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Awa District, Chiba is a district located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of August 2010, the district had an estimated population of 8,992 and a density of 198 persons per km². Its total area was . Awa District at present consists only of the town of Kyonan History Awa District was one of the ancient districts of Kazusa Province, and originally covered all of the southern end of Bōsō Peninsula. In 718, it was separated from Kazusa to become the separate province of Awa, which existed to the Meiji Restoration of 1868. In the cadastral reforms of the early Meiji period, Awa Province was divided into four modern districts in 1868: , , and (formerly called Heguri). At the time of its formation, Awa District consisted of 93 hamlets, divided evenly between Tateyama Domain and Nagao Domain. These were consolidated into two towns (Tateyama and Hōjō, which merged with Tateyama in 1993) and nine villages. In 1897, three districts of Asai, Hei and Nagasa were absorbed into Awa District, at which time Awa District expanded to seven towns and 37 villages. Subsequently, Awa District has been gradually reduced in size through the formation of cities, and at present consists only of the town of Kyonan. Mergers On February 11, 2005 the town of Amatsukominato merged into the city Kamogawa. On March 20, 2006 the towns of Chikura, Maruyama, Shirahama, Tomiura, Tomiyama and Wada, and the village of Miyoshi merged to form the new city of Minamibōsō. References Bibliography Counties of Japan Category:Districts in Chiba Prefecture	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Boeng Beng Boeng Beng () is a khum (commune) of Malai District in Banteay Meanchey Province in north-western Cambodia. Villages Sang Ke សង្កែ Phnom Rung ភ្នំរូង Chrey ជ្រៃ Lvea ល្វា Chambak ចំបក់ References Category:Communes of Banteay Meanchey Province Category:Malai District Category:Communes of Cambodia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kurt Reinhard (musicologist) Kurt Reinhard (27 August 1914 – 18 July 1979) was a German musicologist and ethnomusicologist who specialised in Turkish music. Born in Gießen, Germany, he studied musicology and composition at the University of Cologne from 1933–1935, and ethnology at the Universities of Leipzig and Munich from 1935-1936. He took his doctorate at Munich doing his dissertation on Burmese music. In 1952–1968 he was a director of the Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv. His chief area of interest in the field of ethnomusicology was the folk music of Turkey. Partial bibliography Types of Turkmenian Songs in Turkey, Journal of the International Folk Music Council 9, 1956 On the problem of pre-pentatonic scales: particularly the third-second nucleus, Journal of the International Folk Music Council 10, 1958 Türkische Musik, Berlin, 1962 "Türkische Musik", in Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 1966 Musique de Turquie (in French, with Ursula Reinhard), Buchet/Chastel (Paris), 1996 Category:Ethnomusicologists Category:German musicologists Category:1914 births Category:1979 deaths Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Category:20th-century musicologists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carson Millar Carson Millar is a Saint Lucian professional football manager. Career Since 2004 until 2006 he coached the Saint Lucia national football team. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Saint Lucian football managers Category:Saint Lucia national football team managers Category:Place of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Herbert Lochs Prof. Herbert Lochs, MD (20 October 1946 – 10 February 2015) is a prominent German and Austrian medical doctor and scientist. After graduating from the University of Innsbruck Medical School, Austria he completed his residency at the Institute of Pharmacology at the University of Innsbruck. Then he moved to Vienna for the internship in internal medicine and became Assistant professor for internal medicine and gastroenterology at the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna in 1973. He received Board Accreditation for Internal Medicine by the Austrian Medical Association. Prof. Lochs went for a Sabbatical to the University of Pittsburgh Medical School, which was focused on Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. After returning to the University of Vienna Medical School he became Associate Professor at the Department of Gastroenterology. Since 1994, Lochs is chairman of the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism at the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin. . The main interests of his work, clinically as well as scientifically are inflammatory bowel disease, nutrition and metabolism. He participated in numerous clinical trials focused on inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal oncology, hepatology and nutrition. Amongst others he was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class (2008), Hoechst Prize, the Anton von Eiselsberg Prize and the Dr. Theodor Billroth Prize twice. Prof. Lochs is an active member at the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN), the German Society for Gastroenterology (DGVS), the American Gastroenterologic Association (AGA), the German Crohn's Colitis Association (DCCV), the Austrian Society for Internal Medicine, the German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM), the German Cancer Society, the International Organization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD). He was president of ESPEN, of the German Society for Clinical Nutrition (DGEM) and the Austrian Society for Clinical Nutrition. Prof. Lochs is an honorary member of several medical societies e.g. the Polish Society of Nutrition, the Hungarian Society of Clinical Nutrition, the Chech Medical Purkinje Society. Prof. Lochs is an author of over 250 original publications, 73 reviews and book articles and also editor of several books. Prof. Lochs died on 10 February 2015, in his birthplace of Innsbruck after a long bout of ill health. References Category:1946 births Category:2015 deaths Category:People from Innsbruck Category:Austrian gastroenterologists Category:German gastroenterologists Category:Austrian expatriates in Germany Category:University of Innsbruck alumni Category:University of Vienna faculty Category:Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class Category:Charité	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jin Long Si Temple Jin Long Si Temple () is a temple located at 32 Tai Seng Avenue, Singapore. History of old Lorong How Sun Site Jin Long Si Temple, originally known as Jin Long Miao, was constituted under a trust and established as a religious and charity mission in 1941, with funds and donations from philanthropic Chinese merchants. The temple started off as an attap hut on a land around Bartley donated by a grateful devotee. It was later rebuilt by Wan Guan Lin into a zinc-roof and wooden structure, while devotees had constructed a huge statue of the Laughing Buddha out of saw dust, a pagoda and also a pavilion with the life-size figure of their patron deity, Nan Wu Wu Ji Sheng Mu. While the temple at Lorong How Sun was basically a Chinese Mahayana Buddhist temple, its teachings was a fusion of the "san-jiao" (three religion) derived mainly from Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. The temple also had many unique Taoist deities like Nan Wu Wu Ji Sheng Mu and Pan Gu (盘古). Occupying an area of 1,840 square metres, the temple had approximately 4,000 regular worshippers and more than 300 registered members. Bodhi Tree The Bodhi tree at the Lorong How Sun Site was one of the twelve seeds that were brought by monks from Sri Lanka in the nineteenth century. It has an age of approximately 120 years (as of 2007), is over 30 metres tall and has a girth of 8.5 metres, which is considered to be the most ancient and largest Bodhi tree in Singapore according to verifications made by the Nature Society Singapore (NSS) and National Parks Board (Nparks) separately. Its roots are deeply embedded into the slope of the hill where the temple is located and even extended to the inner recesses of the temple premises; any land development at the tree's location has a high likelihood of causing soil movement and undue stress to the tree roots. Due to its ancient age and its symbiotic relationship with the temple, both the NSS and Nparks have recommended the Bodhi tree to be preserved as a 'Heritage Tree' after their findings. Trees that are classified as 'Heritage Tree' cannot be cut down and are protected with lightning conductors with money from the Heritage Trees Fund. A panel of officials and nature-loving volunteers decide if a tree should be placed on the register, based on its appearance, height and girth, as well as its social, historical and educational significance. Relocation On 20 January 2003, the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) issued a compulsory land acquisition order to acquire the plot of land belonging to the temple as part of URA's redevelopment plan for a nearby Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) construction of the Circle Line Project (Phase III). During this period, several community measures including blogs and online petitions were started to save the temple and the Bodhi tree; the temple remained active in contributing to the grassroots organisations in Braddell Heights with funds and manpower despite modest resources. A notable example was featured in The Straits Times that the temple regularly sponsors functions for its next door neighbour, the Ramakrishna Mission Home for orphans and wayward boys. To reciprocate their kindness, the home opened its gates for the devotees to take a short cut through its premises for those walking uphill to the temple. In January 2008, a legal suit, denoted Eng Foong Ho v. Attorney-General, was filed by three devotees to save the temple site from government acquisition, alleging that it was in violation of the Constitution. The case was dismissed by the High Court on 25 February 2008 on the grounds that "the devotees had no standing to make the application". The temple was given two months to relocate to a temporary site, and subsequently to a permanent home in Tai Seng Avenue. The temple's land is to be merged with state land next to it, for sale in the second half of 2008, while the Bodhi tree will be retained by imposing for its preservation as part of the tender conditions for the redevelopment of the site Modern Day As of today, Jing Long Si has relocated its premises on a plot of land at 32 Tai Seng Ave, Singapore. References Category:Buddhist temples in Singapore Category:Chinese-Singaporean culture	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mamore! Mamore!!!, styled as MAMORE!!! is the 17th single from Japanese idol group Idoling!!!. Mamore!!! reached number 2 on the Oricon weekly chart and number 3 on Music Station Power Ranking. Contents Mamore!!! was released in four types: Limited A-type (CD and DVD) Limited B-type (CD and Blu-ray) Limited C-type (CD and photobook) Normal Type (CD only) Track listing CD DVD Mamore!!! Music video Mamore!!! Dancing version Mamore!!! Dancing version featuring Rurika & Ai Making of Mamore!!! MV Blu-ray Mamore!!! Music video Mamore!!! Music video, close up version Mamore!!! Dancing version Mamore!!! Dancing Version featuring Rurika & Ai Making of Mamore!!! MV Martin Solveig & Dragonette featuring Idoling!!! Notes Mamore!!! used as Fuji TV Kiseki Taiken! Unbelievable ending theme song for January - March 2012. Sara Sara Kyuuti Ko used as TBS Hanamaru Market ending theme song for January - March 2012. Participating members on this song are Erica Tonooka, Rurika Yokoyama, Hitomi Sakai, Kaede Hashimoto, Ruka Kurata, Kaoru Gotou, and Chika Ojima. Bakkyun! only available on first press limited edition. Participating members are Suzuka Morita, Hitomi Miyake, and Yurika Tachibana. References External links Idoling!!! official site - Fuji TV Idoling!!! official site - Pony Canyon Kiseki Taiken! Unbelievable official site - Fuji TV Hanamaru Market official site - TBS Category:2012 singles Category:Idoling!!! songs Category:2012 songs Category:Pony Canyon singles	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carmen Beltrán Carmen Celia Beltrán (February 19, 1905 – May 26, 2002) was a Mexican American writer of poetry, plays, essays, and radio and religious dramas. Early life Beltrán was born in Durango, Mexico on February 19, one of seven children in her family. The Beltrán's were a family of musicians. Her mother, Guadalupe, played mandolin, all of her siblings played instruments, and her father a Major in the military band of Mexican President Porfirio Diaz. The dangers of the Mexican Revolution, combined with her father's political connections, forced the family to flee into the mountains of Durango. Beltrán would be hidden with Carmelite nuns until she was old enough to travel with the family to the United States. During the family's attempts to get to the United States, they were victims in the midst of a train heist, which left them stranded with no money or baggage in San Pedro de las Colonias. The family arrived in San Antonio, Texas after traveling for two years. Her father started a music studio and taught band classes, inspiring his daughter. Beltrán graduated from San Antonio High School in 1924 and began teaching Spanish and working for a Spanish language publishing firm. She wrote for Spanish-language journals in San Antonio and worked on radio. During this period she had a brief marriage and two daughters, Norma and Yolanda. At her death she had six grandchildren and many great grandchildren. Life in Tucson Between 1938 and 1942 Beltrán moved to Tucson, Arizona due to respiratory problems. She became active in the Mexican American community and started writing articles for the Spanish language newspaper El Tucsonense and producing a weekly radio program called "Theatre of the Air." The radio show, in Spanish, focused on religious themes that were approved by the local clergy and by Catholic Bishop Daniel J. Gercke. She also wrote plays which were performed on the radio and at Holy Family Church. Beltrán would go on to write for Arizona-based magazines, the English language Tucson Daily Reporter and columns for La Voz. She also worked professionally as a secretary in a law firm, an interpreter independently and for the Industrial Commission of Arizona. In 1952 Beltrán created the performance México Ayer Y Hoy, which reflected on the history of Aztec, colonial and independent Mexico. The drama opened on September 15 at Tucson High School and later in other venues. She wrote the script, directed the performances and designed the costumes which were made by local community members. For the play and her activities within the Mexican American community she was awarded the Humanitarian Award from the Mexican American Unity Council and the City of Tucson's Amistad Award for her work with local radio station KUAT. She was awarded a César Award and in 1992 the Arizona Historical Society founded the Carmen Celiá Beltrán Hispanic Theatre Archives. She died 26 May 2002 from breast cancer. Legacy In 2006 Beltrán was honored with a place in the University of Arizona's Women's Plaza of Honor. Notes References Category:1905 births Category:2002 deaths Category:César Award winners Category:Hispanic and Latino American women in the arts Category:Artists from Tucson, Arizona Category:Interpreters Category:Writers from Durango Category:People from Durango City Category:20th-century translators Category:20th-century American women writers Category:20th-century American writers Category:American writers of Mexican descent Category:20th-century Mexican writers Category:20th-century Mexican women writers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pam Nestor Pamela Agatha Nestor (born 28 April 1948) is a former singer, songwriter and actress who was active in the entertainment industry in the 1960s and 1970s. She left the music industry in 1979 and in later life took to academic pursuits, gaining a doctorate in 2009 from Birkbeck College, University of London. Early life Nestor was born in Berbice, Guyana, on 28 April 1948. While at school in Guyana, she began to write poetry and eventually won a poetry competition. She came to England in 1961 and at the age of 14 lived in Muswell Hill, London, with her mother and younger sister. She was described in 1977 by the music journalist Nick Kent as: "very, very pretty", with a "gorgeous ebony face … warm lively eyes and a contagious smile", and her personality as "effervescent [and] fizzing with drive"; and later, in 1990, by the author Sean Mayes as "pretty" and "petite" with an "infectious, bubbling personality" and "irrepressibly outspoken". She was a free spirit, in her own words: "crazy, tough, intense, idealistic". By the age of 16 she had fronted several semi-pro soul bands around London, and was a single mother with two children by the age of 19. Hair and partnership with Joan Armatrading In 1969 she successfully auditioned for the touring production of the musical Hair and was offered a part. She is said to have loved being in Hair, 'revelling in the ... hippy philosophy' and the experience informed her lyric writing. The singer and musician Joan Armatrading also obtained a part in the musical, and the two became friends. One day in their lodgings while on tour, Nestor showed her some of her poems and Armatrading set them to music, and so their writing partnership was born. They spent a year on the road writing songs together. They later recorded some demo tapes on a tape recorder in a bedroom, and Nestor took charge of trying to get the tapes accepted by a publishing company. Their original intention was to secure a contract as songwriters rather than performers. Nestor was reportedly a hustler – full of energy, making the connections, doing the talking and arranging meetings, until her efforts were rewarded when the tapes were eventually accepted by Essex Music. After this the duo were taken on by the Sherry Copeland talent agency, and signed with London's indie Cube label in 1972. Whatever's for Us Although Nestor and Armatrading were originally hoping to be songwriters, this was not what the production company behind Cube intended. The company was Tuesday Productions, owned by Gus Dudgeon, and Cube was their in-house label. Cube wanted to promote Armatrading as a performer and wanted, as it later turned out, to dispense with Pam Nestor. The songs for the debut album were the choice of Dudgeon and Mike Stone, an American promoter who was jointly managing the duo at the time. The sidelining of Nestor seems to have been a decision made by both of them, with Stone saying at the time he "also wasn't keen on this duo idea". The album was eventually titled Whatever's for Us and represented their first recorded work. It was produced by Dudgeon and recorded at Château d'Hérouville studios (then called Strawberry studios), in the Oise valley, near Paris, as well as two London-based studios - Trident Studios and Marquee Studios, and released in November 1972 by Cube Records (HIFLY 12). Tuesday Productions had wanted to call the album Joan Armatrading, but Nestor fought against that decision, saying it was "absolutely not right" to do so, given the work she had done over three years. The album consisted of fourteen songs, eleven of which were co-written by Nestor, and the duo had written over a hundred songs, with both Nestor and Armatrading taking turns to lead the singing and with Nestor also playing piano. The later publicity shots for the album were taken in and around Nestor's flat, which at that time was in St Luke's Road. in Notting Hill, one of which was used on the back cover. Tuesday Productions wanted to focus their efforts solely on Armatrading and decided they were going to market her as a solo artist, despite the collaboration with Nestor. From the many songs submitted for the album, only those featuring Armatrading singing were chosen, and Nestor later commented: "I got edged out that way." The album was released as a "Joan Armatrading" record, and the front cover credited it to her alone, factors that caused tension between the two writers, and these, together with the later promotional gigs organised by Sherry Copeland and Tuesday Productions/Cube that excluded Nestor entirely, contributed to the eventual breakup of the duo. These decisions were also responsible for causing a rift between Armatrading and Tuesday Productions/Cube Records, with Armatrading later devoting some time to extricating herself from the contract with them to sign with A&M Records. Some years later Armatrading sued Mike Stone, who subsequently returned to America, and although she did not use Dudgeon as a producer again, she later dedicated her 2003 album Lovers Speak to him and his wife Sheila after the pair were killed in a road accident in 2002. The record label seemed determined at the time to erase Nestor from the picture, despite the contributions, lyrically, musically and entrepreneurial, she had made not just to the debut album but to the development of Armatrading as an artist. They took out a full-page advert in New Musical Express in late 1972, using the photograph from the rear of the album Whatever's for Us, and completely airbrushed out the shot of Pam Nestor, thus misleadingly portraying the album as solely the work of Armatrading while another promotional advert placed in the music paper Sounds in December 1976 on the reissue of the album, omitted any mention of Nestor's contribution. According to the Mayes biography, it was Nestor who eventually walked away from the partnership, feeling that she "had had enough", but Armatrading tried to keep the friendship and partnership together. The breakup and the way she had been treated by music industry people had a marked effect on Nestor: she was later described as being "edgy", "jittery" and "suspicious". The experience seems to have hurt her and damaged her self-confidence. She commented: "I got really hysterical about it" and "I was disposable as far as they were concerned". The album drew critical acclaim but did not sell many copies – mainly because of poor promotion and distribution – selling "only about 2,000 copies", and despite all the praise it received in the music press, it was not a commercial success. However, it had been Nestor who, in the words of biographer Sean Mayes, "gave Joan the courage to do the impossible", and without her it is likely the album would not have been made. Contribution Nestor brought much more than just lyrics to the partnership with Joan Armatrading - she played piano and was the front woman of the duo at the time, making the arrangements, acting as the driving force for the partnership, hustling to get their songs accepted, looking out for Armatrading and protecting her, as music journalist Nick Kent says: "Armatrading felt protected against so much of the toil and hustle of London’s high-pressure pulse with Pam around, darting in and out making connections right, left and centre". Nestor was the catalyst that enabled Joan Armatrading's career to take off, as Kent said: "she’d do the rapping, the mixing while her quiet friend who spent so much time cloistered behind her piano or guitar, would hang back in the shadows, protected by the former’s feisty joie de vivre". She also wrote music for some of the songs that the two compiled: “Ms Nestor providing lyrics to Joan’s melodies and vice versa”, and "they wrote songs together, swapping lyrics and music". An example is the song “Dry Land”, from the album Back to the Night and released as a single. It was co-written by Nestor, who provided not just the lyrics but the original draft of the music as well, according to the producer of the album, Pete Gage: "As soon as I heard Pam Nestor play – there's one number, it was the blueprint for Dry Land, there’s no doubt about it, Joan had actually learnt bits and pieces of Pam’s piano playing". At the time, Armatrading was not confident in her own lyric writing and preferred Nestor's lyrics: "while Ms Armatrading, preferring the former’s lyrics to her own". It was suggested at the time in the music press that when Nestor co-wrote the duo's songs, it added a dimension to them. A contemporary review by Mark Plummer in Melody Maker comments that "it is when they are writing together that the songs work best". Nestor felt that her role in pushing Armatrading towards a career in music had been undervalued. Her own background in fronting bands for years and her forceful personality had enabled Armatrading to learn some of the ins and outs of the music industry as well as about lyric writing, and had also improved her self-confidence. The Mayes biography records that it was Nestor who pushed Armatrading into performing her first promotional gigs – those that followed the Whatever's for Us album, when Armatrading had not wanted to do so. She later commented: "No-one seems to think she could have been influenced by me – basically I’m in her shadow and I don’t like it at all." Songs The song "My Family" was covered by New York rock group and art/performance collective MEN in 2011. It was also used in a BBC Radio 4 drama in 2011 (see 'Most Recent', section below). “It Could Have Been Better" was used in the film Kill List in 2011. In February 2012, the song was also played as part of the Burberry Prorsum Women's Wear Autumn/Winter 2012 fashion show in London. "Visionary Mountains" was covered by Manfred Mann's Earth Band on the album Nightingales & Bombers in 1975. "Dry Land", a Nestor-Armatrading song from the album Back to the Night, was said to be the favourite song of the album's producer, Pete Gage, and was released as a single in 1976. "Come When You Need Me", another song from the album Back to the Night, was also co-written by Nestor. Several Nestor/Armatrading songs have appeared on compilations of Joan Armatrading's work, namely: "Dry Land", "Come When You Need Me", "My Family", "Alice", "It Could Have Been Better" and "Whatever's for Us". Later work Following the break-up with Joan Armatrading, Nestor went to East London, and in 1973 was involved with the Basement Film Project's making of Tunde's Film – described as "a gritty neo-realist drama", directed by Maggie Pinhorn and Tunde Ikoli and starring Tunde Ikoli, who went on to enjoy later success as a playwright. She supplied the lyrics to the song "Dinah's Café" and sang it in the film's title sequence. She appeared on an edition of BBC's Open Door in August 1973 to promote the film and was interviewed by Austin John Marshall of the New Musical Express. Marshall described Pam Nestor as "radiant", and her voice as "raw and true, vibrant with scary latent power." Tunde's Film still crops up in festivals and was shown in July 2012 as part of the East End Film Festival. It was also shown as part of the Cutting East Film Festival at the Genesis Cinema in Whitechapel in June 2013. The film is available at the Mediatheque archive at the BFI and is described as: “a rarely seen portrait of racial tension in London’s East End.” Cube released a second single by Armatrading and Nestor in late summer 1973, "Lonely Lady" and "Together in Words And Music". (Cube Records, 7" single, BUG-31). Both tracks were produced by Gus Dudgeon and were later added to the Whatever's For Us album as bonus tracks on the 2001 Metro remaster. Nestor is also thought to be co-writer of one or more of thirteen songs by the Neville Brothers, quoted as being written by: Timothy Garagan, Pam Nestor, Arthur Neville, Robert Quinn and Robert Richmond. ("Bad Scene", "Confraction", "Crazy Wandering Fool", "Don't Tell Lies", "Heartbreak Woman", "Hometown Girl", "I'm Left Alone", "Instrumental," "Love Needs A Keeper", "Out Of Your Life", "Piece Of Mind", "Shine Light Shine" and "Walk In The Sunshine".) After 1973 Nestor got herself an agent and applied herself to improving her piano playing. She set about trying to rebuild a singing and performing career, eventually putting together a band that was known as "The Pam Nestor Band" and reverted to her earlier attempts to launch a singing career, recording some material with Henry Spinetti, who had played on the Whatever's for Us album, and with Ken Cumberpatch producing. She also continued with some singing and performing engagements, for example, appearing with her band at the Nashville in Kensington, London, on 25 May 1978 supporting the Bowles Brothers, at the Acklam Hall, Notting Hill, on 27 November 1978 along with Liz Xtian and Clapperclaw, and at the Witcombe Lodge in Cheltenham on 25 August 1979, supported by Madness. In 1977, she was associated with the reggae band Merger, at the time fronted by the reggae artist Barry Ford. Merger recorded a reggae album entitled Exiles Ina Babylon on the Sun Star Label, which was released in 1977, and played the title track, "Exiles Ina Babylon" on an edition of The Old Grey Whistle Test in 1977, with Nestor appearing as a backing singer. She is credited on the album notes as providing backing vocals and percussion. Both Nestor and Ford left the band after this album. Exiles Ina Babylon was re-released as a CD in 2009 by Makasound, the independent French reggae label, with the album notes again crediting Pam Nestor. Also in 1979, Nestor released a single entitled "Hiding & Seeking (No More)" on the Tempus Records label (TEMD 21) with "Man on the Run" as its B-side. It was produced by Barry Ford and Dennis Bovell and was described by Colin Larkin as "an excellent one-off single". Nestor was credited as writing the lyrics and music for both of the songs. The single has acquired a following among devotees of the lovers rock subgenre of reggae. Little is known of Nestor from that date. Larkin notes that after the release of the single, she "seems not to have recorded since". She has kept a low profile and seems after 1979 to have left the music business entirely. Most recent In 2000, Nestor was one of an organising team for a three-day conference at Birkbeck College, University of London, entitled The Black Gaze. In 2009 she published a PhD thesis at Birkbeck College, with her thesis title being: "Literature, madness and race: perceptions and experiences of madness in black literature". In July 2011, Pam Nestor made a guest appearance at Queen's College, an independent school in Harley Street, London. She was invited to take part in singing for a BBC Radio 4 drama about the suffragettes, broadcast in autumn 2012. She took part in singing "My Family", a song to which she wrote the lyrics, and which headlined the Whatever's for Us album. References Sources Sleeve notes: Whatever’s For Us (1972) Cube Records, HIFLY12. Kent, Nick (29 January 1977) "If Only They Knew She Had The Power", New Musical Express, pp. 21–23; IPC Magazines Ltd, London. Hardy, Phil; Laing, Dave; Barnard, Stephen & Perretta, Don (1988), Encyclopedia of Rock, Schirmer. Larkin, Colin (Ed), (1998). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Reggae, Virgin. . Larkin, Colin (Ed), (2006) The Encyclopedia of Popular Music, OUP. O'Brien, Lucy (1995): She-Bop, The Definitive History of Women in Pop, Rock and Soul. Plummer, Mark (1972): Melody Maker, 25 November 1972, IPC Specialist & Professional Press Ltd, London. External links http://www.connollyco.com/discography/joan_armatrading/whatevers.html Category:1948 births Category:Living people Category:Guyanese emigrants to England Category:People from Muswell Hill Category:Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London Category:English female singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:Chrysalis Records artists Category:English pianists Category:English women pianists Category:21st-century pianists Category:21st-century English women musicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kim Williams (writer) Kim Williams (September 23, 1923August 6, 1986) was an American naturalist, writer, and the longest-ever running guest commenter on NPR where she was a guest commentator on the radio show All Things Considered for over ten years. Biography Kim Williams was born on September 23, 1923 as Elizabeth Ardea Kandiko, the fourth of seven children of Hungarian immigrants. She grew up on a farm in the Gallatin Township in New York and attended and graduated from Hudson High School and subsequently Cornell University where she graduated with a degree in human ecology with a minor in botany. After graduation she took jobs at various publications such as the Los Angeles Examiner and Flower Grower magazine, and she started writing poetry and short prose based on personal experience. In 1951, she met and married Mel Williams and moved to Santiago, Chile for twenty years. In Chile, Williams wrote poems, plays, short stories, a newspaper column, and taught English at the Catholic University of Chile. While in Chile she also and wrote and published her first two books, High Heels in the Andes and Wild Animals of Chile. In 1971, she and her husband returned to the United States, settling in Missoula, Montana, where she lived the rest of her life. She returned to college and received a master's degree in Interdisciplinary Studies from the University of Montana in 1981. Also while living in Missoula she published her final two books, Eating Wild Plants and Kim Williams' Book of Uncommon Sense: A Practical Guide With 10 Rules for Nearly Everything. In addition, she occasionally taught classes on edible wild plants at the University of Montana and wrote a newspaper column on wildflowers and plants for the Missoulian which would lead to her getting a radio show on Montana Public Radio, and subsequently a radio show on NPR where she had as many 2.5 million listeners. Williams was elected in 1974 to serve on the City Government Study Commission in Missoula, and she also ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Montana House of Representatives in 1978. In 1986 Williams announced on the radio program All Things Considered three weeks before her death that she had terminal cancer and was refusing chemotherapy. On July 16, 1986, during her last radio broadcast, she said to All Things Considered co-host Susan Stamberg "I wish to die in peace, not in pieces." Her death was mourned and recognized throughout the United States, with commentaries in The New York Times, and The New Yorker. A trail along the Clark Fork River in Missoula was named in her memory in 1987, and the Kim Williams Graduate Fellowship was founded for journalism students at the University of Montana. References Category:1923 births Category:1986 deaths Category:American radio journalists Category:American reporters and correspondents Category:NPR personalities Category:People from Columbia County, New York Category:Journalists from New York (state)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Golden Star Ferries Golden Star Ferries is a Greek ferry company operating from the Greek mainland to the Cyclades islands in the Aegean Sea. Golden Star Ferries was founded in 2011 by Andriot brothers Giorgos and Dimitris Stephanou, who also own the Bright Navigation shipping freight company. Fleet Golden Star Ferries currently operates a fleet of six ships, four of which are high-speed craft. Routes Rafina - Cyclades - Crete: Rafina-Andros-Tinos-Mykonos-Paros-Ios-Santorini-Heraklion (Superferry and Superferry II) Rafina-Tinos-Mykonos-Paros-Naxos-Ios-Santorini (Superrunner) Rafina-Syros-Mykonos-Paros-Naxos-Koufonisi-Amorgos (Superspeed) Piraeus - Cyclades - Rafina: Piraeus-Paros-Naxos-Mykonos-Tinos-Andros-Rafina (Superexpress) Piraeus - Cyclades: Piraeus-Milos-Folegandros-Santorini-Ios-Naxos-Mykonos (Supercat) References Category:Ferry companies of Greece Category:Companies based in the South Aegean Category:Transport companies established in 2011	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jejuy River The Jejuy River (), a tributary of Paraguay River, is a river in Paraguay. Located in the northweastern part of that country, it flows eastwards discharging to Paraguay River north of Asunción. Aracaré was said to be from the Jejuy River. See also List of rivers of Paraguay References Category:Rivers of Paraguay Category:Tributaries of the Paraguay River	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Battle of Alba de Tormes In the Battle of Alba de Tormes on 26 November 1809, an Imperial French corps commanded by François Étienne de Kellermann attacked a Spanish army led by Diego de Cañas y Portocarrero, Duke del Parque. Finding the Spanish army in the midst of crossing the Tormes River, Kellermann did not wait for his infantry under Jean Gabriel Marchand to arrive, but led the French cavalry in a series of charges that routed the Spanish units on the near bank with heavy losses. Del Parque's army was forced to take refuge in the mountains that winter. Alba de Tormes is southeast of Salamanca, Spain. The action occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The Spanish Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom planned to launch a two-pronged attack on Madrid in the fall of 1809. In the west, Del Parque's Army of the Left enjoyed some success against Marchand's weak VI Corps. When the Spanish general learned that the other offensive prong had been crushed at Ocaña, he turned around and began retreating rapidly to the south. At the same time, Marchand was reinforced by a dragoon division under Kellermann. Taking command, Kellermann raced in pursuit of the Army of the Left, catching up with it at Alba de Tormes. Not waiting for their own foot soldiers, the French dragoons and light cavalry fell upon the Spanish infantry and defeated it. Marchand's infantry arrived in time to mop up, but the cavalry had done most of the fighting. Del Parque's men retreated into the mountains where they spent a miserable few months. Background By the summer of 1809, the Spanish Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom was coming under harsh criticism over its handling of the war effort. The Spanish people demanded that the ancient Cortes be summoned and the Junta reluctantly agreed. But it was difficult to restore the old assembly and bring it into session. Ultimately, the Cádiz Cortes would be set up, but until that day arrived the Junta exercised power. Anxious to justify its continued existence, the Junta came up with what it hoped would be a war-winning strategy. Undeterred by the fact that Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington refused to contribute any British soldiers, the Junta planned to launch a two-pronged offensive aimed at recapturing Madrid. They replaced Pedro Caro, 3rd Marquis of la Romana with Diego de Cañas y Portocarrero, Duke del Parque as commander of the troops in Galicia and Asturias. Del Parque soon massed 30,000 troops at Ciudad Rodrigo with more on the way. South of Madrid, Juan Carlos de Aréizaga assembled over 50,000 well-equipped men in the Army of La Mancha. The main efforts of Del Parque and Aréizaga would be aided by a third force that operated near Talavera de la Reina under José Miguel de la Cueva y de la Cerda, Duke of Albuquerque. The 10,000-man Talavera force was designed to hold some French units in place while the main armies thrust at Madrid. In the fall of 1809, Del Parque's Army of the Left numbered 52,192 men in one cavalry and six infantry divisions. Martin de la Carrera's Vanguard Division counted 7,413 soldiers, Francisco Xavier Losada's 1st Division had 8,336 troops, Conde de Belveder's 2nd Division was made up of 6,759 men, Francisco Ballesteros's 3rd Division numbered 9,991 soldiers, Nicolás de Mahy's 4th Division comprised 7,100 troops, and Conde de Castrofuerte's 5th Division counted 6,157 men. All infantry divisions included 14 battalions except the 3rd with 15 and the 5th with seven. The Prince of Anglona's Cavalry Division included 1,682 horsemen in six regiments. Ciudad Rodrigo was provided with a garrison of 3,817 troops and there was an unattached 937-man battalion. With Marshal Michel Ney on leave, Jean Gabriel Marchand assumed command of the VI Corps, based