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1,201 | How to Add and Remove a Program Icon From the Dock of a Mac Computer | 1. Adding a Program Icon to the Dock
1-1. Navigate to the program you want to add to the Dock.
Open the folder that contains the program. You can also add a folder or document.
If you're not sure where it is, search for the name using Spotlight (the magnifying glass in the top right corner), or the search bar in the top right of any Finder folder.
1-2. Drag the program icon to the left side of the Dock.
Your Dock has a small dividing line. Programs can only go on the left side of this line, while folders and documents go on the right.
If your Dock is arranged vertically, programs go above the line, and documents go below it.
1-3. Drop the file onto the Dock.
Hover the icon over the Dock until the two nearby icons move apart to make room for it. Release the mouse button to drop the icon onto your Dock.
1-4. Add icons using Launchpad.
To see all your applications at once, open Launchpad in the Applications folder. You should see a grid of all your application icons, which you can drag onto your Dock.
2. Removing a Program Icon from the Dock
2-1. Quit the program.
All programs will appear on the Dock while they are open. Quit the application first so you can tell when you've successfully removed it from the Dock.
A program is open if it has a small dot next to the Dock icon, even if no windows are open. Right-click the icon (or hold Control and click}) and select "Quit" or "Force Quit" to close the program.
2-2. Drag the icon off the Dock and across the screen.
Click and hold the program icon on your Dock. Drag the icon at least a third of the way across the screen, away from the Dock.
2-3. Wait a couple of seconds.
Don't release the mouse button right away, or the program will just jump back to the Dock. Wait until the program icon turns transparent. (You might see other visual indicators on some versions of OS X, such as the word "Remove" or a little cloud appearing over the icon.)
If nothing happens to the icon, move it farther from the Dock.
2-4. Release the mouse button.
An animation resembling a poof of smoke will indicate that the program icon has been removed from the Dock.
2-5. Use the right-click menu instead.
You can also use a drop down menu to remove an item from the Dock:
Right-click the icon (or hold down Control and click).
Hover over "Options."
Select "Remove from Dock."
If the Options sub-menu says "Keep in Dock" as well, the program is open. Click "Keep in Dock" to uncheck that option, and the program will disappear from the Dock once you close it.
3. Troubleshooting
3-1. Restart your computer.
This may fix the problem if the application is failing to quit properly. There are many issues this won't fix, but it's an easy option that's worth trying first.
3-2. Look for the program in Activity Monitor.
If you can add and remove most programs, but one of them won't leave your Dock, it's probably "open" — even if it doesn't look like it. If restarting didn't solve the problem, try this:
Go to Applications → Utilities and open Activity Monitor.
Search the list for a process with the name of the application you are trying to remove from the Dock.
Click that name, then click the "X" button at the top of the window to quit that process.
Repeat the process for all other processes with a similar name.
3-3. Check parental controls.
If you are using an account with parental controls, you may not be able to change the Dock. If you have the password for an administrator account, you can enable Dock modification:
Open System Preferences in the Applications folder.
Select your account.
If the options are greyed out, click the lock in the bottom left corner and enter an administrator username and password.
Select the "Other" tab.
Uncheck "Prevent the Dock from being modified" or "Allow this user to modify the Dock."
3-4. Repair Disk Permissions.
Problems with accessing or changing files can happen if the files that set user permissions are corrupted. Try running an automatic repair process to see if this fixes the issue:
If you are using 10.11 El Capitan, your computer should protect your permissions automatically. This option is only available (and only necessary) on 10.10 Yosemite or earlier.
Go to Applications → Utilities and open Disk Utility.
Select your hard drive in the left pane.
Click the First Aid button near the top of the window.
Press Repair Disk Permissions and wait for it to finish. This may take a long time, especially if you have a large or slow hard drive. Your computer may be slow or unresponsive during this time.
3-5. Relaunch Dock in Terminal.
You can use Terminal to enable changes to your Dock and relaunch it to fix buggy behavior, all in one command. Just follow these instructions:
Go to Applications → Utilities and open Terminal.
Copy-paste this command into the Terminal window: defaults write com.apple.dock contents-immutable -bool false;killall Dock
Press ⏎ Return. Wait a few seconds while your Dock relaunches.
3-6. Reset the Dock completely.
If nothing else works, you can restore your Dock to its default state. This will remove any icons you've added to the Dock. Follow these instructions:
Go to Applications → Utilities and open Terminal.
Copy-paste this command into Terminal: defaults delete com.apple.dock; killall Dock
Press ⏎ Return. Wait for your Dock to relaunch with default icons.
3-7. Get rid of malware
If the icon stuck on your Dock is an advertisement or a program you didn't put there, install antivirus software. Have it scan your hard drive for malware, and delete the malware causing the problem.
Tips
To move a program icon to a different location within the Dock, click and drag the icon in the Dock to a new location within the Dock, then drop the icon into place by releasing your mouse.
Add multiple program icons to the Dock by selecting the icons all at the same time, then dragging and dropping them in a group into the Dock.
To save room on your Dock, move several programs to one folder, then put the folder on the Dock.
Warnings
The Finder and Trash icons cannot be removed from the Dock on your Mac computer. These programs have been permanently embedded in the Dock by Mac developers.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:48",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adding a Program Icon to the Dock\\n1-1. Navigate to the program you want to add to the Dock.\\nOpen the folder that contains the program. You can also add a folder or document.\\nIf you're not sure where it is, search for the name using Spotlight (the magnifying glass in the top right corner), or the search bar in the top right of any Finder folder.\\n1-2. Drag the program icon to the left side of the Dock.\\nYour Dock has a small dividing line. Programs can only go on the left side of this line, while folders and documents go on the right.\\nIf your Dock is arranged vertically, programs go above the line, and documents go below it.\\n1-3. Drop the file onto the Dock.\\nHover the icon over the Dock until the two nearby icons move apart to make room for it. Release the mouse button to drop the icon onto your Dock.\\n1-4. Add icons using Launchpad.\\nTo see all your applications at once, open Launchpad in the Applications folder. You should see a grid of all your application icons, which you can drag onto your Dock.\\n2. Removing a Program Icon from the Dock\\n2-1. Quit the program.\\nAll programs will appear on the Dock while they are open. Quit the application first so you can tell when you've successfully removed it from the Dock.\\nA program is open if it has a small dot next to the Dock icon, even if no windows are open. Right-click the icon (or hold Control and click}) and select \\\"Quit\\\" or \\\"Force Quit\\\" to close the program.\\n2-2. Drag the icon off the Dock and across the screen.\\nClick and hold the program icon on your Dock. Drag the icon at least a third of the way across the screen, away from the Dock.\\n2-3. Wait a couple of seconds.\\nDon't release the mouse button right away, or the program will just jump back to the Dock. Wait until the program icon turns transparent. (You might see other visual indicators on some versions of OS X, such as the word \\\"Remove\\\" or a little cloud appearing over the icon.)\\nIf nothing happens to the icon, move it farther from the Dock.\\n2-4. Release the mouse button.\\nAn animation resembling a poof of smoke will indicate that the program icon has been removed from the Dock.\\n2-5. Use the right-click menu instead.\\nYou can also use a drop down menu to remove an item from the Dock:\\nRight-click the icon (or hold down Control and click).\\nHover over \\\"Options.\\\"\\nSelect \\\"Remove from Dock.\\\"\\nIf the Options sub-menu says \\\"Keep in Dock\\\" as well, the program is open. Click \\\"Keep in Dock\\\" to uncheck that option, and the program will disappear from the Dock once you close it.\\n3. Troubleshooting\\n3-1. Restart your computer.\\nThis may fix the problem if the application is failing to quit properly. There are many issues this won't fix, but it's an easy option that's worth trying first.\\n3-2. Look for the program in Activity Monitor.\\nIf you can add and remove most programs, but one of them won't leave your Dock, it's probably \\\"open\\\" — even if it doesn't look like it. If restarting didn't solve the problem, try this:\\nGo to Applications → Utilities and open Activity Monitor.\\nSearch the list for a process with the name of the application you are trying to remove from the Dock.\\nClick that name, then click the \\\"X\\\" button at the top of the window to quit that process.\\nRepeat the process for all other processes with a similar name.\\n3-3. Check parental controls.\\nIf you are using an account with parental controls, you may not be able to change the Dock. If you have the password for an administrator account, you can enable Dock modification:\\nOpen System Preferences in the Applications folder.\\nSelect your account.\\nIf the options are greyed out, click the lock in the bottom left corner and enter an administrator username and password.\\nSelect the \\\"Other\\\" tab.\\nUncheck \\\"Prevent the Dock from being modified\\\" or \\\"Allow this user to modify the Dock.\\\"\\n3-4. Repair Disk Permissions.\\nProblems with accessing or changing files can happen if the files that set user permissions are corrupted. Try running an automatic repair process to see if this fixes the issue:\\nIf you are using 10.11 El Capitan, your computer should protect your permissions automatically. This option is only available (and only necessary) on 10.10 Yosemite or earlier.\\nGo to Applications → Utilities and open Disk Utility.\\nSelect your hard drive in the left pane.\\nClick the First Aid button near the top of the window.\\nPress Repair Disk Permissions and wait for it to finish. This may take a long time, especially if you have a large or slow hard drive. Your computer may be slow or unresponsive during this time.\\n3-5. Relaunch Dock in Terminal.\\nYou can use Terminal to enable changes to your Dock and relaunch it to fix buggy behavior, all in one command. Just follow these instructions:\\nGo to Applications → Utilities and open Terminal.\\nCopy-paste this command into the Terminal window: defaults write com.apple.dock contents-immutable -bool false;killall Dock\\nPress ⏎ Return. Wait a few seconds while your Dock relaunches.\\n3-6. Reset the Dock completely.\\nIf nothing else works, you can restore your Dock to its default state. This will remove any icons you've added to the Dock. Follow these instructions:\\nGo to Applications → Utilities and open Terminal.\\nCopy-paste this command into Terminal: defaults delete com.apple.dock; killall Dock\\nPress ⏎ Return. Wait for your Dock to relaunch with default icons.\\n3-7. Get rid of malware\\nIf the icon stuck on your Dock is an advertisement or a program you didn't put there, install antivirus software. Have it scan your hard drive for malware, and delete the malware causing the problem.\\nTips\\nTo move a program icon to a different location within the Dock, click and drag the icon in the Dock to a new location within the Dock, then drop the icon into place by releasing your mouse.\\nAdd multiple program icons to the Dock by selecting the icons all at the same time, then dragging and dropping them in a group into the Dock.\\nTo save room on your Dock, move several programs to one folder, then put the folder on the Dock.\\nWarnings\\nThe Finder and Trash icons cannot be removed from the Dock on your Mac computer. These programs have been permanently embedded in the Dock by Mac developers.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Your Dock can hold icons for any application, file, or folder. Since it also displays any programs you have open, an icon can get \\\"stuck\\\" when the program fails to quit. Fortunately, a few basic troubleshooting steps can solve this problem as well as others that prevent the Dock from working properly.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adding a Program Icon to the Dock\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Navigate to the program you want to add to the Dock.\", \"描述\": \"Open the folder that contains the program. You can also add a folder or document.\\nIf you're not sure where it is, search for the name using Spotlight (the magnifying glass in the top right corner), or the search bar in the top right of any Finder folder.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Drag the program icon to the left side of the Dock.\", \"描述\": \"Your Dock has a small dividing line. Programs can only go on the left side of this line, while folders and documents go on the right.\\nIf your Dock is arranged vertically, programs go above the line, and documents go below it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Drop the file onto the Dock.\", \"描述\": \"Hover the icon over the Dock until the two nearby icons move apart to make room for it. Release the mouse button to drop the icon onto your Dock.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add icons using Launchpad.\", \"描述\": \"To see all your applications at once, open Launchpad in the Applications folder. You should see a grid of all your application icons, which you can drag onto your Dock.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Removing a Program Icon from the Dock\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Quit the program.\", \"描述\": \"All programs will appear on the Dock while they are open. Quit the application first so you can tell when you've successfully removed it from the Dock.\\nA program is open if it has a small dot next to the Dock icon, even if no windows are open. Right-click the icon (or hold Control and click}) and select \\\"Quit\\\" or \\\"Force Quit\\\" to close the program.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Drag the icon off the Dock and across the screen.\", \"描述\": \"Click and hold the program icon on your Dock. Drag the icon at least a third of the way across the screen, away from the Dock.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wait a couple of seconds.\", \"描述\": \"Don't release the mouse button right away, or the program will just jump back to the Dock. Wait until the program icon turns transparent. (You might see other visual indicators on some versions of OS X, such as the word \\\"Remove\\\" or a little cloud appearing over the icon.)\\nIf nothing happens to the icon, move it farther from the Dock.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Release the mouse button.\", \"描述\": \"An animation resembling a poof of smoke will indicate that the program icon has been removed from the Dock.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use the right-click menu instead.\", \"描述\": \"You can also use a drop down menu to remove an item from the Dock:\\nRight-click the icon (or hold down Control and click).\\nHover over \\\"Options.\\\"\\nSelect \\\"Remove from Dock.\\\"\\nIf the Options sub-menu says \\\"Keep in Dock\\\" as well, the program is open. Click \\\"Keep in Dock\\\" to uncheck that option, and the program will disappear from the Dock once you close it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Troubleshooting\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Restart your computer.\", \"描述\": \"This may fix the problem if the application is failing to quit properly. There are many issues this won't fix, but it's an easy option that's worth trying first.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for the program in Activity Monitor.\", \"描述\": \"If you can add and remove most programs, but one of them won't leave your Dock, it's probably \\\"open\\\" — even if it doesn't look like it. If restarting didn't solve the problem, try this:\\nGo to Applications → Utilities and open Activity Monitor.\\nSearch the list for a process with the name of the application you are trying to remove from the Dock.\\nClick that name, then click the \\\"X\\\" button at the top of the window to quit that process.\\nRepeat the process for all other processes with a similar name.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check parental controls.\", \"描述\": \"If you are using an account with parental controls, you may not be able to change the Dock. If you have the password for an administrator account, you can enable Dock modification:\\nOpen System Preferences in the Applications folder.\\nSelect your account.\\nIf the options are greyed out, click the lock in the bottom left corner and enter an administrator username and password.\\nSelect the \\\"Other\\\" tab.\\nUncheck \\\"Prevent the Dock from being modified\\\" or \\\"Allow this user to modify the Dock.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Repair Disk Permissions.\", \"描述\": \"Problems with accessing or changing files can happen if the files that set user permissions are corrupted. Try running an automatic repair process to see if this fixes the issue:\\nIf you are using 10.11 El Capitan, your computer should protect your permissions automatically. This option is only available (and only necessary) on 10.10 Yosemite or earlier.\\nGo to Applications → Utilities and open Disk Utility.\\nSelect your hard drive in the left pane.\\nClick the First Aid button near the top of the window.\\nPress Repair Disk Permissions and wait for it to finish. This may take a long time, especially if you have a large or slow hard drive. Your computer may be slow or unresponsive during this time.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Relaunch Dock in Terminal.\", \"描述\": \"You can use Terminal to enable changes to your Dock and relaunch it to fix buggy behavior, all in one command. Just follow these instructions:\\nGo to Applications → Utilities and open Terminal.\\nCopy-paste this command into the Terminal window: defaults write com.apple.dock contents-immutable -bool false;killall Dock\\nPress ⏎ Return. Wait a few seconds while your Dock relaunches.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Reset the Dock completely.\", \"描述\": \"If nothing else works, you can restore your Dock to its default state. This will remove any icons you've added to the Dock. Follow these instructions:\\nGo to Applications → Utilities and open Terminal.\\nCopy-paste this command into Terminal: defaults delete com.apple.dock; killall Dock\\nPress ⏎ Return. Wait for your Dock to relaunch with default icons.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Get rid of malware\", \"描述\": \"If the icon stuck on your Dock is an advertisement or a program you didn't put there, install antivirus software. Have it scan your hard drive for malware, and delete the malware causing the problem.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"To move a program icon to a different location within the Dock, click and drag the icon in the Dock to a new location within the Dock, then drop the icon into place by releasing your mouse.\\n\", \"Add multiple program icons to the Dock by selecting the icons all at the same time, then dragging and dropping them in a group into the Dock.\\n\", \"To save room on your Dock, move several programs to one folder, then put the folder on the Dock.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"The Finder and Trash icons cannot be removed from the Dock on your Mac computer. These programs have been permanently embedded in the Dock by Mac developers.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,202 | How to Add and Simplify Fractions | 1. Adding Fractions with Like Denominators
1-1. Verify the fractions have the same denominator.
A denominator is the number below the fraction bar. If the fractions do not have the same denominator, you cannot use this method.
For example, if you are calculating 24+14{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{4}}+{\frac {1}{4}}}, you can note that both fractions have the same denominator: 4.
1-2. Add the numerators.
A numerator is the number above the fraction bar. Add numerators the same way you would add integers.
For example, the numerators of 24{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{4}}} and 14{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} are 2 and 1, so you would calculate 2+1=3{\displaystyle 2+1=3}. So, 3 is the numerator of your sum.
1-3. Place the numerators’ sum over the denominator.
Since both fractions you are adding have the same denominator, the denominator of their sum will also be the same.
For example, the sum of 24+14{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{4}}+{\frac {1}{4}}} will have a denominator of 4: 24+14=34{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{4}}+{\frac {1}{4}}={\frac {3}{4}}}.
2. Adding Fractions with Unlike Denominators
2-1. Verify the fractions have different denominators.
A denominator is the number below the fraction bar.
For example, if you are calculating 45+34{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}+{\frac {3}{4}}}, you can note that the fractions have different denominators: 5 and 4.
2-2. List the first several multiples of the smaller denominator.
A multiple is a number that another number equally divides into. You can also think of a multiple as the result of multiplying a number by a whole number. You are looking for the smallest multiple that the two denominators have in common.
For example, the smallest denominator in 45+34{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}+{\frac {3}{4}}} is 4. The first several multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. The smallest of these multiples that 5 shares with 4 is 20. So, 20 is the least common multiple of the two denominators.
2-3. Divide the first fraction’s denominator into the least common multiple.
The result will give you a factor of change. This factor tells you how much bigger the common multiple is than the denominator.
For example, if the least common multiple is 20, and the first fraction’s denominator is 5, you would calculate 205=4{\displaystyle {\frac {20}{5}}=4}. That means 4 is the factor of change. The least common multiple is 4 times larger than the denominator.
2-4. Multiply the numerator of the first fraction by the factor of change.
Doing this will keep the numerator and denominator of the equivalent fraction in proportion.
For example, if the factor of change is 4, and the first fraction’s numerator is 4, you would calculate 4×4=16{\displaystyle 4\times 4=16}.
2-5. Write the first fraction’s equivalent fraction.
The numerator will be the product of the factor of change and the original fraction’s numerator. The denominator will be the least common multiple.
For example, 45=1620{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}={\frac {16}{20}}}.
2-6. Divide the second fraction’s denominator into the least common multiple.
The result will give you a factor of change for the second fraction. This factor tells you how much bigger the common multiple is than the denominator.
For example, if the least common multiple is 20, and the second fraction’s denominator is 4, you would calculate 204=5{\displaystyle {\frac {20}{4}}=5}. That means 5 is the factor of change for the second fraction.
2-7. Multiply the numerator of the second fraction by the factor of change.
This will give you the numerator of your equivalent fraction.
For example, if the factor of change is 5, and the second fraction’s numerator is 3, you would calculate 5×3=15{\displaystyle 5\times 3=15}.
2-8. Write the second fraction’s equivalent fraction.
The numerator will be the product of the factor of change and the original fraction’s numerator. The denominator will be the least common multiple.
For example, 34=1520{\displaystyle {\frac {3}{4}}={\frac {15}{20}}}.
2-9. Add the numerators of the equivalent fractions.
Since the equivalent fractions have the same denominator, you can add the numerators as you normally would.
For example, 16+15=31{\displaystyle 16+15=31}.
2-10. Place the sum of the numerators over the new denominator.
Make sure you use the common denominator of the equivalent fractions.
For example, 1620+1520=3120{\displaystyle {\frac {16}{20}}+{\frac {15}{20}}={\frac {31}{20}}}.
3. Simplifying Fractions
3-1. Factor the numerator.
You want to factor the numerator into all of its prime factors. Remember that a prime number is a number that is only divisible by 1 and itself. Rewrite the fraction showing this prime factorization in the numerator.
For example, if simplifying the fraction 2490{\displaystyle {\frac {24}{90}}}, you would calculate that 24=2×2×2×3{\displaystyle 24=2\times 2\times 2\times 3}. So, rewrite the fraction as 2×2×2×390{\displaystyle {\frac {2\times 2\times 2\times 3}{90}}}
3-2. Factor the denominator.
You also want to factor the denominator into its prime factors. Rewrite the fraction showing its prime factorization in the denominator.
For example, if simplifying the fraction 2490{\displaystyle {\frac {24}{90}}}, you would calculate that 90=2×3×3×5{\displaystyle 90=2\times 3\times 3\times 5}. So, rewrite the fraction as 2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\displaystyle {\frac {2\times 2\times 2\times 3}{2\times 3\times 3\times 5}}}.
3-3. Cancel the factors common to the numerator and denominator.
Remember that when a factor is common to the top and bottom of a fraction, it cancels to 11{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1}}}. This means you can eliminate these factors, since any number multiplied by 1 is itself.
For example, you can cancel out a 2 and a 3 in the numerator and denominator: 2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\displaystyle {\frac {{\cancel {2\times }}2\times 2{\cancel {\times 3}}}{{\cancel {2\times }}{\cancel {3\times }}3\times 5}}}.
3-4. Rewrite the fraction with the remaining factors.
You want to simplify the fraction so that it only includes the factors that did not cancel. If more than one factor remains in either the numerator or denominator, you need to multiply them together to get a single integer. The result will be your simplified fraction.
For example:2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\displaystyle {\frac {{\cancel {2\times }}2\times 2{\cancel {\times 3}}}{{\cancel {2\times }}{\cancel {3\times }}3\times 5}}}2×23×5{\displaystyle {\frac {2\times 2}{3\times 5}}} 415{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{15}}}So, the fraction 2490{\displaystyle {\frac {24}{90}}} simplifies to 415{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{15}}}.
Tips
Subtracting fractions involves the same process. Be sure that all fractions involved have the same denominator, then subtract one numerator from the other, and write the result over the shared denominator. Simplify and/or reduce as above.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:48",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adding Fractions with Like Denominators\\n1-1. Verify the fractions have the same denominator.\\nA denominator is the number below the fraction bar. If the fractions do not have the same denominator, you cannot use this method.\\nFor example, if you are calculating 24+14{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2}{4}}+{\\\\frac {1}{4}}}, you can note that both fractions have the same denominator: 4.\\n1-2. Add the numerators.\\nA numerator is the number above the fraction bar. Add numerators the same way you would add integers.\\nFor example, the numerators of 24{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2}{4}}} and 14{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {1}{4}}} are 2 and 1, so you would calculate 2+1=3{\\\\displaystyle 2+1=3}. So, 3 is the numerator of your sum.\\n1-3. Place the numerators’ sum over the denominator.\\nSince both fractions you are adding have the same denominator, the denominator of their sum will also be the same.\\nFor example, the sum of 24+14{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2}{4}}+{\\\\frac {1}{4}}} will have a denominator of 4: 24+14=34{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2}{4}}+{\\\\frac {1}{4}}={\\\\frac {3}{4}}}.\\n2. Adding Fractions with Unlike Denominators\\n2-1. Verify the fractions have different denominators.\\nA denominator is the number below the fraction bar.\\nFor example, if you are calculating 45+34{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{5}}+{\\\\frac {3}{4}}}, you can note that the fractions have different denominators: 5 and 4.\\n2-2. List the first several multiples of the smaller denominator.\\nA multiple is a number that another number equally divides into. You can also think of a multiple as the result of multiplying a number by a whole number. You are looking for the smallest multiple that the two denominators have in common.\\nFor example, the smallest denominator in 45+34{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{5}}+{\\\\frac {3}{4}}} is 4. The first several multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. The smallest of these multiples that 5 shares with 4 is 20. So, 20 is the least common multiple of the two denominators.\\n2-3. Divide the first fraction’s denominator into the least common multiple.\\nThe result will give you a factor of change. This factor tells you how much bigger the common multiple is than the denominator.\\nFor example, if the least common multiple is 20, and the first fraction’s denominator is 5, you would calculate 205=4{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {20}{5}}=4}. That means 4 is the factor of change. The least common multiple is 4 times larger than the denominator.\\n2-4. Multiply the numerator of the first fraction by the factor of change.\\nDoing this will keep the numerator and denominator of the equivalent fraction in proportion.\\nFor example, if the factor of change is 4, and the first fraction’s numerator is 4, you would calculate 4×4=16{\\\\displaystyle 4\\\\times 4=16}.\\n2-5. Write the first fraction’s equivalent fraction.\\nThe numerator will be the product of the factor of change and the original fraction’s numerator. The denominator will be the least common multiple.\\nFor example, 45=1620{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{5}}={\\\\frac {16}{20}}}.\\n2-6. Divide the second fraction’s denominator into the least common multiple.\\nThe result will give you a factor of change for the second fraction. This factor tells you how much bigger the common multiple is than the denominator.\\nFor example, if the least common multiple is 20, and the second fraction’s denominator is 4, you would calculate 204=5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {20}{4}}=5}. That means 5 is the factor of change for the second fraction.\\n2-7. Multiply the numerator of the second fraction by the factor of change.\\nThis will give you the numerator of your equivalent fraction.\\nFor example, if the factor of change is 5, and the second fraction’s numerator is 3, you would calculate 5×3=15{\\\\displaystyle 5\\\\times 3=15}.\\n2-8. Write the second fraction’s equivalent fraction.\\nThe numerator will be the product of the factor of change and the original fraction’s numerator. The denominator will be the least common multiple.\\nFor example, 34=1520{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {3}{4}}={\\\\frac {15}{20}}}.\\n2-9. Add the numerators of the equivalent fractions.\\nSince the equivalent fractions have the same denominator, you can add the numerators as you normally would.\\nFor example, 16+15=31{\\\\displaystyle 16+15=31}.\\n2-10. Place the sum of the numerators over the new denominator.\\nMake sure you use the common denominator of the equivalent fractions.\\nFor example, 1620+1520=3120{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {16}{20}}+{\\\\frac {15}{20}}={\\\\frac {31}{20}}}.\\n3. Simplifying Fractions\\n3-1. Factor the numerator.\\nYou want to factor the numerator into all of its prime factors. Remember that a prime number is a number that is only divisible by 1 and itself. Rewrite the fraction showing this prime factorization in the numerator.\\nFor example, if simplifying the fraction 2490{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {24}{90}}}, you would calculate that 24=2×2×2×3{\\\\displaystyle 24=2\\\\times 2\\\\times 2\\\\times 3}. So, rewrite the fraction as 2×2×2×390{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2\\\\times 2\\\\times 2\\\\times 3}{90}}}\\n3-2. Factor the denominator.\\nYou also want to factor the denominator into its prime factors. Rewrite the fraction showing its prime factorization in the denominator.\\nFor example, if simplifying the fraction 2490{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {24}{90}}}, you would calculate that 90=2×3×3×5{\\\\displaystyle 90=2\\\\times 3\\\\times 3\\\\times 5}. So, rewrite the fraction as 2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2\\\\times 2\\\\times 2\\\\times 3}{2\\\\times 3\\\\times 3\\\\times 5}}}.\\n3-3. Cancel the factors common to the numerator and denominator.\\nRemember that when a factor is common to the top and bottom of a fraction, it cancels to 11{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {1}{1}}}. This means you can eliminate these factors, since any number multiplied by 1 is itself.\\nFor example, you can cancel out a 2 and a 3 in the numerator and denominator: 2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {{\\\\cancel {2\\\\times }}2\\\\times 2{\\\\cancel {\\\\times 3}}}{{\\\\cancel {2\\\\times }}{\\\\cancel {3\\\\times }}3\\\\times 5}}}.\\n3-4. Rewrite the fraction with the remaining factors.\\nYou want to simplify the fraction so that it only includes the factors that did not cancel. If more than one factor remains in either the numerator or denominator, you need to multiply them together to get a single integer. The result will be your simplified fraction.\\nFor example:2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {{\\\\cancel {2\\\\times }}2\\\\times 2{\\\\cancel {\\\\times 3}}}{{\\\\cancel {2\\\\times }}{\\\\cancel {3\\\\times }}3\\\\times 5}}}2×23×5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2\\\\times 2}{3\\\\times 5}}} 415{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{15}}}So, the fraction 2490{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {24}{90}}} simplifies to 415{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{15}}}.\\nTips\\nSubtracting fractions involves the same process. Be sure that all fractions involved have the same denominator, then subtract one numerator from the other, and write the result over the shared denominator. Simplify and/or reduce as above.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Once you understand the concept of fractions, you can start performing simple operations with them. You can add fractions just like you can add other types of numbers. The important thing to remember, though, is that fractions must have the same denominator before you can add them. Once you find the sum of two fractions, you will likely need to simplify it, or reduce it.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adding Fractions with Like Denominators\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Verify the fractions have the same denominator.\", \"描述\": \"A denominator is the number below the fraction bar. If the fractions do not have the same denominator, you cannot use this method.\\nFor example, if you are calculating 24+14{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2}{4}}+{\\\\frac {1}{4}}}, you can note that both fractions have the same denominator: 4.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add the numerators.\", \"描述\": \"A numerator is the number above the fraction bar. Add numerators the same way you would add integers.\\nFor example, the numerators of 24{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2}{4}}} and 14{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {1}{4}}} are 2 and 1, so you would calculate 2+1=3{\\\\displaystyle 2+1=3}. So, 3 is the numerator of your sum.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place the numerators’ sum over the denominator.\", \"描述\": \"Since both fractions you are adding have the same denominator, the denominator of their sum will also be the same.\\nFor example, the sum of 24+14{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2}{4}}+{\\\\frac {1}{4}}} will have a denominator of 4: 24+14=34{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2}{4}}+{\\\\frac {1}{4}}={\\\\frac {3}{4}}}.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adding Fractions with Unlike Denominators\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Verify the fractions have different denominators.\", \"描述\": \"A denominator is the number below the fraction bar.\\nFor example, if you are calculating 45+34{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{5}}+{\\\\frac {3}{4}}}, you can note that the fractions have different denominators: 5 and 4.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"List the first several multiples of the smaller denominator.\", \"描述\": \"A multiple is a number that another number equally divides into. You can also think of a multiple as the result of multiplying a number by a whole number. You are looking for the smallest multiple that the two denominators have in common.\\nFor example, the smallest denominator in 45+34{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{5}}+{\\\\frac {3}{4}}} is 4. The first several multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. The smallest of these multiples that 5 shares with 4 is 20. So, 20 is the least common multiple of the two denominators.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Divide the first fraction’s denominator into the least common multiple.\", \"描述\": \"The result will give you a factor of change. This factor tells you how much bigger the common multiple is than the denominator.\\nFor example, if the least common multiple is 20, and the first fraction’s denominator is 5, you would calculate 205=4{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {20}{5}}=4}. That means 4 is the factor of change. The least common multiple is 4 times larger than the denominator.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Multiply the numerator of the first fraction by the factor of change.\", \"描述\": \"Doing this will keep the numerator and denominator of the equivalent fraction in proportion.\\nFor example, if the factor of change is 4, and the first fraction’s numerator is 4, you would calculate 4×4=16{\\\\displaystyle 4\\\\times 4=16}.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write the first fraction’s equivalent fraction.\", \"描述\": \"The numerator will be the product of the factor of change and the original fraction’s numerator. The denominator will be the least common multiple.\\nFor example, 45=1620{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{5}}={\\\\frac {16}{20}}}.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Divide the second fraction’s denominator into the least common multiple.\", \"描述\": \"The result will give you a factor of change for the second fraction. This factor tells you how much bigger the common multiple is than the denominator.\\nFor example, if the least common multiple is 20, and the second fraction’s denominator is 4, you would calculate 204=5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {20}{4}}=5}. That means 5 is the factor of change for the second fraction.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Multiply the numerator of the second fraction by the factor of change.\", \"描述\": \"This will give you the numerator of your equivalent fraction.\\nFor example, if the factor of change is 5, and the second fraction’s numerator is 3, you would calculate 5×3=15{\\\\displaystyle 5\\\\times 3=15}.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Write the second fraction’s equivalent fraction.\", \"描述\": \"The numerator will be the product of the factor of change and the original fraction’s numerator. The denominator will be the least common multiple.\\nFor example, 34=1520{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {3}{4}}={\\\\frac {15}{20}}}.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Add the numerators of the equivalent fractions.\", \"描述\": \"Since the equivalent fractions have the same denominator, you can add the numerators as you normally would.\\nFor example, 16+15=31{\\\\displaystyle 16+15=31}.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Place the sum of the numerators over the new denominator.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you use the common denominator of the equivalent fractions.\\nFor example, 1620+1520=3120{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {16}{20}}+{\\\\frac {15}{20}}={\\\\frac {31}{20}}}.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Simplifying Fractions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Factor the numerator.\", \"描述\": \"You want to factor the numerator into all of its prime factors. Remember that a prime number is a number that is only divisible by 1 and itself. Rewrite the fraction showing this prime factorization in the numerator.\\nFor example, if simplifying the fraction 2490{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {24}{90}}}, you would calculate that 24=2×2×2×3{\\\\displaystyle 24=2\\\\times 2\\\\times 2\\\\times 3}. So, rewrite the fraction as 2×2×2×390{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2\\\\times 2\\\\times 2\\\\times 3}{90}}}\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Factor the denominator.\", \"描述\": \"You also want to factor the denominator into its prime factors. Rewrite the fraction showing its prime factorization in the denominator.\\nFor example, if simplifying the fraction 2490{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {24}{90}}}, you would calculate that 90=2×3×3×5{\\\\displaystyle 90=2\\\\times 3\\\\times 3\\\\times 5}. So, rewrite the fraction as 2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2\\\\times 2\\\\times 2\\\\times 3}{2\\\\times 3\\\\times 3\\\\times 5}}}.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cancel the factors common to the numerator and denominator.\", \"描述\": \"Remember that when a factor is common to the top and bottom of a fraction, it cancels to 11{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {1}{1}}}. This means you can eliminate these factors, since any number multiplied by 1 is itself.\\nFor example, you can cancel out a 2 and a 3 in the numerator and denominator: 2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {{\\\\cancel {2\\\\times }}2\\\\times 2{\\\\cancel {\\\\times 3}}}{{\\\\cancel {2\\\\times }}{\\\\cancel {3\\\\times }}3\\\\times 5}}}.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Rewrite the fraction with the remaining factors.\", \"描述\": \"You want to simplify the fraction so that it only includes the factors that did not cancel. If more than one factor remains in either the numerator or denominator, you need to multiply them together to get a single integer. The result will be your simplified fraction.\\nFor example:2×2×2×32×3×3×5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {{\\\\cancel {2\\\\times }}2\\\\times 2{\\\\cancel {\\\\times 3}}}{{\\\\cancel {2\\\\times }}{\\\\cancel {3\\\\times }}3\\\\times 5}}}2×23×5{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {2\\\\times 2}{3\\\\times 5}}} 415{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{15}}}So, the fraction 2490{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {24}{90}}} simplifies to 415{\\\\displaystyle {\\\\frac {4}{15}}}.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Subtracting fractions involves the same process. Be sure that all fractions involved have the same denominator, then subtract one numerator from the other, and write the result over the shared denominator. Simplify and/or reduce as above.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,203 | How to Add and Subtract Fractions | 1. Adding and Subtracting Fractions with the Same Denominator
1-1. Write out your equation.
If the denominator of the two fractions that you are adding or subtracting is the same, put the same number once as the denominator for your answer.
In other words, 1/5 and 2/5 does not need to be written as 1/5 + 2/5 = ? It can be written as 1+2/5 = ?. The denominator is the same, so it can be written only once. Both numerators then go on top.
1-2. Add the numerators together.
The "numerator" is the top number of any fraction. If we take the above example, 1/5 and 2/5, 1 and 2 are our numerators.
Whether you have it written 1/5 + 2/5 or 1+2/5, you answer should be the same: 3! After all, 1 + 2 = 3.
1-3. Leave the denominator alone.
Since you're working with one constant denominator, don't do anything with it! Don't add, subtract, multiply, or divide. Just leave it be.
So, using the same example, our denominator is 5. That's it! That's the bottom number of our fraction. That's half the answer already!
1-4. Come up with your answer.
Now, all you do is write out your numerator and your denominator! If you've followed the above example, you'll find that the answer to this problem is 3/5.
What was your numerator? 3. The denominator? 5. Therefore, 1/5 + 2/5, or 1+2/5, equals .
2. Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Different Denominators
2-1. Find the lowest common denominator.
This means the lowest number both denominators have in common. Let's take the fractions 2/3 and 3/4. What are the denominators? 3 and 4. To find the lowest common denominator of the two, you can do this one of three ways:
Write out the multiples. The multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18...and so on. The multiples of 4? 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, etc. What's the lowest number seen in both of the sets? 12! That's your lowest common denominator, or LCD.
Prime factorization. If you know what factors are, you can do prime factorization. That's finding out what numbers can make your denominators. For 3, the factors are 3 and 1. For 4, the factors are 2 and 2. Then, you multiply them together. 3 x 2 x 2 = 12. Your LCD!
Multiply the numbers together for small numbers. In some cases, like this one, you could just multiply the numbers together – 3 x 4 = 12. However, if your denominators are big, don't do this! You don't want to multiply 56 x 44 and have to work with 2,464 as your answer!
2-2. Multiply the denominator by the number needed to get the LCD.
In other words, you want each of your denominators to be the same number – the LCD. In our example, we want our denominator to be 12. To turn 3 into 12, you need 3 x 4. To turn 4 into twelve, you need 4 x 3. The resulting like denominator will be the denominator for your final answer.
So our 2/3 turns into 2/3 x 4 and 3/4 turns into 3/4 x 3. That means we now have 2/12 and 3/12. But we're not done yet!
You'll notice that the denominators, in this instance, are multiplied by each other. This works in this situation, but not all situations. Sometimes, instead of multiplying the two denominators together, you can multiply both denominators by different numbers to get one small number.
And then in other cases, sometimes you only have to multiply one denominator to make it equal to the denominator of the other fraction in the equation.
2-3. Multiple the numerator by that number, too.
When you multiply the denominator by a certain number, you also have to multiply the numerator by the same number. What we did in the last step was just half of the multiplication necessary.
We had 2/3x4 and 3/4x3 as our first step – to add the second step, it's really 2 x 4/3 x 4 and 3 x 3/4 x 3. That means our new numbers are 8/12 and 9/12. Perfect!
2-4. Add (or subtract) the numerators to get your answer.
To add 8/12 + 9/12, all you have to do is add the numerators. Remember: you leave the denominator alone now. The number you got with the LCD is your final denominator.
For this example, (8+9)/12 = 17/12. To turn this into a mixed fraction, simply subtract the denominator from the numerator and see what's left over. In this case, 17/12 = 1 5/12
3. Adding and Subtracting Mixed and Improper Fractions
3-1. Convert your mixed fractions into improper fractions.
A mixed fraction is when you have a whole number and a fraction, like in the above example (1 5/12). Meanwhile, an improper fraction is one where the numerator (the top number) is bigger than the denominator (the bottom number). That's also seen in the above step, with 17/12.
For the example for this section, let's work with 13/12 and 17/8.
3-2. Find the common denominator.
Remember the three ways you can find the LCD? By either writing out the multiples, using prime factorization, or by multiplying the denominators.
Let's figure out the multiples of our example, 12 and 8. What's the smallest number these two go into? 24. 8, 16, 24 and 12, 24 – bingo!
3-3. Multiply your numerators and denominators to get your like fraction.
Both denominators now need to be turned into 24. How do you get 12 to 24? Multiply it by 2. 8 to 24? Multiply it by three. But don't forget – you need to multiply the numerators, too!
So 13 x 2/12 x 2 = 26/24. And 17 x 3/8 x 3 = 51/24. We're well on our way to solving the problem!
3-4. Add or subtract your fractions.
Now that you have the same denominator, you can add these two numbers together with ease. Remember, leave the denominator alone!
26/24 + 51/24 = 77/24. There's your one fraction! That top number is mighty big, though....
3-5. Convert your answer back into a mixed fraction.
Having such a large number on top is a little weird – you can't quite tell the size of your fraction. All you have to do is put the denominator into the numerator until in can't be repeated again and then see what you have leftover.
For this example, 24 goes into 77 three times. That is, 24 x 3 = 72. But there's 5 leftover! So what's your final answer? That's it!
4. Adding and Subtracting Fractions without looking for the LCD
4-1. List the fractions.
e.g. ½ + ¾ + ⅝
4-2. Solve for the numerators first.
Multiply ¹ to the denominator/s of the other fractions.
Multiply 1 to 4 and 8. [32]
4-3. Do as to other fraction.
Multiply 3 with 2 and 8. [48]
Lastly, multiply 5 with 4 and 2. [40]
4-4. Add all the product.
32+48+40=120
4-5. Now you have the numerator.
4-6. Solve for the denominator.
4-7. Multiply all the denominator.
2×4×8=64
4-8. You have the answer.
120/64 = 1 56/64 = 1 ⅞
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adding and Subtracting Fractions with the Same Denominator\\n1-1. Write out your equation.\\nIf the denominator of the two fractions that you are adding or subtracting is the same, put the same number once as the denominator for your answer.\\nIn other words, 1/5 and 2/5 does not need to be written as 1/5 + 2/5 = ? It can be written as 1+2/5 = ?. The denominator is the same, so it can be written only once. Both numerators then go on top.\\n1-2. Add the numerators together.\\nThe \\\"numerator\\\" is the top number of any fraction. If we take the above example, 1/5 and 2/5, 1 and 2 are our numerators.\\nWhether you have it written 1/5 + 2/5 or 1+2/5, you answer should be the same: 3! After all, 1 + 2 = 3.\\n1-3. Leave the denominator alone.\\nSince you're working with one constant denominator, don't do anything with it! Don't add, subtract, multiply, or divide. Just leave it be.\\nSo, using the same example, our denominator is 5. That's it! That's the bottom number of our fraction. That's half the answer already!\\n1-4. Come up with your answer.\\nNow, all you do is write out your numerator and your denominator! If you've followed the above example, you'll find that the answer to this problem is 3/5.\\nWhat was your numerator? 3. The denominator? 5. Therefore, 1/5 + 2/5, or 1+2/5, equals .\\n2. Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Different Denominators\\n2-1. Find the lowest common denominator.\\nThis means the lowest number both denominators have in common. Let's take the fractions 2/3 and 3/4. What are the denominators? 3 and 4. To find the lowest common denominator of the two, you can do this one of three ways:\\n\\nWrite out the multiples. The multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18...and so on. The multiples of 4? 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, etc. What's the lowest number seen in both of the sets? 12! That's your lowest common denominator, or LCD.\\nPrime factorization. If you know what factors are, you can do prime factorization. That's finding out what numbers can make your denominators. For 3, the factors are 3 and 1. For 4, the factors are 2 and 2. Then, you multiply them together. 3 x 2 x 2 = 12. Your LCD!\\nMultiply the numbers together for small numbers. In some cases, like this one, you could just multiply the numbers together – 3 x 4 = 12. However, if your denominators are big, don't do this! You don't want to multiply 56 x 44 and have to work with 2,464 as your answer!\\n2-2. Multiply the denominator by the number needed to get the LCD.\\nIn other words, you want each of your denominators to be the same number – the LCD. In our example, we want our denominator to be 12. To turn 3 into 12, you need 3 x 4. To turn 4 into twelve, you need 4 x 3. The resulting like denominator will be the denominator for your final answer.\\nSo our 2/3 turns into 2/3 x 4 and 3/4 turns into 3/4 x 3. That means we now have 2/12 and 3/12. But we're not done yet!\\nYou'll notice that the denominators, in this instance, are multiplied by each other. This works in this situation, but not all situations. Sometimes, instead of multiplying the two denominators together, you can multiply both denominators by different numbers to get one small number.\\nAnd then in other cases, sometimes you only have to multiply one denominator to make it equal to the denominator of the other fraction in the equation.\\n2-3. Multiple the numerator by that number, too.\\nWhen you multiply the denominator by a certain number, you also have to multiply the numerator by the same number. What we did in the last step was just half of the multiplication necessary.\\nWe had 2/3x4 and 3/4x3 as our first step – to add the second step, it's really 2 x 4/3 x 4 and 3 x 3/4 x 3. That means our new numbers are 8/12 and 9/12. Perfect!\\n2-4. Add (or subtract) the numerators to get your answer.\\nTo add 8/12 + 9/12, all you have to do is add the numerators. Remember: you leave the denominator alone now. The number you got with the LCD is your final denominator.\\nFor this example, (8+9)/12 = 17/12. To turn this into a mixed fraction, simply subtract the denominator from the numerator and see what's left over. In this case, 17/12 = 1 5/12\\n3. Adding and Subtracting Mixed and Improper Fractions\\n3-1. Convert your mixed fractions into improper fractions.\\nA mixed fraction is when you have a whole number and a fraction, like in the above example (1 5/12). Meanwhile, an improper fraction is one where the numerator (the top number) is bigger than the denominator (the bottom number). That's also seen in the above step, with 17/12.\\nFor the example for this section, let's work with 13/12 and 17/8.\\n3-2. Find the common denominator.\\nRemember the three ways you can find the LCD? By either writing out the multiples, using prime factorization, or by multiplying the denominators.\\nLet's figure out the multiples of our example, 12 and 8. What's the smallest number these two go into? 24. 8, 16, 24 and 12, 24 – bingo!\\n3-3. Multiply your numerators and denominators to get your like fraction.\\nBoth denominators now need to be turned into 24. How do you get 12 to 24? Multiply it by 2. 8 to 24? Multiply it by three. But don't forget – you need to multiply the numerators, too!\\nSo 13 x 2/12 x 2 = 26/24. And 17 x 3/8 x 3 = 51/24. We're well on our way to solving the problem!\\n3-4. Add or subtract your fractions.\\nNow that you have the same denominator, you can add these two numbers together with ease. Remember, leave the denominator alone!\\n26/24 + 51/24 = 77/24. There's your one fraction! That top number is mighty big, though....\\n3-5. Convert your answer back into a mixed fraction.\\nHaving such a large number on top is a little weird – you can't quite tell the size of your fraction. All you have to do is put the denominator into the numerator until in can't be repeated again and then see what you have leftover.\\nFor this example, 24 goes into 77 three times. That is, 24 x 3 = 72. But there's 5 leftover! So what's your final answer? That's it!\\n4. Adding and Subtracting Fractions without looking for the LCD\\n4-1. List the fractions.\\ne.g. ½ + ¾ + ⅝\\n4-2. Solve for the numerators first.\\nMultiply ¹ to the denominator/s of the other fractions.\\nMultiply 1 to 4 and 8. [32]\\n4-3. Do as to other fraction.\\nMultiply 3 with 2 and 8. [48]\\nLastly, multiply 5 with 4 and 2. [40]\\n4-4. Add all the product.\\n32+48+40=120\\n4-5. Now you have the numerator.\\n\\n4-6. Solve for the denominator.\\n\\n4-7. Multiply all the denominator.\\n2×4×8=64\\n4-8. You have the answer.\\n120/64 = 1 56/64 = 1 ⅞\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Adding and subtracting fractions is an essential skill to have. Fractions show up in daily life all the time, especially in math classes, from elementary school through college. Just follow these steps to learn how to add and subtract them, whether they're like fractions, unlike fractions, mixed, or improper fractions. Once you know one way, the rest is pretty easy!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adding and Subtracting Fractions with the Same Denominator\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write out your equation.\", \"描述\": \"If the denominator of the two fractions that you are adding or subtracting is the same, put the same number once as the denominator for your answer.\\nIn other words, 1/5 and 2/5 does not need to be written as 1/5 + 2/5 = ? It can be written as 1+2/5 = ?. The denominator is the same, so it can be written only once. Both numerators then go on top.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add the numerators together.\", \"描述\": \"The \\\"numerator\\\" is the top number of any fraction. If we take the above example, 1/5 and 2/5, 1 and 2 are our numerators.\\nWhether you have it written 1/5 + 2/5 or 1+2/5, you answer should be the same: 3! After all, 1 + 2 = 3.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Leave the denominator alone.\", \"描述\": \"Since you're working with one constant denominator, don't do anything with it! Don't add, subtract, multiply, or divide. Just leave it be.\\nSo, using the same example, our denominator is 5. That's it! That's the bottom number of our fraction. That's half the answer already!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Come up with your answer.\", \"描述\": \"Now, all you do is write out your numerator and your denominator! If you've followed the above example, you'll find that the answer to this problem is 3/5.\\nWhat was your numerator? 3. The denominator? 5. Therefore, 1/5 + 2/5, or 1+2/5, equals .\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Different Denominators\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find the lowest common denominator.\", \"描述\": \"This means the lowest number both denominators have in common. Let's take the fractions 2/3 and 3/4. What are the denominators? 3 and 4. To find the lowest common denominator of the two, you can do this one of three ways:\\n\\nWrite out the multiples. The multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18...and so on. The multiples of 4? 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, etc. What's the lowest number seen in both of the sets? 12! That's your lowest common denominator, or LCD.\\nPrime factorization. If you know what factors are, you can do prime factorization. That's finding out what numbers can make your denominators. For 3, the factors are 3 and 1. For 4, the factors are 2 and 2. Then, you multiply them together. 3 x 2 x 2 = 12. Your LCD!\\nMultiply the numbers together for small numbers. In some cases, like this one, you could just multiply the numbers together – 3 x 4 = 12. However, if your denominators are big, don't do this! You don't want to multiply 56 x 44 and have to work with 2,464 as your answer!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Multiply the denominator by the number needed to get the LCD.\", \"描述\": \"In other words, you want each of your denominators to be the same number – the LCD. In our example, we want our denominator to be 12. To turn 3 into 12, you need 3 x 4. To turn 4 into twelve, you need 4 x 3. The resulting like denominator will be the denominator for your final answer.\\nSo our 2/3 turns into 2/3 x 4 and 3/4 turns into 3/4 x 3. That means we now have 2/12 and 3/12. But we're not done yet!\\nYou'll notice that the denominators, in this instance, are multiplied by each other. This works in this situation, but not all situations. Sometimes, instead of multiplying the two denominators together, you can multiply both denominators by different numbers to get one small number.\\nAnd then in other cases, sometimes you only have to multiply one denominator to make it equal to the denominator of the other fraction in the equation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Multiple the numerator by that number, too.\", \"描述\": \"When you multiply the denominator by a certain number, you also have to multiply the numerator by the same number. What we did in the last step was just half of the multiplication necessary.\\nWe had 2/3x4 and 3/4x3 as our first step – to add the second step, it's really 2 x 4/3 x 4 and 3 x 3/4 x 3. That means our new numbers are 8/12 and 9/12. Perfect!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add (or subtract) the numerators to get your answer.\", \"描述\": \"To add 8/12 + 9/12, all you have to do is add the numerators. Remember: you leave the denominator alone now. The number you got with the LCD is your final denominator.\\nFor this example, (8+9)/12 = 17/12. To turn this into a mixed fraction, simply subtract the denominator from the numerator and see what's left over. In this case, 17/12 = 1 5/12\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adding and Subtracting Mixed and Improper Fractions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Convert your mixed fractions into improper fractions.\", \"描述\": \"A mixed fraction is when you have a whole number and a fraction, like in the above example (1 5/12). Meanwhile, an improper fraction is one where the numerator (the top number) is bigger than the denominator (the bottom number). That's also seen in the above step, with 17/12.\\nFor the example for this section, let's work with 13/12 and 17/8.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find the common denominator.\", \"描述\": \"Remember the three ways you can find the LCD? By either writing out the multiples, using prime factorization, or by multiplying the denominators.\\nLet's figure out the multiples of our example, 12 and 8. What's the smallest number these two go into? 24. 8, 16, 24 and 12, 24 – bingo!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Multiply your numerators and denominators to get your like fraction.\", \"描述\": \"Both denominators now need to be turned into 24. How do you get 12 to 24? Multiply it by 2. 8 to 24? Multiply it by three. But don't forget – you need to multiply the numerators, too!\\nSo 13 x 2/12 x 2 = 26/24. And 17 x 3/8 x 3 = 51/24. We're well on our way to solving the problem!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add or subtract your fractions.\", \"描述\": \"Now that you have the same denominator, you can add these two numbers together with ease. Remember, leave the denominator alone!\\n26/24 + 51/24 = 77/24. There's your one fraction! That top number is mighty big, though....\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Convert your answer back into a mixed fraction.\", \"描述\": \"Having such a large number on top is a little weird – you can't quite tell the size of your fraction. All you have to do is put the denominator into the numerator until in can't be repeated again and then see what you have leftover.\\nFor this example, 24 goes into 77 three times. That is, 24 x 3 = 72. But there's 5 leftover! So what's your final answer? That's it!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adding and Subtracting Fractions without looking for the LCD\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"List the fractions.\", \"描述\": \"e.g. ½ + ¾ + ⅝\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Solve for the numerators first.\", \"描述\": \"Multiply ¹ to the denominator/s of the other fractions.\\nMultiply 1 to 4 and 8. [32]\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do as to other fraction.\", \"描述\": \"Multiply 3 with 2 and 8. [48]\\nLastly, multiply 5 with 4 and 2. [40]\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add all the product.\", \"描述\": \"32+48+40=120\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Now you have the numerator.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Solve for the denominator.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Multiply all the denominator.\", \"描述\": \"2×4×8=64\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"You have the answer.\", \"描述\": \"120/64 = 1 56/64 = 1 ⅞\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,204 | How to Add and Subtract Functions | 1. Adding or Subtracting Functions without an Input
1-1. Write out the functions that are being added or subtracted.
Functions are usually stated as f(x) = relationship, where x is the variable input, and the relationship is stated as a formula for the variable x. Since you are adding or subtracting more than one function, they will be labeled differently, most likely f(x){\displaystyle f(x)} and g(x){\displaystyle g(x)}.
For example, you might be asked to add the function f(x)=3x+2{\displaystyle f(x)=3x+2}, and the function g(x)=4−5x{\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}.
If you are being asked to add, you will often be asked to find (f+g)x{\displaystyle (f+g)x}.
If you are being asked to subtract, you will often be asked to find (f−g)x{\displaystyle (f-g)x}.
1-2. Reorder the functions by degree of terms.
This means ordering the formula by exponents, beginning with the largest exponent (x3,x2,x,{\displaystyle x^{3},x^{2},x,} etc.). If there is no exponent, order the first-degree term first (x), followed the constants (numbers without variables).
For example, the function g(x){\displaystyle g(x)} would be reordered as −5x+4{\displaystyle -5x+4}. The f(x) function is already ordered by degree of terms.
1-3. Create an addition or subtraction problem using the two formulas.
You can add/subtract horizontally or vertically, since you have ordered the functions by terms.
For example, your function can be set up as (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(−5x+4){\displaystyle (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(-5x+4)}, or it could be set up vertically, with like terms lined up:+3x+2−5x+4{\displaystyle +{\begin{matrix}3x&+&2\\-5x&+&4\end{matrix}}}.
1-4. Add or subtract like terms.
It is helpful to add/subtract in order of the degree of terms, beginning with the highest exponent (if any).
For example, for (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(−5x+4){\displaystyle (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(-5x+4)}, you would first add the first-degree terms:3x+(−5x)=−2x{\displaystyle 3x+(-5x)=-2x}.Second, you would add the constants:2+4=6{\displaystyle 2+4=6}.So (f+g)x=−2x+6{\displaystyle (f+g)x=-2x+6}.
1-5. Follow the same process for adding or subtracting more than two functions.
Adding or subtracting functions is always just a matter of adding/subtracting the like terms in the relationship formulas.
2. Adding or Subtracting Functions with the Same Input
2-1. Add or subtract the functions, as described in Method 1.
This will give you the formula relationship for your variable input (x).
For example, you might find that (f+g)x=−2x+6{\displaystyle (f+g)x=-2x+6}.
2-2. Plug in the variable.
Remember, this method only works if you are adding/subtracting functions with the same input variable.
For example, you might be asked to find (f+g)(2){\displaystyle (f+g)(2)}. Your added function would then look like (f+g)(2)=−2(2)+6{\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-2(2)+6}.
2-3. Complete the calculation.
Remember to use the order of operations.
For example:(f+g)(2)=−2(2)+6{\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-2(2)+6}(f+g)(2)=−4+6{\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-4+6}(f+g)(2)=2{\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=2}.
3. Adding or Subtracting Functions with Different Inputs
3-1. Plug the appropriate variable into the first function and solve.
Since you are working with two different variables (inputs), you cannot add the formulas and plug in one input, you have to complete one function at a time.
For example, if you are given f(x)=3x+2{\displaystyle f(x)=3x+2} and g(x)=4−5x{\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}, and are asked to find f(2)+g(3){\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)}, you would start by finding f(2){\displaystyle f(2)}. When you plug in the 2, you get:f(2)=3(2)+2{\displaystyle f(2)=3(2)+2}f(2)=6+2{\displaystyle f(2)=6+2}f(2)=8{\displaystyle f(2)=8}.
3-2. Plug the appropriate variable into the second function and solve.
Make sure you are plugging in the correct variable to the correct function.
For example, if g(x)=4−5x{\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}, then: g(3)=4−5(3){\displaystyle g(3)=4-5(3)}g(3)=4−15{\displaystyle g(3)=4-15}g(3)=−11{\displaystyle g(3)=-11}
3-3. Add or subtract the two outputs.
The result will be the sum or difference of the two functions, given the provided variables.
For example, if f(2)=8{\displaystyle f(2)=8} and g(3)=−11{\displaystyle g(3)=-11}, then: f(2)+g(3)=8+(−11){\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)=8+(-11)}f(2)+g(3)=−3{\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)=-3}.
