to compete in the 1A-2A-3A Combined Grand Championships. The band went on to place 8th overall in the combined class championships.
School festivities
Los Altos High School's ASB (Associated Student Body) and the 4 class council's organize several events throughout the school year including rallies and dances.
A notable event of each school year is homecoming, which includes a football game, a parade in downtown Los Altos, and the yearly nomination process of for the king and queen. Each year, seniors first nominate 20 peers within their own graduating class for the 2 positions. The 20 seniors then break up into groups of 3-4 and create a 2-3 minute video that is played for the entire school during the morning announcements. Finally, the entire school votes for their top 2 and the result is revealed during the halftime show of the homecoming football game with the crowning of the king and queen.
Student clubs
Students at Los Altos High School have independently started over 50 different clubs, including One Dollar For Life, a non-profit organization founded by history and economics teacher Robert Freeman. It also hosts club extensions of many nationally recognized organizations, such as American Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International, AVID Council, Club Darfur, Future Business Leaders of America, Gay-Straight Alliance, Key Club, Model United Nations, Safe Ride, and Mock Trial. They also have "student unions" of most ethnic and racial groups present in the school. For example, The BSU (British Student Union) at Los Altos High School celebrates British culture. These clubs impact the entire Los Altos community, and in the case of One Dollar For Life and Amnesty International, they impact regions in rural Africa and Haiti, respectively.
The Los Altos Green Team, with the help of Sierra Club officials, urged citizens to sign petitions and presented them to the City Council. This helped create the grassroots for a Los Altos "Cool Cities" campaign to aide the city in becoming more Green; resulting in the city to be included in the Kyoto Protocol through the Mayor's Climate Protection Center. They have also invited an Emmy Award-winning Al Gore-trained speaker to deliver an "update" on An Inconvenient Truth as well as provide tips on making the student's lives more environmentally friendly. They have since started a local sustainable and organic garden and plan to sell subscriptions to local residents.
In addition, class of 2008 and previous president of the school's Gay-Straight Alliance, received an award for his efforts in promoting gay rights at a local level; while joining San Jose city's annual gay-pride parade. In 2004, the Alliance petitioned the Los Altos city council to proclaim a Gay Pride Parade in the city's downtown, which resulted in the passage of language which specifically prohibited religious, racial, ethnic or sexual discrimination-related proclamations. The group, along with the support of San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom and then-Supervisor Tom Ammiano, then petitioned the city council to reverse the law, a move which was unanimously approved in 2006. They then organized a Gay Pride parade in downtown Los Altos, with over 300 in attendance. Due to this event, the County of Santa Clara and multiple local cities declared a gay pride day in honor of the club. In addition, the school sponsors a Day of Silence event annually to combat discrimination against LGBT students.
Los Altos High School shares a Speech and Debate team with Mountain View High School. The team was founded by Charles Dahan in 1999, with Dahan earning nine Tournament of Champions bids during his debate career. In 2008, Daniel Moerner, class of 2009, won the Walter Alan Ulrich Award for Top Speaker in Lincoln-Douglas Debate at the Tournament of Champions. In 2009, he also became the first debater to ever win the Stanford Invitational and Berkeley National Invitational back-to-back in their 20-year history.
Student publications
The Talon is the school's student-run newspaper which has been nationally recognized by the Journalism Education Association and the National Scholastic Press Association. In 1997, it was honored as one of the NSPA's newspaper pacemakers. In 2009, it placed 10th for the NSPA's national Best in Show award in the Newspaper 17+ pages category. They also won several awards for Features writing, Entertainment Review writing, Photography, and Editorial Cartooning. In 2010, The Talon's website, www.lahstalon.org, placed 8th for the NSPA's Best in Show award for publication websites. In 2011, The Talon's website qualified for the Pacemaker online finalists.
Notable alumni
Ted Barrett, Major League Baseball umpire.
Steve Centanni, Fox News National Correspondent
Elizabeth Chomko, actress, director and screenwriter
Stephen Clark, Olympic gold medal winning swimmer
David DiVincenzo, Pioneer of Quantum Computing
Lorrie Fair and Ronnie Fair, twin sisters that played for USA National Soccer team, and later became professional soccer players.