at Salamanca. The corps had been forced to quit Galicia earlier in 1809 and had been involved in the operations in the aftermath of the Battle of Talavera in July. After hard campaigning and a lack of reinforcements, VI Corps was not in a good condition to fight. Furthermore, Marchand's talents were not equal to those of his absent chief. Del Parque advanced from Ciudad Rodrigo in late September with the divisions of La Carrera, Losada, Belveder, and Anglona. Filled with scorn for his Spanish adversaries, an overconfident Marchand advanced on the village of Tamames, southwest of Salamanca. In the Battle of Tamames on 18 October 1809, the French suffered an embarrassing defeat. The French lost 1,400 killed and wounded out of 14,000 soldiers and 14 guns. Spanish casualties were only 700 out of 21,500 men and 18 cannons. After the battle, Del Parque was joined by Ballesteros' division, giving him 30,000 troops. As the Spanish advanced, Marchand abandoned Salamanca and Del Parque's men occupied the city on 25 October. Marchand retreated north to the town of Toro on the Duero River. Here he was joined by François Étienne de Kellermann with 1,500 infantry in three battalions and a 3,000-trooper dragoon division. Kellermann took command of the French force and marched upstream, crossing to the south bank at Tordesillas. Reinforced by General of Brigade Nicolas Godinot's force, Kellermann challenged Del Parque by marching directly on Salamanca. The Spaniard backpedaled, giving up Salamanca and retreating to the south. In the meantime, the guerillas in Province of León became very active. Kellermann left the VI Corps holding Salamanca and raced back to León to stamp out the uprising. Albuquerque managed to pin down some French troops near Talavera as planned, but when he found out that Aréizaga's army had been cut to pieces at the Battle of Ocaña on 19 November, he wisely withdrew out of reach of the French. Meanwhile, Del Parque heard of the march of Godinot's and General of Brigade Pierre-Louis Binet de Marcognet's brigades toward Madrid. Though he had been instructed to join Albuquerque, he instead moved on Salamanca again, hustling one of the VI Corps brigades out of Alba de Tormes. Del Parque occupied Salamanca on 20 November. The French general withdrew behind the Duero and again rendezvoused with Kellermann. Hoping to get between Kellermann and Madrid, Del Parque thrust toward Medina del Campo. On 23 November at that town, Marcognet's brigade returned from Segovia while General of Brigade Mathieu Delabassée's brigade arrived from Tordesillas. At this moment, Del Parque's columns hove into view and there was a skirmish at El Carpio. The French horsemen initially drove back the Spanish cavalry but were repulsed by Ballesteros' steady foot soldiers fighting in squares. This event prompted Marcognet and Delabassée to retreat. On 24 November, Kellermann massed 16,000 French troops on the Duero near Valdestillas. Badly outnumbered, the French prepared to defend themselves. But on this day the Army of the Left received news of the Ocaña disaster. Understanding that this dire event meant that the French could spare plenty of soldiers to track down his army, Del Parque bolted to the south, intending to shelter in the mountains of central Spain. On 25 November, Del Parque slipped away so suddenly that Kellermann did not even begin his pursuit until the next day. For two days, the French were unable to catch up with their adversaries. But on the afternoon of 28 November, their light cavalry found the Army of the Left camped at Alba de Tormes. Battle Believing that he was out of Kellermann's reach, Del Parque grew careless. He allowed his army to camp in a bad position astride the Tormes River. The divisions of Ballesteros and Castrofuerte bivouacked on the east bank while the divisions of Anglona, La Carrera, Losada, and Belveder were in the town and on the west bank. Since the cavalry pickets were posted too close the camp, they did not give adequate warning of the arrival of the French. Riding with his light cavalry advance guard, Kellermann determined to attack at once. He feared that if he waited for Marchand's infantry, the Spanish would have time to establish a defensive line behind the Tormes. The decision meant that unsupported French cavalry would be attacking a much larger force of Spanish cavalry, infantry, and artillery. The reinforced VI Corps included Marchand's 1st Division, General of Division Maurice Mathieu's 2nd Division, General of Brigade Jean Baptiste Lorcet's light cavalry brigade, and Kellermann's dragoon division. The 1st Division included three battalions each of 6th Light Infantry Regiment, and the 39th, 69th and 76th Line Infantry Regiments. The 2nd Division counted three battalions each of 25th Light, 27th Line, and 59th Line, plus one battalion of the 50th Line. Lorcet's corps cavalry comprised four squadrons each of the 3rd Hussar and 15th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiments. The dragoon division was made up of the 3rd, 6th, 10th, 11th, 15th, and 25th Dragoon Regiments. Kellerman had no more than 3,000 cavalry and 12 guns immediately available. La Carrera's division consisted of three battalions each of the Principe and Zaragosa Line Infantry Regiments, one battalion each of the Barbastro, 1st Catalonia, 2nd Catalonia, and Gerona Light Infantry Regiments, one battalion each of the Vitoria, Escolares de Leon, Monforte de Lemos, and Muerte Volunteer Regiments, and one foot artillery battery. Losada's division included two battalions each of the Leon and Voluntarios de Corona Line Infantry and Galicia Provincial Grenadier Militia, one battalion each of the 1st Aragon and 2nd Aragon Light Infantry, two battalions of the Betanzos Volunteer Regiment, one battalion each of the Del General, 1st La Union, 2nd La Union, and Orense Volunteer Regiments, one company of National Guards, and one foot artillery battery. Belveder's division comprised the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Rey, Seville, Toledo, and Zamora Line Infantry, two battalions each of the foreign Hibernia Line and Lovera Volunteer Regiments, one battalion each of the Voluntaros de Navarre Light Infantry, and Santiago Volunteer Regiments, and one foot artillery battery. Anglona's division had the regular 2nd Reyna (Cavalry or Dragoon), 5th Borbon Cavalry, 6th Sagunto Dragoon, and Provisional Regiments, the volunteer Llerena Horse Grenadiers and Ciudad Rodrigo Cazadores, and one horse artillery battery. Ballesteros' division consisted of three battalions of the Navarra Line Infantry and two battalions of the Princesa Line Infantry Regiments, one battalion each of the Oviedo Militia and the Candas y Luanco, Cangas de Tineo, Castropol, Covadonga, Grado, Infiesto, Lena, Pravia, and Villaviciosa Volunteer Regiments, and one foot artillery battery. Castrofuertes' division was made up of one battalion each of the Tiradores de Ciudad Rodrigo, 2nd Ciudad Rodrigo, and Ferdinand VII Volunteer Regiments, and Leon, Lagroño, Toro, and Valladolid Militia, and one artillery battery. One battalion formed Del Parque's headquarters guard. Mahy's 4th Division was detached from the army at the time of the battle. The Spanish divisions on the east bank hastily formed front against the French, with La Carrera's division holding the left flank, Belveder's the center, and Losada's the right flank. The 1,200 sabers belonging to the Prince of Anglona covered the entire front. To face the threat, Del Parque put as few as 18,000 men or as many as 21,300 infantry, 1,500 cavalry and 18 artillery pieces in line. Kellermann quickly formed his eight regiments in four lines, with Lorcet's two light cavalry regiments in the first line and the six dragoon regiments in the three supporting lines. Storming forward, the 3,000 horsemen burst through Anglona's cavalry and crashed into the Spanish right-center. The attack broke up all of Losada's and part of Belveder's formations. About 2,000 Spaniards threw down their muskets and surrendered, the rest fled across the bridge. The French also seized a battery of artillery. Del Parque was unable to bring up his other two divisions because the span was packed with panicked soldiers. Instead, he deployed them along the river to cover the retreat of the others. During the crisis, the men in La Carrera's and part of Belveder's divisions were able to form into brigade squares. Kellermann organized a second attack against the unbroken squares but the Spanish soldiers held steady and repelled the French cavalry. Since his infantry were still far in the rear, Kellermann tried to fix the enemy squares in place by launching partial charges. For two and a half hours, this tactic succeeded in pinning down the Spanish soldiers on the west bank. Marchand's infantry and artillery finally appeared on the horizon. Realizing that his men would be annihilated by a combined arms attack, La Carrera ordered an immediate retreat. The French cavalry rushed forward and inflicted further losses, but most of the Spanish troops got away over the bridge in the fading light. Marchand's leading brigade cleared some of Losada's rallied men out of the town of Alba and captured two more artillery pieces. Results Del Parque ordered his army to retreat under cover of darkness. During the operation, a group of panicky horsemen caused a stampede in the marching columns and the three divisions that fought were badly scattered while other soldiers deserted. The Spanish suffered 3,000 killed, wounded, and captured, plus nine cannon, five colors, and most of their baggage train. The French suffered between 300 and 600 killed or wounded in the action, including General of Brigade Jean-Auguste Carrié de Boissy wounded. Del Parque established his winter headquarters at San Martín de Trevejo in the Sierra de Gata and began reassembling his troops. He had led 32,000 men at Alba de Tormes, but a month later could only gather 26,000 soldiers. This suggests that 3,000 men deserted the colors after the battle. Worse was to follow. In the desolate district where the army was quartered, the starving troops were sometimes forced to subsist on acorns. By mid-January, 9,000 died or were rendered unfit by hunger and illness. The Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington wrote in disgust, The repercussions of the Ocaña and Alba de Tormes defeats were disastrous for the Spanish cause. With the Spanish armies severely weakened, Andalusia was exposed to French invasion. Wellington, who as late as 14 November was optimistic, now became anxious that the French might invade Portugal. References External links Battle of Alba de Tormes Footnotes Category:Battles of the Peninsular War Category:Battles of the Napoleonic Wars Category:Battles involving France Category:Battles involving Spain Category:Battles in Castile and León Category:1809 in Spain Category:November 1809 events	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ruth Clark (pollster) Ruth Clark (1917 – February 20, 1997) was an American pollster and researcher. Her 1979 report The Changing Needs of Changing Readers was influential on the renewal of American newspapers, leading to a greater focus on service journalism and local news. Biography Ruth Clark was born Ruth Fine in 1917 in New York City. She graduated from Hunter College in 1936. A Communist in her youth, she moved to Moscow in 1950 with her husband Joseph Clark, foreign editor for the Daily Worker; they became disillusioned with the Soviet regime and returned to the United States in 1953. Clark worked as a door-to-door interviewer for marketing campaigns during the 1950s. In 1960 she was hired by Louis Harris' firm, working for John F. Kennedy campaign. Clark was credited to introducing exit polls in American election surveys. She became vice-president of Louis Harris and Associates in the 1960s, moving to Yankelovich, Skelly & White around 1970. The Changing Needs of Changing Readers survey In 1979, the American Society of Newspaper Editors, concerned about the declining readership of newspapers, commissioned a study for analysing that situation. Clark, vice-president at Yankelovich, Skelly & White, conducted a survey with 120 readers in a dozen focal groups; the readers said they felt alienated by the newspapers' focus on hard national, political news, they wanted more palatable local news stories and everyday tips. Clark's findings were published in the report The Changing Needs of Changing Readers. The report influenced newspapers in the United States and around the world; its findings translated into innovations in news coverage, like the increased focus on local stories, "news you can use" and the modular layout of pages, which were adopted by several outlets, especially USA Today. In 1983, Clark left Yankelovich, Skelly and White to found her own firm, Clark, Martire & Bartolomeo. They conducted surveys for newspapers such as The New York Times, The New York Daily News and The Chicago Tribune. Clark died in February 20, 1997 of lung cancer. Personal life Ruth Clark was married to Joseph Clark (d. 1988). She had two children: radical activist Judith Clark (born 1949), and Andrew. References Category:1917 births Category:1997 deaths Category:Hunter College alumni Category:Pollsters Category:Scientists from New York City Category:Women statisticians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Joe DeForest Joseph John DeForest (born April 17, 1965) is an American football coach and former player. He is the safeties coach at the North Carolina State University (NC State). DeForest played college football at the University of Southwestern Louisiana—now known as University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He played briefly as a professionally, appearing in the three game for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL) in 1987. Early life and playing career DeForest was born in Teaneck, New Jersey, and grew up in Titusville, Florida. College DeForest is a 1987 graduate of University of Southwest Louisiana with a bachelor's degree in marketing. He was a four-year starter and was twice named to the all-Southern and all-Louisiana independent teams. He also was a two-year letterman as a pitcher on the Ragin' Cajuns baseball squad. He received the inaugural President’s Cup, signifying the University’s top male athlete. Professional In 1987, DeForest was signed as a free agent but then released in the preseason by the Houston Oilers and then signed and quickly released by the New Orleans Saints. He finished his playing career with a brief appearance during the preseason for the Calgary Stampeders (CFL) before being cut in 1988. Coaching career DeForest served as an assistant coach at Duke (1994-2001) as linebackers coach and special teams coordinator. He was hired by Les Miles in 2001 at Oklahoma State University as the Special Teams Coordinator and secondary coach. He remained at Oklahoma State until 2012 and served as the Associate Head Coach, Special teams Coordinator, and safeties coach. Under his tutelage, he coached Matt Fodge, a Ray Guy Award winner and Dan Bailey, a Lou Groza Award winner. He also coached and recruited several NFL players including Darrent Williams (Denver Broncos), Jacob Lacey (Indianapolis Colts), Markelle Martin (Tennessee Titans), Dan Bailey (Dallas Cowboys), Ryan Fowler (Tennessee Titans), Patrick Mannelly (Chicago Bears) and Russell Okung, (Seattle Seahawks). 2012, In 2012, he was hired by Dana Holgorsen to serve as the defensive coordinator for the West Virginia University Mountaineers. He was reassigned to an associate head coach position and special teams coordinator following the 2012 season. DeForest's contract with WVU was not renewed in January 2016. On Friday, February 26, 2016, DeForest was hired as the new special teams coach at the University of Kansas. In January 2018, Kansas announced that DeForest was not being retained. In March 2018, USC Head Coach Clay Helton hired DeForest as a Defensive Quality Control Assistant. Both Helton and DeForest had previously served as assistant coaches together at Duke. References External links USC profile Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:American football linebackers Category:American players of Canadian football Category:Baseball pitchers Category:Calgary Stampeders players Category:Duke Blue Devils football coaches Category:Houston Oilers players Category:Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns baseball players Category:Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football players Category:Kansas Jayhawks football coaches Category:Oklahoma State Cowboys football coaches Category:New Orleans Saints players Category:Rice Owls football coaches Category:USC Trojans football coaches Category:West Virginia Mountaineers football coaches Category:High school football coaches in Florida Category:People from Teaneck, New Jersey Category:People from Titusville, Florida Category:Players of American football from Florida Category:Baseball players from Florida	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cycling at the 2018 Mediterranean Games – Men's road time trial The men's individual time trial was one of 4 cycling events of the 2018 Mediterranean Games. The event started and finished on 30 June at the Vila-seca Urban Circuit. Results References Men's road time trial Category:2018 in men's road cycling	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Imma eriospila Imma eriospila is a moth in the family Immidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found in Pará, Brazil. The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are dark grey, irregularly suffused dark fuscous, with some scattered whitish scales in the disc and a fine pale yellowish subcostal line from near the base to one-fourth, as well as some whitish irroration (sprinkling) beneath the base of the costa. There are three small cloudy whitish spots from beneath one-fifth of the costa to above one-fourth of the dorsum and there is a small white subcostal spot before the middle. The discal mark is obscurely darker, the lower extremity preceded and followed by short fine dashes of white irroration. The extreme costal edge is white about two-thirds. Beneath this is a curved transverse series consisting of four small cloudy whitish spots on the costal area, one retracted in the middle, and two larger whitish spots below the middle. Two cloudy whitish dots are found towards the costa near the apex and three less distinct before the lower portion of the termen. There are some scattered pale ochreous scales in the disc posteriorly and a terminal series of cloudy blackish dots. The hindwings are dark grey with a blotch of whitish-grey suffusion in the disc beyond the cell. References Category:Moths described in 1922 Category:Immidae Category:Moths of Brazil	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cl-4AS-1 Cl-4AS-1 is a dual anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and 5α-reductase inhibitor. It is a potent and selective full agonist of the androgen receptor (IC50 = 12 nM) and inhibitor of 5α-reductase types I and II (IC50 = 6 and 10 nM, respectively). Structurally, Cl-4AS-1 is a 4-azasteroid. See also TFM-4AS-1 References External links Cl-4AS-1 - Tocris Bioscience Cl-4AS-1 - Santa Cruz Biotechnology Category:5α-Reductase inhibitors Category:Androgens and anabolic steroids Category:Androstanes Category:Carboxamides Category:Chloroarenes Category:Lactams	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of colonial governors in 1970 Australia Norfolk Island Administrator – Robert Nixon Dalkin, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1968–1972) Head of Government – William M. Randall, President of the Island Council of Norfolk Island (1967–1974) Papua and New Guinea High Commissioner – David Hay, High Commissioner in Papua and New Guinea (1966–1970) Leslie Wilson Johnson, High Commissioner in Papua and New Guinea (1970–1974) Denmark Faroe Islands High Commissioner – Mogens Wahl, High Commissioner in the Faroe Islands (1961–1972) Prime Minister – Kristian Djurhuus, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (1968–1970) Atli Dam, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (1970–1981) France Comoros High Commissioner – Jacques Mouradian, High Commissioner in the Comoros (1969–1975) President of the Government Council – Said Mohamed Cheikh, President of the Government Council of the Comoros (1962–1970) Said Ibrahim Ben Ali, President of the Government Council of the Comoros (1970–1972) French Polynesia Governor – Pierre Louis Angeli, Governor of French Polynesia (1969–1973) French Territory of the Afars and the Issas High Commissioner – Dominique Ponchardier, High Commissioner in the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (1969–1971) President of the Government Council – Ali Aref Bourhan, President of the Government Council of the French Territory of the Afars and Issas (1967–1976) Saint Pierre and Miquelon Prefect – Jean-Jacques Buggia, Governor of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1967–1971) President of the General Council – Albert Pen, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1968–1984) Wallis and Futuna Administrator-Superior – Jacques Bach, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1968–1971) President of the Territorial Assembly – Sosefo Papillo, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1967–1972) France and United Kingdom New Hebrides British Resident Commissioner – Colin Allan (1966–1973) French Resident Commissioner – Robert Jules Amédée Langlois (1969–1974) New Zealand Cook Islands High Commissioner – Leslie James Davis, High Commissioner in the Cook Islands (1965–1972) Prime Minister – Albert Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1965–1978) Niue Commissioner – Selwyn Digby Wilson, Resident Commissioner in Niue (1968–197?) Tokelau Administrator – Richard Basil Taylor, Administrator of Tokelau (1968–1971) Portugal Angola High Commissioner and Governor-General – Camilo Augusto de Miranda Rebocho Vaz, High Commissioner and Governor–General of Angola (1966–1972) Cape Verde Islands Governor – Antonio Lopes dos Santos, Governor of the Cape Verde Islands (1969–1974) Macau Governor – José Manuel de Sousa e Faro Nobre de Carvalho, Governor of Macau (1966–1974) Mozambique High Commissioner and Governor-General – Baltazar Rebelo de Sousa, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1968–1970) Eduardo Arantes e Oliveira, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1970–1972) Portuguese Guinea – António de Spínola, Governor of Portuguese Guinea (1968–1973) Portuguese Timor Governor – José Nogueira Valente Pires, Governor of Portuguese Timor (1968–1972) Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe High Commissioner – António Jorge da Silva Sebastião, High Commissioner of São Tomé and Príncipe (1963–1972) South Africa South West Africa Administrator – Johannes Gert Hendrik van der Wath, Administrator of South West Africa (1968–1971) Spain Spanish Sahara Governor-General – José María Pérez de Lema y Tejero, Governor-General of Spanish Sahara (1967–1971) United Kingdom Antigua Governor – Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor of Antigua (1967–1993) Premier – Vere Bird, Premier of Antigua (1960–1971) Bahama Islands Governor – Francis Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce, Baron Thurlow, Governor of the Bahama Islands (1968–1972) Prime Minister – Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahama Islands (1967–1992) Bahrain Chief Political Resident – Sir Stewart Crawford, Chief political resident of the Persian Gulf (1966–1970) Sir Geoffrey Arthur, Chief political resident of the Persian Gulf (1970–1971) Political agent – Alexander John Stirling, British political agent in Bahrain (1969–1971) Monarch – Sheikh Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, Hakim of Bahrain (1961–1999) Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, President of the State Council of Bahrain (1970–present) Bermuda Governor – Roland Robinson, Baron Martonmere, Governor of Bermuda (1964–1972) Premier – Sir Henry Tucker, Premier of Bermuda (1968–1971) British Honduras Governor – Sir John Warburton Paul, Governor of British Honduras (1966–1972) Premier – George Cadle Price, Premier of British Honduras (1961–1984) British Solomon Islands Protectorate Governor – Sir Michael David Irving Gass, Governor of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate (1969–1973) British Virgin Islands Governor – John Sutherland Thomson, Administrator of the British Virgin Islands (1967–1971) Chief Minister – Lavity Stoutt, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1967–1971) Brunei High Commissioner – Arthur Robin Adair, British High Commissioner in Brunei (1968–1972) Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) Chief Minister – Dato Pengiran Muhammad Yusuf bin Abdul Rahim, Chief Minister of Brunei (1967–1972) Cayman Islands Governor – Athelstan Charles Ethelwold Long, Administrator of the Cayman Islands (1968–1971) Falkland Islands Governor – Sir Cosmo Dugal Patrick Thomas Haskard, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1964–1970) Gibraltar Governor – Sir Varyl Begg, Governor of Gibraltar (1969–1973) Chief Minister – Robert Peliza, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1969–1972) Gilbert and Ellice Islands Resident Commissioner – Valdemar Jens Andersen, Resident Commissioner of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1962–1970) Sir John Osbaldiston Field, Resident Commissioner of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1970–1973) Grenada Governor – Dame Hilda Bynoe, Governor of Grenada (1968–1974) Prime Minister – Eric Gairy, Prime Minister of Grenada (1967–1979) Guernsey Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Charles Piercy Mills, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1969–1974) Bailiff – Sir William Arnold, Bailiff of Guernsey (1959–1973) Hong Kong Governor – Sir David Clive Crosbie Trench, Governor of Hong Kong (1964–1971) Isle of Man Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Peter Hyla Gawne Stallard, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1966–1974) Head of Government – Norman Crowe, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1967–1971) Jersey Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Gilbert Davis, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1969–1974) Bailiff – Sir Robert Hugh Le Masurier, Bailiff of Jersey (1962–1974) Montserrat Governor – Dennis Raleigh Gibbs, Administrator of Montserrat (1964–1971) Chief Minister – William Henry Bramble, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1960–1970) Percival Austin Bramble, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1970–1978) Pitcairn Islands Governor – Sir Arthur Norman Galsworthy, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1969–1973) Qatar Political agent – Edward Henderson, British political agent (1969–1971) Monarch – Sheikh Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani, Hakim of Qatar (1960–1972) Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995) Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Governor – Milton Allan, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1969–1975) Premier – Robert Bradshaw, Premier of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1966–1978) Saint Helena and Dependencies Governor – Sir Dermod Murphy, Governor of Saint Helena (1968–1971) Saint Lucia Governor – Sir Frederick Clarke, Governor of Saint Lucia (1967–1971) Premier – John Compton, Premier of Saint Lucia (1964–1979) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Governor – Hywel George, Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1967–1970) Sir Rupert John, Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1970–1976) Premier – Milton Cato, Premier of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1967–1972) Seychelles Governor – Sir Bruce Greatbatch, Governor of the Seychelles (1969–1973) Chief Minister – James Mancham, Chief Minister of the Seychelles (1970–1976) Tonga Consul – Archibald Cameron Reid, British Consul in Tonga (1965–1970) Monarch – Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006) Prime Minister – Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991) Trucial States Political agent – Julian Bullard, British political agent (1968–1970) Turks and Caicos Islands Governor – Robert Everard Wainwright, Administrator of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1967–1971) United States American Samoa Governor – John Morse Haydon, Governor of American Samoa (1969–1974) Guam Governor – Carlos Camacho, Governor of Guam (1969–1975) Puerto Rico Governor – Luis A. Ferré, Governor of Puerto Rico (1969–1973) Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands High Commissioner – Edward Elliott Johnston, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1969–1976) United States Virgin Islands Governor – Melvin H. Evans, Governor of US Virgin Islands (1969–1975) References Colonial governors Colonial governors 1970	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Peramivir Peramivir (trade name Rapivab) is an antiviral drug developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of influenza. Peramivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor, acting as a transition-state analogue inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase and thereby preventing new viruses from emerging from infected cells. It is approved for intravenous administration. In October 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for the use of peramivir based on safety data from phase I, phase II, and limited phase III trial data. The emergency use authorization for peramivir expired in June 2010. On 19 December 2014, the FDA approved peramivir to treat influenza infection in adults. Peramivir has also been approved in Japan and South Korea and is available in Japan as Rapiacta and in South Korea as Peramiflu. , it is the only intravenous option for treating swine flu. History An intramuscular (IM) peramivir phase II study for seasonal influenza in 2008–2009 found no effect for the primary endpoint of improvement in the median time to alleviation of symptoms in subjects with confirmed, acute, uncomplicated influenza infection versus placebo. In October 2009, it was reported that the experimental antiviral drug peramivir had been "life-saving" effective in intravenous treating 8 serious cases of swine flu. On October 23, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an Emergency Use Authorization for peramivir, allowing the use of the drug in intravenous form for hospitalized patients only in cases where the other available methods of treatment are ineffective or unavailable; for instance, if oseltamivir resistance develops and a person is unable to take zanamivir via the inhaled route. The U.S. government (department of Health and Human Services) gave BioCryst Pharmaceuticals more than $77 million to finish the Phase III clinical development of peramivir. In 2009 the department of Health and Human Services had already given about $180 million to the program. Biocryst also donated 1200 courses of treatment to the US department of Health and Human Services. The Emergency Use Authorization expired on June 23, 2010. In 2011 a phase III trial found the median durations of influenza symptoms were the same with 1 intravenous injection of peramivir against 5 days of oral oseltamivir for people with seasonal influenza virus infection. In 2012 BioCryst reported that it should halt enrollment on its study for intravenous peramivir in potentially life-threatened people after an interim analysis led trial monitors to conclude that it would be futile to continue and the trial should be terminated. The difference between peramivir and control group (oral oseltamivir) for the primary endpoint, clinical or virologic, was small. In 2013 the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA/HHS) released new funding under the current $234.8 million contract to enable completion of a New Drug Application filing for intravenous (IV) peramivir. According to a research report published in June 2011, a new variant of swine flu had emerged in Asia with a genetic adaptation (a S247N neuraminidase mutation) giving some resistance to oseltamivir and zanamivir, but no significant reduction in sensitivity to peramivir. But a H274Y virus mutation showed resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir, but not to zanamivir, and only in N1 neuraminidases. Ultimately 3.2% (19/599) of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses collected between 2009 and 2012 had highly reduced peramivir inhibition due to the H275Y NA mutation. BioCryst Pharmaceuticals submitted a new drug application (NDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for intravenous peramivir in December 2013. Peramivir (Rapivab) was approved for intravenous administration in December 2014. References External links Category:Acetamides Category:Cyclopentanes Category:Guanidines Category:Neuraminidase inhibitors Category:Secondary alcohols	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Besed The Besed or Biesiedz (; ) is a river of Belarus. It flows through Homyel Province and is a tributary of the Sozh River in the Dnieper basin. References Category:Rivers of Belarus Category:Rivers of Gomel Region	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1971 Central American Championships in Athletics The sixth Central American Championships in Athletics were held at the Pista Eduardo Garnier in San José, Costa Rica, between November 19–21, 1971. Medal summary Some results and medal winners could be reconstructed from the archive of Costa Rican newspaper La Nación. Men Women Medal table (incomplete) Only medals from the 27 events with known results from above are counted. Team Rankings Costa Rica won the overall team ranking, Nicaragua won the team ranking in the men's category, and Panamá won the team ranking in the women's category. Total Male Female References Central American Championships in Athletics Central American Championships in Athletics Category:Sport in San José, Costa Rica Central American Championships in Athletics Category:20th century in San José, Costa Rica Category:International athletics competitions hosted by Costa Rica	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Giorgos Georgiou (Cypriot politician) Giorgos Georgiou is a Cypriot politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Progressive Party of Working People. References Category:Living people Category:MEPs for Cyprus 2019–2024 Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Cyprus) Category:Progressive Party of Working People MEPs Category:Progressive Party of Working People politicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tengri Tengri ( or , , , , Proto-Turkic teŋri / taŋrɨ; Mongolian script: , Tngri; Modern Mongolian: Тэнгэр, Tenger) is one of the names for the primary chief deity used by the early Turkic and Mongolic peoples. Worship of Tengri is Tengrism. The core beings in Tengrism are the Heavenly-Father (Tengri/Tenger Etseg) and the Earth Mother (Eje/Gazar Eej). It involves shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. Name The oldest form of the name is recorded in Chinese annals from the 4th century BC, describing the beliefs of the Xiongnu. It takes the form 撑犁/Cheng-li, which is hypothesized to be a Chinese transcription of Tängri. (The Proto-Turkic form of the word has been reconstructed as Teŋri or Taŋrɨ.) Alternatively, a reconstructed Altaic etymology from T`aŋgiri ("oath" or "god") would emphasize the god's divinity rather than his domain over the sky. The Turkic form, Tengri, is attested in the 8th century Orkhon inscriptions as the Old Turkic form Teŋri. In modern Turkish, the derived word "Tanrı" is used as the generic word for "god", or for the Abrahamic God, and is used today by Turkish people to refer to any god. The supreme deity of the traditional religion of the Chuvash is Tură. Other reflexes of the name in modern languages include ("sky"), , . The Chinese word for "sky" 天 (Mandarin: tiān, Classical Chinese: thīn and Japanese Han Dynasty loanword ten) may also be related, possibly a loan from a prehistoric Central Asian language. However, this proposal conflicts with recent reconstructions of the Old Chinese pronunciation of the character "天" as "qhl'iin" (Zhengzhang) or similar, with a lateral consonant (compare Wiktionary). Linguist Stefan Georg has proposed that the Turkic word ultimately originates as a loanword from Proto-Yeniseian tɨŋgVr- "high". History Tengri was the national god of the Göktürks, described as the "god of the Turks" (Türük Tängrisi). The Göktürk khans based their power on a mandate from Tengri. These rulers were generally accepted as the sons of Tengri who represented him on Earth. They wore titles such as tengrikut, kutluġ or kutalmysh, based on the belief that they attained the kut, the mighty spirit granted to these rulers by Tengri. Tengri was the chief deity worshipped by the ruling class of the Central Asian steppe peoples in 6th to 9th centuries (Turkic peoples, Mongols and Hungarians). It lost its importance when the Uighuric kagans proclaimed Manichaeism the state religion in the 8th century. The worship of Tengri was brought into Eastern Europe by the Huns and early Bulgars. Tengri is considered to be the chief god who created all things. In addition to this celestial god, they also had minor divinities (Alps) that served the purposes of Tengri. As Gök Tanrı, he was the father of the sun (Koyash) and moon (Ay Tanrı) and also Umay, Erlik, and sometimes Ülgen. Mythology Tengri was the main god of the Turkic pantheon, controlling the celestial sphere. Tengri is considered to be strikingly similar to the Indo-European sky god, *Dyeus, and the structure of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion is closer to that of the early Turks than to the religion of any people of Near Eastern or Mediterranean antiquity. The most important contemporary testimony of Tengri worship is found in the Old Turkic Orkhon inscriptions, dated to the early 8th century. Written in the so-called Orkhon script, these inscriptions record an account of the mythological origins of the Turks. The inscription dedicated to Kul Tigin includes the passages (in the translation provided by the Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan): "When the blue sky [Tengri] above and the brown earth below were created, between them a human being was created. Over the human beings, my ancestors Bumin Kagan and Istemi Kagan ruled. They ruled people by Turkish laws, they led them and succeeded" (face 1, line 1); "Tengri creates death. Human beings have all been created in order to die" (), (face 2, line 9); "You passed away (lit.: 'went flying') until Tengri gives you life again" (face 2, line 14). Khagans ruled by the will of Tengri thought the ancient Turkic people and preserved these thoughts in the texts of the Orkhon inscriptions in the following way: "I, Tengri-like and Tengri-born Turk Bilge Kaghan, succeeded to the throne at this time" (). In Turkic mythology, Tengri is a pure, white goose that flies constantly over an endless expanse of water, which represents time. Beneath this water, Ak Ana ("White Mother") calls out to him saying "Create". To overcome his loneliness, Tengri creates Er Kishi, who is not as pure or as white as Tengri and together they set up the world. Er Kishi becomes a demonic character and strives to mislead people and draw them into its darkness. Tengri assumes the name Tengri Ülgen and withdraws into Heaven from which he tries to provide people with guidance through sacred animals that he sends among them. The Ak Tengris occupy the fifth level of Heaven. Shaman priests who want to reach Tengri Ülgen never get further than this level, where they convey their wishes to the divine guides. Returns to earth or to the human level take place in a goose-shaped vessel. Geographical names A pyramidal peak of the Tian Shan range between China, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, is called "Khan Tengri." The Tian Shan itself is known in Uyghur as the Tanri Tagi. The Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica are also named after the deity. The Bulgars named a large mountain in the Rila mountain range after Tangra, although it was renamed in the 15th century to Musala ("Mountain of Allah") by the Ottoman Turks. Otgontenger, the highest mountain of the Khangai mountains in Mongolia. Tengger Desert, a desert in Inner Mongolia, China. Modern revival "Tengrism" is the term for a revival of Central Asian shamanism after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In Kyrgyzstan, Tengrism was suggested as a Pan-Turkic national ideology following the 2005 presidential elections by an ideological committee chaired by state secretary Dastan Sarygulov. See also Tengger Cavalry, a Chinese folk metal band named after Tengri. Wolf Totem (Chinese novel) Notes References Brent, Peter. The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan: His Triumph and his Legacy. Book Club Associates, London. 