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adding or Subtracting Functions without an Input\\n1-1. Write out the functions that are being added or subtracted.\\nFunctions are usually stated as f(x) = relationship, where x is the variable input, and the relationship is stated as a formula for the variable x. Since you are adding or subtracting more than one function, they will be labeled differently, most likely f(x){\\\\displaystyle f(x)} and g(x){\\\\displaystyle g(x)}.\\nFor example, you might be asked to add the function f(x)=3x+2{\\\\displaystyle f(x)=3x+2}, and the function g(x)=4−5x{\\\\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}.\\nIf you are being asked to add, you will often be asked to find (f+g)x{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x}.\\nIf you are being asked to subtract, you will often be asked to find (f−g)x{\\\\displaystyle (f-g)x}.\\n1-2. Reorder the functions by degree of terms.\\nThis means ordering the formula by exponents, beginning with the largest exponent (x3,x2,x,{\\\\displaystyle x^{3},x^{2},x,} etc.). If there is no exponent, order the first-degree term first (x), followed the constants (numbers without variables).\\nFor example, the function g(x){\\\\displaystyle g(x)} would be reordered as −5x+4{\\\\displaystyle -5x+4}. The f(x) function is already ordered by degree of terms.\\n1-3. Create an addition or subtraction problem using the two formulas.\\nYou can add/subtract horizontally or vertically, since you have ordered the functions by terms.\\nFor example, your function can be set up as (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(−5x+4){\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(-5x+4)}, or it could be set up vertically, with like terms lined up:+3x+2−5x+4{\\\\displaystyle +{\\\\begin{matrix}3x&+&2\\\\\\\\-5x&+&4\\\\end{matrix}}}.\\n1-4. Add or subtract like terms.\\nIt is helpful to add/subtract in order of the degree of terms, beginning with the highest exponent (if any). \\nFor example, for (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(−5x+4){\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(-5x+4)}, you would first add the first-degree terms:3x+(−5x)=−2x{\\\\displaystyle 3x+(-5x)=-2x}.Second, you would add the constants:2+4=6{\\\\displaystyle 2+4=6}.So (f+g)x=−2x+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x=-2x+6}.\\n1-5. Follow the same process for adding or subtracting more than two functions.\\nAdding or subtracting functions is always just a matter of adding/subtracting the like terms in the relationship formulas.\\n2. Adding or Subtracting Functions with the Same Input\\n2-1. Add or subtract the functions, as described in Method 1.\\nThis will give you the formula relationship for your variable input (x).\\nFor example, you might find that (f+g)x=−2x+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x=-2x+6}.\\n2-2. Plug in the variable.\\nRemember, this method only works if you are adding/subtracting functions with the same input variable.\\nFor example, you might be asked to find (f+g)(2){\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)}. Your added function would then look like (f+g)(2)=−2(2)+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-2(2)+6}.\\n2-3. Complete the calculation.\\nRemember to use the order of operations.\\nFor example:(f+g)(2)=−2(2)+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-2(2)+6}(f+g)(2)=−4+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-4+6}(f+g)(2)=2{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=2}.\\n3. Adding or Subtracting Functions with Different Inputs\\n3-1. Plug the appropriate variable into the first function and solve.\\nSince you are working with two different variables (inputs), you cannot add the formulas and plug in one input, you have to complete one function at a time.\\nFor example, if you are given f(x)=3x+2{\\\\displaystyle f(x)=3x+2} and g(x)=4−5x{\\\\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}, and are asked to find f(2)+g(3){\\\\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)}, you would start by finding f(2){\\\\displaystyle f(2)}. When you plug in the 2, you get:f(2)=3(2)+2{\\\\displaystyle f(2)=3(2)+2}f(2)=6+2{\\\\displaystyle f(2)=6+2}f(2)=8{\\\\displaystyle f(2)=8}.\\n3-2. Plug the appropriate variable into the second function and solve.\\nMake sure you are plugging in the correct variable to the correct function.\\nFor example, if g(x)=4−5x{\\\\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}, then: g(3)=4−5(3){\\\\displaystyle g(3)=4-5(3)}g(3)=4−15{\\\\displaystyle g(3)=4-15}g(3)=−11{\\\\displaystyle g(3)=-11}\\n3-3. Add or subtract the two outputs.\\nThe result will be the sum or difference of the two functions, given the provided variables.\\nFor example, if f(2)=8{\\\\displaystyle f(2)=8} and g(3)=−11{\\\\displaystyle g(3)=-11}, then: f(2)+g(3)=8+(−11){\\\\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)=8+(-11)}f(2)+g(3)=−3{\\\\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)=-3}.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Often you will use a function to describe curves and lines on a coordinate graph, as a function shows the relationship between the x and y coordinates. Just as you can add and subtract numbers, you can add or subtract functions. You might need to add or subtract functions when working with differing rates, scales, or measurements. Performing simple operations on functions is no more complicated than performing those operations on numbers.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adding or Subtracting Functions without an Input\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write out the functions that are being added or subtracted.\", \"描述\": \"Functions are usually stated as f(x) = relationship, where x is the variable input, and the relationship is stated as a formula for the variable x. Since you are adding or subtracting more than one function, they will be labeled differently, most likely f(x){\\\\displaystyle f(x)} and g(x){\\\\displaystyle g(x)}.\\nFor example, you might be asked to add the function f(x)=3x+2{\\\\displaystyle f(x)=3x+2}, and the function g(x)=4−5x{\\\\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}.\\nIf you are being asked to add, you will often be asked to find (f+g)x{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x}.\\nIf you are being asked to subtract, you will often be asked to find (f−g)x{\\\\displaystyle (f-g)x}.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Reorder the functions by degree of terms.\", \"描述\": \"This means ordering the formula by exponents, beginning with the largest exponent (x3,x2,x,{\\\\displaystyle x^{3},x^{2},x,} etc.). If there is no exponent, order the first-degree term first (x), followed the constants (numbers without variables).\\nFor example, the function g(x){\\\\displaystyle g(x)} would be reordered as −5x+4{\\\\displaystyle -5x+4}. The f(x) function is already ordered by degree of terms.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create an addition or subtraction problem using the two formulas.\", \"描述\": \"You can add/subtract horizontally or vertically, since you have ordered the functions by terms.\\nFor example, your function can be set up as (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(−5x+4){\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(-5x+4)}, or it could be set up vertically, with like terms lined up:+3x+2−5x+4{\\\\displaystyle +{\\\\begin{matrix}3x&+&2\\\\\\\\-5x&+&4\\\\end{matrix}}}.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add or subtract like terms.\", \"描述\": \"It is helpful to add/subtract in order of the degree of terms, beginning with the highest exponent (if any). \\nFor example, for (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(−5x+4){\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x=(3x+2)+(-5x+4)}, you would first add the first-degree terms:3x+(−5x)=−2x{\\\\displaystyle 3x+(-5x)=-2x}.Second, you would add the constants:2+4=6{\\\\displaystyle 2+4=6}.So (f+g)x=−2x+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x=-2x+6}.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Follow the same process for adding or subtracting more than two functions.\", \"描述\": \"Adding or subtracting functions is always just a matter of adding/subtracting the like terms in the relationship formulas.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adding or Subtracting Functions with the Same Input\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add or subtract the functions, as described in Method 1.\", \"描述\": \"This will give you the formula relationship for your variable input (x).\\nFor example, you might find that (f+g)x=−2x+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)x=-2x+6}.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Plug in the variable.\", \"描述\": \"Remember, this method only works if you are adding/subtracting functions with the same input variable.\\nFor example, you might be asked to find (f+g)(2){\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)}. Your added function would then look like (f+g)(2)=−2(2)+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-2(2)+6}.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the calculation.\", \"描述\": \"Remember to use the order of operations.\\nFor example:(f+g)(2)=−2(2)+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-2(2)+6}(f+g)(2)=−4+6{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=-4+6}(f+g)(2)=2{\\\\displaystyle (f+g)(2)=2}.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adding or Subtracting Functions with Different Inputs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Plug the appropriate variable into the first function and solve.\", \"描述\": \"Since you are working with two different variables (inputs), you cannot add the formulas and plug in one input, you have to complete one function at a time.\\nFor example, if you are given f(x)=3x+2{\\\\displaystyle f(x)=3x+2} and g(x)=4−5x{\\\\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}, and are asked to find f(2)+g(3){\\\\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)}, you would start by finding f(2){\\\\displaystyle f(2)}. When you plug in the 2, you get:f(2)=3(2)+2{\\\\displaystyle f(2)=3(2)+2}f(2)=6+2{\\\\displaystyle f(2)=6+2}f(2)=8{\\\\displaystyle f(2)=8}.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Plug the appropriate variable into the second function and solve.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you are plugging in the correct variable to the correct function.\\nFor example, if g(x)=4−5x{\\\\displaystyle g(x)=4-5x}, then: g(3)=4−5(3){\\\\displaystyle g(3)=4-5(3)}g(3)=4−15{\\\\displaystyle g(3)=4-15}g(3)=−11{\\\\displaystyle g(3)=-11}\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add or subtract the two outputs.\", \"描述\": \"The result will be the sum or difference of the two functions, given the provided variables.\\nFor example, if f(2)=8{\\\\displaystyle f(2)=8} and g(3)=−11{\\\\displaystyle g(3)=-11}, then: f(2)+g(3)=8+(−11){\\\\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)=8+(-11)}f(2)+g(3)=−3{\\\\displaystyle f(2)+g(3)=-3}.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,205 | How to Add and Subtract Negatives | 1. Using a Number Line
1-1. Draw your number line.
Draw a long, horizontal line. Mark a short vertical line in the middle and label it "0." Make more marks to the right of 0 and label them 1, 2, 3, and so on in that order. Those are the positive numbers. Negative numbers go the opposite direction. Starting at 0 and moving left, draw more marks and label them -1, -2, -3, and so on.
1-2. Start with the first number in your problem.
Let's say you want to solve the problem . Find the first number, -8, on the number line. Draw a thick dot at that number.
1-3. Review how to add positive numbers.
On the number line, adding a positive number moves you to the right. For example, if you start at -8 and add 3, you move 3 marks to the right. The answer is where you end up: -5. This works no matter which number we start with.
1-4. Subtract positive numbers by moving left.
Subtracting a positive number moves you to the left of the number line. For example, you know that -8 - 3 = -11, because -11 is three marks left of -8.
1-5. Add a negative number.
Now let's try the other way around. This time, start at +5 on the number line and solve the problem 5 + (-2). Because the second number is negative, we change the direction we move on the number line. Adding normally moves to the right, but adding a negative number moves to the left instead. Start at +5, move 2 spaces to the left, and you end up at +3. So 5 + (-2) = 3.
Here's another way to think of it: adding a negative number is the same as subtracting a positive number. 5 + (-2) = 5 - 2.
1-6. Subtract a negative number.
Now try subtracting a negative number: 5 - (-2). Again, we're going to switch the normal direction, and move right instead of left. Start at +5, move two spaces to the right, and you end up at 7.
Subtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number. 5 - (-2) = 5 + 2.
1-7. Add two negative numbers.
Let's solve -6 + (-4). Start at -6 on the number line. Addition moves to the right, but the negative sign in front of the 4 changes our direction, so we move to the left instead. Move four spaces left of -6 and you'll land on -10, so -6 + (-4) = -10.
Don't get confused by where you start on the number line. The first number only tells you where to begin on the number line. You'll always move right or left based on the type of problem and the second number.
1-8. Subtract two negative numbers.
Now let's solve -10 - (-3). Start at -10. Subtraction moves to the left but the negative in front of the 3 changes direction to the right instead. Move 3 places to the right and land on -3. The solution is -10 - (-3) = -7.
Here's a memory aid: it takes two lines to draw the two negative signs. It also takes two lines to draw a plus sign, so - - is the same as +, moving to the right.
2. Without a Number Line
2-1. Learn about absolute value.
For other problems, it's helpful to understand absolute value. The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero. The easiest way to find this is just to ignore the negative sign in front of it. Here are some examples:
The absolute value of 6 is 6.
The absolute value of -6 is also 6.
9 has a greater absolute value than 7.
-8 has a greater absolute value than 5. It doesn't matter that one is negative.
2-2. Add two negative numbers.
Adding negative numbers together is just like adding positive numbers together, except that the answer has a "negative" sign in front of it. For instance, (-2) + (-4) = -6.
2-3. Add a positive and a negative number.
For a problem like 2 + (-4), you might not know whether the answer will be positive or negative. If the number line doesn't help you figure it out, here's another way to solve it:
Rearrange it so you're subtracting the smaller absolute value from the larger one. Ignore the negative sign for now. For our example, write 4 - 2 instead.
Solve that problem: 4 - 2 = 2. This isn't the answer yet!
Look at the original problem and check the sign (+ or -) of the number with the largest absolute value number. 4 has a higher value than 2, so we look at that in the problem 2 + (-4). There's a negative sign in front of the 4, so our final answer will also have a negative sign. The answer is .
2-4. Subtract a negative number.
Subtracting the negative is the same as adding a positive. For instance, 4 - (-6) = 4 + 6. This gets a little harder when you start with a negative number as well. Once it's an addition problem, you can switch the order of the two numbers and turn it into an ordinary subtraction problem. Here are a few examples:
3 - (-1) = 3 + 1 = 4
(-2) - (-5) = (-2) + 5 = 5 - 2 = 3
(-4) - (-3) = (-4) + 3 = 3 - 4 = -1
2-5. Solve problems with more than two numbers.
If you have a long chain of numbers, just use these steps to solve them two at a time. Here's an example:
(-7) - (-3) - 2 + 1
=(-7) + 3 - 2 + 1
=3 - 7 - 2 + 1
=(-4) - 2 + 1
=-6 + 1
=-5
Tips
The parentheses around negative numbers just make them easier to spot. You don't need to include them in our own work.
You can think of a negative number as debt, although this won't make sense for every problem. For instance, think of 40 + (-30) as having 40 dollars, and owing a debt of 30 dollars. After paying that debt, you end up with 40 + (-30) = 10. The same idea works if you have a debt of 40 dollars and get one more of 30 dollars: your total debt is -40 + (-30) = -70.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using a Number Line\\n1-1. Draw your number line.\\nDraw a long, horizontal line. Mark a short vertical line in the middle and label it \\\"0.\\\" Make more marks to the right of 0 and label them 1, 2, 3, and so on in that order. Those are the positive numbers. Negative numbers go the opposite direction. Starting at 0 and moving left, draw more marks and label them -1, -2, -3, and so on.\\n1-2. Start with the first number in your problem.\\nLet's say you want to solve the problem . Find the first number, -8, on the number line. Draw a thick dot at that number.\\n1-3. Review how to add positive numbers.\\nOn the number line, adding a positive number moves you to the right. For example, if you start at -8 and add 3, you move 3 marks to the right. The answer is where you end up: -5. This works no matter which number we start with.\\n1-4. Subtract positive numbers by moving left.\\nSubtracting a positive number moves you to the left of the number line. For example, you know that -8 - 3 = -11, because -11 is three marks left of -8.\\n1-5. Add a negative number.\\nNow let's try the other way around. This time, start at +5 on the number line and solve the problem 5 + (-2). Because the second number is negative, we change the direction we move on the number line. Adding normally moves to the right, but adding a negative number moves to the left instead. Start at +5, move 2 spaces to the left, and you end up at +3. So 5 + (-2) = 3.\\nHere's another way to think of it: adding a negative number is the same as subtracting a positive number. 5 + (-2) = 5 - 2.\\n1-6. Subtract a negative number.\\nNow try subtracting a negative number: 5 - (-2). Again, we're going to switch the normal direction, and move right instead of left. Start at +5, move two spaces to the right, and you end up at 7.\\nSubtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number. 5 - (-2) = 5 + 2.\\n1-7. Add two negative numbers.\\nLet's solve -6 + (-4). Start at -6 on the number line. Addition moves to the right, but the negative sign in front of the 4 changes our direction, so we move to the left instead. Move four spaces left of -6 and you'll land on -10, so -6 + (-4) = -10.\\nDon't get confused by where you start on the number line. The first number only tells you where to begin on the number line. You'll always move right or left based on the type of problem and the second number.\\n1-8. Subtract two negative numbers.\\nNow let's solve -10 - (-3). Start at -10. Subtraction moves to the left but the negative in front of the 3 changes direction to the right instead. Move 3 places to the right and land on -3. The solution is -10 - (-3) = -7.\\nHere's a memory aid: it takes two lines to draw the two negative signs. It also takes two lines to draw a plus sign, so - - is the same as +, moving to the right.\\n2. Without a Number Line\\n2-1. Learn about absolute value.\\nFor other problems, it's helpful to understand absolute value. The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero. The easiest way to find this is just to ignore the negative sign in front of it. Here are some examples:\\nThe absolute value of 6 is 6.\\nThe absolute value of -6 is also 6.\\n9 has a greater absolute value than 7.\\n-8 has a greater absolute value than 5. It doesn't matter that one is negative.\\n2-2. Add two negative numbers.\\nAdding negative numbers together is just like adding positive numbers together, except that the answer has a \\\"negative\\\" sign in front of it. For instance, (-2) + (-4) = -6.\\n2-3. Add a positive and a negative number.\\nFor a problem like 2 + (-4), you might not know whether the answer will be positive or negative. If the number line doesn't help you figure it out, here's another way to solve it:\\nRearrange it so you're subtracting the smaller absolute value from the larger one. Ignore the negative sign for now. For our example, write 4 - 2 instead.\\nSolve that problem: 4 - 2 = 2. This isn't the answer yet!\\nLook at the original problem and check the sign (+ or -) of the number with the largest absolute value number. 4 has a higher value than 2, so we look at that in the problem 2 + (-4). There's a negative sign in front of the 4, so our final answer will also have a negative sign. The answer is .\\n2-4. Subtract a negative number.\\nSubtracting the negative is the same as adding a positive. For instance, 4 - (-6) = 4 + 6. This gets a little harder when you start with a negative number as well. Once it's an addition problem, you can switch the order of the two numbers and turn it into an ordinary subtraction problem. Here are a few examples:\\n3 - (-1) = 3 + 1 = 4\\n(-2) - (-5) = (-2) + 5 = 5 - 2 = 3\\n(-4) - (-3) = (-4) + 3 = 3 - 4 = -1\\n2-5. Solve problems with more than two numbers.\\nIf you have a long chain of numbers, just use these steps to solve them two at a time. Here's an example:\\n\\n(-7) - (-3) - 2 + 1\\n=(-7) + 3 - 2 + 1\\n=3 - 7 - 2 + 1\\n=(-4) - 2 + 1\\n=-6 + 1\\n=-5\\nTips\\nThe parentheses around negative numbers just make them easier to spot. You don't need to include them in our own work.\\nYou can think of a negative number as debt, although this won't make sense for every problem. For instance, think of 40 + (-30) as having 40 dollars, and owing a debt of 30 dollars. After paying that debt, you end up with 40 + (-30) = 10. The same idea works if you have a debt of 40 dollars and get one more of 30 dollars: your total debt is -40 + (-30) = -70.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Problems with negative numbers may look difficult, but there's still only one right answer and with practice you can learn to find it quickly. There are at least two ways you can think your way through these problems. Most people start by learning on a number line.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using a Number Line\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Draw your number line.\", \"描述\": \"Draw a long, horizontal line. Mark a short vertical line in the middle and label it \\\"0.\\\" Make more marks to the right of 0 and label them 1, 2, 3, and so on in that order. Those are the positive numbers. Negative numbers go the opposite direction. Starting at 0 and moving left, draw more marks and label them -1, -2, -3, and so on.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start with the first number in your problem.\", \"描述\": \"Let's say you want to solve the problem . Find the first number, -8, on the number line. Draw a thick dot at that number.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Review how to add positive numbers.\", \"描述\": \"On the number line, adding a positive number moves you to the right. For example, if you start at -8 and add 3, you move 3 marks to the right. The answer is where you end up: -5. This works no matter which number we start with.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Subtract positive numbers by moving left.\", \"描述\": \"Subtracting a positive number moves you to the left of the number line. For example, you know that -8 - 3 = -11, because -11 is three marks left of -8.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add a negative number.\", \"描述\": \"Now let's try the other way around. This time, start at +5 on the number line and solve the problem 5 + (-2). Because the second number is negative, we change the direction we move on the number line. Adding normally moves to the right, but adding a negative number moves to the left instead. Start at +5, move 2 spaces to the left, and you end up at +3. So 5 + (-2) = 3.\\nHere's another way to think of it: adding a negative number is the same as subtracting a positive number. 5 + (-2) = 5 - 2.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Subtract a negative number.\", \"描述\": \"Now try subtracting a negative number: 5 - (-2). Again, we're going to switch the normal direction, and move right instead of left. Start at +5, move two spaces to the right, and you end up at 7.\\nSubtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number. 5 - (-2) = 5 + 2.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Add two negative numbers.\", \"描述\": \"Let's solve -6 + (-4). Start at -6 on the number line. Addition moves to the right, but the negative sign in front of the 4 changes our direction, so we move to the left instead. Move four spaces left of -6 and you'll land on -10, so -6 + (-4) = -10.\\nDon't get confused by where you start on the number line. The first number only tells you where to begin on the number line. You'll always move right or left based on the type of problem and the second number.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Subtract two negative numbers.\", \"描述\": \"Now let's solve -10 - (-3). Start at -10. Subtraction moves to the left but the negative in front of the 3 changes direction to the right instead. Move 3 places to the right and land on -3. The solution is -10 - (-3) = -7.\\nHere's a memory aid: it takes two lines to draw the two negative signs. It also takes two lines to draw a plus sign, so - - is the same as +, moving to the right.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Without a Number Line\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn about absolute value.\", \"描述\": \"For other problems, it's helpful to understand absolute value. The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero. The easiest way to find this is just to ignore the negative sign in front of it. Here are some examples:\\nThe absolute value of 6 is 6.\\nThe absolute value of -6 is also 6.\\n9 has a greater absolute value than 7.\\n-8 has a greater absolute value than 5. It doesn't matter that one is negative.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add two negative numbers.\", \"描述\": \"Adding negative numbers together is just like adding positive numbers together, except that the answer has a \\\"negative\\\" sign in front of it. For instance, (-2) + (-4) = -6.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add a positive and a negative number.\", \"描述\": \"For a problem like 2 + (-4), you might not know whether the answer will be positive or negative. If the number line doesn't help you figure it out, here's another way to solve it:\\nRearrange it so you're subtracting the smaller absolute value from the larger one. Ignore the negative sign for now. For our example, write 4 - 2 instead.\\nSolve that problem: 4 - 2 = 2. This isn't the answer yet!\\nLook at the original problem and check the sign (+ or -) of the number with the largest absolute value number. 4 has a higher value than 2, so we look at that in the problem 2 + (-4). There's a negative sign in front of the 4, so our final answer will also have a negative sign. The answer is .\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Subtract a negative number.\", \"描述\": \"Subtracting the negative is the same as adding a positive. For instance, 4 - (-6) = 4 + 6. This gets a little harder when you start with a negative number as well. Once it's an addition problem, you can switch the order of the two numbers and turn it into an ordinary subtraction problem. Here are a few examples:\\n3 - (-1) = 3 + 1 = 4\\n(-2) - (-5) = (-2) + 5 = 5 - 2 = 3\\n(-4) - (-3) = (-4) + 3 = 3 - 4 = -1\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Solve problems with more than two numbers.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a long chain of numbers, just use these steps to solve them two at a time. Here's an example:\\n\\n(-7) - (-3) - 2 + 1\\n=(-7) + 3 - 2 + 1\\n=3 - 7 - 2 + 1\\n=(-4) - 2 + 1\\n=-6 + 1\\n=-5\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The parentheses around negative numbers just make them easier to spot. You don't need to include them in our own work.\\n\", \"You can think of a negative number as debt, although this won't make sense for every problem. For instance, think of 40 + (-30) as having 40 dollars, and owing a debt of 30 dollars. After paying that debt, you end up with 40 + (-30) = 10. The same idea works if you have a debt of 40 dollars and get one more of 30 dollars: your total debt is -40 + (-30) = -70.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,206 | How to Add and Subtract Square Roots | 1. Getting the Basics Down
1-1. Simplify any terms inside the radicals when possible
To simplify the terms inside of the radicals, try to factor them to find at least one term that is a perfect square, such as 25 (5 x 5) or 9 (3 x 3). Once you do that, then you can take the square root of the perfect square and write it outside the radical, leaving the remaining factor inside the radical. For this example, we are working with the problem 6√50 - 2√8 + 5√12. The numbers outside the radical sign are the coefficients and the numbers inside it are the radicands. Here's how you simplify each of the terms:
6√50 = 6√(25 x 2) = (6 x 5)√2 = 30√2. Here, you've factored "50" into "25 x 2" and then have pulled out the "5" from the perfect square, "25", and placed it outside of the radical, with the "2" remaining on the inside. Then, you multiplied "5" by "6", the number already outside the radical, to get 30 as the new coefficient.
2√8 = 2√(4 x 2) = (2 x 2)√2 = 4√2. Here, you've factored "8" into "4 x 2" and then have pulled out the "2" from the perfect square "4" and placed it outside the radical, leaving the "2" on the inside. Then, you multiplied "2" by "2", the number already outside the radical, to get 4 as the new coefficient.
5√12 = 5√(4 x 3) = (5 x 2)√3 = 10√3. Here, you've factored "12" into "4 x 3" and have pulled out the "2" from the perfect square "4" and placed it outside the radical, leaving the factor "3" on the inside. Then, you multiplied "2" by "5", the number already outside the radical, to get 10 as the new coefficient.
1-2. Circle any terms with matching radicands.
Once you simplified the radicands of the terms you were given, you were left with the following equation: 30√2 - 4√2 + 10√3. Since you can only add or subtract like terms, you should circle the terms that have the same radical, which in this example are 30√2 and 4√2. You can think of this as being similar to adding or subtracting fractions, where you can only add or subtract the terms if the denominators are the same.
1-3. If you're working with a longer equation and there are multiple pairs with matching radicands, then you can circle the first pair, underline the second, put an asterisk by the third, and so on.
Lining the terms up in order will make it easier for you to visualize the solution, too.
1-4. Add or subtract the coefficients of the terms with matching radicands.
Now, all you have to do is to add or subtract the coefficients of the terms with the matching radicands and leave any additional terms as part of the equation. Do not combine the radicands. The idea is that you are saying how many of that type of radicand there are, total. The non-matching terms can stay as they are. Here's what you do:
30√2 - 4√2 + 10√3 =
(30 - 4)√2 + 10√3 =
26√2 + 10√3
2. Getting More Practice
2-1. Do Example 1.
In this example, you are adding the following square roots: √(45) + 4√5. Here is what you have to do:
Simplify √(45). First, you can factor it out to get √(9 x 5).
Then, you can pull out a "3" from the perfect square, "9," and make it the coefficient of the radical. So, √(45) = 3√5.
Now, just add up the coefficients of the two terms with matching radicands to get your answer. 3√5 + 4√5 = 7√5
2-2. Do Example 2.
This example is the following problem: 6√(40) - 3√(10) + √5. Here is what you have to do to solve it:
Simplify 6√(40). First you can factor out "40" to get "4 x 10", which makes 6√(40) = 6√(4 x 10).
Then, you can pull out a "2" from the perfect square, "4," and then multiply it by the current coefficient. Now you've got 6√(4 x 10) = (6 x 2)√10.
Multiply the two coefficients to get 12√10.
Now, your problem reads 12√10 - 3√(10) + √5. Since the first two terms have the same radicand, you can subtract the second term from the first and leave the third as it is.
You're left with (12-3)√10 + √5, which can be simplified to 9√10 + √5.
2-3. Do Example 3.
This example is the following: 9√5 -2√3 - 4√5. Here, none of the radicals have factors that are perfect squares, so no simplifying is possible. The first and third terms are like radicals, so their coefficients can already be combined (9 - 4). The radicand is unaffected. The remaining terms are not alike, so the problem can be simplified as 5√5 - 2√3.
2-4. Do Example 4.
Let's say you're working with the following problem: √9 + √4 - 3√2. Here is what you do:
Since √9 is equal to √(3 x 3), you can simplify √9 to 3.
Since √4 is equal to √(2 x 2), you can simplify √4 to 2.
Now, you can simply add 3 + 2 to get 5.
Since 5 and 3√2 are not like terms, there's nothing more you can do. Your final answer is 5 - 3√2.
2-5. Do Example 5.
Let's try adding and subtracting square roots that are part of a fraction. Now, as with a regular fraction, you can only add or subtract fractions that have the same numerator or denominator. Let's say you're working with this problem: (√2)/4 + (√2)/2. Here's what you do:
Make it so these terms have the same denominator. The lowest common denominator, or the denominator that would be evenly divisible by both the denominators "4" and "2," is "4."
So, to make the second term, (√2)/2, have the denominator of 4, you need to multiply both its numerator and denominator by 2/2. (√2)/2 x 2/2 = (2√2)/4.
Add up the numerators of the fractions while leaving the denominator the same. Do just what you would do if you were adding fractions. (√2)/4 + (2√2)/4 = 3√2)/4.
Tips
Always simplify any radicands that have perfect square factors before you begin identifying and combining like radicands.
Warnings
Never combine non-like radicals.
Never combine an integer and a radical so that means that: 3 + (2x)1/2 can not be simplified.
Note: saying the "half power of (2x)" = (2x)1/2 is just another way to say "square root of (2x)".
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Basics Down\\n1-1. Simplify any terms inside the radicals when possible\\nTo simplify the terms inside of the radicals, try to factor them to find at least one term that is a perfect square, such as 25 (5 x 5) or 9 (3 x 3). Once you do that, then you can take the square root of the perfect square and write it outside the radical, leaving the remaining factor inside the radical. For this example, we are working with the problem 6√50 - 2√8 + 5√12. The numbers outside the radical sign are the coefficients and the numbers inside it are the radicands. Here's how you simplify each of the terms:\\n\\n6√50 = 6√(25 x 2) = (6 x 5)√2 = 30√2. Here, you've factored \\\"50\\\" into \\\"25 x 2\\\" and then have pulled out the \\\"5\\\" from the perfect square, \\\"25\\\", and placed it outside of the radical, with the \\\"2\\\" remaining on the inside. Then, you multiplied \\\"5\\\" by \\\"6\\\", the number already outside the radical, to get 30 as the new coefficient.\\n2√8 = 2√(4 x 2) = (2 x 2)√2 = 4√2. Here, you've factored \\\"8\\\" into \\\"4 x 2\\\" and then have pulled out the \\\"2\\\" from the perfect square \\\"4\\\" and placed it outside the radical, leaving the \\\"2\\\" on the inside. Then, you multiplied \\\"2\\\" by \\\"2\\\", the number already outside the radical, to get 4 as the new coefficient.\\n5√12 = 5√(4 x 3) = (5 x 2)√3 = 10√3. Here, you've factored \\\"12\\\" into \\\"4 x 3\\\" and have pulled out the \\\"2\\\" from the perfect square \\\"4\\\" and placed it outside the radical, leaving the factor \\\"3\\\" on the inside. Then, you multiplied \\\"2\\\" by \\\"5\\\", the number already outside the radical, to get 10 as the new coefficient.\\n1-2. Circle any terms with matching radicands.\\nOnce you simplified the radicands of the terms you were given, you were left with the following equation: 30√2 - 4√2 + 10√3. Since you can only add or subtract like terms, you should circle the terms that have the same radical, which in this example are 30√2 and 4√2. You can think of this as being similar to adding or subtracting fractions, where you can only add or subtract the terms if the denominators are the same.\\n1-3. If you're working with a longer equation and there are multiple pairs with matching radicands, then you can circle the first pair, underline the second, put an asterisk by the third, and so on.\\nLining the terms up in order will make it easier for you to visualize the solution, too.\\n1-4. Add or subtract the coefficients of the terms with matching radicands.\\nNow, all you have to do is to add or subtract the coefficients of the terms with the matching radicands and leave any additional terms as part of the equation. Do not combine the radicands. The idea is that you are saying how many of that type of radicand there are, total. The non-matching terms can stay as they are. Here's what you do:\\n\\n30√2 - 4√2 + 10√3 =\\n(30 - 4)√2 + 10√3 =\\n26√2 + 10√3\\n2. Getting More Practice\\n2-1. Do Example 1.\\nIn this example, you are adding the following square roots: √(45) + 4√5. Here is what you have to do:\\nSimplify √(45). First, you can factor it out to get √(9 x 5).\\nThen, you can pull out a \\\"3\\\" from the perfect square, \\\"9,\\\" and make it the coefficient of the radical. So, √(45) = 3√5.\\nNow, just add up the coefficients of the two terms with matching radicands to get your answer. 3√5 + 4√5 = 7√5\\n2-2. Do Example 2.\\nThis example is the following problem: 6√(40) - 3√(10) + √5. Here is what you have to do to solve it:\\nSimplify 6√(40). First you can factor out \\\"40\\\" to get \\\"4 x 10\\\", which makes 6√(40) = 6√(4 x 10).\\nThen, you can pull out a \\\"2\\\" from the perfect square, \\\"4,\\\" and then multiply it by the current coefficient. Now you've got 6√(4 x 10) = (6 x 2)√10.\\nMultiply the two coefficients to get 12√10.\\nNow, your problem reads 12√10 - 3√(10) + √5. Since the first two terms have the same radicand, you can subtract the second term from the first and leave the third as it is.\\nYou're left with (12-3)√10 + √5, which can be simplified to 9√10 + √5.\\n2-3. Do Example 3.\\nThis example is the following: 9√5 -2√3 - 4√5. Here, none of the radicals have factors that are perfect squares, so no simplifying is possible. The first and third terms are like radicals, so their coefficients can already be combined (9 - 4). The radicand is unaffected. The remaining terms are not alike, so the problem can be simplified as 5√5 - 2√3.\\n2-4. Do Example 4.\\nLet's say you're working with the following problem: √9 + √4 - 3√2. Here is what you do:\\nSince √9 is equal to √(3 x 3), you can simplify √9 to 3.\\nSince √4 is equal to √(2 x 2), you can simplify √4 to 2.\\nNow, you can simply add 3 + 2 to get 5.\\nSince 5 and 3√2 are not like terms, there's nothing more you can do. Your final answer is 5 - 3√2.\\n2-5. Do Example 5.\\nLet's try adding and subtracting square roots that are part of a fraction. Now, as with a regular fraction, you can only add or subtract fractions that have the same numerator or denominator. Let's say you're working with this problem: (√2)/4 + (√2)/2. Here's what you do:\\nMake it so these terms have the same denominator. The lowest common denominator, or the denominator that would be evenly divisible by both the denominators \\\"4\\\" and \\\"2,\\\" is \\\"4.\\\"\\nSo, to make the second term, (√2)/2, have the denominator of 4, you need to multiply both its numerator and denominator by 2/2. (√2)/2 x 2/2 = (2√2)/4.\\nAdd up the numerators of the fractions while leaving the denominator the same. Do just what you would do if you were adding fractions. (√2)/4 + (2√2)/4 = 3√2)/4.\\nTips\\nAlways simplify any radicands that have perfect square factors before you begin identifying and combining like radicands.\\nWarnings\\nNever combine non-like radicals.\\nNever combine an integer and a radical so that means that: 3 + (2x)1/2 can not be simplified.\\nNote: saying the \\\"half power of (2x)\\\" = (2x)1/2 is just another way to say \\\"square root of (2x)\\\".\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"To add and subtract square roots, you need to combine square roots with the same radical term. This means that you add or subtract 2√3 and 4√3, but not 2√3 and 2√5. There are many cases where you can actually simplify the number inside the radical to be able to combine like terms and to freely add and subtract square roots.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Basics Down\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Simplify any terms inside the radicals when possible\", \"描述\": \"To simplify the terms inside of the radicals, try to factor them to find at least one term that is a perfect square, such as 25 (5 x 5) or 9 (3 x 3). Once you do that, then you can take the square root of the perfect square and write it outside the radical, leaving the remaining factor inside the radical. For this example, we are working with the problem 6√50 - 2√8 + 5√12. The numbers outside the radical sign are the coefficients and the numbers inside it are the radicands. Here's how you simplify each of the terms:\\n\\n6√50 = 6√(25 x 2) = (6 x 5)√2 = 30√2. Here, you've factored \\\"50\\\" into \\\"25 x 2\\\" and then have pulled out the \\\"5\\\" from the perfect square, \\\"25\\\", and placed it outside of the radical, with the \\\"2\\\" remaining on the inside. Then, you multiplied \\\"5\\\" by \\\"6\\\", the number already outside the radical, to get 30 as the new coefficient.\\n2√8 = 2√(4 x 2) = (2 x 2)√2 = 4√2. Here, you've factored \\\"8\\\" into \\\"4 x 2\\\" and then have pulled out the \\\"2\\\" from the perfect square \\\"4\\\" and placed it outside the radical, leaving the \\\"2\\\" on the inside. Then, you multiplied \\\"2\\\" by \\\"2\\\", the number already outside the radical, to get 4 as the new coefficient.\\n5√12 = 5√(4 x 3) = (5 x 2)√3 = 10√3. Here, you've factored \\\"12\\\" into \\\"4 x 3\\\" and have pulled out the \\\"2\\\" from the perfect square \\\"4\\\" and placed it outside the radical, leaving the factor \\\"3\\\" on the inside. Then, you multiplied \\\"2\\\" by \\\"5\\\", the number already outside the radical, to get 10 as the new coefficient.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Circle any terms with matching radicands.\", \"描述\": \"Once you simplified the radicands of the terms you were given, you were left with the following equation: 30√2 - 4√2 + 10√3. Since you can only add or subtract like terms, you should circle the terms that have the same radical, which in this example are 30√2 and 4√2. You can think of this as being similar to adding or subtracting fractions, where you can only add or subtract the terms if the denominators are the same.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"If you're working with a longer equation and there are multiple pairs with matching radicands, then you can circle the first pair, underline the second, put an asterisk by the third, and so on.\", \"描述\": \"Lining the terms up in order will make it easier for you to visualize the solution, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add or subtract the coefficients of the terms with matching radicands.\", \"描述\": \"Now, all you have to do is to add or subtract the coefficients of the terms with the matching radicands and leave any additional terms as part of the equation. Do not combine the radicands. The idea is that you are saying how many of that type of radicand there are, total. The non-matching terms can stay as they are. Here's what you do:\\n\\n30√2 - 4√2 + 10√3 =\\n(30 - 4)√2 + 10√3 =\\n26√2 + 10√3\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting More Practice\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do Example 1.\", \"描述\": \"In this example, you are adding the following square roots: √(45) + 4√5. Here is what you have to do:\\nSimplify √(45). First, you can factor it out to get √(9 x 5).\\nThen, you can pull out a \\\"3\\\" from the perfect square, \\\"9,\\\" and make it the coefficient of the radical. So, √(45) = 3√5.\\nNow, just add up the coefficients of the two terms with matching radicands to get your answer. 3√5 + 4√5 = 7√5\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do Example 2.\", \"描述\": \"This example is the following problem: 6√(40) - 3√(10) + √5. Here is what you have to do to solve it:\\nSimplify 6√(40). First you can factor out \\\"40\\\" to get \\\"4 x 10\\\", which makes 6√(40) = 6√(4 x 10).\\nThen, you can pull out a \\\"2\\\" from the perfect square, \\\"4,\\\" and then multiply it by the current coefficient. Now you've got 6√(4 x 10) = (6 x 2)√10.\\nMultiply the two coefficients to get 12√10.\\nNow, your problem reads 12√10 - 3√(10) + √5. Since the first two terms have the same radicand, you can subtract the second term from the first and leave the third as it is.\\nYou're left with (12-3)√10 + √5, which can be simplified to 9√10 + √5.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do Example 3.\", \"描述\": \"This example is the following: 9√5 -2√3 - 4√5. Here, none of the radicals have factors that are perfect squares, so no simplifying is possible. The first and third terms are like radicals, so their coefficients can already be combined (9 - 4). The radicand is unaffected. The remaining terms are not alike, so the problem can be simplified as 5√5 - 2√3.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do Example 4.\", \"描述\": \"Let's say you're working with the following problem: √9 + √4 - 3√2. Here is what you do:\\nSince √9 is equal to √(3 x 3), you can simplify √9 to 3.\\nSince √4 is equal to √(2 x 2), you can simplify √4 to 2.\\nNow, you can simply add 3 + 2 to get 5.\\nSince 5 and 3√2 are not like terms, there's nothing more you can do. Your final answer is 5 - 3√2.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do Example 5.\", \"描述\": \"Let's try adding and subtracting square roots that are part of a fraction. Now, as with a regular fraction, you can only add or subtract fractions that have the same numerator or denominator. Let's say you're working with this problem: (√2)/4 + (√2)/2. Here's what you do:\\nMake it so these terms have the same denominator. The lowest common denominator, or the denominator that would be evenly divisible by both the denominators \\\"4\\\" and \\\"2,\\\" is \\\"4.\\\"\\nSo, to make the second term, (√2)/2, have the denominator of 4, you need to multiply both its numerator and denominator by 2/2. (√2)/2 x 2/2 = (2√2)/4.\\nAdd up the numerators of the fractions while leaving the denominator the same. Do just what you would do if you were adding fractions. (√2)/4 + (2√2)/4 = 3√2)/4.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Always simplify any radicands that have perfect square factors before you begin identifying and combining like radicands.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never combine non-like radicals.\\n\", \"Never combine an integer and a radical so that means that: 3 + (2x)1/2 can not be simplified.\\nNote: saying the \\\"half power of (2x)\\\" = (2x)1/2 is just another way to say \\\"square root of (2x)\\\".\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,207 | How to Add in Excel | 1. Using the Plus Sign
1-1. Click the cell in which you want to display the sum.
1-2. Type an equal sign =.
This indicates the beginning of a formula.
1-3. Type the first number you want to add.
If you would rather add the value of an existing cell instead of typing a number manually, just click the cell you want to include in the equation. Otherwise, you can type a number manually.
For example, if you click cell C3, the value of C3 will be the first number in your equation. If you type 1, the number 1 will be the first number in your equation.
1-4. Type a + sign.
1-5. Type another number select another cell.
This adds the second number or value to your equation.
You can add multiple cells or numbers at once if you'd like—just separate each number or address with another + sign.
For example, if you want to find the sum of cells C3, D4, and E5, your formula will look like this =C3+D4+E5.
If you want to add 1 plus 1, your formula will look like this: =1+1 .
You can add other operations, such as subtraction or multiplication, in the same equation. In this example, we'll add the values of C3 and D4 and then subtract 2: =C3+D4-2
1-6. Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.
Now you'll see the sum of the added numbers or values in the selected cell.
2. Using the SUM Function
2-1. Click the cell in which you want to display the sum.
The SUM function works like using the plus + sign, but is a bit easier to work with when you're adding multiple cells and ranges.
2-2. Type an equal sign followed by the word SUM =SUM.
This indicates the beginning of the SUM formula.
2-3. Type an opening parenthesis (.
Your formula should now look like this: =SUM(.
2-4. Select the range of cells you want to add.
Click and drag over all of the cells you want to add together. For example, if you want to add the values of all cells from A1 through A10, select all of those cells now.
You can also select multiple columns and rows here. To select multiple non-adjacent columns and/or rows, hold down the key and as you select each range.
You don't have to select entire ranges with the SUM function—you can also enter individual numbers or cell addresses.
2-5. Type a clothing parenthesis ).
This finishes the formula.
Your formula should now look something like this: =SUM(B4,B8)
In this example, we've selected cells B4 through B8
If you selected non-adjacent ranges, each range will be separated by a comma. In this example, we selected B4 through C8 (two adjacent columns) and E4 through E5: =SUM(B4:C8,E4:E5)
2-6. Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.
The sum of the selected range now appears in this cell.
3. Using AutoSum for Columns and Rows
3-1. Click the cell immediately below or next to the values you want to add.
AutoSum will automatically create a formula that adds the values of an adjacent column or row.
For example, if you want to add the values of cells A:2 through A:10, you would click cell A11.
You can also add multiple columns or rows at the same time by selecting multiple cells. For example, to display the sums of values in columns A, B, and C, you could select cells A11, B11, and C11.
3-2. Click the AutoSum icon on the Home tab Σ.
It's the Sigma icon (which looks like an "E") on the Home tab at the top of Excel. A formula will then appear in the selected cell.
3-3. Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.
Now you'll see the results of the formula in the cell.
If you selected multiple blank cells, you'll see each individual column or row's value in the selected cells.
Tips
Use the SUMIF function to add cells that match certain criteria. For example, if you wanted to find the sum of all cells in A2 through A:10 that are greater than 1, you'd use =SUMIF(A2:A10, ">1").[3]
X
Trustworthy Source
Microsoft Support
Technical support and product information from Microsoft.
Go to source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Plus Sign\\n1-1. Click the cell in which you want to display the sum.\\n\\n1-2. Type an equal sign =.\\nThis indicates the beginning of a formula.\\n1-3. Type the first number you want to add.\\nIf you would rather add the value of an existing cell instead of typing a number manually, just click the cell you want to include in the equation. Otherwise, you can type a number manually.\\nFor example, if you click cell C3, the value of C3 will be the first number in your equation. If you type 1, the number 1 will be the first number in your equation.\\n1-4. Type a + sign.\\n\\n1-5. Type another number select another cell.\\nThis adds the second number or value to your equation.\\nYou can add multiple cells or numbers at once if you'd like—just separate each number or address with another + sign.\\nFor example, if you want to find the sum of cells C3, D4, and E5, your formula will look like this =C3+D4+E5.\\nIf you want to add 1 plus 1, your formula will look like this: =1+1 .\\nYou can add other operations, such as subtraction or multiplication, in the same equation. In this example, we'll add the values of C3 and D4 and then subtract 2: =C3+D4-2\\n1-6. Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.\\nNow you'll see the sum of the added numbers or values in the selected cell.\\n2. Using the SUM Function\\n2-1. Click the cell in which you want to display the sum.\\nThe SUM function works like using the plus + sign, but is a bit easier to work with when you're adding multiple cells and ranges.\\n2-2. Type an equal sign followed by the word SUM =SUM.\\nThis indicates the beginning of the SUM formula.\\n2-3. Type an opening parenthesis (.\\nYour formula should now look like this: =SUM(.\\n2-4. Select the range of cells you want to add.\\nClick and drag over all of the cells you want to add together. For example, if you want to add the values of all cells from A1 through A10, select all of those cells now.\\nYou can also select multiple columns and rows here. To select multiple non-adjacent columns and/or rows, hold down the key and as you select each range.\\nYou don't have to select entire ranges with the SUM function—you can also enter individual numbers or cell addresses.\\n2-5. Type a clothing parenthesis ).\\nThis finishes the formula.\\nYour formula should now look something like this: =SUM(B4,B8)\\nIn this example, we've selected cells B4 through B8\\nIf you selected non-adjacent ranges, each range will be separated by a comma. In this example, we selected B4 through C8 (two adjacent columns) and E4 through E5: =SUM(B4:C8,E4:E5)\\n2-6. Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.\\nThe sum of the selected range now appears in this cell.\\n3. Using AutoSum for Columns and Rows\\n3-1. Click the cell immediately below or next to the values you want to add.\\nAutoSum will automatically create a formula that adds the values of an adjacent column or row.\\nFor example, if you want to add the values of cells A:2 through A:10, you would click cell A11.\\nYou can also add multiple columns or rows at the same time by selecting multiple cells. For example, to display the sums of values in columns A, B, and C, you could select cells A11, B11, and C11.\\n3-2. Click the AutoSum icon on the Home tab Σ.\\nIt's the Sigma icon (which looks like an \\\"E\\\") on the Home tab at the top of Excel. A formula will then appear in the selected cell.\\n3-3. Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.\\nNow you'll see the results of the formula in the cell.\\nIf you selected multiple blank cells, you'll see each individual column or row's value in the selected cells.\\nTips\\nUse the SUMIF function to add cells that match certain criteria. For example, if you wanted to find the sum of all cells in A2 through A:10 that are greater than 1, you'd use =SUMIF(A2:A10, \\\">1\\\").[3]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nMicrosoft Support\\nTechnical support and product information from Microsoft.\\nGo to source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Need to find the sum of a column, row, or set of numbers in Excel? Microsoft Excel comes with many mathematical functions, including multiple ways to add sets of numbers. This wikiHow article will teach you the easiest ways to add numbers, cell values, and ranges in Microsoft Excel.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Plus Sign\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Click the cell in which you want to display the sum.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Type an equal sign =.\", \"描述\": \"This indicates the beginning of a formula.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Type the first number you want to add.\", \"描述\": \"If you would rather add the value of an existing cell instead of typing a number manually, just click the cell you want to include in the equation. Otherwise, you can type a number manually.\\nFor example, if you click cell C3, the value of C3 will be the first number in your equation. If you type 1, the number 1 will be the first number in your equation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Type a + sign.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Type another number select another cell.\", \"描述\": \"This adds the second number or value to your equation.\\nYou can add multiple cells or numbers at once if you'd like—just separate each number or address with another + sign.\\nFor example, if you want to find the sum of cells C3, D4, and E5, your formula will look like this =C3+D4+E5.\\nIf you want to add 1 plus 1, your formula will look like this: =1+1 .\\nYou can add other operations, such as subtraction or multiplication, in the same equation. In this example, we'll add the values of C3 and D4 and then subtract 2: =C3+D4-2\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.\", \"描述\": \"Now you'll see the sum of the added numbers or values in the selected cell.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using the SUM Function\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Click the cell in which you want to display the sum.\", \"描述\": \"The SUM function works like using the plus + sign, but is a bit easier to work with when you're adding multiple cells and ranges.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Type an equal sign followed by the word SUM =SUM.\", \"描述\": \"This indicates the beginning of the SUM formula.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Type an opening parenthesis (.\", \"描述\": \"Your formula should now look like this: =SUM(.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Select the range of cells you want to add.\", \"描述\": \"Click and drag over all of the cells you want to add together. For example, if you want to add the values of all cells from A1 through A10, select all of those cells now.\\nYou can also select multiple columns and rows here. To select multiple non-adjacent columns and/or rows, hold down the key and as you select each range.\\nYou don't have to select entire ranges with the SUM function—you can also enter individual numbers or cell addresses.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Type a clothing parenthesis ).\", \"描述\": \"This finishes the formula.\\nYour formula should now look something like this: =SUM(B4,B8)\\nIn this example, we've selected cells B4 through B8\\nIf you selected non-adjacent ranges, each range will be separated by a comma. In this example, we selected B4 through C8 (two adjacent columns) and E4 through E5: =SUM(B4:C8,E4:E5)\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.\", \"描述\": \"The sum of the selected range now appears in this cell.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using AutoSum for Columns and Rows\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Click the cell immediately below or next to the values you want to add.\", \"描述\": \"AutoSum will automatically create a formula that adds the values of an adjacent column or row.\\nFor example, if you want to add the values of cells A:2 through A:10, you would click cell A11.\\nYou can also add multiple columns or rows at the same time by selecting multiple cells. For example, to display the sums of values in columns A, B, and C, you could select cells A11, B11, and C11.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Click the AutoSum icon on the Home tab Σ.\", \"描述\": \"It's the Sigma icon (which looks like an \\\"E\\\") on the Home tab at the top of Excel. A formula will then appear in the selected cell.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return.\", \"描述\": \"Now you'll see the results of the formula in the cell.\\nIf you selected multiple blank cells, you'll see each individual column or row's value in the selected cells.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Use the SUMIF function to add cells that match certain criteria. For example, if you wanted to find the sum of all cells in A2 through A:10 that are greater than 1, you'd use =SUMIF(A2:A10, \\\">1\\\").[3]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nMicrosoft Support\\nTechnical support and product information from Microsoft.\\nGo to source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,208 | How to Add or Change the Default Gateway in Linux | 1. Using the Terminal
1-1. Open the Terminal.
You can open the Terminal from the side bar, or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.
1-2. View your current default gateway.
You can check what your default gateway is set to by typing route and pressing ↵ Enter. The address next to "default" shows your default gateway, and the interface it is assigned to is displayed on the right side of the table.
1-3. Delete your current default gateway.
If you have more than one default gateway set, you'll run into connection conflicts. Delete your existing default gateway if you intend to change it.
Type sudo route delete default gw IP Address Adapter. For example, to delete the default gateway 10.0.2.2 on the eth0 adapter, type sudo route delete default gw 10.0.2.2 eth0.
1-4. Type .
For example, to change the default gateway of the eth0 adapter to 192.168.1.254, you would type sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.254 eth0. You'll be prompted for your user password in order to complete the command.
2. Editing Your Configuration File
2-1. Open the configuration file in an editor.
Type sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces to open the file in the nano editor. Editing your configuration file will keep your changes every time the system restarts.
2-2. Navigate to the correct section.
Find the section for the adapter you want to change the default gateway for. For a wired connection, this is usually eth0.
2-3. Add .
For example, type gateway 192.168.1.254 to make the default gateway 192.168.1.254.
2-4. Save your changes and exit.
Press Ctrl+X and then Y to save your changes and exit.
2-5. Restart your network.
Restart your network by typing sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Terminal\\n1-1. Open the Terminal.\\nYou can open the Terminal from the side bar, or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.\\n1-2. View your current default gateway.\\nYou can check what your default gateway is set to by typing route and pressing ↵ Enter. The address next to \\\"default\\\" shows your default gateway, and the interface it is assigned to is displayed on the right side of the table.\\n1-3. Delete your current default gateway.\\nIf you have more than one default gateway set, you'll run into connection conflicts. Delete your existing default gateway if you intend to change it.\\nType sudo route delete default gw IP Address Adapter. For example, to delete the default gateway 10.0.2.2 on the eth0 adapter, type sudo route delete default gw 10.0.2.2 eth0.\\n1-4. Type .\\nFor example, to change the default gateway of the eth0 adapter to 192.168.1.254, you would type sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.254 eth0. You'll be prompted for your user password in order to complete the command.\\n2. Editing Your Configuration File\\n2-1. Open the configuration file in an editor.\\nType sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces to open the file in the nano editor. Editing your configuration file will keep your changes every time the system restarts.\\n2-2. Navigate to the correct section.\\nFind the section for the adapter you want to change the default gateway for. For a wired connection, this is usually eth0.\\n2-3. Add .\\nFor example, type gateway 192.168.1.254 to make the default gateway 192.168.1.254.\\n2-4. Save your changes and exit.\\nPress Ctrl+X and then Y to save your changes and exit.\\n2-5. Restart your network.\\nRestart your network by typing sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you need to find or change the IP address of your default gateway or router on Linux, you're in luck—it's super easy to do. This wikiHow article will show you how to use the route command to find the default gateway IP address on Linux, and how to set a new default gateway in your /etc/network/interfaces configuration file.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Terminal\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open the Terminal.\", \"描述\": \"You can open the Terminal from the side bar, or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"View your current default gateway.\", \"描述\": \"You can check what your default gateway is set to by typing route and pressing ↵ Enter. The address next to \\\"default\\\" shows your default gateway, and the interface it is assigned to is displayed on the right side of the table.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Delete your current default gateway.\", \"描述\": \"If you have more than one default gateway set, you'll run into connection conflicts. Delete your existing default gateway if you intend to change it.\\nType sudo route delete default gw IP Address Adapter. For example, to delete the default gateway 10.0.2.2 on the eth0 adapter, type sudo route delete default gw 10.0.2.2 eth0.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Type .\", \"描述\": \"For example, to change the default gateway of the eth0 adapter to 192.168.1.254, you would type sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.254 eth0. You'll be prompted for your user password in order to complete the command.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Editing Your Configuration File\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open the configuration file in an editor.\", \"描述\": \"Type sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces to open the file in the nano editor. Editing your configuration file will keep your changes every time the system restarts.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Navigate to the correct section.\", \"描述\": \"Find the section for the adapter you want to change the default gateway for. For a wired connection, this is usually eth0.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add .\", \"描述\": \"For example, type gateway 192.168.1.254 to make the default gateway 192.168.1.254.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Save your changes and exit.\", \"描述\": \"Press Ctrl+X and then Y to save your changes and exit.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Restart your network.\", \"描述\": \"Restart your network by typing sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,209 | How to Add or Claim Your Business on Bing Maps | 1. Claiming or Adding a Small Business
1-1. Navigate to https://www.bingplaces.com/ in a web browser.
This is the website you use to add and claim your business on Bing Maps.
1-2. Sign in to your account.
You can sign in using a Google account, Facebook account, Microsoft account, or work account. Use the following steps to sign in:
Click in the upper-right corner.
Click which method you want to use to sign in (Google, Facebook, Microsoft, work) in the menu to the right.
Select your account, or enter the email address and password associated with your account and sign in.
1-3. Click Claim or add your business manually.
It's the green button in the box on the right. This displays a form that you need to fill out to add or claim your business.
Alternatively, if you have a Google My Business account, click the button that says in the box on the left. Then sign in with the Google account associated with your My Business account. This will take less time and you will get instant verification.
1-4. Select "Small or medium business (1-10 locations)" in the drop-down menu at the top.
It's the first option in the drop-down menu at the top. This is the option you select if your business has between 1 - 10 locations.
If you have a chain business (more than 10 locations) or are an agency that manages business listings, you will need to contact Microsoft to verify your account. Then you will need to verify your business and upload all your locations using a spreadsheet.
You cannot claim or add a business unless your business has a physical location. If you are an online business without a physical location, use the Bing webmaster tool instead.
1-5. Search for your business listing.
You need to search for your business listing to claim it or create a new listing. Use the following steps to search for your business listing.
Use the second drop-down menu at the top to select the country or region your business resides in.
Enter your business phone number or you business name and address.
Click .
1-6. Click Create new business or Claim and edit details.
If your business is listed on Bing, you can claim the business and edit the details. If your business is not listed on Bing, you can create a new business.
1-7. Enter the basic business information and click Next.
The first form you need to fill out is your basic business information. If the business is already listed on Bing, verify that the information is correct. Fill out or verify the following information and click at the bottom:
Enter your business or professional name in the bar at the top.
Enter your primary business phone number in the bar labeled ""Main phone."
Enter your business address in the bars below "Address."
Enter your business website in the bar at the bottom.
Click .
1-8. Select your business category information.
The second form is your business category. Use the following steps to enter your business category information or verify the information that is already listed:
Click next to "Segment of business."
Click one of the options in the menu and click .
Type a business category or click next to "Business Category" and click the checkbox next to the options available.
Select your primary category from the drop-down menu.
Enter a brief description of your business in the box at the bottom.
Click .
1-9. Select if you want your address to be shown in Bing or be hidden.
If customers are expected to visit your address, click the radio option next to "Yes, this is a business address. Show full address in search results." If you wish to hide your address, click the radio option next to "No, hide this address in search results." Your city and zip code will be the only thing that appears in search results.
1-10. Enter a unique store code.
If you have a unique store code, enter it in the box labeled "Store code."
1-11. Select if you are a business or a professional and click Next.
If you are business (store, restaurant, etc) click the radio option next to "Business." If you are a professional (i.g, a freelancer, service provider), click the radio option next to "Professional." Click when you are done.
1-12. Enter your contact details and click Next.
Enter a contact email address in the bar at the top. Then you can add optional contact information such as a Facebook page, Twitter, Yelp, or TripAdvisor link in the spaces provided. Click when you are done.
1-13. Add photos of your business listing and click Next.
You can add up to 100 photos. The first photo you upload will be the primary photo that is displayed in search results. The first photo you upload should be a logo or a good image of your store front. Use the following steps to upload a photo:
Click
Click an image file you want to upload.
Click
Click when you have uploaded all the photos you want to add.
1-14. Select your working hours and click Submit.
Use the drop-down menu to select your working hours. Then click when you are finished.
1-15. Click Verify Now.
You need to verify your business before it appears on Bing. If you are using the website on a desktop computer, the only option is to have a PIN mailed to you on a post card. You will use that PIN to verify your business. This will take about 5-6 business days to receive the card by mail. You can also verify your business using the mobile app. This takes about 2-3 business days.
1-16. Verify your business by post card.
This takes about 5-6 business days. If you choose this option, you will not be able to verify your business using the mobile app. Use the following steps to verify your business by a post card in the mail:
Click .
Wait for the post card to arrive in the mail.
Go to https://www.bingplaces.com/DashBoard/Home/ in a web browser.
Enter the PIN next to where it says "Enter postal PIN here."
Click .
1-17. Verify your buisness using the mobile app.
The Bing Places for Businesses app is available for free from the Google Play Store on Android phones and tablets or the App Store on iPhone and iPad. This options takes 1-3 business days to verify your business. Use the following steps to verify your business using the mobile app:
Download the app from the Google Play Store or App Store.
Click in your web browser.
Open the app on your smartphone or tablet.
Click below "Complete Verification."
Click below "Phone verification" or "SMS/Text verification."
Retrieve the PIN from the phone call or text messages.
Enter the PIN and click .
2. Adding a Chain Business or Agency
2-1. Visit https://www.bingplaces.com/ in a web browser.
This is the website you use to add and claim your business on Bing Maps.
2-2. Sign in to your account.
You can sign in using a Google account, Facebook account, Microsoft account, or work account. Use the following steps to sign in:
Click in the upper-right corner.
Click which method you want to use to sign in (Google, Facebook, Microsoft, work) in the menu to the right.
Select your account, or enter the email address and password associated with your account and sign in.
2-3. Click Claim or add your business manually.
It's the green button in the box on the right. This displays a form that you need to fill out to add or claim your business.
Alternatively, if you have a Google My Business account, click the button that says in the box on the left. Then sign in with the Google account associated with your My Business account. This will take less time and you will get instant verification.
2-4. Select "Chain Business (More than 10 locations)" in the drop-down menu at the top.
It's the second option in the drop-down menu below "What is your business type." This opens a form for you to fill out.
If you are an agency that manages listings on behalf of clients, select "I manage listings on my cient's behalf" in drop-down below "What is your business type."
2-5. Enter your chain name, website, and number of locations and click Next.
Enter the name of your business chain in the first box. Then enter your business website in the second bar. Enter the number of locations your chain has in the third box. Click at the bottom when you are ready to continue.
If you are an agency that manages business listings on behalf of your clients, fill out the form. You will need to enter your agency name and website. Then enter your contact details, and the address of your head office. Click when you are ready to continue.
2-6. Enter your corporate address and phone number and click Next.
You will need to enter the address of your corporate office. Use the last bar to enter a valid contact number. Click when you are ready continue.
2-7. Click Submit.
This sends your information off to Microsoft. Microsoft will contact you to confirm your business information. Once they contact you and verify your business information, they will provide you with a spreadsheet template you can use to fill out your business location details. They will give you instructions on how to fill out the spreadsheet and upload it to Bing Places.