Juliette Frette, June 2008 Playboy Playmate of the Month, class of 2002.
Shannon Haley, singer, part of the duo Haley & Michaels
Tom Harrell, musician, class of 1963.
Willie Howard, NFL football player, class of 1996.
Erik Johnson, MLB Baseball player, class of 2008.
John Brady Kiesling, former U.S. foreign service officer and author. Class of 1975.
Timothy Lam, professional badminton player for the United States.
Raj Mathai, Emmy Award-winning news anchor, Class of 1989.
Theodore Olson, 42nd United States Solicitor General class of 1958.
Daniel Rosenbaum, professional basketball player for Hapoel Jerusalem.
Simon Rosenbaum, American-Israeli baseball player with Team Israel
Nick Swinmurn, founder of Zappos.com
Andrew Arnold Tink, Member of Parliament (1987–2007), New South Wales Legislative Assembly, class of 1971.
Talise Trevigne, opera singer class of 1992
Notable faculty
Sandy Wihtol, head baseball coach
References
External links
Los Altos High School website
The Main Street Singers of Los Altos High School - an SATB Chamber Group
The Talon (school newspaper)
Eaglestrike - FRC Team 114 from Los Altos High School
Category:Mountain View-Los Altos Union High School District
Category:High schools in Santa Clara County, California
Category:Los Altos, California
Category:Public high schools in California
Category:Educational institutions established in 1954
Category:1954 establishments in California | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Diamimus
Diamimus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There is at least one described species in Diamimus, D. subsericeus.
References
Further reading
Category:Entiminae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Chemosensitivity assay
A chemosensitivity assay is a laboratory test that measures the number of tumor cells that are killed by chemotherapy. The test is done after the tumor cells are removed from the body. A chemosensitivity assay may help in choosing the best drug or drugs for the cancer being treated.
With dozens of chemotherapy agents and hundreds of combinations available for treatment, oncologists often select a regimen from standard protocols developed in clinical trials.
References
Chemosensitivity assay entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
Category:Medical tests
Category:Cancer treatments
Category:Chemotherapy | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Malayali Australians
Malayali Australians (Malayalee Australian) are Australians whose ancestors, or themselves identify as ethnic Malayali's (also called Keralite)and speak Malayalam language. Malayali Australians constitute one group of Indian Australians. Malayali's originate from the South Indian state of Kerala, and is one of the fastest growing populations in Australia, with 53,206 speakers as per 2016 census. There were 25,111 Malayali's in Australia according to 2011 census. Majority of this population has arrived in Australia after the year 2007. The state and territory wise breakup of Malayalam speakers as per 2016 census is:
New South Wales - 13,881
Queensland - 7,611
South Australia - 3,692
Tasmania - 254
Victoria - 16,950
Western Australia - 7,544
Australian Capital Territory - 1,994
Northern Territory - 1,274
The majority proportion of this population is associated with the 25-39 year age cohort (53%), and the estimated average age of this population is approximately 32 years. Both the genders are well represented with more number of males (52%) compared to females (48%). A vast majority of this population over the age of 15 years are married (71%), and this is followed by people who have never married (11%). More than two-thirds of this population has indicated an affiliation with Christianity and this is followed by almost a quarter of this population indicating an affiliation with Hinduism. There is also a growing number of people who have no religious affiliation. The population is well represented across different income groups, and the estimated average individual income is $45,000 per annum. Almost a quarter of this population indicated that they are Australian citizens.