1976. Sarangerel. Chosen by the Spirits. Destiny Books, Rochester (Vermont). 2001 Schuessler, Axel. ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. University of Hawaii Press. 2007. Georg, Stefan. „Türkisch/Mongolisch tängri “Himmel/Gott” und seine Herkunft", "Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 6, 83–100 Bruno J. Richtsfeld: Rezente ostmongolische Schöpfungs-, Ursprungs- und Weltkatastrophenerzählungen und ihre innerasiatischen Motiv- und Sujetparallelen; in: Münchner Beiträge zur Völkerkunde. Jahrbuch des Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München 9 (2004), S. 225–274. Yves Bonnefoy, Asian mythologies, University of Chicago Press, 1993, , p. 331. External links Tengri Teg Tengri Created Türk Bilge Kagan (Orkhon Inscriptions) Excerpt from Tengrianizm: Religion of Turks and Mongols, by Rafael Bezertinov (2000) Andrei Vinogradov Ak Jang in the contextof Altai religious tradition (2003) Hasan Bülent Paksoy, Tengri on Mars (2010) Category:Altaic deities Category:Asian shamanism Category:Creator gods Category:Tngri Category:Religion in Mongolia Category:Sky and weather gods Category:Turkic deities	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John Veitch (cricketer) John Robert Veitch (26 August 1937 – 20 December 2009) was a New Zealand cricketer from Dunedin. A left-handed batsman, he played first-class cricket for Otago and Canterbury between 1957 and 1965. Notes External links Category:1937 births Category:2009 deaths Category:Cricketers from Dunedin Category:Otago cricketers Category:Canterbury cricketers Category:New Zealand cricketers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Full Colors Full Colors is the 21st album by the jazz fusion group Casiopea recorded and released in 1991. At the same time, the video work MOTION PICTURE FROM FULL COLORS was also released. Track listing Personnel CASIOPEA are Issei Noro - Electric guitar, Acoustic guitar Minoru Mukaiya - Keyboards Yoshihiro Naruse - Electric Bass, Fretless Bass Masaaki Hiyama - Drums, Percussion Guest musician(5,7,9) Gen Ogami(Orquesta de la Luz) - Timbales & Percussions Carlos Kanno (Orquesta de la Luz) - Bongo & Percussions Gen Date (Orquesta de la Luz) - Conga & Percussions Production Sound Produced - Casiopea Recording & Mixing Engineers - Koji Sugimori Assistant Engineers - Yuji Kuraishi, Masashi Kudo, Yasuo Nakajima, Katsumi Moriya, Kengo Katoh, Kazuyoshi Hirayama Mastering Engineers - Tohru Kotetsu Producer - Ryoichi Okuda Director - Taketsune Kubo Executive Producer - Kunihiko Otsuka Supervisor - Tadashi Nomura Artists Manager - Takashi E. Norway Promotion Director - Hiroharu Sato, Toshiharu Kawatsuna Technician - Yasushi "Mayuge" Horiuchi Cover Design - Hidetake Awano Cover Coordinate - Mitsuaki Takeda Photograph - Ryosuke Takashi Cover Graphics - I-S PHOTO INC. Release history References 『BAND SCORE CASIOPEA FULL COLORS』 1991 Rittor Music, Inc. External links LD MOTION PICTURE FROM FULL COLORS is the video work by the jazz fusion group Casiopea released in 1991. At the same time, album Full Colors was also released. It was released on LaserDisc single and VHS. It re-released on DVD as part of the way of CASIOPEA on June 23, 2004. Commentary Three songs promotion video and making video are included. Track listing Release history External links LaserDisk Database Casiopea: Motion Pictures from Full Colors References Category:Casiopea albums Category:1991 albums Category:1991 video albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Frank Hearne Frank Hearne (23 November 1858 – 14 July 1949) was an English born cricketer. One of the few men to play Test cricket for more than one country, he played for both England and South Africa. He was a member of the Hearne family of cricketers who played first-class cricket between 1879 and 1904 for Kent County Cricket Club and Western Province. Early life Hearne was born on 23 November 1858 in Ealing in what was then Middlesex. His father, George Hearne, had played for Middlesex and became the groundsman at Kent's Private Banks Sports Ground in Catford where Frank worked as a young man. He was also on the MCC ground staff at Lord's. His brothers, George and Alec, both also played for Kent. Cricketing career Hearne made his first-class cricket debut for Kent in June 1879, playing against MCC at Lord's. He was awarded his county cap in 1885 and played 125 first-class matches for the county before emigrating to South Africa after the 1889 English cricket season due to ill-health. In South Africa, Hearne played mainly for Western Province, making 11 first-class appearances for the team and playing in the Champion Bat Tournament in 1890/91 and the Currie Cup from 1892/93 to 1903/04. He toured South Africa in 1888/89 with an England team managed by RG Warton. He played in both of the matches on the tour which were later given Test match status, making his Test debut at St Elizabeth. After emigrating to South Africa he played for South Africa against England when Walter Read took a team to the country in 1891/92, making his debut for South Africa at Cape Town in March 1892 in the only Test match on the tour. His two brothers, George and Alec were on the opposing side making their only Test appearances for an England team. Hearne went on to play three more Test matches for South Africa, all against Lord Hawke's team which toured in 1895/96. He toured England with South Africa in 1894 on a tour when no matches were given first-class status. Hearne was considered to be a "solid batsman" who was effective when defending his wicket but who also possessed "a range of attacking shots", particularly on the off-side. He was described in Wisden in 1907 as "a brilliant bat and magnificent field who did many good performances for his county". He was in the Kent team which beat the touring Australians in 1884 and scored 111 for the South of England against Australia in 1886. Batting with his brother George, he was part of a Kent partnership of 226 for the second wicket at Gravesend against Middlesex in the same year, scoring 142 runs himself. He made his highest individual score, 144 runs, the following season against Yorkshire and scored four first-class centuries in his career. Later life Hearne's son, George Alfred Lawrence Hearne was born in Catford in 1884 and played cricket for Western Province. He made three Test match appearances for South Africa. Hearne set up a sports shop when he emigrated to South Africa and also coached cricket. He umpired in six Test matches in South Africa between 1899 and 1906. He died at Mowbray, Cape Town in 1949 aged 90. See also List of cricketers who have played for more than one international team References External links Category:1858 births Category:1949 deaths Category:Cricketers who have played for more than one international team Category:England Test cricketers Category:English cricketers Category:Kent cricketers Category:South Africa Test cricketers Category:Western Province cricketers Category:English cricket umpires Category:South African Test cricket umpires Category:Players cricketers Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Category:Players of the South cricketers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Strange Blood Strange Blood is a 2015 science fiction horror film directed and written by Chad Michael Ward and starring Robert Brettenaugh and Alexandra Bard. It received its world premiere on 30 January 2015 in Turkey and in the United States in April 2015. Plot Dr. Henry Moorehouse (Robert Brettenaugh) is obsessively determined to find a universal cure for disease. He plans on doing this with an organism known only as 'Ella', a large parasite which he claims can successfully create a vaccine for any virus it's exposed to. Gemma (Alexandra Bard) is Henry’s assistant, who claims to have personally witnessed him going from being a genius doctor to an insane vampiric creature after an experiment gone awry. Cast Robert Brettenaugh as Henry Moorehouse Alexandra Bard as Gemma James Adam Lim as Det. Joseph Song Barbara Breidenbach as Sara Rosie Zwaduk as Waitress Scott Harders as Private Investigator Michelle Gabriela Lamarr as Goth Girl David Horn as Bouncer Thomas O'Halloran as Jacob Moorehouse Anna Harr as Ella Moorehouse Ian Whittaker as Fire Inspector Production Reception References External links Category:2015 films Category:2015 horror films Category:Films shot in Arizona Category:English-language films Category:Body horror films Category:American science fiction horror films Category:American films Category:2010s science fiction horror films Category:Fictional parasites and parasitoids	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jenoure baronets The Jenoure Baronetcy, of Much Dunmow in the County of Essex, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 30 July 1628 for Kenelm Jenoure. The title became extinct on the death of the sixth Baronet in 1755. Jenoure baronets, of Much Dunmow (1628) Sir Kenelm Jenoure, 1st Baronet (died 1629) Sir Andrew Jenoure, 2nd Baronet (died ) Sir Maynard Jenoure, 3rd Baronet (c. 1667 – c. 1710) Sir John Jenoure, 4th Baronet (died 1739) Sir Richard Day Jenoure, 5th Baronet (c. 1718 – 1744) Sir John Jenoure, 6th Baronet (died 1755) References Category:Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lydia Jordan Lydia Grace Jordan (born June 12, 1994) is an American actress best known for her role as Alice in the 2008 film Doubt. Filmography External links Profile in Child Starlets Category:1994 births Category:Actresses from New York City Category:American film actresses Category:American television actresses Category:Living people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
What Fun We Were Having What Fun We Were Having is a 2011 American thriller film directed by Adam Wingard. It stars Hannah Hughes, AJ Bowen, Lane Hughes, Brandon Carroll, and Amanda Crawford. Set in a small American town, the film contains four stories about sexual assault. The film was written by Wingard, Simon Barrett and E. L. Katz. It was produced by Snowford Pictures and runs 80 minutes. It screened at the Fantasia Festival in 2011. References External links Category:2011 films Category:2010s thriller films Category:American thriller films Category:Films directed by Adam Wingard	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Michael Beary Michael Beary (born 1956) is an Irish Army Major general and current Head of Mission and Force Commander of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) appointed May 2016. Military career Beary was commissioned as an officer in the Irish Army Infantry Corps in 1975. Beary has held appointments as Commanding Officer of the Eastern Brigade Training Centre, in training, operations and Military Intelligence at Defence Forces Headquarters (DFHQ) and served as a Senior Instructor at the Command and Staff School, Military College, Defence Forces Training Centre (DFTC). In March 2009 Beary was promoted to the rank of Colonel and appointed Director of Defence Forces Training with responsibility for education and training policy, the development of doctrine and liaison with external education and training agencies. In November 2013 and upon promotion to the rank of Brigadier general, Beary was appointed General Officer Commanding the 2nd Brigade (Army). Overseas appointments Beary has served on three deployments to Southern Lebanon (1982, 1989, 1994) with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) peacekeeping mission, including as Company Commander and Staff Officer in the Operations Branch at UNIFIL HQ. He served in Kuwait and Baghdad, Iraq as part of the United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM). He served in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR). In 2003, Beary completed a four-month tour of duty as Liaison Team Leader with the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) HQ in Afghanistan. Between September 2004 and 2007, Beary served for three years with the European Union Military Staff (EUMS) Intelligence Division in Brussels while seconded to the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union. Beary provided intelligence planning expertise in this role for EU military operations and civilian missions. From August 2011 to February 2013, Beary commanded the European Union Training Mission Somalia (EUTM Somalia), an EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) mission to train Somali Armed Forces in Uganda. On Friday, 27 May 2016 Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon appointed Major General Beary as the Head of Mission and Force Commander of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, to succeed Major General Luciano Portolano of the Italian Army. Beary assumed command of UNIFIL on 19 July 2016. In August 2017, the Trump administration Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley launched an unprecedented personal attack on a United Nations general, accusing Beary of being "blind" to a "massive flow of illegal weapons" to Hezbollah in Southern Lebanon. She said Beary displayed "an embarrassing lack of understanding of what's going on." Beary responded by saying "if there was a large cache of weapons, we would know about it" and that if anyone had information to the contrary, that they should provide it to the UN. Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres gave his full backing to Beary, as did the Irish government. The US or Israel did not provide any evidence to back up the claims. Education Beary received his second level education at Patrician College, Ballyfin, County Laois. He has a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree from NUI Galway and is a graduate of the Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School, University College Dublin (UCD) holding a Master of Business Studies in Organisational Studies. He is a graduate of the Irish Defence Forces Command and Staff School, and a 2009 graduate of the National War College, National Defense University in Washington, D.C. from which he holds a Master of Science degree in National Security Studies. Decorations References Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of NUI Galway Category:Alumni of University College Dublin Category:Irish Army generals Category:Irish diplomats Category:Irish military personnel Category:United Nations military personnel Category:National War College alumni Category:Irish officials of the United Nations	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Satanic Curses Satanic Curses is the 5th studio album by the German power metal band Mystic Prophecy. Track listing All music by: Liapakis & Pohl All lyrics by: Liapakis Song 11 written by: Iommi, Ward, Butler, Osbourne "Back from the Dark" - 3:47 "Sacrifice Me" - 3:59 "Dark Forces" - 3:44 "Satanic Curses" - 3:40 "Evil of Destruction" - 4:27 "Demons Blood" - 4:45 "Damnation" - 4:02 "Rock the Night" - 4:13 "We Will Survive" - 4:38 "Grave of Thousand Lies" - 3:47 "Paranoid" (Black Sabbath cover) - 2:45 "We Fly" (Bonus track) - 4:21 Credits Roberto Dimitri Liapakis - vocals Martin Grimm - guitars Markus Pohl - guitars Martin Albrecht - Bass Mattias Straub - drums Category:2007 albums Category:Mystic Prophecy albums Category:Massacre Records albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Vehicle (The Ides of March album) Vehicle is the debut studio album by The Ides of March, released in 1970. The single and title of the album, "Vehicle", became the fastest selling single in Warner's history. Reception In his retrospective review for Allmusic, critic Mark Deming wrote "the band sounds tight, enthusiastic, and emphatic on all ten tracks" and that the album "documents this band's limitations as well as its strengths, but ultimately it's a good week's work, and shows the Ides of March had more up their sleeve than their only hit." Conversely, Robert Christgau called the album "Schlocky... more schlock than anyone needs." Track listing All songs written by Jim Peterik, except where noted. "Vehicle" 2:56 "Factory Band" 3:02 "Sky Is Falling" 2:48 "Home" 3:38 "Wooden Ships/Dharma for One" (David Crosby, Stephen Stills, Paul Kantner, Ian Anderson, Clive Bunker) 7:14 "Bald Medusa" (Mike Borch, Peterik) 3:02 "Aire of Good Feeling" 3:14 "Time for Thinking" (John Larson) 2:30 "One Woman Man" 3:15 "Symphony for Eleanor (Eleanor Rigby)" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) 9:42 Bonus tracks <li>"Lead Me Home, Gently" <li>"Superman" <li>"Melody" <li>"Vehicle" (single version) <li>"High on a Hillside" Personnel Jim Peterik - Lead Guitar, Lead Vocal Larry Millas - Rhythm Guitar, Bass, Keyboards, Backing Vocal Bob Bergland - Bass, Saxophone, Backing Vocals Ray Herr - Bass, Backing Vocals Michael Borch - Drums, Percussion John Larson - Trumpet, Flugelhorn Chuck Soumar - Trumpet, Backing Vocal Production Produced By Bob Destocki & Frank Rand Recorded & Engineered By Dick Dearborn & Richard Brayfield at Columbia Studios, March 1970 References External links Vehicle'' at songfacts.com "Vehicle" at discogs Category:1970 debut albums Category:Warner Records albums Category:The Ides of March (band) albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Askeaton Askeaton (, Waterfall of Géitine, also historically spelt Askettin), is a town in County Limerick, Ireland. The town on the N69, the road between Limerick and Tralee, is built on the banks of the River Deel some 3 km upstream from the estuary of the River Shannon. Among the historic structures in the town are a castle dating from 1199 and a Franciscan friary dating from 1389. The castle was abandoned to the English in 1580 – its walls blown up by the fleeing defenders – after the fall of Carrigafoyle Castle during the Desmond Rebellions. Askeaton was a constituency in the Irish House of Commons represented by two members until the dissolution of the parliament in 1801 Desmond Castle The focal point of the town is the Desmond Castle, which stands in the center of the town on a rocky island on the river Deel. This noble building has protected Askeaton since 1199, when the castle and its rights were given to Hamo de Valoignes, the Justiciary of Ireland between 1197 and 1199. In the Annals of Inisfallen, William de Burgo is recorded as having been granted the castle and estates by the king of Thomand, Dónal Mór. in 1348 Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond paid 40 shillings for the barony of Lystifti. The building that stands today dates from that time. The Earls of Desmond were to become a powerful presence in Munster, of whom it was proudly said that they had become 'more Irish than the Irish themselves' – they lived in the Gaelic manner, following the Brehon Laws, dressed in the Irish manner, spoke Irish, played Irish music and games, rode and hunted, and respected poets. The family had generations of enmity with the MacCarthys to the south in Cork and Kerry, as well as with their bitter Anglo-Norman rivals, the Butlers, Earls of Ormond. The earliest written reference to the castle is in Leabhar nanCeart, which in translation in English means The Book of Rights, compiled in the 15th century, in which the fort of Gephtine is mentioned as being reserved to the King of Cashel. The Earls of Desmond, the FitzGeralds, held possession of the castle for over 200 years; it was the centre of their power, and they ruled Munster from it. The tragic Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, had a powerful stronghold at Askeaton in 1559 and so England saw him as a threat. The English tried to impose a policy of surrender on the Irish lords who rebelled and fought a war of defence across Munster. Gerald, known as The Rebel Earl, was popular among his followers, but as the atrocities of the English incursion grew unbearable they gradually abandoned him. Fleeing with a few retainers, on 11 November 1583 he was murdered by Moriarty of Castledrum, at Glenagenty, five miles east of Tralee at Bóthar an Iarlaigh. Sir Nicholas Malby unsuccessfully attacked the castle in 1579. Askeaton Castle was then occupied by Lieutenant Patrick Purcell of the confederate Catholics. The English saw Askeaton as a threat while it was under Catholic rule. It was destroyed by the Cromwellian captain Daniel Axtell in 1652; he hanged Patrick Purcell. (Executions seem to have been a theme in the life of Axtell; captain of the Parliamentary Guard at the trial of King Charles I at Westminster Hall in 1649, shortly after the Restoration in 1660 he himself was hanged, drawn and quartered as a regicide.) The murderous Lord Justice Sir William Pelham then took possession. It was the end of the FitzGerald reign over Askeaton and Munster. The castle was transferred to the ownership of the English crown under Captain Edward Berkley. Banqueting Hall The Halla Mor (the Great Hall) is one of the finest examples of its kind in Ireland. In the grounds of the castle, it was used as a place of feasting, where the earls courted their allies and welcomed visitors. Hospitality was a huge part of the Irish way of life. How you treated your guests was a direct reflection on your honour. The hall, 72 feet long by 30 feet wide, was built by James FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Desmond, around 1440-1459. On the south wall are three blind archades and carved windows of exceptional architectural design. They are considered to have been built by the same craftsmen who built the Franciscan friary, as they are of the same design. Underneath the hall are its wine cellars and kitchens, dating from the 13th century. Franciscan Friary Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond, the legendary poet earl who is said still to sleep in a cave waiting to ride back on his silver-shod steed in Ireland's time of ultimate need, founded Askeaton Abbey in about 1389. It has cloisters with 12 arches on each side, an east window, mediaeval carvings, and a chapter room that is the final resting place of the martyrs Bishop Patrick O'Healy and Fr Conn O'Rourke. On 9 October 1579, after failing to take Askeaton Castle, the English commander Sir Nicholas Malby attacked the town and burned the friary, killing most of the friars, some in a gruesome fashion, and wrecked the ancestral tombs of the Desmonds, in a mean-spirited attack to take revenge on the earl in his impenetrable fortress. Monks returned to the friary only in 1627 but the community did not reach its former numbers until 1642. The community again abandoned the site in 1648 when Cromwell's forces neared Askeaton, and did not return until the 1650s. The friary permanently closed in 1740. St Mary's Church The present Catholic church was built in 1851, after the previous building near the Franciscan friary was totally destroyed by fire in 1847. The fire, which originated in a nearby mill, killed an employee and severely burned several others. Parish priest Fr Edward Cussen put his life at risk to rescue several men from the blaze. This happened during the heights of the Famine, and there were no funds for a new building. Fr James Enright was sent to America and there raised the funds for a new church. It is built of local limestone and has stained glass windows. The window to the right of the transept shows the resurrection of Christ, and that on the left his ascension into heaven. In the centre of the nave are windows showing St Patrick receiving the two daughters of King Laoire, the King of Ireland, into the church, and Jesus with children, and over the main door of the church a window shows the Virgin Mary. Over the door is a statue of the Pieta. The Church of Ireland also have a church in the town names St Mary's with a clergyman resident in Rathkeale. The Hellfire Club East of the castle are the remains of the Hellfire Club, an almost intact redbrick building built in 1740 (the same year the monks abandoned the nearby friary). It is one of two in Ireland (the other is outside Dublin). The Hellfire Clubs, throughout Ireland and Britain, were 18th-century clubs where rich men gathered to drink, gamble, have orgies, curse Catholics and use prostitutes. Lurid rumours around Hellfire Clubs included visits by the devil and human sacrifice. These clubs popularised the combination of whiskey, butter and cream mulled by a red-hot poker known as ‘scaltheen’. The club closed down by 1800. The façade of the building collapsed in the 1990s. Community hall In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the community organisation Muintir na Tire built a community hall for the parish. Built in a time of economic depression, it was constructed with voluntary labour of local people. It became a vital focal point in the social life of the town, used for dances and concerts and bingo. Replacing the library (which was too small) as a dance hall, it became in essence the “Ballroom of Romance” It was used as a national school while the new building was being built in 1962/63, and also as a church when masses were held there during the refurbishments of St Mary's, the Catholic church, in 1977. Transport The railway line that passes through the now closed Askeaton railway station was built by the former Limerick and Foynes Railway Company from 1856 to 1858, with the station opening on 12 May 1857. The line between Limerick and Foynes had stations at Patrickswell, Kilgobbin, Adare, Ballingrane Junction (Rathkeale) and Askeaton. The railway line to Foynes passes north of the town, but Askeaton Railway Station was closed to passenger traffic on 4 February 1963 and freight on 2 December 1974, when the station closed. Trains for Foynes continued to pass through Askeaton until the line effectively lost all its freight services in 2000. The line is still officially open to freight traffic, but has not seen a train since the annual weedspray train visited the line in May 2002, but in 2018 its expected to reopen. In an interview on Limerick's Live 95fm on 18 April 2011, Kay McGuinness, chair of Shannon Foynes Port Company, said that they were confident that the rail link could be reopened for €7 million, considerably less than Iarnród Éireann's quoted price of €30 million. A recent campaign by the residents of Station Road prevented Iarnród Éireann from removing the railway gates at the station. This has kept hopes alive that the track will be reopened to traffic See also List of towns and villages in Ireland Killeen Cowpark, located 5 km east External links Information on the friary Askeaton community web-site Desmond Castle entry in thestandingstone.ie References Category:Towns and villages in County Limerick	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Miroslav Klinger Miroslav Klinger (20 January 1893 – 10 February 1979) was a Czech gymnast who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born and died in Prague. In 1920 he was a member of the Czechoslovak gymnastic team which finished fourth in the team event. Four years later at the 1924 Summer Olympics he participated in the following events: Individual all-around - fifth place Vault - seventh place Pommel horse - seventh place Parallel bars - tenth place Rings - eleventh place Sidehorse vault - twelfth place Rope climbing - 24th place Horizontal bar - 26th place Team all-around - did not finish Klinger achieved greater success at the 1922 World Championships in Ljubljana where he contributed to the team gold, achieved individual gold on the Pommel Horse and Horizontal Bar, and won silver on the Parallel Bars. Klinger was an active member and activist of Sokol organization. During World War II he was incarcerated in Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps. In Czechoslovak parliamentary elections in 1948 he was elected to the National Assembly for the Czech National Social Party. He was a member of parliament until 1960. References External links profile Category:1893 births Category:1979 deaths Category:Czech male artistic gymnasts Category:Czechoslovak male artistic gymnasts Category:Olympic gymnasts of Czechoslovakia Category:Gymnasts at the 1920 Summer Olympics Category:Gymnasts at the 1924 Summer Olympics Category:Sportspeople from Prague Category:Sokol members Category:Buchenwald concentration camp survivors Category:Dachau concentration camp survivors Category:Czech National Social Party politicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rosemary Murphy Rosemary Murphy (January 13, 1925 – July 5, 2014) was an American actress of stage, film, and television. She was nominated for three Tony Awards for her stage work, as well as two Emmy Awards for television work, winning once, for her performance in Eleanor and Franklin (1976). Biography and career Murphy was born in Munich, Germany in 1925, the daughter of American parents Mildred (née Taylor) and Robert Daniel Murphy, a diplomat. The family left Germany in 1939 due to the onset of World War II. Education Murphy, whose résumé came to include French and German films, attended Manhattanville College and trained as an actress at Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., and in New York at the Neighborhood Playhouse and the Actors Studio with Sanford Meisner before beginning her career on stage. Stage She made her stage debut in Germany, in a 1949 production of Peer Gynt. She made her Broadway debut in 1950 in The Tower Beyond Tragedy. She went on to appear in some 15 Broadway productions, most recently in Noël Coward's Waiting in the Wings (1999). Film and television She also acted in films and on TV, most notably portraying Sara Delano Roosevelt in the TV miniseries Eleanor and Franklin (1976) and Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years (1977). She played Maudie Atkinson in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) as well as Callie Hacker in Walking Tall (1973). The following year, in 1974, she appeared in the television film A Case of Rape, playing a ruthless defense attorney who brutally cross-examines a rape victim (played by Elizabeth Montgomery) and wins an acquittal for the man who attacked her. Her first soap opera role was Nola Hollister #2 on The Secret Storm from 1969-1970. In 1977, she appeared on All My Children as Maureen Teller Dalton, Eric Kane's former mistress, and the mother of his son, Mark Dalton. In 1988, she played Loretta Fowler for several months, the kleptomaniac mother of Mitch Blake and Sam Fowler on Another World. The following year, she appeared on As the World Turns as Gretel Aldin #2 (a role previously played by Joan Copeland) when her character's son, James Stenbeck, was allegedly murdered. She also appeared in episodes of Columbo and Murder, She Wrote. Awards Murphy won an Emmy Award for her role in Eleanor and Franklin. She also won a Clarence Derwent Award and an Outer Critics Circle Award and was nominated for two Tony awards. Death She died on July 5, 2014 in Manhattan, from esophageal cancer. She never married. Filmography Das Ruf (1947) - Mary That Night! (1957) - Nurse 'Chorny' Chornis The Young Doctors (1961) - Miss Graves To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) - Maudie Atkinson The Virginian (1962) - Pearl Dodd Krause in the episode "Big Day, Great Day" Any Wednesday (1966) - Dorothy Cleves A Case of Libel (1968, TV Movie) - Claire A Fan's Notes (1972) - Moms Invitation to a March (1972, TV Movie) Ben (1972) - Beth Garrison You'll Like My Mother (1972) - Mrs. Kinsolving Walking Tall (1973) - Callie Hacker Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973) - Hannah 40 Carats (1973) - Mrs. Latham A Case of Rape (1974, TV Movie) - Muriel Dyer The Lady's Not for Burning (1974, TV Movie) - Margaret Devize Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years (1977, TV Movie) - Sara Delano Roosevelt Julia (1977) - Dottie Before and After (1979, TV Movie) - Helen, Carole's Mother The Attic (1980) - Mrs. Perkins Mr. Griffin and Me (1981, TV Movie) - Jane Barlow The Hand (1981) - Karen Wagner George Washington (1984, TV Mini-Series) - Mary Ball Washington September (1987) - Mrs. Mason For the Boys (1991) - Luanna Trott Twenty Bucks (1993) - Aunt Dotty And the Band Played On (1993, TV Movie) - Blood Bank Executive Don't Drink the Water (1994, TV Movie) - Miss Pritchard The Tuskegee Airmen (1995, TV Movie) - Eleanor Roosevelt Mighty Aphrodite (1995) - Adoption Coordinator Message in a Bottle (1999) - Helen At The B&B The Hunt for the Unicorn Killer (1999, TV Movie) - Bea Einhorn Dust (2001) - Angela The Savages (2007) - Doris Metzger Synecdoche, New York (2008) - Frances After.Life (2009) - Mrs. Whitehall The Romantics (2010) - Grandmother Hayes (final film role) References External links Rosemary Murphy at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection Category:1925 births Category:2014 deaths Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American film actresses Category:American stage actresses Category:American television actresses Category:Actresses from New York City Category:Manhattanville College alumni Category:Deaths from esophageal cancer Category:Deaths from cancer in New York (state) Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Primetime Emmy Award winners Category:Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Turf Paradise Derby The Turf Paradise Derby is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually between early and mid February at Turf Paradise Race Course in Phoenix, Arizona. The race is open to three-year-old horses and is competed over a distance of one and one-sixteenth miles on the dirt. An ungraded stakes that is an official prep race for the Kentucky Derby, it currently offers a purse of $100,000. Inaugurated in 1986, the Turf Paradise Derby was run at a distance of one mile but the following year was modified to its present distance of one and one-sixteenth miles. Records Speed record: 1:41.72 - Startac (2001) Most wins by a jockey: 2 - Alfredo Guerrero (1989, 1990) 2 - Tim Masters (1991, 1992) 2 - Scott A. Stevens (1993, 2006) Most wins by a trainer: 5 - Doug Oliver (1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995) Most wins by an owner: 2 - Alice Mettler (1989, 1990) 2 - Allan Burdick / Arnulf & Rebecca Ueland (1991, 1992) 2 - Dennis E. Weir (1996, 1999) Winners of the Turf Paradise Derby Category:Ungraded stakes races in the United States Category:Horse races in the United States Category:Triple Crown Prep Races Category:Sports in Phoenix, Arizona Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1986 Category:1986 establishments in Arizona	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Megachile kohtaoensis Megachile kohtaoensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1927. References Kohtaoensis Category:Insects described in 1927	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Low-cost carrier terminal Low-cost carrier terminal or LCCT a.k.a. budget terminal is a specific type of airport terminal designed with the needs of low-cost airlines in mind. Though terminals may have differing charges and costs, as is common in Europe, the concept of an all-budget terminal was promoted and pioneered by Tony Fernandes of AirAsia at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in 2006. Description In some cases, the designs of a low-cost carrier terminal mimic old designs of an airport terminal, such as the former airport of Hong Kong, Kai Tak Airport. With a stripped-down airport terminal, airports can reduce daily operating costs significantly, thereby passing along the savings to budget airlines and ultimately their passengers. It specifically entails cost reductions from normal airports in terms of: Physical building: forgoing expensive architectural design for simple boxy warehouse-like design. low ceilings. foregoing steel and glass structures to reduce air conditioning overhead cost. Amenities: may have less choice in terms of restaurants and duty-free shops. decoration may be mostly airline ads. Support structures: long corridors, moving walkways, and jet bridges often replaced by transport with airport buses and boarding with airstairs. (This also allows quicker plane turnaround time, which may lower landing fee, and increase aircraft utilization). Baggage handling is much simplified, e.g. some LCCTS lack Baggage carousels. However these terminals may also have modern facilities such as free Wi-Fi, and be comfortably air conditioned. A German study (Swanson 2007) of costs showed that at Malaysia's KLIA and Changi LCCTs, airlines were charged roughly 2/3 to 3/4 the total cost of landing at the main terminal; for budget-sensitive carriers, any savings advantage can be critical. Klia2 billed as the world's largest purpose-built terminal dedicated to low-cost carriers, is designed to cater for 45 million passengers a year with future capacity expansion capability. Built at a cost of US$1.3 billion, klia2 started commercial operations on May 2, 2014 at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Malaysia. Realisation of the projects While the concept of a simple basic terminal in theory would lower costs, in practice, it can be turned into a pork barrel project such as klia2. Budget terminals also have to consider if they only serve budget airlines or all airlines. In this way, a terminal can essentially "lose its budget identity". In the case of Macau airport, "from an airport perspective, having a separate LCCT is frequently more expensive than having one terminal for all carrier types because of the need to duplicate services and systems including check-in, security and immigration." In the case of KLIA2, Malaysia Airports has instructed Airasia in 2016 that the overbudget terminal isn't a LCCT terminal at all. List of existing/expanding budget terminals Europe Dublin Airport - It serves as the headquarters of Ireland's flag carrier – Aer Lingus, regional airline Stobart Air, Europe's largest low-cost carrier – Ryanair, and ASL Airlines Ireland, together with another two airlines, CityJet and Norwegian Air International. Gatwick Airport - The world’s leading low-cost airport. London Stansted Airport - Stansted is a base for a number of major European low-cost carriers, being the largest base for low-cost airline Ryanair. Luton Airport - The airport serves as a base for EasyJet, TUI Airways, Ryanair and Wizz Air. Marseille Provence Airport - First terminal entirely developed for low-cost airlines in France. Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport - The creation of Terminal 3, a former charter facility for low-cost airlines. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol - Base and operation for low-cost airliners. Barcelona–El Prat Josep Tarradellas Airport - It is a hub for Level and Vueling, and a focus city for Air Europa, Iberia, EasyJet, Norwegian and Ryanair. Brussels South Charleroi Airport - Their flights are mainly from low-cost carriers. David the Builder Kutaisi International Airport - Airport served mainly by low-cost carriers. Berlin Schönefeld Airport - Some non-budget carriers operate here but it brings the concept of a budget terminal. Frankfurt–Hahn Airport - The only airlines that operate commercial passenger service to/from the airport of which are low-cost carriers. Budapest International Airport - Not a dedicated low-cost terminal though Terminal 2 is cheaper to use than Terminal 1. Aurel Vlaicu International Airport - Bucharest's low-cost hub. Riga International Airport - Largest airport in the Baltic states with direct flights, and as one of the base airports of low-cost airlines. Rome Fiumicino Airport - Terminal 2 is exclusively dedicated to low-cost carriers. Warsaw Modlin Airport - Airport dedicated to low-cost carriers. Stockholm Skavsta Airport - A former military airport, now an airport dedicated to low-cost carriers. Kyiv Boryspil Airport - Opened in March 2019, Terminal F, a former cargo terminal as the terminal for low-cost carriers. Milan Malpensa Airport - Terminal 2 is exclusively dedicated to low-cost carriers (mostly EasyJet). Asia & Oceania Melbourne Airport - the first budget terminal in Australia, Terminal 4 is currently used by Tiger Airways Australia and Jetstar Airways. Indira Gandhi International Airport - Terminal 1 not dedicated to but being used by low-cost carriers Soekarno-Hatta Airport Terminal 2F - created by elimination of existing air conditioning, duty-free shops, baggage handling and air bridges, reducing # of check-in desks, while adding kiosks, self-service bag drop, and expanding from capacity from 9 to 24 million. Ben Gurion International Airport - Terminal 1, the older terminal (replaced by Terminal 3) renovated and dedicated for Low-Cost international flights, opened at June 2017 Naha International Airport - small budget terminal opened Oct 2012. Narita International Airport Terminal 3 opened April 8, 2015 with discounted airport tax. Kansai International Airport - small budget terminal opened Oct 2012. Kuala Lumpur International Airport - klia2, Opened in May 2014 and it is a hybrid terminal that accommodates low-cost carriers. Kota Kinabalu International Airport - Not a true LCCT terminal as non-budget carriers use this terminal, but incorporates the concept. Don Mueang International Airport - Former main airport of Bangkok before being replaced by Suvarnabhumi International Airport. North & South America São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport - Created as a cargo terminal, Terminal 1 nowadays is used by 2 Brazilian LCCT without jetbridges and a simple departure lounge with 9 gates El Palomar Airport - Military airport, now shares the airport with low-cost carriers. Austin-Bergstrom International Airport - the South Terminal hosts Austin's ULCCs. List of proposed budget terminals Taoyuan International Airport Clark International Airport, the first in the country, despite having low-cost carriers for decades. Ramenskoye Airport Bangkok is also urged by airlines to consider such a terminal Chubu (Nagoya) was considering it in 2013. Brisbane is considering a LCCT under its master plan. Transportation Secretary of Philippines unveiled a plan for a LCCT at NAIA. is actively looking into LCCTs as well as low cost carriers. References External links Category:Airport infrastructure	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