Tips
Search for you business first to avoid creating duplicate business listings for your business.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Claiming or Adding a Small Business\\n1-1. Navigate to https://www.bingplaces.com/ in a web browser.\\nThis is the website you use to add and claim your business on Bing Maps.\\n1-2. Sign in to your account.\\nYou can sign in using a Google account, Facebook account, Microsoft account, or work account. Use the following steps to sign in:\\nClick in the upper-right corner.\\nClick which method you want to use to sign in (Google, Facebook, Microsoft, work) in the menu to the right.\\nSelect your account, or enter the email address and password associated with your account and sign in.\\n1-3. Click Claim or add your business manually.\\nIt's the green button in the box on the right. This displays a form that you need to fill out to add or claim your business.\\nAlternatively, if you have a Google My Business account, click the button that says in the box on the left. Then sign in with the Google account associated with your My Business account. This will take less time and you will get instant verification.\\n1-4. Select \\\"Small or medium business (1-10 locations)\\\" in the drop-down menu at the top.\\nIt's the first option in the drop-down menu at the top. This is the option you select if your business has between 1 - 10 locations.\\nIf you have a chain business (more than 10 locations) or are an agency that manages business listings, you will need to contact Microsoft to verify your account. Then you will need to verify your business and upload all your locations using a spreadsheet.\\nYou cannot claim or add a business unless your business has a physical location. If you are an online business without a physical location, use the Bing webmaster tool instead.\\n1-5. Search for your business listing.\\nYou need to search for your business listing to claim it or create a new listing. Use the following steps to search for your business listing.\\nUse the second drop-down menu at the top to select the country or region your business resides in.\\nEnter your business phone number or you business name and address.\\nClick .\\n1-6. Click Create new business or Claim and edit details.\\nIf your business is listed on Bing, you can claim the business and edit the details. If your business is not listed on Bing, you can create a new business.\\n1-7. Enter the basic business information and click Next.\\nThe first form you need to fill out is your basic business information. If the business is already listed on Bing, verify that the information is correct. Fill out or verify the following information and click at the bottom:\\nEnter your business or professional name in the bar at the top.\\nEnter your primary business phone number in the bar labeled \\\"\\\"Main phone.\\\"\\nEnter your business address in the bars below \\\"Address.\\\"\\nEnter your business website in the bar at the bottom.\\nClick .\\n1-8. Select your business category information.\\nThe second form is your business category. Use the following steps to enter your business category information or verify the information that is already listed:\\nClick next to \\\"Segment of business.\\\"\\nClick one of the options in the menu and click .\\nType a business category or click next to \\\"Business Category\\\" and click the checkbox next to the options available.\\nSelect your primary category from the drop-down menu.\\nEnter a brief description of your business in the box at the bottom.\\nClick .\\n1-9. Select if you want your address to be shown in Bing or be hidden.\\nIf customers are expected to visit your address, click the radio option next to \\\"Yes, this is a business address. Show full address in search results.\\\" If you wish to hide your address, click the radio option next to \\\"No, hide this address in search results.\\\" Your city and zip code will be the only thing that appears in search results.\\n1-10. Enter a unique store code.\\nIf you have a unique store code, enter it in the box labeled \\\"Store code.\\\"\\n1-11. Select if you are a business or a professional and click Next.\\nIf you are business (store, restaurant, etc) click the radio option next to \\\"Business.\\\" If you are a professional (i.g, a freelancer, service provider), click the radio option next to \\\"Professional.\\\" Click when you are done.\\n1-12. Enter your contact details and click Next.\\nEnter a contact email address in the bar at the top. Then you can add optional contact information such as a Facebook page, Twitter, Yelp, or TripAdvisor link in the spaces provided. Click when you are done.\\n1-13. Add photos of your business listing and click Next.\\nYou can add up to 100 photos. The first photo you upload will be the primary photo that is displayed in search results. The first photo you upload should be a logo or a good image of your store front. Use the following steps to upload a photo:\\nClick \\nClick an image file you want to upload.\\nClick \\nClick when you have uploaded all the photos you want to add.\\n1-14. Select your working hours and click Submit.\\nUse the drop-down menu to select your working hours. Then click when you are finished.\\n1-15. Click Verify Now.\\nYou need to verify your business before it appears on Bing. If you are using the website on a desktop computer, the only option is to have a PIN mailed to you on a post card. You will use that PIN to verify your business. This will take about 5-6 business days to receive the card by mail. You can also verify your business using the mobile app. This takes about 2-3 business days.\\n1-16. Verify your business by post card.\\nThis takes about 5-6 business days. If you choose this option, you will not be able to verify your business using the mobile app. Use the following steps to verify your business by a post card in the mail:\\nClick .\\nWait for the post card to arrive in the mail.\\nGo to https://www.bingplaces.com/DashBoard/Home/ in a web browser.\\nEnter the PIN next to where it says \\\"Enter postal PIN here.\\\"\\nClick .\\n1-17. Verify your buisness using the mobile app.\\nThe Bing Places for Businesses app is available for free from the Google Play Store on Android phones and tablets or the App Store on iPhone and iPad. This options takes 1-3 business days to verify your business. Use the following steps to verify your business using the mobile app:\\nDownload the app from the Google Play Store or App Store.\\nClick in your web browser.\\nOpen the app on your smartphone or tablet.\\nClick below \\\"Complete Verification.\\\"\\nClick below \\\"Phone verification\\\" or \\\"SMS/Text verification.\\\"\\nRetrieve the PIN from the phone call or text messages.\\nEnter the PIN and click .\\n2. Adding a Chain Business or Agency\\n2-1. Visit https://www.bingplaces.com/ in a web browser.\\nThis is the website you use to add and claim your business on Bing Maps.\\n2-2. Sign in to your account.\\nYou can sign in using a Google account, Facebook account, Microsoft account, or work account. Use the following steps to sign in:\\nClick in the upper-right corner.\\nClick which method you want to use to sign in (Google, Facebook, Microsoft, work) in the menu to the right.\\nSelect your account, or enter the email address and password associated with your account and sign in.\\n2-3. Click Claim or add your business manually.\\nIt's the green button in the box on the right. This displays a form that you need to fill out to add or claim your business.\\nAlternatively, if you have a Google My Business account, click the button that says in the box on the left. Then sign in with the Google account associated with your My Business account. This will take less time and you will get instant verification.\\n2-4. Select \\\"Chain Business (More than 10 locations)\\\" in the drop-down menu at the top.\\nIt's the second option in the drop-down menu below \\\"What is your business type.\\\" This opens a form for you to fill out.\\nIf you are an agency that manages listings on behalf of clients, select \\\"I manage listings on my cient's behalf\\\" in drop-down below \\\"What is your business type.\\\"\\n2-5. Enter your chain name, website, and number of locations and click Next.\\nEnter the name of your business chain in the first box. Then enter your business website in the second bar. Enter the number of locations your chain has in the third box. Click at the bottom when you are ready to continue.\\nIf you are an agency that manages business listings on behalf of your clients, fill out the form. You will need to enter your agency name and website. Then enter your contact details, and the address of your head office. Click when you are ready to continue.\\n2-6. Enter your corporate address and phone number and click Next.\\nYou will need to enter the address of your corporate office. Use the last bar to enter a valid contact number. Click when you are ready continue.\\n2-7. Click Submit.\\nThis sends your information off to Microsoft. Microsoft will contact you to confirm your business information. Once they contact you and verify your business information, they will provide you with a spreadsheet template you can use to fill out your business location details. They will give you instructions on how to fill out the spreadsheet and upload it to Bing Places.\\nTips\\nSearch for you business first to avoid creating duplicate business listings for your business.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"More and more consumers are going online to find businesses and services in their local area. Claiming your business listing with the Bing Business Portal creates an opportunity for you to increase your visibility and influence consumers to visit your business. This wikiHow teaches you how to add or claim your business on Bing Maps.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Claiming or Adding a Small Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Navigate to https://www.bingplaces.com/ in a web browser.\", \"描述\": \"This is the website you use to add and claim your business on Bing Maps.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sign in to your account.\", \"描述\": \"You can sign in using a Google account, Facebook account, Microsoft account, or work account. Use the following steps to sign in:\\nClick in the upper-right corner.\\nClick which method you want to use to sign in (Google, Facebook, Microsoft, work) in the menu to the right.\\nSelect your account, or enter the email address and password associated with your account and sign in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Click Claim or add your business manually.\", \"描述\": \"It's the green button in the box on the right. This displays a form that you need to fill out to add or claim your business.\\nAlternatively, if you have a Google My Business account, click the button that says in the box on the left. Then sign in with the Google account associated with your My Business account. This will take less time and you will get instant verification.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Select \\\"Small or medium business (1-10 locations)\\\" in the drop-down menu at the top.\", \"描述\": \"It's the first option in the drop-down menu at the top. This is the option you select if your business has between 1 - 10 locations.\\nIf you have a chain business (more than 10 locations) or are an agency that manages business listings, you will need to contact Microsoft to verify your account. Then you will need to verify your business and upload all your locations using a spreadsheet.\\nYou cannot claim or add a business unless your business has a physical location. If you are an online business without a physical location, use the Bing webmaster tool instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Search for your business listing.\", \"描述\": \"You need to search for your business listing to claim it or create a new listing. Use the following steps to search for your business listing.\\nUse the second drop-down menu at the top to select the country or region your business resides in.\\nEnter your business phone number or you business name and address.\\nClick .\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Click Create new business or Claim and edit details.\", \"描述\": \"If your business is listed on Bing, you can claim the business and edit the details. If your business is not listed on Bing, you can create a new business.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Enter the basic business information and click Next.\", \"描述\": \"The first form you need to fill out is your basic business information. If the business is already listed on Bing, verify that the information is correct. Fill out or verify the following information and click at the bottom:\\nEnter your business or professional name in the bar at the top.\\nEnter your primary business phone number in the bar labeled \\\"\\\"Main phone.\\\"\\nEnter your business address in the bars below \\\"Address.\\\"\\nEnter your business website in the bar at the bottom.\\nClick .\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Select your business category information.\", \"描述\": \"The second form is your business category. Use the following steps to enter your business category information or verify the information that is already listed:\\nClick next to \\\"Segment of business.\\\"\\nClick one of the options in the menu and click .\\nType a business category or click next to \\\"Business Category\\\" and click the checkbox next to the options available.\\nSelect your primary category from the drop-down menu.\\nEnter a brief description of your business in the box at the bottom.\\nClick .\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Select if you want your address to be shown in Bing or be hidden.\", \"描述\": \"If customers are expected to visit your address, click the radio option next to \\\"Yes, this is a business address. Show full address in search results.\\\" If you wish to hide your address, click the radio option next to \\\"No, hide this address in search results.\\\" Your city and zip code will be the only thing that appears in search results.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Enter a unique store code.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a unique store code, enter it in the box labeled \\\"Store code.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Select if you are a business or a professional and click Next.\", \"描述\": \"If you are business (store, restaurant, etc) click the radio option next to \\\"Business.\\\" If you are a professional (i.g, a freelancer, service provider), click the radio option next to \\\"Professional.\\\" Click when you are done.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Enter your contact details and click Next.\", \"描述\": \"Enter a contact email address in the bar at the top. Then you can add optional contact information such as a Facebook page, Twitter, Yelp, or TripAdvisor link in the spaces provided. Click when you are done.\"}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Add photos of your business listing and click Next.\", \"描述\": \"You can add up to 100 photos. The first photo you upload will be the primary photo that is displayed in search results. The first photo you upload should be a logo or a good image of your store front. Use the following steps to upload a photo:\\nClick \\nClick an image file you want to upload.\\nClick \\nClick when you have uploaded all the photos you want to add.\"}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Select your working hours and click Submit.\", \"描述\": \"Use the drop-down menu to select your working hours. Then click when you are finished.\"}, {\"编号\": 15, \"标题\": \"Click Verify Now.\", \"描述\": \"You need to verify your business before it appears on Bing. If you are using the website on a desktop computer, the only option is to have a PIN mailed to you on a post card. You will use that PIN to verify your business. This will take about 5-6 business days to receive the card by mail. You can also verify your business using the mobile app. This takes about 2-3 business days.\"}, {\"编号\": 16, \"标题\": \"Verify your business by post card.\", \"描述\": \"This takes about 5-6 business days. If you choose this option, you will not be able to verify your business using the mobile app. Use the following steps to verify your business by a post card in the mail:\\nClick .\\nWait for the post card to arrive in the mail.\\nGo to https://www.bingplaces.com/DashBoard/Home/ in a web browser.\\nEnter the PIN next to where it says \\\"Enter postal PIN here.\\\"\\nClick .\"}, {\"编号\": 17, \"标题\": \"Verify your buisness using the mobile app.\", \"描述\": \"The Bing Places for Businesses app is available for free from the Google Play Store on Android phones and tablets or the App Store on iPhone and iPad. This options takes 1-3 business days to verify your business. Use the following steps to verify your business using the mobile app:\\nDownload the app from the Google Play Store or App Store.\\nClick in your web browser.\\nOpen the app on your smartphone or tablet.\\nClick below \\\"Complete Verification.\\\"\\nClick below \\\"Phone verification\\\" or \\\"SMS/Text verification.\\\"\\nRetrieve the PIN from the phone call or text messages.\\nEnter the PIN and click .\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adding a Chain Business or Agency\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit https://www.bingplaces.com/ in a web browser.\", \"描述\": \"This is the website you use to add and claim your business on Bing Maps.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sign in to your account.\", \"描述\": \"You can sign in using a Google account, Facebook account, Microsoft account, or work account. Use the following steps to sign in:\\nClick in the upper-right corner.\\nClick which method you want to use to sign in (Google, Facebook, Microsoft, work) in the menu to the right.\\nSelect your account, or enter the email address and password associated with your account and sign in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Click Claim or add your business manually.\", \"描述\": \"It's the green button in the box on the right. This displays a form that you need to fill out to add or claim your business.\\nAlternatively, if you have a Google My Business account, click the button that says in the box on the left. Then sign in with the Google account associated with your My Business account. This will take less time and you will get instant verification.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Select \\\"Chain Business (More than 10 locations)\\\" in the drop-down menu at the top.\", \"描述\": \"It's the second option in the drop-down menu below \\\"What is your business type.\\\" This opens a form for you to fill out.\\nIf you are an agency that manages listings on behalf of clients, select \\\"I manage listings on my cient's behalf\\\" in drop-down below \\\"What is your business type.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enter your chain name, website, and number of locations and click Next.\", \"描述\": \"Enter the name of your business chain in the first box. Then enter your business website in the second bar. Enter the number of locations your chain has in the third box. Click at the bottom when you are ready to continue.\\nIf you are an agency that manages business listings on behalf of your clients, fill out the form. You will need to enter your agency name and website. Then enter your contact details, and the address of your head office. Click when you are ready to continue.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Enter your corporate address and phone number and click Next.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to enter the address of your corporate office. Use the last bar to enter a valid contact number. Click when you are ready continue.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Click Submit.\", \"描述\": \"This sends your information off to Microsoft. Microsoft will contact you to confirm your business information. Once they contact you and verify your business information, they will provide you with a spreadsheet template you can use to fill out your business location details. They will give you instructions on how to fill out the spreadsheet and upload it to Bing Places.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Search for you business first to avoid creating duplicate business listings for your business.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,210 | How to Add or Subtract Vectors | 1. Adding and Subtracting Vectors With Known Components
1-1. Express a vector in terms of components in some coordinate system usually x, y, and possibly z in usual 2 or 3 dimensional space (higher dimensionality is possible too in some mathematical situations).
These component parts are usually expressed with a notation similar to that used to describe points in a coordinate system (e.g. <x,y,z>, etc.). If these pieces are known, adding or subtracting vectors is just a simple adding or subtracting the x, y, and z components.
Note that vectors can be 1, 2, or 3-dimensional. Thus, vectors can have an x component, an x and y component, or an x, y, and z component.
Let's say that we have two 3-dimensional vectors, vector A and vector B. We might write these vectors in components as A = <Ax,Ay,Az > and B = <Bx,By,Bz>, using x y z components accordingly.
1-2. To add two vectors, we simply add their components.
In other words, add the x component of the first vector to the x component of the second and so on for y and z. The answers you get from adding the x, y, and z components of your original vectors are the x, y, and z components of your new vector.
In general terms, = <Ax+Bx,Ay+By,Az+Bz>.
Let's add two vectors A and B. Example: A = <5, 9, -10> and B = <17, -3, -2>. A + B = <5+17, 9+-3, -10+-2>, or .
1-3. To subtract two vectors, subtract their components.
Note that subtracting one vector from another A-B can be thought of adding the "reverse" of that second A+(-B).
In general terms, = <Ax-Bx,Ay-By,Az-Bz>
Let's subtract two vectors A and B. A = <18, 5, 3> and B = <10, 9, -10>. A - B = <18-10, 5-9, 3-(-10)>, or .
2. Adding and Subtracting Visually Using the Head to Tail Method
2-1. Represent vectors visually by drawing them with a head and tail.
Since vectors have magnitude and direction, they are likened to arrows with a tail and a head and a length. Vectors can be said to have a "beginning point" and an "end point". The "sharp point" of the arrow is the vector's head and the "base" of the arrow is the tail.
When making a scale drawing of a vector, you must take care to measure and draw all angles accurately. Mis-drawn angles will lead to poor answers.
2-2. To add 2 vectors, draw the second vector B so that its tail meets the head of the first A.
This is referred to as joining your vectors "head to tail". If you are only adding two vectors, this is all you'll need to do before finding your resultant vector A+B. Vector B may need to be slid into position without altering its orientation, called parallel transport.
Note that the order you join the vectors in is not important. Vector A + Vector B = Vector B + Vector A
2-3. To subtract, add the "negative" of the vector.
Subtracting vectors visually is fairly simple. Simply reverse the vector's direction but keep its magnitude the same and add it to your vector head to tail as you would normally. In other words, to subtract a vector, turn the vector 180 around and add it.
2-4. If adding or subtracting more than two vectors, join all other vectors head-to-tail in sequence.
Actually the order in which you join the vectors does not matter. This method can be used for any number of vectors.
2-5. To get the result:
Draw a new vector from tail of the first vector to the head of the last. Whether you are adding/subtracting two vectors or a hundred, the vector stretching from the original starting point (the tail of your first vector) to end point of your final added vector (the head of your last vector) is the resultant vector, or the sum of all your vectors. Note that this vector is identical to the vector obtained by adding the x,y, and perhaps z components of all the vectors separately.
If you drew all of your vectors to scale, measuring all angles exactly, you can find the magnitude of the resultant vector by measuring its length. You can also measure the angle that the resultant makes with either a specified vector or the horizontal/vertical etc. to find its direction.
If you didn't draw all vectors to scale, you probably need to calculate the magnitude of the resultant using trigonometry. You may find the Sine Rule and the Cosine Rule helpful here. If you are adding more than two vectors together, it is helpful to first add two, then add their resultant with the third vector, and so on. See the following section for more information.
2-6. Represent your resultant vector via its magnitude and direction.
Vectors are defined by their length and direction. As noted above, assuming you drew your vectors accurately, your new vector's magnitude is its length and its direction is its angle relative to the vertical, horizontal, etc. Use the units of your added or subtracted vectors to choose the units for your resultant vector's magnitude.
For example, if the vectors we added represented velocities in ms, we might define our resultant vector as .
3. Adding and Subtracting Vectors by Finding Components
3-1. Use trigonometry to find a vector's components.
To find a vector's components, it's usually necessary to know its magnitude and its direction relative to the horizontal or vertical and to have a working knowledge of trigonometry. Taking a 2-D vector first: set or imagine your vector as the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose other two sides are parallel to the x and y axes. These two sides can be thought of as head-to-tail component vectors that add to create your original vector.
The lengths of the two sides are equal to the magnitudes of the x and y components of your vector and may be calculated using trigonometry. If x is the magnitude of the vector, the side adjacent to the vector's angle (relative to the horizontal, vertical, etc.) angle is , while the side opposite is .
It's also important to note the direction of your components. If the component points in the negative direction of one of your axes, it is given a negative sign. For example, in a 2-D plane, if a component points to the left or downwards, it is given a negative sign.
For example, let's say that we have a vector with a magnitude of 3 and a direction of 135 relative to the horizontal. With this information, we can determine that its x component is 3cos(135) = and its y component is 3sin(135) =
3-2. Add or subtract two or more vectors' corresponding components.
When you've found the components of all of your vectors, simply add their magnitudes together to find the components of your resultant vector. First, add all the magnitudes of the horizontal components (those parallel to the x-axis) together. Separately, add all the magnitudes of the vertical components (those parallel to the y-axis). If a component has a negative sign (-), its magnitude is subtracted, rather than added. The answers you obtain are the components of your resultant vector.
For instance, let's say that our vector from the previous step, <-2.12, 2.12>, is being added to the vector <5.78, -9>. In this case, our resultant vector would be <-2.12+5.78, 2.12-9>, or .
3-3. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector using the Pythagorean Theorem.
The Pythagorean Theorem, c=a+b, solves for the side lengths of right triangles. Since the triangle formed by our resultant vector and its components is a right triangle, we can use it to find our vector's length and therefore its magnitude. With c as the magnitude of the resultant vector, which you're solving for, set a as the magnitude of its x component and b as the magnitude of its y components. Solve with algebra.
To find the magnitude of the vector whose components we found in the previous step, <3.66, -6.88>, let's use the Pythagorean Theorem. Solve as follows:
c=(3.66)+(-6.88)
c=13.40+47.33
c=√60.73 =
3-4. Calculate the direction of the resultant with the tangent function.
Finally, find the resultant vector's direction. Use the formula θ=tan(b/a), where θ is the angle that the resultant makes with the x-axis or the horizontal, b is the magnitude of the y component, and a is the magnitude of the x component.
To find the direction of our example vector, let's use θ=tan(b/a).
θ=tan(-6.88/3.66)
θ=tan(-1.88)
θ=-61.99
3-5. Represent your resultant vector via its magnitude and direction.
As noted above, vectors are defined by their magnitude and direction. Be sure to use the proper units for your vector's magnitude.
For example, if our example vector represented a force (in Newtons), then we might write it as .
Tips
Column vectors can be added or subtracted by simply adding or subtracting the values in each row.
Vectors represented in the form xi + yj + zk can be added or subtracted by simply adding or subtracting to coefficients of the three unit vectors. The answer will also be in i,j,k form.
Vectors are not to be confused with magnitudes.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adding and Subtracting Vectors With Known Components\\n1-1. Express a vector in terms of components in some coordinate system usually x, y, and possibly z in usual 2 or 3 dimensional space (higher dimensionality is possible too in some mathematical situations).\\nThese component parts are usually expressed with a notation similar to that used to describe points in a coordinate system (e.g. <x,y,z>, etc.). If these pieces are known, adding or subtracting vectors is just a simple adding or subtracting the x, y, and z components.\\nNote that vectors can be 1, 2, or 3-dimensional. Thus, vectors can have an x component, an x and y component, or an x, y, and z component.\\nLet's say that we have two 3-dimensional vectors, vector A and vector B. We might write these vectors in components as A = <Ax,Ay,Az > and B = <Bx,By,Bz>, using x y z components accordingly.\\n1-2. To add two vectors, we simply add their components.\\nIn other words, add the x component of the first vector to the x component of the second and so on for y and z. The answers you get from adding the x, y, and z components of your original vectors are the x, y, and z components of your new vector.\\nIn general terms, = <Ax+Bx,Ay+By,Az+Bz>.\\nLet's add two vectors A and B. Example: A = <5, 9, -10> and B = <17, -3, -2>. A + B = <5+17, 9+-3, -10+-2>, or .\\n1-3. To subtract two vectors, subtract their components.\\nNote that subtracting one vector from another A-B can be thought of adding the \\\"reverse\\\" of that second A+(-B).\\nIn general terms, = <Ax-Bx,Ay-By,Az-Bz>\\nLet's subtract two vectors A and B. A = <18, 5, 3> and B = <10, 9, -10>. A - B = <18-10, 5-9, 3-(-10)>, or .\\n2. Adding and Subtracting Visually Using the Head to Tail Method\\n2-1. Represent vectors visually by drawing them with a head and tail.\\nSince vectors have magnitude and direction, they are likened to arrows with a tail and a head and a length. Vectors can be said to have a \\\"beginning point\\\" and an \\\"end point\\\". The \\\"sharp point\\\" of the arrow is the vector's head and the \\\"base\\\" of the arrow is the tail.\\nWhen making a scale drawing of a vector, you must take care to measure and draw all angles accurately. Mis-drawn angles will lead to poor answers.\\n2-2. To add 2 vectors, draw the second vector B so that its tail meets the head of the first A.\\nThis is referred to as joining your vectors \\\"head to tail\\\". If you are only adding two vectors, this is all you'll need to do before finding your resultant vector A+B. Vector B may need to be slid into position without altering its orientation, called parallel transport.\\nNote that the order you join the vectors in is not important. Vector A + Vector B = Vector B + Vector A\\n2-3. To subtract, add the \\\"negative\\\" of the vector.\\nSubtracting vectors visually is fairly simple. Simply reverse the vector's direction but keep its magnitude the same and add it to your vector head to tail as you would normally. In other words, to subtract a vector, turn the vector 180 around and add it.\\n2-4. If adding or subtracting more than two vectors, join all other vectors head-to-tail in sequence.\\nActually the order in which you join the vectors does not matter. This method can be used for any number of vectors.\\n2-5. To get the result:\\nDraw a new vector from tail of the first vector to the head of the last. Whether you are adding/subtracting two vectors or a hundred, the vector stretching from the original starting point (the tail of your first vector) to end point of your final added vector (the head of your last vector) is the resultant vector, or the sum of all your vectors. Note that this vector is identical to the vector obtained by adding the x,y, and perhaps z components of all the vectors separately.\\nIf you drew all of your vectors to scale, measuring all angles exactly, you can find the magnitude of the resultant vector by measuring its length. You can also measure the angle that the resultant makes with either a specified vector or the horizontal/vertical etc. to find its direction.\\nIf you didn't draw all vectors to scale, you probably need to calculate the magnitude of the resultant using trigonometry. You may find the Sine Rule and the Cosine Rule helpful here. If you are adding more than two vectors together, it is helpful to first add two, then add their resultant with the third vector, and so on. See the following section for more information.\\n2-6. Represent your resultant vector via its magnitude and direction.\\nVectors are defined by their length and direction. As noted above, assuming you drew your vectors accurately, your new vector's magnitude is its length and its direction is its angle relative to the vertical, horizontal, etc. Use the units of your added or subtracted vectors to choose the units for your resultant vector's magnitude.\\nFor example, if the vectors we added represented velocities in ms, we might define our resultant vector as .\\n3. Adding and Subtracting Vectors by Finding Components\\n3-1. Use trigonometry to find a vector's components.\\nTo find a vector's components, it's usually necessary to know its magnitude and its direction relative to the horizontal or vertical and to have a working knowledge of trigonometry. Taking a 2-D vector first: set or imagine your vector as the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose other two sides are parallel to the x and y axes. These two sides can be thought of as head-to-tail component vectors that add to create your original vector.\\nThe lengths of the two sides are equal to the magnitudes of the x and y components of your vector and may be calculated using trigonometry. If x is the magnitude of the vector, the side adjacent to the vector's angle (relative to the horizontal, vertical, etc.) angle is , while the side opposite is .\\nIt's also important to note the direction of your components. If the component points in the negative direction of one of your axes, it is given a negative sign. For example, in a 2-D plane, if a component points to the left or downwards, it is given a negative sign.\\nFor example, let's say that we have a vector with a magnitude of 3 and a direction of 135 relative to the horizontal. With this information, we can determine that its x component is 3cos(135) = and its y component is 3sin(135) =\\n3-2. Add or subtract two or more vectors' corresponding components.\\nWhen you've found the components of all of your vectors, simply add their magnitudes together to find the components of your resultant vector. First, add all the magnitudes of the horizontal components (those parallel to the x-axis) together. Separately, add all the magnitudes of the vertical components (those parallel to the y-axis). If a component has a negative sign (-), its magnitude is subtracted, rather than added. The answers you obtain are the components of your resultant vector.\\nFor instance, let's say that our vector from the previous step, <-2.12, 2.12>, is being added to the vector <5.78, -9>. In this case, our resultant vector would be <-2.12+5.78, 2.12-9>, or .\\n3-3. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector using the Pythagorean Theorem.\\nThe Pythagorean Theorem, c=a+b, solves for the side lengths of right triangles. Since the triangle formed by our resultant vector and its components is a right triangle, we can use it to find our vector's length and therefore its magnitude. With c as the magnitude of the resultant vector, which you're solving for, set a as the magnitude of its x component and b as the magnitude of its y components. Solve with algebra.\\nTo find the magnitude of the vector whose components we found in the previous step, <3.66, -6.88>, let's use the Pythagorean Theorem. Solve as follows:\\nc=(3.66)+(-6.88)\\nc=13.40+47.33\\nc=√60.73 =\\n3-4. Calculate the direction of the resultant with the tangent function.\\nFinally, find the resultant vector's direction. Use the formula θ=tan(b/a), where θ is the angle that the resultant makes with the x-axis or the horizontal, b is the magnitude of the y component, and a is the magnitude of the x component.\\nTo find the direction of our example vector, let's use θ=tan(b/a).\\nθ=tan(-6.88/3.66)\\nθ=tan(-1.88)\\nθ=-61.99\\n3-5. Represent your resultant vector via its magnitude and direction.\\nAs noted above, vectors are defined by their magnitude and direction. Be sure to use the proper units for your vector's magnitude.\\nFor example, if our example vector represented a force (in Newtons), then we might write it as .\\nTips\\nColumn vectors can be added or subtracted by simply adding or subtracting the values in each row.\\nVectors represented in the form xi + yj + zk can be added or subtracted by simply adding or subtracting to coefficients of the three unit vectors. The answer will also be in i,j,k form.\\nVectors are not to be confused with magnitudes.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Many common physical quantities are often vectors or scalars. Vectors are akin to arrows and consist of a positive magnitude (length) and importantly a direction. on the other hand scalars are just numerical values sometimes possibly negative. Note that although vector magnitudes are positive or perhaps zero the components of vectors can of course be negative indicating vector directed contrary to the coordinate or reference direction.\\nExamples of vectors: force, velocity, acceleration, displacement, weight, magnetic field, etc.\\nExamples of scalars: mass, temperature, speed, distance, energy, voltage, electric charge, pressure within a fluid, etc.\\nWhile scalars can be added directly like numbers (e.g. 5 kJ of work plus 6kJ equals 11kJ ; or 9 volt plus minus 3 volt gives 6 volt: +9v plus -3v gives +6v ), vectors are slightly more complicated to add or subtract, although collinear vectors are easy and behave like adding numbers which may be negative. See below several ways to tackle vector addition and subtraction.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adding and Subtracting Vectors With Known Components\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Express a vector in terms of components in some coordinate system usually x, y, and possibly z in usual 2 or 3 dimensional space (higher dimensionality is possible too in some mathematical situations).\", \"描述\": \"These component parts are usually expressed with a notation similar to that used to describe points in a coordinate system (e.g. <x,y,z>, etc.). If these pieces are known, adding or subtracting vectors is just a simple adding or subtracting the x, y, and z components.\\nNote that vectors can be 1, 2, or 3-dimensional. Thus, vectors can have an x component, an x and y component, or an x, y, and z component.\\nLet's say that we have two 3-dimensional vectors, vector A and vector B. We might write these vectors in components as A = <Ax,Ay,Az > and B = <Bx,By,Bz>, using x y z components accordingly.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"To add two vectors, we simply add their components.\", \"描述\": \"In other words, add the x component of the first vector to the x component of the second and so on for y and z. The answers you get from adding the x, y, and z components of your original vectors are the x, y, and z components of your new vector.\\nIn general terms, = <Ax+Bx,Ay+By,Az+Bz>.\\nLet's add two vectors A and B. Example: A = <5, 9, -10> and B = <17, -3, -2>. A + B = <5+17, 9+-3, -10+-2>, or .\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"To subtract two vectors, subtract their components.\", \"描述\": \"Note that subtracting one vector from another A-B can be thought of adding the \\\"reverse\\\" of that second A+(-B).\\nIn general terms, = <Ax-Bx,Ay-By,Az-Bz>\\nLet's subtract two vectors A and B. A = <18, 5, 3> and B = <10, 9, -10>. A - B = <18-10, 5-9, 3-(-10)>, or .\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adding and Subtracting Visually Using the Head to Tail Method\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Represent vectors visually by drawing them with a head and tail.\", \"描述\": \"Since vectors have magnitude and direction, they are likened to arrows with a tail and a head and a length. Vectors can be said to have a \\\"beginning point\\\" and an \\\"end point\\\". The \\\"sharp point\\\" of the arrow is the vector's head and the \\\"base\\\" of the arrow is the tail.\\nWhen making a scale drawing of a vector, you must take care to measure and draw all angles accurately. Mis-drawn angles will lead to poor answers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"To add 2 vectors, draw the second vector B so that its tail meets the head of the first A.\", \"描述\": \"This is referred to as joining your vectors \\\"head to tail\\\". If you are only adding two vectors, this is all you'll need to do before finding your resultant vector A+B. Vector B may need to be slid into position without altering its orientation, called parallel transport.\\nNote that the order you join the vectors in is not important. Vector A + Vector B = Vector B + Vector A\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"To subtract, add the \\\"negative\\\" of the vector.\", \"描述\": \"Subtracting vectors visually is fairly simple. Simply reverse the vector's direction but keep its magnitude the same and add it to your vector head to tail as you would normally. In other words, to subtract a vector, turn the vector 180 around and add it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"If adding or subtracting more than two vectors, join all other vectors head-to-tail in sequence.\", \"描述\": \"Actually the order in which you join the vectors does not matter. This method can be used for any number of vectors.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"To get the result:\", \"描述\": \"Draw a new vector from tail of the first vector to the head of the last. Whether you are adding/subtracting two vectors or a hundred, the vector stretching from the original starting point (the tail of your first vector) to end point of your final added vector (the head of your last vector) is the resultant vector, or the sum of all your vectors. Note that this vector is identical to the vector obtained by adding the x,y, and perhaps z components of all the vectors separately.\\nIf you drew all of your vectors to scale, measuring all angles exactly, you can find the magnitude of the resultant vector by measuring its length. You can also measure the angle that the resultant makes with either a specified vector or the horizontal/vertical etc. to find its direction.\\nIf you didn't draw all vectors to scale, you probably need to calculate the magnitude of the resultant using trigonometry. You may find the Sine Rule and the Cosine Rule helpful here. If you are adding more than two vectors together, it is helpful to first add two, then add their resultant with the third vector, and so on. See the following section for more information.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Represent your resultant vector via its magnitude and direction.\", \"描述\": \"Vectors are defined by their length and direction. As noted above, assuming you drew your vectors accurately, your new vector's magnitude is its length and its direction is its angle relative to the vertical, horizontal, etc. Use the units of your added or subtracted vectors to choose the units for your resultant vector's magnitude.\\nFor example, if the vectors we added represented velocities in ms, we might define our resultant vector as .\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adding and Subtracting Vectors by Finding Components\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use trigonometry to find a vector's components.\", \"描述\": \"To find a vector's components, it's usually necessary to know its magnitude and its direction relative to the horizontal or vertical and to have a working knowledge of trigonometry. Taking a 2-D vector first: set or imagine your vector as the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose other two sides are parallel to the x and y axes. These two sides can be thought of as head-to-tail component vectors that add to create your original vector.\\nThe lengths of the two sides are equal to the magnitudes of the x and y components of your vector and may be calculated using trigonometry. If x is the magnitude of the vector, the side adjacent to the vector's angle (relative to the horizontal, vertical, etc.) angle is , while the side opposite is .\\nIt's also important to note the direction of your components. If the component points in the negative direction of one of your axes, it is given a negative sign. For example, in a 2-D plane, if a component points to the left or downwards, it is given a negative sign.\\nFor example, let's say that we have a vector with a magnitude of 3 and a direction of 135 relative to the horizontal. With this information, we can determine that its x component is 3cos(135) = and its y component is 3sin(135) =\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add or subtract two or more vectors' corresponding components.\", \"描述\": \"When you've found the components of all of your vectors, simply add their magnitudes together to find the components of your resultant vector. First, add all the magnitudes of the horizontal components (those parallel to the x-axis) together. Separately, add all the magnitudes of the vertical components (those parallel to the y-axis). If a component has a negative sign (-), its magnitude is subtracted, rather than added. The answers you obtain are the components of your resultant vector.\\nFor instance, let's say that our vector from the previous step, <-2.12, 2.12>, is being added to the vector <5.78, -9>. In this case, our resultant vector would be <-2.12+5.78, 2.12-9>, or .\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector using the Pythagorean Theorem.\", \"描述\": \"The Pythagorean Theorem, c=a+b, solves for the side lengths of right triangles. Since the triangle formed by our resultant vector and its components is a right triangle, we can use it to find our vector's length and therefore its magnitude. With c as the magnitude of the resultant vector, which you're solving for, set a as the magnitude of its x component and b as the magnitude of its y components. Solve with algebra.\\nTo find the magnitude of the vector whose components we found in the previous step, <3.66, -6.88>, let's use the Pythagorean Theorem. Solve as follows:\\nc=(3.66)+(-6.88)\\nc=13.40+47.33\\nc=√60.73 =\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Calculate the direction of the resultant with the tangent function.\", \"描述\": \"Finally, find the resultant vector's direction. Use the formula θ=tan(b/a), where θ is the angle that the resultant makes with the x-axis or the horizontal, b is the magnitude of the y component, and a is the magnitude of the x component.\\nTo find the direction of our example vector, let's use θ=tan(b/a).\\nθ=tan(-6.88/3.66)\\nθ=tan(-1.88)\\nθ=-61.99\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Represent your resultant vector via its magnitude and direction.\", \"描述\": \"As noted above, vectors are defined by their magnitude and direction. Be sure to use the proper units for your vector's magnitude.\\nFor example, if our example vector represented a force (in Newtons), then we might write it as .\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Column vectors can be added or subtracted by simply adding or subtracting the values in each row.\\n\", \"Vectors represented in the form xi + yj + zk can be added or subtracted by simply adding or subtracting to coefficients of the three unit vectors. The answer will also be in i,j,k form.\\n\", \"Vectors are not to be confused with magnitudes.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,211 | How to Add the Flashlight to Your Lock Screen | 1. Android
1-1. Open Settings.
You can tap the gear icon in the Quick Settings panel when you swipe down from the top of your screen or find the gear app icon in the app drawer.
1-2. Tap Lock screen.
For Samsung Galaxy users, this is usually in the fourth grouping of menu items under Display, but this can differ depending on the manufacturer of your phone. If you're using a Google Pixel, this might be in the first grouping.
1-3. Tap Shortcuts.
Scroll down the Lock Screen settings and you'll find this menu option. If the switch is grey, it's off, and you'll need to tap to turn it on (it'll turn blue to indicate that it's on) to set shortcuts.
1-4. Tap either Left shortcut or Right Shortcut.
Again, if the switch is grey, it's off, and you'll need to tap to turn it on (it'll turn blue to indicate that it's on) to set shortcuts. When you have the switch enabled, you'll see a list of apps that you can set to that shortcut.
1-5. Tap Flashlight.
This is usually in the "No unlock needed" section. The next time you tap or double-tap your phone to see the lock screen, the flashlight icon will appear near the bottom of your screen.
To use the flashlight, tap the icon to turn it on and off.
If you have an Android that doesn't offer shortcuts, you'll be able to access the flashlight in the Quick Settings panel when you swipe down from the top of your screen.
Motorola phones can turn on their flashlight by shaking their phones and people with OnePlus phones can draw a "V" on their phone's screen if it's set up in .
2. iPhone and iPad
2-1. Raise or tap your phone or tablet to see the lock screen.
Many iPhones and iPads, like the iPhone 11, don't have a Home button that you can use to access the flashlight, but you do have the flashlight icon on the lock screen.
If your iPhone has a Home button, the flashlight will not be an icon on your lock screen. Instead, you'll need to access the Control Center and use the flashlight icon there. Or you can ask Siri.
2-2. Press the flashlight icon.
It should be in the lower-left corner of your screen and will turn on the LED light next to your camera that's on the back of your phone or tablet.
2-3. Press the flashlight icon again to turn it off.
You can repeat this process as much as you need to.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Android\\n1-1. Open Settings.\\nYou can tap the gear icon in the Quick Settings panel when you swipe down from the top of your screen or find the gear app icon in the app drawer.\\n1-2. Tap Lock screen.\\nFor Samsung Galaxy users, this is usually in the fourth grouping of menu items under Display, but this can differ depending on the manufacturer of your phone. If you're using a Google Pixel, this might be in the first grouping.\\n1-3. Tap Shortcuts.\\nScroll down the Lock Screen settings and you'll find this menu option. If the switch is grey, it's off, and you'll need to tap to turn it on (it'll turn blue to indicate that it's on) to set shortcuts.\\n1-4. Tap either Left shortcut or Right Shortcut.\\nAgain, if the switch is grey, it's off, and you'll need to tap to turn it on (it'll turn blue to indicate that it's on) to set shortcuts. When you have the switch enabled, you'll see a list of apps that you can set to that shortcut.\\n1-5. Tap Flashlight.\\nThis is usually in the \\\"No unlock needed\\\" section. The next time you tap or double-tap your phone to see the lock screen, the flashlight icon will appear near the bottom of your screen.\\nTo use the flashlight, tap the icon to turn it on and off.\\nIf you have an Android that doesn't offer shortcuts, you'll be able to access the flashlight in the Quick Settings panel when you swipe down from the top of your screen.\\nMotorola phones can turn on their flashlight by shaking their phones and people with OnePlus phones can draw a \\\"V\\\" on their phone's screen if it's set up in .\\n2. iPhone and iPad\\n2-1. Raise or tap your phone or tablet to see the lock screen.\\nMany iPhones and iPads, like the iPhone 11, don't have a Home button that you can use to access the flashlight, but you do have the flashlight icon on the lock screen.\\nIf your iPhone has a Home button, the flashlight will not be an icon on your lock screen. Instead, you'll need to access the Control Center and use the flashlight icon there. Or you can ask Siri.\\n2-2. Press the flashlight icon.\\nIt should be in the lower-left corner of your screen and will turn on the LED light next to your camera that's on the back of your phone or tablet.\\n2-3. Press the flashlight icon again to turn it off.\\nYou can repeat this process as much as you need to.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"This wikiHow will teach you how to add the flashlight to your lock screen on an Android as well as how to turn off and on the flashlight from the lock screen on an iPhone. iPhones that don't have a Home button but have a Raise to Wake option or tap the screen to see the lock screen feature usually have a flashlight icon near the bottom of the screen. If you have a Samsung Galaxy, navigate through the Settings to set one of the shortcuts to the flashlight. And if you have an Android that's not a Samsung, you can access the flashlight through the Quick Settings panel.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Android\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open Settings.\", \"描述\": \"You can tap the gear icon in the Quick Settings panel when you swipe down from the top of your screen or find the gear app icon in the app drawer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tap Lock screen.\", \"描述\": \"For Samsung Galaxy users, this is usually in the fourth grouping of menu items under Display, but this can differ depending on the manufacturer of your phone. If you're using a Google Pixel, this might be in the first grouping.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tap Shortcuts.\", \"描述\": \"Scroll down the Lock Screen settings and you'll find this menu option. If the switch is grey, it's off, and you'll need to tap to turn it on (it'll turn blue to indicate that it's on) to set shortcuts.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap either Left shortcut or Right Shortcut.\", \"描述\": \"Again, if the switch is grey, it's off, and you'll need to tap to turn it on (it'll turn blue to indicate that it's on) to set shortcuts. When you have the switch enabled, you'll see a list of apps that you can set to that shortcut.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Tap Flashlight.\", \"描述\": \"This is usually in the \\\"No unlock needed\\\" section. The next time you tap or double-tap your phone to see the lock screen, the flashlight icon will appear near the bottom of your screen.\\nTo use the flashlight, tap the icon to turn it on and off.\\nIf you have an Android that doesn't offer shortcuts, you'll be able to access the flashlight in the Quick Settings panel when you swipe down from the top of your screen.\\nMotorola phones can turn on their flashlight by shaking their phones and people with OnePlus phones can draw a \\\"V\\\" on their phone's screen if it's set up in .\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"iPhone and iPad\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Raise or tap your phone or tablet to see the lock screen.\", \"描述\": \"Many iPhones and iPads, like the iPhone 11, don't have a Home button that you can use to access the flashlight, but you do have the flashlight icon on the lock screen.\\nIf your iPhone has a Home button, the flashlight will not be an icon on your lock screen. Instead, you'll need to access the Control Center and use the flashlight icon there. Or you can ask Siri.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Press the flashlight icon.\", \"描述\": \"It should be in the lower-left corner of your screen and will turn on the LED light next to your camera that's on the back of your phone or tablet.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Press the flashlight icon again to turn it off.\", \"描述\": \"You can repeat this process as much as you need to.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,212 | How to Add the Same Value to Multiple Cells in Excel | 1. Copying and Pasting to One or More Ranges (Desktop)
1-1. Type the value into an empty cell.
For example, if you want the word "wikiHow" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into any empty cell now. Use this method if you want the same value to appear in an entire range.
1-2. Right-click the cell containing the value and select Copy.
This copies the value to your clipboard.
1-3. Select the range of cells in which you want to paste the value.
To do this, click and drag the mouse over every cell where the value should appear. This highlights the range.
The range you select doesn't have to be continuous. If you want to select cells and/or ranges that aren't connected, hold down the key (PC) or key (Mac) as you highlight each range.
1-4. Right-click the highlighted range and click Paste.
Every cell in the selected range now contains the same value.
2. Copying and Pasting to One or More Ranges (Mobile)
2-1. Type the value into an empty cell.
For example, if you want the word "wikiHow" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.
2-2. Tap the cell once to select it.
This highlights the cell.
2-3. Tap the highlighted cell once more.
This opens the Edit menu.
2-4. Tap Copy on the menu.
Now that the value is copied to your clipboard, you'll be able to paste it into a series of other cells.
2-5. Select the range of cells in which you want the selected value to appear.
To do so, tap the first cell where you want the copied value to appear, and then drag the dot at its bottom-right corner to select the entire range.
There is no way to select multiple non-touching ranges at once. If you need to copy the value into another non-adjacent range, repeat this step and the next step for the next range after pasting into this one.
2-6. Tap the selected range and tap Paste.
This copies the selected value into every cell in the range.
3. Filling a Continuous Column or Row (Desktop)
3-1. Type the value into an empty cell.
For example, if you want the word "wikiHow" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.
3-2. Hover the mouse cursor over the bottom-right corner of the cell.
The cursor will turn to crosshairs (+).
3-3. Click and drag down the column or across the row to fill all cells.
As long as Excel does not detect a pattern, all selected cells will be filled with the same value.
If the filled cells show up as a pattern, such as a series of increasing numbers, click the icon with a plus sign at the bottom of the selected cells, then select .
4. Filling a Continuous Column or Row (Mobile)
4-1. Type the value into an empty cell.
For example, if you want the word "wikiHow" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.
4-2. Tap the cell once to select it.
This highlights the cell.
4-3. Tap the highlighted cell once more.
This opens the Edit menu.
4-4. Tap Fill on the menu.
You will then see some arrow icons.
4-5. Tap and drag the Fill arrow across the cells you want to fill.
If you want to fill a row, tap the arrow pointing to the right and drag it until you're finished filling all of the cells. If you're filling a column, tap the arrow pointing downward, and then drag it down to fill the desired amount of cells.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Copying and Pasting to One or More Ranges (Desktop)\\n1-1. Type the value into an empty cell.\\nFor example, if you want the word \\\"wikiHow\\\" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into any empty cell now. Use this method if you want the same value to appear in an entire range.\\n1-2. Right-click the cell containing the value and select Copy.\\nThis copies the value to your clipboard.\\n1-3. Select the range of cells in which you want to paste the value.\\nTo do this, click and drag the mouse over every cell where the value should appear. This highlights the range.\\nThe range you select doesn't have to be continuous. If you want to select cells and/or ranges that aren't connected, hold down the key (PC) or key (Mac) as you highlight each range.\\n1-4. Right-click the highlighted range and click Paste.\\nEvery cell in the selected range now contains the same value.\\n2. Copying and Pasting to One or More Ranges (Mobile)\\n2-1. Type the value into an empty cell.\\nFor example, if you want the word \\\"wikiHow\\\" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.\\n2-2. Tap the cell once to select it.\\nThis highlights the cell.\\n2-3. Tap the highlighted cell once more.\\nThis opens the Edit menu.\\n2-4. Tap Copy on the menu.\\nNow that the value is copied to your clipboard, you'll be able to paste it into a series of other cells.\\n2-5. Select the range of cells in which you want the selected value to appear.\\nTo do so, tap the first cell where you want the copied value to appear, and then drag the dot at its bottom-right corner to select the entire range.\\nThere is no way to select multiple non-touching ranges at once. If you need to copy the value into another non-adjacent range, repeat this step and the next step for the next range after pasting into this one.\\n2-6. Tap the selected range and tap Paste.\\nThis copies the selected value into every cell in the range.\\n3. Filling a Continuous Column or Row (Desktop)\\n3-1. Type the value into an empty cell.\\nFor example, if you want the word \\\"wikiHow\\\" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.\\n3-2. Hover the mouse cursor over the bottom-right corner of the cell.\\nThe cursor will turn to crosshairs (+).\\n3-3. Click and drag down the column or across the row to fill all cells.\\nAs long as Excel does not detect a pattern, all selected cells will be filled with the same value.\\nIf the filled cells show up as a pattern, such as a series of increasing numbers, click the icon with a plus sign at the bottom of the selected cells, then select .\\n4. Filling a Continuous Column or Row (Mobile)\\n4-1. Type the value into an empty cell.\\nFor example, if you want the word \\\"wikiHow\\\" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.\\n4-2. Tap the cell once to select it.\\nThis highlights the cell.\\n4-3. Tap the highlighted cell once more.\\nThis opens the Edit menu.\\n4-4. Tap Fill on the menu.\\nYou will then see some arrow icons.\\n4-5. Tap and drag the Fill arrow across the cells you want to fill.\\nIf you want to fill a row, tap the arrow pointing to the right and drag it until you're finished filling all of the cells. If you're filling a column, tap the arrow pointing downward, and then drag it down to fill the desired amount of cells.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"This wikiHow teaches how to copy one value to an entire range of cells in Microsoft Excel. If the cells you want to copy to are in a single row or column, you can use Excel's Fill feature to fill the row or column with the same value. If you want the value to appear in a wider range of cells, such as multiple contiguous or non-connected (desktop-only) rows and columns, you can easily paste the value into a selected range.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Copying and Pasting to One or More Ranges (Desktop)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Type the value into an empty cell.\", \"描述\": \"For example, if you want the word \\\"wikiHow\\\" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into any empty cell now. Use this method if you want the same value to appear in an entire range.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Right-click the cell containing the value and select Copy.\", \"描述\": \"This copies the value to your clipboard.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Select the range of cells in which you want to paste the value.\", \"描述\": \"To do this, click and drag the mouse over every cell where the value should appear. This highlights the range.\\nThe range you select doesn't have to be continuous. If you want to select cells and/or ranges that aren't connected, hold down the key (PC) or key (Mac) as you highlight each range.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Right-click the highlighted range and click Paste.\", \"描述\": \"Every cell in the selected range now contains the same value.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Copying and Pasting to One or More Ranges (Mobile)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Type the value into an empty cell.\", \"描述\": \"For example, if you want the word \\\"wikiHow\\\" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tap the cell once to select it.\", \"描述\": \"This highlights the cell.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tap the highlighted cell once more.\", \"描述\": \"This opens the Edit menu.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap Copy on the menu.\", \"描述\": \"Now that the value is copied to your clipboard, you'll be able to paste it into a series of other cells.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Select the range of cells in which you want the selected value to appear.\", \"描述\": \"To do so, tap the first cell where you want the copied value to appear, and then drag the dot at its bottom-right corner to select the entire range.\\nThere is no way to select multiple non-touching ranges at once. If you need to copy the value into another non-adjacent range, repeat this step and the next step for the next range after pasting into this one.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Tap the selected range and tap Paste.\", \"描述\": \"This copies the selected value into every cell in the range.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Filling a Continuous Column or Row (Desktop)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Type the value into an empty cell.\", \"描述\": \"For example, if you want the word \\\"wikiHow\\\" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hover the mouse cursor over the bottom-right corner of the cell.\", \"描述\": \"The cursor will turn to crosshairs (+).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Click and drag down the column or across the row to fill all cells.\", \"描述\": \"As long as Excel does not detect a pattern, all selected cells will be filled with the same value.\\nIf the filled cells show up as a pattern, such as a series of increasing numbers, click the icon with a plus sign at the bottom of the selected cells, then select .\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Filling a Continuous Column or Row (Mobile)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Type the value into an empty cell.\", \"描述\": \"For example, if you want the word \\\"wikiHow\\\" to appear in multiple cells, type wikiHow into an empty cell above (if applying to a column) or beside (if applying to a row) the cells you want to fill.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tap the cell once to select it.\", \"描述\": \"This highlights the cell.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tap the highlighted cell once more.\", \"描述\": \"This opens the Edit menu.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap Fill on the menu.\", \"描述\": \"You will then see some arrow icons.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Tap and drag the Fill arrow across the cells you want to fill.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to fill a row, tap the arrow pointing to the right and drag it until you're finished filling all of the cells. If you're filling a column, tap the arrow pointing downward, and then drag it down to fill the desired amount of cells.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,214 | How to Add the Time to a Snapchat | 1. Using Stickers
1-1. Open Snapchat.
It has a yellow icon with an image that resembles a ghost. Tap the Snapchat icon on your Home screen or Apps menu to open Snapchat.
1-2. Select a camera.
You can use either the front-facing "selfie" camera or the rear-facing camera on your phone to take a Snapchat photo or video. To switch between cameras, tap the icon that resembles two arrows drawing a rectangle shape in the upper-right corner.
1-3. Take a photo or video.
To take a photo, tap the capture button. It's the large round button in the bottom-center of the screen. Tap and hold the capture button to shoot a video. Release the video when you are finished recording your video.
To shoot video without holding the capture button, tap and hold the capture button to start shooting video, then drag your thumb over the lock icon that appears to the left of the capture button. Your video will continue shooting for however many remaining seconds are available.
1-4. Tap the sticker icon.
It's the icon that resembles a sheet of paper with the bottom-right corner folded inward. It's in the list of icons on the upper-right side of the screen. Tap this icon to display a list of stickers.
1-5. Tap the time sticker.
The time sticker displays the current time as it would appear on a digital clock. It's the first sticker in the upper-left corner under the star stickers. This adds the time to your photo or video.
If you don't see the Time sticker, tap the star icon in the upper-left corner of the screen.
1-6. Tap and drag the time to wherever you want to place it.
You can place the sticker anywhere on the photo or video you want it to go.
To rotate the sticker, place your thumb and index finger over it and rotate them in the direction you want to rotate the sticker.
To change the size of the sticker, place your thumb and index finger over the sticker and drag them farther apart to enlarge the sticker, or closer together to shrink the sticker.
1-7. Tap Send to.
It's the yellow button in the lower-right corner. This displays a list of friends you can send the photo or video to.
Alternatively, you can tap in the lower-left corner to save the photo or video to your phone.
1-8. Tap a friend you want to send the photo or video to.
This sends the photo or video with the time to your friend.
2. Using Filters
2-1. Open Snapchat.
It has a yellow icon with an image that resembles a ghost. Tap the Snapchat icon on your Home screen or Apps menu to open Snapchat.
2-2. Tap the magnifying glass icon .
It's in the upper-left corner of Snapchat. This displays the search screen.
2-3. Type Time in the search box and tap Go.
This displays a list of a list of search results related to "Time."
2-4. Tap View More below "Lenses."
This displays all lenses (also known as "Filters") related to "time."
2-5. Tap a filter.
This applies the filter to your camera view. This allows you to see how the filter applies the date and time to your photos and videos. Some filters use different fonts and position placements. Try a few different filters to see which one you want to use.
For most filters, you cannot change the position or size of the time. Where it displays on the screen is where it stays
2-6. Take a photo or video.
To take a photo, tap the capture button. . It's the large round button in the bottom-center of the screen. Tap and hold the capture button to shoot a video. Release the video when you are finished recording your video.
To shoot video without holding the capture button, tap and hold the capture button to start shooting video, then drag your thumb over the lock icon that appears to the left of the capture button. Your video will continue shooting for however many remaining seconds are available.
2-7. Tap Send to.
It's the yellow button in the lower-right corner. This displays a list of friends you can send the photo or video.
Alternatively, you can tap in the lower-left corner to save the photo or video to your phone.
2-8. Tap a friend you want to send the photo or video to.
This sends the photo or video with the time to your friend.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Stickers\\n1-1. Open Snapchat.\\nIt has a yellow icon with an image that resembles a ghost. Tap the Snapchat icon on your Home screen or Apps menu to open Snapchat.\\n1-2. Select a camera.\\nYou can use either the front-facing \\\"selfie\\\" camera or the rear-facing camera on your phone to take a Snapchat photo or video. To switch between cameras, tap the icon that resembles two arrows drawing a rectangle shape in the upper-right corner.\\n1-3. Take a photo or video.\\nTo take a photo, tap the capture button. It's the large round button in the bottom-center of the screen. Tap and hold the capture button to shoot a video. Release the video when you are finished recording your video.\\nTo shoot video without holding the capture button, tap and hold the capture button to start shooting video, then drag your thumb over the lock icon that appears to the left of the capture button. Your video will continue shooting for however many remaining seconds are available.\\n1-4. Tap the sticker icon.\\nIt's the icon that resembles a sheet of paper with the bottom-right corner folded inward. It's in the list of icons on the upper-right side of the screen. Tap this icon to display a list of stickers.\\n1-5. Tap the time sticker.\\nThe time sticker displays the current time as it would appear on a digital clock. It's the first sticker in the upper-left corner under the star stickers. This adds the time to your photo or video.\\nIf you don't see the Time sticker, tap the star icon in the upper-left corner of the screen.\\n1-6. Tap and drag the time to wherever you want to place it.\\nYou can place the sticker anywhere on the photo or video you want it to go.\\nTo rotate the sticker, place your thumb and index finger over it and rotate them in the direction you want to rotate the sticker.\\nTo change the size of the sticker, place your thumb and index finger over the sticker and drag them farther apart to enlarge the sticker, or closer together to shrink the sticker.\\n1-7. Tap Send to.\\nIt's the yellow button in the lower-right corner. This displays a list of friends you can send the photo or video to.\\nAlternatively, you can tap in the lower-left corner to save the photo or video to your phone.\\n1-8. Tap a friend you want to send the photo or video to.\\nThis sends the photo or video with the time to your friend.\\n2. Using Filters\\n2-1. Open Snapchat.\\nIt has a yellow icon with an image that resembles a ghost. Tap the Snapchat icon on your Home screen or Apps menu to open Snapchat.\\n2-2. Tap the magnifying glass icon .\\nIt's in the upper-left corner of Snapchat. This displays the search screen.\\n2-3. Type Time in the search box and tap Go.\\nThis displays a list of a list of search results related to \\\"Time.\\\"\\n2-4. Tap View More below \\\"Lenses.\\\"\\nThis displays all lenses (also known as \\\"Filters\\\") related to \\\"time.\\\"\\n2-5. Tap a filter.\\nThis applies the filter to your camera view. This allows you to see how the filter applies the date and time to your photos and videos. Some filters use different fonts and position placements. Try a few different filters to see which one you want to use.\\nFor most filters, you cannot change the position or size of the time. Where it displays on the screen is where it stays\\n2-6. Take a photo or video.\\nTo take a photo, tap the capture button. . It's the large round button in the bottom-center of the screen. Tap and hold the capture button to shoot a video. Release the video when you are finished recording your video.\\nTo shoot video without holding the capture button, tap and hold the capture button to start shooting video, then drag your thumb over the lock icon that appears to the left of the capture button. Your video will continue shooting for however many remaining seconds are available.\\n2-7. Tap Send to.\\nIt's the yellow button in the lower-right corner. This displays a list of friends you can send the photo or video.\\nAlternatively, you can tap in the lower-left corner to save the photo or video to your phone.\\n2-8. Tap a friend you want to send the photo or video to.\\nThis sends the photo or video with the time to your friend.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"This wikiHow teaches how to display the current time to a photo or video snap in Snapchat before sending it to your friends. It used to be that you could only add the time to a photo or video using a filter. While you can still use filters, Snapchat now allows you to add the time to a photo or video using stickers. This allows you to change the size and place it anywhere you want in the photo or video.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Stickers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open Snapchat.\", \"描述\": \"It has a yellow icon with an image that resembles a ghost. Tap the Snapchat icon on your Home screen or Apps menu to open Snapchat.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Select a camera.\", \"描述\": \"You can use either the front-facing \\\"selfie\\\" camera or the rear-facing camera on your phone to take a Snapchat photo or video. To switch between cameras, tap the icon that resembles two arrows drawing a rectangle shape in the upper-right corner.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take a photo or video.\", \"描述\": \"To take a photo, tap the capture button. It's the large round button in the bottom-center of the screen. Tap and hold the capture button to shoot a video. Release the video when you are finished recording your video.\\nTo shoot video without holding the capture button, tap and hold the capture button to start shooting video, then drag your thumb over the lock icon that appears to the left of the capture button. Your video will continue shooting for however many remaining seconds are available.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap the sticker icon.\", \"描述\": \"It's the icon that resembles a sheet of paper with the bottom-right corner folded inward. It's in the list of icons on the upper-right side of the screen. Tap this icon to display a list of stickers.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Tap the time sticker.\", \"描述\": \"The time sticker displays the current time as it would appear on a digital clock. It's the first sticker in the upper-left corner under the star stickers. This adds the time to your photo or video.\\nIf you don't see the Time sticker, tap the star icon in the upper-left corner of the screen.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Tap and drag the time to wherever you want to place it.\", \"描述\": \"You can place the sticker anywhere on the photo or video you want it to go.\\nTo rotate the sticker, place your thumb and index finger over it and rotate them in the direction you want to rotate the sticker.\\nTo change the size of the sticker, place your thumb and index finger over the sticker and drag them farther apart to enlarge the sticker, or closer together to shrink the sticker.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Tap Send to.\", \"描述\": \"It's the yellow button in the lower-right corner. This displays a list of friends you can send the photo or video to.\\nAlternatively, you can tap in the lower-left corner to save the photo or video to your phone.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Tap a friend you want to send the photo or video to.\", \"描述\": \"This sends the photo or video with the time to your friend.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Filters\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open Snapchat.\", \"描述\": \"It has a yellow icon with an image that resembles a ghost. Tap the Snapchat icon on your Home screen or Apps menu to open Snapchat.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tap the magnifying glass icon .\", \"描述\": \"It's in the upper-left corner of Snapchat. This displays the search screen.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Type Time in the search box and tap Go.\", \"描述\": \"This displays a list of a list of search results related to \\\"Time.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap View More below \\\"Lenses.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"This displays all lenses (also known as \\\"Filters\\\") related to \\\"time.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Tap a filter.\", \"描述\": \"This applies the filter to your camera view. This allows you to see how the filter applies the date and time to your photos and videos. Some filters use different fonts and position placements. Try a few different filters to see which one you want to use.\\nFor most filters, you cannot change the position or size of the time. Where it displays on the screen is where it stays\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take a photo or video.\", \"描述\": \"To take a photo, tap the capture button. . It's the large round button in the bottom-center of the screen. Tap and hold the capture button to shoot a video. Release the video when you are finished recording your video.\\nTo shoot video without holding the capture button, tap and hold the capture button to start shooting video, then drag your thumb over the lock icon that appears to the left of the capture button. Your video will continue shooting for however many remaining seconds are available.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Tap Send to.\", \"描述\": \"It's the yellow button in the lower-right corner. This displays a list of friends you can send the photo or video.\\nAlternatively, you can tap in the lower-left corner to save the photo or video to your phone.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Tap a friend you want to send the photo or video to.\", \"描述\": \"This sends the photo or video with the time to your friend.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,215 | How to Address Ambassadors | 1. Writing to an Ambassador
1-1. Use the ambassador's full title.