Notable Malayali Australians
Mathai Varghese, pure mathematician
Peter Varghese, public servant
Sajeev Koshy, Community Health
See also
Indian Australians
Malayali people
References
External links
http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/2016+Census+National
Category:Asian Australian
Category:Immigration to Australia
Category:Malayali diaspora
Category:Indian diaspora in Australia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Union Bank of Jamaica
Union Bank of Jamaica in Jamaica was the result of a merger in 2000 of the business of four FINSAC controlled commercial banks and their three allied merchant banks, all seven of which sought Government intervention when faced with insolvency: Citizens Bank; Eagle Commercial Bank; Island Victoria Bank; Workers Savings & Loan Bank; Citizens Merchant Bank; Corporate Merchant Bank; and Island Life Merchant Bank. Citizens Bank had started in 1967 as Jamaica Citizens Bank, the first Jamaican-owned bank. The US bank, Citizens and Southern had taken a 49% stake, and local interests owned 51%. At some point Citizens & Southern was forced to sell its shares to local interests. Eagle Commercial Bank had been established in 1968, and Island Victoria Bank in 1993.
In 2001, Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago bought Union Bank of Jamaica.
References
Category:Banks of Jamaica | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ben Affleck filmography
Ben Affleck is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. His first screen appearance was a minor part in the independent film The Dark End of the Street (1981). He went on to appear in several television shows, including the PBS educational programs The Voyage of the Mimi (1984) and The Second Voyage of the Mimi (1988), and an episode of the ABC Afterschool Special in 1986. Affleck played an antisemite in the sports film School Ties (1992) and featured as a regular on the television drama Against the Grain (1993). He gained attention for playing the supporting part of a high-school senior in Richard Linklater's cult film Dazed and Confused (1993), after which he had his first leading role in Rich Wilkes's comedy Glory Daze (1995).
In 1997, Affleck played a comics artist in Smith's art-house success Chasing Amy, and featured in and co-wrote the drama Good Will Hunting with Matt Damon; they won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for it. He next starred with Bruce Willis in Michael Bay's $554 million-grossing science fiction film Armageddon (1998), which proved to be his biggest commercial success to that point. In 2000, Affleck formed a production company with Damon and Sean Bailey, named LivePlanet, which produced Project Greenlight (2001–05, 2015), a television series that provides training to first-time filmmakers. He has served as the executive producer of several projects directed by the winners of the show. Affleck played opposite Kate Beckinsale in Bay's war film Pearl Harbor (2001), which despite negative reviews was a box office hit. His career subsequently went through a period of decline when he starred in a series of critical and commercial failures, including the superhero film Daredevil (2003), and the comedies Gigli (2003) and Surviving Christmas (2004). He later made a comeback with the biopic Hollywoodland (2006), in which his portrayal of George Reeves earned him a Golden Globe nomination.
In 2007, Affleck made his feature film directorial debut with Gone Baby Gone, a thriller based on the novel by Dennis Lehane, which was critically praised. He went on to act in and direct two acclaimed features for Warner Bros.the crime drama The Town (2010) and the thriller Argo (2012). The latter, about the 1979 Iran hostage crisis in which he played the intelligence agent Tony Mendez, won the Academy Award for Best Picture and Affleck won the Golden Globe and BAFTA for Best Director. In 2014, Affleck played a man accused of murdering his wife in David Fincher's thriller Gone Girl. Two years later, he starred as Batman in the superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) which grossed a worldwide total of over $873 million at the box office—his highest-grossing release, a role he reprised in subsequent installments set in the DC Extended Universe.
Film
Television
See also
List of awards and nominations received by Ben Affleck
Footnotes
References
External links
Category:Male actor filmographies
Category:American filmographies
Filmography
Category:Director filmographies | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Tom Lawson (ice hockey)
Tom Lawson (born September 15, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He has since served as a goaltending coach at St. Andrew's College.
Playing career
Born in Whitby, Ontario, Lawson attending Henry Street High School and played junior hockey for the Markham Waxers hockey organization in 1998-99. He then joined Bowling Green State in Ohio and played for the hockey team on a scholarship as a freshman during the 1999–2000 season. He turned professional the next year with the Knoxville Speed of the United Hockey League and made his American Hockey League debut in a single contest with the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks.
In the 2002–03 season, Lawson was the starting goaltender for the Fort Wayne Komets and recorded a banner year in claiming the UHL Championship. He was selected as the league's best goaltender, playoff MVP and earning a place in the UHL First-All-Star Team. In the off-season, Lawson was signed to a NHL contract by the Colorado Avalanche.