George Preti Dr. George Preti is an analytical organic chemist currently working at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For more than four decades, his research has focused on the nature, origin, and functional significance of human odors. Dr. Preti's laboratory has identified characteristic underarm odorants, and his current studies center upon a bioassay-guided approach to the identification of human pheromones, odors diagnostic of human disease, human malodor identification and suppression and examining the “odor-print” of humans. Background George Preti was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He received his B.S. in chemistry from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1966. He earned a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1971 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with a specialty in organic mass spectrometry in the laboratory of Professor Klaus Biemann. That same year he joined the Monell Center. Dr. Preti is also an adjunct professor in the Department of Dermatology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Research In addition to having published dozens of peer-reviewed research articles, Dr. Preti holds more than a dozen patents related to deodorance, odor mediated control of the menstrual cycle, and the use of odors in disease diagnosis. His unique area of research has resulted in hundreds of clinician-directed referrals of patients with an idiopathic body and oral malodor production problems. His efforts in this area have revealed a large, undiagnosed population of people suffering from trimethylaminuria, an odor-producing genetic disorder. Dr. Preti’s work has frequently been cited by the news media, including the New York Times magazine section, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and ABC’s “Primetime: Medical Mysteries”. Selected publications References External links Dr. George Preti's homepage at Monell.org Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni Category:21st-century American chemists Category:Organic chemists Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Malaysian Nationalist Party The Malaysian Nationalist Party or (PNM or NASMA) was a multi racial grouping launched in July 1985 under the banner "Malaysians for Malaysia, for justice, intergrity and progress". Envisioned by its founders as a forum for nonsectarian critics of the Mahathir Mohamad regime as a challenge to the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the party's main accomplishment by late 1985 was weakening Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) expansion effort. Party logo See also Politics of Malaysia List of political parties in Malaysia References Category:Political parties established in 1985 Category:1985 establishments in Malaysia Category:Defunct political parties in Malaysia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nashua Manufacturing Company Historic District The Nashua Manufacturing Company Historic District in Nashua, New Hampshire, is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1987. It encompasses an area just west of downtown Nashua, roughly located along the southern bank of the Nashua River, bordered on the west side by Mine Falls Park, on the south side by the Nashua River canal, up to Ledge Street, and from the east side by Factory, Pine and Water streets, up to the Main Street bridge. Today this area is dominated by the clock tower at "Clock Tower Place" apartments, and the large "Millyard" smokestack of the Picker building. The district takes its name from the time when this complex of buildings belonged to the Nashua Manufacturing Company, and though surrounding buildings also served the company in some way or another, they are not included in the district. The Nashua Manufacturing Company was originally built as a cotton mill and was incorporated in 1823. Their competitor, the Jackson Manufacturing Company, located downstream on the other side of the Main Street bridge at Jackson Falls dam, was incorporated in 1824. Nashua power canal Though all of Mine Falls Park is not a part of the district, the entirety of the Nashua River Canal is, up to and including the 1886 Mine Falls Gatehouse. This "Upper", or "Power canal" is long, deep and wide, and it was dug and in operation by 1830. It contributed significantly to the economic prosperity of the company. Historical significance In 1835 the town was the third largest city of New Hampshire after Dover and Portsmouth, and the Nashua Manufacturing Company opened their own bank, called the Nashua Bank. The creation of a new railroad line to Nashua from Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1838 gave the local economy a further boost, and the Nashua Iron Company opened, specializing in locomotive parts for this growing new industry. The Nashua Manufacturing Company built 48 houses or tenements and two churches to be able to hire enough workers to man the machinery in its complex. Listed properties Mill #1 (1856-1857), rebuilt 1826 mill which burned in 1856 Mill#2 (1867) Mill#3 (1835-1836), oldest remaining structure Mill#4 (1844-1845) Picker building (1866-1881) Cotton house (1845-1898) Boiler house (with "Millyard tower") (1898) North cotton storehouse (c.1902) Bleachery and dyehouse (1892-1919) Repair shops and cloth room (1865-1899) Power canal (1824-1872) Mine Falls Gatehouse (1886) Storehouse #2 (1851-1885) Storehouse #4 (1890) Wastehouse (1896) Picker building #6 (1890-1924) Mill #6 (1899) and #6 annex (1902) Mill #5 (1899) and #5 annex (1900) Company office (1879) Mill#7 (1904-1913) West Auto house (1920s) East Auto house (c.1915) Wheel house (1900) with 1902 turbine and generator Oil house (1905) South cotton storehouse (1916) Through-Warren Truss bridge (c.1902) Iron fence (c.1905) Office building (1900) Non-contributing elements within the designated area Nashua NH Foundation office (1941) Boiler room (1948) Dust collector (1950) Power station (1948) Pine street extension (1900) Parking lot (1926) See also Nashville Historic District (Nashua, New Hampshire), on the north side of the Nashua River National Register of Historic Places listings in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire References Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire Category:Federal architecture in New Hampshire Category:Italianate architecture in New Hampshire Category:Historic districts in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire Category:Buildings and structures in Nashua, New Hampshire Category:National Register of Historic Places in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire Category:Cotton mills in the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Radu (weapon) Radu was, according to Ion Mihai Pacepa, a radiological weapon used against dissenters and critics by Nicolae Ceaușescu's Securitate. "Radu" is a Romanian name and in this context it is a reference to "radiation". The supposed weapon was intended to lead to cancer which would result in death within months after the exposure. According to Pacepa, it was created by the Securitate's "Service K" in spring 1970, using radioactive materials it received from the KGB. The Romanian "Service K", founded in 1950s by the Soviets using the KGB model, was in charge of the dirty work against jailed prisoners who they considered dangerous to the regime. This included monitoring them with microphones and trying to frame them by inducing them into making incriminating statements. The same Pacepa claimed the service was also in charge of killing them and making it appear like a suicide or natural death. Historian Mihai Pelin claimed in a book on Radio Free Europe, Melița și Eterul, that there was no such weapon, but others, such as RFE journalist Nestor Ratesh, argue that Pelin also claimed the Securitate was not involved in the 1981 RFE bombing, position that was allegedly contradicted by Romanian president Ion Iliescu. References Category:Socialist Republic of Romania Category:Nuclear terrorism Category:Weapons of Romania Category:Radiological weapons Category:Romanian inventions	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Vulcan's Forge (Du Brul novel) Vulcan's Forge is an adventure novel by Jack Du Brul. This is the 1st book featuring the author’s primary protagonist, Philip Mercer. Plot introduction During the Cold War, the Soviet Union launched a secret operation against the United States, detonating a nuclear bomb on the ocean floor and creating a volcano that would take decades to rise to the surface. Now, two hundred miles off Hawaii, an island is forming-an island that holds unimaginable wealthe and power for those who control it. As the fight to claim the island rages from the halls of power to the depths of the ocean, Philip Mercer must wage a battle against both man and nature to bring the world back from the edge of destruction. References Category:1998 American novels Category:Novels by Jack Du Brul Category:Novels set in Hawaii	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Coleophora majuscula Coleophora majuscula is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Azerbaijan. The larvae feed on Acanthophyllum mucronatum. They feed on the leaves of their host plant. References majuscula Category:Moths described in 1991 Category:Moths of Asia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Blue cod Blue cod is also a common name for Anoplopoma fimbria (sablefish) in the UK. The blue cod (Parapercis colias) is a temperate marine fish of the family Pinguipedidae. It is also known variously as Boston blue cod, New Zealand cod, sand perch, or its Māori names rāwaru, pākirikiri and patutuki. It is exclusively found in New Zealand in shallow waters around the rocky coasts to a depth of 150 m, though it is far more common south of Cook Strait. It is bluish green to blue-black above with white toward the belly. Large examples are usually greenish blue in colour, while smaller ones are blotched in varying shades of brown. An adult may grow to 60 cm in length and weigh from 1.0 to 3.0 kg. It feeds mainly on small fish and crabs. Blue cod is territorial. Spawning takes place in southern spring. Blue cod can also change sex from female to male. It is an important recreational species in the South Island and is commercially harvested. Blue cod populations are managed under New Zealand's fisheries quota management system, although are becoming scarce in some small areas due to fishing pressure. Annual catch range is between 2,000 and 2,500 tonnes. Identification Parapercis colias are protogynous hermaphrodites, which means they have both female and male reproductive organs at the beginning and some females change sex to males later in their life. P. colias is a marine bottom dwelling fish that is found in coastal New Zealand waters. Their colouring varies on age and sex. Juveniles start off being generally pale in colour and have two long dark stripes along the sides which will turn brown and barely distinguishable when they become middle-sized fish. As they mature with a body length over 25 cm, both sexes would have a blueish-grey dorsal with a white underside. Females have a tinge of orange and there is a trend for them to become green when they grow larger. Brownish pigments can be found at the base of pectoral fin. On the other hand, adult males have distinctive blue-grey colour coat with greenish sides and a golden brown line can be found above each eye. Body length of P. colias is about 30–40 cm in general, but can up to 60 cm and their weight is 0.8-1.5 kg in general, but can up to 3 kg. Males tend to be larger than females. They can live up to 32 years old. Heads of P. colias are prominent and rounded with scales. They have a plump shaped body covered with firm scales. Above their non expanded cheeks are two large lateral eyes which can rotate independently, this allows them to see almost everywhere around them. P. colias possess a terminal mouth with bulbous lips. Their pelvic fins are generally placed forward on the throat with brown dots appear underneath it. There is a single horizontal stripe where ten to twelve scales above across their side of the body. The anterior section of their dorsal fin is small and short, followed by fins with five short spines. In contrast their second dorsal is long. A key used in an article of Cantwell can distinguish P. colias from other parapercids. Key features are listed below: The outer row of lower jaw has eight teeth Dorsal spines longer to the posterior (rear end) Soft dorsal fins have 20 rays and anal fins with 17 10 to 11 scales are present from lateral line to base of first soft dorsal ray 23 to 26 counts of gill rakers Caudal (tail) fins have 15 branched rays that looks rounded but bi-lobed. Other characters of detailed skeleton structures (osteology) of Parapercis species can be found in an article written by Gosline. Swimming bladder is usually present in osteichthyids, it helps the fish to stay at a certain water pressure level (depth) without spending more energy. Swimming bladder in P. colias are absent. They will automatically sink to the sea floor if they stop swimming; therefore, they are called bottom-dwelling or sedentary bottom-hugging species. Their body shape of having a flattened abdomen indicates this as well. Normally, P. colias use their pectoral fin to swim, their body muscles and tails fin are only involved in swimming when a sudden burst or speed is needed, this type of swimming character is called labriform. As a result, their pelvic fins, used as props when they are resting on the seabed, are reduced and thicken. Due to their nature of being bottom-dwelling species, sand can clog their gills when they are resting. To remedy this, P. colias often hold their breath and open their mouths for a long interval like having a yawn to take good gulps of air every now and then. Speaking of having a yawn, if you look closely you will notice that P. colias do not have palatine teeth and only have small teeth; however, you would not want to feel their sharp and well developed pharyngeal teeth near their throat like their prey. There are some other detailed morphological characteristics inside the body of P. colias that determine their taxonomy, such as the presence of a lentiform body (an ocular vascular structure) and others, are mentioned by Eastman. Distribution Natural global range Pinguipedid fishes (Sandperches) are widely found in the southern Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions. However, P. colias is endemic to New Zealand. New Zealand range P.colias is found from the shore to the shelf edge around New Zealand's entire coastline, but there are no records in either the Kermadec Islands or the Snares Islands / Tini Heke. They are more abundant from south of Cook Strait and they are an iconic species for the South Island. They are most common around Southland and the Chatham Islands. Habitat preferences P. colias can be found at 150m in depth occupying bedrock outcrops on gravel or sandy seabed. These habitats with macro algae or Sponges are even more preferred. Furthermore, their abundance in each habitat varies between age. Juvenile are found more frequently in sponge gardens (more than 16m deep) dominated by orange finger sponges (Raspalia topsenti & Raspalia flaccida), large black massive sponge (Ancorina alata) and the small bright yellow clumps of Polymastia granulosa that provide more shelters and safer refuges, whereas adults are mainly found on reef margins and deeper areas. Since P. colias are generalists, which means that they prey on various species instead of depending on only one species, habitats that are rich in diversity of species are also favoured by them. An example of this is the kelp forest which is often established on rock beds where it is also desirable for P. colias. However, they can be also found in less species diverse habitats such as barren rock flats (4-12m deep) that are dominated by sea urchins grazing on algae. As mentioned before, P. colias can be found at 150m in depth and was reported to be caught at 350m below the surface, other important aspects such as temperature, salinity and oxygen content in the ocean are often influenced by water depth. 766 samples were taken to determine the water temperature and chemistry ranges of P. colias as listed below: {\|\|- ! scope="col" width="width: 1000em;" \| ! scope="col" width="width: 20em;" \| ! scope="col" width="width: 20em;" \| \|- \|Temperature: \| 7.786 - 18.158 \| (°C) \|- \|Nitrate: \| 0.205 - 18.689 \| (µmol/L) \|- \|Salinity: \| 34.283 - 35.544 \| (PPS) \|- \|Oxygen: \| 5.121 - 6.587 \| (ml/l) \|- \|Phosphate: \| 0.258 - 1.333 \| (µmol/l) \|- \|Silicate: \| 1.911 - 7.690 \| (µmol/l) \|- \|} Life cycle/phenology Spawning and Hatching Multiple spawning events of a female P. colias occur throughout late winter and spring in the centre to the outer continental shelf. Instead of a distinct spawning episode, their spawning is a continuous event that the eggs are released over time. One male can be spawning with different groups of female. Eggs could possibly drift 74 km away from the spawning site and hatch potentially after 116 hours. Young fish are found below 20 metres then move to shallow water in summer. Age, Growth, Sex and Maturity Growth of P. colias is measured by the relationship between age and their body length. P. colias are protogynous hermaphrodites, when the length of P. colias reaches 410mm, 50% of the females are transitional. Sex inversion occurs with the colour change from whitish with a brown band at both sides or an orange tinge to bluish colour with a blue green band. Though sex inversion found to occur across a wide range of age and size, the cause of activating the sex inversion has not been well understood. Studies have shown that the proportion of sex change decreases afterwards as the presence of males in the population would discourage sex change. Hence, it is regarded as a response to the demographic structure in the population instead of a response to their size. Another study indicated that blue cod is most fecund at the size which closes to the average size of the first maturity of males. It has been regarded as a sign of potential sex change by reducing egg production for saving the resource. Sex change is also not well described that the transitional gonads has different definitions. Their growth rate can differ due to food supply, water temperature and habitat as other fish do. Sex can also influence the growth rate. Male grow faster and larger than female. P. colias have the potential to grow up to 50 cm in length and weight 4 kg. Growth ring interpretation shows that they can live about 10 to 15 years, but a study showed that the known maximum age of blue cod is 23 years old. Maturity values are derived from the length of the fish. Their growth rate varies between locations. For example, male can reach maturity when their length reached 10–19 cm (which is about 2–3 years old) in Northland, but in Southland the male needs to reach 26–28 cm (which is about 4–6 years old). Besides, males generally have a faster growth rate compared to females. Both female and male P. colias are assumed to reach sexual maturity with the measuring of 28 cm. The maximum lifespan of P. colias is 32 years. Behaviours Similar to other Parapercis species, male P. colias hold territories and their home range increases as the individual grows. Mutch found that they tend to hold large territories rather than but loose territories with small social groups that contain three to five females. Though they hold stable territories, P. colias moves from time to time. In a study, P. colias can move with on average of 2.09±2.12 km, this could potentially be home range shifts. It is reported that P. colias emigrate from coastal to offshore waters in May of each year, this is thought to be a preparation for mating and spawning in early winter. Migration P. colias seem to be migratory at certain times in a year, but little is known about their migration. Other studies indicated that they are relatively sedentary, however, long-term dispersal has been suggested due to a record that one individual travelled 156 km over 20 months. Diet and foraging Many fish species are generalists; thus, they are not limited by the predator-prey cycle. P. colias is one of them. They have been recorded to have 52 taxa in their diet, where adults are found to be more selective than juveniles. It makes sense that when P. colias grows bigger, the variety of species in their diet also increases, this includes polychaetes, crustaceans, molluscs, Pisces, algae and even its own spawn! This means that P. colias are omnivores which "feeds on more one trophic level". In short, you can say that they consume anything that is abundant and available locally. Other than the development of the fish itself, what they consume differs from region to region and whether the area is fished or not plays an important role as well. One study showed that oyster dredged habitat can reduce their prey diversity and have a negative effect on fish size. They usually stalk, seize and swallow their prey. After being caught, they tend to regurgitate the stomach contents. ‘Our Big Blue Backyard’ is a documentary of New Zealand marine and shoreline species. In the Chatham Islands episode, blue cod (P. colias) waits to feed on pāua, an endemic sea-snail that attaches itself on hard surfaces such as rocks, at its most vulnerable phases – when they move or are grasped up by a starfish using hundreds of tube feet. They are also said to be voracious. Predators, parasites, and diseases Predators Homo sapiens (humans) fish 2000 to 2500 tons of P. colias annually. Natural predators include: Great white shark Benthic feeders, such as: Yellow-eyed penguins Dolphins Sea birds, such as mollymawks As many marine predators are generalists there are many other potential predators not listed. P. colias are known to predate upon juveniles of their own species. Parasites Hewitt and Hine summarised the parasites found on blue cod including species in five main groups: Blood sucking sea lice are also known to parasitise P. colias. Disease and Injuries No specific disease is found on P. colias, but some injuries have been recorded. Hooking injuries could cause tissue damage and possibly lead to mortality. Despite having greater risk for parasitic, bacterial, or fungal infections, mortality after having a hook injury is often caused by blood loss rather than disease. An article suggests that small hooks cause more blood loss problems than big hooks to P. colias. Compared to other bony fish, swimming bladder in P. colias is absent, this means that they do not suffer from barotrauma – an injury due expansion or eruption of the swimming bladder in fish, it is often caused by rapid water pressure change when rising from deep water to water surface. Cultural uses Heads of rāwaru (P. colias, blue cod) were often given back to the sea as offerings to the god Maru before Māori return from fishing. History of the name Blue cod (P. colias) is not a cod. The use of blue cod can date back to the time of Captain Cook. Some early writers listed them as coal-fish which derived from unrelated European fish. However, this name is so widely used in New Zealand that it is unlikely to be changed. Economic and population management issue Blue cod is well known by the public due to its commercial and recreational importance. As mentioned before, we fish 2000 to 2500 tones of P. colias per year. The value of P. colias as being the third popular recreational fishing species cannot be ignored, this includes using their flesh as rock lobster bait. It is estimated that the marginal willingness to pay for an additional P. colias is $1.61 per fish and the average willingness to pay is $24.46 per fish. It is estimated that in 1999, 1.2 million P. colias was harvested, of which 70% were from the South Island. Thus, Ministry for Primary Industries (New Zealand) has set minimum capture length and maximum capture limit of P. colias, which varies between areas mainly depending on abundance, to avoid depletion. For example, in the South-East area (of South Island from Clarence Point to Southland and extended to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand), no fish shorter than 30 cm can be taken and each fisher has a limit up to 30 fish per day. To achieve sustainable fishing, it is crucial to persist healthy population structure with continuous monitoring and quotas set to date. However, as the largest fish in the population would be the male, males are often being caught and is thought to affect the females changing their sex earlier. This is an emerging issue to all hermaphrodites. Surprisingly, the sex ratio male to females of P. colias is about 5:1 which is biologically implausible. This suggests that sex changes might not purely depend on fish length, but we cannot ignore the fact that fishery has changed the natural population composition of "P. colias". To understand the direct impact on P. colias despite population decline further research is required. In addition, the fundamental unit of concern of its management of population is the genetic structure that can lead to the reduction of the evolutionary potential for responding to environmental change, the increase of inbreeding risk and the force of selective genetic change. Since a number of evidence indicated that blue cod are relatively sedentary, the fishing pressure may lead to potential local depletion. Recent studies showed that the genetic differences were significant between mainland List of islands of New Zealand population and Chatham Island population. On the other hand, the differences within mainlandList of islands of New Zealand populations were limited while the pattern of the isolation by distance was detected. Further research using microsatellite DNA markers suggested that some significant genetic differences between mainland population exist which indicate the potential long-distance dispersal, but the dispersal rate is too low to have demographic effect in the population. References External links Blue Cod Fishing and a link to the Blue Cod Fishing Regulations. Ministry of Fisheries. Category:Pinguipedidae Category:Endemic marine fish of New Zealand Category:Commercial fish Category:Fish described in 1801	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Spinulata oblongata Spinulata oblongata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Costa Rica. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog Category:Cossulinae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Athletics at the 2007 All-Africa Games – Women's pole vault The women's pole vault at the 2007 All-Africa Games was held on July 19. Results References Results Pole	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Kaiser's Shadow The Kaiser's Shadow is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by Roy William Neill and written by Octavus Roy Cohen and J.U. Giesy. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Thurston Hall, Edward Cecil, Leota Lorraine, Otto Hoffman, and Charles K. French. The film was released on July 1, 1918, by Paramount Pictures. It is not known whether the film currently survives. Plot As described in a film magazine, a love affair between Paula Harris (Dalton) and Hugo Wagner (Hall), begun in Wilhemstrasse, continues in America where the two, as German spies, obtain employment in the home of Dorothy Robinson (Lorraine), fiance of Clement Boyd (Cecil), an inventor who perfected a rifle. On their wedding day Clement and Dorothy are spirited away to the home of Professor Fredeerick Fischer, a cog in the German spy system. A search of Clement fails to find the plans for the rifle, and Hugo and Paula, who conducted the abduction, are told that they bungled it and will have to answer to "his excellence". The torture of Clement by "his excellence" is halted when Paula tears the mask from his face, exposing William Kremlin (French), a respected citizen. Men from the U.S. secret service arrive and the leaders of the band are killed while the others are taken into custody. Subsequent revelations show that Paula and Hugo were actually both in the service of the Allies and their romance culminates. Cast Dorothy Dalton as Paula Harris Thurston Hall as Hugo Wagner Edward Cecil as Clement Boyd Leota Lorraine as Dorothy Robinson Otto Hoffman as Fredeerick Fischer Charles K. French as William Kremlin Reception Like many American films of the time, The Kaiser's Shadow was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors cut, in Reel 2, three scenes of chloroforming a young woman and, in Reel 5, the shooting of a police officer. References External links Category:1918 films Category:American films Category:English-language films Category:American drama films Category:1910s drama films Category:Paramount Pictures films Category:Films directed by Roy William Neill Category:American black-and-white films Category:American silent feature films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Eulima townsendi Eulima townsendi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Eulima. References External links To World Register of Marine Species Category:Eulima Category:Gastropods described in 1917	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Edward F. Crawford (attorney) Edward F. Crawford (January 1, 1919 – September 25, 1975) was an American lawyer and politician from upstate New York. Biography Crawford was born on January 1, 1919, in Oswego, New York, the son of Edward F. Crawford and Mary Farley Crawford. He graduated B.A. from St. Michael's College, Toronto, in 1941, and LL.B. from Fordham Law School in 1945. He was admitted to the bar the same year, practiced law in Oswego, and entered politics as a Republican. He married Margaret M. Conlin, and they had two children. Crawford was Oswego County Attorney from 1951 to 1956. He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1957 to 1973, sitting in the 171st, 172nd, 173rd, 174th, 175th, 176th, 177th, 178th, 179th and 180th New York State Legislatures. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1967. In November 1973, he was elected to the New York Supreme Court (5th D.). Crawford died on September 25, 1975, in Crouse Irving Memorial Hospital in Syracuse, New York, of cancer. References Category:1919 births Category:1975 deaths Category:Politicians from Oswego, New York Category:New York (state) Republicans Category:Members of the New York State Assembly Category:New York Supreme Court Justices Category:St. Michael's College, Toronto, alumni Category:Fordham University School of Law alumni Category:20th-century American judges Category:20th-century American politicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2009 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's 60 metres hurdles The Men's 60 meters hurdles event at the 2009 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on March 6. Medalists Results Heats First 3 of each heat (Q) and the next 4 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals. Semifinals First 4 of each semifinals qualified directly (Q) for the final. Final References Results Category:60 metres hurdles at the European Athletics Indoor Championships Category:2009 European Athletics Indoor Championships	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Winer Winer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Ben J. Winer (1917–1984), American research psychologist Dave Winer (born 1955), American software developer Jason Winer (born 1972), American director, producer, writer Matt Winer (born 1969), American television personality Stephen Winer, American comedy writer Szlama Ber Winer (1911–1942), a Polish Jew during the Holocaust See also 15606 Winer, a main-belt asteroid, named after American physicist Irvin M. Winer (1935–1982) Wiener (disambiguation)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