This will get your email or letter off to a nice formal start. It also indicates to the ambassador that you acknowledge who you are speaking to and understand the meaning of that title.
For example, you may write: "To Mr./Mrs. Ambassador Smith."
You should use the title while addressing a high-ranking person.
For example, if you are sending it to the President of the United States, you should write President Joe Biden instead of Mr. Joe Biden.
You can start the letter with dear for instance, you can write Dear President Biden or Dear Dr. Brown.
Some countries around the world have very serious customs and traditions. If you do not honor these, it’s possible that they will not receive or read your letter.
1-2. Use formal language in your writing.
If you are writing to an ambassador, you most likely have a matter of relative importance in mind. Ambassadors hold respected, formal offices and are much more likely to take your writing seriously if it is well-written.
Try to avoid the use of colloquialisms or vernacular that may be unfamiliar to them as this will detract from your message.
For example, instead of saying "i think ur views on climate change are dumb" you should say something like "I'd really like the opportunity to discuss climate change with you as I think we could both benefit from a conversation."
1-3. Be concise and clear with your writing.
Ambassadors are incredibly busy people that receive plenty of mail from many different people. Keeping your writing short, concise, and to the point, will give you the best chance of having your message taken on board.
It also pays to include a subject line at the top of the message to give the ambassador a quick idea of what you are writing about.
1-4. Write politely and strongly rather than accusingly.
It’s very possible that you are writing about politically sensitive issues or issues that you are passionate about. It’s important that this passion doesn’t turn into anger or you making unfounded accusations.
This doesn’t mean that you can’t articulate an opinion that differs from the ambassador’s, but you must do it eloquently and respectfully.
For example, instead of saying "you get nothing done ur totally useless" saying something like "I feel strongly that there can be more done on this issue."
If you want to get anything accomplished, it will be much more effective to work with the ambassador rather than against.
1-5. Check thoroughly for any grammatical or spelling errors.
This is very important to ensure that you are taken seriously and that the ambassador actually pays attention to your message.
Writing that has spelling errors, typos, and grammatical errors indicates a lack of care on your part.
Get someone else to proofread your writing if this is an area you struggle with.
2. Having a Conversation with an Ambassador
2-1. Ask someone nearby what the correct title to use is.
If you're at an event where an ambassador is present, this is the best way to find out how they prefer to be addressed. The address varies from country to country and may also vary depending on whether you are a citizen of that country or not. If you cannot find out and you are unsure, Mr./Mrs. Ambassador is appropriate. Some of the various titles that ambassadors around the world hold may be:
His/Her excellency
The honorable X
Mr/Ms. X
2-2. Check to see if there are any local customs to follow when meeting.
Depending on where the ambassador you’re meeting is from, there may be traditions that must be followed when interacting with the ambassador. These will vary all over the world but doing some research online first would be a good place to start.
If the ambassador is not from your country, be prepared to engage in customs that you may not be familiar with.
Failing to recognize a tradition in a foreign country can often be viewed as offensive.
2-3. Introduce yourself politely.
You can do this by stating your name, where you are from, and what you would like to talk to them about. This is a good way to get the meeting off to a nice formal start.
For example, in the United Arab Emirates, shaking hands gently is the polite way to greet someone as a firm handshake is considered rude and disrespectful.
It’s possible that they do not have time to speak to you right away; if this is the case, ask them if there may be another time that would work better.
2-4. Be succinct and clear with your message.
Ambassadors talk to large numbers of people on a regular basis. As such, it becomes difficult to remember every conversation had with every person.
Keeping your message clear and well constructed is respectful, but also gives you the best chance of having your information heard and taken seriously.
2-5. Thank them for their time and consideration.
This is a nice and very polite way to sign off your meeting. Ambassadors are busy people and this shows that you appreciate their time, attention, and for listening to your thoughts.
Tips
When meeting a foreign official, try and relax. They are people too! It's always good to follow customs but after the introductions, they will more than likely be happy to speak to you about a whole range of things.
As per usual social etiquette, try to avoid interrupting an ambassador while they are in conversation with someone else.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Writing to an Ambassador\\n1-1. Use the ambassador's full title.\\nThis will get your email or letter off to a nice formal start. It also indicates to the ambassador that you acknowledge who you are speaking to and understand the meaning of that title.\\nFor example, you may write: \\\"To Mr./Mrs. Ambassador Smith.\\\"\\nYou should use the title while addressing a high-ranking person.\\nFor example, if you are sending it to the President of the United States, you should write President Joe Biden instead of Mr. Joe Biden.\\nYou can start the letter with dear for instance, you can write Dear President Biden or Dear Dr. Brown.\\nSome countries around the world have very serious customs and traditions. If you do not honor these, it’s possible that they will not receive or read your letter.\\n1-2. Use formal language in your writing.\\nIf you are writing to an ambassador, you most likely have a matter of relative importance in mind. Ambassadors hold respected, formal offices and are much more likely to take your writing seriously if it is well-written.\\nTry to avoid the use of colloquialisms or vernacular that may be unfamiliar to them as this will detract from your message.\\nFor example, instead of saying \\\"i think ur views on climate change are dumb\\\" you should say something like \\\"I'd really like the opportunity to discuss climate change with you as I think we could both benefit from a conversation.\\\"\\n1-3. Be concise and clear with your writing.\\nAmbassadors are incredibly busy people that receive plenty of mail from many different people. Keeping your writing short, concise, and to the point, will give you the best chance of having your message taken on board.\\nIt also pays to include a subject line at the top of the message to give the ambassador a quick idea of what you are writing about.\\n1-4. Write politely and strongly rather than accusingly.\\nIt’s very possible that you are writing about politically sensitive issues or issues that you are passionate about. It’s important that this passion doesn’t turn into anger or you making unfounded accusations.\\nThis doesn’t mean that you can’t articulate an opinion that differs from the ambassador’s, but you must do it eloquently and respectfully.\\nFor example, instead of saying \\\"you get nothing done ur totally useless\\\" saying something like \\\"I feel strongly that there can be more done on this issue.\\\"\\nIf you want to get anything accomplished, it will be much more effective to work with the ambassador rather than against.\\n1-5. Check thoroughly for any grammatical or spelling errors.\\nThis is very important to ensure that you are taken seriously and that the ambassador actually pays attention to your message.\\nWriting that has spelling errors, typos, and grammatical errors indicates a lack of care on your part.\\nGet someone else to proofread your writing if this is an area you struggle with.\\n2. Having a Conversation with an Ambassador\\n2-1. Ask someone nearby what the correct title to use is.\\nIf you're at an event where an ambassador is present, this is the best way to find out how they prefer to be addressed. The address varies from country to country and may also vary depending on whether you are a citizen of that country or not. If you cannot find out and you are unsure, Mr./Mrs. Ambassador is appropriate. Some of the various titles that ambassadors around the world hold may be:\\nHis/Her excellency\\nThe honorable X\\nMr/Ms. X\\n2-2. Check to see if there are any local customs to follow when meeting.\\nDepending on where the ambassador you’re meeting is from, there may be traditions that must be followed when interacting with the ambassador. These will vary all over the world but doing some research online first would be a good place to start.\\nIf the ambassador is not from your country, be prepared to engage in customs that you may not be familiar with.\\nFailing to recognize a tradition in a foreign country can often be viewed as offensive.\\n2-3. Introduce yourself politely.\\nYou can do this by stating your name, where you are from, and what you would like to talk to them about. This is a good way to get the meeting off to a nice formal start.\\nFor example, in the United Arab Emirates, shaking hands gently is the polite way to greet someone as a firm handshake is considered rude and disrespectful.\\nIt’s possible that they do not have time to speak to you right away; if this is the case, ask them if there may be another time that would work better.\\n2-4. Be succinct and clear with your message.\\nAmbassadors talk to large numbers of people on a regular basis. As such, it becomes difficult to remember every conversation had with every person.\\nKeeping your message clear and well constructed is respectful, but also gives you the best chance of having your information heard and taken seriously.\\n2-5. Thank them for their time and consideration.\\nThis is a nice and very polite way to sign off your meeting. Ambassadors are busy people and this shows that you appreciate their time, attention, and for listening to your thoughts.\\nTips\\nWhen meeting a foreign official, try and relax. They are people too! It's always good to follow customs but after the introductions, they will more than likely be happy to speak to you about a whole range of things.\\nAs per usual social etiquette, try to avoid interrupting an ambassador while they are in conversation with someone else.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"At some point in your life you may have the opportunity to meet a diplomat or an ambassador. This will be incredibly exciting for you! However, these people are high-powered individuals who usually carry a certain degree of formality around with them. As such, knowing how to interact with and formally address an ambassador is a really useful skill to have.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing to an Ambassador\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the ambassador's full title.\", \"描述\": \"This will get your email or letter off to a nice formal start. It also indicates to the ambassador that you acknowledge who you are speaking to and understand the meaning of that title.\\nFor example, you may write: \\\"To Mr./Mrs. Ambassador Smith.\\\"\\nYou should use the title while addressing a high-ranking person.\\nFor example, if you are sending it to the President of the United States, you should write President Joe Biden instead of Mr. Joe Biden.\\nYou can start the letter with dear for instance, you can write Dear President Biden or Dear Dr. Brown.\\nSome countries around the world have very serious customs and traditions. If you do not honor these, it’s possible that they will not receive or read your letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use formal language in your writing.\", \"描述\": \"If you are writing to an ambassador, you most likely have a matter of relative importance in mind. Ambassadors hold respected, formal offices and are much more likely to take your writing seriously if it is well-written.\\nTry to avoid the use of colloquialisms or vernacular that may be unfamiliar to them as this will detract from your message.\\nFor example, instead of saying \\\"i think ur views on climate change are dumb\\\" you should say something like \\\"I'd really like the opportunity to discuss climate change with you as I think we could both benefit from a conversation.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be concise and clear with your writing.\", \"描述\": \"Ambassadors are incredibly busy people that receive plenty of mail from many different people. Keeping your writing short, concise, and to the point, will give you the best chance of having your message taken on board.\\nIt also pays to include a subject line at the top of the message to give the ambassador a quick idea of what you are writing about.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write politely and strongly rather than accusingly.\", \"描述\": \"It’s very possible that you are writing about politically sensitive issues or issues that you are passionate about. It’s important that this passion doesn’t turn into anger or you making unfounded accusations.\\nThis doesn’t mean that you can’t articulate an opinion that differs from the ambassador’s, but you must do it eloquently and respectfully.\\nFor example, instead of saying \\\"you get nothing done ur totally useless\\\" saying something like \\\"I feel strongly that there can be more done on this issue.\\\"\\nIf you want to get anything accomplished, it will be much more effective to work with the ambassador rather than against.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check thoroughly for any grammatical or spelling errors.\", \"描述\": \"This is very important to ensure that you are taken seriously and that the ambassador actually pays attention to your message.\\nWriting that has spelling errors, typos, and grammatical errors indicates a lack of care on your part.\\nGet someone else to proofread your writing if this is an area you struggle with.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Having a Conversation with an Ambassador\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ask someone nearby what the correct title to use is.\", \"描述\": \"If you're at an event where an ambassador is present, this is the best way to find out how they prefer to be addressed. The address varies from country to country and may also vary depending on whether you are a citizen of that country or not. If you cannot find out and you are unsure, Mr./Mrs. Ambassador is appropriate. Some of the various titles that ambassadors around the world hold may be:\\nHis/Her excellency\\nThe honorable X\\nMr/Ms. X\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check to see if there are any local customs to follow when meeting.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on where the ambassador you’re meeting is from, there may be traditions that must be followed when interacting with the ambassador. These will vary all over the world but doing some research online first would be a good place to start.\\nIf the ambassador is not from your country, be prepared to engage in customs that you may not be familiar with.\\nFailing to recognize a tradition in a foreign country can often be viewed as offensive.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Introduce yourself politely.\", \"描述\": \"You can do this by stating your name, where you are from, and what you would like to talk to them about. This is a good way to get the meeting off to a nice formal start.\\nFor example, in the United Arab Emirates, shaking hands gently is the polite way to greet someone as a firm handshake is considered rude and disrespectful.\\nIt’s possible that they do not have time to speak to you right away; if this is the case, ask them if there may be another time that would work better.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be succinct and clear with your message.\", \"描述\": \"Ambassadors talk to large numbers of people on a regular basis. As such, it becomes difficult to remember every conversation had with every person.\\nKeeping your message clear and well constructed is respectful, but also gives you the best chance of having your information heard and taken seriously.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Thank them for their time and consideration.\", \"描述\": \"This is a nice and very polite way to sign off your meeting. Ambassadors are busy people and this shows that you appreciate their time, attention, and for listening to your thoughts.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"When meeting a foreign official, try and relax. They are people too! It's always good to follow customs but after the introductions, they will more than likely be happy to speak to you about a whole range of things.\\n\", \"As per usual social etiquette, try to avoid interrupting an ambassador while they are in conversation with someone else.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,216 | How to Address Bridal Shower Envelopes | 1. Preparing Your Materials
1-1. Use an ink pen or a felt tip marker.
A shower is a personal and intimate event, and the invitations should reflect that. So write out the names and addresses on the envelopes rather than printing them from the computer. Use black or dark blue ink since other colors may be difficult for postal workers to read.
1-2. Choose someone who has attractive and clear handwriting.
Discuss and compare writing among the hostesses (if there are others besides you) to determine who has the nicest handwriting. Pick someone who can write in even, neat print or cursive.
If you don’t trust your own handwriting, or that of the other hostesses, hire a calligrapher. You can provide them with the names and addresses of your guests, and they will inscribe them on the envelopes. Cost will depend on your area, and how many invitations you are mailing.
1-3. Use one envelope per recipient.
Anyone over the age of 13 should receive their own invitation. Address a separate invitation in a separate envelope to each person you are inviting, even if two or more of them live in the same household.
1-4. Buy extra envelopes.
Mistakes happen, whether you misspell a name, or smudge the ink as you’re writing. Rather than crossing something out, you should start over with a fresh envelope, so make sure to have a few extras on hand.
1-5. Clean your work surface.
The last thing you want is to get a stain on the envelopes you spent so long addressing. Wipe down your desk or table with a damp cloth and then wipe it again with a dry cloth. Be sure there’s no remaining moisture on the surface before you set down your envelopes.
2. Formatting the Names
2-1. Include any social or professional titles.
For example, write “Mrs. Jane Smith” or “Dr. Jane Smith.” Use “Mrs.” for married or widowed women and “Miss” for ladies under 18 years of age. “Ms.” can be used for single and divorced women as well as women who are married but kept their maiden names.
Traditionally, only women are invited to bridal showers. However, if you invite a man, write "Mr." before his name.
Some examples of other professional titles are “Lieutenant,” “Reverend,” or “The Honorable” (for judges).
2-2. Address married women by their given names.
It used to be common to address a married woman using her husband’s name (“Mrs. John Smith”). However, it has become more common now to simply address a married woman using her given first name and married last name (“Mrs. Jane Smith”). If you prefer the traditional method, you may still use this, but your guests may view this as too old-fashioned.
2-3. Use full formal names.
Write both the first and last name of the addressee, but omit the middle name. Don’t put any nicknames or shortened versions of names on the envelope. For example, even if everyone calls the bride’s aunt “Pat,” the invitation should still be addressed to “Mrs. Patricia Jones.”
2-4. Address couples on the same envelope.
If you’re inviting any couples, this is the only exception to the “one person per invitation” rule. Both people may receive the same invitation. Nowadays, it doesn’t matter which name comes first - the man’s or the woman’s.
Address married couples as “Mr. John Smith and Mrs. Jane Smith” or “Ms. Jane Smith and Mr. John Smith” if you know she prefers to go by “Ms.” You can also use “Mr. and Mrs. John Smith” if you prefer to be more traditional.
The only time when name order matters is when one person “outranks” the other, such as if one is a doctor. For example, “Doctor Jane Smith and Mr. John Smith.”
3. Formatting the Address
3-1. Write the street address in a straight line under the name.
It doesn’t have to align perfectly with the guest’s name above it. You can play around with the design and have the name and address align to the same left indent, align to the same right indent, or have each line be centered on the envelope. Just plan ahead for this since different addresses will be different lengths and require different amounts of space.
3-2. Write house and apartment numbers in numeric form.
For ease of delivery, avoid spelling out the numbers in the address. For example, write "5 Oak Lane" rather than "Five Oak Lane"
3-3. Write out the street names in full.
Do not abbreviate any words in the street name, including directions like “North” and “South” and words such as Street, Avenue, Boulevard, Road, etc.
3-4. Spell out the full city and state name.
Do not abbreviate the state. For example, you would write "15 East Main Street, Buffalo, New York."
3-5. Place the zip code under or after the state.
Use the numeric form for the zip code (i.e. 40001) and determine where you’d like to put it. In the U.S. it can be placed immediately after the state or just below it.
3-6. Print the return address on the back flap of the envelope.
It should be centered and written in the same ink that is used on the front of the envelope. The return address should be the same on every envelope so that you can more easily keep track of all the responses.
Tips
Use a postage stamp, preferably one with an appropriate design, such as a heart or flowers. Do not run the envelopes through a postage meter.
Traditionally, all of the women who will be invited to the wedding are invited to the shower.
Invitations should be sent out 6-8 weeks before the shower
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing Your Materials\\n1-1. Use an ink pen or a felt tip marker.\\nA shower is a personal and intimate event, and the invitations should reflect that. So write out the names and addresses on the envelopes rather than printing them from the computer. Use black or dark blue ink since other colors may be difficult for postal workers to read.\\n1-2. Choose someone who has attractive and clear handwriting.\\nDiscuss and compare writing among the hostesses (if there are others besides you) to determine who has the nicest handwriting. Pick someone who can write in even, neat print or cursive.\\nIf you don’t trust your own handwriting, or that of the other hostesses, hire a calligrapher. You can provide them with the names and addresses of your guests, and they will inscribe them on the envelopes. Cost will depend on your area, and how many invitations you are mailing.\\n1-3. Use one envelope per recipient.\\nAnyone over the age of 13 should receive their own invitation. Address a separate invitation in a separate envelope to each person you are inviting, even if two or more of them live in the same household.\\n1-4. Buy extra envelopes.\\nMistakes happen, whether you misspell a name, or smudge the ink as you’re writing. Rather than crossing something out, you should start over with a fresh envelope, so make sure to have a few extras on hand.\\n1-5. Clean your work surface.\\nThe last thing you want is to get a stain on the envelopes you spent so long addressing. Wipe down your desk or table with a damp cloth and then wipe it again with a dry cloth. Be sure there’s no remaining moisture on the surface before you set down your envelopes.\\n2. Formatting the Names\\n2-1. Include any social or professional titles.\\nFor example, write “Mrs. Jane Smith” or “Dr. Jane Smith.” Use “Mrs.” for married or widowed women and “Miss” for ladies under 18 years of age. “Ms.” can be used for single and divorced women as well as women who are married but kept their maiden names.\\nTraditionally, only women are invited to bridal showers. However, if you invite a man, write \\\"Mr.\\\" before his name.\\nSome examples of other professional titles are “Lieutenant,” “Reverend,” or “The Honorable” (for judges).\\n2-2. Address married women by their given names.\\nIt used to be common to address a married woman using her husband’s name (“Mrs. John Smith”). However, it has become more common now to simply address a married woman using her given first name and married last name (“Mrs. Jane Smith”). If you prefer the traditional method, you may still use this, but your guests may view this as too old-fashioned.\\n2-3. Use full formal names.\\nWrite both the first and last name of the addressee, but omit the middle name. Don’t put any nicknames or shortened versions of names on the envelope. For example, even if everyone calls the bride’s aunt “Pat,” the invitation should still be addressed to “Mrs. Patricia Jones.”\\n2-4. Address couples on the same envelope.\\nIf you’re inviting any couples, this is the only exception to the “one person per invitation” rule. Both people may receive the same invitation. Nowadays, it doesn’t matter which name comes first - the man’s or the woman’s.\\nAddress married couples as “Mr. John Smith and Mrs. Jane Smith” or “Ms. Jane Smith and Mr. John Smith” if you know she prefers to go by “Ms.” You can also use “Mr. and Mrs. John Smith” if you prefer to be more traditional.\\nThe only time when name order matters is when one person “outranks” the other, such as if one is a doctor. For example, “Doctor Jane Smith and Mr. John Smith.”\\n3. Formatting the Address\\n3-1. Write the street address in a straight line under the name.\\nIt doesn’t have to align perfectly with the guest’s name above it. You can play around with the design and have the name and address align to the same left indent, align to the same right indent, or have each line be centered on the envelope. Just plan ahead for this since different addresses will be different lengths and require different amounts of space.\\n3-2. Write house and apartment numbers in numeric form.\\nFor ease of delivery, avoid spelling out the numbers in the address. For example, write \\\"5 Oak Lane\\\" rather than \\\"Five Oak Lane\\\"\\n3-3. Write out the street names in full.\\nDo not abbreviate any words in the street name, including directions like “North” and “South” and words such as Street, Avenue, Boulevard, Road, etc.\\n3-4. Spell out the full city and state name.\\nDo not abbreviate the state. For example, you would write \\\"15 East Main Street, Buffalo, New York.\\\"\\n3-5. Place the zip code under or after the state.\\nUse the numeric form for the zip code (i.e. 40001) and determine where you’d like to put it. In the U.S. it can be placed immediately after the state or just below it.\\n3-6. Print the return address on the back flap of the envelope.\\nIt should be centered and written in the same ink that is used on the front of the envelope. The return address should be the same on every envelope so that you can more easily keep track of all the responses.\\nTips\\nUse a postage stamp, preferably one with an appropriate design, such as a heart or flowers. Do not run the envelopes through a postage meter.\\nTraditionally, all of the women who will be invited to the wedding are invited to the shower.\\nInvitations should be sent out 6-8 weeks before the shower\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Bridal showers are fun, often formal events for the bride to be and her friends and family. If you’re planning a bridal shower for someone, you’ll be responsible for labelling and addressing the invitation envelopes. With the right materials and formatting, shower envelopes can turn from something boring into a beautiful and personalized work of art.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing Your Materials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use an ink pen or a felt tip marker.\", \"描述\": \"A shower is a personal and intimate event, and the invitations should reflect that. So write out the names and addresses on the envelopes rather than printing them from the computer. Use black or dark blue ink since other colors may be difficult for postal workers to read.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose someone who has attractive and clear handwriting.\", \"描述\": \"Discuss and compare writing among the hostesses (if there are others besides you) to determine who has the nicest handwriting. Pick someone who can write in even, neat print or cursive.\\nIf you don’t trust your own handwriting, or that of the other hostesses, hire a calligrapher. You can provide them with the names and addresses of your guests, and they will inscribe them on the envelopes. Cost will depend on your area, and how many invitations you are mailing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use one envelope per recipient.\", \"描述\": \"Anyone over the age of 13 should receive their own invitation. Address a separate invitation in a separate envelope to each person you are inviting, even if two or more of them live in the same household.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Buy extra envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"Mistakes happen, whether you misspell a name, or smudge the ink as you’re writing. Rather than crossing something out, you should start over with a fresh envelope, so make sure to have a few extras on hand.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Clean your work surface.\", \"描述\": \"The last thing you want is to get a stain on the envelopes you spent so long addressing. Wipe down your desk or table with a damp cloth and then wipe it again with a dry cloth. Be sure there’s no remaining moisture on the surface before you set down your envelopes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Formatting the Names\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Include any social or professional titles.\", \"描述\": \"For example, write “Mrs. Jane Smith” or “Dr. Jane Smith.” Use “Mrs.” for married or widowed women and “Miss” for ladies under 18 years of age. “Ms.” can be used for single and divorced women as well as women who are married but kept their maiden names.\\nTraditionally, only women are invited to bridal showers. However, if you invite a man, write \\\"Mr.\\\" before his name.\\nSome examples of other professional titles are “Lieutenant,” “Reverend,” or “The Honorable” (for judges).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address married women by their given names.\", \"描述\": \"It used to be common to address a married woman using her husband’s name (“Mrs. John Smith”). However, it has become more common now to simply address a married woman using her given first name and married last name (“Mrs. Jane Smith”). If you prefer the traditional method, you may still use this, but your guests may view this as too old-fashioned.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use full formal names.\", \"描述\": \"Write both the first and last name of the addressee, but omit the middle name. Don’t put any nicknames or shortened versions of names on the envelope. For example, even if everyone calls the bride’s aunt “Pat,” the invitation should still be addressed to “Mrs. Patricia Jones.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address couples on the same envelope.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re inviting any couples, this is the only exception to the “one person per invitation” rule. Both people may receive the same invitation. Nowadays, it doesn’t matter which name comes first - the man’s or the woman’s.\\nAddress married couples as “Mr. John Smith and Mrs. Jane Smith” or “Ms. Jane Smith and Mr. John Smith” if you know she prefers to go by “Ms.” You can also use “Mr. and Mrs. John Smith” if you prefer to be more traditional.\\nThe only time when name order matters is when one person “outranks” the other, such as if one is a doctor. For example, “Doctor Jane Smith and Mr. John Smith.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Formatting the Address\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the street address in a straight line under the name.\", \"描述\": \"It doesn’t have to align perfectly with the guest’s name above it. You can play around with the design and have the name and address align to the same left indent, align to the same right indent, or have each line be centered on the envelope. Just plan ahead for this since different addresses will be different lengths and require different amounts of space.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write house and apartment numbers in numeric form.\", \"描述\": \"For ease of delivery, avoid spelling out the numbers in the address. For example, write \\\"5 Oak Lane\\\" rather than \\\"Five Oak Lane\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write out the street names in full.\", \"描述\": \"Do not abbreviate any words in the street name, including directions like “North” and “South” and words such as Street, Avenue, Boulevard, Road, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Spell out the full city and state name.\", \"描述\": \"Do not abbreviate the state. For example, you would write \\\"15 East Main Street, Buffalo, New York.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Place the zip code under or after the state.\", \"描述\": \"Use the numeric form for the zip code (i.e. 40001) and determine where you’d like to put it. In the U.S. it can be placed immediately after the state or just below it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Print the return address on the back flap of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"It should be centered and written in the same ink that is used on the front of the envelope. The return address should be the same on every envelope so that you can more easily keep track of all the responses.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Use a postage stamp, preferably one with an appropriate design, such as a heart or flowers. Do not run the envelopes through a postage meter.\\n\", \"Traditionally, all of the women who will be invited to the wedding are invited to the shower.\\n\", \"Invitations should be sent out 6-8 weeks before the shower\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,217 | How to Address Catholic Clergy | 1. Steps
1-1. Identify the clergyman's hierarchical status or post.
Below are a few identifying markers for various individuals within the Catholic hierarchy. It is important to note that these are more guidelines than rules; a Pastor may be Byzantine but wear a Roman cassock, for example:
is easy to distinguish by the fact that his everyday cassock (robe worn by clergy when not doing anything liturgically) is white. He is usually the only one who has a white cassock (there is a tiny chance that an Eastern clergy member might wear a white cassock, since colors are not regulated closely in all Eastern Churches, and some Latin Priests are permitted to wear white cassocks in tropical countries).
has a red cassock (although it should be noted that at least one regular Eastern Bishop has one).
may wear a loose cassock, a riasa (a cloak-type garment worn over the cassock, with long, flowing sleeves), a tall black hat, possibly with a veil; in some Slavic traditions, a Metropolitan's hat will be white), and a Panagia, which is a medal with an icon of the Theotokos on it.
may be recognized by the red lining, piping and buttons on his black cassock, the red sash around his waist, and that red skullcap (zucchetto). He also wears a pectoral Cross.
is known by the red ng, piping and buttons on his black cassock. But he does not wear a pectoral Cross or a red skullcap. This title of honour is generally not given any more in the East.
is maybe the Eastern Catholic equivalent of the rank of Monsignor. If he chooses to wear a hat, it may be purple or red. In a liturgical setting, he can also wear the shields, like a Bishop. Other than that, he dresses like an Eastern Rite Priest.
dresses the same as a Bishop, with some exceptions. Instead of a Panagia, he wears a pectoral Cross. Instead of a klobuk, he may wear a black kamilavka. In some Churches, the kamilavka is a reward, while in others it is an option for any Priest.
wears a tighter fitting cassock. He also wears the white collar.
dresses the same as an Eastern Rite Priest, minus the pectoral Cross.
1-2. Address a Brother.
During a formal introduction, a Brother should be introduced as “Brother (First Name) of (name of community).” He should be directly addressed as “Brother (First Name)” – or, on paper, as “Reverend Brother (First Name), (initials of his community)”
1-3. Address a Sister.
During a formal introduction, a Sister should be introduced as “Sister (First Name) of (name of community).” She should be directly addressed as “Sister (First and Last Name)” or “Sister” – or, on paper, as “Reverend Sister (First and Last Name), (initials of her community).”
1-4. Address a religious Priest.
During a formal introduction, a religious Priest should be introduced as “The Reverend Father (First and Last Name) of (name of community).” He should be directly addressed as “Father (Last Name)” or simply “Father,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Father (First Name Middle Initial Last Name), (initials of his community).”
1-5. Address a mother superior.
During a formal introduction, a mother superior should be introduced as “The Reverend Mother (First and Last Name) of (name of community).” She should be directly addressed as “Reverend Mother (First and Last Name),” “Reverend Mother,” or, on paper, as “The Reverend Mother (First and Last Name), (initials of community).”
1-6. Address a Deacon:
During a formal introduction, a (permanent) Deacon should be introduced as “Reverend Deacon (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Deacon (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “Rev. Deacon (First and Last Name)" or simply "Deacon (First and Last Name).” If it is a seminarian who is a 'transitional' Deacon, then he should be introduced as "Deacon(First and Last Name)." He should be directly addressed as “Deacon (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Mr. (First and Last Name).”
1-7. Address a diocesan(or secular) Priest.
During a formal introduction, a diocesan Priest should be introduced as “The Reverend Father (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Father (First and/or Last Name)” or simply “Father,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Father (First Name and Last Name).” Note that you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.
1-8. Address a Vicar, Provincial, Canon, Dean, or Rector.
During a formal introduction, he should be introduced as “The Very Reverend Father/Vicar (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Reverend (Last Name)” or “Father (Last Name),” – or, on paper, as “The Very Reverend Father (Vicar/Provincial/Canon, etc.) (First Name and Last Name).” Note that, as with a Priest, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.
1-9. Address a Monsignor.
During a formal introduction, a Monsignor should be introduced as “The Reverend Monsignor (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Monsignor (Last Name)” or simply “Monsignor,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Monsignor (First Name and Last Name).” Note that, as with a Priest, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.
1-10. Address a Bishop.
During a formal introduction, a Bishop should be introduced as “His Most Reverend Excellency, (First and Last Name), Bishop of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Excellency” – or, on paper, as “His Excellency, The Most Reverend (First Name and Last Name), Bishop of (Location)”. Note that you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Bishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.
1-11. Address an Archbishop.
During a formal introduction, an Archbishop should be introduced in the same way listed above for a Bishop. However, in some parts of Canada, especially in the West, it is common practice to address an Archbishop as “His Grace". In this case, during a formal introduction, an Archbishop could be introduced as “His Grace, (First and Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” He could be directly addressed as “Your Grace” or “Archbishop (Last Name),” – or, on paper, as “His Grace, The Most Reverend (First Name and Last Name), Archbishop of (Location)”. Note that, as with a Bishop, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Archbishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.
1-12. Address a Patriarch.
During a formal introduction, a Patriarch should be introduced as “His Beatitude, (First and Last Name) Patriarch of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Beatitude” (except in Lisbon, where he is addressed as “Your Eminence”) or, on paper, as “His Beatitude, the Most Reverend (First and Last Name), Patriarch of (Location).” Note that, as with an Archbishop, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Patriarch, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.
1-13. Address a Cardinal.
During a formal introduction, a Cardinal should be introduced as “His Eminence, (First Name) Cardinal (Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Eminence” or “Cardinal (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “His Eminence, (First Name) Cardinal (Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” Note that, as with a Patriarch, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Bishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.
1-14. Address the Pope.
During a formal introduction, the Pope should be introduced as “His Holiness, Pope (Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Holiness” or “Holy Father” – or, on paper, as “His Holiness, Pope (Name)” or “The Sovereign Pontiff, His Holiness (Name).” Note that men should wear a dark suit and tie and remove their hats in his presence, while women should wear black dresses that cover their arms, as well as a head covering such as a veil (dressing in white clothes and veil, known as the privilège du blanc). Stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. When introduced, kneel on your left knee and kiss his ring; repeat before he leaves.
Le privilège du blanc ("the privilege of the white") is a French term used for a tradition whereby certain designated Catholic queens and princesses are permitted to wear a white dress and white mantilla during an audience with the Pope. The Italian term is il privilegio del bianco. The Prefecture of the Pontifical Household sometimes issues special instructions when the privilege may be used, such as during papal audiences or masses at the beginning of a pope's reign. It is reserved for the Catholic queens of Belgium and Spain, the Princess Consort of Monaco, the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, and princesses of the former Italian royal House of Savoy.
Tips
A general rule is always to be formal. Familiarity is not proper with any clergyman unless you are a relative, and then, only in private. Informality is never proper in public or with anyone unless you are a relative or a close friend, and you are in private circumstances. If you are with your close friend who is a Bishop and you are in public, you must address him as "Bishop". The same model is used for persons with other professional titles, like "Doctor" or honorary titles like "Monsignor". Referring to your close friend who is a Bishop as "John" or "Marty" in public circumstances is improper, and it will embarrass you.
In some countries the traditional practice of kissing the hand of a priest remains customary. Again, observe what is the practice in a given situation.
It should be noted that the Catholic colors are often confused with Eastern Orthodox colors. Although there are similarities in rites and liturgies, names, and titles, Eastern Orthodox is not Catholic.
Warnings
Some clergy feel uncomfortable, for both theological and personal reasons, with insisting upon a title. Others prefer that a title be used. When in doubt, simply address them by the most formal title available and leave it to them to invite a less formal style of address.
Never extend your hand to anyone you do not know and never to a person of superior rank (keeping in mind that we are all Children of God and there are really no 'ranks' within the Church). In American parishes many priests greet the parishioners after Mass, with or without physical contact. When in doubt, leave it out.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Identify the clergyman's hierarchical status or post.\\nBelow are a few identifying markers for various individuals within the Catholic hierarchy. It is important to note that these are more guidelines than rules; a Pastor may be Byzantine but wear a Roman cassock, for example:\\n\\n is easy to distinguish by the fact that his everyday cassock (robe worn by clergy when not doing anything liturgically) is white. He is usually the only one who has a white cassock (there is a tiny chance that an Eastern clergy member might wear a white cassock, since colors are not regulated closely in all Eastern Churches, and some Latin Priests are permitted to wear white cassocks in tropical countries).\\n has a red cassock (although it should be noted that at least one regular Eastern Bishop has one).\\n may wear a loose cassock, a riasa (a cloak-type garment worn over the cassock, with long, flowing sleeves), a tall black hat, possibly with a veil; in some Slavic traditions, a Metropolitan's hat will be white), and a Panagia, which is a medal with an icon of the Theotokos on it.\\n may be recognized by the red lining, piping and buttons on his black cassock, the red sash around his waist, and that red skullcap (zucchetto). He also wears a pectoral Cross.\\n is known by the red ng, piping and buttons on his black cassock. But he does not wear a pectoral Cross or a red skullcap. This title of honour is generally not given any more in the East.\\n is maybe the Eastern Catholic equivalent of the rank of Monsignor. If he chooses to wear a hat, it may be purple or red. In a liturgical setting, he can also wear the shields, like a Bishop. Other than that, he dresses like an Eastern Rite Priest.\\n dresses the same as a Bishop, with some exceptions. Instead of a Panagia, he wears a pectoral Cross. Instead of a klobuk, he may wear a black kamilavka. In some Churches, the kamilavka is a reward, while in others it is an option for any Priest.\\n wears a tighter fitting cassock. He also wears the white collar.\\n dresses the same as an Eastern Rite Priest, minus the pectoral Cross.\\n1-2. Address a Brother.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a Brother should be introduced as “Brother (First Name) of (name of community).” He should be directly addressed as “Brother (First Name)” – or, on paper, as “Reverend Brother (First Name), (initials of his community)”\\n1-3. Address a Sister.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a Sister should be introduced as “Sister (First Name) of (name of community).” She should be directly addressed as “Sister (First and Last Name)” or “Sister” – or, on paper, as “Reverend Sister (First and Last Name), (initials of her community).”\\n1-4. Address a religious Priest.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a religious Priest should be introduced as “The Reverend Father (First and Last Name) of (name of community).” He should be directly addressed as “Father (Last Name)” or simply “Father,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Father (First Name Middle Initial Last Name), (initials of his community).”\\n1-5. Address a mother superior.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a mother superior should be introduced as “The Reverend Mother (First and Last Name) of (name of community).” She should be directly addressed as “Reverend Mother (First and Last Name),” “Reverend Mother,” or, on paper, as “The Reverend Mother (First and Last Name), (initials of community).”\\n1-6. Address a Deacon:\\nDuring a formal introduction, a (permanent) Deacon should be introduced as “Reverend Deacon (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Deacon (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “Rev. Deacon (First and Last Name)\\\" or simply \\\"Deacon (First and Last Name).” If it is a seminarian who is a 'transitional' Deacon, then he should be introduced as \\\"Deacon(First and Last Name).\\\" He should be directly addressed as “Deacon (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Mr. (First and Last Name).”\\n1-7. Address a diocesan(or secular) Priest.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a diocesan Priest should be introduced as “The Reverend Father (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Father (First and/or Last Name)” or simply “Father,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Father (First Name and Last Name).” Note that you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.\\n1-8. Address a Vicar, Provincial, Canon, Dean, or Rector.\\nDuring a formal introduction, he should be introduced as “The Very Reverend Father/Vicar (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Reverend (Last Name)” or “Father (Last Name),” – or, on paper, as “The Very Reverend Father (Vicar/Provincial/Canon, etc.) (First Name and Last Name).” Note that, as with a Priest, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.\\n1-9. Address a Monsignor.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a Monsignor should be introduced as “The Reverend Monsignor (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Monsignor (Last Name)” or simply “Monsignor,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Monsignor (First Name and Last Name).” Note that, as with a Priest, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.\\n1-10. Address a Bishop.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a Bishop should be introduced as “His Most Reverend Excellency, (First and Last Name), Bishop of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Excellency” – or, on paper, as “His Excellency, The Most Reverend (First Name and Last Name), Bishop of (Location)”. Note that you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Bishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.\\n1-11. Address an Archbishop.\\nDuring a formal introduction, an Archbishop should be introduced in the same way listed above for a Bishop. However, in some parts of Canada, especially in the West, it is common practice to address an Archbishop as “His Grace\\\". In this case, during a formal introduction, an Archbishop could be introduced as “His Grace, (First and Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” He could be directly addressed as “Your Grace” or “Archbishop (Last Name),” – or, on paper, as “His Grace, The Most Reverend (First Name and Last Name), Archbishop of (Location)”. Note that, as with a Bishop, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Archbishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.\\n1-12. Address a Patriarch.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a Patriarch should be introduced as “His Beatitude, (First and Last Name) Patriarch of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Beatitude” (except in Lisbon, where he is addressed as “Your Eminence”) or, on paper, as “His Beatitude, the Most Reverend (First and Last Name), Patriarch of (Location).” Note that, as with an Archbishop, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Patriarch, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.\\n1-13. Address a Cardinal.\\nDuring a formal introduction, a Cardinal should be introduced as “His Eminence, (First Name) Cardinal (Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Eminence” or “Cardinal (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “His Eminence, (First Name) Cardinal (Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” Note that, as with a Patriarch, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Bishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.\\n1-14. Address the Pope.\\nDuring a formal introduction, the Pope should be introduced as “His Holiness, Pope (Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Holiness” or “Holy Father” – or, on paper, as “His Holiness, Pope (Name)” or “The Sovereign Pontiff, His Holiness (Name).” Note that men should wear a dark suit and tie and remove their hats in his presence, while women should wear black dresses that cover their arms, as well as a head covering such as a veil (dressing in white clothes and veil, known as the privilège du blanc). Stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. When introduced, kneel on your left knee and kiss his ring; repeat before he leaves.\\nLe privilège du blanc (\\\"the privilege of the white\\\") is a French term used for a tradition whereby certain designated Catholic queens and princesses are permitted to wear a white dress and white mantilla during an audience with the Pope. The Italian term is il privilegio del bianco. The Prefecture of the Pontifical Household sometimes issues special instructions when the privilege may be used, such as during papal audiences or masses at the beginning of a pope's reign. It is reserved for the Catholic queens of Belgium and Spain, the Princess Consort of Monaco, the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, and princesses of the former Italian royal House of Savoy.\\nTips\\nA general rule is always to be formal. Familiarity is not proper with any clergyman unless you are a relative, and then, only in private. Informality is never proper in public or with anyone unless you are a relative or a close friend, and you are in private circumstances. If you are with your close friend who is a Bishop and you are in public, you must address him as \\\"Bishop\\\". The same model is used for persons with other professional titles, like \\\"Doctor\\\" or honorary titles like \\\"Monsignor\\\". Referring to your close friend who is a Bishop as \\\"John\\\" or \\\"Marty\\\" in public circumstances is improper, and it will embarrass you.\\nIn some countries the traditional practice of kissing the hand of a priest remains customary. Again, observe what is the practice in a given situation.\\nIt should be noted that the Catholic colors are often confused with Eastern Orthodox colors. Although there are similarities in rites and liturgies, names, and titles, Eastern Orthodox is not Catholic.\\nWarnings\\nSome clergy feel uncomfortable, for both theological and personal reasons, with insisting upon a title. Others prefer that a title be used. When in doubt, simply address them by the most formal title available and leave it to them to invite a less formal style of address.\\nNever extend your hand to anyone you do not know and never to a person of superior rank (keeping in mind that we are all Children of God and there are really no 'ranks' within the Church). In American parishes many priests greet the parishioners after Mass, with or without physical contact. When in doubt, leave it out.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When speaking to members of the Clergy, titles and addresses can be tricky. Depending upon where one resides, and where the clergy person resides, titles can vary from minor changes to major shifts in formality. This article will help you to determine how to identify and properly address members of the Catholic clergy.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify the clergyman's hierarchical status or post.\", \"描述\": \"Below are a few identifying markers for various individuals within the Catholic hierarchy. It is important to note that these are more guidelines than rules; a Pastor may be Byzantine but wear a Roman cassock, for example:\\n\\n is easy to distinguish by the fact that his everyday cassock (robe worn by clergy when not doing anything liturgically) is white. He is usually the only one who has a white cassock (there is a tiny chance that an Eastern clergy member might wear a white cassock, since colors are not regulated closely in all Eastern Churches, and some Latin Priests are permitted to wear white cassocks in tropical countries).\\n has a red cassock (although it should be noted that at least one regular Eastern Bishop has one).\\n may wear a loose cassock, a riasa (a cloak-type garment worn over the cassock, with long, flowing sleeves), a tall black hat, possibly with a veil; in some Slavic traditions, a Metropolitan's hat will be white), and a Panagia, which is a medal with an icon of the Theotokos on it.\\n may be recognized by the red lining, piping and buttons on his black cassock, the red sash around his waist, and that red skullcap (zucchetto). He also wears a pectoral Cross.\\n is known by the red ng, piping and buttons on his black cassock. But he does not wear a pectoral Cross or a red skullcap. This title of honour is generally not given any more in the East.\\n is maybe the Eastern Catholic equivalent of the rank of Monsignor. If he chooses to wear a hat, it may be purple or red. In a liturgical setting, he can also wear the shields, like a Bishop. Other than that, he dresses like an Eastern Rite Priest.\\n dresses the same as a Bishop, with some exceptions. Instead of a Panagia, he wears a pectoral Cross. Instead of a klobuk, he may wear a black kamilavka. In some Churches, the kamilavka is a reward, while in others it is an option for any Priest.\\n wears a tighter fitting cassock. He also wears the white collar.\\n dresses the same as an Eastern Rite Priest, minus the pectoral Cross.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address a Brother.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a Brother should be introduced as “Brother (First Name) of (name of community).” He should be directly addressed as “Brother (First Name)” – or, on paper, as “Reverend Brother (First Name), (initials of his community)”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address a Sister.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a Sister should be introduced as “Sister (First Name) of (name of community).” She should be directly addressed as “Sister (First and Last Name)” or “Sister” – or, on paper, as “Reverend Sister (First and Last Name), (initials of her community).”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address a religious Priest.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a religious Priest should be introduced as “The Reverend Father (First and Last Name) of (name of community).” He should be directly addressed as “Father (Last Name)” or simply “Father,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Father (First Name Middle Initial Last Name), (initials of his community).”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Address a mother superior.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a mother superior should be introduced as “The Reverend Mother (First and Last Name) of (name of community).” She should be directly addressed as “Reverend Mother (First and Last Name),” “Reverend Mother,” or, on paper, as “The Reverend Mother (First and Last Name), (initials of community).”\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Address a Deacon:\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a (permanent) Deacon should be introduced as “Reverend Deacon (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Deacon (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “Rev. Deacon (First and Last Name)\\\" or simply \\\"Deacon (First and Last Name).” If it is a seminarian who is a 'transitional' Deacon, then he should be introduced as \\\"Deacon(First and Last Name).\\\" He should be directly addressed as “Deacon (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Mr. (First and Last Name).”\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Address a diocesan(or secular) Priest.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a diocesan Priest should be introduced as “The Reverend Father (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Father (First and/or Last Name)” or simply “Father,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Father (First Name and Last Name).” Note that you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Address a Vicar, Provincial, Canon, Dean, or Rector.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, he should be introduced as “The Very Reverend Father/Vicar (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Reverend (Last Name)” or “Father (Last Name),” – or, on paper, as “The Very Reverend Father (Vicar/Provincial/Canon, etc.) (First Name and Last Name).” Note that, as with a Priest, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Address a Monsignor.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a Monsignor should be introduced as “The Reverend Monsignor (First and Last Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Monsignor (Last Name)” or simply “Monsignor,” – or, on paper, as “The Reverend Monsignor (First Name and Last Name).” Note that, as with a Priest, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Address a Bishop.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a Bishop should be introduced as “His Most Reverend Excellency, (First and Last Name), Bishop of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Excellency” – or, on paper, as “His Excellency, The Most Reverend (First Name and Last Name), Bishop of (Location)”. Note that you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Bishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Address an Archbishop.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, an Archbishop should be introduced in the same way listed above for a Bishop. However, in some parts of Canada, especially in the West, it is common practice to address an Archbishop as “His Grace\\\". In this case, during a formal introduction, an Archbishop could be introduced as “His Grace, (First and Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” He could be directly addressed as “Your Grace” or “Archbishop (Last Name),” – or, on paper, as “His Grace, The Most Reverend (First Name and Last Name), Archbishop of (Location)”. Note that, as with a Bishop, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Archbishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Address a Patriarch.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a Patriarch should be introduced as “His Beatitude, (First and Last Name) Patriarch of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Beatitude” (except in Lisbon, where he is addressed as “Your Eminence”) or, on paper, as “His Beatitude, the Most Reverend (First and Last Name), Patriarch of (Location).” Note that, as with an Archbishop, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Patriarch, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.\"}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Address a Cardinal.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, a Cardinal should be introduced as “His Eminence, (First Name) Cardinal (Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Eminence” or “Cardinal (Last Name)” – or, on paper, as “His Eminence, (First Name) Cardinal (Last Name), Archbishop of (Location).” Note that, as with a Patriarch, you should stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. Remove your hat in his presence, and you may kiss the sacred ring during both the greeting and the closing. If he is your own Bishop, you may kneel when kissing the ring (though bowing at the waist is also acceptable); however, do not do either if the Pope is present.\"}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Address the Pope.\", \"描述\": \"During a formal introduction, the Pope should be introduced as “His Holiness, Pope (Name).” He should be directly addressed as “Your Holiness” or “Holy Father” – or, on paper, as “His Holiness, Pope (Name)” or “The Sovereign Pontiff, His Holiness (Name).” Note that men should wear a dark suit and tie and remove their hats in his presence, while women should wear black dresses that cover their arms, as well as a head covering such as a veil (dressing in white clothes and veil, known as the privilège du blanc). Stand when he enters a room (until he invites you to sit) and again when he leaves it. When introduced, kneel on your left knee and kiss his ring; repeat before he leaves.\\nLe privilège du blanc (\\\"the privilege of the white\\\") is a French term used for a tradition whereby certain designated Catholic queens and princesses are permitted to wear a white dress and white mantilla during an audience with the Pope. The Italian term is il privilegio del bianco. The Prefecture of the Pontifical Household sometimes issues special instructions when the privilege may be used, such as during papal audiences or masses at the beginning of a pope's reign. It is reserved for the Catholic queens of Belgium and Spain, the Princess Consort of Monaco, the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, and princesses of the former Italian royal House of Savoy.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"A general rule is always to be formal. Familiarity is not proper with any clergyman unless you are a relative, and then, only in private. Informality is never proper in public or with anyone unless you are a relative or a close friend, and you are in private circumstances. If you are with your close friend who is a Bishop and you are in public, you must address him as \\\"Bishop\\\". The same model is used for persons with other professional titles, like \\\"Doctor\\\" or honorary titles like \\\"Monsignor\\\". Referring to your close friend who is a Bishop as \\\"John\\\" or \\\"Marty\\\" in public circumstances is improper, and it will embarrass you.\\n\", \"In some countries the traditional practice of kissing the hand of a priest remains customary. Again, observe what is the practice in a given situation.\\n\", \"It should be noted that the Catholic colors are often confused with Eastern Orthodox colors. Although there are similarities in rites and liturgies, names, and titles, Eastern Orthodox is not Catholic.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Some clergy feel uncomfortable, for both theological and personal reasons, with insisting upon a title. Others prefer that a title be used. When in doubt, simply address them by the most formal title available and leave it to them to invite a less formal style of address.\\n\", \"Never extend your hand to anyone you do not know and never to a person of superior rank (keeping in mind that we are all Children of God and there are really no 'ranks' within the Church). In American parishes many priests greet the parishioners after Mass, with or without physical contact. When in doubt, leave it out.\\n\"]}]}}",
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1,218 | How to Address Christmas Card Envelopes | 1. Formatting the Envelope Properly
1-1. Use all caps to make a speedy delivery more likely.
While you may feel like using ALL CAPS makes your envelope labeling look too aggressive or loud, it’s the best way to make sure your Christmas card gets to the right place on time. The U.S. Postal Service, for instance, recommends labeling all addresses in capital letters, whether written or typed.
If you do want to use both capital and lowercase letters, focus on writing as neatly as possible. If you’re typing the addresses, use a large, easy-to-read font.
1-2. Write the recipient’s address in the center of the envelope.
While there are several similarities, the proper address formatting on an envelope varies somewhat based on if you’re sending the letter to the U.S., France, the U.K., or somewhere else. For instance, in the U.S., write the following in the center of the envelope:
Line 1: recipient’s name (MR. BEN SHAW)
Line 2: recipient’s title or other information, if needed (CONTENT DIRECTOR)
Line 3: recipient’s street address (1999 MARYLAND AVE)
Line 4: recipient’s apartment number or similar, if needed (SUITE 1A)
Line 5: recipient’s city, state, ZIP code (OAKMONT, PA 15139)
Line 6: write “USA” only if sending from outside the U.S.
1-3. Place your address at the top left corner of the envelope.
As with the recipient’s address, the particular formatting details will vary based on where you are located. In most cases, though, your return address should appear in the top left corner of the envelope and look similar in format to the recipient's address.
If, for example, you’re sending a Christmas card within the U.S., your return address format should mirror that of the recipient address: your name; your title, etc. (if needed); your street address; your apartment number, etc. (if needed); your city, state, and ZIP code.
Use smaller lettering when writing or typing the return address, but make sure it is large enough to be easily read.
1-4. Place the postage stamp at the top right corner of the envelope.
This positioning is fairly standard around the world, but check for the requirements of whatever postal services you'll be using, if necessary.
Make sure you have the necessary amount of postage for your card. Otherwise, your card will be sent back to you!
2. Addressing Envelopes to Individuals or Couples
2-1. Go with “Ms.
When writing to a man, it’s usually a safe bet to use “Mr.” You have more options when addressing women, however. Always use their preference, if you know it, or go with one of the following:
“Miss” is only used for unmarried girls under the age of 18.
“Mrs.” is only used for married women who share their spouse’s last name.
“Ms.” can refer to any adult woman, and is the safest option when you’re not sure what to use.
Keep in mind that some individuals don’t prefer any of these categorizations. If you think this may be the case and don’t know their preference, just use their first and last name (e.g., Mary Gray).
2-2. Write “Mr.
The most traditional option, if you have a married male and female couple, is “Mr. and Mrs. Pete Wright,” in that order and using only the man’s first name. Alternatively, you can try one of the following:
“Mr. Pete Wright and Mrs. Jane Wright” for a semi-traditional male-female option.
“Mrs. Jane Wright and Mr. Pete Wright” is somewhat less traditional, but fine to use.
Use “Mr. Pete Wright and Mr. Brad Wright” or “Mrs. Jane Wright and Mrs. Kelly Wright” for same-sex married couples, unless they have an alternate preference (e.g., “Mrs. and Mrs. Jane Wright”). You can also use “Ms.” instead of “Mrs.” (but use it in both cases).
2-3. Use “Mr.
This holds true whether the couple is married, engaged, or cohabiting. Traditionally, the man’s name comes first, but that’s no longer a hard and fast rule.
For example: “Mr. Ben Shaw and Ms. Ann Bowen” or “Ms. Ann Bowen and Mr. Ben Shaw.”
Don’t use “Mr. Ben Shaw and Mrs. Ann Bowen”—only pair “Mr.” and “Mrs.” when there’s a shared last name.
2-4. Address a widow by her spouse’s first name or her own.
Traditionally, a widowed woman is addressed by her late husband’s name—for example, “Mrs. Pete Wright.” However, it you’d rather use a slightly more modern but still formal style, address her as either “Mrs. Jane Wright” or “Ms. Jane Wright.”
If you don’t know the person’s specific preference, use your knowledge of them to choose what seems to be the appropriate option. For instance, a 90-year old widow who was married for 65 years might prefer “Mrs. Pete Wright” more than a 25-year old widow who was married for 2 years—but the opposite could be equally true!
Simply write “Mr. Pete Wright” for a male widower.
2-5. Prioritize titles like “Dr.
There’s an element of “rank” used in ordering names, and titles like “The Honorable” (for a judge) are considered higher “ranked” than a typical “Mr.” or “Ms.” Consider the following examples:
“Dr. Mary Gray and Mr. Ed Gray”
“Rev. and Mrs. Ed Gray” or “Rev. Ed Gray and Mrs. Mary Gray”
“Dr. Ed Gray and Dr. Mary Gray” or “Drs. Ed and Mary Gray”
“The Honorable Mary Gray and Dr. Ed Gray”—it’s not always clear which title “outranks” the other (unless you’re dealing with a military family, for instance), so use either their preference or your best judgment.
2-6. Try an informal style (without “Mr.
The fact of the matter is that there are a lot of etiquette rules for addressing various types of envelopes, but plenty of people feel like such rules are too “stuffy” for things like Christmas cards! If you fall into that category, use what feels comfortable to you, as well as what you think the recipient would appreciate.
For instance, just cut the Mr./Mrs./Ms. element, and titles altogether, and go with a simple “Ben and Ann Shaw” or “Ann and Ben Shaw,” “Ben Shaw and Ann Bowen,” “Ann and Jane Shaw” or “Ann Shaw and Jane Shaw,” and so on.
2-7. Add business titles for cards sent to business addresses.
If you are sending a Christmas card to a person’s place of business, write the address like you would for a business letter. That means you should include whatever titles they have that are related to the business.
For instance:
Mr. Pete Wright
Executive Director (add this on the second line)
Or:
Dr. Jane Wright
Chair, Department of History (on the second line)
3. Addressing Envelopes to Entire Families
3-1. Write the children’s first names on the second line for the traditional approach.
If you want your Christmas card envelope to look more traditional and formal, add the children’s first names separately on the second line after identifying the parents on the first line. For instance:
Mr. and Mrs. Pete Wright
Alex and Amy (or Alex, Amy, and Andrew)
3-2. Add “and Family” to the parents' names for a semi-formal approach.
Instead of the more traditional method of placing the children’s first names on the second line, you may want to try a simpler, one-line approach. You can do this simply by adding “and Family” after the parent or parents names—for instance, “Mr. and Ms. Ben Shaw and Family.”
You might feel that putting the kids’ names on the second line indicates that they have a secondary status, or that they’re an afterthought. However, by using “and Family,” you’re not actually identifying the children individually, so there are pros and cons to either approach.
This is a good method to use if you know your recipient has kids, but don’t know their names!
3-3. Opt for a less formal method, like “The Wright Family” or “The Wrights.”
While these are less formal approaches, they clearly indicate that you are sending your holiday greetings to the entire family as a whole. Just make sure you don’t use any apostrophes! It’s “The Smiths,” not the “Smith’s” and “The Joneses,” not “The Jones’.”
You might also want to combine the formal, semi-formal, and less formal approaches into a hybrid like this: “Ann, Ben, Alex, and Amy Shaw.” This cuts out all the titles and gives everyone in the family equal billing.
If the family has members with different last names, you can include them on the envelope, like saying, "The Shaw-Jones Family."
4. Making the Envelope More Festive
4-1. Write the address neatly by hand to personalize your card.
If you’re sending out hundreds of Christmas cards, it may be necessary to type out the addresses in order to save time. However, if it’s manageable, personalize your Christmas cards by writing the addresses by hand.
Postal services such as the USPS prefer that you use all caps, whether writing or typing the address.
Remember that neatness counts! Use your beautiful cursive writing inside the letter and stick to block capital letters on the envelope.
4-2. Use festive return address labels, if desired.
While it’s a nice touch to write your return address by hand as well, it’s also fine to use pre-printed address labels with a holiday theme. Make sure your return address is correct and easy to read, however.
Your return address typically goes in the top left corner of the envelope, but this may vary based on where you’re sending the letter.
Always include a return address. It makes it less likely that your card will be permanently lost in the mail, and it lets your recipient know who sent the card before they even open it.
See if your postal service has holiday-themed stamps for sale.
4-3. Avoid adding unnecessary images or wording to the front of the envelope.
Writing extra things like “Season’s Greetings” or “Happy Holidays” on the envelope may delay the delivery of your Christmas card. Place only the necessary address information on it so it’s easier for the postal service to sort and deliver.
The same goes for pictures of sleigh bells, Christmas trees, Nativity scenes, and the like.
Extra writing and images can confuse both machine readers and human sorters.