Lawson was assigned to the Avalanche's AHL affiliate, the Hershey Bears for the 2003–04 season. He appeared in a career high 32 AHL games for 13 wins and a 2.30 goals against average. He would remain within the Avalanche affiliations for the next two seasons with the Bears and the Lowell Lock Monsters.
In the 2006–07 season, Lawson embarked on pursuing a European career and signed a one-year deal with Lukko Rauma in the Finnish SM-liiga. He then moved to Russia, signing as the starting goaltender for the 2007–08 season with CSKA Moscow (the "Red Army Team") of the Russian Superleague. Becoming the first Canadian to feature in goal for the Red Army, Lawson led the RSL in wins, shutouts and games played.
After his successful stint with the Red Army, Lawson signed a two-year contract with Sibir Novosibirsk for the inaugural season of the new top level Russian tier, the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Lawson appeared in 59 games in the KHL over his two seasons with Novosibirsk before he was released by the club on January 15, 2010. Nearing the end of the 2009–10, on January 26, 2010, he moved to Sweden to finish his professional career with Leksands IF of the second tier HockeyAllsvenskan.
Personal
Lawson has a wife and three kids, and resides in Aurora, Ontario. Post playing career he became a fire-fighter for the town of Ajax, Ontario while owning and running a development hockey program, Lawson Goaltending Hockey School. He serves as the goalie coach to St. Andrew's College Varsity hockey team in Aurora. His brother-in-law is former professional hockey player, Ryan Murphy. He is also a part of the Murphy Hockey School program.
Career statistics
Awards and honours
References
External links
Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:Anchorage Aces players
Category:Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey players
Category:Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Category:Cincinnati Mighty Ducks players
Category:HC CSKA Moscow players
Category:Fort Wayne Komets players
Category:Hershey Bears players
Category:Knoxville Speed players
Category:Leksands IF players
Category:Lowell Lock Monsters players
Category:Lukko players
Category:Reading Royals players
Category:San Diego Gulls (ECHL) players
Category:HC Sibir Novosibirsk players
Category:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Finland
Category:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Category:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Arthur A. Dugoni
Arthur A. Dugoni (born June 29, 1925) is the former dean of the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry at University of the Pacific and a national leader in dentistry and dental education.
In addition to heading University of the Pacific's dental school for 28 years, Dugoni served as president of the California Dental Association, the American Dental Association, the American Dental Education Association and the American Board of Orthodontics. He presented some 1,000 lectures, papers, clinics and essays during his career, and published more than 175 articles.
Dugoni championed a humanistic approach to dental education, one that became a model for the nation. He also worked to address the high cost of dental education, and led dental licensure reform at the state and national levels.
Early life and education
Dugoni grew up in San Francisco as one of three children of Arthur B. and Lina Dugoni, who were immigrants from Italy. In a 2011 interview published in Inside Dentistry, he recalled that everyone on the block was a relative and that the whole family came together every Sunday to eat, tell stories and sing operas.
He graduated as valedictorian from St. James High School in San Francisco, which later merged with St. Ignatius, and then began college at the age of 17 at the University of San Francisco. With the war, he transferred to Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington, where he met his future wife, Katherine A. Groo, who attended Holy Names Academy. Dugoni graduated as valedictorian from Gonzaga in 1944.
Career
Persuaded by the family dentist to follow in his footsteps, the young Dugoni enrolled in dental school at the University of Missouri–Kansas City before completing his D.D.S. degree at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in San Francisco, the school that would later be named after him. In 1948, Dugoni delivered the valedictory address to his fellow dentists at the school.
After launching a successful clinical practice, Dugoni returned to the dental school in 1951 as assistant professor of operative dentistry. He held several other faculty positions, including professor and chair of the Department of Orthodontics. In 1963, he completed his M.S.D. degree in Orthodontics at the University of Washington and then went on to pioneer the primary and mixed dentition orthodontic clinic at University of the Pacific. Dugoni continued to maintain a private orthodontic practice in South San Francisco until 1987.
In 1978, he was appointed dean of the School of Dentistry at University of the Pacific.