SS Aeolus A number of steamships were named Aeolus, including – , a Swedish coaster that was damaged by fire in 1927 , an American ocean liner in service 1919–22 , a German Hansa A type cargo ship in service 1943–45 Category:Ship names	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Evelin Lindner Evelin Gerda Lindner (born May 13, 1954, in Hameln, Germany) is a German-Norwegian medical doctor, psychologist, transdiciplinary scholar and author who is known for her theory of humiliation. Lindner is originally a physician and a clinical psychologist, and holds doctorates in both psychological medicine and social psychology. Her research focuses on human dignity, and she believes that the humiliation of honor and dignity may be among the strongest obstacles on the way to a decent world community. She founded the Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies network. Born in Germany, she is now mainly based in Norway, where she has partially lived since 1977. She has also lived in a number of other countries, including Egypt during most of the 1980s, and is an advocate of global citizenship. Early life and education Evelin Lindner was born in 1954, into a family that was deeply scarred by the two World Wars, particularly World War II. Her parents were displaced from Silesia in 1946 to Lower Saxony, which later became part of West Germany. She has stated that her family's traumatic experiences have formed the background of her work. She graduated in psychology in 1978, and in medicine in 1984, both from the University of Hamburg. She has also studied law and sinology at the Goethe University Frankfurt and philosophy at the University of Hamburg. In 1994, she obtained her first doctorate, in Medicine (Dr. med.) from the University of Hamburg. Her thesis addressed the topic of quality of life in a comparative manner, examining the notion of a "good life" in Egypt and in Germany. In 1997 she became a research fellow at the University of Oslo Department of Psychology, where she obtained her second doctorate, in psychology, in 2001. She speaks English, German, Norwegian and French fluently and is familiar with a number of other languages, among others, Egyptian Arabic, modern Hebrew, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Indonesian, Swedish, Danish, Dutch, Spanish, and Portuguese. Work Her global life and work started in 1974, first working as a psychologist and psychological counselor and later giving seminars and talks all around the world. She has lived in many countries within Africa, Asia, Europe, and America, among others for longer periods in Norway (regularly since 1977), Germany (regularly since 1974), Egypt (1984–1991), Switzerland (regularly since 2000), France (regularly since 2001), Belgium (1984–1991), the Middle East (regularly since 1975), Somalia (1998), the Great Lakes in Africa (1999), Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma (1981), China (regularly since 1983), Japan (2004–2007), New Zealand (1983), Australia (2007, 2011), the United States (regularly since 1982). One of her main bases is Norway since 1977. (Marriage to a Norwegian in 1981, divorced in 1987.) In 1993 she founded the NGO "Better Global Understanding" in Hamburg, where she organized a peace festival under the motto "Global Responsibility", attended by more than 20,000 people. In 1994, she was a candidate in the 1994 European Parliament election. In 2001, Lindner began to develop the Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies network (HumanDHS), and in 2003 her longtime collaborator, the relational-cultural theorist Linda Hartling, joined her in her work. HumanDHS is a global transdisciplinary network and fellowship with more than 1,000 members and in the meantime over 7,000 interested persons on the address list. (see external links) Since 2001, she has been affiliated with Columbia University's Advanced Consortium on Cooperation, Conflict, and Complexity in New York and since 2003 she has also been affiliated with the Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme in Paris. Since 2003, she is the main organizer of 2 Dignity Conferences each year, 1 conference in a different world region and the other each December at Columbia University in New York City. (see external links) In 2011, the World Dignity University initiative together with Dignity Press were launched, and Dignity Press has so far (01/2020) published more than thirty books addressing human dignity and humiliation from a variety of perspectives. (see external links) In 2015, 2016, and 2017 Evelin Lindner was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by a group of critical scientists in Norway. (see external links) Books and awards Evelin Lindner has received several awards. In 2006, she was the recipient of the "2006 Swiss Association of Applied Psychology (SBAP) Award for Applied Psychology", for her unique research and independent project management skills, as well as for her advocacy for humanity in a global society. (see external links) In 2009, she received the Prisoner's Testament Award in Norway. (see external links) Her first book, Making Enemies: Humiliation and International Conflict (2006), has been honored as an "Outstanding Academic Title" by the journal Choice for 2007. In 2009 she published her second book, Emotion and Conflict: How Human Rights Can Dignify Emotion and Help Us Wage Good Conflict. Her third book, Gender, Humiliation, and Global Security was published in 2010 with a foreword by Desmond Tutu, and was highly recommended by Choice. For more books, articles, and book chapters of Evelin G. Lindner as well as for seminars, talks, videos, and presentatations see the following list of selected publications and external links further down. Selected publications From Humiliation to Dignity: For a Future of Global Solidarity, Lake Oswego, OR: World Dignity University Press, Dignity Press, 2020, ISBN: Still to come. Chipamong Chowdhury and Michael Britton (Editors) (2019): Human Dignity: Practices, Discourses, and Transformations. Essays on Dignity Studies in Honor of Evelin G. Lindner, Lake Oswego, OR: Dignity Press, 2019, . Toward a Globally Informed Psychology of Humiliation: Comment on McCauley (2017), co-authored with Linda Hartling, in American Psychologist, 72 (7), 705–06. doi: 10.1037/amp0000188. See Clark McCauley's article: McCauley, Clark (2017). "Toward a psychology of humiliation in asymmetric conflict." In The American Psychologist, 72 (3, Special Issue: Psychology of Terrorism), 255–65. doi: 10.1037/amp0000063. (see external links) Honor, Humiliation, and Terror: An explosive mix - And how we can defuse it with dignity, Lake Oswego, OR: World Dignity University Press, 2017, . Auswirkungen von Demütigung auf Menschen und Völker. In Gehirne zwischen Liebe und Krieg: Menschlichkeit im Zeitalter der Neurowissenschaften, edited by Helmut Fink and Rainer Rosenzweig. Chapter 3, pp. 41–73. 2016 Münster, Germany: mentis. (see external links) Ydmykelse, ydmykhet og demokrati. In Folkemordenes svarte bok: Politisk massevold og systematiske menneskerettsbrudd i det 20. århundret, edited by Bernt Hagtvet, Nikolai Brandal, and Dag Einar Thorsen. 2nd edition. Chapter 3, pp. 40–58. 2014 Oslo: Universitetsforlag. (see external links) A Dignity Economy: Creating an Economy Which Serves Human Dignity and Preserves Our Planet, Lake Oswego, OR: World Dignity University Press, 2012, . Gender, Humiliation, and Global Security: Dignifying Relationships from Love, Sex, and Parenthood to World Affairs, with a Foreword by Desmond Tutu, Praeger Security International, ABC-CLIO, 2010 Emotion and Conflict: How Human Rights Can Dignify Emotion and Help Us Wage Good Conflict, with a Foreword by Morton Deutsch, Praeger Security International, Greenwood, 2009 Making Enemies: Humiliation and International Conflict, with a Foreword by Morton Deutsch, Praeger Security International, Greenwood, 2006 The Psychology of Humiliation. Somalia, Rwanda / Burundi, and Hitler's Germany, Oslo: Department of Psychology, University of Oslo (dissertation, dr. psychol.), 2000 Lebensqualität im ägyptisch-deutschen Vergleich: Eine Interkulturelle Untersuchung an drei Berufsgruppen (Ärzte, Journalisten, Künstler), Universität Hamburg (dissertation, dr. med.), 1993 Women in the Global Village: Increasing Demand for Traditional Communication Patterns. In Breines, Ingeborg, Gierycz, Dorota, & Reardon, Betty (Ed.), Towards a Women's Agenda for a Culture of Peace. Paris: UNESCO, 1999, Hitler, Shame and Humiliation: The Intricate Web of Feelings among the German Population Towards Hitler. In Medlemsblad for Norske Leger Mot Atomvåpen, Med Bidrag Fra Psykologer for Fred, 1, 28-30, 2000. (see external links) Were Hitler and Siad Barre 'Robin Hoods' Who Felt Humiliated by Their Own Followers? (Part Two). In Medlemsblad for Norske Leger Mot Atomvåpen, Med Bidrag Fra Psykologer for Fred, 1, 20-23, 2001. (see external links) How Research Can Humiliate: Critical Reflections on Method. In Journal for the Study of Peace and Conflict, Annual Edition 2001 - 2002, pp. 16-36, 2001. (see external links) Humiliation - Trauma That Has Been Overlooked: an Analysis Based on Fieldwork in Germany, Rwanda / Burundi, and Somalia. In TRAUMATOLOGYe, 7 (1) Article 3 (32 pages), 2001. (see external links) Humiliation and the Human Condition: Mapping a Minefield. In Human Rights Review, 2 (2), 46-63, 2001. (see external links) References External links Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies Life and Work of Evelin G. Lindner Dignity Conferences World Dignity University initiative Affiliation to the Morton Deutsch International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution (MD-ICCCR), Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, USA Nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize Dignity Press Books, Chapters, and Articles Talks and Presentations Videos SBAP-Price 2006 "Prisoner's Testament" Peace Award 2009 Human Dignity Lifetime Award 2014 Comment on McCauley 2017 in APA, co-author Linda Hartling McCauley 2017 in APA Auswirkung von Demütigung auf Menschen und Völker Humiliation, Humility, and Democracy (Norwegian) Hitler, Shame and Humiliation, 2000 Were Hitler and Siad Barre 'Robin Hoods' Who Felt Humiliated by Their Own Followers? (Part One and Two, 2000) How Research Can Humiliate, 2001 Humiliation – Trauma That Has Been Overlooked, Article in the Journal TRAUMATOLOGY, 2001 Humiliation and the Human Condition: Mapping a Minefield, 2001 Category:Norwegian social scientists Category:German social scientists Category:Norwegian psychologists Category:German psychologists Category:University of Oslo faculty Category:American University in Cairo Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:Norwegian women academics Category:German women academics Category:People from Cairo	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bobby Ferguson (footballer, born 1945) Robert Ferguson (born 1 March 1945) is a Scottish former footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. Football career Kilmarnock Born in Ardrossan, Ferguson came through Willie Waddell's Kilmarnock youth system in the early 1960s. Ferguson took over in the first-team following an injury to Campbell Forsyth in 1964–65. He retained the goalkeeper's shirt for the remainder of the season, playing eight games and keeping four clean sheets. In 1964–65 Heart of Midlothian F.C. fought out a championship title race with Waddell's Kilmarnock. In the era of two points for a win Hearts were three points clear with two games remaining. Hearts drew with Dundee United meaning the last game of the season with the two title challengers playing each other at Tynecastle would be a league decider. Kilmarnock needed to win by a two-goal margin to take the title. Hearts entered the game as favourites with both a statistical and home advantage. They also had a solid pedigree of trophy winning under Walker. Waddell's Kilmarnock in contrast had been nearly men. Four times in the previous five seasons they had finished league runners-up including Hearts' triumph in 1960. Killie had also lost three domestic cup finals during the same period including the 1962 League Cup Final defeat to Hearts. Hearts had won five of the six senior cup finals they played in under Walker. Even the final they had lost was in a replay after drawing the first game. Hearts' Roald Jensen hit the post after six minutes. Kilmarnock then scored twice through Davie Sneddon and Brian McIlroy after 27 and 29 minutes. Alan Gordon had an excellent chance to clinch the title for Hearts in second half injury time but was denied by a Ferguson diving save pushing the ball past the post. The 2–0 defeat meant Hearts lost the title by an average of 0.042 goals. Subsequently, Hearts were instrumental in pushing through a change to use goal difference to separate teams level on points. Ironically this rule change later denied Hearts the title in 1985–86. This is the only time to date Killie's have been Scottish champions. Ferguson went on to make 73 league appearances for the club. During his time with Kilmarnock he won seven caps for Scotland. West Ham United including Sheffield Wednesday loan Ferguson was transferred east London club West Ham United for a fee of £65,000 in 1967, which at the time was a world record fee for a goalkeeper. He made his Hammers debut against Sheffield Wednesday on 19 August 1967, the first game of the 1967–68 season. Despite having to compete for the number one shirt with Peter Grotier and Mervyn Day, Ferguson still managed 276 appearances during his 13 years at West Ham. He spent time with Sheffield Wednesday on loan in 1973, making five appearances for them. The signing of Phil Parkes in February 1979 ultimately meant the end of his career at West Ham. He played his last game for the Upton Park club in a 2–1 defeat on 14 November 1979 against Chelsea, and left in 1980. He received a testimonial match in 1981, against Southampton, for which he earned £20,000. He also played reserve team football for West Ham as a winger. Adelaide City In 1981 Ferguson emigrated to Australia. He played with Adelaide City for one year and then coached the club the following year. He later coached with Vacation Soccer Schools and Burnside Rugby Club. Career after football In 1982, he ran a diving firm for six years, but gave up when a colleague was attacked by a shark. Honours Kilmarnock Scottish league champions: 1964–65 References External links Bobby Ferguson at westhamstats.info Category:1945 births Category:Adelaide City FC players Category:Association football goalkeepers Category:Kilmarnock F.C. players Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from North Ayrshire Category:Scotland international footballers Category:Scottish Football League players Category:Scottish footballers Category:Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players Category:English Football League players Category:West Ham United F.C. players Category:National Soccer League (Australia) players Category:Scottish Football League representative players Category:Scotland under-23 international footballers Category:People from Ardrossan Category:Association football players who received a testimonial Category:Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Australia Category:Scottish expatriate footballers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Shawnee Creek (Baileys Creek) Shawnee Creek is a stream in Osage and Gasconade counties of central Missouri. It is a tributary of Baileys Creek. The stream headwaters are at and the confluence with Baileys Creek is at . The stream source is just east of Missouri Route 89 and it flows north to northeast passing under Missouri Route FF and entering the Missouri River valley midway between Chamois on the west and Morrison on the east. The stream turns east and flows along the south edge of the Missouri Valley. It crosses under Missouri Route 100 northeast of Morrison and enters Baileys Creek just after entering Gasconade County. Shawnee Creek was named after Shawnee Indians in the area. See also List of rivers of Missouri References Category:Rivers of Gasconade County, Missouri Category:Rivers of Osage County, Missouri Category:Rivers of Missouri	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Anna Jordan Anna Jordan is an award-winning, English playwright, director and acting tutor. Her work has been presented at The Royal Court, Royal Exchange (Manchester) and internationally, with several productions of her plays in the United States and Germany, versions in Sweden, Ireland and productions planned in New Zealand, Canada and Turkey. Biography Jordan grew up in Brentford, West London, with a theatrical family. Although both parents were actors, her journey after graduating from LAMDA drama school was not easy, so she began making and writing her own work. She then set up her own company, Without A Paddle, now a multiple award-winning theatre company and network. Style “There’s an obsession with discovering young, debut writers that carries an unrealistic burden of expectation,” Jordan says. “Even though winning the Bruntwood opened all sorts of doors, I’m hopefully a lot more level-headed about it than I would have been 10 years ago. 'Yen' isn’t my first play, but my seventh or eighth full-length piece.” She said that she does not "believe in writing plays without humour and hope." Among her favorite writers are Jim Cartwright, Simon Stephens, David Eldridge and Sarah Kane. However, she states that her "first and greatest inspiration was John Sullivan’s 'Only Fools and Horses'." Credits Jordan directed Tomorrow I’ll Be Happy by Jonathan Harvey for Lost Theatre as part of National Theatre Connections. The play ran from 27 February 2013 to 2 March 2013. The British Theatre Guide reviewer of her play Chicken Shop wrote: "She is indubitably one of the hottest young talents around, so race to both the Park and 503 to catch her two fine plays while you have the chance." Chicken Shop won the London Fringe Production of the Year' Award for 2014. Her play Freak premiered at the Assembly George Square Studios, Edinburgh, from 31 July 2014 to 25 August 2014, produced by Theatre 503 and Polly Ingham Productions. The British Theatre Guide reviewer wrote: "With two assured performances and a strong text, 'Freak' proves to be both lively and thoughtful and should prove very popular, especially with younger women." The play then ran at Theatre 503 in London from 2 September 2014 to 27 September 2014. Her play Yen premiered at the Royal Exchange, Manchester in February 2015. The play revolves around two teen brothers who live alone, having been abandoned by their mother. Yen opened Off-Broadway in a MCC Theater production on 31 January 2017 at the Lucille Lortel Theatre. Directed by Trip Cullman, the cast features Justice Smith, Ari Graynor, and Lucas Hedges. In his review of the Off-Broadway production for The New York Times, Ben Brantley wrote: " 'Yen' is a thoughtful play, for sure, but too often you’re aware of the wheels churning behind it. And while everything clicks thematically (and symbolically), you may feel that the characters are being pushed into climactic positions by authorial hands...The production is most articulate at its least verbal, when the cast members give fractured physical life to their emotional confusion. " Acting tutor Jordan is currently establishing a new, low-cost training programme for actors at the Hackney Showroom. She has taught and directed at Italia Conti, Arts Ed, RADA and Identity, and has written for LAMDA and Central School of Speech and Drama. She coaches privately and runs the WAP Weekly Workout for Professional Actors. Plays Yen (2015), premiered at Royal Exchange, Manchester, directed by Ned Bennett. Chicken Shop (2014), premiered at Park Theatre, directed by Jemma Gross, 2014 Freak (2014), Premiered at Assembly George Square Studios for the Edinburgh Festival and transferred to Theatre503 (London). Directed by Anna Jordan. Awards and honors Yen won the Bruntwood Prize for Playwriting in 2013 Susan Smith Blackburn Prize 2015–16 Finalist for Yen West End Frame Fringe Production of the Year Award 2014 for Chicken Shop Overall Winner and Audience Award in the inaugural Off Cut Festival for her play Closer To God and Best New Writing in the Lost One Act Festival for Just For Fun – Totally Random The production of Tomorrow I'll Be Happy was one of ten plays out of 230 country-wide chosen to be performed at The National Theatre Shed. References Category:Living people Category:British dramatists and playwrights Category:British women writers Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ubiratã Ubiratã is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. See also List of municipalities in Paraná References Category:Municipalities in Paraná	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tommaso Maestrelli Tommaso Maestrelli (; 7 October 1922 – 2 December 1976) was an Italian footballer and manager, who played as a midfielder. He was well known for leading Lazio to their first ever Serie A title during the 1973–74 season. Honours Managerial honours Lazio Serie A (1): 1973–74 Reggina Serie C (1): 1964–65 Individual honours Seminatore d'oro (2): 1968–69 (with Foggia), 1973–74 (with Lazio) References External links Tommaso Maestrelli at Retestadio Category:1922 births Category:1976 deaths Category:Italian footballers Category:Italy international footballers Category:Serie A players Category:Serie B players Category:S.S.C. Bari players Category:A.S. Roma players Category:S.S.D. Lucchese 1905 players Category:Italian football managers Category:Reggina 1914 managers Category:Calcio Foggia 1920 S.S.D. managers Category:S.S. Lazio managers Category:Footballers at the 1948 Summer Olympics Category:Association football midfielders	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pauline Toner Pauline Therese Toner (16 March 1935 – 3 March 1989) was the first female cabinet minister in the Parliament of Victoria. A member of the Labor Party, she was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1977 and was Minister for Community Welfare Services from 1982 to 1985. She resigned from Parliament in 1989 and died on 3 March 1989. Biography Toner was born in Horsham, Victoria, the third child of William and Madge Hoare. After attending the Brigidine Convent in Horsham, she trained as a primary school teacher, then attended university, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts (University of Melbourne) and a Bachelor of Education (La Trobe University). In 1962 she married architect Brian Toner (d. 2008) and they had five children: Jane, Madeline, Rachel, Lucy and Denis. Illness forced her resignation from parliament on 28 February 1989, and she died of cancer three days later on 3 March. Career Following her early teaching career, Toner became a lecturer at the State College of Victoria. She joined the Labor Party (ALP) in 1968 and was elected to the Diamond Valley Shire Council in 1973, becoming shire president in 1977. She was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in a by-election in 1977, winning the seat of Greensborough for the ALP, and became the opposition spokeswoman on community services and women's affairs. When the ALP formed government in 1982, Toner became the Minister for Community Welfare Services, and the first woman to hold a ministerial position in the Victorian Parliament. She held that office until 1985, and continued to serve as a backbencher until her resignation in 1989. Toner's work focussed on the rights of children, and her legacy includes the introduction of laws that made it easier for adoptees to obtain information about their adoption. She also implemented funding for Neighbourhood Houses. In 1986 the Eltham Copper Butterfly (Paralucia pyrodiscus lucida), thought to be extinct, was rediscovered in the Greensborough electorate. Toner campaigned successfully to acquire land for the protection of this threatened species. References Category:1935 births Category:1989 deaths Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria Category:Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly Category:Women mayors of places in Australia Category:University of Melbourne alumni Category:La Trobe University alumni Category:Australian schoolteachers Category:Deaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia) Category:20th-century Australian politicians Category:People from Horsham, Victoria Category:20th-century women politicians Category:Women members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Joseph Partridge Joseph Partridge may refer to: Joseph Partridge (historian) (1724–1796), English clergyman, schoolteacher and historian Joseph Edward Crawshay Partridge (1879–1965), Welsh rugby union player and soldier Joe Partridge (1932–1988), South African cricketer	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
University of Zadar The University of Zadar (, ) is a university located in Zadar, Croatia. The university in its current modern form was founded in 2002, but can trace its lineage to 1396, thus making it the oldest tertiary institution in Croatia and one of the oldest in Europe. History The original University of Zadar was founded by the Dominicans in 1396 as Universitas Iadertina, a theological seminary, Iadera being the Latin version of Zadar. The university was a continuation of the University of Dyrrachium, in Durrës (Dyrrhachium), Albania, then Medieval Kingdom of Albania, which had been created around 1380, and then transferred to Zadar in 1396, amid the mounting Turkish threats in South-eastern Europe, thereby becoming the University of Zadar. It was the first institute of higher learning in the country. In 1807 it ceased to become an independent institution and its functions were taken over by other local universities. In 1956 the University of Zagreb, the country's second oldest university, re-established it as its satellite Faculty of Arts campus. The faculty later became a part of the University of Split. More than six centuries after the original university's founding, in 2002, the Croatian Parliament passed an act to allow for its re-founding as a full-fledged independent university. The new University of Zadar opened its doors to students in January 2003. Since its reestablishment, the university has continued to grow from strength to strength. The Bologna process was implemented for the 2005-06 academic year as with all Croatian universities. A follow-up study a year later showed that the move greatly benefited University and has increased its profile internationally. This allowed it to engage in collaborative research agreements and student exchange programmes with other reputable universities around the continent. It also has agreements with universities in South America and the United States. First Croatian president, Franjo Tuđman, graduated on University of Zadar on 28 December 1965, which was then part of University of Zagreb. Faculties Today, the University of Zadar is the largest integrated university in the Republic of Croatia, which includes 25 university departments: Department of Archaeology Department of Classical Philology Division of Greek Language and Literature Division of Latin Language and Literature Department of Croatian and Slavic Studies Division of Croatian Language and Literature Division of Russian Language and Literature Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture Department of Economics Department of English Department of Ethnology and Anthropology Department of French Language and Ibero-Romance Studies Division of French Language and Literature Division of Iberoromance Studies Department of Geography Department of German Studies Department of Health Studies Department of History Department of History of Art Department of Information Sciences Department of Italian Studies Department of Linguistics Maritime department Division of Nautical Studies Division of Maritime Engineering Department of Pedagogy Department of Philosophy Department of Psychology Department of Religious Sciences Department of Sociology Department of Teacher Education Studies in Gospić Department of Teachers and Preschool Teachers Education Division of Elementary School Teacher Education Division of Preschool Teacher Education Department of Tourism and Communication Studies In order to organise and promote scientific-research activities, the university has founded four scientific-research centres as its constituent units. These include: the Centre for Adriatic Onomastic Research, Centre Stjepan Matičević, Centre for Karst and Coastal Research and Centre for Interdisciplinary Marine and Maritime Research - CIMMAR. In addition, there are two active centres for professional and teaching activities: the Centre for Gymnastics and Student Sport and the Centre for Foreign Languages. See also List of universities in Croatia Zadar References External links University of Zadar Website Department of Linguistics at the University of Zadar Website Info Zadar Category:Educational institutions established in the 14th century Category:Universities and colleges in Croatia Category:1396 establishments in Europe	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hashcash Hashcash is a proof-of-work system used to limit email spam and denial-of-service attacks, and more recently has become known for its use in bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) as part of the mining algorithm. Hashcash was proposed in 1997 by Adam Back and described more formally in Back's paper "Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter-Measure". Background A similar idea was first proposed by Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor and Eli Ponyatovski in their 1992 paper "Pricing via Processing or Combatting Junk Mail", How it works Hashcash is a cryptographic hash-based proof-of-work algorithm that requires a selectable amount of work to compute, but the proof can be verified efficiently. For email uses, a textual encoding of a hashcash stamp is added to the header of an email to prove the sender has expended a modest amount of CPU time calculating the stamp prior to sending the email. In other words, as the sender has taken a certain amount of time to generate the stamp and send the email, it is unlikely that they are a spammer. The receiver can, at negligible computational cost, verify that the stamp is valid. However, the only known way to find a header with the necessary properties is brute force, trying random values until the answer is found; though testing an individual string is easy, satisfactory answers are rare enough that it will require a substantial number of tries to find the answer. The hypothesis is that spammers, whose business model relies on their ability to send large numbers of emails with very little cost per message, will cease to be profitable if there is even a small cost for each spam they send. Receivers can verify whether a sender made such an investment and use the results to help filter email. Technical details The header line looks something like this: X-Hashcash: 1:20:1303030600:[email protected]::McMybZIhxKXu57jd:ckvi The header contains: ver: Hashcash format version, 1 (which supersedes version 0). bits: Number of "partial pre-image" (zero) bits in the hashed code. date: The time that the message was sent, in the format . resource: Resource data string being transmitted, e.g., an IP address or email address. ext: Extension (optional; ignored in version 1). rand: String of random characters, encoded in base-64 format. counter: Binary counter, encoded in base-64 format. The header contains the recipient's email address, the date of the message, and information proving that the required computation has been performed. The presence of the recipient's email address requires that a different header be computed for each recipient. The date allows the recipient to record headers received recently and to ensure that the header is unique to the email message. Sender's side The sender prepares a header and appends a counter value initialized to a random number. It then computes the 160-bit SHA-1 hash of the header. If the first 20 bits (i.e. the 5 most significant hex digits) of the hash are all zeros, then this is an acceptable header. If not, then the sender increments the counter and tries the hash again. Out of 2160 possible hash values, there are 2140 hash values that satisfy this criterion. Thus the chance of randomly selecting a header that will have 20 zeros as the beginning of the hash is 1 in 220 (approx. 106, or about one in a million). The number of times that the sender needs to try to get a valid hash value is modeled by geometric distribution. Hence the sender will on average have to try 220 values to find a valid header. Given reasonable estimates of the time needed to compute the hash, this would take about one second to find. No more efficient method than this brute force approach is known to find a valid header. A normal user on a desktop PC would not be significantly inconvenienced by the processing time required to generate the Hashcash string. However, spammers would suffer significantly due to the large number of spam messages sent by them. Recipient's side Technically the system is implemented with the following steps: The recipient's computer calculates the 160-bit SHA-1 hash of the entire string (e.g., ). This takes about two microseconds on a 1 GHz machine, far less time than the time it takes for the rest of the e-mail to be received. If the first 20 bits are not all zero, the hash is invalid. (Later versions may require more bits to be zero as machine processing speeds increase.) The recipient's computer checks the date in the header (e.g., , which represents the date 8 Apr 2006). If it is not within two days of the current date, it is invalid. (The two-day window compensates for clock skew and network routing time between different systems.) The recipient's computer checks whether the e-mail address in the hash string matches any of the valid e-mail addresses registered by the recipient, or matches any of the mailing lists to which the recipient is subscribed. If a match is not found, the hash string is invalid. The recipient's computer inserts the hash string into a database. If the string is already in the database (indicating that an attempt is being made to re-use the hash string), it is invalid. If the hash string passes all of these tests, it is considered a valid hash string. All of these tests take far less time and disk space than receiving the body content of the e-mail. Required effort The time needed to compute such a hash collision is exponential with the number of zero bits. So zero bits can be added (doubling the amount of time needed to compute a hash with each additional zero bit) until it is too expensive for spammers to generate valid header lines. Confirming that the header is valid is very much faster and always takes the same amount of time, no matter how many zero bits are required for a valid header, since this requires only a single hashing operation. Advantages and disadvantages The Hashcash system has the advantage over micropayment proposals applying to legitimate e-mail that no real money is involved. Neither the sender nor recipient need to pay, thus the administrative issues involved with any micropayment system and moral issues related to charging for e-mail are entirely avoided. On the other hand, as Hashcash requires potentially significant computational resources to be expended on each e-mail being sent, it is somewhat difficult to tune the ideal amount of average time one wishes clients to expend computing a valid header. This can mean sacrificing accessibility from low-end embedded systems or else running the risk of hostile hosts not being challenged enough to provide an effective filter from spam. Hashcash is also fairly simple to implement in mail user agents and spam filters. No central server is needed. Hashcash can be incrementally deployed—the extra Hashcash header is ignored when it is received by mail clients that do not understand it. One plausible analysis concluded that only one of the following cases is likely: either non-spam e-mail will get stuck due to lack of processing power of the sender, or spam e-mail is bound to still get through. Examples of each include, respectively, a centralized e-mail topology (like a mailing list), in which some server is to send an enormous amount of legitimate e-mails, and botnets or cluster farms with which spammers can increase their processing power enormously. Most of these issues may be addressed. E.g., botnets may expire faster because users notice the high CPU load and take counter-measures, and mailing list servers can be registered in white lists on the subscribers' hosts and thus be relieved from the hashcash challenges. But they represent serious obstacles to hashcash deployment that remain to be addressed. Another projected problem is that computers continue to get faster according to Moore's law. So the difficulty of the calculations required must be increased over time. However, developing countries can be expected to use older hardware, which means that they will find it increasingly difficult to participate in the e-mail system. This also applies to lower-income individuals in developed countries who cannot afford the latest hardware. Like hashcash, cryptocurrencies use a hash function as their proof-of-work system. The rise of cryptocurrency has created a demand for ASIC-based mining machines. Although most cryptocurrencies use the SHA-256 hash function, the same ASIC technology could be used to create hashcash solvers that are three orders of magnitude faster than a consumer CPU, reducing the computational hurdle for spammers. Applications Bitcoin mining In contrast to hashcash in mail applications that relies on recipients to set manually an amount of work intended to deter malicious senders, the Bitcoin cryptocurrency network employs a different hashing-based proof-of-work challenge to enable competitive bitcoin mining. A bitcoin miner runs a computer program that collects unconfirmed transactions from coin dealers in the network. With other data these can form a block and earn a payment to the miner, but a block is accepted by the network only when the miner discovers by trial and error a "nonce" number that when included in the block yields a hash with a sufficient number of leading zero bits to meet the network's difficulty target. Blocks accepted from miners form the bitcoin blockchain that is a growing ledger of every bitcoin transaction since the coin's first creation. While hashcash uses the SHA-1 hash and requires the first 20 of 160 hash bits to be zero, bitcoin's proof of work uses two successive SHA-256 hashes and originally required at least the first 32 of 256 hash bits to be zero. However the bitcoin network periodically resets the difficulty level to keep the average rate of block creation at 6 per hour. As of January 2020 block #614525 the bitcoin network has responded to deployments of ever faster hashing hardware by miners by hardening the requirement to first 74 of 256 hash bits must be zero. Spam filters Hashcash is used as a potential solution for false positives with automated spam filtering systems, as legitimate users will rarely be inconvenienced by the extra time it takes to mine a stamp. SpamAssassin has been able to check for Hashcash stamps since version 2.70, assigning a negative score (i.e. less likely to be spam) for valid, unspent Hashcash stamps. However, although the hashcash plugin is not initially on by default, it still needs to be configured with a list of address patterns that must match against the Hashcash resource field, so it doesn't actually work by default. Email clients The Penny Post software project on SourceForge implements Hashcash in the Mozilla Thunderbird email client. The project is named for the historical availability of conventional mailing services that cost the sender just one penny; see Penny Post for information about such mailing services in history. Email Postmark Microsoft also designed and implemented a now deprecated open spec, similar to and yet incompatible with Hashcash, Email Postmark, as part of their Coordinated Spam Reduction Initiative (CSRI). The Microsoft email postmark variant of Hashcash is implemented in the Microsoft mail infrastructure components Exchange, Outlook and Hotmail. The format differences between Hashcash and Microsoft's email postmark is that postmark hashes the body in addition to the recipient, and uses a modified SHA-1 as the hash function and uses multiple sub-puzzles to reduce proof of work variance. Blogs Like e-mail, blogs often fall victim to comment spam. Some blog owners have used hashcash scripts written in the JavaScript language to slow down comment spammers. Some scripts (such as wp-hashcash) claim to implement hashcash but instead depend on JavaScript obfuscation to force the client to generate a matching key; while this does require some processing power, it does not use the hashcash algorithm or hashcash stamps. Intellectual property Hashcash is not patented, and the reference implementation and most of the other implementations are free software. Hashcash is included or available for many Linux distributions. RSA has made IPR statements to the IETF about client-puzzles in the context of an RFC that described client-puzzles (not hashcash). The RFC included hashcash in the title and referenced hashcash, but the mechanism described in it is a known-solution interactive challenge which is more akin to Client-Puzzles; hashcash is non-interactive and therefore does not have a known solution. In any case RSA's IPR statement can not apply to hashcash because hashcash predates (March 1997) the client-puzzles publication (February 1999) and the client-puzzles patent filing US7197639 (February 2000). See also Penny Black (research project) Notes References Adam Back, "Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter-Measure", technical report, August 2002 (PDF). Ben Laurie and Richard Clayton, "'Proof-of-Work' Proves Not to Work", WEIS 04. (PDF). Dwork, C. and Naor, M. (1992) "Pricing via Processing or Combating Junk Mail", Crypto '92, pp. 139–147. (PDF) External links Hashcash homepage Beat spam using hashcash David Mertz's article on hashcash, its applications and an implementation in Python RSA IPR note to the IETF about hashcash (2004) Category:Cryptographic protocols Category:Spam filtering Category:Email authentication	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Maude Delap Maude Jane Delap (7 December 1866 – 23 July 1953) was a self-taught marine biologist, known for being the first person to breed jellyfish in captivity, and thus observed their full life cycle for the first time. She was also involved in extensive study of plankton from the coasts of Valentia Island. Early life and education Maude Delap was born in Templecrone Rectory, County Donegal, the seventh child of ten of Rev Alexander Delap and Anna Jane (née Goslett). In 1874, when Maude was aged 8, the family moved to Valentia Island when her father became the rector of the island and Cahirciveen. Maude and her sisters received very little formal education in contrast to their brothers, though they benefited from some progressive primary school teaching. Maude and her sister Constance were encouraged in their interest in zoology and biology from their father, who himself published notes in the Irish Naturalist and elsewhere. Collecting and research Maude, and her sister Constance, were prolific collectors of marine specimens many of which are now housed within the collections of the Natural History Museum, Dublin. Based on their work a survey was undertaken by the Royal Irish Academy headed by Edward T. Browne of University College London in 1895 and 1896, a precursor to the Clare Island Survey. Following this collaboration Maude and Constance continued to collect specimens through dredging and tow-netting as well as recording sea temperature and changes in marine life. Maude kept in correspondence with Browne, sending specimens and drawings, until his death in 1937. Delap became increasingly interested in the life cycle of various species of jellyfish, being the first person to successfully breed them in captivity in her home laboratory using home made aquariums. She bred Chrysaora isosceles and Cyanea lamarckii in bell jars and published the results, observing their breeding and feeding habits. It was due to this pioneering work that the first identification of the various life cycle stages (medusa and hydra) belong to which species. Her laboratory was referred to as the department which her nephew, Peter Delap, described as an "heroic jumble of books, specimens, aquaria, with its pervasive low-tide smell." Due to her contributions to marine biology she was offered a position in 1906 in the Plymouth Marine Biological Station, she declined due to her father's reaction, which reputedly was "No daughter of mine will leave home, except as a married woman." Delap's interest continued in many forms of flora and fauna, which included the identification of a True's beaked whale which washed up on the island. This was a whale species that was previously only known from an incomplete specimen from the United States. Later life and recognition Delap had a sea anemone named in her honour, Edwardsia delapiae, which she first recorded