Tips
If you interact with someone primarily at their place of business, it’s considered polite to send Christmas cards or other greetings to their place of business. For instance, if you’re sending a card to your hairstylist, address it to their business location. However, if you’re friends with your hairstylist and interact with them outside their place of business, you can send the card to their home.[19]
X
Research source
If you plan on decorating your Christmas card envelopes with stickers or other embellishments, use decorations that respect the traditions of the recipient. Examples of appropriate embellishments are "Happy Holidays" or "Season's Greetings" stickers, as opposed to "Merry Christmas."
Warnings
If you are sending a Christmas card envelope decorated with stickers and embellishments to another country, your mail may be delayed arriving to the recipient, depending on that country's postal laws and requirements.
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Formatting the Envelope Properly\\n1-1. Use all caps to make a speedy delivery more likely.\\nWhile you may feel like using ALL CAPS makes your envelope labeling look too aggressive or loud, it’s the best way to make sure your Christmas card gets to the right place on time. The U.S. Postal Service, for instance, recommends labeling all addresses in capital letters, whether written or typed.\\nIf you do want to use both capital and lowercase letters, focus on writing as neatly as possible. If you’re typing the addresses, use a large, easy-to-read font.\\n1-2. Write the recipient’s address in the center of the envelope.\\nWhile there are several similarities, the proper address formatting on an envelope varies somewhat based on if you’re sending the letter to the U.S., France, the U.K., or somewhere else. For instance, in the U.S., write the following in the center of the envelope:\\nLine 1: recipient’s name (MR. BEN SHAW)\\nLine 2: recipient’s title or other information, if needed (CONTENT DIRECTOR)\\nLine 3: recipient’s street address (1999 MARYLAND AVE)\\nLine 4: recipient’s apartment number or similar, if needed (SUITE 1A)\\nLine 5: recipient’s city, state, ZIP code (OAKMONT, PA 15139)\\nLine 6: write “USA” only if sending from outside the U.S.\\n1-3. Place your address at the top left corner of the envelope.\\nAs with the recipient’s address, the particular formatting details will vary based on where you are located. In most cases, though, your return address should appear in the top left corner of the envelope and look similar in format to the recipient's address.\\nIf, for example, you’re sending a Christmas card within the U.S., your return address format should mirror that of the recipient address: your name; your title, etc. (if needed); your street address; your apartment number, etc. (if needed); your city, state, and ZIP code.\\nUse smaller lettering when writing or typing the return address, but make sure it is large enough to be easily read.\\n1-4. Place the postage stamp at the top right corner of the envelope.\\nThis positioning is fairly standard around the world, but check for the requirements of whatever postal services you'll be using, if necessary.\\nMake sure you have the necessary amount of postage for your card. Otherwise, your card will be sent back to you!\\n2. Addressing Envelopes to Individuals or Couples\\n2-1. Go with “Ms.\\nWhen writing to a man, it’s usually a safe bet to use “Mr.” You have more options when addressing women, however. Always use their preference, if you know it, or go with one of the following:\\n“Miss” is only used for unmarried girls under the age of 18.\\n“Mrs.” is only used for married women who share their spouse’s last name.\\n“Ms.” can refer to any adult woman, and is the safest option when you’re not sure what to use.\\nKeep in mind that some individuals don’t prefer any of these categorizations. If you think this may be the case and don’t know their preference, just use their first and last name (e.g., Mary Gray).\\n2-2. Write “Mr.\\nThe most traditional option, if you have a married male and female couple, is “Mr. and Mrs. Pete Wright,” in that order and using only the man’s first name. Alternatively, you can try one of the following:\\n“Mr. Pete Wright and Mrs. Jane Wright” for a semi-traditional male-female option.\\n“Mrs. Jane Wright and Mr. Pete Wright” is somewhat less traditional, but fine to use.\\nUse “Mr. Pete Wright and Mr. Brad Wright” or “Mrs. Jane Wright and Mrs. Kelly Wright” for same-sex married couples, unless they have an alternate preference (e.g., “Mrs. and Mrs. Jane Wright”). You can also use “Ms.” instead of “Mrs.” (but use it in both cases).\\n2-3. Use “Mr.\\nThis holds true whether the couple is married, engaged, or cohabiting. Traditionally, the man’s name comes first, but that’s no longer a hard and fast rule.\\nFor example: “Mr. Ben Shaw and Ms. Ann Bowen” or “Ms. Ann Bowen and Mr. Ben Shaw.”\\nDon’t use “Mr. Ben Shaw and Mrs. Ann Bowen”—only pair “Mr.” and “Mrs.” when there’s a shared last name.\\n2-4. Address a widow by her spouse’s first name or her own.\\nTraditionally, a widowed woman is addressed by her late husband’s name—for example, “Mrs. Pete Wright.” However, it you’d rather use a slightly more modern but still formal style, address her as either “Mrs. Jane Wright” or “Ms. Jane Wright.”\\nIf you don’t know the person’s specific preference, use your knowledge of them to choose what seems to be the appropriate option. For instance, a 90-year old widow who was married for 65 years might prefer “Mrs. Pete Wright” more than a 25-year old widow who was married for 2 years—but the opposite could be equally true!\\nSimply write “Mr. Pete Wright” for a male widower.\\n2-5. Prioritize titles like “Dr.\\nThere’s an element of “rank” used in ordering names, and titles like “The Honorable” (for a judge) are considered higher “ranked” than a typical “Mr.” or “Ms.” Consider the following examples:\\n“Dr. Mary Gray and Mr. Ed Gray”\\n“Rev. and Mrs. Ed Gray” or “Rev. Ed Gray and Mrs. Mary Gray”\\n“Dr. Ed Gray and Dr. Mary Gray” or “Drs. Ed and Mary Gray”\\n“The Honorable Mary Gray and Dr. Ed Gray”—it’s not always clear which title “outranks” the other (unless you’re dealing with a military family, for instance), so use either their preference or your best judgment.\\n2-6. Try an informal style (without “Mr.\\nThe fact of the matter is that there are a lot of etiquette rules for addressing various types of envelopes, but plenty of people feel like such rules are too “stuffy” for things like Christmas cards! If you fall into that category, use what feels comfortable to you, as well as what you think the recipient would appreciate.\\nFor instance, just cut the Mr./Mrs./Ms. element, and titles altogether, and go with a simple “Ben and Ann Shaw” or “Ann and Ben Shaw,” “Ben Shaw and Ann Bowen,” “Ann and Jane Shaw” or “Ann Shaw and Jane Shaw,” and so on.\\n2-7. Add business titles for cards sent to business addresses.\\nIf you are sending a Christmas card to a person’s place of business, write the address like you would for a business letter. That means you should include whatever titles they have that are related to the business.\\nFor instance:\\nMr. Pete Wright\\nExecutive Director (add this on the second line)\\n\\nOr:\\nDr. Jane Wright\\nChair, Department of History (on the second line)\\n3. Addressing Envelopes to Entire Families\\n3-1. Write the children’s first names on the second line for the traditional approach.\\nIf you want your Christmas card envelope to look more traditional and formal, add the children’s first names separately on the second line after identifying the parents on the first line. For instance:\\nMr. and Mrs. Pete Wright\\nAlex and Amy (or Alex, Amy, and Andrew)\\n3-2. Add “and Family” to the parents' names for a semi-formal approach.\\nInstead of the more traditional method of placing the children’s first names on the second line, you may want to try a simpler, one-line approach. You can do this simply by adding “and Family” after the parent or parents names—for instance, “Mr. and Ms. Ben Shaw and Family.”\\nYou might feel that putting the kids’ names on the second line indicates that they have a secondary status, or that they’re an afterthought. However, by using “and Family,” you’re not actually identifying the children individually, so there are pros and cons to either approach.\\nThis is a good method to use if you know your recipient has kids, but don’t know their names!\\n3-3. Opt for a less formal method, like “The Wright Family” or “The Wrights.”\\nWhile these are less formal approaches, they clearly indicate that you are sending your holiday greetings to the entire family as a whole. Just make sure you don’t use any apostrophes! It’s “The Smiths,” not the “Smith’s” and “The Joneses,” not “The Jones’.”\\nYou might also want to combine the formal, semi-formal, and less formal approaches into a hybrid like this: “Ann, Ben, Alex, and Amy Shaw.” This cuts out all the titles and gives everyone in the family equal billing.\\nIf the family has members with different last names, you can include them on the envelope, like saying, \\\"The Shaw-Jones Family.\\\"\\n4. Making the Envelope More Festive\\n4-1. Write the address neatly by hand to personalize your card.\\nIf you’re sending out hundreds of Christmas cards, it may be necessary to type out the addresses in order to save time. However, if it’s manageable, personalize your Christmas cards by writing the addresses by hand.\\nPostal services such as the USPS prefer that you use all caps, whether writing or typing the address.\\nRemember that neatness counts! Use your beautiful cursive writing inside the letter and stick to block capital letters on the envelope.\\n4-2. Use festive return address labels, if desired.\\nWhile it’s a nice touch to write your return address by hand as well, it’s also fine to use pre-printed address labels with a holiday theme. Make sure your return address is correct and easy to read, however.\\nYour return address typically goes in the top left corner of the envelope, but this may vary based on where you’re sending the letter.\\nAlways include a return address. It makes it less likely that your card will be permanently lost in the mail, and it lets your recipient know who sent the card before they even open it.\\nSee if your postal service has holiday-themed stamps for sale.\\n4-3. Avoid adding unnecessary images or wording to the front of the envelope.\\nWriting extra things like “Season’s Greetings” or “Happy Holidays” on the envelope may delay the delivery of your Christmas card. Place only the necessary address information on it so it’s easier for the postal service to sort and deliver.\\nThe same goes for pictures of sleigh bells, Christmas trees, Nativity scenes, and the like.\\nExtra writing and images can confuse both machine readers and human sorters.\\nTips\\nIf you interact with someone primarily at their place of business, it’s considered polite to send Christmas cards or other greetings to their place of business. For instance, if you’re sending a card to your hairstylist, address it to their business location. However, if you’re friends with your hairstylist and interact with them outside their place of business, you can send the card to their home.[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you plan on decorating your Christmas card envelopes with stickers or other embellishments, use decorations that respect the traditions of the recipient. Examples of appropriate embellishments are \\\"Happy Holidays\\\" or \\\"Season's Greetings\\\" stickers, as opposed to \\\"Merry Christmas.\\\"\\nWarnings\\nIf you are sending a Christmas card envelope decorated with stickers and embellishments to another country, your mail may be delayed arriving to the recipient, depending on that country's postal laws and requirements.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Sending Christmas cards is a cordial way of extending holiday wishes and greetings to friends, family, and colleagues. When it comes to addressing the envelopes for your Christmas cards, you may want to follow specific guidelines for proper addressing etiquette. Or, you may want to use a less formal approach. Either way, make sure to write the addresses clearly and properly so that your Christmas cards get to their destinations on time!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Formatting the Envelope Properly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use all caps to make a speedy delivery more likely.\", \"描述\": \"While you may feel like using ALL CAPS makes your envelope labeling look too aggressive or loud, it’s the best way to make sure your Christmas card gets to the right place on time. The U.S. Postal Service, for instance, recommends labeling all addresses in capital letters, whether written or typed.\\nIf you do want to use both capital and lowercase letters, focus on writing as neatly as possible. If you’re typing the addresses, use a large, easy-to-read font.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the recipient’s address in the center of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"While there are several similarities, the proper address formatting on an envelope varies somewhat based on if you’re sending the letter to the U.S., France, the U.K., or somewhere else. For instance, in the U.S., write the following in the center of the envelope:\\nLine 1: recipient’s name (MR. BEN SHAW)\\nLine 2: recipient’s title or other information, if needed (CONTENT DIRECTOR)\\nLine 3: recipient’s street address (1999 MARYLAND AVE)\\nLine 4: recipient’s apartment number or similar, if needed (SUITE 1A)\\nLine 5: recipient’s city, state, ZIP code (OAKMONT, PA 15139)\\nLine 6: write “USA” only if sending from outside the U.S.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place your address at the top left corner of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"As with the recipient’s address, the particular formatting details will vary based on where you are located. In most cases, though, your return address should appear in the top left corner of the envelope and look similar in format to the recipient's address.\\nIf, for example, you’re sending a Christmas card within the U.S., your return address format should mirror that of the recipient address: your name; your title, etc. (if needed); your street address; your apartment number, etc. (if needed); your city, state, and ZIP code.\\nUse smaller lettering when writing or typing the return address, but make sure it is large enough to be easily read.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Place the postage stamp at the top right corner of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"This positioning is fairly standard around the world, but check for the requirements of whatever postal services you'll be using, if necessary.\\nMake sure you have the necessary amount of postage for your card. Otherwise, your card will be sent back to you!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing Envelopes to Individuals or Couples\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go with “Ms.\", \"描述\": \"When writing to a man, it’s usually a safe bet to use “Mr.” You have more options when addressing women, however. Always use their preference, if you know it, or go with one of the following:\\n“Miss” is only used for unmarried girls under the age of 18.\\n“Mrs.” is only used for married women who share their spouse’s last name.\\n“Ms.” can refer to any adult woman, and is the safest option when you’re not sure what to use.\\nKeep in mind that some individuals don’t prefer any of these categorizations. If you think this may be the case and don’t know their preference, just use their first and last name (e.g., Mary Gray).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write “Mr.\", \"描述\": \"The most traditional option, if you have a married male and female couple, is “Mr. and Mrs. Pete Wright,” in that order and using only the man’s first name. Alternatively, you can try one of the following:\\n“Mr. Pete Wright and Mrs. Jane Wright” for a semi-traditional male-female option.\\n“Mrs. Jane Wright and Mr. Pete Wright” is somewhat less traditional, but fine to use.\\nUse “Mr. Pete Wright and Mr. Brad Wright” or “Mrs. Jane Wright and Mrs. Kelly Wright” for same-sex married couples, unless they have an alternate preference (e.g., “Mrs. and Mrs. Jane Wright”). You can also use “Ms.” instead of “Mrs.” (but use it in both cases).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use “Mr.\", \"描述\": \"This holds true whether the couple is married, engaged, or cohabiting. Traditionally, the man’s name comes first, but that’s no longer a hard and fast rule.\\nFor example: “Mr. Ben Shaw and Ms. Ann Bowen” or “Ms. Ann Bowen and Mr. Ben Shaw.”\\nDon’t use “Mr. Ben Shaw and Mrs. Ann Bowen”—only pair “Mr.” and “Mrs.” when there’s a shared last name.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address a widow by her spouse’s first name or her own.\", \"描述\": \"Traditionally, a widowed woman is addressed by her late husband’s name—for example, “Mrs. Pete Wright.” However, it you’d rather use a slightly more modern but still formal style, address her as either “Mrs. Jane Wright” or “Ms. Jane Wright.”\\nIf you don’t know the person’s specific preference, use your knowledge of them to choose what seems to be the appropriate option. For instance, a 90-year old widow who was married for 65 years might prefer “Mrs. Pete Wright” more than a 25-year old widow who was married for 2 years—but the opposite could be equally true!\\nSimply write “Mr. Pete Wright” for a male widower.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prioritize titles like “Dr.\", \"描述\": \"There’s an element of “rank” used in ordering names, and titles like “The Honorable” (for a judge) are considered higher “ranked” than a typical “Mr.” or “Ms.” Consider the following examples:\\n“Dr. Mary Gray and Mr. Ed Gray”\\n“Rev. and Mrs. Ed Gray” or “Rev. Ed Gray and Mrs. Mary Gray”\\n“Dr. Ed Gray and Dr. Mary Gray” or “Drs. Ed and Mary Gray”\\n“The Honorable Mary Gray and Dr. Ed Gray”—it’s not always clear which title “outranks” the other (unless you’re dealing with a military family, for instance), so use either their preference or your best judgment.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Try an informal style (without “Mr.\", \"描述\": \"The fact of the matter is that there are a lot of etiquette rules for addressing various types of envelopes, but plenty of people feel like such rules are too “stuffy” for things like Christmas cards! If you fall into that category, use what feels comfortable to you, as well as what you think the recipient would appreciate.\\nFor instance, just cut the Mr./Mrs./Ms. element, and titles altogether, and go with a simple “Ben and Ann Shaw” or “Ann and Ben Shaw,” “Ben Shaw and Ann Bowen,” “Ann and Jane Shaw” or “Ann Shaw and Jane Shaw,” and so on.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Add business titles for cards sent to business addresses.\", \"描述\": \"If you are sending a Christmas card to a person’s place of business, write the address like you would for a business letter. That means you should include whatever titles they have that are related to the business.\\nFor instance:\\nMr. Pete Wright\\nExecutive Director (add this on the second line)\\n\\nOr:\\nDr. Jane Wright\\nChair, Department of History (on the second line)\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing Envelopes to Entire Families\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the children’s first names on the second line for the traditional approach.\", \"描述\": \"If you want your Christmas card envelope to look more traditional and formal, add the children’s first names separately on the second line after identifying the parents on the first line. For instance:\\nMr. and Mrs. Pete Wright\\nAlex and Amy (or Alex, Amy, and Andrew)\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add “and Family” to the parents' names for a semi-formal approach.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of the more traditional method of placing the children’s first names on the second line, you may want to try a simpler, one-line approach. You can do this simply by adding “and Family” after the parent or parents names—for instance, “Mr. and Ms. Ben Shaw and Family.”\\nYou might feel that putting the kids’ names on the second line indicates that they have a secondary status, or that they’re an afterthought. However, by using “and Family,” you’re not actually identifying the children individually, so there are pros and cons to either approach.\\nThis is a good method to use if you know your recipient has kids, but don’t know their names!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Opt for a less formal method, like “The Wright Family” or “The Wrights.”\", \"描述\": \"While these are less formal approaches, they clearly indicate that you are sending your holiday greetings to the entire family as a whole. Just make sure you don’t use any apostrophes! It’s “The Smiths,” not the “Smith’s” and “The Joneses,” not “The Jones’.”\\nYou might also want to combine the formal, semi-formal, and less formal approaches into a hybrid like this: “Ann, Ben, Alex, and Amy Shaw.” This cuts out all the titles and gives everyone in the family equal billing.\\nIf the family has members with different last names, you can include them on the envelope, like saying, \\\"The Shaw-Jones Family.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Making the Envelope More Festive\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the address neatly by hand to personalize your card.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re sending out hundreds of Christmas cards, it may be necessary to type out the addresses in order to save time. However, if it’s manageable, personalize your Christmas cards by writing the addresses by hand.\\nPostal services such as the USPS prefer that you use all caps, whether writing or typing the address.\\nRemember that neatness counts! Use your beautiful cursive writing inside the letter and stick to block capital letters on the envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use festive return address labels, if desired.\", \"描述\": \"While it’s a nice touch to write your return address by hand as well, it’s also fine to use pre-printed address labels with a holiday theme. Make sure your return address is correct and easy to read, however.\\nYour return address typically goes in the top left corner of the envelope, but this may vary based on where you’re sending the letter.\\nAlways include a return address. It makes it less likely that your card will be permanently lost in the mail, and it lets your recipient know who sent the card before they even open it.\\nSee if your postal service has holiday-themed stamps for sale.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid adding unnecessary images or wording to the front of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Writing extra things like “Season’s Greetings” or “Happy Holidays” on the envelope may delay the delivery of your Christmas card. Place only the necessary address information on it so it’s easier for the postal service to sort and deliver.\\nThe same goes for pictures of sleigh bells, Christmas trees, Nativity scenes, and the like.\\nExtra writing and images can confuse both machine readers and human sorters.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you interact with someone primarily at their place of business, it’s considered polite to send Christmas cards or other greetings to their place of business. For instance, if you’re sending a card to your hairstylist, address it to their business location. However, if you’re friends with your hairstylist and interact with them outside their place of business, you can send the card to their home.[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you plan on decorating your Christmas card envelopes with stickers or other embellishments, use decorations that respect the traditions of the recipient. Examples of appropriate embellishments are \\\"Happy Holidays\\\" or \\\"Season's Greetings\\\" stickers, as opposed to \\\"Merry Christmas.\\\"\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you are sending a Christmas card envelope decorated with stickers and embellishments to another country, your mail may be delayed arriving to the recipient, depending on that country's postal laws and requirements.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,219 | How to Address Clasp Envelopes | 1. Addressing the Envelope
1-1. Consider using an adhesive label.
If the clasp on your envelope makes it difficult to write legibly, think about purchasing a self-adhering address label from the post office, dollar store, or a big box store. You can write on the label on a flat surface, then peel it off and affix it to the envelope. If you decide to write directly on the envelope, just continue to the next step.
The return address label should be smaller than the main address label.
1-2. Lay the envelope flat.
Before placing anything in the envelope, lay it flat with the clasp facing down. Run your hand across the envelope so you can feel where the clasp is.
1-3. Arrange the envelope in a landscape orientation.
Turn the envelope so the flap is on the right side.
1-4. Write the sender's address in the top-left corner.
Write your address in fairly small print, so you have plenty of space in the center of the envelope. Use the same address format as you would on a normal letter. This is the standard in the US, and similar format are used for most other countries:
Name of SenderStreet AddressApartment/Suite Number (if needed)CityState and Postal Code (a.k.a. ZIP code)Country (for international mail)
1-5. Write the recipient's address in the center.
Write the address where you'd like to send the envelope using the same format. Write this on the same side of the envelope, in large print.
If the clasp is located under the center, feel for it first to plan where to write. To avoid bumps, you might need to write this slightly off-center, or write so the clasp is in between two lines of the address.
1-6. Add optional instructions.
If you have extra instructions such as "Do not bend," write them once at the base of the front, and again on the back of the envelope.
If you're not sure whether you need to write "Air Mail" or a similar instruction, ask someone at the post office or look up instructions on the post office website.
2. Sealing the Envelope
2-1. Place your mail inside the envelope.
Flip the envelope open and slide your mail into the opening. Place the top edge of the document nearest the opening if possible.
2-2. Lift the clasp arms.
The most common type of clasp envelope has a butterfly clip with two metal arms. Unfold these so they stand straight up. You may need to pry them up using your fingernails.
If your envelope has two circles and a string instead, just close the flap and wrap the string tightly around the other circle instead.
2-3. Wet or peel the flap if necessary.
If your envelope has a strip of paper along the edge of the flap, peel this off to reveal the adhesive. If your flap has a lick-able strip, wet this slightly to make it sticky.
2-4. Push the metal clasps through the hole in the flap.
Lower the flap and adjust the metal arms so that they are positioned right beneath the hole. Push the hole over both arms. Seal the flap against the body of the envelope by running over the edge with your thumb.
2-5. Flatten and secure the arms.
Push the clasp arms outward again and flatten them against the flap. To prevent the clasp from catching on other mail, put a piece of tape over the arms.
2-6. Affix postage.
Apply the appropriate postage in the upper right-hand corner of the envelope, and your envelope is ready to mail. The exact postage required depends on the size and weight of the envelope, as instructed by your local post office. If you can't find instructions, just take the envelope to the post office and pay for postage over-the-counter.
Tips
Try to write in straight horizontal lines on the envelope. You may want to use a ruler and even draw guidelines lightly with a pencil to help you write straight.
If you have messy handwriting, write the addresses in capital print letters. You could also try printing out the address on a sticky label, or asking a friend with clearer handwriting to write the addresses for you.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Envelope\\n1-1. Consider using an adhesive label.\\nIf the clasp on your envelope makes it difficult to write legibly, think about purchasing a self-adhering address label from the post office, dollar store, or a big box store. You can write on the label on a flat surface, then peel it off and affix it to the envelope. If you decide to write directly on the envelope, just continue to the next step.\\nThe return address label should be smaller than the main address label.\\n1-2. Lay the envelope flat.\\nBefore placing anything in the envelope, lay it flat with the clasp facing down. Run your hand across the envelope so you can feel where the clasp is.\\n1-3. Arrange the envelope in a landscape orientation.\\nTurn the envelope so the flap is on the right side.\\n1-4. Write the sender's address in the top-left corner.\\nWrite your address in fairly small print, so you have plenty of space in the center of the envelope. Use the same address format as you would on a normal letter. This is the standard in the US, and similar format are used for most other countries:\\nName of SenderStreet AddressApartment/Suite Number (if needed)CityState and Postal Code (a.k.a. ZIP code)Country (for international mail)\\n1-5. Write the recipient's address in the center.\\nWrite the address where you'd like to send the envelope using the same format. Write this on the same side of the envelope, in large print.\\nIf the clasp is located under the center, feel for it first to plan where to write. To avoid bumps, you might need to write this slightly off-center, or write so the clasp is in between two lines of the address.\\n1-6. Add optional instructions.\\nIf you have extra instructions such as \\\"Do not bend,\\\" write them once at the base of the front, and again on the back of the envelope.\\nIf you're not sure whether you need to write \\\"Air Mail\\\" or a similar instruction, ask someone at the post office or look up instructions on the post office website.\\n2. Sealing the Envelope\\n2-1. Place your mail inside the envelope.\\nFlip the envelope open and slide your mail into the opening. Place the top edge of the document nearest the opening if possible.\\n2-2. Lift the clasp arms.\\nThe most common type of clasp envelope has a butterfly clip with two metal arms. Unfold these so they stand straight up. You may need to pry them up using your fingernails.\\nIf your envelope has two circles and a string instead, just close the flap and wrap the string tightly around the other circle instead.\\n2-3. Wet or peel the flap if necessary.\\nIf your envelope has a strip of paper along the edge of the flap, peel this off to reveal the adhesive. If your flap has a lick-able strip, wet this slightly to make it sticky.\\n2-4. Push the metal clasps through the hole in the flap.\\nLower the flap and adjust the metal arms so that they are positioned right beneath the hole. Push the hole over both arms. Seal the flap against the body of the envelope by running over the edge with your thumb.\\n2-5. Flatten and secure the arms.\\nPush the clasp arms outward again and flatten them against the flap. To prevent the clasp from catching on other mail, put a piece of tape over the arms.\\n2-6. Affix postage.\\nApply the appropriate postage in the upper right-hand corner of the envelope, and your envelope is ready to mail. The exact postage required depends on the size and weight of the envelope, as instructed by your local post office. If you can't find instructions, just take the envelope to the post office and pay for postage over-the-counter.\\nTips\\nTry to write in straight horizontal lines on the envelope. You may want to use a ruler and even draw guidelines lightly with a pencil to help you write straight.\\nIf you have messy handwriting, write the addresses in capital print letters. You could also try printing out the address on a sticky label, or asking a friend with clearer handwriting to write the addresses for you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Clasp envelopes get their name from the metal clasp that can be used to keep the envelope shut. These are usually larger than regular letter envelopes and can often can hold standard-sized documents with no folding required. The address rules are the same as of a regular envelope, but you may need to work around the position of the clasp to avoid wiggles in your handwriting.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider using an adhesive label.\", \"描述\": \"If the clasp on your envelope makes it difficult to write legibly, think about purchasing a self-adhering address label from the post office, dollar store, or a big box store. You can write on the label on a flat surface, then peel it off and affix it to the envelope. If you decide to write directly on the envelope, just continue to the next step.\\nThe return address label should be smaller than the main address label.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lay the envelope flat.\", \"描述\": \"Before placing anything in the envelope, lay it flat with the clasp facing down. Run your hand across the envelope so you can feel where the clasp is.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Arrange the envelope in a landscape orientation.\", \"描述\": \"Turn the envelope so the flap is on the right side.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write the sender's address in the top-left corner.\", \"描述\": \"Write your address in fairly small print, so you have plenty of space in the center of the envelope. Use the same address format as you would on a normal letter. This is the standard in the US, and similar format are used for most other countries:\\nName of SenderStreet AddressApartment/Suite Number (if needed)CityState and Postal Code (a.k.a. ZIP code)Country (for international mail)\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write the recipient's address in the center.\", \"描述\": \"Write the address where you'd like to send the envelope using the same format. Write this on the same side of the envelope, in large print.\\nIf the clasp is located under the center, feel for it first to plan where to write. To avoid bumps, you might need to write this slightly off-center, or write so the clasp is in between two lines of the address.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Add optional instructions.\", \"描述\": \"If you have extra instructions such as \\\"Do not bend,\\\" write them once at the base of the front, and again on the back of the envelope.\\nIf you're not sure whether you need to write \\\"Air Mail\\\" or a similar instruction, ask someone at the post office or look up instructions on the post office website.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sealing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Place your mail inside the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Flip the envelope open and slide your mail into the opening. Place the top edge of the document nearest the opening if possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lift the clasp arms.\", \"描述\": \"The most common type of clasp envelope has a butterfly clip with two metal arms. Unfold these so they stand straight up. You may need to pry them up using your fingernails.\\nIf your envelope has two circles and a string instead, just close the flap and wrap the string tightly around the other circle instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wet or peel the flap if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"If your envelope has a strip of paper along the edge of the flap, peel this off to reveal the adhesive. If your flap has a lick-able strip, wet this slightly to make it sticky.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Push the metal clasps through the hole in the flap.\", \"描述\": \"Lower the flap and adjust the metal arms so that they are positioned right beneath the hole. Push the hole over both arms. Seal the flap against the body of the envelope by running over the edge with your thumb.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Flatten and secure the arms.\", \"描述\": \"Push the clasp arms outward again and flatten them against the flap. To prevent the clasp from catching on other mail, put a piece of tape over the arms.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Affix postage.\", \"描述\": \"Apply the appropriate postage in the upper right-hand corner of the envelope, and your envelope is ready to mail. The exact postage required depends on the size and weight of the envelope, as instructed by your local post office. If you can't find instructions, just take the envelope to the post office and pay for postage over-the-counter.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try to write in straight horizontal lines on the envelope. You may want to use a ruler and even draw guidelines lightly with a pencil to help you write straight.\\n\", \"If you have messy handwriting, write the addresses in capital print letters. You could also try printing out the address on a sticky label, or asking a friend with clearer handwriting to write the addresses for you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,220 | How to Address College Recommendation Envelopes | 1. Addressing the Envelope
1-1. Find the address you need.
You will need to send your letter of recommendation to the admissions office at a college. If you're a student, you often have to provide your teacher with an addressed envelope when requesting a letter of recommendation, so make sure you know the proper address.
If you are a student, the address should be specified somewhere in the application instructions. You can also find the address of a college's admissions office online. However, you should call the office to double check this is the proper place to send application materials.
If you are a teacher, your student should be able to provide you with this information. If your student cannot provide the information, you can also check online and call the admissions office.
1-2. Print the address clearly on the envelope.
In the middle of the envelope, you should print the address of the administration office. Make sure to print clearly so the letter is delivered to the proper place. If you have sloppy handwriting, consider making a trip to a print shop to type and print out addressed envelopes.
The first line of the address should say something like, "Office of Admissions" or "Admissions Office." The second line should include which university the letter is being sent to, like "Michigan Technological University."
The third line should include the address of the admissions office. For example, "123 Maddison Street." The last line should include the city, state, and zip code. For example, "Houghton, Michigan 49931."
You can also use your own computer or a typewriter to print address labels for an envelope. This may be a good idea if you have sloppy handwriting.
1-3. Put the return address in the upper lefthand corner.
The return address is the address of the person writing the letter. If you're providing your teacher with an addressed envelope, you may need to ask for his or her personal address. However, it's usually safe to simply use your school's address. If you're filling out an application for a student, simply put your home address.
The first line should just be your name, or the name of your teacher. For example, "Elizabeth Hart."
The second line should include your address, or your teacher's address. For example, "262 Paulina Street."
The last line should include the city, state, and zip code. For example, "Chicago, Illinois 60657."
1-4. Include specific details on the envelope.
In order to assure the letter smoothly gets to the right place, include details on what the recommendation is for in the lower lefthand corner. Admissions offices get letters regarding things like scholarships in addition to applications for admission, so there may be multiple branches of an admissions office.
In the lower left hand corner, write "Re" followed by a colon.
From there, include some specific information about what the letter is regarding. You can write something like, "Letter of Reference for Jane Meyers, fall admission." If you're applying to something like early admission, it may be a good idea to include that information as well.
1-5. Make sure to include a stamp.
All letters require proper postage if you want them to be mailed. You can buy stamps at a post office, as well as many grocery stores and drug stores. Place a stamp in the upper righthand corner of your letter.
If an envelope contains materials beside a letter, you may need two stamps. If you're unsure of postage, go to a post office and ask. You want to make sure your letter is mailed successfully.
2. Drafting Your Salutation
2-1. Create a heading for your letter.
Most letters, especially formal letters like letters of recommendation, should include a heading. If you are writing a letter of recommendation for a student, include a heading one to one and a half inches from the top of the page.
On the right corner, print your full address. Words like "street" and "avenue" should be spelled out. You can abbreviate your state name, using US postal code abbreviations.
In the corresponding left corner, write the date the letter is being written. Make sure to spell out the month instead of using an abbreviation.
2-2. Try to figure out the correct name to use in your salutation.
It's best to include a specific name in your salutation, so try to find the name of the head of admissions. Personalizing a letter always appears the most professional.
Your best option is to ask the student who requested you write the letter. The school your student is applying to may have provided him or her with specific information on addressing letters of recommendation. It's always best to ask the student first before attempting to write your salutation on your own.
You also may be able to find the name of the head of admissions online. However, make sure the information is up-to-date. You do not want to address the letter to someone who is no longer affiliated with a given school.
2-3. Pick a general term if you cannot find a specific name.
If you are unable to locate that specific information, use a general term. For example, you could write, "Dear College Admissions Representatives."
Remember, being specific is important, so it's best to avoid things like, "To Whom It May Concern."
3. Following Protocol for Mailing Letters
3-1. Submit references separately from the rest of your materials.
In general, references should not be mailed in with your other application materials. Unless the college specifically requests all materials be sent in together, mail recommendations separately.
Usually, your teacher is responsible for mailing in his or her own letters. If there is a deadline, make sure to let your teacher know so he or she mails the letter out in time.
3-2. Double check that you have the correct address.
You want to be certain your letter goes to the right place. Check addresses carefully when filling out envelopes. If you're applying to multiple schools, it can get confusing, so double check the address before providing your teacher with an envelope.
3-3. Do not worry about letters arriving before your application.
Many students stress about letters arriving before the application has been sent in. People working at the admissions office understand materials arrive at different times, and file application materials together as they come in. As long as your letter's envelopes specifies this is an application letter for you, it will filed under your name. When the rest of your application materials arrive, they will be added to your file.
3-4. Confirm your letter has arrived.
You want to make sure your letter arrives at your school, as your application may not be accepted without a letter. See if there's a way to check up on your application materials online. Many schools accept online applications, and you may get a notification when your all your letters of recommendation have arrived.
Tips
Consider using labels to print the name and address, especially if your handwriting is not neat and easy to read.
Use an envelope that has your professional letterhead, if a specific envelope is not provided. This may increase the credibility of the applicant's reference when it reaches the admissions committee.
Check to make sure letters should be mailed in. Some schools may prefer letters be submitted electronically.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Envelope\\n1-1. Find the address you need.\\nYou will need to send your letter of recommendation to the admissions office at a college. If you're a student, you often have to provide your teacher with an addressed envelope when requesting a letter of recommendation, so make sure you know the proper address.\\nIf you are a student, the address should be specified somewhere in the application instructions. You can also find the address of a college's admissions office online. However, you should call the office to double check this is the proper place to send application materials.\\nIf you are a teacher, your student should be able to provide you with this information. If your student cannot provide the information, you can also check online and call the admissions office.\\n1-2. Print the address clearly on the envelope.\\nIn the middle of the envelope, you should print the address of the administration office. Make sure to print clearly so the letter is delivered to the proper place. If you have sloppy handwriting, consider making a trip to a print shop to type and print out addressed envelopes.\\nThe first line of the address should say something like, \\\"Office of Admissions\\\" or \\\"Admissions Office.\\\" The second line should include which university the letter is being sent to, like \\\"Michigan Technological University.\\\"\\nThe third line should include the address of the admissions office. For example, \\\"123 Maddison Street.\\\" The last line should include the city, state, and zip code. For example, \\\"Houghton, Michigan 49931.\\\"\\nYou can also use your own computer or a typewriter to print address labels for an envelope. This may be a good idea if you have sloppy handwriting.\\n1-3. Put the return address in the upper lefthand corner.\\nThe return address is the address of the person writing the letter. If you're providing your teacher with an addressed envelope, you may need to ask for his or her personal address. However, it's usually safe to simply use your school's address. If you're filling out an application for a student, simply put your home address.\\nThe first line should just be your name, or the name of your teacher. For example, \\\"Elizabeth Hart.\\\"\\nThe second line should include your address, or your teacher's address. For example, \\\"262 Paulina Street.\\\"\\nThe last line should include the city, state, and zip code. For example, \\\"Chicago, Illinois 60657.\\\"\\n1-4. Include specific details on the envelope.\\nIn order to assure the letter smoothly gets to the right place, include details on what the recommendation is for in the lower lefthand corner. Admissions offices get letters regarding things like scholarships in addition to applications for admission, so there may be multiple branches of an admissions office.\\nIn the lower left hand corner, write \\\"Re\\\" followed by a colon.\\nFrom there, include some specific information about what the letter is regarding. You can write something like, \\\"Letter of Reference for Jane Meyers, fall admission.\\\" If you're applying to something like early admission, it may be a good idea to include that information as well.\\n1-5. Make sure to include a stamp.\\nAll letters require proper postage if you want them to be mailed. You can buy stamps at a post office, as well as many grocery stores and drug stores. Place a stamp in the upper righthand corner of your letter.\\nIf an envelope contains materials beside a letter, you may need two stamps. If you're unsure of postage, go to a post office and ask. You want to make sure your letter is mailed successfully.\\n2. Drafting Your Salutation\\n2-1. Create a heading for your letter.\\nMost letters, especially formal letters like letters of recommendation, should include a heading. If you are writing a letter of recommendation for a student, include a heading one to one and a half inches from the top of the page.\\nOn the right corner, print your full address. Words like \\\"street\\\" and \\\"avenue\\\" should be spelled out. You can abbreviate your state name, using US postal code abbreviations.\\nIn the corresponding left corner, write the date the letter is being written. Make sure to spell out the month instead of using an abbreviation.\\n2-2. Try to figure out the correct name to use in your salutation.\\nIt's best to include a specific name in your salutation, so try to find the name of the head of admissions. Personalizing a letter always appears the most professional.\\nYour best option is to ask the student who requested you write the letter. The school your student is applying to may have provided him or her with specific information on addressing letters of recommendation. It's always best to ask the student first before attempting to write your salutation on your own.\\nYou also may be able to find the name of the head of admissions online. However, make sure the information is up-to-date. You do not want to address the letter to someone who is no longer affiliated with a given school.\\n2-3. Pick a general term if you cannot find a specific name.\\nIf you are unable to locate that specific information, use a general term. For example, you could write, \\\"Dear College Admissions Representatives.\\\"\\nRemember, being specific is important, so it's best to avoid things like, \\\"To Whom It May Concern.\\\"\\n3. Following Protocol for Mailing Letters\\n3-1. Submit references separately from the rest of your materials.\\nIn general, references should not be mailed in with your other application materials. Unless the college specifically requests all materials be sent in together, mail recommendations separately.\\nUsually, your teacher is responsible for mailing in his or her own letters. If there is a deadline, make sure to let your teacher know so he or she mails the letter out in time.\\n3-2. Double check that you have the correct address.\\nYou want to be certain your letter goes to the right place. Check addresses carefully when filling out envelopes. If you're applying to multiple schools, it can get confusing, so double check the address before providing your teacher with an envelope.\\n3-3. Do not worry about letters arriving before your application.\\nMany students stress about letters arriving before the application has been sent in. People working at the admissions office understand materials arrive at different times, and file application materials together as they come in. As long as your letter's envelopes specifies this is an application letter for you, it will filed under your name. When the rest of your application materials arrive, they will be added to your file.\\n3-4. Confirm your letter has arrived.\\nYou want to make sure your letter arrives at your school, as your application may not be accepted without a letter. See if there's a way to check up on your application materials online. Many schools accept online applications, and you may get a notification when your all your letters of recommendation have arrived.\\nTips\\nConsider using labels to print the name and address, especially if your handwriting is not neat and easy to read.\\nUse an envelope that has your professional letterhead, if a specific envelope is not provided. This may increase the credibility of the applicant's reference when it reaches the admissions committee.\\nCheck to make sure letters should be mailed in. Some schools may prefer letters be submitted electronically.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Letters of recommendation are an important component to any college application. Students must ask teachers and other counselors or mentors to write a letter to the school they want to attend, describing their intelligence, character and preparedness for undergraduate study. You want to make sure you address letters of recommendation correctly, so they arrive to the proper place. If you are a student, you may be required to provide addressed envelopes to your teachers after requesting letters of recommendation.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find the address you need.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to send your letter of recommendation to the admissions office at a college. If you're a student, you often have to provide your teacher with an addressed envelope when requesting a letter of recommendation, so make sure you know the proper address.\\nIf you are a student, the address should be specified somewhere in the application instructions. You can also find the address of a college's admissions office online. However, you should call the office to double check this is the proper place to send application materials.\\nIf you are a teacher, your student should be able to provide you with this information. If your student cannot provide the information, you can also check online and call the admissions office.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Print the address clearly on the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"In the middle of the envelope, you should print the address of the administration office. Make sure to print clearly so the letter is delivered to the proper place. If you have sloppy handwriting, consider making a trip to a print shop to type and print out addressed envelopes.\\nThe first line of the address should say something like, \\\"Office of Admissions\\\" or \\\"Admissions Office.\\\" The second line should include which university the letter is being sent to, like \\\"Michigan Technological University.\\\"\\nThe third line should include the address of the admissions office. For example, \\\"123 Maddison Street.\\\" The last line should include the city, state, and zip code. For example, \\\"Houghton, Michigan 49931.\\\"\\nYou can also use your own computer or a typewriter to print address labels for an envelope. This may be a good idea if you have sloppy handwriting.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put the return address in the upper lefthand corner.\", \"描述\": \"The return address is the address of the person writing the letter. If you're providing your teacher with an addressed envelope, you may need to ask for his or her personal address. However, it's usually safe to simply use your school's address. If you're filling out an application for a student, simply put your home address.\\nThe first line should just be your name, or the name of your teacher. For example, \\\"Elizabeth Hart.\\\"\\nThe second line should include your address, or your teacher's address. For example, \\\"262 Paulina Street.\\\"\\nThe last line should include the city, state, and zip code. For example, \\\"Chicago, Illinois 60657.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Include specific details on the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"In order to assure the letter smoothly gets to the right place, include details on what the recommendation is for in the lower lefthand corner. Admissions offices get letters regarding things like scholarships in addition to applications for admission, so there may be multiple branches of an admissions office.\\nIn the lower left hand corner, write \\\"Re\\\" followed by a colon.\\nFrom there, include some specific information about what the letter is regarding. You can write something like, \\\"Letter of Reference for Jane Meyers, fall admission.\\\" If you're applying to something like early admission, it may be a good idea to include that information as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make sure to include a stamp.\", \"描述\": \"All letters require proper postage if you want them to be mailed. You can buy stamps at a post office, as well as many grocery stores and drug stores. Place a stamp in the upper righthand corner of your letter.\\nIf an envelope contains materials beside a letter, you may need two stamps. If you're unsure of postage, go to a post office and ask. You want to make sure your letter is mailed successfully.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Drafting Your Salutation\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a heading for your letter.\", \"描述\": \"Most letters, especially formal letters like letters of recommendation, should include a heading. If you are writing a letter of recommendation for a student, include a heading one to one and a half inches from the top of the page.\\nOn the right corner, print your full address. Words like \\\"street\\\" and \\\"avenue\\\" should be spelled out. You can abbreviate your state name, using US postal code abbreviations.\\nIn the corresponding left corner, write the date the letter is being written. Make sure to spell out the month instead of using an abbreviation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try to figure out the correct name to use in your salutation.\", \"描述\": \"It's best to include a specific name in your salutation, so try to find the name of the head of admissions. Personalizing a letter always appears the most professional.\\nYour best option is to ask the student who requested you write the letter. The school your student is applying to may have provided him or her with specific information on addressing letters of recommendation. It's always best to ask the student first before attempting to write your salutation on your own.\\nYou also may be able to find the name of the head of admissions online. However, make sure the information is up-to-date. You do not want to address the letter to someone who is no longer affiliated with a given school.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pick a general term if you cannot find a specific name.\", \"描述\": \"If you are unable to locate that specific information, use a general term. For example, you could write, \\\"Dear College Admissions Representatives.\\\"\\nRemember, being specific is important, so it's best to avoid things like, \\\"To Whom It May Concern.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Following Protocol for Mailing Letters\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Submit references separately from the rest of your materials.\", \"描述\": \"In general, references should not be mailed in with your other application materials. Unless the college specifically requests all materials be sent in together, mail recommendations separately.\\nUsually, your teacher is responsible for mailing in his or her own letters. If there is a deadline, make sure to let your teacher know so he or she mails the letter out in time.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Double check that you have the correct address.\", \"描述\": \"You want to be certain your letter goes to the right place. Check addresses carefully when filling out envelopes. If you're applying to multiple schools, it can get confusing, so double check the address before providing your teacher with an envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do not worry about letters arriving before your application.\", \"描述\": \"Many students stress about letters arriving before the application has been sent in. People working at the admissions office understand materials arrive at different times, and file application materials together as they come in. As long as your letter's envelopes specifies this is an application letter for you, it will filed under your name. When the rest of your application materials arrive, they will be added to your file.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Confirm your letter has arrived.\", \"描述\": \"You want to make sure your letter arrives at your school, as your application may not be accepted without a letter. See if there's a way to check up on your application materials online. Many schools accept online applications, and you may get a notification when your all your letters of recommendation have arrived.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Consider using labels to print the name and address, especially if your handwriting is not neat and easy to read.\\n\", \"Use an envelope that has your professional letterhead, if a specific envelope is not provided. This may increase the credibility of the applicant's reference when it reaches the admissions committee.\\n\", \"Check to make sure letters should be mailed in. Some schools may prefer letters be submitted electronically.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,221 | How to Address College Recommendation Letters | 1. Addressing the Letter
1-1. Start with school or professional letterhead.
If your current position is relevant to the recommendation, use official letterhead if possible. That is, if you work for a school, use the school letterhead. If you supervise the student at volunteer position, use the nonprofit's letterhead. Doing so creates a sense of authority and makes the letter look more polished.
If you don't have letterhead with your address, your address goes at the top. You can use the school's address. You don't need to include your name, as that's included at the end of the letter. Just place the school name on one line, the street address on the next line, and the city, state, and zip code on the last line.
If you are submitting electronically, it's best to start with letterhead.
It should look like the following address: Muddy River High School 492 West Lane Big City, Arkansas 73234
1-2. Skip a line and add the date.
Leave a line between your address and the date. Write the month out in full, followed by the day of the month, a comma, and the year. In some countries, such as the UK, the day of the month will come before the month.
The date will look this way: January 28, 2017
In the UK and other countries, you should write it this way: 28 January 2017
1-3. Add the recipient's address.
Leave a line blank underneath the date. On the next line, place the person's name if you have it. Use "Dr." and other professional titles over "Mr." or "Ms.," but "Mr." or "Ms." is fine if you don't have a title for the person. You can also use "Mrs." and "Miss" if the person shows a preference for one of them, but default to "Ms." if you don't know what they prefer. Add the person's last name next.
The student should supply you with a list of addresses. If they don't, reach out to them to get addresses. Also, it's up to you whether you want to put the recipient's address on the letter when submitting electronically. If you don't, you'll just have the letterhead, the date, and the salutation.
Under the person's name, place the school's name and then the street address. Below that, add the city, state, and zip code.
If you don't know the name, you can use "Admission's Office" and the name of the school underneath it.
The address should look like this example:Dr. Jordan Jones College of the Pines 2948 Northlake Boulevard Big Buck City, Oregon 42343
1-4. Use a name in the salutation.
If at all possible, it's best to use a name in the salutation. Address him or her professionally by writing "Dear," followed by "Mr.," "Ms.," or "Dr." and the person's last name. Add a colon after the person's last name.
If you don't know the person's gender, you can either use a title (such as Dean) or the person's full name in place of "Mr." or "Ms."
The salutation should look like the following example: Dear Ms. Jones: or Dear Dr. Jones:
Alternatively, you could write one of the following: Dear Jordan Jones: or Dear Dean Jones:
Use "To Whom It May Concern" followed by a colon if you don't have a name.
1-5. Write the body of the letter.
After addressing the college recommendation letter, write the letter in support of the individual applying to college. Keep all text justified to the left, and use a line break between paragraphs.
2. Writing the Envelope
2-1. Use a letterhead envelope.
Just like with the letter, it's best to use professional letterhead if you have it. A pre-printed envelope looks more polished and authoritative than just a handwritten or even a typed envelope.
If you don't have a letterhead envelope, place your address in the upper left-hand corner, starting with your name on the first line, followed by the rest of the address on the next lines: Ms. Rebecca JohnsonMuddy River High School 492 West Lane Big City, Arkansas 73234
2-2. Add the recipient's address.
The recipient's address should go over to the right on the envelope, centered from top to bottom. Start with the recipient's name. If you don't know the person's name, start with the office, such as the Office of Admissions, followed by the school's name and the rest of the address on the next lines.
The address should look like the following example: Dr. Jordan Jones Office of Admissions College of the Pines 2948 Northlake Boulevard Big Buck City, Oregon 42343
2-3. Seal the envelope.
Often, a school will require you to seal and sign the envelope to verify that you wrote it. That just means that you sign it over the sealed edge of the envelope before sending it or giving it to the student to send.
2-4. Mail the letter on time.
Know the deadline for the letter, and make sure you send it in on time or give it to the student. Missing the deadline could mean the student will be rejected for that school.
Some schools will allow you to fax or email the letter. Check with the student to see if that's appropriate.
Tips
Some schools may request that you add the student's name under a "Re:" note on the outside of the letter, so it can be sorted easier.
Make sure the margins are consistent and the spacing is even. The beginning of each line should be flush to the left margin.
Before writing and printing a letter on regular paper, check to see if there is a specific form that must be used. Some college applications require recommendation letters to be submitted on a provided page.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Letter\\n1-1. Start with school or professional letterhead.\\nIf your current position is relevant to the recommendation, use official letterhead if possible. That is, if you work for a school, use the school letterhead. If you supervise the student at volunteer position, use the nonprofit's letterhead. Doing so creates a sense of authority and makes the letter look more polished.\\nIf you don't have letterhead with your address, your address goes at the top. You can use the school's address. You don't need to include your name, as that's included at the end of the letter. Just place the school name on one line, the street address on the next line, and the city, state, and zip code on the last line.\\nIf you are submitting electronically, it's best to start with letterhead.\\nIt should look like the following address: Muddy River High School 492 West Lane Big City, Arkansas 73234\\n1-2. Skip a line and add the date.\\nLeave a line between your address and the date. Write the month out in full, followed by the day of the month, a comma, and the year. In some countries, such as the UK, the day of the month will come before the month.\\nThe date will look this way: January 28, 2017\\nIn the UK and other countries, you should write it this way: 28 January 2017\\n1-3. Add the recipient's address.\\nLeave a line blank underneath the date. On the next line, place the person's name if you have it. Use \\\"Dr.\\\" and other professional titles over \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.,\\\" but \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" is fine if you don't have a title for the person. You can also use \\\"Mrs.\\\" and \\\"Miss\\\" if the person shows a preference for one of them, but default to \\\"Ms.\\\" if you don't know what they prefer. Add the person's last name next.\\nThe student should supply you with a list of addresses. If they don't, reach out to them to get addresses. Also, it's up to you whether you want to put the recipient's address on the letter when submitting electronically. If you don't, you'll just have the letterhead, the date, and the salutation.\\nUnder the person's name, place the school's name and then the street address. Below that, add the city, state, and zip code.\\nIf you don't know the name, you can use \\\"Admission's Office\\\" and the name of the school underneath it.\\nThe address should look like this example:Dr. Jordan Jones College of the Pines 2948 Northlake Boulevard Big Buck City, Oregon 42343\\n1-4. Use a name in the salutation.\\nIf at all possible, it's best to use a name in the salutation. Address him or her professionally by writing \\\"Dear,\\\" followed by \\\"Mr.,\\\" \\\"Ms.,\\\" or \\\"Dr.\\\" and the person's last name. Add a colon after the person's last name.\\nIf you don't know the person's gender, you can either use a title (such as Dean) or the person's full name in place of \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\"\\nThe salutation should look like the following example: Dear Ms. Jones: or Dear Dr. Jones:\\nAlternatively, you could write one of the following: Dear Jordan Jones: or Dear Dean Jones:\\nUse \\\"To Whom It May Concern\\\" followed by a colon if you don't have a name.\\n1-5. Write the body of the letter.\\nAfter addressing the college recommendation letter, write the letter in support of the individual applying to college. Keep all text justified to the left, and use a line break between paragraphs.\\n2. Writing the Envelope\\n2-1. Use a letterhead envelope.\\nJust like with the letter, it's best to use professional letterhead if you have it. A pre-printed envelope looks more polished and authoritative than just a handwritten or even a typed envelope.\\nIf you don't have a letterhead envelope, place your address in the upper left-hand corner, starting with your name on the first line, followed by the rest of the address on the next lines: Ms. Rebecca JohnsonMuddy River High School 492 West Lane Big City, Arkansas 73234\\n2-2. Add the recipient's address.\\nThe recipient's address should go over to the right on the envelope, centered from top to bottom. Start with the recipient's name. If you don't know the person's name, start with the office, such as the Office of Admissions, followed by the school's name and the rest of the address on the next lines.\\nThe address should look like the following example: Dr. Jordan Jones Office of Admissions College of the Pines 2948 Northlake Boulevard Big Buck City, Oregon 42343\\n2-3. Seal the envelope.\\nOften, a school will require you to seal and sign the envelope to verify that you wrote it. That just means that you sign it over the sealed edge of the envelope before sending it or giving it to the student to send.\\n2-4. Mail the letter on time.\\nKnow the deadline for the letter, and make sure you send it in on time or give it to the student. Missing the deadline could mean the student will be rejected for that school.\\nSome schools will allow you to fax or email the letter. Check with the student to see if that's appropriate.\\nTips\\nSome schools may request that you add the student's name under a \\\"Re:\\\" note on the outside of the letter, so it can be sorted easier.\\nMake sure the margins are consistent and the spacing is even. The beginning of each line should be flush to the left margin.\\nBefore writing and printing a letter on regular paper, check to see if there is a specific form that must be used. Some college applications require recommendation letters to be submitted on a provided page.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most college and university applications have a uniform application system for prospective students. When writing recommendation letters, you'll need to use a format consistent with each school's application. However, if the school doesn't request a standard format, you'll address the letter using a standard business letter format.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start with school or professional letterhead.\", \"描述\": \"If your current position is relevant to the recommendation, use official letterhead if possible. That is, if you work for a school, use the school letterhead. If you supervise the student at volunteer position, use the nonprofit's letterhead. Doing so creates a sense of authority and makes the letter look more polished.\\nIf you don't have letterhead with your address, your address goes at the top. You can use the school's address. You don't need to include your name, as that's included at the end of the letter. Just place the school name on one line, the street address on the next line, and the city, state, and zip code on the last line.\\nIf you are submitting electronically, it's best to start with letterhead.\\nIt should look like the following address: Muddy River High School 492 West Lane Big City, Arkansas 73234\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Skip a line and add the date.\", \"描述\": \"Leave a line between your address and the date. Write the month out in full, followed by the day of the month, a comma, and the year. In some countries, such as the UK, the day of the month will come before the month.\\nThe date will look this way: January 28, 2017\\nIn the UK and other countries, you should write it this way: 28 January 2017\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add the recipient's address.\", \"描述\": \"Leave a line blank underneath the date. On the next line, place the person's name if you have it. Use \\\"Dr.\\\" and other professional titles over \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.,\\\" but \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" is fine if you don't have a title for the person. You can also use \\\"Mrs.\\\" and \\\"Miss\\\" if the person shows a preference for one of them, but default to \\\"Ms.\\\" if you don't know what they prefer. Add the person's last name next.\\nThe student should supply you with a list of addresses. If they don't, reach out to them to get addresses. Also, it's up to you whether you want to put the recipient's address on the letter when submitting electronically. If you don't, you'll just have the letterhead, the date, and the salutation.\\nUnder the person's name, place the school's name and then the street address. Below that, add the city, state, and zip code.\\nIf you don't know the name, you can use \\\"Admission's Office\\\" and the name of the school underneath it.\\nThe address should look like this example:Dr. Jordan Jones College of the Pines 2948 Northlake Boulevard Big Buck City, Oregon 42343\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use a name in the salutation.\", \"描述\": \"If at all possible, it's best to use a name in the salutation. Address him or her professionally by writing \\\"Dear,\\\" followed by \\\"Mr.,\\\" \\\"Ms.,\\\" or \\\"Dr.\\\" and the person's last name. Add a colon after the person's last name.\\nIf you don't know the person's gender, you can either use a title (such as Dean) or the person's full name in place of \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\"\\nThe salutation should look like the following example: Dear Ms. Jones: or Dear Dr. Jones:\\nAlternatively, you could write one of the following: Dear Jordan Jones: or Dear Dean Jones:\\nUse \\\"To Whom It May Concern\\\" followed by a colon if you don't have a name.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write the body of the letter.\", \"描述\": \"After addressing the college recommendation letter, write the letter in support of the individual applying to college. Keep all text justified to the left, and use a line break between paragraphs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a letterhead envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Just like with the letter, it's best to use professional letterhead if you have it. A pre-printed envelope looks more polished and authoritative than just a handwritten or even a typed envelope.\\nIf you don't have a letterhead envelope, place your address in the upper left-hand corner, starting with your name on the first line, followed by the rest of the address on the next lines: Ms. Rebecca JohnsonMuddy River High School 492 West Lane Big City, Arkansas 73234\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add the recipient's address.\", \"描述\": \"The recipient's address should go over to the right on the envelope, centered from top to bottom. Start with the recipient's name. If you don't know the person's name, start with the office, such as the Office of Admissions, followed by the school's name and the rest of the address on the next lines.\\nThe address should look like the following example: Dr. Jordan Jones Office of Admissions College of the Pines 2948 Northlake Boulevard Big Buck City, Oregon 42343\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seal the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Often, a school will require you to seal and sign the envelope to verify that you wrote it. That just means that you sign it over the sealed edge of the envelope before sending it or giving it to the student to send.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Mail the letter on time.\", \"描述\": \"Know the deadline for the letter, and make sure you send it in on time or give it to the student. Missing the deadline could mean the student will be rejected for that school.\\nSome schools will allow you to fax or email the letter. Check with the student to see if that's appropriate.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Some schools may request that you add the student's name under a \\\"Re:\\\" note on the outside of the letter, so it can be sorted easier.\\n\", \"Make sure the margins are consistent and the spacing is even. The beginning of each line should be flush to the left margin.\\n\", \"Before writing and printing a letter on regular paper, check to see if there is a specific form that must be used. Some college applications require recommendation letters to be submitted on a provided page.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,222 | How to Address Doctors | 1. Writing Addresses or Invitations
1-1. Use “M.D.”
Depending on your regular routine, you may be filling out forms, checks, or other official documents that you send to your doctor. Write out their first name and surname, then add an “M.D.” suffix at the end, which notes the formal nature of whatever you’re filling out. When writing something official, only use “M.D.” to address your doctor, and not the “Dr.” prefix.
For instance, if you were filling out a check, you’d make it out to Clara Johnson, M.D.
1-2. Choose “Dr.”
Don’t worry about using both “M.D.” and “Dr.” in social letters, as this is a bit overkill. Instead, address the letter to “Dr.,” then the person’s first name and surname. Complete the rest of the address as you usually would, then you’ll be ready to send out the letter!
For example, if you’re filling out a wedding invitation, you can address it to:Dr. Dennis Matthews200 Main StreetSpringfield, New Hampshire, 00000
1-3. Include the person’s rank and branch when writing to a military doctor.
Think about the specific officer you’re writing to, and what branch of the military they currently serve as doctor in. For official correspondence, figure out which hospital or clinic they’re working at. In the letter header, simply use the individual’s military rank and last name to start off your message.
For instance, you may address a letter like this:CAPT Sarah H. Lewis, USNMCGeorge Washington Military Clinic200 Washington StreetAlexandria, VA, 00000
If you’re starting out the letter, you can address it as: “Dear Captain Lewis.”
1-4. Use “Dr.”
If you’re writing a social letter, like a wedding invitation, you don’t need to use “PhD.” Draft the rest of the address like you usually would, using the person’s first and last name, along with their street, city, and zip code.
For example, you can address a party invitation like this:Dr. David Meyers15 Mississippi AvenueSan Francisco, CA, 00000.
1-5. Opt for “PhD” when addressing a professional letter to a non-medical doctor.
Think about the boilerplate of your letter before drafting it out. If you’re writing to a professor or other academic about a recommendation or other official. Use the recipient’s first name and surname, along with the “PhD” suffix on the address portion of the envelope. It’s also best to use this suffix in the letter header, as well.