On August 28, 2004, when Dugoni was 79, the University honored him for his long and distinguished leadership by renaming the school as the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry. Some 1,600 guests attended the ceremony, including 22 deans of U.S. dental schools as well as Richard W. Valachovic, longtime executive director of the American Dental Education Association.
Dugoni stepped down as dean in 2006, but continued to be involved with the school and the university as dean emeritus, professor of orthodontics and senior executive for development.
Leadership, honors and awards
Served as president of the American Dental Association (1988-1989), American Dental Association Foundation; American Association of Dental Schools, and California Dental Association, and as treasurer of the Federation Dentaire Internationale FDI World Dental Federation.
Among his many honors, Dugoni was elected in 1998 to the FDI World Dental Federation List of Honour, which is limited to 30 living individuals worldwide who have made distinguished contributions to international dentistry. In 2001, he received the William John Gies Award, the highest honor bestowed by the American College of Dentists. The California Dental Association recognized him with its Dale F. Redig Distinguished Service Award in 2003. In 2009, the ADEAGies Foundation honored him with its Award for Outstanding Achievement - Dental Educator. He received honorary doctoral degrees from the University of Detroit; University of Louisville; and Louisiana State University.
Dugoni is a fellow of the American and International College of Dentists and the Academy of Dentistry International, a member of the Pierre Fauchard Academy, and a founding member of the National Academies of Practice. He is an honorary member and fellow of the Academy of General Dentistry and an honorary member of the American Academy of Oral Medicine.
Personal life
Dugoni and his late wife, Katherine, have seven children, 15 grandchildren and eight great grandchildren.
References
Category:American orthodontists
Category:University of the Pacific (United States) faculty
Category:Living people
Category:1925 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
State Line Road
State Line Road is a major north–south street in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area that runs along the Kansas–Missouri state line. It runs 12.5 miles (20 km) from Chester Avenue in the north, crossing U.S. Highway 56 a couple of miles from the northern end and continuing south to the intersection of 135th St. in Kansas, Missouri Route 150 in the South. It continues north as Eaton St. and continues south as Kenneth Rd., both in Kansas. Its northernmost point is roughly 3/4 mile (1.25 km) south of Interstate 35. It is the dividing line between Kansas and Missouri for most of the Kansas City metro area south of the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers. Cities along the road include Kansas City, Missouri, Kansas City, Kansas, and several smaller communities in Kansas such as Leawood, Mission Hills, Prairie Village, and Westwood Hills.
For northern portions of the road, the Missouri–Kansas state line bisects the roadway. Consequently, for these portions of the road, northbound traffic is in Missouri while southbound traffic is in Kansas. For southern portions of the road, the entire road is in Missouri.
State Line Road is home to
the home and freighting office of Alexander Majors, a building on the National Register of Historic Places and located at 8145 State Line Road.
several schools on the Missouri side, such as The Barstow School, Pembroke Hill and Rockhurst High School
Ward Parkway Center at 8600 Ward Parkway
In 2001 Leawood promoted State Line Road as "The State Line Link."
References
Category:Transportation in the Kansas City metropolitan area
Category:Streets in Kansas City, Missouri | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Majora (toy company)
Majora (Majora - Mário J. Oliveira & Irmão, Lda) is a Portuguese toy manufacturer based in Porto. It has its own museum, with toys more than 70 years old.
History
Majora was founded in 1939 by Mário J. Oliveira. In 1967 today's factory in Oporto was built. In that same year, mass production by Majora started improving and increasing in quantity.
The company produced various types of toys, in particular board games.
Products
Majora makes over 300 types of toys today and more than 1 million toys per year. It exports to various countries in Europe.
See also
List of companies of Portugal
References
External links
(in Portuguese)
Category:Companies based in Porto
Category:Toy companies of Portugal
Category:1939 establishments in Portugal
Category:Portuguese brands | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Chuluut, Arkhangai
Chuluut, Rocky is a sum (district) in the Arkhangai Province in central Mongolia. It is named after the Chuluut River.
Category:Populated places in Mongolia
Category:Districts of Arkhangai Province | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
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