in eelgrass on Valentia Island's shores. This anemone is found in shallow sea water and it is unknown outside Valentia Island. The naming had been suggested by Thomas Alan Stephenson in his book British sea anemones. Stephenson notes in his book that "Miss Delap's skill and persistence in collecting rare species are indefatigable." In 1936 Delap was made an associate of the Linnean Society of London. She died in July 1953, having been predeceased by all of her siblings, and was buried alongside her sisters near Knightstown, County Kerry. A plaque was erected to her in 1998 on Valentia Island by the Irish National Committee for Commemorative Plaques in Science and Technology. Maude was also the subject of an art work by Dorothy Cross, exploring her life and interaction with contemporary scientists and artists. Publications Browne, Edward Thomas and Delap, Maude Jane (1890) Notebooks, Drawings and Papers on Hydrozoa and Other Coelenterates from Valencia, Port Erin, Plymouth and Elsewhere Delap, Maude Jane (1899) Diary Recording Observations on Coelenterata and Other Marine Animals Around Valencia, Ireland References Category:1866 births Category:1953 deaths Category:19th-century Irish people Category:20th-century Irish people Category:People from County Donegal Category:Irish zoologists Category:Irish botanists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Triepeolus simplex Triepeolus simplex, the cuckoo bee, is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. It is found in North America. References Further reading External links Category:Nomadinae Category:Articles created by Qbugbot Category:Insects described in 1903	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Racing Engineering Racing Engineering is a Spanish racing team founded in 1999 by Alfonso de Orléans-Borbón that currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series. The team's headquarters are located in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, near Jerez, where all car preparation and race team organization is based. The team has won 12 championship in many categories including Spanish Formula 3, World Series by Nissan, and GP2 Series. Notable former Racing Engineering drivers include Sebastian Vettel, Lucas di Grassi, Alexander Rossi and Justin Wilson. History In 2000, Racing Engineering was the first Spanish team to participate in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, doing so in the GT Class with a Porsche 911 GT3-R. In ten years of history, the team has won eleven championship titles, which is a record for any motor racing team in such a brief period of time. Racing Engineering has participated in categories such as the Spanish GT Championship, Spanish Formula Three, in which Racing Engineering won all six consecutive championships in which it participated, World Series by Nissan and more recently, in the GP2 Series, the main feeder championship for Formula 1. Racing Engineering participated in the Spanish Formula Three championship between 2001 and 2006 and were team champions in each of those years. The team featured names such as Nicolas Prost, Sebastian Vettel, Sébastien Buemi, Ricardo Mauricio, Álvaro Parente and Miguel Molina among their drivers. They also achieved the drivers’ title with Ander Vilariño in 2001, Ricardo Mauricio in 2003 and Borja Garcia in 2004. The team also participated in the World Series by Nissan in 2002 and 2003. Winning the team championship in 2002 and were vice-champions in 2003. In 2005 Racing Engineering embarked in a new adventure and joined the newly created GP2 Series. Since 2007, all efforts of the Spanish team are solely focused on this championship. In 2005 Racing Engineering featured the Swiss Neel Jani and the recently crowned Spanish Formula 3 champion Borja Garcia. The team finished the season fifth in the teams’ championship. For 2006, Racing Engineering signed Briton Adam Carroll and the young Spanish Javier Villa. The team finished the year in seventh position. In 2007, Racing Engineering continued its GP2 participation with the young Javier Villa, who once more was the youngest driver in the field. The Spaniard celebrated three victories in the Racing Engineering car. For the 2008 season, the drivers were Javier Villa, in his third season in the championship with the team, and Giorgio Pantano, another veteran. Pantano celebrated an amazing season and claimed the drivers' title, whilst the team finished in fourth position. For the 2009 season, Racing Engineering signed the young Spaniard Dani Clos for his debut in the category and Brazilian Lucas di Grassi, who was also the third driver for the Renault F1 Team. The Spanish rookie achieved his first podium at the Portimao round, whilst Di Grassi was third in the championship and, for the 2010 season, graduated to F1. For the 2010 season Dani Clos continued with the team. Whilst continuing with their policy of having an experienced driver and giving a chance to a rookie, Racing Engineering signed the German newcomer Christian Vietoris, vice-champion of the 2009 F3 Euroseries. Dani Clos has been in the fight for the drivers’ championship right up until the penultimate round, having achieved pole position in Monaco and having won the sprint race in Istanbul, as well as finishing on the podium several times during the season. Christian Vietoris achieved his first win in the championship during the sprint race in Monza after a rocket start. For the last round in Abu Dhabi, Vietoris suffered an appendecitis at the last minute, with Racing engineering being able to secure Ho-Pin Tung as a replacement just in time for the practice session. Dani Clos ended the season just one point shy of being third in the championship, whilst Racing Engineering finished the season in fourth position in the teams' table. For the 2011 GP2 season, Racing Engineering competed in the Asia Series for the first time, with Nathanaël Berthon joining Clos on the driving strength. Clos took victory in the final race of the truncated season, elevating the team to ninth in the championship. Vietoris returned for the main series, replacing Berthon, but was then injured and sat out four races, for which he was replaced by Álvaro Parente. After Vietoris' return, he won two races and finished ninth in the drivers' championship, ahead of Clos (ninth) and Parente (16th), who also raced for the Carlin team later in the year. Racing Engineering finished a career-best third in the teams' championship, behind Addax and DAMS. In 2012, Racing Engineering signed Fabio Leimer and rookie Nathanaël Berthon for the 2012 season, the Asia Series having been discontinued. Leimer finished seventh in the drivers' championship with six podium finishes, a pole position and two fastest laps; Berthon was twelfth with two second-placed finishes. The team manage to get to fourth place in the teams' championship. In 2013 Racing Engineering finished the GP2 Team’s Championship in third with Fabio Leimer and Julian Leal behind the wheels of the Spanish team’s cars. The young Swiss Fabio Leimer was crowned 2013 GP2 Champion at the YAS Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, while his teammate Julian Leal finished the season as 12th in the overall standings. In 2014, the team signed Stefano Coletti and Ferrari junior Raffaele Marciello as their drivers for the 2014 season. The team achieved three victories and finished fourth in the teams' championship, with Coletti finishing 6th and Marciello 8th in the drivers' championship. For 2015, Racing Engineering signed Jordan King as one of their drivers. On February 27, the team confirmed Alexander Rossi for a drive in the 2015 season. The team finished second in the standings with Rossi scoring three wins and finishing runner-up. The team retained King for the 2016 season whilst signing Norman Nato and retained second in the championship with four wins from the pair. For the 2017 season, Nyck de Vries and Gustav Malja were signed to the team. The 2018 season sees the Spanish team compete in the European Le Mans Series, which means a return to endurance racing for Racing Engineering. The team will compete with an LMP2 car. For the 2019 season, Racing Engineering will compete in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series. Three-time Euro Series champion Ander Vilariño, who won the Spanish Formula Three championship with the team in 2001, returns to the team to compete in the No. 48 Ford Mustang in the Elite 1 class. He will be partnered by 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Rookie of the Year Myatt Snider in the Elite 2 class. The team would also field Romain Iannetta and Eric Clément in the No. 88 Ford Mustang in the Elite 1 and Elite 2 class respectively. Results NASCAR Whelen Euro Series – Elite 1 Season still in progress. NASCAR Whelen Euro Series – Elite 2 Season still in progress. European Le Mans Series FIA Formula 2 Championship GP2 Series † Tung also competed in 14 races for DAMS in 2010. ‡ Parente also competed in 8 races for Carlin in 2011. World Series by Nissan Spanish Formula 3 Reference: GP2 and Formula 3000 entrylist and complete results Timeline References External links Official website GP2 Series Official website Category:Spanish auto racing teams Category:GP2 Series teams Category:Euroformula Open Championship teams Category:Auto racing teams established in 1999 Category:1999 establishments in Spain Category:FIA Formula 2 Championship teams Category:NASCAR teams	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1966 Italian Athletics Championships The 1966 Italian Athletics Championships was the 56th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Florence (track & field events). Champions Men Women References External links Italian Athletics Federation Italian Athletics Championships Athletics Category:Italian Athletics Outdoor Championships Category:Athletics competitions in Italy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Robert and Judi Newman Center for Performing Arts The Robert and Judi Newman Center for the Performing Arts is located on the University of Denver campus in Denver, Colorado at the southwest corner of E. Iliff Ave. and S. University Blvd. Robert and Judi Newman were asked by then Chancellor Daniel L. Ritchie to spearhead the fundraising effort for the Center. They also made a substantial donation to the Center's fundraising efforts. The Newman Center officially opened in the fall of 2002 with the commencement of classes, and the three main performance venues officially opened in spring 2003. While the Newman Center appears from the outside to be one large building, it actually consists of six distinct buildings, each with its own foundation, separated one from another by two inch gaps for acoustical isolation. The Center is divided into many academic and rehearsal spaces as well as multiple performance venues, including Virginia E. Trevorrow Hall on the north end of the building, which houses the Lamont School of Music, and includes other academic and rehearsal facilities. The three main performance venues are located on the main floor of the Center and include June Swaner Gates Concert Hall, an opera house with nearly 1,000 seats, Frederic C. Hamilton Family Recital Hall, an intimate recital space of 222 seats, and Elizabeth Eriksen Byron Theatre, a black box theater seating up to 350. The Galen and Ada Belle Spencer Foundation Meet-the-Artist Room serves as a reception room for many events. The Newman Center hosts nearly 500 performances each season, including theatre, dance, jazz, world and classical music. Up to 150,000 people each season attend events in the Newman Center for the Performing Arts. Performers include international touring artists, local performing arts organizations, as well as the award-winning musicians, singers and thespians of the University of Denver. The University's own "Newman Center Presents" series is a multi-disciplinary, multi-cultural offering of renowned touring artists. It was inaugurated in the fall of 2003. Newman Center Presents mixes well-known performers with rising stars from around the world. Almost half of the artists presented by NCP have never appeared in Denver before. NCP regularly commissions new works and provides educational residency activities for students of the University and pre-college students. Most of the performances in the Newman Center are open to the general public as well as University faculty and students. June Swaner Gates Concert Hall This venue is the most widely used performance space in the Newman Center. It is known for its great acoustics, which were designed by Kirkegaard Associates. Gates Concert Hall has a large performing stage, an orchestra pit, a Wenger orchestra shell used for full symphony and chamber orchestras, and tiered seating for the audience. The HVAC system for the Hall is underground, thus isolating mechanical noise. Air conditioned and heated air is supplied through hundreds of vents in the floors of the Hall so that large volumes of air can be moved very slowly, thus reducing the "white noise" created by blown air. The walls of the Hall are hand-applied plaster, and the shaping of the walls along with this material helps create the outstanding acoustics. Acoustical banners can be raised and lowered via a winch system in the attic, thus increasing or decreasing natural reverberation, as appropriate depending on the nature of the event taking place. Gates Concert Hall is used for operatic, musical and dance shows as well as jazz, classical music, corporate presentations, memorial services, and other events. It seats from 849 to 971 people, depending on the configuration of the pits. Gates Concert Hall includes multiple 9-foot New York Steinway pianos, the newest one acquired in the fall of 2013 through the generous support of the University of Denver/Newman Center, the Newman Family Foundation, and the Denver Friends of Chamber Music. Joy Burns Plaza This is the main gathering space in the Newman Center and serves as a lounge and study area for staff and students during the day and as a lobby for performances that take place during the evenings. The Plaza is elegant with a high vaulted ceiling, large clerestory windows, tall columns, alabaster chandeliers, Italian travertine floors and custom-made furniture by Daniel Strawn. The M Allan Frank Family Box Office is located in the Plaza, which is where tickets for performances may be purchased. Tickets are also available online at www.newmantix.com. Frederic C. Hamilton Family Recital Hall This hall is used for recital performances by the students and faculty members of the Lamont School of Music, but is also available for public rental. Hamilton Hall includes a 9-foot Hamburg Steinway concert grand piano and the William K. Coors organ, a 2,850-pipe tracker action organ designed and built by Karl Schuke Berliner Orgelbauwerkstatt in Berlin, Germany. It seats 222 people. As with Gates Concert Hall, acoustical banners can be raised and lowered via a winch system in the attic, thus increasing or decreasing natural reverberation, as appropriate depending on the nature of the event taking place. Elizabeth Eriksen Byron Theatre Also known as the "Byron Flexible Theatre," or just "the Flex," this space is used for theatre students to learn the practice of theatre production. The theatre is capable of making more than 40 different seating and staging arrangements and has an adjacent rehearsal room. There are some professional performances shown in this theatre, especially during the University of Denver's winter and summer breaks. It seats up to 350 people. Virginia E. Trevorrow Hall This is the north wing of the Newman Center and its facilities are mainly used by the Lamont School of Music faculty, staff and music majors. The Lamont School of Music has approximately three hundred music majors as well as non-music majors who use the facilities throughout the year. The following facilities are included in this hall. Academic facilities The academic spaces include Lamont offices (Main Administrative Office, PR Office and Lamont Admissions), state-of-the-art classrooms, 42 faculty studios, 35 student practice rooms on the Morey C. Ballantine Student Floor, the Marvin and Judi Wolf Conference Room (22-seat boardroom style meeting space), a recording studio which contains a drum booth (with walls lined with river rocks for acoustical reasons), an electronic piano lab, the Bonfils-Stanton Foundation Music Library, and a student lounge. Rehearsal facilities There are various rehearsal and practice rooms that are available to both faculty and students on a regular basis. The Carol L. Moore Vocal Rehearsal Room is the main rehearsal space for the Lamont School of Music Opera and Choral programs. The Instrumental Rehearsal Room is the main rehearsal space for the Lamont Symphony Orchestra, the Lamont Wind Ensemble and the Pioneer Pep Band. There is also a Jazz Rehearsal Room, which is used by the Jazz Studies program at the school. Virtual Practice Rooms are also available that are equipped with Virtual Room Acoustic Systems, which electronically create reverberations in a small space so the acoustics in the rooms can sound like a variety of spaces, from a large concert hall or cathedral to a small, acoustically "dead" club. On the Morey C. Ballantine 5th floor, there are various Student Practice Rooms, which are available for student use on a first-come, first-served basis and are each equipped with a piano. The Lamont School of Music was the 27th "All Steinway" music school in the U.S. Carl and Lisa Williams Recital Salon This room is used for solo recitals, chamber music recitals and rehearsals, and a large lecture classroom. It is the venue used for "Flo's Underground," a free, live jazz performance on Fridays during the academic year from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm given by current Lamont jazz students. It seats 80 people. Performing Arts Series and Seasons Newman Center Presents The Center's primary series open to the public, Newman Center Presents currently hosts 20-25 performing artists each season. The series began during the Newman Center's inaugural season, 2003-04. Performance History Art in the Newman Center Exterior Works Bas Relief Sculptures The exterior of the Newman Center includes three sculptures created by Denver artists Madeleine Weiner and Kathy Caricof. The two M Allan and Margot Gilbert Frank Bas Relief Carvings on the north facade of the Newman Center were designed to act as "bookends" on the north wall of Trevorrow Hall, home of the Lamont School of Music. The artists wished to depict and celebrate music, specifically jazz (trumpet, bass, drum and saxophone) and classical (opera, horn and violin). The figures and instruments are carved in an energetic style, a constant reminder of the music being created behind the walls. Each relief is 24 feet tall by 12 inches deep, and is carved from Indiana Limestone. The sculpture on the west patio of the Newman Center, against the exterior wall of the Department of Theatre's Byron Theatre, was also designed and carved by Denver artists Madeline Wiener and Kathy Caricof. This sculpture depicts three characters from the Commedia Dell’Arte, Italian quasi-improvisational theater popular during the Renaissance. Colombina (Columbine), who hides behind Arlecchino (Harlequin), is demure and gentle, while Arlecchino gestures to the throne on which passers-by can sit to join the audience. The smaller figure represents Pantalone, a miserly, scheming masked character in tattered clothing. He clutches a purse, out of which coins are falling. Note also the hat on the ground that is filled with coins, as if the players are collecting money for a performance. This sculpture is 12 feet tall and is carved from Indiana Limestone. Don’t miss the cute bunnies under the feet of the characters on the left, each of which even has on its own theatrical mask. Bowlen Family Sundial The Bowlen Family Sundial is placed vertically on the south face of the Gates Concert Hall stage house and was inspired by similar sundials in Italy. It has two sets of hour markers. The larger, outer set is used to tell the time in the summer months when the sun is high in the sky and the shadows cast by the gnomon are long. The smaller, inner set is used in the winter months when the sun is low in the sky and the shadows are much shorter. Saunders Family Rose Window The Saunders Family Rose Window is located in the student lounge on the fifth floor of Trevorrow Hall. Cab Childress, University Architect Emeritus, wanted the Newman Center to have its own rose window, not an ecclesiastical one, but rather a real rose. Mark Rodgers, current University Architect, picked a rose from the University’s rose garden and used it to create plans for the carving. It is hand carved in Indiana limestone. The rose is the logo of the Newman Center, roses being traditional gifts to performers at the end of concerts. Interior Works "Harlequin" Inside the west entrance of the Newman Center is a free-standing sculpture entitled "Harlequin" (c. 1957) by Marion Buchan (1895-1971). "Harlequin" was one of several near life-size treatments of the subject by Buchan, who was Assistant Professor of Drawing and Painting at the University's School of Art from 1944 to 1958. This version was commissioned by Campton Bell, Theatre Department chairman, around 1957. In 1993, it was removed from the lobby of the Lamont School of Music, which was then located in Denver’s Park Hill neighborhood. "Harlequin" was professionally restored in 2002 and prepared for long-term installation at the Robert and Judi Newman Center for the Performing Arts. Restoration was generously supported by the Save Outdoor Sculpture! Foundation and by Holly Buchan. The sculpture was installed courtesy of Bruce and Martha Clinton in honor of Robert and Judi Newman. "Trio and Tone Shapes" The west lobby of the Newman Center includes a bronze cast entitled "Trio and Tone Shapes" by Arnold Rönnebeck (1885-1947). Rönnebeck was Instructor in Sculpture at the University's School of Art from 1929 to 1935. "Trio and Tone Shapes" was an unrealized 1939 commission for a Denver Public Schools auditorium. A 1968 account by Vance Kirkland, then director of the University's School of Art, indicates that the piece was rejected by DPS as “too modern.” The relief was retrieved from the Hosek Manufacturing Company by Kirkland in 1968 and incorporated into the University’s art collections. The 2007 casts were taken from the painted plaster original; the remaining bronze resides in the collection of Denver’s Kirkland Museum of Fine and Decorative Art. The relief was cast at the Fedde Bronze Works, Denver. The University gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the family and estate of Arnold Rönnebeck, and the support of the JFM Foundation. Flemish Tapestry At the mid-point of the grand staircase in Joy Burns Plaza is a Flemish tapestry, a gift of Robert and Judi Newman. It was created in the late 16th or early 17th century. It is probably from studios in the town of Audenarde. The scene is “The Story of Moses,” or “Exodus.” Moses is the bearded figure to the left of center as you look at the tapestry; he holds a staff in his right hand. His brother Aaron is farther to the left and wears the miter. Their sister Miriam is the largest, and central, figure in the piece. She and other ladies are musicians and are leading the people in celebration after having escaped the bondage of the Pharaoh. Approximately 10’ x 14’. "Chenrezig" (Sanskrit: Avalokiteshvara) The stage level elevator lobby on the west side of the Newman Center includes Thangka painting on fabric, completed in 2007. The painting was made by Lobsang Choegyal and Sarika Singh, Founders & Master Painters of the Thangde Gatsal School and was a gift to the Newman Center of University Professors Roscoe Hill and Sheila Wright to honor Lobsang and Sarika and all the University's students who participated in Project Dharamsala. This Thangka depicts the Mandala of Chenrezig, the bodhisattva of compassion. In September 2004, Tibetan monks from the Drepung Loseling Monastery created a sand mandala in Joy Burns Plaza in the Newman Center devoted to Chenrezig. When finished, the sand painting was swept up and put into the river, as an acknowledgment of the impermanence of things. To commemorate the event, the Newman Center for the Performing Arts commissioned this painting from the Thangde Gatsal Studio in Dharamsala, India. Thangka painting is a uniquely Tibetan tradition that evolved between the 7th and 12th centuries. Thangkas are works of art, objects of devotion, and aids to spiritual practice. The Dalai Lama is considered to be the reincarnation of Chenrezig. This artwork installed courtesy of Bruce and Martha Clinton in honor of Robert and Judi Newman. Illuminated Manuscript Page The stage level elevator lobby on the west side of the Newman Center also includes an illuminated manuscript page of tempera colors and gold leaf on vellum parchment from Northern Italy or France (c. 1380-1420). This manuscript page once belonged to an antiphonary (a book of liturgical music) and was a gift of the Carol Margolin Family to the Newman Center. In Catholic liturgy, the passages appearing on the page are associated with the week leading up to the celebration of Pentecost. However, the scene portrayed inside the large illuminated letter “C” on the side shown is the feast of the Last Supper. The initial “C” begins the phrase Cibavit eos… (“He fed them...”). "Cibavit eos frumenti, alleluia; et de petra, melle saturavit eos, alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Exsultate Deo adjutori nostro; jubilate Deo Jacob." (“He fed them with the fat of wheat, alleluia; and filled them with honey out of the rock, alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Rejoice to God our helper; sing aloud to the God of Jacob.”) "Allegro" Inside the Hamilton Family Recital Hall, on the Gallery Level, is "Allegro," sculpted by Anne Cunningham. Modeled after the pet parrot owned by Joe Docksey, Director of the Lamont School of Music when the Newman Center opened, the sculpture was a gift by Lamont students, faculty and the Lamont Music Associates. "Play it Again, Philippe" The Marvin and Judi Wolf Conference Room includes a work of mixed-media and plaster life casts entitled "Play it Again, Philippe" (1988) by Lee Milmon (1940-2005). Milmon received her BFA from the University of Denver in 1962 and her MFA in 1971. After completion of her degrees she continued to work in various media, including drawing, printmaking, sculpture, and weaving. She taught at the Colorado Institute of Art, Metro State College, the Colorado Women’s College, and at the University of Denver's School of Art and Art History. Notes External links Newman Center Presents Newman Center Rentals University of Denver Category:Buildings and structures in Denver Category:Culture of Denver Category:Performing arts centers in Colorado Category:Concert halls in Colorado Category:University of Denver Category:Tourist attractions in Denver	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kazabazua, Quebec Kazabazua is a village and municipality in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. The village is about halfway between Maniwaki and Hull at the intersection of Route 105 and Route 301, just west of the Gatineau River. The village and municipality are named after the Kazabazua River which passes through it. Like many other Amerindian names, Kazabazua has had many spellings, such as Kazaluzu, Kasubasua, Cazabasua, Cazibazouis, Cazebalzuac, Cajibajouis. This word comes from the Algonquin word kachibadjiwan, from kach ("hidden") and djiwan ("current"), hence it means "underground river". This name is a reflection of the local topography because the Kazabazua River disappears underground and resurfaces a few dozen metres downstream. The river then flows through rapids and passes under a natural stone bridge. The communities of Kazabazua Station, Aylwin, and Aylwin Station are also located within the municipality. Geography The bedrock of the region Kazabazua is composed predominantly of marble dating from the Precambrian Era and represent metamorphic sedimentary rocks from the Grenville orogeny. At the Kazabazua River, marble is calcitic and contains crystals of graphite and grossular garnet. The marble has been chemically and mechanically eroded by water from the river to form a karst stone bridge. The inclusion of gneiss in the marble illustrates erosion differential. The Kazabazua Plain is a geomorphological phenomenon unique to Quebec. It is made up of metamorphic rocks which are covered with a network of ancient sand dunes and bogs within which many rare plant species and threatened species have been identified. The topography is the result of water and wind action since the withdrawal of the last glacier. After this withdrawal, the region was covered by the Champlain Sea, which left a layer of marine clay. When the sea level lowered, the area was submerged under a postglacial delta which deposited large volumes of sand. History This area is part of the Algonquin First Nation territory and has long been inhabited by that people. Circa 1835, the area began to be settled and the community was originally called Hoganville, in memory of the first pioneers, the Hogan family, who were soon joined by the Gabie, Chamberlain, and Pritchard families. In 1858, the Aylwin Township was formed, followed in 1862 by the township municipality with the same name. These were named after judge and politician Thomas Cushing Aylwin (1806–1871). Also in 1862, the local post office opened, named Kazubazua. As evidenced by Lovell's Gazetteer of 1873, the village itself also began to be popularly known as Kazubazua. In 1932, the name was changed to Kazabazua and the municipality legally took this name in 1976. It is often shortened to "Kaz" by locals. Demographics Population trend: Population in 2016: 945 Population in 2011: 847 Population in 2006: 839 Population in 2001: 786 Population in 1996: 759 Population in 1991: 636 Private dwellings (occupied by usual residents): 404 Languages: English as first language: 47% French as first language: 50% English and French as first language: 3% References External links Kazabazua page at MRC de La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau website Category:Incorporated places in Outaouais Category:Municipalities in Quebec Category:1862 establishments in Canada	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2019 Teignbridge District Council election The 2019 Teignbridge District Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of Teignbridge District Council in England. At the election, the Liberal Democrats won control of the council. Ward Results Ambrook Ashburton & Buckfastleigh Bishopsteignton Bovey Bradley Buckland & Milber Bushell Chudleigh College Dawlish North East Dawlish South West Haytor Ipplepen Kenn Valley Kenton & Starcross Kerswell-with-Combe Kingsteignton East Kingsteignton West Moretonhampstead Shaldon & Stokeinteignhead Teign Valley Teignmouth Central Teignmouth East Teignmouth West References Category:Teignbridge District Council elections Category:2019 English local elections Category:May 2019 events in the United Kingdom Category:2010s in Devon	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Sofia Residents in Excess episodes This is a list of episodes of TV series Sofia Residents in Excess with the original dates of broadcasting in Bulgaria on bTV channel. All of the times shown below are UTC+02:00 (local time). Broadcast and episodes Original broadcast Season 1 Synopsis: Season 2 Synopsis: Season 3 Synopsis: Season 4 Synopsis: Season 5 Synopsis: Season 6 Synopsis: Season 7 Synopsis: Season 8 Synopsis: Season 9 Synopsis: Season 10 Synopsis: Season 11 Synopsis: Season 12 Synopsis: Sofia Residents	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Anne Oldfield Anne Oldfield (168323 October 1730) was an English actress. She became the theatrical idol of her day. Her exquisite acting and ladylike carriage were the delight of her contemporaries, and her beauty and generosity found innumerable eulogists, as well as sneering detractors. Early life and discovery She was born in London, to Anne Gourlaw and William Oldfield, a soldier. Despite her rough economic background, Oldfield must have had a basic education because her biographers recount that she read plays voraciously throughout her youth. In 1699, she attracted George Farquhar's attention when he overheard her reciting lines from Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher's play The Scornful Lady (1616) in a back room of her tavern. Soon after, she was hired by Christopher Rich to join the cast of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. Career It took nearly a year before she landed her first small role as Candiope in John Dryden's Secret Love; or, The Maiden Queen (1699). After her success in a minor role, she was given the lead in John Fletcher's The Pilgrim (1647). However, Oldfield wasn't truly noticed until the summer of 1703 when Susanna Verbruggen's contract was terminated before the company traveled to Bath to perform for Queen Anne and her court. Oldfield became one of Drury Lane's leading actresses. Colley Cibber acknowledged that she had as much as he to do with the success of his The Careless Husband (1704), in which she created the part of Lady Modish. Of her portrayal of Lady Townly in his The Provok'd Husband (1728), Cibber was to say, "that here she outdid her usual Outdoing". She also played the title role in Ben Jonson's Epicoene, and Celia in his Volpone. In tragedy, too, she won laurels, and the list of her parts, many of them original, is a long and varied one. London gossip believed there to be rivalries between Oldfield, Anne Bracegirdle, Jane Rogers and Susannah Centlivre, all of whom were supposedly vying for the best roles. In 1706 Oldfield entered a conflict with the Drury Lane's management over benefits and salary she believed she had been promised, but which the theater refused to provide. Oldfield left and joined the competing acting company at Haymarket Theatre before returning to Drury Lane shortly after with a fresh contract and a new position as joint-sharer of the Drury Lane Theater. On a separate occasion, Oldfield was offered to become manager of the Theatre, "but her sex was thought to be an objection to that measure" thus being asked to name her own terms to stay in her old position, Oldfield received 200 guineas salary, which was ultimately raised to 500 guineas - ensuring Oldfield was the highest paid actress of her time. Personal life Anne Oldfield began a decade-long relationship with Whig politician Arthur Maynwaring sometime around 1700. Despite the fact that previous generations of actresses relied heavily on the patronage of their lovers, Oldfield remained financially independent from Maynwaring. He supported her career by helping her work through new roles and by writing more than a dozen prologues and epilogues for her to perform. When she became pregnant with their son, Arthur, Oldfield kept acting until she was physically unable, an unusual decision in a time when most actresses were pressured to take a leave of absence throughout the duration of their pregnancy. She went back to work just three months after the birth. In her turn Oldfield arranged for her lifelong friend Margaret Saunders to join the acting profession. When Maynwaring died in 1712, Oldfield was tortured with rumors that he had died from a venereal disease that she had given to him. In order to clear both their names, she ordered an official autopsy to be performed on her former lover's body, which revealed that he had, in fact, died of tuberculosis. Oldfield was three months pregnant at the time, but her child is not believed to have survived the birth. Several years after Maynwaring's death, Oldfield began a relationship with Charles Churchill. The two lived together for many years and had a son, Charles. However, during this pregnancy, Oldfield had many negative side effects and was forced to leave the theater for several months. She never fully recovered her health. Throughout her last theatrical season she suffered from chronic pain in her abdomen. She retired from the stage in April 1730 and died from cancer of the uterus a few months later. Memorial Anne Oldfield was the theatrical idol of her day. Her exquisite acting and ladylike carriage were the delight of her contemporaries, and her beauty and generosity found innumerable eulogists, as well as sneering detractors. Alexander Pope, in his Sober Advice from Horace, wrote of her "Engaging Oldfield, who, with grace and ease, Could join the arts to ruin and to please." It was to her that he alluded as the lady who detested being buried in woollen, who said to her maid "No, let a charming chintz and Brussels lace Wrap my cold limbs and shade my lifeless face; One would not, sure, be frightful when one's dead, And Betty give this cheek a little red." Oldfield was forty-seven when she died on 23 October 1730 at 60 Grosvenor Street, London. She divided her property, for that time a large one, between her two sons. Oldfield was buried in Westminster Abbey, beneath the monument to Congreve. Her partner, Churchill, applied for permission to erect a monument there to her memory, but the dean of Westminster refused it. Significant roles 1699, Candiope - Secret Love, or The Maiden Queen by John Dryden. 1679, Alinda - The Pilgrim by John Fletcher. 1704, Lady Modish - The Careless Husband by Colley Cibber. 1706, Celia - Volpone by Ben Johnson. 1707, A Silent Woman - A silent Woman or Epiocene by Ben Johnson. 1707, Florimel - Marriage A La Mode by John Dryden. 1709, Rutland - The Unhappy Favourite, or The Earl of Essex by John Bankes. 1709, Leonara - Sir Courtly Nice, or It Cannot Be by John Crown. 1709, Carolina- Epsom Wells by Thomas Shadwell. 1709, Elvira - The Spanish Fryer, or The Double Discovery by unknown. 1709, Narcissa - Love's Last Shift by Colley Cibber. 1709, Maria - The Fortune Hunters, or Two Fools Well Met by James Carlile. 1709, Lady Lurewell - The Constant Couple, or A Trip To The Jubilee by George Farquhar. 1709, Hellena - The Rover, or The Banish'd Cavilier by Aphra Behn. 1709, Estifania - Rule A Wife and Have A Wife by John Fletcher. 1709, Mrs Sullen -The Stratagem by Aleister Crowley. 1709, Widow - Wit Without Money by John Fletcher. 1709, Wanton Wife - The Wanton Wife by Thomas Betterton. 1709, Constantina- The Chances by John Fletcher. 1709, Belinda - The Man's Bewitched by Mary Pix. 1712, Andromache - Distrest Mother by Ambrose Phillips. 1713, Marcia - Cato by Joseph Addison. 1713. ' Jane Shore' (The Tragedy of Jane Shore) 1728, Lady Townly- The Provok’d Husband by Colley Cibber. References Notes Further reading Anonymous. Authentick Memoirs of the Life of that Celebrated Actress, Mrs. Ann Oldfield, Containing a Genuine Account of Her Transactions from Her Infancy to the Time of Her Decease, 4th edition. London: no publisher, 1730. Egerton, William. Faithful Memoirs of the Life, Amours and Performances of that justly Celebrated, and most Eminent Actress of her Time, Mrs. Anne Oldfield. Interspersed with Several Other Dramatic Memoirs. London: no publisher, 1731. Engel, Laura and Elaine M. McGirr, eds. Stage Mothers: Women, Work, and the Theater, 1660–1830. Lenham, Maryland: Bucknell University Press, 2014. Gore-Browne, Robert. Gay was the Pit: the Life and Times of Anne Oldfield, Actress (1683–1730). London: Max Reinhardt, 1957. Hays, Mary. “Mrs. Oldfield.” Female Biography; or Memoirs of Illustrious and Celebrated Women of all Ages and Countries (6 volumes). London: R. Phillips, 1803, vol. 6, 28–31. Lafler, Joanne. The Celebrated Mrs. Oldfield: the Life and Art of an Augustan Actress. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1989. Melville, Lewis. Stage Favourites of the Eighteenth Century. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Doran & Company, Inc., 1929. McGirr, Elaine. Eighteenth Century Characters : a Guide To The Literature of The Age. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Nussbaum, Felicity. Rival Queens: Actresses, Performance, and the Eighteenth-Century British Theater. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010. Parsons, Nicola. “Mrs. Oldfield." Mary Hays, Female Biography; or, Memoirs of Illustrious and Celebrated Women, of All Ages and Countries (1803). Chawton House Library Series: Women’s Memoirs, ed. Gina Luria Walker, Memoirs of Women Writers Part III. Pickering & Chatto: London, 2013, vol. 10, 30–3, editorial notes, 548-51. Project Continua – at ProjectContinua.org Ritchie, Fiona. Women and Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Category:1683 births Category:1730 deaths Category:English stage actresses Category:18th-century English actresses Category:Tailors Category:Actresses from London Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey Category:Deaths from uterine cancer Category:Deaths from cancer in England	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Heinz Mertel Heinz Mertel (born 19 July 1936) is a German former sport shooter. He competed in the 50 m pistol event at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics, and finished in second, sixteen and fourth place, respectively. References Category:1936 births Category:Living people Category:German male sport shooters Category:ISSF pistol shooters Category:Olympic shooters of West Germany Category:Shooters at the 1968 Summer Olympics Category:Shooters at the 1972 Summer Olympics Category:Shooters at the 1976 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic silver medalists for West Germany Category:Olympic medalists in shooting Category:Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Case government In linguistics, case government is government of the grammatical case of verb arguments, when a verb or preposition is said to 'govern' the grammatical case on its noun phrase complement, e.g. governs the dative case in German: 'to me-dative'. The German term for the notion is . Case government may modify the meaning of the verb substantially, even to meanings that are unrelated. Analogously in programming, constructing two different functions of identical name but different parameters is called overloading a function. Case government is a more important notion in languages with many case distinctions, such as Russian and Finnish. It plays less of a role in English, because English doesn't rely on grammatical cases, except for distinguishing subject pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) from other pronouns (me, him, her, us, them). In English, true case government is absent, but if the aforementioned subject pronouns are understood as regular pronouns in the accusative case, it occurs in sentences such as He found me (not for example *He found I). For example, in Finnish, a verb or sometimes even a particular meaning of a verb is associated with a case the referent noun must be in. "To go for a walk" is expressed as (literally 'to go to a walk'), where means 'to go', is 'a walk' and is a postfix that denotes the allative case (usually means 'to' in English). This case must be always used in this context; one cannot say 'to go into a walk', for example. Category:Grammar	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Terry's Terry's was a British chocolate and confectionery maker based in York, England. It was founded in 1767 and in 1993 it was taken over by Kraft Foods. The company's headquarters and factory, Terry's Chocolate Works, was closed by Kraft in 2005; products using the Terry's brand name are now produced in Kraft facilities in Poland, Sweden, Belgium, and Slovakia. The Terry's name became part of Mondelēz International in 2012 and part of Carambar & Co in 2016. Their best known products include Terry's Chocolate Orange (1931), and Terry's All Gold box of assorted chocolates, which was also introduced in the 1930s. History The business began in 1767 as a shop close to Bootham Bar, York, selling cough lozenges, lemon and orange candied peel, and other sweets. When Robert Berry formed a partnership with William Bayldon the firm took the name Bayldon and Berry and by 1818 the business had moved to St Helen's Square, York. Joseph Terry, who was born in Pocklington in 1793, went to York to serve as an apprentice apothecary in either Stonegate or Spurriergate. On gaining his certificates, he set up as a chemist in Walmgate. In 1823 he married Harriet Aktinson, who was either a niece or sister-in-law of Robert Berry and after closing his chemist shop he joined the Berry confectionery business, from which William Bayldon had retired in 1821. In 1825, after the death of Robert Berry, Terry agreed to a new partnership with George Berry; they renamed the business Terry & Berry. The partnership was joined by John Coultherd, but in 1828 George Berry left and the business was renamed Joseph Terry and Company. Two years later Coultherd also left and Terry became the sole owner of the business. Joseph Terry and Company Using the skills he learned as a chemist, Joseph developed new lines of confectionery, sugared sweets, candied peel, marmalade, and medicated lozenges. He began using the developing railway network of the North Eastern Railway to distribute his products in the North of England and in London. After Joseph Terry died in 1850 the company was in the control of solicitors and executors until 1854 when it was handed over to his sons Joseph Jnr, Robert, and John. Joseph quickly expanded the business; four years later he moved production to a leased site at Clementhorpe, beside the River Ouse. This allowed easy shipment of raw products into the new production facility from the Humber Estuary; twice weekly a steam ship brought ingredients, including sugar and cocoa, as well as coal to power the new steam-powered machinery. Joseph was knighted for his services to industry in 1887 and became Lord Mayor of York for the fourth time in 1890. He renamed the business Joseph Terry & Sons and it became a limited liability company in 1895. The Grade II listed St Helen's Square premises was retained by the company as a shop and restaurant until 1980 after which it was sold and the restaurant was converted into offices. Joseph Terry and Sons When Sir Joseph died in 1898 he was succeeded by his sons Frank and Thomas Terry and the following year Terry's Neapolitans were launched. Thomas died following a road accident in 1910 and his son Noel joined the company the following year. In the First World War Noel served in France until he was wounded and later joined his uncle Frank who had been seconded to the Ministry of Pensions. Henry Ernest Leetham, a York businessman and the father-in-law of Noel Terry became chairman of Terry's from 1915 until his death in 1923 at which point Frank and Noel Terry resumed family control of the business. They restructured the company, launched new products, and bought a site in Bishopthorpe Road, York, on which to develop a new factory known as Terry's Chocolate Works. The new factory was built in an Art Deco style and included a distinctive clock tower. It was opened in 1926; new products included the Chocolate Apple (1926), Terry's Chocolate Orange (1931), and Terry's All Gold, which were developed and produced onsite. Second World War With the onset of the Second World War The factory was taken over by F. Hills and Sons of Manchester as a shadow factory to manufacture and repair aircraft propeller blades. Confectionery production continued but was done for other companies; the Clementhorpe factory produced jellies for Chivers and Sons whilst chocolate was manufactured for Charbonnel et Walker. Production also included chocolate for troop and lifeboat rations. Post-War After the war ended, the factory was handed back to the company. Production was difficult because of rationing and limited imports of raw cocoa. As a result, in 1954 production of the chocolate apple was phased out in favour of increased production of the chocolate orange. The Colgate-Palmolive Company acquired Joseph Terry & Sons Ltd. from Trust House Forte Ltd. in 1977. United Biscuits (Holdings) Ltd. (UB) acquired Joseph Terry & Sons Ltd. from Colgate in 1982; Terry's formed the bulk of their confectionery division. After UB ran into financial difficulties in the 1990s, they sold their confectionery division to Kraft Foods in 1993. Kraft amalgamated Terry's with Jacobs Suchard to create Terry's Suchard. From 2000, the company brand was changed from Terry's of York to Terry's, reducing the company's links with York. Production was also scaled back to UK products and Terry's Chocolate Orange, Terry's All Gold, and Twilight made for the international market. Closure In 2004, Kraft Foods decided to absorb Terry's, move production of remaining products such as All Gold and Chocolate Orange to factories in Belgium, Sweden, Poland, and Slovakia, and close the plant. The factory closed on 30 September 2005 with the loss of 316 jobs. In 2012, Kraft split into two companies; one called Kraft Foods Group and the other called Mondelēz International. After the split, Terry's became part of Mondelēz. In 2016, Terry's was one of a number of brands acquired by Eurazeo and it subsequently became part of Carambar & Co. Terry's Chocolate Company Ltd In February 2019, Carambar & Co set up a UK subsidiary called Terry's Chocolate Co to market the Terry's range in the UK market. The company is based in Finchley, London. Locations St Helen's Square The business was based in St Helen's Square as early as 1818 in a building that served as both a shop and a factory until 1864 when production moved to the Clementhorpe site. The building was remodelled to include a ballroom and restaurant and in 1922 an Ashlar stone facade was added which included Corinthian columns and the name Terry was inscribed on the front of the building This inscription is still present in 2019. The premises was Grade II listed in 1974 but both the shop and restaurant closed in early 1981 and it was bought by the neighbouring Trustee Savings Bank who converted the restaurant into offices. However it reopened as a restaurant in March 2017 and in August 2017 a blue plaque in honour of Joseph Terry the elder was added by York Civic Trust and unveiled by his great-great-great-grandson Anthony Terry. Clementhorpe The Clementhorpe factory was initially leased by the business in 1858 on what was the site of a former brewery and a new chocolate factory was built in 1862. A new five-storey building was added in 1920 and the factory continued to operate even after the business expanded to Bishopthorpe Road. After the factory closed the chimney was pulled down in 1974 and the rest of the site demolished in 1987. A Roman mosaic was discovered on the site at this time that Peter Terry had excavated to be preserved by the Yorkshire Museum. Terry's Chocolate Works In 1924 work began on the construction of the Terry's Chocolate Works on Bishopthorpe Road, York. The buildings designed by architect J. E. Wade and built by Dorman Long included a tall clock tower and the five-storey long main factory building. These, along with the head office building were designated Grade II listed in March 2005 six months before the site closed. The site was bought by developers Grantside and renamed The Chocolate Works. In February 2010, planning permission for a £165 million redevelopment of the site as a mixed-use of residential, commercial and leisure was given. Redevelopment started in 2011 with the removal of asbestos and the demolition of non-scheduled buildings in early 2012. The main factory building underwent a £38 million redevelopment in which it was renamed as The Residence and the first apartments were made available in 2016. The main office building was converted into The Chocolate Works Care Village which opened in 2017. Terry family Sir Joseph Terry was Lord Mayor of York in 1874, 1885–86 and 1890. Sir Francis Terry (Frank Terry) was High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1945–46 and Peter Terry, son of Noel Terry, was High Sheriff of North Yorkshire in 1980–81. References Bibliography External links Terry's - Caramber & Co website Category:Mondelēz brands Category:Brand name confectionery Category:Food and drink companies established in 1767 Category:Food and drink companies disestablished in 2005 Category:Defunct companies of the United Kingdom Category:Yorkshire cuisine Category:History of York Category:Companies based in York Category:British chocolate companies Category:1767 establishments in Great Britain	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mayotte women's national football team The Mayotte women's national football team represents the French overseas department and region of Mayotte in international football. Mayotte is a member of neither FIFA nor CAF, so it is not eligible to enter the World Cup or the African Cup of Nations. Mayotte Football Achievements Indian Ocean Island Games Fixtures and results Head-to-Head Records against other countries Honours This is a list of honours for the senior Mayotte national team Indian Ocean Island Games Bronze Medal : 2015 External links Official website Category:Mayotte national football team Category:Football in Mayotte Category:African national association football teams Category:National football teams of Overseas France	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Current loop In electrical signalling an analog current loop is used where a device must be monitored or controlled remotely over a pair of conductors. Only one current level can be present at any time. A major application of current loops is the industry de facto standard 4–20 mA current loop for process control applications, where they are extensively used to carry signals from process instrumentation to PID controllers, SCADA systems, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). They are also used to transmit controller outputs to the modulating field devices such as control valves. These loops have the advantages of simplicity and noise immunity, and have a large international user and equipment supplier base. Some 4–20 mA field devices can be powered by the current loop itself, removing the need for separate power supplies, and the "smart" HART protocol uses the loop for communications between field devices and controllers. Various automation protocols may replace analog current loops, but 4–20 mA is still a principal industrial standard. Process control 4–20 mA loops In industrial process control, analog 4–20 mA current loops are commonly used for electronic signalling, with the two values of 4 & 20 mA representing 0–100% of the range of measurement or control. These loops are used both for carrying sensor information from field instrumentation, and carrying control signals to the process modulating devices, such as a valve. The key advantages of the current loop are: The loop can often power the remote device, with power supplied by the controller, thus removing need for power cabling. Many instrumentation manufacturers produce 4–20 mA sensors which are "loop powered". The "live" or "elevated" zero of 4 mA allows powering of the device even with no process signal output from the field transmitter. The accuracy of the signal is not affected by voltage drop in the interconnecting wiring. It has high noise immunity as it is low impedance circuit usually through twisted pair conductors. It is self-monitoring; currents less than 3.8 mA or more than 20.5 mA are taken to indicate a fault. It can be carried over long cables up to the limit of the resistance for the voltage used. In line displays can be inserted and powered by the loop, as long as total allowable loop resistance is not exceeded. Easy conversion to voltage using a resistor. Loop powered "I to P" (current to pressure) converters can convert the 4–20 mA signal to a 3–15 psi pneumatic output for control valves, allowing easy integration of 4–20 mA signals into existing pneumatic plant. Field instrumentation measurements are such as pressure, temperature, level, flow, pH or other process variables. A current loop can also be used to control a valve positioner or other output actuator. Since input terminals of instruments may have one side of the current loop input tied to the chassis ground (earth), analog isolators may be required when connecting several instruments in series. The relationship between current value and process variable measurement is set by calibration, which assigns different ranges of engineering units to the span between 4 and 20 mA. The mapping between engineering units and current can be inverted, so that 4 mA represents the maximum and 20 mA the minimum. Active and passive devices Depending on the source of current for the loop, devices may be classified as active (supplying or "sourcing" power) or passive (relying on or "sinking" loop power). For example, a chart recorder may provide loop power to a pressure transmitter. The pressure transmitter modulates the current on the loop to send the signal to the strip chart recorder, but does not in itself supply power to the loop and so is passive. Another loop may contain two passive chart recorders, a passive pressure transmitter, and a 24 V battery. (The battery is the active device). Note that a 4-wire instrument has a power supply input separate from the current loop. Panel mount displays and chart recorders are commonly termed 'indicator devices' or 'process monitors'. Several passive indicator devices may be connected in series, but a loop must have only one transmitter device and only one power source (active device). Evolution of analogue control signals The 4–20 mA convention was born in the 1950s out of the earlier highly successful 3–15 psi pneumatic control signal standard, when electronics became cheap and reliable enough to emulate the older standard electrically. The 3–15 psi standard had the same features of being able to power some remote devices, and have a "live" zero. However the 4–20 mA standard was better suited to the electronic controllers then being developed. The transition was gradual and has extended into the 21st century, due to the huge installed base of 3–15 psi devices. As the operation of pneumatic valves over motorised valves has many cost and reliability advantages, pneumatic actuation is still an industry standard. To allow the construction of hybrid systems, where the 4–20 mA is generated by the controller, but allows the use of pneumatic valves, a range of current to pressure (I to P) converters are available from manufacturers. These are usually local to the control valve and convert 4–20 mA to 3–15 psi (or 0.2–1.0 bar). This signal is then fed to the valve actuator or more commonly, a pneumatic positioner. The positioner is a dedicated controller which has a mechanical linkage to the actuator movement. This ensures that problems of friction are overcome and the valve control element moves to the desired position. It also allows the use of higher air pressures for valve actuation. With the development of cheap industrial micro-processors, "smart" valve positioners have become available since the mid-1980s and are very popular for new installations. These include an I to P converter, plus valve position and condition monitoring. These latter are fed back over the current loop to the controller, using protocols such as HART. Long circuits Analog current loops were historically occasionally carried between buildings by dry pairs in telephone cables leased from the local telephone company. 4–20 mA loops were more common in the days of analog telephony. These circuits require end-to-end direct current (DC) continuity, and unless a dedicated wire pair was hardwired, their use ceased with the introduction of semiconductor switching. DC continuity is not available over a microwave radio, optical fibre, or a multiplexed telephone circuit connection. Basic DC circuit theory shows that the current is the same all along the line. It was common to see 4–20 mA circuits that had loop lengths in miles or circuits working over telephone cable pairs that were longer than ten thousand feet end-to-end. There are still legacy systems in place using this technology. In Bell System circuits, voltages up to 125 VDC were employed. Discrete control Discrete control functions can be represented by discrete levels of current sent over a loop. This would allow multiple control functions to be operated over a single pair of wires. Currents required for a specific function vary from one application or manufacturer to another. There is no specific current that is tied to a single meaning. It is almost universal that 0 mA indicates the circuit has failed. In the case of a fire alarm, 6 mA could be normal, 15 mA could mean a fire has been detected, and 0 mA would produce a trouble indication, telling the monitoring site the alarm circuit had failed. Some devices, such as two-way radio remote control consoles, can reverse the polarity of currents and can multiplex audio onto a DC current. These devices can be employed for any remote control need a designer might imagine. For example, a current loop could actuate an evacuation siren or command synchronized traffic signals. Two-way radio use Current loop circuits are one possible way used to control radio base stations at distant sites. The two-way radio industry calls this type of remote control DC remote. This name comes from the need for DC circuit continuity between the control point and the radio base station. A current loop remote control saves the cost of extra pairs of wires between the operating point and the radio transceiver. Some equipment, such as the Motorola MSF-5000 base station, uses currents below 4 mA for some functions. An alternative type, the tone remote, is more complex but requires only an audio path between control point and base station. For example, a taxi dispatch base station might be physically located on the rooftop of an eight-story building. The taxi company office might be in the basement of a different building nearby. The office would have a remote control unit that would operate the taxi company base station over a current loop circuit. The circuit would normally be over a telephone line or similar wiring. Control function currents come from the remote control console at the dispatch office end of a circuit. In two-way radio use, an idle circuit would normally have no current present. In two-way radio use, radio manufacturers use different currents for specific functions. Polarities are changed to get more possible functions over a single circuit. For example, imagine one possible scheme where the presence of these currents cause the base station to change state: no current means receive on channel 1, (the default). +6 mA might mean transmit on channel 1 −6 mA might mean stay in receive mode but switch to channel 2. So long as the −6 mA current were present, the remote base station would continue to receive on channel 2. −12 mA might command the base station to transmit on channel 2. This circuit is polarity-sensitive. If a telephone company cable splicer accidentally reversed the conductors, selecting channel 2 would lock the transmitter on. Each current level could close a set of contacts, or operate solid-state logic, at the other end of the circuit. That contact closure caused a change of state on the controlled device. Some remote control equipment could have options set to allow compatibility between manufacturers. That is, a base station that was configured to transmit with a +18 mA current could have options changed to (instead) make it transmit when +6 mA was present. In two-way radio use, AC signals were also present on the circuit pair. If the base station were idle, receive audio would be sent over the line from the base station to the dispatch office. In the presence of a transmit command current, the remote control console would send audio to be transmitted. The voice of the user in the dispatch office would be modulated and superimposed over the DC current that caused the transmitter to operate. See also Current source (a current loop transmitter) Current-to-voltage converter Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol NAMUR German industry standards body defining fault levels for 4–20 mA PID Controller a controller using current loop I/O Piping and instrumentation diagram Gives the control scheme and associated piping and vessels. References Lipták, Béla G. Instrumentation Engineers' Handbook. Process Measurement and Analysis. CRC Press. 2003. HB. External links Fundamentals, System Design, and Setup for the 4 to 20 mA Current Loop What Voltage do I need to operate my 4...20 mA transducer? Current signal systems How to read current loop using arduino Category:Communication circuits Category:Control engineering Category:Electronics standards Category:Industrial automation	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pyotr Nesterov Pyotr Nikolayevich Nesterov ( (born , Nizhny Novgorod – died , Żółkiew, Galicia) was a Russian pilot, an aircraft designer and an aerobatics pioneer. Life and career Nesterov was born on 15 February 1887 in Nizhny Novgorod, into the family of an army officer, a cadet corps teacher. In August 1904, he left the military school in Nizhny Novgorod and went to Mikhailov artillery academy in St Petersburg, He became a second lieutenant and served in the 9th East Siberian Artillery Brigade in Vladivostok. By the laws of that time, an officer who married before the age of 28 had to contribute a so-called ‘reserve’ to the state treasury – a deposit of 5,000 rubles to provide for his family in the event of his death. The only exception was made for officers who served in the Far East; as Nesterov did not have the money, he took his young wife to the Far East. In 1909, Nesterov came into contact with aviation when he was posted to a balloon observation regiment as an observer. In 1911 he built his first glider and learned to fly it, before entering flight training at the St. Petersburg aviation school at Gatchina in June, graduating 11 October 1912. A short time later he also passed the examination to be a military pilot. In May 1913 he became leader of an aviation detachment in Kiev, completing night flights at that time. Achievements Nesterov believed an aircraft could fly a loop, a feat not previously performed. Despite the doubts of his peers, Nesterov proved his theory on 9 September 1913 (27 August by the calendar then used in Russia) and became the first pilot to fly a loop. This was done in a Nieuport IV monoplane over Syretzk Aerodrome near Kiev, before many watchers. For this he was disciplined with ten days of close arrest, ostensibly "for risking government property". His achievement made him famous overnight and when the feat was officially done by the famous French pilot Adolphe Pégoud, the punishment was reversed; he was promoted to staff captain and later awarded a medal. Stressing the value of these exercises for a military pilot, Nesterov improved Russian flight methods through extensive training, both with cross country flights and steep turns, and designed a vee tail for the Nieuport he was flying although its performance proved disappointing. Aircraft were still unarmed at this early stage, and Nesterov became the first pilot to destroy an enemy airplane in flight. During the Battle of Galicia on 25 August 1914 (by the Old Style calendar still used in Russia), after trying various methods on previous occasions unsuccessfully, he used his Morane-Saulnier Type G (s/n 281) to ram the Austrian Albatros B.II reconnaissance aircraft of observer Baron Friedrich von Rosenthal and pilot Franz Malina from FLIK 11. Eager to destroy enemy aircraft, he probably intended to hit it with a glancing blow but damaged his own aircraft as much as the enemy's and both planes crashed. As was common for the time, Nesterov was not strapped in and he fell from his plane, dying of his injuries the next day. The Austrian pilot and observer also died. The town of Zhovkva (currently in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine), located near the battle, was renamed Nesterov in his honor in 1951. Legacy Nesterov was buried in Kiev, Russian Empire. His ramming method was used during the Second World War by a number of Soviet pilots with success and without loss of life. The technique became known as taran. In his honor, the Soviet Union established the Nesterov Cup for the best aerobatics team. The cup was donated to the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) in 1962. It is awarded to the Men's World Team Champions of the World Aerobatic Championships. The outer main-belt asteroid 3071 Nesterov, discovered by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova in 1973, is named after him. References Sources Annette Carson. Flight Fantastic: The Illustrated History of Aerobatics. 1986. Jon Guttman, et al. Pusher Aces of World War 1. London: Osprey Pub Co, 2009. , . External links Biography of Pyotr Nesterov Category:1887 births Category:1914 deaths Category:People from Nizhny Novgorod Category:People from Nizhegorodsky Uyezd Category:Russian aviators Category:Aerial warfare pioneers Category:Russian inventors Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents Category:Imperial Russian Air Force personnel Category:Russian military personnel of World War I Category:Aerobatic pilots Category:Pilots who performed an aerial ramming Category:20th-century inventors	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
LG Rumor 2 The LG Rumor 2 and LG Script (LG Rumeur2 in the province of Quebec, and LG Rumour2 in the rest of Canada ) is a Sprint, Bell Mobility, Solo Mobile, Virgin Mobile USA and Virgin Mobile Canada feature phone manufactured by LG Electronics. It is available in black titanium, vibrant blue, purple, gray, and orange. The phones are offered by Sprint in Black, Blue, and Orange and were released in March 2009. The regular price of the phone is $249.99. It is the follow-up of the LG Rumor (LX260) that came out in September 2007. Although it is a bit bigger and slightly heavier, the QWERTY keyboard has been adjusted to have 4 full lines of the keyboard enabling more space for texting. The front keys have been polished to make what the critics say a glossier and more stylish look. Unlike the original Rumor, the LG Rumor 2 does not have video recording capabilities. It is suspected by the internet community that this was to prevent a loophole where customers could create a blank video with music on their computers and assign them as ring tones, thereby subverting any subscription or download fees. One downside of this phone is the internet browsing. Most websites will only allow half of the page to be viewed. Features Main features Like the original Rumor, the Rumor 2 has many features including a slide-out QWERTY keyboard in addition to the standard 12-button keypad, a 1.3-megapixel camera, and a 320x240 pixel screen. The QWERTY keyboard easily slides out to the right. The screen rotates as the keyboard opens up. The phone lacks a stopwatch feature. Special features The digital camera is a 1.3-megapixel camera. It does not have an LED flash, but does include black and white, negative, and sepia color tones as well as various frames. It is very similar to the original Rumor camera. There is a self-timer, night mode functions/ brightness, and white balance controls. The Rumor 2 is Bluetooth-compatible and supports MP3 music formats and Sprint Navigation (Sprint’s mapping service). Virgin Mobile additions Virgin Mobile added Ultimate Inbox to the LG Rumor 2 which includes several choices of push E-mail communication with support for Yahoo! Mail, Windows Live Hotmail, AOL Mail, Gmail, and an additional user-defined POP or IMAP account. There is also instant messaging support for AOL Instant Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, Google Talk, and Windows Live Messenger. According to the device's "About" screen, the functionality is powered by MFluent. The LG Rumor 2 for Virgin Mobile is currently only available in black/silver/blue. Other additions to the phone include Virgin Mobile UI and VM default wallpapers and ringtones. Storage The phone can hold up to 600 contacts with additional numbers, notes, and email addresses. The phone supports up to 32 GB of storage via the MicroSD port on the right side of the phone. Keyboard The QWERTY keyboard has five rows of keys. The number keys now have their own row, as opposed to the original Rumor keyboard where they shared a row across the top of the keyboard. The keys are still made with rubber. Unlike the original Rumor, the Rumor 2 keyboard includes arrow keys for easier navigation, as well as an "enter" and a "back" button. Entertainment The Rumor 2 offers many different sources of entertainment. From the Sprint website, there are 101 games to pick from with different prices. Messaging is the main source of entertainment from the phone. The Rumor 2 is known for its convenient messaging. The music player on the phone can hold up to 4,000 songs using the MicroSD card. Specifications † For Virgin Mobile, Bluetooth profiles are restricted to HSP, HFP, A2DP, AVRCP. Availability Sprint Nextel is the exclusive provider of the LG Rumor 2 in the United States. In Canada, the phone is available at Bell Mobility and its brands Solo Mobile and Virgin Mobile Canada. President's Choice, a Canadian mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), also sells the Rumour 2. Colors There are 4 available colors: black and blue, available in Canada and the United States. Colours exclusive to the USA include red, plus a purple version for the Kansas State University. Advertising The LG Rumor 2 was featured in the music video of the "Telephone" song performed by Lady Gaga. See also LG Rumor References Rumor 2	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Oil shale reserves Oil shale reserves refers to oil shale resources that are economically recoverable under current economic conditions and technological abilities. Oil shale deposits range from small presently economically unrecoverable to large potentially recoverable resources. Defining oil shale reserves is difficult, as the chemical composition of different oil shales, as well as their kerogen content and extraction technologies, vary significantly. The economic feasibility of oil shale extraction is highly dependent on the price of conventional oil; if the price of crude oil per barrel is less than the production price per barrel of oil shale, it is uneconomic. As source rocks for most conventional oil reservoirs, oil shale deposits are found in all world oil provinces, although most of them are too deep to be exploited economically. There are more than 600 known oil shale deposits around the world. Although resources of oil shale occur in many countries, only 33 countries possess known deposits of possible economic value. Many deposits need more exploration to determine their potential as reserves. Well-explored deposits, which could ultimately be classified as reserves, include the Green River deposits in the western United States, the Tertiary deposits in Queensland, Australia, deposits in Sweden and Estonia, the El-Lajjun deposit in Jordan, and deposits in France, Germany, Brazil, China, and Russia. It is expected that these deposits would yield at least of shale oil per metric ton of shale, using the Fischer Assay. A 2016 conservative estimate set the total world resources of oil shale equivalent to yield of of shale oil, with the largest resource deposits in the United States accounting for more than 80% of the world total resource. For comparison, at the same time the world's proven oil reserves are estimated to be . Oil shale geology Oil shale formation takes place in a number of depositional settings and has considerable compositional variation. Oil shales can be classified by their composition (carbonate minerals such as calcite or detrital minerals such as quartz and clays) or by their depositional environment (large lakes, shallow marine, and lagoon/small lake settings). Much of the organic matter in oil shale is of algal origin, but may also include remains of vascular land plants. Three major type of organic matter (macerals) in oil shale are telalginite, lamalginite, and bituminite. Some oil-shale deposits also contain metals which include vanadium, zinc, copper, and uranium. Most oil shale deposits were formed during Middle Cambrian, Early and Middle Ordovician, Late Devonian, Late Jurassic, and Paleogene times through burial by sedimentary loading on top of the algal swamp deposits, resulting in conversion of the organic matter to kerogen by diagenetic processes. The largest deposits are found in the remains of large lakes such as the deposits of the Green River Formation of Wyoming and Utah, USA. Oil-shale deposits formed in the shallow seas of continental shelves generally are much thinner than large lake basin deposits. Definition of reserves Estimating shale oil reserves is complicated by several factors. Firstly, the amount of kerogen contained in oil shale deposits varies considerably. Secondly, some nations report as reserves the total amount of kerogen in place, including all kerogen regardless of technical or economic constraints; these estimates do not consider the amount of kerogen that may be extracted from identified and assayed oil shale rock using available technology and under given economic conditions. By most definitions, "reserves" refers only to the amount of resource which is technically exploitable and economically feasible under current economic conditions. The term "resources", on the other hand, may refer to all deposits containing kerogen. Thirdly, shale oil extraction technologies are still developing, so the amount of recoverable kerogen can only be estimated. There are a wide variety of extraction methods, which yield significantly different quantities of useful oil. As a result, the estimated amounts of resources and reserves display wide variance. The kerogen content of oil shale formations differs widely, and the economic feasibility of its extraction is highly dependent on international and local costs of oil. Several methods are used to determine the quantity and quality of the products extracted from shale oil. At their best, these methods give an approximate value to its energy potential. One standard method is the Fischer Assay, which yields a heating value, that is, a measure of caloric output. This is generally considered a good overall measure of usefulness. The Fischer Assay has been modified, standardized, and adapted by the American Petroleum Institute. It does not, however, indicate how much oil could be extracted from the sample. Some processing methods yield considerably more useful product than the Fischer Assay would indicate. The Tosco II method yields over 100% more oil, and the Hytort process yields between 300% to 400% more oil. Size of the resource The size of the oil shale resources is highly dependent on which grade cut-off is used. A 2008 estimate set the total world resources of oil shale at 689 gigatons—equivalent to yield of of shale oil, with the largest reserves in the United States, which is thought to have , though only a part of it is recoverable. According to the 2010 World Energy Outlook by the International Energy Agency, the world oil shale resources may be equivalent of more than of oil in place of which more than may be technically recoverable. A 2016 conservative estimate by the World Energy Council set the total world resources of oil shale equivalent to yield of . For comparison, at the same time the world's proven oil reserves are estimated to be . Geographical allocation There is no comprehensive overview of oil shale geographical allocation around the world. Around 600 known oil shale deposits are diversely spread throughout the earth, and are found on every continent with the possible exception of Antarctica, which has not yet been explored for oil shale. Oil shale resources can be concentrated in a large confined deposit such as the Green River formations, which were formed by a large inland lake. These can be many meters thick but limited by the size of the original lake. They may also resemble the deposits