For instance, you may address a letter like this:Karen Michaelson, PhD1300 California BoulevardMiami, FL, 00000.
As a letter header, write something like: “Dear Karen Michaelson, PhD,.”
1-6. Refer to a married couple with the “Dr.”
If you’re drafting an invitation or other letter that’s going to a person with a doctorate as well as their spouse, use the “Dr.” prefix and a separate honorific for the individual’s partner. Fill out the rest of the address block as you normally would before sending the letter.
For example, you can address the letter like this:Dr. and Mrs. Matthew Richards700 Sycamore StreetLos Angeles, CA, 00000.
If the wife has a doctorate and the husband does not, address the envelope like this: “Dr. Elizabeth and Mr. Ken Derwin.”
2. Speaking Conversationally
2-1. Use “Dr.”
If you don’t know the individual well enough to call them by their first name, opt for their prefix and surname instead. Since you’re having a normal conversation, there’s no need to use “M.D.” or “PhD” when you address them.
For instance, you can say something like: “Good evening Dr. Morgan! How is your night going?”
2-2. Address military doctor as “Dr.
You can address a military doctor in the same way that you’d speak to any other medical doctor. Use the “Dr.” prefix along with their surname whenever you speak to them in person.
For instance, you may say something like: “Good morning Dr. Williams! Would I be able to talk with you about something?”
2-3. Opt for military rank if you don’t want to use “Dr.
While you can always use the “Dr.” prefix when speaking with a military doctor, you can always opt for something more efficient. Instead, use the individual’s military rank as a prefix when you speak to them.
For example, you can say “Hello Lieutenant Clark!” instead of saying “Hello Dr. Clark!”
Tips
Different people may have different preferences for letterheads. Follow a person’s specific request, if necessary.[9]
X
Research source
If you aren’t sure how to write something out, consider asking the doctor in question! It’s better to double-check than to address someone incorrectly by accident.
You should still refer to someone as Dr., even if they’re no longer practicing or don’t have a license.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Writing Addresses or Invitations\\n1-1. Use “M.D.”\\nDepending on your regular routine, you may be filling out forms, checks, or other official documents that you send to your doctor. Write out their first name and surname, then add an “M.D.” suffix at the end, which notes the formal nature of whatever you’re filling out. When writing something official, only use “M.D.” to address your doctor, and not the “Dr.” prefix.\\nFor instance, if you were filling out a check, you’d make it out to Clara Johnson, M.D.\\n1-2. Choose “Dr.”\\nDon’t worry about using both “M.D.” and “Dr.” in social letters, as this is a bit overkill. Instead, address the letter to “Dr.,” then the person’s first name and surname. Complete the rest of the address as you usually would, then you’ll be ready to send out the letter!\\nFor example, if you’re filling out a wedding invitation, you can address it to:Dr. Dennis Matthews200 Main StreetSpringfield, New Hampshire, 00000\\n1-3. Include the person’s rank and branch when writing to a military doctor.\\nThink about the specific officer you’re writing to, and what branch of the military they currently serve as doctor in. For official correspondence, figure out which hospital or clinic they’re working at. In the letter header, simply use the individual’s military rank and last name to start off your message.\\nFor instance, you may address a letter like this:CAPT Sarah H. Lewis, USNMCGeorge Washington Military Clinic200 Washington StreetAlexandria, VA, 00000\\nIf you’re starting out the letter, you can address it as: “Dear Captain Lewis.”\\n1-4. Use “Dr.”\\nIf you’re writing a social letter, like a wedding invitation, you don’t need to use “PhD.” Draft the rest of the address like you usually would, using the person’s first and last name, along with their street, city, and zip code.\\nFor example, you can address a party invitation like this:Dr. David Meyers15 Mississippi AvenueSan Francisco, CA, 00000.\\n1-5. Opt for “PhD” when addressing a professional letter to a non-medical doctor.\\nThink about the boilerplate of your letter before drafting it out. If you’re writing to a professor or other academic about a recommendation or other official. Use the recipient’s first name and surname, along with the “PhD” suffix on the address portion of the envelope. It’s also best to use this suffix in the letter header, as well.\\nFor instance, you may address a letter like this:Karen Michaelson, PhD1300 California BoulevardMiami, FL, 00000.\\nAs a letter header, write something like: “Dear Karen Michaelson, PhD,.”\\n1-6. Refer to a married couple with the “Dr.”\\nIf you’re drafting an invitation or other letter that’s going to a person with a doctorate as well as their spouse, use the “Dr.” prefix and a separate honorific for the individual’s partner. Fill out the rest of the address block as you normally would before sending the letter.\\nFor example, you can address the letter like this:Dr. and Mrs. Matthew Richards700 Sycamore StreetLos Angeles, CA, 00000.\\nIf the wife has a doctorate and the husband does not, address the envelope like this: “Dr. Elizabeth and Mr. Ken Derwin.”\\n2. Speaking Conversationally\\n2-1. Use “Dr.”\\nIf you don’t know the individual well enough to call them by their first name, opt for their prefix and surname instead. Since you’re having a normal conversation, there’s no need to use “M.D.” or “PhD” when you address them.\\nFor instance, you can say something like: “Good evening Dr. Morgan! How is your night going?”\\n2-2. Address military doctor as “Dr.\\nYou can address a military doctor in the same way that you’d speak to any other medical doctor. Use the “Dr.” prefix along with their surname whenever you speak to them in person.\\nFor instance, you may say something like: “Good morning Dr. Williams! Would I be able to talk with you about something?”\\n2-3. Opt for military rank if you don’t want to use “Dr.\\nWhile you can always use the “Dr.” prefix when speaking with a military doctor, you can always opt for something more efficient. Instead, use the individual’s military rank as a prefix when you speak to them.\\nFor example, you can say “Hello Lieutenant Clark!” instead of saying “Hello Dr. Clark!”\\nTips\\nDifferent people may have different preferences for letterheads. Follow a person’s specific request, if necessary.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you aren’t sure how to write something out, consider asking the doctor in question! It’s better to double-check than to address someone incorrectly by accident.\\nYou should still refer to someone as Dr., even if they’re no longer practicing or don’t have a license.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When you’re preparing an invitation, or navigating your way through a conversation, it can be difficult to know how to address a doctor properly. Thankfully, the rules of doctoral etiquette are really easy to suss out. With a little practice and repetition, you’ll be able to put your best foot forward in various social situations!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing Addresses or Invitations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use “M.D.”\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your regular routine, you may be filling out forms, checks, or other official documents that you send to your doctor. Write out their first name and surname, then add an “M.D.” suffix at the end, which notes the formal nature of whatever you’re filling out. When writing something official, only use “M.D.” to address your doctor, and not the “Dr.” prefix.\\nFor instance, if you were filling out a check, you’d make it out to Clara Johnson, M.D.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose “Dr.”\", \"描述\": \"Don’t worry about using both “M.D.” and “Dr.” in social letters, as this is a bit overkill. Instead, address the letter to “Dr.,” then the person’s first name and surname. Complete the rest of the address as you usually would, then you’ll be ready to send out the letter!\\nFor example, if you’re filling out a wedding invitation, you can address it to:Dr. Dennis Matthews200 Main StreetSpringfield, New Hampshire, 00000\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include the person’s rank and branch when writing to a military doctor.\", \"描述\": \"Think about the specific officer you’re writing to, and what branch of the military they currently serve as doctor in. For official correspondence, figure out which hospital or clinic they’re working at. In the letter header, simply use the individual’s military rank and last name to start off your message.\\nFor instance, you may address a letter like this:CAPT Sarah H. Lewis, USNMCGeorge Washington Military Clinic200 Washington StreetAlexandria, VA, 00000\\nIf you’re starting out the letter, you can address it as: “Dear Captain Lewis.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use “Dr.”\", \"描述\": \"If you’re writing a social letter, like a wedding invitation, you don’t need to use “PhD.” Draft the rest of the address like you usually would, using the person’s first and last name, along with their street, city, and zip code.\\nFor example, you can address a party invitation like this:Dr. David Meyers15 Mississippi AvenueSan Francisco, CA, 00000.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Opt for “PhD” when addressing a professional letter to a non-medical doctor.\", \"描述\": \"Think about the boilerplate of your letter before drafting it out. If you’re writing to a professor or other academic about a recommendation or other official. Use the recipient’s first name and surname, along with the “PhD” suffix on the address portion of the envelope. It’s also best to use this suffix in the letter header, as well.\\nFor instance, you may address a letter like this:Karen Michaelson, PhD1300 California BoulevardMiami, FL, 00000.\\nAs a letter header, write something like: “Dear Karen Michaelson, PhD,.”\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Refer to a married couple with the “Dr.”\", \"描述\": \"If you’re drafting an invitation or other letter that’s going to a person with a doctorate as well as their spouse, use the “Dr.” prefix and a separate honorific for the individual’s partner. Fill out the rest of the address block as you normally would before sending the letter.\\nFor example, you can address the letter like this:Dr. and Mrs. Matthew Richards700 Sycamore StreetLos Angeles, CA, 00000.\\nIf the wife has a doctorate and the husband does not, address the envelope like this: “Dr. Elizabeth and Mr. Ken Derwin.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Speaking Conversationally\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use “Dr.”\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t know the individual well enough to call them by their first name, opt for their prefix and surname instead. Since you’re having a normal conversation, there’s no need to use “M.D.” or “PhD” when you address them.\\nFor instance, you can say something like: “Good evening Dr. Morgan! How is your night going?”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address military doctor as “Dr.\", \"描述\": \"You can address a military doctor in the same way that you’d speak to any other medical doctor. Use the “Dr.” prefix along with their surname whenever you speak to them in person.\\nFor instance, you may say something like: “Good morning Dr. Williams! Would I be able to talk with you about something?”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Opt for military rank if you don’t want to use “Dr.\", \"描述\": \"While you can always use the “Dr.” prefix when speaking with a military doctor, you can always opt for something more efficient. Instead, use the individual’s military rank as a prefix when you speak to them.\\nFor example, you can say “Hello Lieutenant Clark!” instead of saying “Hello Dr. Clark!”\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Different people may have different preferences for letterheads. Follow a person’s specific request, if necessary.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you aren’t sure how to write something out, consider asking the doctor in question! It’s better to double-check than to address someone incorrectly by accident.\\n\", \"You should still refer to someone as Dr., even if they’re no longer practicing or don’t have a license.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,223 | How to Address Email with ATTN | 1. Adding ATTN to an Email
1-1. Begin the subject line with ATTN.
In some cases, such as a job application, you may only have a generic email for a company, but want to gain the attention of a particular person or department. The best way to do this is to write in the subject line as “ATTN: John Smith.”
Alternatively, if you do not know any names, you could write “ATTN: Hiring Manager” or “ATTN: Marketing Department.”
1-2. Include other pertinent information in the subject line.
Along with gaining the attention of a particular person or group of people, you should also include a few important details about the content of your email. This will make it more pertinent and it will likely be opened and read faster.
For instance, you could say “ATTN: John Smith re: Content Marking Position.”
1-3. Start the body of the email with ATTN when the subject line full.
You could also include an ATTN message in the body of an email or in an attached document. This way you are still communicating who the message is intended for and you can use the subject line solely to indicate the purpose of the email. This may be necessary when you are replying to an email and the subject line has already been created.
For example, you could start the body of the email by saying "ATTN: Sandeep Kumar"
You may want to include the ATTN indicator in both the subject line and body of the email.
2. Determining When to Use ATTN in Emails
2-1. Use ATTN when you don’t have the email address of the desired recipient.
If you do not known the direct email address of the person or department that you need to reach, you can send an email to the contact address provided on a company website. Then, you should indicate in the subject line, using ATTN, who the message should be directed to.
2-2. Include ATTN on internal communication.
Use ATTN when you are writing an internal memo that may be relevant to a number of people within your department or group, but requires the direct attention of one or two people. This way you are still keeping everyone informed, but are also prioritizing who the message directly speaks to.
You could write “ATTN: Mary Smith re: sales targets” but send the message to the entire sales team.
2-3. Indicate that your email is important by using ATTN.
You could also indicate that something needs immediate attention by using the acronym ATTN in your subject line. For example, you could write “Payroll statements require urgent ATTN.”
3. Ensuring Your Emails Gain Attention
3-1. Include a subject line.
When you are sending an email it is very important that you always include a subject line. This is an opportunity for you to make your email stand out and also provide some details about the content of the email. An email that doesn’t include a subject line is more likely to get deleted or lost in the inbox, or it will irritate the recipient because they are forced to open the email to find out what it is about.
3-2. Keep the subject line short.
Most email inboxes will only reveal about 60 characters from the subject line and a mobile phone will only show around 25 to 30 characters. As a result, you should keep the subject line short and write the most important information first.
Short forms, such as “ATTN” and “RE” make it easier to include more information in the subject line.
3-3. Write something catchy.
Inboxes are often flooded with spam and promotional material and many people delete emails before they are even opened. If you are emailing someone you don’t know directly, it is important for your email to stand out. You can catch the recipients attention by writing a catchy and creative subject line.
You could write “I do not want anything from you” if you are reaching out to someone you admire, but have never met personally. For example, this could be a favourite author or someone you look up to in your industry.
Alternatively, you could say “earn more money by expanding your client base.” This would be useful if you are looking to make business connections and want your emails to be opened.
3-4. Include important details.
It is very important that you always include important information about the content of the email. If you are writing an email to a co-working about a project, make sure to put the title of the project in the subject line. That way your co-worker will know what it is about and can prioritize it as necessary.
You can also say something like “response needed.” This will likely make your email more of a priority.
Alternatively, writing “quick question re: lunch meeting” will likely get attention because it indicates that it will be an easy response.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adding ATTN to an Email\\n1-1. Begin the subject line with ATTN.\\nIn some cases, such as a job application, you may only have a generic email for a company, but want to gain the attention of a particular person or department. The best way to do this is to write in the subject line as “ATTN: John Smith.”\\nAlternatively, if you do not know any names, you could write “ATTN: Hiring Manager” or “ATTN: Marketing Department.”\\n1-2. Include other pertinent information in the subject line.\\nAlong with gaining the attention of a particular person or group of people, you should also include a few important details about the content of your email. This will make it more pertinent and it will likely be opened and read faster.\\nFor instance, you could say “ATTN: John Smith re: Content Marking Position.”\\n1-3. Start the body of the email with ATTN when the subject line full.\\nYou could also include an ATTN message in the body of an email or in an attached document. This way you are still communicating who the message is intended for and you can use the subject line solely to indicate the purpose of the email. This may be necessary when you are replying to an email and the subject line has already been created.\\nFor example, you could start the body of the email by saying \\\"ATTN: Sandeep Kumar\\\"\\nYou may want to include the ATTN indicator in both the subject line and body of the email.\\n2. Determining When to Use ATTN in Emails\\n2-1. Use ATTN when you don’t have the email address of the desired recipient.\\nIf you do not known the direct email address of the person or department that you need to reach, you can send an email to the contact address provided on a company website. Then, you should indicate in the subject line, using ATTN, who the message should be directed to.\\n2-2. Include ATTN on internal communication.\\nUse ATTN when you are writing an internal memo that may be relevant to a number of people within your department or group, but requires the direct attention of one or two people. This way you are still keeping everyone informed, but are also prioritizing who the message directly speaks to.\\nYou could write “ATTN: Mary Smith re: sales targets” but send the message to the entire sales team.\\n2-3. Indicate that your email is important by using ATTN.\\nYou could also indicate that something needs immediate attention by using the acronym ATTN in your subject line. For example, you could write “Payroll statements require urgent ATTN.”\\n3. Ensuring Your Emails Gain Attention\\n3-1. Include a subject line.\\nWhen you are sending an email it is very important that you always include a subject line. This is an opportunity for you to make your email stand out and also provide some details about the content of the email. An email that doesn’t include a subject line is more likely to get deleted or lost in the inbox, or it will irritate the recipient because they are forced to open the email to find out what it is about.\\n3-2. Keep the subject line short.\\nMost email inboxes will only reveal about 60 characters from the subject line and a mobile phone will only show around 25 to 30 characters. As a result, you should keep the subject line short and write the most important information first.\\nShort forms, such as “ATTN” and “RE” make it easier to include more information in the subject line.\\n3-3. Write something catchy.\\nInboxes are often flooded with spam and promotional material and many people delete emails before they are even opened. If you are emailing someone you don’t know directly, it is important for your email to stand out. You can catch the recipients attention by writing a catchy and creative subject line.\\nYou could write “I do not want anything from you” if you are reaching out to someone you admire, but have never met personally. For example, this could be a favourite author or someone you look up to in your industry.\\nAlternatively, you could say “earn more money by expanding your client base.” This would be useful if you are looking to make business connections and want your emails to be opened.\\n3-4. Include important details.\\nIt is very important that you always include important information about the content of the email. If you are writing an email to a co-working about a project, make sure to put the title of the project in the subject line. That way your co-worker will know what it is about and can prioritize it as necessary.\\nYou can also say something like “response needed.” This will likely make your email more of a priority.\\nAlternatively, writing “quick question re: lunch meeting” will likely get attention because it indicates that it will be an easy response.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"ATTN is a short form of the word “attention” and is commonly used in emails and written correspondence to indicate the intended recipient. The best way to use ATTN in email correspondence is by including this in the subject line. This way it is clear who the message is for and it is more likely that your email will be read by the correct recipient.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adding ATTN to an Email\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Begin the subject line with ATTN.\", \"描述\": \"In some cases, such as a job application, you may only have a generic email for a company, but want to gain the attention of a particular person or department. The best way to do this is to write in the subject line as “ATTN: John Smith.”\\nAlternatively, if you do not know any names, you could write “ATTN: Hiring Manager” or “ATTN: Marketing Department.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include other pertinent information in the subject line.\", \"描述\": \"Along with gaining the attention of a particular person or group of people, you should also include a few important details about the content of your email. This will make it more pertinent and it will likely be opened and read faster.\\nFor instance, you could say “ATTN: John Smith re: Content Marking Position.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start the body of the email with ATTN when the subject line full.\", \"描述\": \"You could also include an ATTN message in the body of an email or in an attached document. This way you are still communicating who the message is intended for and you can use the subject line solely to indicate the purpose of the email. This may be necessary when you are replying to an email and the subject line has already been created.\\nFor example, you could start the body of the email by saying \\\"ATTN: Sandeep Kumar\\\"\\nYou may want to include the ATTN indicator in both the subject line and body of the email.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determining When to Use ATTN in Emails\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use ATTN when you don’t have the email address of the desired recipient.\", \"描述\": \"If you do not known the direct email address of the person or department that you need to reach, you can send an email to the contact address provided on a company website. Then, you should indicate in the subject line, using ATTN, who the message should be directed to.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include ATTN on internal communication.\", \"描述\": \"Use ATTN when you are writing an internal memo that may be relevant to a number of people within your department or group, but requires the direct attention of one or two people. This way you are still keeping everyone informed, but are also prioritizing who the message directly speaks to.\\nYou could write “ATTN: Mary Smith re: sales targets” but send the message to the entire sales team.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Indicate that your email is important by using ATTN.\", \"描述\": \"You could also indicate that something needs immediate attention by using the acronym ATTN in your subject line. For example, you could write “Payroll statements require urgent ATTN.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ensuring Your Emails Gain Attention\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Include a subject line.\", \"描述\": \"When you are sending an email it is very important that you always include a subject line. This is an opportunity for you to make your email stand out and also provide some details about the content of the email. An email that doesn’t include a subject line is more likely to get deleted or lost in the inbox, or it will irritate the recipient because they are forced to open the email to find out what it is about.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep the subject line short.\", \"描述\": \"Most email inboxes will only reveal about 60 characters from the subject line and a mobile phone will only show around 25 to 30 characters. As a result, you should keep the subject line short and write the most important information first.\\nShort forms, such as “ATTN” and “RE” make it easier to include more information in the subject line.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write something catchy.\", \"描述\": \"Inboxes are often flooded with spam and promotional material and many people delete emails before they are even opened. If you are emailing someone you don’t know directly, it is important for your email to stand out. You can catch the recipients attention by writing a catchy and creative subject line.\\nYou could write “I do not want anything from you” if you are reaching out to someone you admire, but have never met personally. For example, this could be a favourite author or someone you look up to in your industry.\\nAlternatively, you could say “earn more money by expanding your client base.” This would be useful if you are looking to make business connections and want your emails to be opened.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Include important details.\", \"描述\": \"It is very important that you always include important information about the content of the email. If you are writing an email to a co-working about a project, make sure to put the title of the project in the subject line. That way your co-worker will know what it is about and can prioritize it as necessary.\\nYou can also say something like “response needed.” This will likely make your email more of a priority.\\nAlternatively, writing “quick question re: lunch meeting” will likely get attention because it indicates that it will be an easy response.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,224 | How to Address Envelopes With Attn | 1. Addressing the Envelope
1-1. Write "Attn" followed by the name of the recipient.
The "Attn" line should always appear at the very top of your delivery address, just before the name of the person you're sending it to. Use a colon after "Attn" to make it clearly readable. This line signifies to the mail carrier exactly for whom the letter is intended.
For example, write "Attn: John Smith," where "John Smith" is replaced with your recipient's name.
As an alternative, you can write out the full word "attention."
1-2. Write the business or organization name next.
The name of the company where the person works goes underneath the "Attn" line. The company name should be written on the second line of the destination address.
If the company is large and the person to whom you're writing works for a particular department, include the department name on a line of it's own before you write the company name.
Not including the company name on the envelope will not usually prevent your letter from being delivered. However, your letter will look less professional, and may not get delivered promptly if you don't include the company name.
1-3. Add the street address beneath the company name.
The full street address should be added in a single line. Make sure to include any directional signs (such as "east" or "west"), suite number, or unit number. Suite and unit numbers should not be placed on a separate line unless absolutely necessary.
Make sure you know the exact street address where your recipient works. Many businesses that are located in multi-story or other large buildings will include a suite number in their address. Including this number is crucial.
1-4. Fill in the city, state, and postal code on the bottom line.
If you know the "ZIP+4" postal code, include it to further ensure that your letter reaches the correct address.
1-5. Check your address to ensure it is correct.
When you're satisfied that all the details are right, put a stamp in the upper righthand corner and send your letter.
Tips
Different countries have different preferred addressing standards.[6]
X
Research source
While the general format will be similar, you should check with your country's postal service for exact specifications.
A similar convention to "Attn" is "c/o," which stands for "care of." This marking is used to designate an intermediary who is responsible for delivering the mail to the intended recipient. For example, imagine you need to mail an envelope to John Smith, but only have the address for his mother Mary Smith. To address the envelope, write "John Smith" on the top line, "c/o Mary Smith" on the next line, and Mary's full address on the remaining lines.[7]
X
Research source
It is preferred by most postal services that you address your envelopes using all capital letters. This produces a more reliable result from the mail processing equipment.[8]
X
Research source
Warnings
Do not write the "Attn" line underneath the street address or city. Mail processing machines scan destination addresses from the bottom line up, so adding a line underneath the city may misdirect your letter.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Envelope\\n1-1. Write \\\"Attn\\\" followed by the name of the recipient.\\nThe \\\"Attn\\\" line should always appear at the very top of your delivery address, just before the name of the person you're sending it to. Use a colon after \\\"Attn\\\" to make it clearly readable. This line signifies to the mail carrier exactly for whom the letter is intended.\\nFor example, write \\\"Attn: John Smith,\\\" where \\\"John Smith\\\" is replaced with your recipient's name.\\nAs an alternative, you can write out the full word \\\"attention.\\\"\\n1-2. Write the business or organization name next.\\nThe name of the company where the person works goes underneath the \\\"Attn\\\" line. The company name should be written on the second line of the destination address.\\nIf the company is large and the person to whom you're writing works for a particular department, include the department name on a line of it's own before you write the company name.\\nNot including the company name on the envelope will not usually prevent your letter from being delivered. However, your letter will look less professional, and may not get delivered promptly if you don't include the company name.\\n1-3. Add the street address beneath the company name.\\nThe full street address should be added in a single line. Make sure to include any directional signs (such as \\\"east\\\" or \\\"west\\\"), suite number, or unit number. Suite and unit numbers should not be placed on a separate line unless absolutely necessary.\\nMake sure you know the exact street address where your recipient works. Many businesses that are located in multi-story or other large buildings will include a suite number in their address. Including this number is crucial.\\n1-4. Fill in the city, state, and postal code on the bottom line.\\nIf you know the \\\"ZIP+4\\\" postal code, include it to further ensure that your letter reaches the correct address.\\n1-5. Check your address to ensure it is correct.\\nWhen you're satisfied that all the details are right, put a stamp in the upper righthand corner and send your letter.\\nTips\\nDifferent countries have different preferred addressing standards.[6]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n While the general format will be similar, you should check with your country's postal service for exact specifications.\\nA similar convention to \\\"Attn\\\" is \\\"c/o,\\\" which stands for \\\"care of.\\\" This marking is used to designate an intermediary who is responsible for delivering the mail to the intended recipient. For example, imagine you need to mail an envelope to John Smith, but only have the address for his mother Mary Smith. To address the envelope, write \\\"John Smith\\\" on the top line, \\\"c/o Mary Smith\\\" on the next line, and Mary's full address on the remaining lines.[7]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIt is preferred by most postal services that you address your envelopes using all capital letters. This produces a more reliable result from the mail processing equipment.[8]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nDo not write the \\\"Attn\\\" line underneath the street address or city. Mail processing machines scan destination addresses from the bottom line up, so adding a line underneath the city may misdirect your letter.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're mailing a letter to someone's place of business, addressing it with \\\"Attn,\\\" short for \\\"attention,\\\" will help ensure it falls into the right hands. Addressing an envelope with \\\"Attn\\\" is easy once you know what to do.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write \\\"Attn\\\" followed by the name of the recipient.\", \"描述\": \"The \\\"Attn\\\" line should always appear at the very top of your delivery address, just before the name of the person you're sending it to. Use a colon after \\\"Attn\\\" to make it clearly readable. This line signifies to the mail carrier exactly for whom the letter is intended.\\nFor example, write \\\"Attn: John Smith,\\\" where \\\"John Smith\\\" is replaced with your recipient's name.\\nAs an alternative, you can write out the full word \\\"attention.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the business or organization name next.\", \"描述\": \"The name of the company where the person works goes underneath the \\\"Attn\\\" line. The company name should be written on the second line of the destination address.\\nIf the company is large and the person to whom you're writing works for a particular department, include the department name on a line of it's own before you write the company name.\\nNot including the company name on the envelope will not usually prevent your letter from being delivered. However, your letter will look less professional, and may not get delivered promptly if you don't include the company name.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add the street address beneath the company name.\", \"描述\": \"The full street address should be added in a single line. Make sure to include any directional signs (such as \\\"east\\\" or \\\"west\\\"), suite number, or unit number. Suite and unit numbers should not be placed on a separate line unless absolutely necessary.\\nMake sure you know the exact street address where your recipient works. Many businesses that are located in multi-story or other large buildings will include a suite number in their address. Including this number is crucial.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fill in the city, state, and postal code on the bottom line.\", \"描述\": \"If you know the \\\"ZIP+4\\\" postal code, include it to further ensure that your letter reaches the correct address.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check your address to ensure it is correct.\", \"描述\": \"When you're satisfied that all the details are right, put a stamp in the upper righthand corner and send your letter.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Different countries have different preferred addressing standards.[6]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n While the general format will be similar, you should check with your country's postal service for exact specifications.\\n\", \"A similar convention to \\\"Attn\\\" is \\\"c/o,\\\" which stands for \\\"care of.\\\" This marking is used to designate an intermediary who is responsible for delivering the mail to the intended recipient. For example, imagine you need to mail an envelope to John Smith, but only have the address for his mother Mary Smith. To address the envelope, write \\\"John Smith\\\" on the top line, \\\"c/o Mary Smith\\\" on the next line, and Mary's full address on the remaining lines.[7]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"It is preferred by most postal services that you address your envelopes using all capital letters. This produces a more reliable result from the mail processing equipment.[8]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not write the \\\"Attn\\\" line underneath the street address or city. Mail processing machines scan destination addresses from the bottom line up, so adding a line underneath the city may misdirect your letter.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,225 | How to Address Envelopes to Canada | 1. Addressing Personal Envelopes
1-1. Print the name of the recipient.
Write the name on the middle front portion of the envelope and be sure to leave plenty of space above and below this line. If applicable, include honorific titles like Mr., Mrs., Dr., or Esquire.
Postal services generally prefer for all addresses to be written in uppercase or block letters.
1-2. Print any other additional address lines below.
For example, you may want to print the hotel, business, or department name to ensure the letter reaches the right recipient.
1-3. Write the apartment number and street address on the next line.
Write the apartment or unit number, followed by a hyphen and then a street address. For example, 2-234 Pine St. N
Canadian addresses should not include punctuation. It is important to write addresses correctly, because many addresses are read by sorting machines. If it is addressed legibly according to Canada's postal conventions, it will arrive at the destination more quickly.
1-4. Find the correct postal and province code.
Canadian addresses have specific postal and province codes for different parts of the country. Before writing out the address, you must find out what the specific codes, including the correct abbreviation of the provinces are.
If the person you are writing to hasn’t already given you this information, you can find out by visiting USPS website or the Canada Post website
1-5. Write the city, province and postal code on the next line.
Be sure to write them out in that exact order and place 2 spaces between the province and the postal code.
1-6. Write Canada in the last line.
The country name should always be the last line of the address, unless you are already sending your mail from Canada, in which case this line is not necessary.
The following is an address correctly written, with the line breaks separated by commas. Rachel Platt, PEARSON EDITORIAL INC., 2-234 Pine St. N, TORONTO ON M5V 1J2
1-7. Write your return address.
The return address is necessary so that the recipient knows where to address their response. Be sure to write the address legibly.
Write your return address following the same format. The only difference is the placement, be sure to write it in the upper left hand corner of your envelope. You can also place it in the middle of the back flap of the envelope.
If you are writing an American address, do not use periods for abbreviations or commas. Use the 2 letter state symbol. Place the abbreviation USA underneath the last line that includes your city, state and zip code.
If you are writing an international address from a country other than the USA, write the full name of the country on the line below the line that includes the city and postal code. For example, you would address the envelope to the United Kingdom, rather than writing "UK."
2. Addressing Business Envelopes
2-1. Write the name of the person on the top line.
Start the address line in the middle front of the envelope. It may be more business appropriate to add an honorific prefix, such as “Mr.” “Ms.” or "Dr." before the name of the person.
2-2. Write the business or department name.
List the person's title at their company, then the business name on the next line.
2-3. Fill in additional address information.
This may include an apartment or unit number, followed by a hyphen and then a street address.
2-4. Find the correct postal and province code.
Canadian addresses have specific postal and province codes for different parts of the country. Before writing out the address, you must find out what the specific codes, including the correct abbreviation of the provinces.
If the person or business you are writing to hasn’t already given you this information, you can find out by visiting USPS website or the Canada Post website.
2-5. Write the city, province and postal code on the next line.
Place 1 space between the city and the province and 2 spaces between the province and the postal code.
2-6. Write Canada in the last line.
The country name should always be the last line of the address, unless you are already sending your mail from Canada, in which case this line is not necessary.
2-7. Write the return address.
In the upper left hand corner, write out your return address, following the same format as the recipient’s address.
2-8. Be mindful of spacing.
When writing or typing the address, be sure to leave 15 mm (0.6 inches) of space on each side of the envelope. There must be 40 mm (1.6 inches) of space from the top of the envelope and 19 mm (0.75 inches) of blank space from the bottom of the envelope.
Write all business addresses in uppercase letters. If possible, you may want to use a computer to simply type and print the address as this can decrease the processing time.
If you have a graphic or logo on your envelope, it must be placed to the left of the address. You must ensure you have the same amount of space left from the edge with the logo included.
Tips
The number of stamps or cost of postage depends on a number of factors, including the size and weight of the envelope as well as where you are mailing it to and from. To calculate the postage price, you can use the Canada Post Rate Calculator.[14]
X
Research source
If you are writing to a French address in Canada, do not translate it. Write it as it is listed in French. Canada's postal system is bi-lingual.
If you are mailing to a post office box, replace the street with the words "PO Box" and the number.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing Personal Envelopes\\n1-1. Print the name of the recipient.\\nWrite the name on the middle front portion of the envelope and be sure to leave plenty of space above and below this line. If applicable, include honorific titles like Mr., Mrs., Dr., or Esquire.\\nPostal services generally prefer for all addresses to be written in uppercase or block letters.\\n1-2. Print any other additional address lines below.\\nFor example, you may want to print the hotel, business, or department name to ensure the letter reaches the right recipient.\\n1-3. Write the apartment number and street address on the next line.\\nWrite the apartment or unit number, followed by a hyphen and then a street address. For example, 2-234 Pine St. N\\nCanadian addresses should not include punctuation. It is important to write addresses correctly, because many addresses are read by sorting machines. If it is addressed legibly according to Canada's postal conventions, it will arrive at the destination more quickly.\\n1-4. Find the correct postal and province code.\\nCanadian addresses have specific postal and province codes for different parts of the country. Before writing out the address, you must find out what the specific codes, including the correct abbreviation of the provinces are.\\nIf the person you are writing to hasn’t already given you this information, you can find out by visiting USPS website or the Canada Post website\\n1-5. Write the city, province and postal code on the next line.\\nBe sure to write them out in that exact order and place 2 spaces between the province and the postal code.\\n1-6. Write Canada in the last line.\\nThe country name should always be the last line of the address, unless you are already sending your mail from Canada, in which case this line is not necessary.\\nThe following is an address correctly written, with the line breaks separated by commas. Rachel Platt, PEARSON EDITORIAL INC., 2-234 Pine St. N, TORONTO ON M5V 1J2\\n1-7. Write your return address.\\nThe return address is necessary so that the recipient knows where to address their response. Be sure to write the address legibly.\\nWrite your return address following the same format. The only difference is the placement, be sure to write it in the upper left hand corner of your envelope. You can also place it in the middle of the back flap of the envelope.\\nIf you are writing an American address, do not use periods for abbreviations or commas. Use the 2 letter state symbol. Place the abbreviation USA underneath the last line that includes your city, state and zip code.\\nIf you are writing an international address from a country other than the USA, write the full name of the country on the line below the line that includes the city and postal code. For example, you would address the envelope to the United Kingdom, rather than writing \\\"UK.\\\"\\n2. Addressing Business Envelopes\\n2-1. Write the name of the person on the top line.\\nStart the address line in the middle front of the envelope. It may be more business appropriate to add an honorific prefix, such as “Mr.” “Ms.” or \\\"Dr.\\\" before the name of the person.\\n2-2. Write the business or department name.\\nList the person's title at their company, then the business name on the next line.\\n2-3. Fill in additional address information.\\nThis may include an apartment or unit number, followed by a hyphen and then a street address.\\n2-4. Find the correct postal and province code.\\nCanadian addresses have specific postal and province codes for different parts of the country. Before writing out the address, you must find out what the specific codes, including the correct abbreviation of the provinces.\\nIf the person or business you are writing to hasn’t already given you this information, you can find out by visiting USPS website or the Canada Post website.\\n2-5. Write the city, province and postal code on the next line.\\nPlace 1 space between the city and the province and 2 spaces between the province and the postal code.\\n2-6. Write Canada in the last line.\\nThe country name should always be the last line of the address, unless you are already sending your mail from Canada, in which case this line is not necessary.\\n2-7. Write the return address.\\nIn the upper left hand corner, write out your return address, following the same format as the recipient’s address.\\n2-8. Be mindful of spacing.\\nWhen writing or typing the address, be sure to leave 15 mm (0.6 inches) of space on each side of the envelope. There must be 40 mm (1.6 inches) of space from the top of the envelope and 19 mm (0.75 inches) of blank space from the bottom of the envelope.\\nWrite all business addresses in uppercase letters. If possible, you may want to use a computer to simply type and print the address as this can decrease the processing time.\\nIf you have a graphic or logo on your envelope, it must be placed to the left of the address. You must ensure you have the same amount of space left from the edge with the logo included.\\nTips\\nThe number of stamps or cost of postage depends on a number of factors, including the size and weight of the envelope as well as where you are mailing it to and from. To calculate the postage price, you can use the Canada Post Rate Calculator.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you are writing to a French address in Canada, do not translate it. Write it as it is listed in French. Canada's postal system is bi-lingual.\\nIf you are mailing to a post office box, replace the street with the words \\\"PO Box\\\" and the number.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Canada's main postal system is called the Canada Post or Postes Canada. This mail service uses similar conventions to both the United States and United Kingdom postal systems; however, there are some differences. This article will tell you how to address envelopes to Canada.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing Personal Envelopes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Print the name of the recipient.\", \"描述\": \"Write the name on the middle front portion of the envelope and be sure to leave plenty of space above and below this line. If applicable, include honorific titles like Mr., Mrs., Dr., or Esquire.\\nPostal services generally prefer for all addresses to be written in uppercase or block letters.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Print any other additional address lines below.\", \"描述\": \"For example, you may want to print the hotel, business, or department name to ensure the letter reaches the right recipient.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write the apartment number and street address on the next line.\", \"描述\": \"Write the apartment or unit number, followed by a hyphen and then a street address. For example, 2-234 Pine St. N\\nCanadian addresses should not include punctuation. It is important to write addresses correctly, because many addresses are read by sorting machines. If it is addressed legibly according to Canada's postal conventions, it will arrive at the destination more quickly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find the correct postal and province code.\", \"描述\": \"Canadian addresses have specific postal and province codes for different parts of the country. Before writing out the address, you must find out what the specific codes, including the correct abbreviation of the provinces are.\\nIf the person you are writing to hasn’t already given you this information, you can find out by visiting USPS website or the Canada Post website\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write the city, province and postal code on the next line.\", \"描述\": \"Be sure to write them out in that exact order and place 2 spaces between the province and the postal code.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Write Canada in the last line.\", \"描述\": \"The country name should always be the last line of the address, unless you are already sending your mail from Canada, in which case this line is not necessary.\\nThe following is an address correctly written, with the line breaks separated by commas. Rachel Platt, PEARSON EDITORIAL INC., 2-234 Pine St. N, TORONTO ON M5V 1J2\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Write your return address.\", \"描述\": \"The return address is necessary so that the recipient knows where to address their response. Be sure to write the address legibly.\\nWrite your return address following the same format. The only difference is the placement, be sure to write it in the upper left hand corner of your envelope. You can also place it in the middle of the back flap of the envelope.\\nIf you are writing an American address, do not use periods for abbreviations or commas. Use the 2 letter state symbol. Place the abbreviation USA underneath the last line that includes your city, state and zip code.\\nIf you are writing an international address from a country other than the USA, write the full name of the country on the line below the line that includes the city and postal code. For example, you would address the envelope to the United Kingdom, rather than writing \\\"UK.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing Business Envelopes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the name of the person on the top line.\", \"描述\": \"Start the address line in the middle front of the envelope. It may be more business appropriate to add an honorific prefix, such as “Mr.” “Ms.” or \\\"Dr.\\\" before the name of the person.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the business or department name.\", \"描述\": \"List the person's title at their company, then the business name on the next line.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fill in additional address information.\", \"描述\": \"This may include an apartment or unit number, followed by a hyphen and then a street address.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find the correct postal and province code.\", \"描述\": \"Canadian addresses have specific postal and province codes for different parts of the country. Before writing out the address, you must find out what the specific codes, including the correct abbreviation of the provinces.\\nIf the person or business you are writing to hasn’t already given you this information, you can find out by visiting USPS website or the Canada Post website.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write the city, province and postal code on the next line.\", \"描述\": \"Place 1 space between the city and the province and 2 spaces between the province and the postal code.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Write Canada in the last line.\", \"描述\": \"The country name should always be the last line of the address, unless you are already sending your mail from Canada, in which case this line is not necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Write the return address.\", \"描述\": \"In the upper left hand corner, write out your return address, following the same format as the recipient’s address.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Be mindful of spacing.\", \"描述\": \"When writing or typing the address, be sure to leave 15 mm (0.6 inches) of space on each side of the envelope. There must be 40 mm (1.6 inches) of space from the top of the envelope and 19 mm (0.75 inches) of blank space from the bottom of the envelope.\\nWrite all business addresses in uppercase letters. If possible, you may want to use a computer to simply type and print the address as this can decrease the processing time.\\nIf you have a graphic or logo on your envelope, it must be placed to the left of the address. You must ensure you have the same amount of space left from the edge with the logo included.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The number of stamps or cost of postage depends on a number of factors, including the size and weight of the envelope as well as where you are mailing it to and from. To calculate the postage price, you can use the Canada Post Rate Calculator.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you are writing to a French address in Canada, do not translate it. Write it as it is listed in French. Canada's postal system is bi-lingual.\\n\", \"If you are mailing to a post office box, replace the street with the words \\\"PO Box\\\" and the number.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,226 | How to Address Envelopes to Japan | 1. Using Vertical Envelopes
1-1. Address the letter to the recipient.
The recipient’s address goes on the side of the envelope without a flap. Write the postal code in the boxes at the top. The mailing address should be written beneath the postal code boxes, top-to-bottom, right-to-left. After the address, write the recipient’s name.
Organize address information from largest to smallest. An out-of-country letter might be addressed: JAPAN, Tochigi-ken, Utsunomiya-shi, Minemachi, 2-chome, 1.
The order of information is more important than its location on certain lines. Kanji (Japanese pictograms) can shorten some addresses to a single line, while others might take several.
The postal codes used in Japanese addresses generally contain 7 digits (as in: 123 - 4567). Since few Japanese streets have names, a street name is rarely included.
1-2. Double check the Japanese address.
Whether it’s a handwritten message to a pen pal or Christmas pictures to your host family, you don’t want your envelope being sent to the wrong place. Perform an online search for the address to make sure you’ve written everything correctly.
Be sure to write “Japan” very prominently with the recipient’s address information. To make it especially hard to miss, write it in caps!
If you’re concerned you might have made a mistake, you might be able to cut and paste the address written out in Japanese from an online map search.
1-3. Include your return address.
Turn your envelope over flap side up. Your postal code numbers go in the boxes at the bottom of the envelope. Write your address above the rightmost box in the same top-to-bottom, right-to-left pattern as before. Follow the address with your name.
When sending a letter to Japan from a foreign country, make sure you clearly write your home country in English. This will increase the chances of the letter being returned should it be undeliverable.
The format of your return address does not have to follow the Japanese style of large-to-small if you live outside of Japan.
1-4. Add a stamp and send it off.
But first, take a good look at the addresses. Does everything look right? For those of you writing from outside of Japan: is your home country clearly written? If so, turn it over to the side with the recipient’s address (the flapless side) and put a stamp in the upper left corner.
You should only need postage from your home country to send an envelope to Japan, though this may differ from country to country. Ask at your local post office.
Postage is weight-rated inside Japan. Expect a two-sheet letter in a normal envelope to cost about 90 yen or 110 yen airmail.
2. Using Horizontal Envelopes
2-1. Write out the recipient’s address.
Lay the envelope so its flapless side is facing up. Jot the postal code at about the center. Follow that with the recipient’s address, moving from the largest unit of information to the smallest (country, prefecture, city…). Follow this with the recipient’s name.
Because horizontal envelopes carry a Western association, they are generally written according to Western convention: left-to-right, top-to-bottom.
If you’re mailing this letter from outside of Japan, make sure you clearly write “Japan” at the top of the address.
2-2. Fill in your return address information.
Same as you would for a normal envelope, you’re going to fill in your return address into in the upper left corner of the flapless side. If you’re sending the letter from outside of Japan, clearly indicate your home country in English at the top of your address.
It’s a matter of preference, but some people write the address on the flapless side and the return address on the flap side, similar to how one would for a vertical envelope.
2-3. Flip the envelope to make a horizontal envelope vertical, alternatively.
Turn a horizontal envelope on its side to make it into a vertical one. Treat this side-flap envelope exactly as you would a normal vertical envelope: recipient address goes on the flapless side, the return address on the flap side.
3. Improving Your Japanese Letter Writing
3-1. Familiarize yourself with common mailing suffixes.
You’ll see some suffixes over and over again in addresses and letters. There are quite a few, so don’t feel like you need to know them all, but some of the most common include:
City • shi • 市
County • gun • 郡
Master/madam • sama • 様
Neighborhood subarea • chōme • 丁目
Number (in a series) • ban • 番
Prefecture/state • ken • 県
Room • shitsu • 室
Town/neighborhood • machi/chō • 町
Wards (subdivisions for big cities) • ku • 区
3-2. Make use of seasonal phrases and expressions.
There are many seasonal phrases and expressions you can use to get a letter started out. These might be just the thing you need if you’re not sure how to begin a letter. Some common examples follow:
寒さひとしお 身にしみる 今日このごろ • samusa hitoshio minishimiru kyou konogoro • In this time of piercing cold…
春の 日うららかな 今日このごろ • haru no hi uraraka na kyou konogoro • In this time of beautiful spring days…
厳しい 残暑が 続いておりますが • kibishii zansho ga tsudzuite orimasu ga • The oppressive heat continues to linger…
3-3. Follow Japanese polite writing practices.
Your writing says a lot about you in Japanese culture, so you should take your time when writing messages by hand. Avoid pencil or marker and write in blue or black ink. White stationery is preferred, especially if you’re sending a letter to a superior.
Avoid writing messages or names in red ink, as this can carry negative implications for many Japanese.
3-4. Learn to read Japanese.
Where language is concerned, there are always going to be exceptions to the rules. The better you know Japanese, the more prepared you’ll be to overcome these challenges when they arise.
Take a Japanese language or culture class offered by a local Japanese cultural organization. Many cross cultural events are sponsored by the Japanese consulate.
Tips
The basic order for Japanese addresses can be summarized as follows: postal code, prefecture, city, ward, sub-area, block, and building. After that comes the name.
If you have received an address that is typed in Japanese, you may be able to print it onto the envelope or print it and tape it to the envelope.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Vertical Envelopes\\n1-1. Address the letter to the recipient.\\nThe recipient’s address goes on the side of the envelope without a flap. Write the postal code in the boxes at the top. The mailing address should be written beneath the postal code boxes, top-to-bottom, right-to-left. After the address, write the recipient’s name.\\nOrganize address information from largest to smallest. An out-of-country letter might be addressed: JAPAN, Tochigi-ken, Utsunomiya-shi, Minemachi, 2-chome, 1.\\nThe order of information is more important than its location on certain lines. Kanji (Japanese pictograms) can shorten some addresses to a single line, while others might take several.\\nThe postal codes used in Japanese addresses generally contain 7 digits (as in: 123 - 4567). Since few Japanese streets have names, a street name is rarely included.\\n1-2. Double check the Japanese address.\\nWhether it’s a handwritten message to a pen pal or Christmas pictures to your host family, you don’t want your envelope being sent to the wrong place. Perform an online search for the address to make sure you’ve written everything correctly.\\nBe sure to write “Japan” very prominently with the recipient’s address information. To make it especially hard to miss, write it in caps!\\nIf you’re concerned you might have made a mistake, you might be able to cut and paste the address written out in Japanese from an online map search.\\n1-3. Include your return address.\\nTurn your envelope over flap side up. Your postal code numbers go in the boxes at the bottom of the envelope. Write your address above the rightmost box in the same top-to-bottom, right-to-left pattern as before. Follow the address with your name.\\nWhen sending a letter to Japan from a foreign country, make sure you clearly write your home country in English. This will increase the chances of the letter being returned should it be undeliverable.\\nThe format of your return address does not have to follow the Japanese style of large-to-small if you live outside of Japan.\\n1-4. Add a stamp and send it off.\\nBut first, take a good look at the addresses. Does everything look right? For those of you writing from outside of Japan: is your home country clearly written? If so, turn it over to the side with the recipient’s address (the flapless side) and put a stamp in the upper left corner.\\nYou should only need postage from your home country to send an envelope to Japan, though this may differ from country to country. Ask at your local post office.\\nPostage is weight-rated inside Japan. Expect a two-sheet letter in a normal envelope to cost about 90 yen or 110 yen airmail.\\n2. Using Horizontal Envelopes\\n2-1. Write out the recipient’s address.\\nLay the envelope so its flapless side is facing up. Jot the postal code at about the center. Follow that with the recipient’s address, moving from the largest unit of information to the smallest (country, prefecture, city…). Follow this with the recipient’s name.\\nBecause horizontal envelopes carry a Western association, they are generally written according to Western convention: left-to-right, top-to-bottom.\\nIf you’re mailing this letter from outside of Japan, make sure you clearly write “Japan” at the top of the address.\\n2-2. Fill in your return address information.\\nSame as you would for a normal envelope, you’re going to fill in your return address into in the upper left corner of the flapless side. If you’re sending the letter from outside of Japan, clearly indicate your home country in English at the top of your address.\\nIt’s a matter of preference, but some people write the address on the flapless side and the return address on the flap side, similar to how one would for a vertical envelope.\\n2-3. Flip the envelope to make a horizontal envelope vertical, alternatively.\\nTurn a horizontal envelope on its side to make it into a vertical one. Treat this side-flap envelope exactly as you would a normal vertical envelope: recipient address goes on the flapless side, the return address on the flap side.\\n3. Improving Your Japanese Letter Writing\\n3-1. Familiarize yourself with common mailing suffixes.\\nYou’ll see some suffixes over and over again in addresses and letters. There are quite a few, so don’t feel like you need to know them all, but some of the most common include:\\nCity • shi • 市\\nCounty • gun • 郡\\nMaster/madam • sama • 様\\nNeighborhood subarea • chōme • 丁目\\nNumber (in a series) • ban • 番\\nPrefecture/state • ken • 県\\nRoom • shitsu • 室\\nTown/neighborhood • machi/chō • 町\\nWards (subdivisions for big cities) • ku • 区\\n3-2. Make use of seasonal phrases and expressions.\\nThere are many seasonal phrases and expressions you can use to get a letter started out. These might be just the thing you need if you’re not sure how to begin a letter. Some common examples follow:\\n寒さひとしお 身にしみる 今日このごろ • samusa hitoshio minishimiru kyou konogoro • In this time of piercing cold…\\n春の 日うららかな 今日このごろ • haru no hi uraraka na kyou konogoro • In this time of beautiful spring days…\\n厳しい 残暑が 続いておりますが • kibishii zansho ga tsudzuite orimasu ga • The oppressive heat continues to linger…\\n3-3. Follow Japanese polite writing practices.\\nYour writing says a lot about you in Japanese culture, so you should take your time when writing messages by hand. Avoid pencil or marker and write in blue or black ink. White stationery is preferred, especially if you’re sending a letter to a superior. \\nAvoid writing messages or names in red ink, as this can carry negative implications for many Japanese.\\n3-4. Learn to read Japanese.\\nWhere language is concerned, there are always going to be exceptions to the rules. The better you know Japanese, the more prepared you’ll be to overcome these challenges when they arise.\\nTake a Japanese language or culture class offered by a local Japanese cultural organization. Many cross cultural events are sponsored by the Japanese consulate.\\nTips\\nThe basic order for Japanese addresses can be summarized as follows: postal code, prefecture, city, ward, sub-area, block, and building. After that comes the name.\\nIf you have received an address that is typed in Japanese, you may be able to print it onto the envelope or print it and tape it to the envelope.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Depending on your home country, the way you address envelopes might be completely different from how it’s done in Japan. Generally, address information is organized from large to small in Japanese. How this info is formatted will depend largely on whether you’re using a vertical envelope or a horizontal one. Should you see more letters to Japan in your future, you might want to polish up your letter writing skills by practicing things like common Japanese mail suffixes.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Vertical Envelopes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the letter to the recipient.\", \"描述\": \"The recipient’s address goes on the side of the envelope without a flap. Write the postal code in the boxes at the top. The mailing address should be written beneath the postal code boxes, top-to-bottom, right-to-left. After the address, write the recipient’s name.\\nOrganize address information from largest to smallest. An out-of-country letter might be addressed: JAPAN, Tochigi-ken, Utsunomiya-shi, Minemachi, 2-chome, 1.\\nThe order of information is more important than its location on certain lines. Kanji (Japanese pictograms) can shorten some addresses to a single line, while others might take several.\\nThe postal codes used in Japanese addresses generally contain 7 digits (as in: 123 - 4567). Since few Japanese streets have names, a street name is rarely included.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Double check the Japanese address.\", \"描述\": \"Whether it’s a handwritten message to a pen pal or Christmas pictures to your host family, you don’t want your envelope being sent to the wrong place. Perform an online search for the address to make sure you’ve written everything correctly.\\nBe sure to write “Japan” very prominently with the recipient’s address information. To make it especially hard to miss, write it in caps!\\nIf you’re concerned you might have made a mistake, you might be able to cut and paste the address written out in Japanese from an online map search.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include your return address.\", \"描述\": \"Turn your envelope over flap side up. Your postal code numbers go in the boxes at the bottom of the envelope. Write your address above the rightmost box in the same top-to-bottom, right-to-left pattern as before. Follow the address with your name.\\nWhen sending a letter to Japan from a foreign country, make sure you clearly write your home country in English. This will increase the chances of the letter being returned should it be undeliverable.\\nThe format of your return address does not have to follow the Japanese style of large-to-small if you live outside of Japan.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add a stamp and send it off.\", \"描述\": \"But first, take a good look at the addresses. Does everything look right? For those of you writing from outside of Japan: is your home country clearly written? If so, turn it over to the side with the recipient’s address (the flapless side) and put a stamp in the upper left corner.\\nYou should only need postage from your home country to send an envelope to Japan, though this may differ from country to country. Ask at your local post office.\\nPostage is weight-rated inside Japan. Expect a two-sheet letter in a normal envelope to cost about 90 yen or 110 yen airmail.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Horizontal Envelopes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write out the recipient’s address.\", \"描述\": \"Lay the envelope so its flapless side is facing up. Jot the postal code at about the center. Follow that with the recipient’s address, moving from the largest unit of information to the smallest (country, prefecture, city…). Follow this with the recipient’s name.\\nBecause horizontal envelopes carry a Western association, they are generally written according to Western convention: left-to-right, top-to-bottom.\\nIf you’re mailing this letter from outside of Japan, make sure you clearly write “Japan” at the top of the address.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill in your return address information.\", \"描述\": \"Same as you would for a normal envelope, you’re going to fill in your return address into in the upper left corner of the flapless side. If you’re sending the letter from outside of Japan, clearly indicate your home country in English at the top of your address.\\nIt’s a matter of preference, but some people write the address on the flapless side and the return address on the flap side, similar to how one would for a vertical envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Flip the envelope to make a horizontal envelope vertical, alternatively.\", \"描述\": \"Turn a horizontal envelope on its side to make it into a vertical one. Treat this side-flap envelope exactly as you would a normal vertical envelope: recipient address goes on the flapless side, the return address on the flap side.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Japanese Letter Writing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with common mailing suffixes.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll see some suffixes over and over again in addresses and letters. There are quite a few, so don’t feel like you need to know them all, but some of the most common include:\\nCity • shi • 市\\nCounty • gun • 郡\\nMaster/madam • sama • 様\\nNeighborhood subarea • chōme • 丁目\\nNumber (in a series) • ban • 番\\nPrefecture/state • ken • 県\\nRoom • shitsu • 室\\nTown/neighborhood • machi/chō • 町\\nWards (subdivisions for big cities) • ku • 区\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make use of seasonal phrases and expressions.\", \"描述\": \"There are many seasonal phrases and expressions you can use to get a letter started out. These might be just the thing you need if you’re not sure how to begin a letter. Some common examples follow:\\n寒さひとしお 身にしみる 今日このごろ • samusa hitoshio minishimiru kyou konogoro • In this time of piercing cold…\\n春の 日うららかな 今日このごろ • haru no hi uraraka na kyou konogoro • In this time of beautiful spring days…\\n厳しい 残暑が 続いておりますが • kibishii zansho ga tsudzuite orimasu ga • The oppressive heat continues to linger…\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Follow Japanese polite writing practices.\", \"描述\": \"Your writing says a lot about you in Japanese culture, so you should take your time when writing messages by hand. Avoid pencil or marker and write in blue or black ink. White stationery is preferred, especially if you’re sending a letter to a superior. \\nAvoid writing messages or names in red ink, as this can carry negative implications for many Japanese.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn to read Japanese.\", \"描述\": \"Where language is concerned, there are always going to be exceptions to the rules. The better you know Japanese, the more prepared you’ll be to overcome these challenges when they arise.\\nTake a Japanese language or culture class offered by a local Japanese cultural organization. Many cross cultural events are sponsored by the Japanese consulate.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The basic order for Japanese addresses can be summarized as follows: postal code, prefecture, city, ward, sub-area, block, and building. After that comes the name.\\n\", \"If you have received an address that is typed in Japanese, you may be able to print it onto the envelope or print it and tape it to the envelope.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,227 | How to Address Formal Envelopes | 1. Addressing Envelopes for Formal Events
1-1. Write the names of your guest or guests on the first line of the envelope.
How you address the envelopes will vary based on their marital and/ or professional status.
Address women according to their marital status or their professional titles. Married women often use "Mrs." In some cases, the person might prefer "Ms." For divorced women or women over the age of 18, "Ms." is an excellent option. For younger women, you may also use "Miss." For example: "Mrs. Charlotte Smith," "Ms. Lily Smith."
Address all men by their names preceded by "Mr." For example: "Mr. John Smith."
If you are addressing an envelope to a man with the same name as his father, or his son, include "Jr." or "Sr." at the end of each name, respectively. For example: "Mr. Christopher Smith, Jr." or "Mr. Christopher Smith junior".
If a man has the same name as his father and grandfather and is considered "the third" or beyond, use Roman numerals to address him. For example, "Mr. Christopher Smith IV."
Address couples based on their marital status. Addressing unmarried couples is different from how you address married couples.
Address married couples as "Mr." and "Mrs." followed by the man's name. For example, "Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Smith." Address unmarried couples who live together by their names preceded by their appropriate titles. For example, "Ms. Jane Doe" and "Mr. John Smith."
Address men and women with their professional titles when applicable. Address the envelope with their title, which does not require that "Mr.," "Mrs.," "Miss," or "Ms." precede it.
Different titles people may use include "Dr." "Reverend" or "Judge." If you are not sure of a person's formal title and cannot locate this information, a good rule of thumb to use is to "elevate" the position you think they have. For example, if you're not sure someone is a Captain or General in the military, write their title as "General." This way, you won't offend anyone. The following is a list of titles you may encounter in addressing your formal envelope:
Include the names of children on envelopes at your discretion. If children are not invited to the event, do not include them on the envelope. If you are inviting children, write only their first names on the second line underneath their parents.
1-2. Add the address on the second line.
Write this information just under the names of persons, including children on the envelope.
As with names and titles, don't abbreviate with the address. Write out words like "street," "avenue," or "circle." For example: "200 Main Street," "15 Dupont Circle," "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest."
1-3. Address the final line of a formal envelope with the city, state, and ZIP code.
For example, "Washington, DC 20002," or "Berkeley, CA 94703."
If you're not sure of a ZIP code, you can look it up on the website of the United States Postal Service.
For a foreign country, it's useful to look at formatting conventions for international addresses.
2. Addressing Formal Business Envelopes
2-1. Verify all of the appropriate information.
Check names, titles, and addresses.
Use high quality, plain white or ivory paper and envelopes that either come as a set or match. This is a visual cue to their professional nature.
Use address and return labels or envelopes that are typed or printed if possible. Printed or typed labels and envelopes are considered more professional.
Use envelopes printed for your business if you have them. Formal business envelopes feature the name, address, and logo of a particular business.
Use typed or printed envelopes with your business address if you do not have formal, pre-printed business envelopes with a logo. Neatly handwrite in block letters the name and address information in black or blue ink if you cannot type or print your business envelope.
2-2. Write the name of the business on the first line of the address.
For example: "General Electric," "Google, Inc."
Address the person on the second line. Use "Attention:" to indicate the recipient followed by their title. For example: "Attention: Mr. John Smith," "Attention: Dr. Charlotte Parker."
Use the same rules for titles for business as you do for formal events. Some exceptions are for accountants and lawyers. For example: "Attention: Mr. John Smith, CPA," or Attention: Attorney Charlotte Parker." With lawyers, you can also write "Charlotte Parker, Esquire" without "Ms."
With women, the default title in business is "Ms." unless you know the person prefers "Mrs." If they have another title such as "Dr." or "Rabbi," use that title instead.
Use the position title only if you do not know the recipient's full name. For example, if you are sending a letter to the president of a particular company, address the envelope with a phrase such as: "To the President."
2-3. Write the address on the second line of the envelope.
Don't use abbreviations in the address. Write out words like "street," "avenue," or "circle." For example: "200 Main Street," "15 Dupont Circle," "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest."
2-4. Address the final line of a formal business envelope with the city, state, and ZIP code.
For example, "Washington, DC 20002," or "Berkeley, CA 94703."
If you're not sure of a ZIP code, you can look it up on the website of the United States Postal Service.
For a foreign country, it's useful to look at formatting conventions for international addresses.
Tips
Envelopes hand-written by yourself or a calligrapher in a dark-colored ink are the preferable option for formal, non-business events.[9]
X
Research source
Handwrite or print your envelopes. Hiring a calligrapher, or a person professionally trained to artistically hand-letter documents, is also an option to address your envelope.
Buy high-quality paper and envelopes that either come as a set or match to help convey the formality of the event.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing Envelopes for Formal Events\\n1-1. Write the names of your guest or guests on the first line of the envelope.\\nHow you address the envelopes will vary based on their marital and/ or professional status.\\nAddress women according to their marital status or their professional titles. Married women often use \\\"Mrs.\\\" In some cases, the person might prefer \\\"Ms.\\\" For divorced women or women over the age of 18, \\\"Ms.\\\" is an excellent option. For younger women, you may also use \\\"Miss.\\\" For example: \\\"Mrs. Charlotte Smith,\\\" \\\"Ms. Lily Smith.\\\"\\nAddress all men by their names preceded by \\\"Mr.\\\" For example: \\\"Mr. John Smith.\\\"\\nIf you are addressing an envelope to a man with the same name as his father, or his son, include \\\"Jr.\\\" or \\\"Sr.\\\" at the end of each name, respectively. For example: \\\"Mr. Christopher Smith, Jr.\\\" or \\\"Mr. Christopher Smith junior\\\".\\nIf a man has the same name as his father and grandfather and is considered \\\"the third\\\" or beyond, use Roman numerals to address him. For example, \\\"Mr. Christopher Smith IV.\\\"\\nAddress couples based on their marital status. Addressing unmarried couples is different from how you address married couples.\\nAddress married couples as \\\"Mr.\\\" and \\\"Mrs.\\\" followed by the man's name. For example, \\\"Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Smith.\\\" Address unmarried couples who live together by their names preceded by their appropriate titles. For example, \\\"Ms. Jane Doe\\\" and \\\"Mr. John Smith.\\\"\\nAddress men and women with their professional titles when applicable. Address the envelope with their title, which does not require that \\\"Mr.,\\\" \\\"Mrs.,\\\" \\\"Miss,\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" precede it.\\nDifferent titles people may use include \\\"Dr.\\\" \\\"Reverend\\\" or \\\"Judge.\\\" If you are not sure of a person's formal title and cannot locate this information, a good rule of thumb to use is to \\\"elevate\\\" the position you think they have. For example, if you're not sure someone is a Captain or General in the military, write their title as \\\"General.\\\" This way, you won't offend anyone. The following is a list of titles you may encounter in addressing your formal envelope:\\nInclude the names of children on envelopes at your discretion. If children are not invited to the event, do not include them on the envelope. If you are inviting children, write only their first names on the second line underneath their parents.\\n1-2. Add the address on the second line.\\nWrite this information just under the names of persons, including children on the envelope.\\nAs with names and titles, don't abbreviate with the address. Write out words like \\\"street,\\\" \\\"avenue,\\\" or \\\"circle.\\\" For example: \\\"200 Main Street,\\\" \\\"15 Dupont Circle,\\\" \\\"1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest.\\\"\\n1-3. Address the final line of a formal envelope with the city, state, and ZIP code.\\nFor example, \\\"Washington, DC 20002,\\\" or \\\"Berkeley, CA 94703.\\\"\\nIf you're not sure of a ZIP code, you can look it up on the website of the United States Postal Service.\\nFor a foreign country, it's useful to look at formatting conventions for international addresses.\\n2. Addressing Formal Business Envelopes\\n2-1. Verify all of the appropriate information.\\nCheck names, titles, and addresses.\\nUse high quality, plain white or ivory paper and envelopes that either come as a set or match. This is a visual cue to their professional nature.\\nUse address and return labels or envelopes that are typed or printed if possible. Printed or typed labels and envelopes are considered more professional.\\nUse envelopes printed for your business if you have them. Formal business envelopes feature the name, address, and logo of a particular business.\\nUse typed or printed envelopes with your business address if you do not have formal, pre-printed business envelopes with a logo. Neatly handwrite in block letters the name and address information in black or blue ink if you cannot type or print your business envelope.\\n2-2. Write the name of the business on the first line of the address.\\nFor example: \\\"General Electric,\\\" \\\"Google, Inc.\\\"\\nAddress the person on the second line. Use \\\"Attention:\\\" to indicate the recipient followed by their title. For example: \\\"Attention: Mr. John Smith,\\\" \\\"Attention: Dr. Charlotte Parker.\\\"\\nUse the same rules for titles for business as you do for formal events. Some exceptions are for accountants and lawyers. For example: \\\"Attention: Mr. John Smith, CPA,\\\" or Attention: Attorney Charlotte Parker.\\\" With lawyers, you can also write \\\"Charlotte Parker, Esquire\\\" without \\\"Ms.\\\"\\nWith women, the default title in business is \\\"Ms.\\\" unless you know the person prefers \\\"Mrs.\\\" If they have another title such as \\\"Dr.\\\" or \\\"Rabbi,\\\" use that title instead.\\nUse the position title only if you do not know the recipient's full name. For example, if you are sending a letter to the president of a particular company, address the envelope with a phrase such as: \\\"To the President.\\\"\\n2-3. Write the address on the second line of the envelope.\\nDon't use abbreviations in the address. Write out words like \\\"street,\\\" \\\"avenue,\\\" or \\\"circle.\\\" For example: \\\"200 Main Street,\\\" \\\"15 Dupont Circle,\\\" \\\"1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest.\\\"\\n2-4. Address the final line of a formal business envelope with the city, state, and ZIP code.\\nFor example, \\\"Washington, DC 20002,\\\" or \\\"Berkeley, CA 94703.\\\"\\nIf you're not sure of a ZIP code, you can look it up on the website of the United States Postal Service. \\nFor a foreign country, it's useful to look at formatting conventions for international addresses.\\nTips\\nEnvelopes hand-written by yourself or a calligrapher in a dark-colored ink are the preferable option for formal, non-business events.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nHandwrite or print your envelopes. Hiring a calligrapher, or a person professionally trained to artistically hand-letter documents, is also an option to address your envelope.\\nBuy high-quality paper and envelopes that either come as a set or match to help convey the formality of the event.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Addressing formal envelopes properly serves different purposes, including demonstrating respect to recipients and providing a visual cue to the formality of the event. How you address your envelope will depend on whether it is for a formal event, such as a wedding or charity benefit, or for business purposes including submitting a resume or soliciting new clients. This guide will show you how to properly and politely address formal envelopes for any formal or business situation.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing Envelopes for Formal Events\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the names of your guest or guests on the first line of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"How you address the envelopes will vary based on their marital and/ or professional status.\\nAddress women according to their marital status or their professional titles. Married women often use \\\"Mrs.\\\" In some cases, the person might prefer \\\"Ms.\\\" For divorced women or women over the age of 18, \\\"Ms.\\\" is an excellent option. For younger women, you may also use \\\"Miss.\\\" For example: \\\"Mrs. Charlotte Smith,\\\" \\\"Ms. Lily Smith.\\\"\\nAddress all men by their names preceded by \\\"Mr.\\\" For example: \\\"Mr. John Smith.\\\"\\nIf you are addressing an envelope to a man with the same name as his father, or his son, include \\\"Jr.\\\" or \\\"Sr.\\\" at the end of each name, respectively. For example: \\\"Mr. Christopher Smith, Jr.\\\" or \\\"Mr. Christopher Smith junior\\\".\\nIf a man has the same name as his father and grandfather and is considered \\\"the third\\\" or beyond, use Roman numerals to address him. For example, \\\"Mr. Christopher Smith IV.\\\"\\nAddress couples based on their marital status. Addressing unmarried couples is different from how you address married couples.\\nAddress married couples as \\\"Mr.\\\" and \\\"Mrs.\\\" followed by the man's name. For example, \\\"Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Smith.\\\" Address unmarried couples who live together by their names preceded by their appropriate titles. For example, \\\"Ms. Jane Doe\\\" and \\\"Mr. John Smith.\\\"\\nAddress men and women with their professional titles when applicable. Address the envelope with their title, which does not require that \\\"Mr.,\\\" \\\"Mrs.,\\\" \\\"Miss,\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" precede it.\\nDifferent titles people may use include \\\"Dr.\\\" \\\"Reverend\\\" or \\\"Judge.\\\" If you are not sure of a person's formal title and cannot locate this information, a good rule of thumb to use is to \\\"elevate\\\" the position you think they have. For example, if you're not sure someone is a Captain or General in the military, write their title as \\\"General.\\\" This way, you won't offend anyone. The following is a list of titles you may encounter in addressing your formal envelope:\\nInclude the names of children on envelopes at your discretion. If children are not invited to the event, do not include them on the envelope. If you are inviting children, write only their first names on the second line underneath their parents.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add the address on the second line.\", \"描述\": \"Write this information just under the names of persons, including children on the envelope.\\nAs with names and titles, don't abbreviate with the address. Write out words like \\\"street,\\\" \\\"avenue,\\\" or \\\"circle.\\\" For example: \\\"200 Main Street,\\\" \\\"15 Dupont Circle,\\\" \\\"1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address the final line of a formal envelope with the city, state, and ZIP code.\", \"描述\": \"For example, \\\"Washington, DC 20002,\\\" or \\\"Berkeley, CA 94703.\\\"\\nIf you're not sure of a ZIP code, you can look it up on the website of the United States Postal Service.\\nFor a foreign country, it's useful to look at formatting conventions for international addresses.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing Formal Business Envelopes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Verify all of the appropriate information.\", \"描述\": \"Check names, titles, and addresses.\\nUse high quality, plain white or ivory paper and envelopes that either come as a set or match. This is a visual cue to their professional nature.\\nUse address and return labels or envelopes that are typed or printed if possible. Printed or typed labels and envelopes are considered more professional.\\nUse envelopes printed for your business if you have them. Formal business envelopes feature the name, address, and logo of a particular business.\\nUse typed or printed envelopes with your business address if you do not have formal, pre-printed business envelopes with a logo. Neatly handwrite in block letters the name and address information in black or blue ink if you cannot type or print your business envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the name of the business on the first line of the address.\", \"描述\": \"For example: \\\"General Electric,\\\" \\\"Google, Inc.\\\"\\nAddress the person on the second line. Use \\\"Attention:\\\" to indicate the recipient followed by their title. For example: \\\"Attention: Mr. John Smith,\\\" \\\"Attention: Dr. Charlotte Parker.\\\"\\nUse the same rules for titles for business as you do for formal events. Some exceptions are for accountants and lawyers. For example: \\\"Attention: Mr. John Smith, CPA,\\\" or Attention: Attorney Charlotte Parker.\\\" With lawyers, you can also write \\\"Charlotte Parker, Esquire\\\" without \\\"Ms.\\\"\\nWith women, the default title in business is \\\"Ms.\\\" unless you know the person prefers \\\"Mrs.\\\" If they have another title such as \\\"Dr.\\\" or \\\"Rabbi,\\\" use that title instead.\\nUse the position title only if you do not know the recipient's full name. For example, if you are sending a letter to the president of a particular company, address the envelope with a phrase such as: \\\"To the President.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write the address on the second line of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Don't use abbreviations in the address. Write out words like \\\"street,\\\" \\\"avenue,\\\" or \\\"circle.\\\" For example: \\\"200 Main Street,\\\" \\\"15 Dupont Circle,\\\" \\\"1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address the final line of a formal business envelope with the city, state, and ZIP code.\", \"描述\": \"For example, \\\"Washington, DC 20002,\\\" or \\\"Berkeley, CA 94703.\\\"\\nIf you're not sure of a ZIP code, you can look it up on the website of the United States Postal Service. \\nFor a foreign country, it's useful to look at formatting conventions for international addresses.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Envelopes hand-written by yourself or a calligrapher in a dark-colored ink are the preferable option for formal, non-business events.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Handwrite or print your envelopes. Hiring a calligrapher, or a person professionally trained to artistically hand-letter documents, is also an option to address your envelope.\\n\", \"Buy high-quality paper and envelopes that either come as a set or match to help convey the formality of the event.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,228 | How to Address Graduation Announcements | 1. Completing the Mailing Envelope
1-1. Handwrite the address in blue or black ink.
Handwriting is more personal and preferred for graduation announcements. Make sure you use a pen that won't smear easily, especially if it gets wet.
Cursive writing is preferred to print. However, you want to make sure the writing is legible so the postal workers will be able to deliver it.
Generally, the address should be written in the center of the back of the envelope (the solid side, not the side with the flap). Make sure to leave space for the stamp in the upper-right-hand corner.
1-2. Use full names and formal titles for recipients' names.
On the mailing envelope, write out the full first and last name of the recipient along with the appropriate title (Mr., Ms., Mrs., Dr., etc.). If you're mailing an announcement to a married couple, include a title and the first and last name for each of them.
If the two people have different titles, write the names in the same order as the titles. For example, if you were sending an announcement to Dr. John Gray and Mr. Kevin Gray, you would address them as "Dr. and Mr. John and Kevin Gray."
If you're sending an announcement to two people who live together but are not married to each other, list their names separately. For example: "Ms. Mary Mack and Mr. Louis Lutz."
1-3. Include the full mailing address without abbreviations.
On the line below the names, write out the street address. Do not abbreviate words such as "street" or "avenue." Move down to the next line, and write the city, state, and ZIP code.
Typically, you don't want to abbreviate the name of the state either. However, using postal abbreviations is acceptable.
If this line gets too long, you can write the ZIP code below the line with the city and state. Typically, the ZIP code is written further over to the right, so that the last number lines up with the end of the line above it.
1-4. Put the return address on the flap.
With most cards and letters, the return address goes in the top-left-hand corner of the back of the envelope. However, with graduation announcements and other formal mailings, the return address goes on the flap of the envelope.
You may want to try this out in pencil before you commit to make sure there's enough space for you to write your full address.
You can use abbreviations for the return address, and it may be necessary for you to have enough room.
If there isn't enough space for you to fit your return address on the flap of the envelope, buy pre-printed address labels and use those instead. You may be able to find labels with a graduation theme.
2. Composing the Inner Envelope
2-1. Write the recipient's first name on the back of the inner envelope.
The inner envelope is more informal than the outer envelope. Here, write what you would call the recipient if you were addressing them in person.
If the recipient is a relative, it's appropriate to use a familial title, or to combine a familial title with a name. For example, you might address the inner envelope simply to "grandma," but you could also use "Aunt Sue" or "Aunt Sarah and Uncle Bob."
2-2. Insert the announcement and anything else you want to include.
Apart from the announcement itself, some graduates like to include an invitation to the graduation ceremony itself or to their own graduation party along with the announcement. You may also want to include glitter or confetti to announce the festive occasion.
Some graduation announcements come with name cards. You can include these in the announcement if you want. The vendor will have instructions on how to assemble the announcement package appropriately.
Place your announcement in the inner envelope fold-first. Include any additional inserts inside the announcement itself. The front of the announcement should be facing the envelope flap.
If you want people to attend your graduation, make sure to include as much detail as possible in your announcement, like the location, time, and date.
2-3. Slip the inner envelope into the outer envelope.
The inner envelope does not have adhesive and shouldn't be sealed. If you bought seals for your envelopes, they are for use with the outer envelope. The inside envelope should face towards the back of the outer envelope.
Seal the outer envelope to close the entire announcement. If you bought seals, attach one to the tip of the flap to hold the outer envelope closed. If you didn't buy seals, lightly moisten the edge of the outer envelope to seal it closed.
3. Mailing Your Announcements
3-1. Affix a USPS First Class stamp to each of your mailing envelopes.
You can use any stamp design available through the USPS. However, in honor of this special occasion, you may want to create custom stamps. Several vendors print custom stamps that are accepted by the USPS. Prices vary depending on how many stamps you get and the complexity of the design you choose.
Unless you happen to be mailing an announcement to an international address, you should only need one stamp. If mailing to an international address, you might want to put the whole thing in another envelope for mailing.
3-2. Send announcements that include invitations before the ceremony.
If you've included an invitation to the ceremony itself, or to your own graduation party, mail those announcements out to recipients at least 2 weeks to 3 weeks before the date of the ceremony. Provide extra time if your guests will have to travel a longer distance.
Traditionally, you would send invitations separately from your announcements. However, if you want to send them all at once, it's appropriate to do so.
3-3. Wait until after the ceremony to send announcements without invitations.
A graduation announcement tells the recipient that you have graduated, not that you're going to graduate soon. For this reason, if no invitation to the ceremony or a party is included, it's best to send your announcements out after the ceremony.
Try to send your announcements within a week after the ceremony. Avoid sending them out more than 6 weeks after the ceremony. If you're planning an extended vacation after graduation, go ahead and mail out your announcements a day or two before the ceremony.
Tips
Only send graduation announcements to relatives or people with whom you or your family are in regular contact.[6]
X
Research source
If you send someone a graduation announcement, that doesn't necessarily mean the person will send you a graduation gift. However, if they do, send them a handwritten thank-you note within a couple of weeks of receiving the gift.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Completing the Mailing Envelope\\n1-1. Handwrite the address in blue or black ink.\\nHandwriting is more personal and preferred for graduation announcements. Make sure you use a pen that won't smear easily, especially if it gets wet. \\nCursive writing is preferred to print. However, you want to make sure the writing is legible so the postal workers will be able to deliver it.\\nGenerally, the address should be written in the center of the back of the envelope (the solid side, not the side with the flap). Make sure to leave space for the stamp in the upper-right-hand corner.\\n1-2. Use full names and formal titles for recipients' names.\\nOn the mailing envelope, write out the full first and last name of the recipient along with the appropriate title (Mr., Ms., Mrs., Dr., etc.). If you're mailing an announcement to a married couple, include a title and the first and last name for each of them. \\nIf the two people have different titles, write the names in the same order as the titles. For example, if you were sending an announcement to Dr. John Gray and Mr. Kevin Gray, you would address them as \\\"Dr. and Mr. John and Kevin Gray.\\\"\\nIf you're sending an announcement to two people who live together but are not married to each other, list their names separately. For example: \\\"Ms. Mary Mack and Mr. Louis Lutz.\\\"\\n1-3. Include the full mailing address without abbreviations.\\nOn the line below the names, write out the street address. Do not abbreviate words such as \\\"street\\\" or \\\"avenue.\\\" Move down to the next line, and write the city, state, and ZIP code. \\nTypically, you don't want to abbreviate the name of the state either. However, using postal abbreviations is acceptable.\\nIf this line gets too long, you can write the ZIP code below the line with the city and state. Typically, the ZIP code is written further over to the right, so that the last number lines up with the end of the line above it.\\n1-4. Put the return address on the flap.\\nWith most cards and letters, the return address goes in the top-left-hand corner of the back of the envelope. However, with graduation announcements and other formal mailings, the return address goes on the flap of the envelope. \\nYou may want to try this out in pencil before you commit to make sure there's enough space for you to write your full address.\\nYou can use abbreviations for the return address, and it may be necessary for you to have enough room.\\nIf there isn't enough space for you to fit your return address on the flap of the envelope, buy pre-printed address labels and use those instead. You may be able to find labels with a graduation theme.\\n2. Composing the Inner Envelope\\n2-1. Write the recipient's first name on the back of the inner envelope.\\nThe inner envelope is more informal than the outer envelope. Here, write what you would call the recipient if you were addressing them in person. \\nIf the recipient is a relative, it's appropriate to use a familial title, or to combine a familial title with a name. For example, you might address the inner envelope simply to \\\"grandma,\\\" but you could also use \\\"Aunt Sue\\\" or \\\"Aunt Sarah and Uncle Bob.\\\"\\n2-2. Insert the announcement and anything else you want to include.\\nApart from the announcement itself, some graduates like to include an invitation to the graduation ceremony itself or to their own graduation party along with the announcement. You may also want to include glitter or confetti to announce the festive occasion. \\nSome graduation announcements come with name cards. You can include these in the announcement if you want. The vendor will have instructions on how to assemble the announcement package appropriately.\\nPlace your announcement in the inner envelope fold-first. Include any additional inserts inside the announcement itself. The front of the announcement should be facing the envelope flap.\\nIf you want people to attend your graduation, make sure to include as much detail as possible in your announcement, like the location, time, and date.\\n2-3. Slip the inner envelope into the outer envelope.\\nThe inner envelope does not have adhesive and shouldn't be sealed. If you bought seals for your envelopes, they are for use with the outer envelope. The inside envelope should face towards the back of the outer envelope. \\nSeal the outer envelope to close the entire announcement. If you bought seals, attach one to the tip of the flap to hold the outer envelope closed. If you didn't buy seals, lightly moisten the edge of the outer envelope to seal it closed.\\n3. Mailing Your Announcements\\n3-1. Affix a USPS First Class stamp to each of your mailing envelopes.\\nYou can use any stamp design available through the USPS. However, in honor of this special occasion, you may want to create custom stamps. Several vendors print custom stamps that are accepted by the USPS. Prices vary depending on how many stamps you get and the complexity of the design you choose.\\nUnless you happen to be mailing an announcement to an international address, you should only need one stamp. If mailing to an international address, you might want to put the whole thing in another envelope for mailing.\\n3-2. Send announcements that include invitations before the ceremony.\\nIf you've included an invitation to the ceremony itself, or to your own graduation party, mail those announcements out to recipients at least 2 weeks to 3 weeks before the date of the ceremony. Provide extra time if your guests will have to travel a longer distance.\\nTraditionally, you would send invitations separately from your announcements. However, if you want to send them all at once, it's appropriate to do so.\\n3-3. Wait until after the ceremony to send announcements without invitations.\\nA graduation announcement tells the recipient that you have graduated, not that you're going to graduate soon. For this reason, if no invitation to the ceremony or a party is included, it's best to send your announcements out after the ceremony.\\nTry to send your announcements within a week after the ceremony. Avoid sending them out more than 6 weeks after the ceremony. If you're planning an extended vacation after graduation, go ahead and mail out your announcements a day or two before the ceremony.\\nTips\\nOnly send graduation announcements to relatives or people with whom you or your family are in regular contact.[6]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you send someone a graduation announcement, that doesn't necessarily mean the person will send you a graduation gift. However, if they do, send them a handwritten thank-you note within a couple of weeks of receiving the gift.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"With their thick card stock and engraving, folded inserts, and multiple envelopes, graduation announcements can be intimidating to put together. However, addressing the announcements doesn't have to be difficult. Use full formal names on the mailing envelope. On the inner envelope, you can be more informal and address the person as you would in regular life. Generally, graduation announcements that don't include an invitation to the ceremony or a graduation party should be sent after the ceremony takes place.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Completing the Mailing Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Handwrite the address in blue or black ink.\", \"描述\": \"Handwriting is more personal and preferred for graduation announcements. Make sure you use a pen that won't smear easily, especially if it gets wet. \\nCursive writing is preferred to print. However, you want to make sure the writing is legible so the postal workers will be able to deliver it.\\nGenerally, the address should be written in the center of the back of the envelope (the solid side, not the side with the flap). Make sure to leave space for the stamp in the upper-right-hand corner.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use full names and formal titles for recipients' names.\", \"描述\": \"On the mailing envelope, write out the full first and last name of the recipient along with the appropriate title (Mr., Ms., Mrs., Dr., etc.). If you're mailing an announcement to a married couple, include a title and the first and last name for each of them. \\nIf the two people have different titles, write the names in the same order as the titles. For example, if you were sending an announcement to Dr. John Gray and Mr. Kevin Gray, you would address them as \\\"Dr. and Mr. John and Kevin Gray.\\\"\\nIf you're sending an announcement to two people who live together but are not married to each other, list their names separately. For example: \\\"Ms. Mary Mack and Mr. Louis Lutz.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include the full mailing address without abbreviations.\", \"描述\": \"On the line below the names, write out the street address. Do not abbreviate words such as \\\"street\\\" or \\\"avenue.\\\" Move down to the next line, and write the city, state, and ZIP code. \\nTypically, you don't want to abbreviate the name of the state either. However, using postal abbreviations is acceptable.\\nIf this line gets too long, you can write the ZIP code below the line with the city and state. Typically, the ZIP code is written further over to the right, so that the last number lines up with the end of the line above it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put the return address on the flap.\", \"描述\": \"With most cards and letters, the return address goes in the top-left-hand corner of the back of the envelope. However, with graduation announcements and other formal mailings, the return address goes on the flap of the envelope. \\nYou may want to try this out in pencil before you commit to make sure there's enough space for you to write your full address.\\nYou can use abbreviations for the return address, and it may be necessary for you to have enough room.\\nIf there isn't enough space for you to fit your return address on the flap of the envelope, buy pre-printed address labels and use those instead. You may be able to find labels with a graduation theme.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Composing the Inner Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the recipient's first name on the back of the inner envelope.\", \"描述\": \"The inner envelope is more informal than the outer envelope. Here, write what you would call the recipient if you were addressing them in person. \\nIf the recipient is a relative, it's appropriate to use a familial title, or to combine a familial title with a name. For example, you might address the inner envelope simply to \\\"grandma,\\\" but you could also use \\\"Aunt Sue\\\" or \\\"Aunt Sarah and Uncle Bob.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Insert the announcement and anything else you want to include.\", \"描述\": \"Apart from the announcement itself, some graduates like to include an invitation to the graduation ceremony itself or to their own graduation party along with the announcement. You may also want to include glitter or confetti to announce the festive occasion. \\nSome graduation announcements come with name cards. You can include these in the announcement if you want. The vendor will have instructions on how to assemble the announcement package appropriately.\\nPlace your announcement in the inner envelope fold-first. Include any additional inserts inside the announcement itself. The front of the announcement should be facing the envelope flap.\\nIf you want people to attend your graduation, make sure to include as much detail as possible in your announcement, like the location, time, and date.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Slip the inner envelope into the outer envelope.\", \"描述\": \"The inner envelope does not have adhesive and shouldn't be sealed. If you bought seals for your envelopes, they are for use with the outer envelope. The inside envelope should face towards the back of the outer envelope. \\nSeal the outer envelope to close the entire announcement. If you bought seals, attach one to the tip of the flap to hold the outer envelope closed. If you didn't buy seals, lightly moisten the edge of the outer envelope to seal it closed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mailing Your Announcements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Affix a USPS First Class stamp to each of your mailing envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"You can use any stamp design available through the USPS. However, in honor of this special occasion, you may want to create custom stamps. Several vendors print custom stamps that are accepted by the USPS. Prices vary depending on how many stamps you get and the complexity of the design you choose.\\nUnless you happen to be mailing an announcement to an international address, you should only need one stamp. If mailing to an international address, you might want to put the whole thing in another envelope for mailing.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Send announcements that include invitations before the ceremony.\", \"描述\": \"If you've included an invitation to the ceremony itself, or to your own graduation party, mail those announcements out to recipients at least 2 weeks to 3 weeks before the date of the ceremony. Provide extra time if your guests will have to travel a longer distance.\\nTraditionally, you would send invitations separately from your announcements. However, if you want to send them all at once, it's appropriate to do so.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wait until after the ceremony to send announcements without invitations.\", \"描述\": \"A graduation announcement tells the recipient that you have graduated, not that you're going to graduate soon. For this reason, if no invitation to the ceremony or a party is included, it's best to send your announcements out after the ceremony.\\nTry to send your announcements within a week after the ceremony. Avoid sending them out more than 6 weeks after the ceremony. If you're planning an extended vacation after graduation, go ahead and mail out your announcements a day or two before the ceremony.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Only send graduation announcements to relatives or people with whom you or your family are in regular contact.[6]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you send someone a graduation announcement, that doesn't necessarily mean the person will send you a graduation gift. However, if they do, send them a handwritten thank-you note within a couple of weeks of receiving the gift.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,229 | How to Address Guests on Escort Cards | 1. Formatting Your Guests’ Names
1-1. Address individual guests using their full name.
Guests who are planning on showing up by themselves need only be identified by their first and last name. Consider including the person’s middle initial if they have a common name that may be shared with other guests.
Unless your wedding is going to be an informal celebration, don’t use abbreviations or nicknames—write “Samantha” instead of “Sam” and “William” rather than “Bill.”
An escort card for an unaccompanied guest might simply read: “John B. McLemore.”
1-2. Use titles consistently.
It’s alright to refer to your guests as “Mr.” and “Mrs.” as long as you do it for each and every person in attendance. Similarly, you might choose to list unmarried women either by their first and last names or with the additional descriptor “Miss,” but try to keep it the same on each card.
Special titles like “Dr.” and “Father” can be reserved for distinguished guests as a way of showing respect.
It’s usually okay to address children under the age of 13 without titles.
1-3. List married couples by their last name.
Traditionally, married couples are presented as a pair under the husband’s name, as in “Mr. and Mrs. Edward Jennings.” These days, it’s also acceptable to use both the husband and wife’s names, as in “Edward and Silvia Jennings.”
You might also be able to get away with using the couple’s last name alone if it’s a smaller wedding and there are no other couples with the same surname in attendance.
Married couples should always be listed together on the same card.
1-4. Put the woman’s name first on cards for unmarried couples.
This goes for guests with dates, engaged couples, and male-female friends coming to the reception together. The same rule can also apply to married couples with different last names. Giving precedence to the woman is considered a polite gesture.
If you have a close male friend who is bringing his new girlfriend, you would write “Leslie Schaeffer and Christopher Hudson.”
When addressing an escort card to a same-sex couple, you have the option of either listing the names alphabetically or starting with the name of the guest you’re better acquainted with.
1-5. Use a single card for families who will be seated together.
It’s common for family groups to be addressed collectively. The only exceptions are especially large families and occasions when 1 or more members will be accompanied by their own families, such as a husband and wife arriving independently of 1 spouse’s parents and younger siblings.
A card reading “The Gutierrez Family” can account for any number of related guests who have RSVPd to confirm their attendance.
Putting whole families down on the same escort card saves you the trouble (and extra materials) of making cards for each person individually.
1-6. Note unidentified guests after the name of the person they’re with.
It’s usually sufficient to tack on an “and guest” after the invited guest’s name. Making it a point to mention a guest’s plus-1 is a common courtesy, and can be helpful when you don’t know the person’s name or haven’t yet been formally introduced to them.
If your teenage niece is coming with her best friend who you’ve never met, instance, writing “Allison Tremont and Guest” will allow you to formalize her escort card without making her friend feel left out.
Failing to acknowledge an attendee’s guests could offend both parties unintentionally.
2. Displaying Your Escort Cards
2-1. Seal your escort cards in envelopes.
According to custom, escort cards are tucked into miniature envelopes to be opened by the guests as they enter the reception area. If you decide to use envelopes, you’ll write the guest’s name on the face of the envelope and record their table number on the inside of the card itself.
Envelopes are not only more formal, they also add an element of fun and surprise to the proceedings, since guests will have to open their cards to find out what table they’ve been assigned to.
2-2. Go with tent-style cards for quick and easy seating.
These days, many married couples prefer to keep things simple by using single-piece folding cards in lieu of stuffing each card into its own envelope. When using tent-style cards, display the guest’s name on the outside of the card above their assigned table number, or list the table number separately on the card’s interior.
The major benefit of tent-style cards is that your guests will be able to pick them out and read them much faster, preventing a traffic jam at the entrance to the reception area. However, it also involves less work for you.
2-3. Set out your escort cards in rows alphabetically.
To make it easier for your guests to pick out their cards, organize them from A-Z by last name on a large table in your reception area. Arrange them in neat rows, with the front of each card plainly visible. That way, they can simply scan each row until they find their card and be on their way.
Someone with the last name “Adams,” for instance, should be able to spot their card closer to the front of the table than a couple by the name of “Watanabe.”
If you have more than 1 married couple with the same last name, include the husband’s first name so it’s clear who you’re referring to (“Mr. and Mrs. David Johnson,” as distinct from “Mr. and Mrs. Steven Johnson”).
2-4. Use matching table and place cards for assigned seating.
If you intend to designate both the table and individual seat of each guest at your wedding reception, you’ll need to create table and place cards as well. Double-check that the names and numbers on your escort cards correspond with those on the place and table cards to avoid confusing or misplacing your guests.
Table cards are large placards used to identify each table in the reception area. They’re typically numbered, but you could also assign your guests to tables named after your favorite flowers, songs, authors, or world wonders—get creative!
Place cards display the names of the guests at a particular table so that everyone knows who everyone else is. It will be necessary to print a separate place card with a unique seat number for each guest, rather than grouping them together the way you did on the escort cards.
Tips
Once you’ve figured out the best wording for your escort cards, send them off to a calligrapher to have them inked professionally, or print them yourself by hand.
It’s important that handwritten cards be printed legibly so that your guests don’t struggle to read their names.
To cut down on the amount of clutter on the tables, consider letting your menus double as place cards displaying each guest’s name and dinner preference.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Formatting Your Guests’ Names\\n1-1. Address individual guests using their full name.\\nGuests who are planning on showing up by themselves need only be identified by their first and last name. Consider including the person’s middle initial if they have a common name that may be shared with other guests.\\nUnless your wedding is going to be an informal celebration, don’t use abbreviations or nicknames—write “Samantha” instead of “Sam” and “William” rather than “Bill.”\\nAn escort card for an unaccompanied guest might simply read: “John B. McLemore.”\\n1-2. Use titles consistently.\\nIt’s alright to refer to your guests as “Mr.” and “Mrs.” as long as you do it for each and every person in attendance. Similarly, you might choose to list unmarried women either by their first and last names or with the additional descriptor “Miss,” but try to keep it the same on each card.\\nSpecial titles like “Dr.” and “Father” can be reserved for distinguished guests as a way of showing respect.\\nIt’s usually okay to address children under the age of 13 without titles.\\n1-3. List married couples by their last name.\\nTraditionally, married couples are presented as a pair under the husband’s name, as in “Mr. and Mrs. Edward Jennings.” These days, it’s also acceptable to use both the husband and wife’s names, as in “Edward and Silvia Jennings.”\\nYou might also be able to get away with using the couple’s last name alone if it’s a smaller wedding and there are no other couples with the same surname in attendance.\\nMarried couples should always be listed together on the same card.\\n1-4. Put the woman’s name first on cards for unmarried couples.\\nThis goes for guests with dates, engaged couples, and male-female friends coming to the reception together. The same rule can also apply to married couples with different last names. Giving precedence to the woman is considered a polite gesture.\\nIf you have a close male friend who is bringing his new girlfriend, you would write “Leslie Schaeffer and Christopher Hudson.”\\nWhen addressing an escort card to a same-sex couple, you have the option of either listing the names alphabetically or starting with the name of the guest you’re better acquainted with.\\n1-5. Use a single card for families who will be seated together.\\nIt’s common for family groups to be addressed collectively. The only exceptions are especially large families and occasions when 1 or more members will be accompanied by their own families, such as a husband and wife arriving independently of 1 spouse’s parents and younger siblings.\\nA card reading “The Gutierrez Family” can account for any number of related guests who have RSVPd to confirm their attendance.\\nPutting whole families down on the same escort card saves you the trouble (and extra materials) of making cards for each person individually.\\n1-6. Note unidentified guests after the name of the person they’re with.\\nIt’s usually sufficient to tack on an “and guest” after the invited guest’s name. Making it a point to mention a guest’s plus-1 is a common courtesy, and can be helpful when you don’t know the person’s name or haven’t yet been formally introduced to them.\\nIf your teenage niece is coming with her best friend who you’ve never met, instance, writing “Allison Tremont and Guest” will allow you to formalize her escort card without making her friend feel left out.\\nFailing to acknowledge an attendee’s guests could offend both parties unintentionally.\\n2. Displaying Your Escort Cards\\n2-1. Seal your escort cards in envelopes.\\nAccording to custom, escort cards are tucked into miniature envelopes to be opened by the guests as they enter the reception area. If you decide to use envelopes, you’ll write the guest’s name on the face of the envelope and record their table number on the inside of the card itself.\\nEnvelopes are not only more formal, they also add an element of fun and surprise to the proceedings, since guests will have to open their cards to find out what table they’ve been assigned to.\\n2-2. Go with tent-style cards for quick and easy seating.\\nThese days, many married couples prefer to keep things simple by using single-piece folding cards in lieu of stuffing each card into its own envelope. When using tent-style cards, display the guest’s name on the outside of the card above their assigned table number, or list the table number separately on the card’s interior.\\nThe major benefit of tent-style cards is that your guests will be able to pick them out and read them much faster, preventing a traffic jam at the entrance to the reception area. However, it also involves less work for you.\\n2-3. Set out your escort cards in rows alphabetically.\\nTo make it easier for your guests to pick out their cards, organize them from A-Z by last name on a large table in your reception area. Arrange them in neat rows, with the front of each card plainly visible. That way, they can simply scan each row until they find their card and be on their way.\\nSomeone with the last name “Adams,” for instance, should be able to spot their card closer to the front of the table than a couple by the name of “Watanabe.”\\nIf you have more than 1 married couple with the same last name, include the husband’s first name so it’s clear who you’re referring to (“Mr. and Mrs. David Johnson,” as distinct from “Mr. and Mrs. Steven Johnson”).\\n2-4. Use matching table and place cards for assigned seating.\\nIf you intend to designate both the table and individual seat of each guest at your wedding reception, you’ll need to create table and place cards as well. Double-check that the names and numbers on your escort cards correspond with those on the place and table cards to avoid confusing or misplacing your guests.\\nTable cards are large placards used to identify each table in the reception area. They’re typically numbered, but you could also assign your guests to tables named after your favorite flowers, songs, authors, or world wonders—get creative!\\nPlace cards display the names of the guests at a particular table so that everyone knows who everyone else is. It will be necessary to print a separate place card with a unique seat number for each guest, rather than grouping them together the way you did on the escort cards.\\nTips\\nOnce you’ve figured out the best wording for your escort cards, send them off to a calligrapher to have them inked professionally, or print them yourself by hand.\\nIt’s important that handwritten cards be printed legibly so that your guests don’t struggle to read their names.\\nTo cut down on the amount of clutter on the tables, consider letting your menus double as place cards displaying each guest’s name and dinner preference.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Escort cards are used to direct guests to their assigned tables at wedding receptions. When putting together a batch of escort cards for your wedding, it’s important to know the right way to address your guests in order to honor them for their attendance and avoid confusion. As a rule, it’s generally best to use full names to identify solo attendees and unmarried couples, and group married couples and families together by their last names.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Formatting Your Guests’ Names\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address individual guests using their full name.\", \"描述\": \"Guests who are planning on showing up by themselves need only be identified by their first and last name. Consider including the person’s middle initial if they have a common name that may be shared with other guests.\\nUnless your wedding is going to be an informal celebration, don’t use abbreviations or nicknames—write “Samantha” instead of “Sam” and “William” rather than “Bill.”\\nAn escort card for an unaccompanied guest might simply read: “John B. McLemore.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use titles consistently.\", \"描述\": \"It’s alright to refer to your guests as “Mr.” and “Mrs.” as long as you do it for each and every person in attendance. Similarly, you might choose to list unmarried women either by their first and last names or with the additional descriptor “Miss,” but try to keep it the same on each card.\\nSpecial titles like “Dr.” and “Father” can be reserved for distinguished guests as a way of showing respect.\\nIt’s usually okay to address children under the age of 13 without titles.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"List married couples by their last name.\", \"描述\": \"Traditionally, married couples are presented as a pair under the husband’s name, as in “Mr. and Mrs. Edward Jennings.” These days, it’s also acceptable to use both the husband and wife’s names, as in “Edward and Silvia Jennings.”\\nYou might also be able to get away with using the couple’s last name alone if it’s a smaller wedding and there are no other couples with the same surname in attendance.\\nMarried couples should always be listed together on the same card.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put the woman’s name first on cards for unmarried couples.\", \"描述\": \"This goes for guests with dates, engaged couples, and male-female friends coming to the reception together. The same rule can also apply to married couples with different last names. Giving precedence to the woman is considered a polite gesture.\\nIf you have a close male friend who is bringing his new girlfriend, you would write “Leslie Schaeffer and Christopher Hudson.”\\nWhen addressing an escort card to a same-sex couple, you have the option of either listing the names alphabetically or starting with the name of the guest you’re better acquainted with.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use a single card for families who will be seated together.\", \"描述\": \"It’s common for family groups to be addressed collectively. The only exceptions are especially large families and occasions when 1 or more members will be accompanied by their own families, such as a husband and wife arriving independently of 1 spouse’s parents and younger siblings.\\nA card reading “The Gutierrez Family” can account for any number of related guests who have RSVPd to confirm their attendance.\\nPutting whole families down on the same escort card saves you the trouble (and extra materials) of making cards for each person individually.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Note unidentified guests after the name of the person they’re with.\", \"描述\": \"It’s usually sufficient to tack on an “and guest” after the invited guest’s name. Making it a point to mention a guest’s plus-1 is a common courtesy, and can be helpful when you don’t know the person’s name or haven’t yet been formally introduced to them.\\nIf your teenage niece is coming with her best friend who you’ve never met, instance, writing “Allison Tremont and Guest” will allow you to formalize her escort card without making her friend feel left out.\\nFailing to acknowledge an attendee’s guests could offend both parties unintentionally.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Displaying Your Escort Cards\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seal your escort cards in envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"According to custom, escort cards are tucked into miniature envelopes to be opened by the guests as they enter the reception area. If you decide to use envelopes, you’ll write the guest’s name on the face of the envelope and record their table number on the inside of the card itself.\\nEnvelopes are not only more formal, they also add an element of fun and surprise to the proceedings, since guests will have to open their cards to find out what table they’ve been assigned to.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go with tent-style cards for quick and easy seating.\", \"描述\": \"These days, many married couples prefer to keep things simple by using single-piece folding cards in lieu of stuffing each card into its own envelope. When using tent-style cards, display the guest’s name on the outside of the card above their assigned table number, or list the table number separately on the card’s interior.\\nThe major benefit of tent-style cards is that your guests will be able to pick them out and read them much faster, preventing a traffic jam at the entrance to the reception area. However, it also involves less work for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set out your escort cards in rows alphabetically.\", \"描述\": \"To make it easier for your guests to pick out their cards, organize them from A-Z by last name on a large table in your reception area. Arrange them in neat rows, with the front of each card plainly visible. That way, they can simply scan each row until they find their card and be on their way.\\nSomeone with the last name “Adams,” for instance, should be able to spot their card closer to the front of the table than a couple by the name of “Watanabe.”\\nIf you have more than 1 married couple with the same last name, include the husband’s first name so it’s clear who you’re referring to (“Mr. and Mrs. David Johnson,” as distinct from “Mr. and Mrs. Steven Johnson”).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use matching table and place cards for assigned seating.\", \"描述\": \"If you intend to designate both the table and individual seat of each guest at your wedding reception, you’ll need to create table and place cards as well. Double-check that the names and numbers on your escort cards correspond with those on the place and table cards to avoid confusing or misplacing your guests.\\nTable cards are large placards used to identify each table in the reception area. They’re typically numbered, but you could also assign your guests to tables named after your favorite flowers, songs, authors, or world wonders—get creative!\\nPlace cards display the names of the guests at a particular table so that everyone knows who everyone else is. It will be necessary to print a separate place card with a unique seat number for each guest, rather than grouping them together the way you did on the escort cards.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Once you’ve figured out the best wording for your escort cards, send them off to a calligrapher to have them inked professionally, or print them yourself by hand.\\n\", \"It’s important that handwritten cards be printed legibly so that your guests don’t struggle to read their names.\\n\", \"To cut down on the amount of clutter on the tables, consider letting your menus double as place cards displaying each guest’s name and dinner preference.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,230 | How to Address Key Selection Criteria in a Cover Letter | 1. Breaking down the Key Selection Criteria
1-1. Read the key selection criteria thoroughly if they're provided.
Read the criteria through several times to ensure you understand what each one means. If you're having trouble with one, research it to clarify the meaning.
You could also ask the opinion of someone you know to see what they think it means.
Some countries, such as Australia, require that all public-sector jobs provide a list of key selection criteria.
1-2. Establish the criteria if they aren't listed.
If you can't find a labelled section for the criteria, infer what the company is looking for from the job description. Parse each line, and then write down what you think the company is looking for based on that text.
For instance, maybe the job description states the following: "The employee will act as an intermediate between clients and the accounting department. They will take phone calls and emails from both sides, and they will be expected to communicate professionally."
From this text, you can gather that one of the key criterion for the position is to be able to communicate on a professional level with both clients and other staff members.
1-3. Write out relevant experience for each criterion.
Go through each of the selection criterion, and list your relevant education, training, and past job experience. Compare the list to you resume or CV, so you won't forget anything.
2. Structuring Your Cover Letter to Fit the Criteria
2-1. Start with an introductory paragraph.
Always begin with a sentence or two where you identify who you are and what job you're seeking. Don't address the key criteria in this paragraph.
For instance, you might write, "My name is Jessica Roberta, and I am applying for the position of invoice coordinator, a position I heard about through a friend, Jerry Flores. I am uniquely suited for this position due to my 20+ years experience in invoicing, as well as the positions I've held as an administrative assistant."
2-2. Place your selection criteria in the body paragraphs of the cover letter.
Transition into discussing how you fit the key criteria, which will make up the body of your cover letter. Spend 2 to 3 paragraphs on this section.
For instance, you could begin your second paragraph this way:
"I am applying for this position because I have the initiative, organizational skills, and relevant computer experience you are looking for in a candidate."
Move on to discussing your examples of each criteria.
2-3. Make complete sentences from your notes.
Take the examples and experience you listed under your notes for each criteria, and put them in complete sentences. Include just the most relevant information.
Keep it concise and to the point, as you don't have much space in a cover letter.
For instance, maybe you wrote, "training book project at the accounting firm," "burger job," and "school project." Pick the most important one.
You could write, "I often take initiative on projects. For instance, when I realized my accounting firm didn't have a training manual, I took the initiative to create one myself."
2-4. Address the selection criteria one by one if you have space.
Addressing the selection criteria one by one ensures you cover each criterion. It also makes it clear to the reader how you exemplify each one.
For instance, with good organizational skills, you might say, "I have strong organizational skills." Then go on to your example: "I reorganized the filing system for the office I worked in, and efficiency improved by 25%."
2-5. Close the letter by restating your interest.
In the final paragraph, say how much you'd like the position again. Note when you're available to interview, and thank the reader for their time. Also, provide contact information.
For example, you might write the following closing paragraph: "In closing, I would love to work for Invoicing Brands. My valuable experience would make me a great fit. Thank you for your time, and if you need to reach me, I am available all this week and next at 123-456-7890 or [email protected]."
3. Providing Examples and Checking Your Work
3-1. Provide an example for ability to work under pressure.
Working well under pressure means you are able to prioritize tasks to meet deadlines. A relevant example would show how you organized your time well in a previous position.
For instance, you might write, "In my position as an invoice manager, I was able to submit invoices on time 98% of the time. I managed that by prioritizing incoming invoices and working quickly to get them done. Then I finished the rest of the work that needed to be done in the office."
3-2. Establish your resilience with an example.
Resilience is bouncing back from setbacks and working through obstacles to achieve goals. Use an example from a job when you were able to complete a large project despite setbacks.
For example, you could write, "I have shown resiliency in past positions, particularly when I worked on a training manual at XYZ Financials. It took me several months to complete the project, partly due to lack of support and printing issues, but in the end, I persevered. XYZ Financials now has a training manual to be proud of."
3-3. Demonstrate that you have problem-solving skills.
If you have problem-solving skills, you are able to look at all angles of an issue and develop with a creative solution to solve it.
For example, you might write, "At my position with XYZ Financials, I noticed staff members wasted time because of an inefficient filing system. No one wanted to shut down the area long enough to reorganize it during the week. I came up with an innovative solution, a weekend refiling extravaganza. We took one weekend to completely reorganize the area."
3-4. Cover more than one criterion with a single example to save space.
You may have more selection criteria than you have room to cover singly in a 1 page cover letter. In that case, look for an example that can address more than one criterion at a time to save space.
For instance, maybe 3 of the criteria are "good organizational skills," "takes initiative," and "competent computer skills."
You might write, "In my position as an office clerk, I built a database to reorganize the office filing system. Efficiency improved by 25% in the office, and my manager was impressed by my computer skills, my organizational abilities, and my initiative."
Read through your letter. As you do, check off each of the key selection criteria you were supposed to cover. Make sure you included as many as you could in the letter.
3-5. Focus on what you can do.
In an ideal world, you'd meet every job criteria perfectly. However, if that's not the case, don't point out the skills you haven't developed. Place the emphasis on what skills you do have.
For example, don't say, "My organizational skills aren't great, but I am fantastic on the computer."
Instead, say, "My computer skills are above par, as evidenced by the fact that I developed a database for our filing system in my last position."
3-6. Sign the letter.
Finish off with a formal closing, such as "Sincerely," followed by a comma. Place your typed name underneath. If you're sending in a print copy, put a few line spaces between the "Sincerely" and your name so that you can sign it.
3-7. Proofread your letter for mistakes.
Carefully go over your letter looking for typos and grammar mistakes. Read it aloud to yourself, as that will help you go slower and find errors.
Make sure you have spelling and grammar check enabled on your document to help you catch mistakes.
Ensure you've set a formal tone throughout. A formal tone is more professional than an informal tone. Don't use slang, and avoid contractions. You can use jargon specific to your field, but only if you're sure your potential employer will know it.
Once you've polished it, let another person proofread it. You can ask someone you trust professionally, for instance. If you're a student, take it to the career center if your campus has one.
3-8. Look for flow issues with your writing.
Don't just look for grammar errors. Make sure each sentence flows into the next, and you're not too abrupt in your writing. When your writing flows, your sentences and paragraphs logically move from one to the next.
When looking for flow, check that each sentence moves smoothly into the next one. For instance, you might write the following sentences: "I gained experience in computer skills at my position at XYZ Financials. Because of this position, I have experience in Microsoft Office and databases."
They flow together because you use one sentence to transition into the next, referencing the position from the previous sentence to begin the following sentence.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Breaking down the Key Selection Criteria\\n1-1. Read the key selection criteria thoroughly if they're provided.\\nRead the criteria through several times to ensure you understand what each one means. If you're having trouble with one, research it to clarify the meaning.\\nYou could also ask the opinion of someone you know to see what they think it means.\\nSome countries, such as Australia, require that all public-sector jobs provide a list of key selection criteria.\\n1-2. Establish the criteria if they aren't listed.\\nIf you can't find a labelled section for the criteria, infer what the company is looking for from the job description. Parse each line, and then write down what you think the company is looking for based on that text.\\nFor instance, maybe the job description states the following: \\\"The employee will act as an intermediate between clients and the accounting department. They will take phone calls and emails from both sides, and they will be expected to communicate professionally.\\\"\\nFrom this text, you can gather that one of the key criterion for the position is to be able to communicate on a professional level with both clients and other staff members.\\n1-3. Write out relevant experience for each criterion.\\nGo through each of the selection criterion, and list your relevant education, training, and past job experience. Compare the list to you resume or CV, so you won't forget anything.\\n2. Structuring Your Cover Letter to Fit the Criteria\\n2-1. Start with an introductory paragraph.\\nAlways begin with a sentence or two where you identify who you are and what job you're seeking. Don't address the key criteria in this paragraph.\\nFor instance, you might write, \\\"My name is Jessica Roberta, and I am applying for the position of invoice coordinator, a position I heard about through a friend, Jerry Flores. I am uniquely suited for this position due to my 20+ years experience in invoicing, as well as the positions I've held as an administrative assistant.\\\"\\n2-2. Place your selection criteria in the body paragraphs of the cover letter.\\nTransition into discussing how you fit the key criteria, which will make up the body of your cover letter. Spend 2 to 3 paragraphs on this section.\\nFor instance, you could begin your second paragraph this way:\\n\\\"I am applying for this position because I have the initiative, organizational skills, and relevant computer experience you are looking for in a candidate.\\\"\\nMove on to discussing your examples of each criteria.\\n2-3. Make complete sentences from your notes.\\nTake the examples and experience you listed under your notes for each criteria, and put them in complete sentences. Include just the most relevant information.\\nKeep it concise and to the point, as you don't have much space in a cover letter.\\nFor instance, maybe you wrote, \\\"training book project at the accounting firm,\\\" \\\"burger job,\\\" and \\\"school project.\\\" Pick the most important one.\\nYou could write, \\\"I often take initiative on projects. For instance, when I realized my accounting firm didn't have a training manual, I took the initiative to create one myself.\\\"\\n2-4. Address the selection criteria one by one if you have space.\\nAddressing the selection criteria one by one ensures you cover each criterion. It also makes it clear to the reader how you exemplify each one.\\nFor instance, with good organizational skills, you might say, \\\"I have strong organizational skills.\\\" Then go on to your example: \\\"I reorganized the filing system for the office I worked in, and efficiency improved by 25%.\\\"\\n2-5. Close the letter by restating your interest.\\nIn the final paragraph, say how much you'd like the position again. Note when you're available to interview, and thank the reader for their time. Also, provide contact information.\\nFor example, you might write the following closing paragraph: \\\"In closing, I would love to work for Invoicing Brands. My valuable experience would make me a great fit. Thank you for your time, and if you need to reach me, I am available all this week and next at 123-456-7890 or [email protected].\\\"\\n3. Providing Examples and Checking Your Work\\n3-1. Provide an example for ability to work under pressure.\\nWorking well under pressure means you are able to prioritize tasks to meet deadlines. A relevant example would show how you organized your time well in a previous position.\\nFor instance, you might write, \\\"In my position as an invoice manager, I was able to submit invoices on time 98% of the time. I managed that by prioritizing incoming invoices and working quickly to get them done. Then I finished the rest of the work that needed to be done in the office.\\\"\\n3-2. Establish your resilience with an example.\\nResilience is bouncing back from setbacks and working through obstacles to achieve goals. Use an example from a job when you were able to complete a large project despite setbacks.\\nFor example, you could write, \\\"I have shown resiliency in past positions, particularly when I worked on a training manual at XYZ Financials. It took me several months to complete the project, partly due to lack of support and printing issues, but in the end, I persevered. XYZ Financials now has a training manual to be proud of.\\\"\\n3-3. Demonstrate that you have problem-solving skills.\\nIf you have problem-solving skills, you are able to look at all angles of an issue and develop with a creative solution to solve it.\\nFor example, you might write, \\\"At my position with XYZ Financials, I noticed staff members wasted time because of an inefficient filing system. No one wanted to shut down the area long enough to reorganize it during the week. I came up with an innovative solution, a weekend refiling extravaganza. We took one weekend to completely reorganize the area.\\\"\\n3-4. Cover more than one criterion with a single example to save space.\\nYou may have more selection criteria than you have room to cover singly in a 1 page cover letter. In that case, look for an example that can address more than one criterion at a time to save space.\\nFor instance, maybe 3 of the criteria are \\\"good organizational skills,\\\" \\\"takes initiative,\\\" and \\\"competent computer skills.\\\"\\nYou might write, \\\"In my position as an office clerk, I built a database to reorganize the office filing system. Efficiency improved by 25% in the office, and my manager was impressed by my computer skills, my organizational abilities, and my initiative.\\\"\\nRead through your letter. As you do, check off each of the key selection criteria you were supposed to cover. Make sure you included as many as you could in the letter.\\n3-5. Focus on what you can do.\\nIn an ideal world, you'd meet every job criteria perfectly. However, if that's not the case, don't point out the skills you haven't developed. Place the emphasis on what skills you do have.\\nFor example, don't say, \\\"My organizational skills aren't great, but I am fantastic on the computer.\\\"\\nInstead, say, \\\"My computer skills are above par, as evidenced by the fact that I developed a database for our filing system in my last position.\\\"\\n3-6. Sign the letter.\\nFinish off with a formal closing, such as \\\"Sincerely,\\\" followed by a comma. Place your typed name underneath. If you're sending in a print copy, put a few line spaces between the \\\"Sincerely\\\" and your name so that you can sign it.\\n3-7. Proofread your letter for mistakes.\\nCarefully go over your letter looking for typos and grammar mistakes. Read it aloud to yourself, as that will help you go slower and find errors.\\nMake sure you have spelling and grammar check enabled on your document to help you catch mistakes.\\nEnsure you've set a formal tone throughout. A formal tone is more professional than an informal tone. Don't use slang, and avoid contractions. You can use jargon specific to your field, but only if you're sure your potential employer will know it.\\nOnce you've polished it, let another person proofread it. You can ask someone you trust professionally, for instance. If you're a student, take it to the career center if your campus has one.\\n3-8. Look for flow issues with your writing.\\nDon't just look for grammar errors. Make sure each sentence flows into the next, and you're not too abrupt in your writing. When your writing flows, your sentences and paragraphs logically move from one to the next.\\nWhen looking for flow, check that each sentence moves smoothly into the next one. For instance, you might write the following sentences: \\\"I gained experience in computer skills at my position at XYZ Financials. Because of this position, I have experience in Microsoft Office and databases.\\\"\\nThey flow together because you use one sentence to transition into the next, referencing the position from the previous sentence to begin the following sentence.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're applying for a job, you may be unsure how to write the cover letter or how to include key selection criteria. The key selection criteria, also known as the job requirements, are the main things your potential employer wants to see, and you must address each one in your cover letter. Start by figuring out exactly what the employer wants, and address them in the body of your letter. Follow up with a thorough proofreading, including checking your cover letter against the selection criteria.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Breaking down the Key Selection Criteria\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read the key selection criteria thoroughly if they're provided.\", \"描述\": \"Read the criteria through several times to ensure you understand what each one means. If you're having trouble with one, research it to clarify the meaning.\\nYou could also ask the opinion of someone you know to see what they think it means.\\nSome countries, such as Australia, require that all public-sector jobs provide a list of key selection criteria.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Establish the criteria if they aren't listed.\", \"描述\": \"If you can't find a labelled section for the criteria, infer what the company is looking for from the job description. Parse each line, and then write down what you think the company is looking for based on that text.\\nFor instance, maybe the job description states the following: \\\"The employee will act as an intermediate between clients and the accounting department. They will take phone calls and emails from both sides, and they will be expected to communicate professionally.\\\"\\nFrom this text, you can gather that one of the key criterion for the position is to be able to communicate on a professional level with both clients and other staff members.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write out relevant experience for each criterion.\", \"描述\": \"Go through each of the selection criterion, and list your relevant education, training, and past job experience. Compare the list to you resume or CV, so you won't forget anything.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Structuring Your Cover Letter to Fit the Criteria\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start with an introductory paragraph.\", \"描述\": \"Always begin with a sentence or two where you identify who you are and what job you're seeking. Don't address the key criteria in this paragraph.\\nFor instance, you might write, \\\"My name is Jessica Roberta, and I am applying for the position of invoice coordinator, a position I heard about through a friend, Jerry Flores. I am uniquely suited for this position due to my 20+ years experience in invoicing, as well as the positions I've held as an administrative assistant.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place your selection criteria in the body paragraphs of the cover letter.\", \"描述\": \"Transition into discussing how you fit the key criteria, which will make up the body of your cover letter. Spend 2 to 3 paragraphs on this section.\\nFor instance, you could begin your second paragraph this way:\\n\\\"I am applying for this position because I have the initiative, organizational skills, and relevant computer experience you are looking for in a candidate.\\\"\\nMove on to discussing your examples of each criteria.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make complete sentences from your notes.\", \"描述\": \"Take the examples and experience you listed under your notes for each criteria, and put them in complete sentences. Include just the most relevant information.\\nKeep it concise and to the point, as you don't have much space in a cover letter.\\nFor instance, maybe you wrote, \\\"training book project at the accounting firm,\\\" \\\"burger job,\\\" and \\\"school project.\\\" Pick the most important one.\\nYou could write, \\\"I often take initiative on projects. For instance, when I realized my accounting firm didn't have a training manual, I took the initiative to create one myself.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address the selection criteria one by one if you have space.\", \"描述\": \"Addressing the selection criteria one by one ensures you cover each criterion. It also makes it clear to the reader how you exemplify each one.\\nFor instance, with good organizational skills, you might say, \\\"I have strong organizational skills.\\\" Then go on to your example: \\\"I reorganized the filing system for the office I worked in, and efficiency improved by 25%.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Close the letter by restating your interest.\", \"描述\": \"In the final paragraph, say how much you'd like the position again. Note when you're available to interview, and thank the reader for their time. Also, provide contact information.\\nFor example, you might write the following closing paragraph: \\\"In closing, I would love to work for Invoicing Brands. My valuable experience would make me a great fit. Thank you for your time, and if you need to reach me, I am available all this week and next at 123-456-7890 or [email protected].\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Providing Examples and Checking Your Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Provide an example for ability to work under pressure.\", \"描述\": \"Working well under pressure means you are able to prioritize tasks to meet deadlines. A relevant example would show how you organized your time well in a previous position.\\nFor instance, you might write, \\\"In my position as an invoice manager, I was able to submit invoices on time 98% of the time. I managed that by prioritizing incoming invoices and working quickly to get them done. Then I finished the rest of the work that needed to be done in the office.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Establish your resilience with an example.\", \"描述\": \"Resilience is bouncing back from setbacks and working through obstacles to achieve goals. Use an example from a job when you were able to complete a large project despite setbacks.\\nFor example, you could write, \\\"I have shown resiliency in past positions, particularly when I worked on a training manual at XYZ Financials. It took me several months to complete the project, partly due to lack of support and printing issues, but in the end, I persevered. XYZ Financials now has a training manual to be proud of.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate that you have problem-solving skills.\", \"描述\": \"If you have problem-solving skills, you are able to look at all angles of an issue and develop with a creative solution to solve it.\\nFor example, you might write, \\\"At my position with XYZ Financials, I noticed staff members wasted time because of an inefficient filing system. No one wanted to shut down the area long enough to reorganize it during the week. I came up with an innovative solution, a weekend refiling extravaganza. We took one weekend to completely reorganize the area.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cover more than one criterion with a single example to save space.\", \"描述\": \"You may have more selection criteria than you have room to cover singly in a 1 page cover letter. In that case, look for an example that can address more than one criterion at a time to save space.\\nFor instance, maybe 3 of the criteria are \\\"good organizational skills,\\\" \\\"takes initiative,\\\" and \\\"competent computer skills.\\\"\\nYou might write, \\\"In my position as an office clerk, I built a database to reorganize the office filing system. Efficiency improved by 25% in the office, and my manager was impressed by my computer skills, my organizational abilities, and my initiative.\\\"\\nRead through your letter. As you do, check off each of the key selection criteria you were supposed to cover. Make sure you included as many as you could in the letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Focus on what you can do.\", \"描述\": \"In an ideal world, you'd meet every job criteria perfectly. However, if that's not the case, don't point out the skills you haven't developed. Place the emphasis on what skills you do have.\\nFor example, don't say, \\\"My organizational skills aren't great, but I am fantastic on the computer.\\\"\\nInstead, say, \\\"My computer skills are above par, as evidenced by the fact that I developed a database for our filing system in my last position.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sign the letter.\", \"描述\": \"Finish off with a formal closing, such as \\\"Sincerely,\\\" followed by a comma. Place your typed name underneath. If you're sending in a print copy, put a few line spaces between the \\\"Sincerely\\\" and your name so that you can sign it.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Proofread your letter for mistakes.\", \"描述\": \"Carefully go over your letter looking for typos and grammar mistakes. Read it aloud to yourself, as that will help you go slower and find errors.\\nMake sure you have spelling and grammar check enabled on your document to help you catch mistakes.\\nEnsure you've set a formal tone throughout. A formal tone is more professional than an informal tone. Don't use slang, and avoid contractions. You can use jargon specific to your field, but only if you're sure your potential employer will know it.\\nOnce you've polished it, let another person proofread it. You can ask someone you trust professionally, for instance. If you're a student, take it to the career center if your campus has one.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Look for flow issues with your writing.\", \"描述\": \"Don't just look for grammar errors. Make sure each sentence flows into the next, and you're not too abrupt in your writing. When your writing flows, your sentences and paragraphs logically move from one to the next.\\nWhen looking for flow, check that each sentence moves smoothly into the next one. For instance, you might write the following sentences: \\\"I gained experience in computer skills at my position at XYZ Financials. Because of this position, I have experience in Microsoft Office and databases.\\\"\\nThey flow together because you use one sentence to transition into the next, referencing the position from the previous sentence to begin the following sentence.\"}]}]}}",
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1,231 | How to Address Lords | 1. Addressing Members of the House of Lords
1-1. Address the Lord Speaker as “Lord Speaker.