found along the eastern American seaboard, which were the product of a shallow sea, in that they may be quite thin but laterally expansive, covering thousands of square kilometers. The table below reports reserves by estimated amount of shale oil. Shale oil refers to synthetic oil obtained by heating organic material (kerogen) contained in oil shale to a temperature which will separate it into oil, combustible gas, and the residual carbon that remains in the spent shale. All figures are presented in barrels and metric tons. Africa Major oil shale deposits are located in the Democratic Republic of Congo (equal to 14.31 billion metric tons of shale oil) and Morocco (12.3 billion metric tons or 8.16 billion metric tons of shale oil). Deposits in Congo are not properly explored yet. In Morocco, oil shale deposits have been identified at ten localities with the largest deposits in Tarfaya and Timahdite. Although reserves in Tarfaya and Timahdit are well explored, the commercial exploitation has not started yet and only a limited program of laboratory and pilot-plant research has been undertaken. There are also oil shale reserves in Egypt, South Africa, Madagascar, and Nigeria. The main deposits of Egypt are located in Safaga-Al-Qusayr and Abu Tartour areas. Asia Major oil shale deposits are located in China, which has an estimated total of 32 billion metric tons, of which 4.4 billion metric tons are technically exploitable and economically feasible. In 2008, the amount of potential shale oil was estimated at and in 2016 at . The principal Chinese oil shale deposits and production lie in Fushun and Liaoning; others are located in Maoming in Guangdong, Huadian in Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Shandong. Professor Alan R. Carroll of University of Wisconsin–Madison estimates that Upper Permian lacustrine oil shale deposits of northwest China, absent from previous global oil shale assessments, are comparable to the Green River Formation. In addition to China, major deposits are located in Thailand (18.7 billion metric tons), Pakistan (227 billion metric tons, of which 9.1 billion metric tons are technically exploitable and economically feasible), Kazakhstan (several deposits; major deposit at Kenderlyk Field with 4 billion metric tons), and Turkey (2.2 billion metric tons). Thailand's oil shale deposits are near Mae Sot, Tak Province, and at Li, Lamphun Province. Deposits in Turkey are found mainly in middle and western Anatolia. According to some reports, also Uzbekistan has major oil shale deposits of 47 billion metric tons, mainly located at Sangruntau but also at Baysun, Jam, Urtabulak, Aktau, Uchkyr and Kulbeshkak. Smaller oil shale reserves have also been found in India, Turkmenistan, Myanmar, Armenia, and Mongolia. Europe The biggest oil shale reserves in Europe are located in Russia (equal to 35.47 billion metric tons of shale oil). Major deposits are located in the Volga-Petchyorsk province and in the Baltic Oil Shale Basin. Other major oil shale deposits in Europe are located in Italy (10.45 billion metric tons of shale oil), Estonia (2.49 billion metric tons of shale oil), France (1 billion metric tons of shale oil), Belarus (1 billion metric tons of shale oil), Sweden (875 million metric tons of shale oil), Ukraine (600 million metric tons of shale oil) and the United Kingdom (500 million metric tons of shale oil). There are oil shale reserves also in Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Serbia, Austria, Albania, and Romania. Middle East Significant oil shale deposits are located in Israel (equal to about of shale oil) and in Jordan (equal to about of shale oil). In 2008, these resources were estimated of shale oil and of shale oil correspondingly. Jordan oil shales are high quality, comparable to western US oil shale, although their sulfur content is high. The best-explored deposits are El Lajjun, Sultani, and the Juref ed Darawish are located in west-central Jordan, while the Yarmouk deposit, close to its northern border, extends into Syria. Most of Israel's deposits are located in the Rotem Basin region of the northern Negev desert near the Dead Sea. Israeli oil shale is relatively low in heating value and oil yield. North America At 301 billion metric tons, as estimated in 2005, the oil shale deposits in the United States are the largest in the world. There are two major deposits: the eastern US deposits, in Devonian-Mississippian shales, cover ; the western US deposits of the Green River Formation in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah, are among the richest oil shale deposits in the world. More recent studies by the United States Geological Survey estimate that the resource in the United States may be bigger than previously estimated. According to these studies, three largest oil-shale deposits — all are part of the Green River Formation — are the Piceance Basin with , the Greater Green River Basin with , and the Uinta Basin with in-place shale oil resources. In 2010, it was estimated by the World Energy Council that the United States resource could be equal to of shale oil. In 2016, their estimation was that the resource may even consist of up to of shale oil. In Canada 19 deposits have been identified. The best-examined deposits are in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Oceania In 2008, Australia's oil shale resource was estimated at 4.531 billion metric tons of oil shale equal to of shale oil, of which about is recoverable. The deposits are located in the eastern and southern states with the biggest potential in the eastern Queensland deposits. Oil shale has also been found in New Zealand. South America Brazil has at least nine oil shale deposits in São Mateus do Sul, Paraná, and in Vale do Paraíba. In 2008, the total oil shale resource was 11.734 billion metric tonnes, equal to of shale oil. Small resources are also found in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. See also Oil shale industry Oil shale economics Countries by shale oil reserves References Bibliography Reserves Category:Oil reserves	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Diplectanum Diplectanum is a genus of monopisthocotylean monogeneans in the family Diplectanidae. The genus, created by Karl Moriz Diesing, gave its name to the family Diplectanidae. All its species are parasites of the gill lamellae of teleosts. The type-species of the genus is Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857). Species According to the World Register of Marine Species, many species are included in this genus. Examples are: Diplectanum aculeatum Parona & Perugia, 1889 Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) Diplectanum banyulense Oliver, 1968 Diplectanum belengeri (Chauhan, 1945) Chauhan, 1954 Diplectanum bocqueti Oliver, 1980 Diplectanum chabaudi Oliver, 1980 Diplectanum copiosum Boeger, Fehlauer & Marques, 2006 Diplectanum dollfusi Oliver, 1980 Diplectanum femineum Justine & Henry, 2010 Diplectanum flagritubus Nagibina, 1976 References Category:Diplectanidae Category:Monogenea genera	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Claude Baker W. Claude Baker Jr. (born April 12, 1948 Lenoir, North Carolina) is an American composer of contemporary classical music. Biography Claude Baker attained a B.M. degree, magna cum laude, from East Carolina University in 1970. He subsequently studied composition at the Eastman School of Music with Samuel Adler and Warren Benson, and holds M.M. (1973) and D.M.A. (1975) degrees from that institution. He is currently Class of 1956 Chancellor's Professor of Composition in the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University, Bloomington, where he is also the recipient of the university-wide Tracy M. Sonneborn Award for accomplishments in the areas of teaching and research. Prior to his appointment at Indiana, he served on the faculties of the University of Georgia and the University of Louisville, and was a Visiting Professor at the Eastman School of Music. In the eight-year period from 1991 to 1999, he held the position of Composer-in-Residence of the St. Louis Symphony, one of the longest such residencies with any major orchestra in the country. During this time, he initiated numerous community-based projects, the most notable of which was the establishment of composition programs at multiple grade levels in the St. Louis Public Schools. In recognition of his contributions to the cultural life of the city, he was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Missouri-St. Louis in 1999. His music has been championed by such conductors as Leonard Slatkin, Mario Venzago, Robert Spano, Gerhardt Zimmermann, Gilbert Varga, Juanjo Mena, and Giancarlo Guerrero, and by soloists including Marc-André Hamelin, Eugene Rousseau, Claire Huangci, Tzimon Barto, Jon Garrison, and Ana Higueras. Among the many orchestras in addition to St. Louis that have commissioned and/or performed his music are those of San Francisco, Atlanta, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Indianapolis, and Nashville, as well as the New York Philharmonic, National Symphony Orchestra, Orquesta Nacional de España, Musikkollegium Winterthur, Staatskapelle Halle, Orchestre National de Lyon, and Das Berner Symphonieorchester. Performances of his chamber works have been presented by the Cleveland Chamber Symphony, Voices of Change, American Modern Ensemble, Left Coast Chamber Ensemble, Empyrean Ensemble, Locrian Chamber Players, Ensemble Connect, Momenta String Quartet, and the Pacifica String Quartet (with pianist Ursula ). His music is published by Keiser Southern and Carl Fischer, and is recorded on the Naxos, Innova, ACA, Jeanné, IUMusic, TNC, Gasparo, and Louisville First Edition labels. Accolades The professional honors he has received as a composer include an Academy Award in Music from the American Academy of Arts and Letters; two Kennedy Center Friedheim Awards; a "Manuel de Falla" Prize from the Government of Spain; the Pogorzelski-Yankee Prize from the American Guild of Organists; the Eastman-Leonard and George Eastman Prizes; awards from ASCAP, BMI, and the League of Composers/ISCM; commissions from the Koussevitzky Music Foundation, the Fromm Music Foundation, the Barlow Endowment for Music Composition, and Meet the Composer (now, New Music USA); a Paul Fromm Residency at the American Academy in Rome; and fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Bogliasco Foundation, and the state arts councils of Indiana, Kentucky and New York. References External links Claude Baker page Claude Baker page Claude Baker page Claude Baker page Claude Baker page Listening Claude Baker page audio samples Category:American male classical composers Category:American classical composers Category:20th-century classical composers Category:21st-century classical composers Category:1948 births Category:Indiana University faculty Category:People from Lenoir, North Carolina Category:Pupils of Samuel Adler (composer) Category:Pupils of Warren Benson Category:University of Georgia faculty Category:University of Louisville faculty Category:East Carolina University alumni Category:Living people Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:21st-century American composers Category:20th-century American composers Category:20th-century American male musicians Category:21st-century American male musicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bhargavi Nilayam Bhargavi Nilayam (, ) is a 1964 Malayalam horror - romance film written by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer and directed by A. Vincent. The film stars Prem Nazir, Madhu and Vijaya Nirmala in the lead roles, and had its story, screenplay and dialogues are written by noted Malayalam writer Vaikom Muhammad Basheer, which was adapted from a collage of his writings, primarily his short story Neela Velicham. The film depicts a compassionate relationship between a talented novelist and the spirit of a beautiful lady who had been murdered. The novelist is writing the story of this lady, into whose house he has moved in as tenant. The film mirrors in a meta-cinematic fashion the close and often symbiotic relationships between Malayalam filmmakers and writers in depicting a writer at work, collaborating with an intangible agency in the form of the eponymous Bhargavi. It was the directorial debut of noted cinematographer A. Vincent. It is especially noted for its camera works by P. Bhaskar Rao and music by M. S. Baburaj. It is generally regarded as the first horror film in Malayalam and was one of the biggest hit films of all time. Plot An enthusiastic and talented novelist (Madhu) comes to stay in a desolate mansion named Bhargavi Nilayam. The novelist and his servant Cheriya Pareekkanni (Adoor Bhasi) experience the presence of a strange entity here. They come to know from the local people that it is a haunted house. The story is that it is haunted by the ghost of the daughter of the previous owner. The novelist and his servant encounter strange happenings here - the gramophone plays on its own, objects move around. The novelist finds some old letters written to Bhargavi (Vijaya Nirmala) by her lover Sasikumar (Prem Nazir). It is believed that the ghost of Bhargavi now haunts this house. The letters give some indication about their love affair and their tragic death. The novelist decides to probe the matter. He starts writing the story of Bhargavi. The information gathered from the local people and the hints in the letters help him in his writing. The story develops. Bhargavi falls in love with her neighbour Sasikumar who is a talented poet and singer. Bharagavi's father's nephew, Nanukuttan (P. J. Antony) is also in love with Bhargavi. But Bhargavi hates Nanukuttan who is a wicked wastrel. Nanukuttan tries all nasty tricks to separate the lovers. He kills Sasikumar. Bharagavi becomes furious when she comes to know of her lover's murder. In a scuffle Nanukuttan pushes Bhargavi into a well, killing her. Nanukuttan spreads the news that Bhargavi had committed suicide. The novelist reads out the story to the ghost who by now has become quite compassionate with him. Nanukuttan overhears the story. He fears that once the story is published the truth behind the death of Bhargavi and Sasikumar will be out. He attacks the novelist and a fight ensues. During the fight both Nanukuttan and the novelist reaches the well in which Bharagavi was drowned. While trying to push the novelist into the well, Nanukuttan loses his balance. He falls into the well and is killed, while the novelist has a narrow escape. The novelist then prays for the peace of Bhargavi's soul and the movie ends with the laugh of Bhargavi. Cast Prem Nazir as Sasikumar Madhu as Novelist Vijaya Nirmala as Bhargavi P. J. Antony as Narayanan Nair aka Nanukuttan Adoor Bhasi as Cheriya Pareekanni Kuthiravattam Pappu as Kuthiravattom Pappu Kottayam Santha as Suma Mala Shantha as Bhargavi's mother (voiced by TR Omana) Inspirations The screenplay written by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer is based on his own short story Neela Velicham. But the movie also contains instances from some of his other short stories which he claims as his own life experiences. The scene were the young writer saw a beautiful woman on a beach is actually adapted from the short story Nilavu Kanumbol were Basheer himself claims that he has seen a naked woman taking bath in a beach and when he tried to speak to her she disappeared. Similarly the scene where the young Bhargavi requests Sasikumar's help for preparing a speech is actually based on the short story Hunthrappy Bussatto, which again we can find in the Novel Anuragathinte Dinangal. The lyrics for the song "Ekanthathayude Apaara Theeram" is taken from the short story Anargha Nimisham. Soundtrack The film had a successful and acclaimed soundtrack composed by M. S. Baburaj which is regarded as the noted composer's master piece. The lyrics are penned by noted poet P. Bhaskaran. The soundtrack consists of seven songs, mostly based on Hindustani. Baburaj took inspiration from popular Bollywood songs while composing "Thamasamenthe Varuvan" (from "Mere Mehboob Tujhe" and also perhaps from "Humse Aaya Na Gaya") and "Vasantha Panchami" (from "Chaudhwin Ka Chand"). The soundtrack received immense critical praise for the high quality instrumentation and was one of the biggest audio hits of all time. The song "Thamasamenthe Varuvan" was selected by Naushad Ali as one of the few of his favourite songs when he visited Baburaj Music Academy in 1988. "Thamasamenthe Varuvan" is also regarded as one of the most loved songs in Malayalam music history. It was voted the "Best Song in Malayalam" by Malayala Manorama in a special issue published as part of 50th anniversary of formation of Kerala state. Box office The film was highest grossing Malayalam film at that time and a commercial success. See also List of Malayalam horror films References External links Category:Indian films Category:Indian romantic horror films Category:1960s Malayalam-language films Category:1964 films Category:Directorial debut films Category:1964 horror films Category:Indian black-and-white films Category:Works by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer Category:1960s romance films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Romualdas Brazauskas Romualdas Brazauskas (born July 31, 1960 in Biržai) is a Lithuanian basketball referee. After graduation from Vilnius Pedagogical Institute in 1983, Brazauskas became a FIBA judge in 1987 and since then he has judged basketball games in the Olympics, FIBA European and World Championships, Euroleague (including ten final games). In 2010, Brazauskas was awarded a Golden Whistle by FIBA at the World Championship in Turkey becoming a second person in history to receive this honorary award. He is the chief judge at the Lithuanian Women's Basketball League, member of the Executive Committee of the Lithuanian Basketball Judge Association Executive Committee, and director of the Lithuanian Basketball League. Major championships Major championships, which he refereed: 1995 Eurobasket, Athens 1997 EuroBasket, Barcelona 1999 Eurobasket, Paris 2001 EuroBasket, Istanbul 2009 EuroBasket, Poland (including the finals) 1998 Goodwill Games, New York 1998 FIBA World Championship, Athens, 2002 FIBA World Championship, Indianapolis 2006 FIBA World Championship, Saitama 2010 FIBA World Championship, Istanbul 1992 Summer Olympics, Barcelona 1996 Summer Olympics, Atlanta (including women tournament's final) 2000 Summer Olympics, Sydney (including men tournament's final) 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing (including men tournament's final) References Romualdas Brazauskas. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. III (Beketeriai-Chakasai). V.: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2003, p. 439 info.lt Pristatytas naujas SEB BBL sezonas Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:Lithuanian basketball referees Category:People from Biržai	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sud Oranais – Gourara language Sud Oranais – Gourara is a Glottolog classification that includes: Gurara language, spoken in Algeria South Oran and Figuig Berber, spoken in Algeria and Morocco References Category:Glottolog languages that correspond to more than one Wikipedia article	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Herbert Studd Brigadier General Herbert William Studd (26 December 1870 – 8 August 1947) was an English first-class cricketer and soldier. Cricketer Studd was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a right-handed batsman. He made his first-class debut for Middlesex against the touring Australians in 1890. During the match Studd took his only first-class wicket, that of Jack Blackham. This match was to be Studd's only appearance for Middlesex. Studd's next first-class appearance came in the same season for the Marylebone Cricket Club, playing two first-class matches against Cambridge University and Oxford University. Five years later Studd toured Ireland with the Marylebone Cricket Club, playing a single first-class match against Dublin University, during which he made his maiden first-class half century, scoring 71. This was Studd's final first-class match for the club. In Studd's three matches for the club he scored 132 runs at an average of 26.40, with a high score of 71. In 1898 Studd joined Hampshire, making his debut for the club in the County Championship against Leicestershire, where on debut Studd made scores of 49 and 44. Studd's second first-class half century came later in the season against Sussex, where he scored 60 in Hampshire's first innings. Studd's final first-class match came against Warwickshire later in the 1898 season. In his five first-class matches for the county he scored 217 runs at an average of 31.00, with a high score of 60. In his overall first-class career Studd scored 352 runs at an average of 27.07. Soldier Studd was commissioned into the Coldstream Guards as a second lieutenant on 25 July 1891, and promoted to lieutenant on 2 January 1897. He served in South Africa through the Second Boer War 1899–1902; where he took part in operations in the Orange Free State (April to May 1900), the Transvaal (May to June 1900, July to November 1900) and Cape Colony; and was present at several major battles, including at Belmont, Enslin and Modder River (November 1899), Magersfontein (December 1899), Poplar Grove and Driefontein (March 1900), Diamond Hill (June 1900), Bergendal and Komatipoort (August 1900). For his services during the war, he was promoted to captain on 11 February 1900, and was awarded the Queen's and King's Medals, a mention in despatches and the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). Following the end of the war, he return to the United Kingdom in August 1902. He passed the Staff College in 1905 and served as Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, London District 1905–09 and as GSO2 at the War Office 1912–14. He served through the Great War, was severely wounded and mentioned in despatches, and was awarded the CMG, CB and numerous foreign orders. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, brevet colonel and temporary brigadier-general. During the war he first commanded 19th Reserve Brigade, then 180th Brigade. He was Chief of Staff of XI Corps 1916–17 and of the British Section of the Supreme War Council 1917–1919. He returned to England to command his regiment in 1919 and retired on account of ill-health caused by wounds in 1923, when he was granted the honorary full rank of brigadier-general. Studd died at Bayswater, London, on 8 August 1947. Family Herbert Studd was a son of Edward Studd, a rich planter who, on returning from India, took the lease of Tedworth House, Tidworth, Wiltshire. In 1894 Herbert Studd married Mary Cole, née de Vere, granddaughter of Sir Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Baronet. She was widow of Major William Cole, 3rd Dragoon Guards (one of their sons was Horace de Vere Cole). They had two daughters. She died in 1930 and he married Alice Maude Tullis. Honours Companion of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (CB) Companion of The Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) Distinguished Service Order (DSO) Queen's South Africa Medal with six clasps King's South Africa Medal with two clasps Mention in Despatches (South African War) Mention in Despatches (Great War) (twice) Commander, Legion of Honour (France) Officer, Order of Leopold (Belgium) Croce di Guerra (Italy) Commander, Order of the Crown of Italy Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army) References External links STUDD, Brig.-Gen. Herbert William, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 10 June 2012 Herbert Studd at Cricinfo Herbert Studd at CricketArchive Matches and detailed statistics for Herbert Studd Category:1870 births Category:1947 deaths Category:People from Tidworth Category:People from Wiltshire Category:People educated at Eton College Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Category:English cricketers Category:Middlesex cricketers Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Category:Hampshire cricketers Category:Coldstream Guards officers Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War Category:British Army personnel of World War I Category:British Army generals of World War I Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Category:Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur Category:Recipients of the War Cross for Military Valor Category:Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States) Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Minerva (1812 ship) Minerva was launched in 1812 at Aberdeen. Her career is obscure. Circa 1823 she visited New South Wales and was condemned at Valparaiso in 1823 on her way home. Minerva first appeared in the Register of Shipping (RS) in 1822 with Bell, master, W. Gibbon, owner, and trade London–Leith, changing to Leith–to New South Wales. In 1823 it showed Minerva with Bell, master, W.Gibbon, owner, and trade Leith–to New South Wales. Minerva first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1823 with J.Bell, master, R.Gibbons, owner, and trade Liverpool–New South Wales. Then on 11 November 1823 Lloyd's List passed on a report that Minerva, Bell, master, on her way from New South Wales, had put into Valparaiso in distress and had been condemned there. Citations and references Citations References Category:1812 ships Category:Maritime incidents in November 1823	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Vivien Alcock Vivien Alcock (23 September 1924 – 11 October 2003) was an English writer of children's books. Life and career Alcock was born in Worthing, now in West Sussex, England, and her family moved to Devizes in Wiltshire when she was ten years old. She was the youngest of three sisters who were devoted to reading, drawing, and storytelling. Alcock studied at Oxford University's Ruskin School of Drawing until 1942, when she left the program to join the women's branch of the British Army (Auxiliary Territorial Service). Alcock and Leon Garfield met while she was driving ambulances in Belgium. They married and adopted a daughter, named Jane after Jane Austen. Garfield became a successful children's writer in the 1960s. Her own first book published was The Haunting of Cassie Palmer, from Methuen in 1980 when she was 56 years old. She followed The Haunting with The Stonewalkers (1981) and about twenty others. The Cuckoo Sister (1985) and The Monster Garden (1988) are her two most widely held works as catalogued by WorldCat libraries. Published writings The Haunting of Cassie Palmer (1980) – produced as a 1981 film of the same name The Stonewalkers (1981) – also produced as an audio cassette The Sylvia Game (1982) Travellers by Night (1983) Ghostly Companions: A Feast of Chilling Tales (1984) – includes "A Change of Aunts" (1984) The Cuckoo Sister (1985) Wait and See (1986) The Mysterious Mr. Ross (1987) A Kind of Thief (1988) The Monster Garden (1988) The Thing in the Woods (1989) The Trial of Anna Cotman (1989) The Dancing Bush (1991) Singer to the Sea God (1992) Othergran (1993) The Face at the Window (1994); US ed., Stranger at the Window (1998) The Wrecker (1994) Time Wreck (1996); US ed., The Red-Eared Ghosts (1997) The Silver Egg (1997) A Gift on a String (1998) Ticket to Heaven (2000) The Boy Who Swallowed a Ghost (2001) Awards and Honours Awards Best science fiction/fantasy book, Voice of Youth Advocates, 1988, The Monster Garden Runners-up Carnegie Medal, shortlist, The Trial of Anna Cotman Listings Notable Books for Children, American Library Association: 1985 Travellers by Night, 1986 The Cuckoo Sister, 1988 The Monster Garden Horn Book Honor List, The Horn Book Magazine: 1985 Travellers by Night Horn Book Fanfare Best Books of the Year: 1989 The Monster Garden, 1993 A Kind of Thief Notes References External links Obituary by Julia Eccleshare in The Guardian Vivien Alcock at Fantastic Fiction – bibliographic data with many cover images Category:1924 births Category:2003 deaths Category:English children's writers Category:People from Worthing Category:English women novelists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Vroom (song) "Vroom" is a song by British rapper Yxng Bane. It was released as a single through Disturbing London on 16 March 2018, peaking at number 27 on the UK chart. A remix, featuring Jamaican reggae and dancehall singer Beenie Man, was released on 25 May 2018. The song was written by Desmond Child, Tarik Collins, Moses Davies, Emmanuel Ezeonyebuchi, Jeremy Harding, Sean Henriques, Guystone Menga, Glenard Patnelli, Troy Rami, Robi Rosa and Gabriel Wood, and produced by Team Salut. Track listing Charts Certifications References Category:2018 singles Category:2018 songs Category:Songs written by Desmond Child Category:Songs written by Sean Paul	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mess Is Mine "Mess Is Mine" is a single by Australian singer-songwriter Vance Joy from his debut studio album Dream Your Life Away (2014). The song was released in Australia as a digital download on 9 July 2014 through Liberation Music, and it has peaked at number 37 on the Australian national singles chart, Music video A music video to accompany the release of "Mess Is Mine" was first released onto YouTube on 9 July 2014 at a total length of three minutes and fifty-four seconds and was directed by Luci Schroder. Popular culture "Mess is Mine" features in the soundtrack of the popular video game by EA Sports, FIFA 15 as final track in game soundtrack's album. It was also featured in fourth season of the American television show Hart of Dixie, the first episode of the Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why, and in the trailer for the 2017 film The Big Sick and 2018 Netflix original film Sierra Burgess is a Loser. Vance has also publicly said the song and many others on this album were written about Amber Morris, a girl he met while touring in Texas. Track listing Charts Certifications Release history References Category:2014 singles Category:2014 songs Category:Vance Joy songs Category:Songs written by Vance Joy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Phyllocnistis liquidambarisella Phyllocnistis liquidambarisella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from the United States (New York, Maryland, Kentucky, Georgia, Texas, Florida). The hostplant for the species is Liquidambar styraciflua. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a long, winding, linear mine on the upperside of the leaf. It is rather indistinct, without any central line of frass. References External links Bug Guide Category:Phyllocnistis Category:Endemic fauna of the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Parada e Failde Parada e Failde is a civil parish in the municipality of Bragança, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Parada and Failde. The population in 2011 was 657, in an area of 52.13 km². References Category:Parishes of Bragança, Portugal	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Georges Morel Georges Morel (11 July 1938 – 21 November 2004) was a French rower who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics. Morel was born in La Teste-de-Buch in 1938 and died there in 2004, aged 66. In 1964 he was a crew member of the French boat that won the silver medal in the coxed pair event partnered with his elder brother Jacques Morel. References External links Category:1938 births Category:2004 deaths Category:People from La Teste-de-Buch Category:French male rowers Category:Olympic rowers of France Category:Rowers at the 1964 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic silver medalists for France Category:Olympic medalists in rowing Category:Knights of the National Order of Merit (France) Category:World Rowing Championships medalists for France Category:Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics Category:Sportspeople from Gironde	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Yona Sabar Yona Sabar (, born 1938 in Zakho, Iraq) is a Kurdish Jewish scholar, linguist and researcher. He is professor emeritus of Hebrew at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is a native speaker of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic and has published more than 90 research articles about Jewish Neo-Aramaic and the folklore of the Kurdish Jews. Sabar was born in the town of Zakho in northern Iraq. His family moved to Israel in 1951. He received a B.A. in Hebrew and Arabic from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1963 and a Ph.D. in Near Eastern Languages and Literatures from Yale University in 1970. His immigrant journey from the hills of Kurdistan to the highways of Los Angeles is the subject of an award-winning memoir by his son, Ariel Sabar, an American author and journalist. Ariel Sabar's book My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for his Jewish Past in Kurdish Iraq won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award for autobiography. Books The Folk Literature of the Kurdistani Jews: An Anthology, Yale University Press, 232 pp., 1982. A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dictionary: Dialects of Amidya, Dihok, Nerwa and Zakho, Northwestern Iraq, Harrassowitz, 337 pp., 2002. References External links Yona Sabar's UCLA website My Father's Paradise by Ariel Sabar Hollywood Calling by Ariel Sabar Prof. Sabar on the claim that Barzani is Jewish by JTA Category:Iraqi Jews Category:Iraqi emigrants to Israel Category:Kurdish Jews Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni Category:Yale University alumni Category:University of California, Los Angeles faculty Category:University of California Near Eastern Languages and Cultures faculty Category:Kurdish scholars Category:Kurdish social scientists Category:American people of Iraqi-Assyrian descent	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cornelis Lievense Cornelis Lievense (1890 – September 22, 1949) was a Dutch businessman who ran several import/export companies in the United States from the 1920s through the 1940s. Lievense was born in Maassluis, The Netherlands, and came to the United States in 1924. During his career in the United States, Lievense was the President or director of a number of import/export companies and banks, most notably the Union Banking Corporation, whose assets were seized by the United States government in 1942 under the Trading with the Enemy Act and the Domestic Fuel Corporation, which was blacklisted by the Canadian government in 1940 for similar suspicions. Lievense died at his home in Ridgewood, New Jersey, on September 22, 1949 at the age of 59. References Category:1899 births Category:1949 deaths Category:Dutch businesspeople Category:People from Maassluis Category:People from Ridgewood, New Jersey	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Morchella fluvialis Morchella fluvialis is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae. It was described as new to science in 2014 by Clowez and colleagues, following collections from riparian forests in Spain under Alnus glutinosa, Ulmus minor and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, although previous collections from Turkey under Pinus nigra have also been reported. This species, which corresponds to phylogenetic lineage Mes-18, is very close to Morchella esculenta, from which it differs in its elongated cap with oblong pits and predominantly longitudinal ridges, pronounced rufescence, as well as its Mediterranean hygrophilic distribution along rivers and streams. References External links Category:Fungi described in 2014 Category:Fungi of Europe Category:Morchellaceae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dhoom Dhoom "Dhoom Dhoom" is the title track and single composed by Pritam and sung by the pop singer, Tata Young for the 2004 film and album, Dhoom. Dhoom was released in August 2004, going on to win several awards and took on international fame. It quickly soared high on the billboards top in 2004 to 2005. Chart performance The song was the singer's most successful single ever in India. It was a major hit, reaching #1 for several weeks to months in many Asian countries music charts. It was number one in various countries such as India, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Starting from August 2004 to as far as late as 2005. Tata Young received the MTV Immies: Indian Music Excellence and the popular music awards in India for this song. She later went on tour for Dhoom Dhoom around the world. The song later appears on Best of Tata Young, a compilation album in tribute for her greatest hits. EP The success of "Dhoom Dhoom" paved the way for the release of the "Dhoom Dhoom EP". Music video The music video first appeared in the movie Dhoom. It shows Tata Young singing and appearances of several Bollywood actors from the film, Abhishek Bachchan, John Abraham, and Uday Chopra. It shows various clips from the movie, mostly stunts, mixed into the video towards the beginning. At first she is seen dancing. Tata Young is later seen with Abhishek Bachchan and the two sit together in a hot tub surrounded by thousands of lit candles. Next she is in an S and M-styled scene, whip in hand, with a tied up Uday Chopra. Finally, John Abraham and Tata Young are playfully fighting in a large pool of mud. The making of the music video, "Dhoom Dhoom", appeared on MTV India and was hosted by Tata Young and Arjun Sablok. Alleged plagiarism Canadian songwriter Jesse Cook accused Pritam of copying his song "Mario Takes a Walk" (from his album Gravity) for "Dhoom Dhoom". Cook commented in an interview that he loves Pritam's version and that "there’s no reason to steal when I would be happy to share". References Category:2004 singles Category:2004 songs Category:Songs with music by Pritam Chakraborty	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Noureddine Saïl Noureddine Saïl (born 1947) is a Moroccan media executive, educator, film critic and writer. For four decades he has played a central role in encouraging Moroccan cinema. Life Noureddine Saïl was born in Tangier. He completed secondary education at Lycée Ibn Al Khatib in Tangier and gained a DES in philosophy from the Faculty of Letters in Rabat. He taught philosophy at Lycée Moulay Youssef in Rabat. In 1970 Saïl, influenced by the Third Cinema movement, launched Morocco's first cinema magazine, the short-lived Cinéma 3. Though only a few issues were published, Cinéma 3 prompted cinematic pages to appear in national newspapers for the first time. In 1973 he founded the Fédération Nationale de Ciné-Clubs de Maroc (FNCCM), and was its president until 1983. The FNCCM helped to establish the Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga in 1977. From 1975 to 1984 Saïl was an inspector general of philosophy instruction. From 1984 to 1986 he was program director of Télévision Marocaine (TVM). From 1989 to 1990 he was an audiovisual consultant at Omnium Nord-Africain (ONA), and from 1990 to 2000 he was program director and director general of Canal Horizons. In 2000 Saïl became director of 2M, launching a plan to increase its national television production by making local telefilms. Their first production was The Blind Whale, Morocco's first police television film. By 2002 the station was making one telefilm a month, and by 2006 it was making two telefilms a month. From 2003 to 2014 Saïl was director of the Moroccan Cinematographic Center (CCM). Works Films (as writer) Le Grand Voyage, dir. Mohammed Abderrahman Tazi, 1981 Badis, dir. Mohammed Abderrahman Tazi, 1990 Lalla Hobbi, dir. Mohammed Abderrahman Tazi, 1996 Novels A l'Ombre du Chroniquer References Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:Media executives Category:Film festival founders Category:Moroccan film people Category:Moroccan philosophers Category:Moroccan educators Category:Moroccan film critics Category:Moroccan screenwriters	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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