The Lord Speaker is the speaker in the House of Lords in the parliament in the UK. They are to be addressed only by their title.
For written correspondence, such as an email or a letter, you would start with "Dear Lord Speaker." This applies to all members of the House of Lords; you just put "Dear" in front of their proper title for formal correspondence.
If you make a request, close the letter with a thank you and include your name.
To address the envelope on a letter to the Lord Speaker, you also need to include “The Right Honorable the,” followed by “Lord,” their surname, and “Lord Speaker.” For example, the current Lord Speaker is Normal Fowler, so the envelope would say: “The Right Honorable the Lord Fowler, Lord Speaker.”
1-2. Call certain members “Lord” or “Lady” followed by their surname.
Use “Lord” for male members of the House of Lords who hold the title of Baron, Earl, Marquess or Viscount. Use “Lady” for female members of the House of Lords who hold the title of Baroness, Countess, or Lady.
For example, say “Lord Williams” or “Lady Jameson.”
If you are addressing an envelope to a Baron or Lady, include “The Right Honorable the” in front of their title. For example, “The Right Honorable the Lord Williams” or “The Right Honorable the Lady Jameson.”
If you are addressing an envelope to an Earl, Marquess, Viscount, or Baroness, use special titles instead of “The Right Honorable”. Here are some examples of how you would write the special titles: “The Earl of London,” “The Most Honorable the Marquess of Sherwood,” “The Viscount Johnson,” and “The Baroness Tokyo.”
1-3. Address Dukes and Duchesses using only their title.
Dukes and Duchesses are to be addressed by their full title which includes the name of the place they hold the title. Don’t use “Lord” or “Lady.”
For example, say “Duke of Earl” or “Duchess of Nottingham.”
To address an envelope to a Duke or Duchess, you need to start with “His Grace the” or “Her Grace the.” For instance, “His Grace the Duke of Earl” or “Her Grace the Duchess of Nottingham.”
1-4. Call archbishops and bishops by their special titles.
High-ranking members of the Church of England are also permitted to sit in the House of Lords. Bishops are addressed as “Lord Bishop” and archbishops are simply addressed as “Archbishop.”
To address an envelope to an archbishop, write, for example, “The Most Reverend and the Right Honorable the Archbishop of Canterbury.” For bishops, write, for instance, “The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Brighton.”
2. Using Lord to Address Judges
2-1. Call all judges “My Lord” or “My Lady” in Court.
Always refer to judges as “My Lord” or “My Lady,” depending on their gender, when speaking to them in court. It doesn’t matter if their official title includes “Lord” or not.
It’s important to always do this to show respect towards the judge that is presiding over the courtroom.
2-2. Address the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales by their title in writing.
Always start written correspondence to the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales with “Dear Lord Chief Justice.” You don’t need to include “of England and Wales.”
When you address a high-ranking person, you should use their title. You do need to write their full title on the address on an envelope, which is “The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.”
2-3. Use “Lord” or “Lady Justice” when writing to Court of Appeals judges.
Judges who preside over the Court of Appeals have the title of “Lord Justices of Appeal.” Address a male Court of Appeals judge as “Lord Justice” and a female Court of Appeals judge as “Lady Justice” in emails or letters.
When speaking to these judges in court, you still only have to say “My Lord” or “My Lady.”
2-4. Address envelopes to “The Right Honorable the” followed by the judge’s title.
This applies when writing to any judge. They do not have to have a title that includes “Lord” or “Lady.”
For example, “The Right Honorable the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.” An example of a different judge’s title written on an envelope is “The Right Honorable the Chancellor of the High Court.”
3. Addressing a Lord Mayor or Lady Mayoress
3-1. Say “My Lord Mayor” or “My Lady Mayoress” in person.
The Lord Mayor or Lady Mayoress is to be addressed as such at all times when they are wearing the chains or badge of mayor. Use this when formally greeting them in person.
To begin a letter, you can either write “My Lord Mayor” or “My Dear Lord Mayor.” Add “and Lady Mayoress” if you are writing to both of them
Lord Mayor or Lady Mayoress is a title given to the mayor of London and mayors of other big cities in the UK. It is not typically given to mayors of smaller cities.
3-2. Use the Lord Mayor’s full title when addressing an envelope or in a speech.
The full title begins with “The Right Worshipful the Lord Mayor of,” followed by the name of the city they are mayor of, and ending with their name preceded by “Councillor”. Use this on the front of an envelope or when addressing the Lord Mayor at the beginning of a speech.
For example, “The Right Worshipful the Lord Mayor of Norfolk, Councillor Aubrey Graham.”
3-3. Refer to female companions of Lord Mayors at events as “Lady Mayoress.”
This applies to any female companion, such as their wife or daughter. You can either say “Lady Mayoress” or “My Lady Mayoress” when you are speaking to them in person.
If the Lord Mayor’s companion is male, they are typically referred to as “Consort.” This also applies to male companions of Lady Mayoresses.
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing Members of the House of Lords\\n1-1. Address the Lord Speaker as “Lord Speaker.\\nThe Lord Speaker is the speaker in the House of Lords in the parliament in the UK. They are to be addressed only by their title.\\nFor written correspondence, such as an email or a letter, you would start with \\\"Dear Lord Speaker.\\\" This applies to all members of the House of Lords; you just put \\\"Dear\\\" in front of their proper title for formal correspondence.\\nIf you make a request, close the letter with a thank you and include your name.\\nTo address the envelope on a letter to the Lord Speaker, you also need to include “The Right Honorable the,” followed by “Lord,” their surname, and “Lord Speaker.” For example, the current Lord Speaker is Normal Fowler, so the envelope would say: “The Right Honorable the Lord Fowler, Lord Speaker.”\\n1-2. Call certain members “Lord” or “Lady” followed by their surname.\\nUse “Lord” for male members of the House of Lords who hold the title of Baron, Earl, Marquess or Viscount. Use “Lady” for female members of the House of Lords who hold the title of Baroness, Countess, or Lady.\\n\\nFor example, say “Lord Williams” or “Lady Jameson.”\\nIf you are addressing an envelope to a Baron or Lady, include “The Right Honorable the” in front of their title. For example, “The Right Honorable the Lord Williams” or “The Right Honorable the Lady Jameson.”\\nIf you are addressing an envelope to an Earl, Marquess, Viscount, or Baroness, use special titles instead of “The Right Honorable”. Here are some examples of how you would write the special titles: “The Earl of London,” “The Most Honorable the Marquess of Sherwood,” “The Viscount Johnson,” and “The Baroness Tokyo.”\\n1-3. Address Dukes and Duchesses using only their title.\\nDukes and Duchesses are to be addressed by their full title which includes the name of the place they hold the title. Don’t use “Lord” or “Lady.”\\nFor example, say “Duke of Earl” or “Duchess of Nottingham.”\\nTo address an envelope to a Duke or Duchess, you need to start with “His Grace the” or “Her Grace the.” For instance, “His Grace the Duke of Earl” or “Her Grace the Duchess of Nottingham.”\\n1-4. Call archbishops and bishops by their special titles.\\nHigh-ranking members of the Church of England are also permitted to sit in the House of Lords. Bishops are addressed as “Lord Bishop” and archbishops are simply addressed as “Archbishop.”\\nTo address an envelope to an archbishop, write, for example, “The Most Reverend and the Right Honorable the Archbishop of Canterbury.” For bishops, write, for instance, “The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Brighton.”\\n2. Using Lord to Address Judges\\n2-1. Call all judges “My Lord” or “My Lady” in Court.\\nAlways refer to judges as “My Lord” or “My Lady,” depending on their gender, when speaking to them in court. It doesn’t matter if their official title includes “Lord” or not.\\nIt’s important to always do this to show respect towards the judge that is presiding over the courtroom.\\n2-2. Address the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales by their title in writing.\\nAlways start written correspondence to the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales with “Dear Lord Chief Justice.” You don’t need to include “of England and Wales.”\\nWhen you address a high-ranking person, you should use their title. You do need to write their full title on the address on an envelope, which is “The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.”\\n2-3. Use “Lord” or “Lady Justice” when writing to Court of Appeals judges.\\nJudges who preside over the Court of Appeals have the title of “Lord Justices of Appeal.” Address a male Court of Appeals judge as “Lord Justice” and a female Court of Appeals judge as “Lady Justice” in emails or letters.\\nWhen speaking to these judges in court, you still only have to say “My Lord” or “My Lady.”\\n2-4. Address envelopes to “The Right Honorable the” followed by the judge’s title.\\nThis applies when writing to any judge. They do not have to have a title that includes “Lord” or “Lady.”\\nFor example, “The Right Honorable the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.” An example of a different judge’s title written on an envelope is “The Right Honorable the Chancellor of the High Court.”\\n3. Addressing a Lord Mayor or Lady Mayoress\\n3-1. Say “My Lord Mayor” or “My Lady Mayoress” in person.\\nThe Lord Mayor or Lady Mayoress is to be addressed as such at all times when they are wearing the chains or badge of mayor. Use this when formally greeting them in person.\\nTo begin a letter, you can either write “My Lord Mayor” or “My Dear Lord Mayor.” Add “and Lady Mayoress” if you are writing to both of them\\nLord Mayor or Lady Mayoress is a title given to the mayor of London and mayors of other big cities in the UK. It is not typically given to mayors of smaller cities.\\n3-2. Use the Lord Mayor’s full title when addressing an envelope or in a speech.\\nThe full title begins with “The Right Worshipful the Lord Mayor of,” followed by the name of the city they are mayor of, and ending with their name preceded by “Councillor”. Use this on the front of an envelope or when addressing the Lord Mayor at the beginning of a speech.\\nFor example, “The Right Worshipful the Lord Mayor of Norfolk, Councillor Aubrey Graham.”\\n3-3. Refer to female companions of Lord Mayors at events as “Lady Mayoress.”\\nThis applies to any female companion, such as their wife or daughter. You can either say “Lady Mayoress” or “My Lady Mayoress” when you are speaking to them in person.\\nIf the Lord Mayor’s companion is male, they are typically referred to as “Consort.” This also applies to male companions of Lady Mayoresses.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The title of “Lord” is used in the UK to address individuals who hold a particular authority, control, or power over others in society. It was traditionally a title given to members of the nobility and passed down through generations, but today it is also used as an honorary title. It can be used to address members of the House of Lords, which is the upper house of the parliament of the UK, as well as other officials including judges and mayors. Whether you’re writing formal correspondence or speaking directly to someone who holds the title of Lord, it’s important to know how to address them properly.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing Members of the House of Lords\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the Lord Speaker as “Lord Speaker.\", \"描述\": \"The Lord Speaker is the speaker in the House of Lords in the parliament in the UK. They are to be addressed only by their title.\\nFor written correspondence, such as an email or a letter, you would start with \\\"Dear Lord Speaker.\\\" This applies to all members of the House of Lords; you just put \\\"Dear\\\" in front of their proper title for formal correspondence.\\nIf you make a request, close the letter with a thank you and include your name.\\nTo address the envelope on a letter to the Lord Speaker, you also need to include “The Right Honorable the,” followed by “Lord,” their surname, and “Lord Speaker.” For example, the current Lord Speaker is Normal Fowler, so the envelope would say: “The Right Honorable the Lord Fowler, Lord Speaker.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call certain members “Lord” or “Lady” followed by their surname.\", \"描述\": \"Use “Lord” for male members of the House of Lords who hold the title of Baron, Earl, Marquess or Viscount. Use “Lady” for female members of the House of Lords who hold the title of Baroness, Countess, or Lady.\\n\\nFor example, say “Lord Williams” or “Lady Jameson.”\\nIf you are addressing an envelope to a Baron or Lady, include “The Right Honorable the” in front of their title. For example, “The Right Honorable the Lord Williams” or “The Right Honorable the Lady Jameson.”\\nIf you are addressing an envelope to an Earl, Marquess, Viscount, or Baroness, use special titles instead of “The Right Honorable”. Here are some examples of how you would write the special titles: “The Earl of London,” “The Most Honorable the Marquess of Sherwood,” “The Viscount Johnson,” and “The Baroness Tokyo.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address Dukes and Duchesses using only their title.\", \"描述\": \"Dukes and Duchesses are to be addressed by their full title which includes the name of the place they hold the title. Don’t use “Lord” or “Lady.”\\nFor example, say “Duke of Earl” or “Duchess of Nottingham.”\\nTo address an envelope to a Duke or Duchess, you need to start with “His Grace the” or “Her Grace the.” For instance, “His Grace the Duke of Earl” or “Her Grace the Duchess of Nottingham.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Call archbishops and bishops by their special titles.\", \"描述\": \"High-ranking members of the Church of England are also permitted to sit in the House of Lords. Bishops are addressed as “Lord Bishop” and archbishops are simply addressed as “Archbishop.”\\nTo address an envelope to an archbishop, write, for example, “The Most Reverend and the Right Honorable the Archbishop of Canterbury.” For bishops, write, for instance, “The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Brighton.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Lord to Address Judges\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call all judges “My Lord” or “My Lady” in Court.\", \"描述\": \"Always refer to judges as “My Lord” or “My Lady,” depending on their gender, when speaking to them in court. It doesn’t matter if their official title includes “Lord” or not.\\nIt’s important to always do this to show respect towards the judge that is presiding over the courtroom.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales by their title in writing.\", \"描述\": \"Always start written correspondence to the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales with “Dear Lord Chief Justice.” You don’t need to include “of England and Wales.”\\nWhen you address a high-ranking person, you should use their title. You do need to write their full title on the address on an envelope, which is “The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use “Lord” or “Lady Justice” when writing to Court of Appeals judges.\", \"描述\": \"Judges who preside over the Court of Appeals have the title of “Lord Justices of Appeal.” Address a male Court of Appeals judge as “Lord Justice” and a female Court of Appeals judge as “Lady Justice” in emails or letters.\\nWhen speaking to these judges in court, you still only have to say “My Lord” or “My Lady.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address envelopes to “The Right Honorable the” followed by the judge’s title.\", \"描述\": \"This applies when writing to any judge. They do not have to have a title that includes “Lord” or “Lady.”\\nFor example, “The Right Honorable the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.” An example of a different judge’s title written on an envelope is “The Right Honorable the Chancellor of the High Court.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Lord Mayor or Lady Mayoress\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Say “My Lord Mayor” or “My Lady Mayoress” in person.\", \"描述\": \"The Lord Mayor or Lady Mayoress is to be addressed as such at all times when they are wearing the chains or badge of mayor. Use this when formally greeting them in person.\\nTo begin a letter, you can either write “My Lord Mayor” or “My Dear Lord Mayor.” Add “and Lady Mayoress” if you are writing to both of them\\nLord Mayor or Lady Mayoress is a title given to the mayor of London and mayors of other big cities in the UK. It is not typically given to mayors of smaller cities.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the Lord Mayor’s full title when addressing an envelope or in a speech.\", \"描述\": \"The full title begins with “The Right Worshipful the Lord Mayor of,” followed by the name of the city they are mayor of, and ending with their name preceded by “Councillor”. Use this on the front of an envelope or when addressing the Lord Mayor at the beginning of a speech.\\nFor example, “The Right Worshipful the Lord Mayor of Norfolk, Councillor Aubrey Graham.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Refer to female companions of Lord Mayors at events as “Lady Mayoress.”\", \"描述\": \"This applies to any female companion, such as their wife or daughter. You can either say “Lady Mayoress” or “My Lady Mayoress” when you are speaking to them in person.\\nIf the Lord Mayor’s companion is male, they are typically referred to as “Consort.” This also applies to male companions of Lady Mayoresses.\"}]}]}}",
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1,232 | How to Properly Address Military Personnel | 1. Selecting the Proper Title
1-1. Use the formula of title of address + last name to address service members.
Regardless of whether you’re enlisted or not, you always address a service member by their rank’s title of address, followed by their last name. Title of address refers to the official designation for addressing a given rank.
In some cases, like for majors, the rank and the type of address are identical. A major named Angie Nunez would be addressed, “Major Nunez.”
For some ranks, like lieutenant colonels, the title of address is different. If there were a lieutenant colonel named Andrew Bates, they would just be “Colonel Bates.”
1-2. Shorten high ranking officials to the main rank when addressing them.
If a ranking service member holds a position that’s more than 1 word long (i.e. “brigadier general”), you address them by shortening it to the highest position in that title. For example, a lieutenant is lower than a colonel, so you would address a lieutenant colonel simply by “Colonel.”
Address generals as “General” regardless of their stars or status. Major generals, brigadier generals, and one-star generals are all addressed as “General.”
Call Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels “Colonel.”
Address First and Second Lieutenants as “Lieutenant.”
Call Majors “Major.”
Address Captains as “Captain.”
1-3. Be specific when addressing Sergeants if you know the full rank.
The one group of ranking officers that doesn’t follow the standard title of address rules are sergeants. Here are the rules when it comes to addressing sergeants:
You call first class sergeants, staff sergeants, and master sergeants simply “Sergeant” with no modifiers or descriptors.
Sergeant majors always get the full title, “Sergeant Major.”
First sergeants also get the full title and they go by “First Sergeant.”
1-4. Use the special Navy and Coast Guard titles if applicable.
There are a handful of ranks that are unique to the Coast Guard and Navy. Some of these ranks are fairly niche, but you should still use the proper title of address when talking to service members in these branches.
Admirals and commanders all follow the same rules as generals. A brigadier admiral is addressed “Admiral” while a lieutenant commander just goes by “Commander.”
Gendered ranks in the Navy are no longer used. The official way to address seamen and midshipmen is to call them “Sailor.”
Ensigns all go by “Ensign.”
1-5. Address all privates and specialists by their base title.
There are various classes and pay grades for privates. Luckily, they’re all addressed the same way regardless of their pay grade or position. You call them “Private.”
Regardless of the specialty, all specialists go by “Specialist.”
You get a choice with first class privates. You can either call them “Private,” or address them as “PFC,” which is short for “private first class.”
1-6. Skip the title when you’re addressing warrant officers.
Warrant Officers do not get a special title. Address them as Mister, Miss, or Misses depending on their personal preferences.
Warrant officers work in technical fields, like intelligence. You probably aren’t going to run into very many warrant officers.
2. Writing Letters and Emails
2-1. Use the rank’s shorthand when addressing letters to service members.
If you’re addressing a physical letter to a service member, you don’t have to spell out the entire title in the body of the message or on the envelope. In these cases, use the shorthand. The official shorthand’s do not always correlate to the title of address, so look it up online if you aren’t sure.
For example, a brigadier general’s title of address is just “General,” but their abbreviation is “Brig. Gen.” If you were to write a letter to a brigadier general named Jay Brooke, you would write, “Brig. Gen. Jay Brooke.”
Titles with “first” or “second” in them typically use the number for the abbreviation. A first lieutenant, for example, is abbreviated as “1st Lt.”
You can use whatever subject line you’d like if you’re emailing a service member.
2-2. Include the unit designation, PO box, and designator on the delivery line.
For letters, you do not include the country or city where the service member is located. You do include the ZIP code, though. There are a few unique things you must put on the delivery line to make sure the letter reaches its recipient. Here’s how it looks:
On the line under the shorthand rank and recipient’s name, put UNIT, CMR (community mail room), or PSC (postal service center) followed by that destination’s number. On the same line, write “BOX” followed by the PO box number.
On the bottom line, put APO (Army Post Office) or FPO (Fleet Post Office), followed by AA (for American service members) and the ZIP code.
All together, it should look like this:
SGT. Jason Williamson
UNIT 2913 BOX 150
APO AA 89049
2-3. Spell out the entire rank in the salutation of a letter or email.
Do not use the title of address in the salutation of a letter or email. Instead, use their full title and skip the first name. For example, let’s say you’re addressing a brigadier general named Stacy Johnson. You’d put “Brigadier General Johnson,” or “Dear Brigadier General Johnson,” at the top of your message.
If you’re writing a letter or email and you’re addressing a specific service member, you capitalize the rank.
If you don’t know their full title, use “Sir,” or “Ma’am” in the salutation and don’t include their first or last name.
3. Talking to Military as a Civilian
3-1. Greet military members using their proper title if you know it.
If you know a service member’s rank, use their title of address to talk to them. It is not considered rude or disrespectful to use military terminology when you’ve never served. In fact, it’s a sign of respect!
For example, you might say “Good morning, Major Stevens,” or, “How are you doing, Sergeant Jameson?”
3-2. Use “sir” or “ma’am” if you don’t know their rank or title.
If you aren’t sure what the service member’s rank is, just use the formal “sir” or “ma’am.” Skip the first and last names if you do this. This a sign of respect for service members, probably because it’s the same rule service members use to talk to outranking officers. You can always ask a service member’s official rank later if you’re chatting with them.
For example, if you’re standing in line at the bank or something and there’s a uniformed service officer standing next to you but you don’t know their rank, there’s nothing wrong with saying, “How are you doing, sir?”
3-3. Don’t salute before you address a service members.
There are rules surrounding saluting when service members address officers, but as a civilian you don’t need to do this. Some service members may look at it as a sign of respect, but it isn’t expected of you.
Some service members may get annoyed if you salute them as a civilian. It’s unlikely, but since saluting is an official military gesture, they may take it as an insult.
3-4. Continue using their title even if they’re retired.
A veteran that retired with the rank of colonel is a colonel for life. Address veterans by their official title unless they tell you otherwise.
It’s not uncommon for a veteran to say something like, “Oh, just call me David,” or, “Mr. Ramsey is fine, I haven’t served in years.” Still, it’s better to wait for them to ask you to drop the title than it is to assume they don’t want you to use it.
4. Addressing Personnel when You’re Enlisted
4-1. Stand at attention
If you’re actively serving and an outranking officer enters the room, stand up and enter a salute. Wait for the officer to put you “at ease” or “carry on” before letting the salute down or moving.
If you’ve just joined the military and you’re still stepping on eggshells over how to speak to officers, don’t worry. All of this will all become second nature soon enough.
4-2. Use “sir” or “ma’am” if they’re addressing you directly.
If an officer is talking directly to you and they’re asking you a question or waiting for a response, be sure to throw a “sir” or “ma’am” in there. You can start or end the sentence with one of the terms depending on the flow of the sentence. This a sign of respect and you may run into trouble if you talk to an officer too casually.
For example, you might say, “Sir, the barracks have been cleaned,” or, “The barracks have been cleaned, sir.” Both are acceptable.
Avoid using “sir” or “ma’am” more than once in a sentence. Aside from the fact that it sounds a little odd, it’s seen as a faux pas to overdo it.
4-3. Check their insignias to determine their rank based on the branch.
Knowing how to address an officer depends on their rank. If you haven’t memorized the insignias for your branch yet, you will with time. The insignias are the patches on the uniform, and each branch has its own insignias for different ranks. Study your manual if you haven’t already to put the different insignias to memory.
Chevrons are the v-shaped stripes you see on patches. The more stripes on a chevron, the higher the rank of the individual wearing that uniform.
Bars are worn by officers. The size, shape, and color all indicate different ranks depending on the service branch.
Certain officers will also wear oak leaves, eagle pins, or stars.
Tips
The main ranks, listed in order from lowest to highest ranking, are: private, corporal, sergeant/petty officer, warrant officer, lieutenant/ensign, captain, major/commander, colonel, and general/admiral.[26]
X
Research source
“Airman” is an Air Force title, and they’re always addressed as “Airman” regardless of their specific rank. As a note, female airmen do not go by “Airwoman.”[27]
X
Research source
Warnings
The Navy got rid of all gendered titles a few years ago. Unfortunately, some officers and veterans aren’t on board. Don’t get upset if you refer to someone as “Sailor” and they correct you.[28]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Selecting the Proper Title\\n1-1. Use the formula of title of address + last name to address service members.\\nRegardless of whether you’re enlisted or not, you always address a service member by their rank’s title of address, followed by their last name. Title of address refers to the official designation for addressing a given rank.\\nIn some cases, like for majors, the rank and the type of address are identical. A major named Angie Nunez would be addressed, “Major Nunez.”\\nFor some ranks, like lieutenant colonels, the title of address is different. If there were a lieutenant colonel named Andrew Bates, they would just be “Colonel Bates.”\\n1-2. Shorten high ranking officials to the main rank when addressing them.\\nIf a ranking service member holds a position that’s more than 1 word long (i.e. “brigadier general”), you address them by shortening it to the highest position in that title. For example, a lieutenant is lower than a colonel, so you would address a lieutenant colonel simply by “Colonel.”\\nAddress generals as “General” regardless of their stars or status. Major generals, brigadier generals, and one-star generals are all addressed as “General.”\\nCall Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels “Colonel.”\\nAddress First and Second Lieutenants as “Lieutenant.”\\nCall Majors “Major.”\\nAddress Captains as “Captain.”\\n1-3. Be specific when addressing Sergeants if you know the full rank.\\nThe one group of ranking officers that doesn’t follow the standard title of address rules are sergeants. Here are the rules when it comes to addressing sergeants:\\nYou call first class sergeants, staff sergeants, and master sergeants simply “Sergeant” with no modifiers or descriptors.\\nSergeant majors always get the full title, “Sergeant Major.”\\nFirst sergeants also get the full title and they go by “First Sergeant.”\\n1-4. Use the special Navy and Coast Guard titles if applicable.\\nThere are a handful of ranks that are unique to the Coast Guard and Navy. Some of these ranks are fairly niche, but you should still use the proper title of address when talking to service members in these branches.\\nAdmirals and commanders all follow the same rules as generals. A brigadier admiral is addressed “Admiral” while a lieutenant commander just goes by “Commander.”\\nGendered ranks in the Navy are no longer used. The official way to address seamen and midshipmen is to call them “Sailor.”\\nEnsigns all go by “Ensign.”\\n1-5. Address all privates and specialists by their base title.\\nThere are various classes and pay grades for privates. Luckily, they’re all addressed the same way regardless of their pay grade or position. You call them “Private.”\\nRegardless of the specialty, all specialists go by “Specialist.”\\nYou get a choice with first class privates. You can either call them “Private,” or address them as “PFC,” which is short for “private first class.”\\n1-6. Skip the title when you’re addressing warrant officers.\\nWarrant Officers do not get a special title. Address them as Mister, Miss, or Misses depending on their personal preferences.\\nWarrant officers work in technical fields, like intelligence. You probably aren’t going to run into very many warrant officers.\\n2. Writing Letters and Emails\\n2-1. Use the rank’s shorthand when addressing letters to service members.\\nIf you’re addressing a physical letter to a service member, you don’t have to spell out the entire title in the body of the message or on the envelope. In these cases, use the shorthand. The official shorthand’s do not always correlate to the title of address, so look it up online if you aren’t sure.\\nFor example, a brigadier general’s title of address is just “General,” but their abbreviation is “Brig. Gen.” If you were to write a letter to a brigadier general named Jay Brooke, you would write, “Brig. Gen. Jay Brooke.”\\nTitles with “first” or “second” in them typically use the number for the abbreviation. A first lieutenant, for example, is abbreviated as “1st Lt.”\\nYou can use whatever subject line you’d like if you’re emailing a service member.\\n2-2. Include the unit designation, PO box, and designator on the delivery line.\\nFor letters, you do not include the country or city where the service member is located. You do include the ZIP code, though. There are a few unique things you must put on the delivery line to make sure the letter reaches its recipient. Here’s how it looks:\\nOn the line under the shorthand rank and recipient’s name, put UNIT, CMR (community mail room), or PSC (postal service center) followed by that destination’s number. On the same line, write “BOX” followed by the PO box number.\\nOn the bottom line, put APO (Army Post Office) or FPO (Fleet Post Office), followed by AA (for American service members) and the ZIP code.\\nAll together, it should look like this:\\nSGT. Jason Williamson\\nUNIT 2913 BOX 150\\nAPO AA 89049\\n2-3. Spell out the entire rank in the salutation of a letter or email.\\nDo not use the title of address in the salutation of a letter or email. Instead, use their full title and skip the first name. For example, let’s say you’re addressing a brigadier general named Stacy Johnson. You’d put “Brigadier General Johnson,” or “Dear Brigadier General Johnson,” at the top of your message.\\nIf you’re writing a letter or email and you’re addressing a specific service member, you capitalize the rank.\\nIf you don’t know their full title, use “Sir,” or “Ma’am” in the salutation and don’t include their first or last name.\\n3. Talking to Military as a Civilian\\n3-1. Greet military members using their proper title if you know it.\\nIf you know a service member’s rank, use their title of address to talk to them. It is not considered rude or disrespectful to use military terminology when you’ve never served. In fact, it’s a sign of respect!\\nFor example, you might say “Good morning, Major Stevens,” or, “How are you doing, Sergeant Jameson?”\\n3-2. Use “sir” or “ma’am” if you don’t know their rank or title.\\nIf you aren’t sure what the service member’s rank is, just use the formal “sir” or “ma’am.” Skip the first and last names if you do this. This a sign of respect for service members, probably because it’s the same rule service members use to talk to outranking officers. You can always ask a service member’s official rank later if you’re chatting with them.\\nFor example, if you’re standing in line at the bank or something and there’s a uniformed service officer standing next to you but you don’t know their rank, there’s nothing wrong with saying, “How are you doing, sir?”\\n3-3. Don’t salute before you address a service members.\\nThere are rules surrounding saluting when service members address officers, but as a civilian you don’t need to do this. Some service members may look at it as a sign of respect, but it isn’t expected of you.\\nSome service members may get annoyed if you salute them as a civilian. It’s unlikely, but since saluting is an official military gesture, they may take it as an insult.\\n3-4. Continue using their title even if they’re retired.\\nA veteran that retired with the rank of colonel is a colonel for life. Address veterans by their official title unless they tell you otherwise.\\nIt’s not uncommon for a veteran to say something like, “Oh, just call me David,” or, “Mr. Ramsey is fine, I haven’t served in years.” Still, it’s better to wait for them to ask you to drop the title than it is to assume they don’t want you to use it.\\n4. Addressing Personnel when You’re Enlisted\\n4-1. Stand at attention\\nIf you’re actively serving and an outranking officer enters the room, stand up and enter a salute. Wait for the officer to put you “at ease” or “carry on” before letting the salute down or moving.\\nIf you’ve just joined the military and you’re still stepping on eggshells over how to speak to officers, don’t worry. All of this will all become second nature soon enough.\\n4-2. Use “sir” or “ma’am” if they’re addressing you directly.\\nIf an officer is talking directly to you and they’re asking you a question or waiting for a response, be sure to throw a “sir” or “ma’am” in there. You can start or end the sentence with one of the terms depending on the flow of the sentence. This a sign of respect and you may run into trouble if you talk to an officer too casually.\\nFor example, you might say, “Sir, the barracks have been cleaned,” or, “The barracks have been cleaned, sir.” Both are acceptable.\\nAvoid using “sir” or “ma’am” more than once in a sentence. Aside from the fact that it sounds a little odd, it’s seen as a faux pas to overdo it.\\n4-3. Check their insignias to determine their rank based on the branch.\\nKnowing how to address an officer depends on their rank. If you haven’t memorized the insignias for your branch yet, you will with time. The insignias are the patches on the uniform, and each branch has its own insignias for different ranks. Study your manual if you haven’t already to put the different insignias to memory.\\nChevrons are the v-shaped stripes you see on patches. The more stripes on a chevron, the higher the rank of the individual wearing that uniform.\\nBars are worn by officers. The size, shape, and color all indicate different ranks depending on the service branch.\\nCertain officers will also wear oak leaves, eagle pins, or stars.\\nTips\\nThe main ranks, listed in order from lowest to highest ranking, are: private, corporal, sergeant/petty officer, warrant officer, lieutenant/ensign, captain, major/commander, colonel, and general/admiral.[26]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n“Airman” is an Air Force title, and they’re always addressed as “Airman” regardless of their specific rank. As a note, female airmen do not go by “Airwoman.”[27]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nThe Navy got rid of all gendered titles a few years ago. Unfortunately, some officers and veterans aren’t on board. Don’t get upset if you refer to someone as “Sailor” and they correct you.[28]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Knowing how to address service members can be a little tricky. The ranks themselves can be a bit wordy and convoluted, and some ranks are addressed by shortened titles. The good news is that a lot of the titles are pretty easy to figure out if you know a service member’s rank. Even if you don’t know their rank, you can always use “sir” or “ma’am” to play it safe. Remember, the only time you ever use a service member’s full title is in the salutation of a letter or email. Any other time, you use their official title of address.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Selecting the Proper Title\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the formula of title of address + last name to address service members.\", \"描述\": \"Regardless of whether you’re enlisted or not, you always address a service member by their rank’s title of address, followed by their last name. Title of address refers to the official designation for addressing a given rank.\\nIn some cases, like for majors, the rank and the type of address are identical. A major named Angie Nunez would be addressed, “Major Nunez.”\\nFor some ranks, like lieutenant colonels, the title of address is different. If there were a lieutenant colonel named Andrew Bates, they would just be “Colonel Bates.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Shorten high ranking officials to the main rank when addressing them.\", \"描述\": \"If a ranking service member holds a position that’s more than 1 word long (i.e. “brigadier general”), you address them by shortening it to the highest position in that title. For example, a lieutenant is lower than a colonel, so you would address a lieutenant colonel simply by “Colonel.”\\nAddress generals as “General” regardless of their stars or status. Major generals, brigadier generals, and one-star generals are all addressed as “General.”\\nCall Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels “Colonel.”\\nAddress First and Second Lieutenants as “Lieutenant.”\\nCall Majors “Major.”\\nAddress Captains as “Captain.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be specific when addressing Sergeants if you know the full rank.\", \"描述\": \"The one group of ranking officers that doesn’t follow the standard title of address rules are sergeants. Here are the rules when it comes to addressing sergeants:\\nYou call first class sergeants, staff sergeants, and master sergeants simply “Sergeant” with no modifiers or descriptors.\\nSergeant majors always get the full title, “Sergeant Major.”\\nFirst sergeants also get the full title and they go by “First Sergeant.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use the special Navy and Coast Guard titles if applicable.\", \"描述\": \"There are a handful of ranks that are unique to the Coast Guard and Navy. Some of these ranks are fairly niche, but you should still use the proper title of address when talking to service members in these branches.\\nAdmirals and commanders all follow the same rules as generals. A brigadier admiral is addressed “Admiral” while a lieutenant commander just goes by “Commander.”\\nGendered ranks in the Navy are no longer used. The official way to address seamen and midshipmen is to call them “Sailor.”\\nEnsigns all go by “Ensign.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Address all privates and specialists by their base title.\", \"描述\": \"There are various classes and pay grades for privates. Luckily, they’re all addressed the same way regardless of their pay grade or position. You call them “Private.”\\nRegardless of the specialty, all specialists go by “Specialist.”\\nYou get a choice with first class privates. You can either call them “Private,” or address them as “PFC,” which is short for “private first class.”\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Skip the title when you’re addressing warrant officers.\", \"描述\": \"Warrant Officers do not get a special title. Address them as Mister, Miss, or Misses depending on their personal preferences.\\nWarrant officers work in technical fields, like intelligence. You probably aren’t going to run into very many warrant officers.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing Letters and Emails\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the rank’s shorthand when addressing letters to service members.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re addressing a physical letter to a service member, you don’t have to spell out the entire title in the body of the message or on the envelope. In these cases, use the shorthand. The official shorthand’s do not always correlate to the title of address, so look it up online if you aren’t sure.\\nFor example, a brigadier general’s title of address is just “General,” but their abbreviation is “Brig. Gen.” If you were to write a letter to a brigadier general named Jay Brooke, you would write, “Brig. Gen. Jay Brooke.”\\nTitles with “first” or “second” in them typically use the number for the abbreviation. A first lieutenant, for example, is abbreviated as “1st Lt.”\\nYou can use whatever subject line you’d like if you’re emailing a service member.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include the unit designation, PO box, and designator on the delivery line.\", \"描述\": \"For letters, you do not include the country or city where the service member is located. You do include the ZIP code, though. There are a few unique things you must put on the delivery line to make sure the letter reaches its recipient. Here’s how it looks:\\nOn the line under the shorthand rank and recipient’s name, put UNIT, CMR (community mail room), or PSC (postal service center) followed by that destination’s number. On the same line, write “BOX” followed by the PO box number.\\nOn the bottom line, put APO (Army Post Office) or FPO (Fleet Post Office), followed by AA (for American service members) and the ZIP code.\\nAll together, it should look like this:\\nSGT. Jason Williamson\\nUNIT 2913 BOX 150\\nAPO AA 89049\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Spell out the entire rank in the salutation of a letter or email.\", \"描述\": \"Do not use the title of address in the salutation of a letter or email. Instead, use their full title and skip the first name. For example, let’s say you’re addressing a brigadier general named Stacy Johnson. You’d put “Brigadier General Johnson,” or “Dear Brigadier General Johnson,” at the top of your message.\\nIf you’re writing a letter or email and you’re addressing a specific service member, you capitalize the rank.\\nIf you don’t know their full title, use “Sir,” or “Ma’am” in the salutation and don’t include their first or last name.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Talking to Military as a Civilian\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Greet military members using their proper title if you know it.\", \"描述\": \"If you know a service member’s rank, use their title of address to talk to them. It is not considered rude or disrespectful to use military terminology when you’ve never served. In fact, it’s a sign of respect!\\nFor example, you might say “Good morning, Major Stevens,” or, “How are you doing, Sergeant Jameson?”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use “sir” or “ma’am” if you don’t know their rank or title.\", \"描述\": \"If you aren’t sure what the service member’s rank is, just use the formal “sir” or “ma’am.” Skip the first and last names if you do this. This a sign of respect for service members, probably because it’s the same rule service members use to talk to outranking officers. You can always ask a service member’s official rank later if you’re chatting with them.\\nFor example, if you’re standing in line at the bank or something and there’s a uniformed service officer standing next to you but you don’t know their rank, there’s nothing wrong with saying, “How are you doing, sir?”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t salute before you address a service members.\", \"描述\": \"There are rules surrounding saluting when service members address officers, but as a civilian you don’t need to do this. Some service members may look at it as a sign of respect, but it isn’t expected of you.\\nSome service members may get annoyed if you salute them as a civilian. It’s unlikely, but since saluting is an official military gesture, they may take it as an insult.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue using their title even if they’re retired.\", \"描述\": \"A veteran that retired with the rank of colonel is a colonel for life. Address veterans by their official title unless they tell you otherwise.\\nIt’s not uncommon for a veteran to say something like, “Oh, just call me David,” or, “Mr. Ramsey is fine, I haven’t served in years.” Still, it’s better to wait for them to ask you to drop the title than it is to assume they don’t want you to use it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Addressing Personnel when You’re Enlisted\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stand at attention\", \"描述\": \"If you’re actively serving and an outranking officer enters the room, stand up and enter a salute. Wait for the officer to put you “at ease” or “carry on” before letting the salute down or moving.\\nIf you’ve just joined the military and you’re still stepping on eggshells over how to speak to officers, don’t worry. All of this will all become second nature soon enough.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use “sir” or “ma’am” if they’re addressing you directly.\", \"描述\": \"If an officer is talking directly to you and they’re asking you a question or waiting for a response, be sure to throw a “sir” or “ma’am” in there. You can start or end the sentence with one of the terms depending on the flow of the sentence. This a sign of respect and you may run into trouble if you talk to an officer too casually.\\nFor example, you might say, “Sir, the barracks have been cleaned,” or, “The barracks have been cleaned, sir.” Both are acceptable.\\nAvoid using “sir” or “ma’am” more than once in a sentence. Aside from the fact that it sounds a little odd, it’s seen as a faux pas to overdo it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check their insignias to determine their rank based on the branch.\", \"描述\": \"Knowing how to address an officer depends on their rank. If you haven’t memorized the insignias for your branch yet, you will with time. The insignias are the patches on the uniform, and each branch has its own insignias for different ranks. Study your manual if you haven’t already to put the different insignias to memory.\\nChevrons are the v-shaped stripes you see on patches. The more stripes on a chevron, the higher the rank of the individual wearing that uniform.\\nBars are worn by officers. The size, shape, and color all indicate different ranks depending on the service branch.\\nCertain officers will also wear oak leaves, eagle pins, or stars.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The main ranks, listed in order from lowest to highest ranking, are: private, corporal, sergeant/petty officer, warrant officer, lieutenant/ensign, captain, major/commander, colonel, and general/admiral.[26]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"“Airman” is an Air Force title, and they’re always addressed as “Airman” regardless of their specific rank. As a note, female airmen do not go by “Airwoman.”[27]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"The Navy got rid of all gendered titles a few years ago. Unfortunately, some officers and veterans aren’t on board. Don’t get upset if you refer to someone as “Sailor” and they correct you.[28]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,233 | How to Address Nuns | 1. Addressing a Nun in Person
1-1. Call them Sister.
You shouldn’t refer to a nun by their first or last name alone. Instead, you should use the term “Sister.” This signifies respect and is the term that most churches use for a nun.
For instance, you can say something like, "Hello, Sister. How are you today?"
1-2. Add the nun’s name after Sister.
You can also add the nun's full name or last name after saying “Sister.” If you know the nun that you’re talking to, add her name to personalize the title.
For example, if the nun’s name is Sophia Smith, you could refer to her as “Sister Smith” or “Sister Sophia Smith.”
If you are friends with the nun, she may allow you to refer to her as “Sister Sophia.” Make sure that you ask her if it's okay before calling her this though.
1-3. Call the Superior of the convent or monastery Reverend Mother.
The Superior is the highest ranking nun at the church. The term “Reverend Mother” and “Your Reverence” are used in most forms of Christianity when speaking to the Superior.
You can say something like, "May the Lord be with you, Reverend Mother."
1-4. Stand up when a nun enters the room.
Stay standing until the nun takes a seat. This is a sign of respect and is practiced widely in the Christian faith.
1-5. Take off your hat in the presence of a nun.
Wearing a hat in front of a nun could be deemed as rude. Much like mass, it's customary to remove baseball caps or non-religious hats when in the presence of a nun.
2. Addressing a Nun in a Letter
2-1. Write “Dear Sister,” as a salutation.
Nuns are referred to as sisters, so starting your letter off with “Dear Sister,” is the right way to start a letter to a nun. You can also add their first and last name after “Sister,” as you would when addressing them in person.
For example, if the nun’s name is Margaret Mills, you can write “Dear Sister Margaret Mills.”
2-2. Include their name and order initials on the envelope.
Because there may be many nuns that belong to a particular convent or monastery, including a full name is a smart idea when addressing a letter to a nun. After their name, write the initials of their order or church that they belong to.
For example, if you were addressing a letter to Sarah Jones from the Catholic Bible Association, you’d write, “To: Sister Sarah Jones, C.B.A.”
2-3. Abbreviate sister with Sr in the body of the letter.
If you want to write shorthand, you can abbreviate the term sister with “Sr.” Abbreviating "Sister" should only be done in the body of the letter, not in the salutation.
For example, “When Sr. Moody gave me my first Bible, it opened my eyes to the church and the teachings of God.”
2-4. Abbreviate Reverend Mother in the body of the letter to save time.
Write Rev. Mother instead of Reverend Mother. If you need to refer to the Reverend Mother multiple times within the body of a letter, you can use shorthand to save some time.
You can write something like, “The Rev. Mother instructed all of the nuns to study the Bible.”
3. Addressing a Nun in Orthodox Christianity
3-1. Speak with the Superior if you need to ask a question.
Sometimes nuns will be bound to a vow of silence and can’t actually speak to you. Unless a nun is open and enthusiastic to talk to you, direct your questions to the convent or monastery Superior.
3-2. Call tonsured nuns Mother.
You can tell if a nun is tonsured if she is wearing a klobuk, a cylindrical black cap with a veil. This is the final stage for women that want to become nuns with the Orthodox church, and any woman who reaches this stage should be referred to as "Mother."
3-3. Call non-tonsured nuns Sister.
Non-tonsured nuns in Orthodox Christianity are also sometimes called Novices and Rassophore. These are the first and second stages of the monastic life for women practicing the Orthodox faith. If the nun in question isn’t wearing a klobuk, you should refer to her as “Sister.”
When in doubt, call the woman "Mother" so that you don't disrespect them. If they are a Novice or Rassophore, they will correct you without being offended.
3-4. Bow your head and hold your palms up to receive a blessing.
When you see a tonsured nun, it’s customary to request a blessing. Put your right hand over your left hand, palms up when you want to receive a blessing. The nun will then say a blessing and make the sign of the cross.
3-5. Kiss the nun’s hand after receiving a blessing.
After you receive a blessing it’s customary to kiss the top of the nun’s hand. Wait for her to complete the blessing and make the sign of the cross before kissing her hand.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing a Nun in Person\\n1-1. Call them Sister.\\nYou shouldn’t refer to a nun by their first or last name alone. Instead, you should use the term “Sister.” This signifies respect and is the term that most churches use for a nun.\\nFor instance, you can say something like, \\\"Hello, Sister. How are you today?\\\"\\n1-2. Add the nun’s name after Sister.\\nYou can also add the nun's full name or last name after saying “Sister.” If you know the nun that you’re talking to, add her name to personalize the title.\\nFor example, if the nun’s name is Sophia Smith, you could refer to her as “Sister Smith” or “Sister Sophia Smith.”\\nIf you are friends with the nun, she may allow you to refer to her as “Sister Sophia.” Make sure that you ask her if it's okay before calling her this though.\\n1-3. Call the Superior of the convent or monastery Reverend Mother.\\nThe Superior is the highest ranking nun at the church. The term “Reverend Mother” and “Your Reverence” are used in most forms of Christianity when speaking to the Superior.\\nYou can say something like, \\\"May the Lord be with you, Reverend Mother.\\\"\\n1-4. Stand up when a nun enters the room.\\nStay standing until the nun takes a seat. This is a sign of respect and is practiced widely in the Christian faith.\\n1-5. Take off your hat in the presence of a nun.\\nWearing a hat in front of a nun could be deemed as rude. Much like mass, it's customary to remove baseball caps or non-religious hats when in the presence of a nun.\\n2. Addressing a Nun in a Letter\\n2-1. Write “Dear Sister,” as a salutation.\\nNuns are referred to as sisters, so starting your letter off with “Dear Sister,” is the right way to start a letter to a nun. You can also add their first and last name after “Sister,” as you would when addressing them in person.\\nFor example, if the nun’s name is Margaret Mills, you can write “Dear Sister Margaret Mills.”\\n2-2. Include their name and order initials on the envelope.\\nBecause there may be many nuns that belong to a particular convent or monastery, including a full name is a smart idea when addressing a letter to a nun. After their name, write the initials of their order or church that they belong to.\\nFor example, if you were addressing a letter to Sarah Jones from the Catholic Bible Association, you’d write, “To: Sister Sarah Jones, C.B.A.”\\n2-3. Abbreviate sister with Sr in the body of the letter.\\nIf you want to write shorthand, you can abbreviate the term sister with “Sr.” Abbreviating \\\"Sister\\\" should only be done in the body of the letter, not in the salutation.\\nFor example, “When Sr. Moody gave me my first Bible, it opened my eyes to the church and the teachings of God.”\\n2-4. Abbreviate Reverend Mother in the body of the letter to save time.\\nWrite Rev. Mother instead of Reverend Mother. If you need to refer to the Reverend Mother multiple times within the body of a letter, you can use shorthand to save some time.\\nYou can write something like, “The Rev. Mother instructed all of the nuns to study the Bible.”\\n3. Addressing a Nun in Orthodox Christianity\\n3-1. Speak with the Superior if you need to ask a question.\\nSometimes nuns will be bound to a vow of silence and can’t actually speak to you. Unless a nun is open and enthusiastic to talk to you, direct your questions to the convent or monastery Superior.\\n3-2. Call tonsured nuns Mother.\\nYou can tell if a nun is tonsured if she is wearing a klobuk, a cylindrical black cap with a veil. This is the final stage for women that want to become nuns with the Orthodox church, and any woman who reaches this stage should be referred to as \\\"Mother.\\\"\\n3-3. Call non-tonsured nuns Sister.\\nNon-tonsured nuns in Orthodox Christianity are also sometimes called Novices and Rassophore. These are the first and second stages of the monastic life for women practicing the Orthodox faith. If the nun in question isn’t wearing a klobuk, you should refer to her as “Sister.”\\nWhen in doubt, call the woman \\\"Mother\\\" so that you don't disrespect them. If they are a Novice or Rassophore, they will correct you without being offended.\\n3-4. Bow your head and hold your palms up to receive a blessing.\\nWhen you see a tonsured nun, it’s customary to request a blessing. Put your right hand over your left hand, palms up when you want to receive a blessing. The nun will then say a blessing and make the sign of the cross.\\n3-5. Kiss the nun’s hand after receiving a blessing.\\nAfter you receive a blessing it’s customary to kiss the top of the nun’s hand. Wait for her to complete the blessing and make the sign of the cross before kissing her hand.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you want to speak or write to a nun but don't want to be disrespectful, you may not know how to address them. When addressing a nun, it's important that you follow the traditions and standards set by the Church, especially if you don't personally know the nun. By following the Church's traditions and being mindful when you speak, you can learn how to address a nun the right way.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Nun in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call them Sister.\", \"描述\": \"You shouldn’t refer to a nun by their first or last name alone. Instead, you should use the term “Sister.” This signifies respect and is the term that most churches use for a nun.\\nFor instance, you can say something like, \\\"Hello, Sister. How are you today?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add the nun’s name after Sister.\", \"描述\": \"You can also add the nun's full name or last name after saying “Sister.” If you know the nun that you’re talking to, add her name to personalize the title.\\nFor example, if the nun’s name is Sophia Smith, you could refer to her as “Sister Smith” or “Sister Sophia Smith.”\\nIf you are friends with the nun, she may allow you to refer to her as “Sister Sophia.” Make sure that you ask her if it's okay before calling her this though.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Call the Superior of the convent or monastery Reverend Mother.\", \"描述\": \"The Superior is the highest ranking nun at the church. The term “Reverend Mother” and “Your Reverence” are used in most forms of Christianity when speaking to the Superior.\\nYou can say something like, \\\"May the Lord be with you, Reverend Mother.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stand up when a nun enters the room.\", \"描述\": \"Stay standing until the nun takes a seat. This is a sign of respect and is practiced widely in the Christian faith.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take off your hat in the presence of a nun.\", \"描述\": \"Wearing a hat in front of a nun could be deemed as rude. Much like mass, it's customary to remove baseball caps or non-religious hats when in the presence of a nun.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Nun in a Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write “Dear Sister,” as a salutation.\", \"描述\": \"Nuns are referred to as sisters, so starting your letter off with “Dear Sister,” is the right way to start a letter to a nun. You can also add their first and last name after “Sister,” as you would when addressing them in person.\\nFor example, if the nun’s name is Margaret Mills, you can write “Dear Sister Margaret Mills.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include their name and order initials on the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Because there may be many nuns that belong to a particular convent or monastery, including a full name is a smart idea when addressing a letter to a nun. After their name, write the initials of their order or church that they belong to.\\nFor example, if you were addressing a letter to Sarah Jones from the Catholic Bible Association, you’d write, “To: Sister Sarah Jones, C.B.A.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Abbreviate sister with Sr in the body of the letter.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to write shorthand, you can abbreviate the term sister with “Sr.” Abbreviating \\\"Sister\\\" should only be done in the body of the letter, not in the salutation.\\nFor example, “When Sr. Moody gave me my first Bible, it opened my eyes to the church and the teachings of God.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Abbreviate Reverend Mother in the body of the letter to save time.\", \"描述\": \"Write Rev. Mother instead of Reverend Mother. If you need to refer to the Reverend Mother multiple times within the body of a letter, you can use shorthand to save some time.\\nYou can write something like, “The Rev. Mother instructed all of the nuns to study the Bible.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Nun in Orthodox Christianity\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Speak with the Superior if you need to ask a question.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes nuns will be bound to a vow of silence and can’t actually speak to you. Unless a nun is open and enthusiastic to talk to you, direct your questions to the convent or monastery Superior.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call tonsured nuns Mother.\", \"描述\": \"You can tell if a nun is tonsured if she is wearing a klobuk, a cylindrical black cap with a veil. This is the final stage for women that want to become nuns with the Orthodox church, and any woman who reaches this stage should be referred to as \\\"Mother.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Call non-tonsured nuns Sister.\", \"描述\": \"Non-tonsured nuns in Orthodox Christianity are also sometimes called Novices and Rassophore. These are the first and second stages of the monastic life for women practicing the Orthodox faith. If the nun in question isn’t wearing a klobuk, you should refer to her as “Sister.”\\nWhen in doubt, call the woman \\\"Mother\\\" so that you don't disrespect them. If they are a Novice or Rassophore, they will correct you without being offended.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Bow your head and hold your palms up to receive a blessing.\", \"描述\": \"When you see a tonsured nun, it’s customary to request a blessing. Put your right hand over your left hand, palms up when you want to receive a blessing. The nun will then say a blessing and make the sign of the cross.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Kiss the nun’s hand after receiving a blessing.\", \"描述\": \"After you receive a blessing it’s customary to kiss the top of the nun’s hand. Wait for her to complete the blessing and make the sign of the cross before kissing her hand.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,234 | How to Address Nurses in Conversation and in Writing | 1. Address them as Miss or Mister.
Miss or Mister is appropriate until the nurse introduces themself to you.
This is a respectful way to get their attention if you’re not sure how they prefer to be addressed. If you can see their nametag, include their first or last name afterwards. This is appropriate for any type of nurse, including an RN, NP, or CRNA. For example:
“Excuse me, Miss Lauren?”
“Thank you, Mister Hill.”
“Hi Miss, can you point me in the right direction?”
2. Call them “nurse.”
“Nurse” is a respectful way to address any nurse until they tell you otherwise.
It’s similar to how you would call a doctor “doctor” when you first meet. It might feel too formal at first, but many nurses will let you know what to call them after you start talking. Some may prefer “nurse” as a matter of privacy.
“Excuse me, nurse?”
“Thank you, nurse!”
“Good morning, nurse. How would you like to be addressed?”
Even though a Nurse Practitioner may serve in a doctor-like role, they should still be addressed as “nurse” rather than “doctor.”
3. Use their first name.
The majority of nurses prefer to be called their first name at work.
It helps build a comfortable, caring relationship with the patients they’re looking after. Wait to call them by name until they introduce themself this way or you ask if that’s what they prefer. Otherwise, stick with Miss, Mister, or Nurse.
“Thank you, Emily!”
“Can you get John for me?”
“Sarah, which medication am I supposed to take first?”
4. Use “nurse” plus their name.
If you know the nurse's first or last name, use it after the word “nurse.”
This format is a little outdated, but it’s still a respectful way to address a nurse if you're unsure what they prefer or want to be more formal. Check the nurse’s name tag if you’re unsure what to call them (most just have a first name and last initial).
“Hi, I’m looking for Nurse Claire.”
“Thank you, Nurse Kyle!”
“Where’s Nurse Jones?”
5. Call them “doctor” if they have a DNP.
Nurses with a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) or PhD can be called “doctor.”
A DNP is an advanced degree in nursing and does not change the nurse’s role in a hospital or practice. The nurse will usually tell you to call them “nurse” or their first name to avoid confusion with physicians and medical doctors.
They may say something like, “Hi, I’m Dr. Johnson and I’m your Nurse Practitioner. You can call me Justin.”
They may just introduce themself without their title, like “Hi there, I’m Jackie and I’ll be your nurse today.”
The nurse’s name tag may or may not indicate they have a DNP. Chances are they’ll tell you this information when you meet.
6. Refer to a military nurse by their rank.
Military nurses are ranked officers, just like soldiers.
In this case, it’s appropriate to call them by their rank and last name. If they don’t introduce themselves as such, you can gather their rank by their name tag or uniform decoration. For example:
“Good morning, Officer Williams.”
“Excuse me, Lieutenant Brown?”
“You’ll be working with Captain Schumacher today.”
7. Address mail with their name and designation.
On the envelope, include their designation after their full name.
This way, there’s no confusion about who the letter or note is for and you don’t have to worry about a prefix. The most common designations are RN (Registered Nurse), APRN (Advanced Practice Registered Nurse), and LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse). If they’re a Nurse Practitioner, use NP. For example:
“To: Joan Smith, RN”
“For Kevin McNamara, NP”
“Jack Klein, APRN”
8. Use their name in a salutation.
In a letter or email greeting, address them like you'd address an acquaintance.
Use their first name if you’re friendly or close to them, or call them Mister or Miss with their last name to be more formal. You’ll most likely only address them this way if you’re writing a thank you letter or, if you’re very close, inviting them to an event. For example:
“Dear Joanna”
“Dear Mr. Weiss”
“Dear Miss Andrews”
Tips
Male nurses should be referred to as “nurse” and not as a “murse” (a combination of the words “male” and “nurse”) as a sign of respect.[9]
X
Research source
When in doubt, ask your nurse what they prefer to be called. They’ll often say you can address them by their first name.
To avoid confusion, only address medical doctors as “doctor.” Even if a nurse has a DNP, they will often go by “nurse” or their name for clarity.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Address them as Miss or Mister.\\nMiss or Mister is appropriate until the nurse introduces themself to you.\\nThis is a respectful way to get their attention if you’re not sure how they prefer to be addressed. If you can see their nametag, include their first or last name afterwards. This is appropriate for any type of nurse, including an RN, NP, or CRNA. For example:\\n“Excuse me, Miss Lauren?”\\n“Thank you, Mister Hill.”\\n“Hi Miss, can you point me in the right direction?”\\n2. Call them “nurse.”\\n“Nurse” is a respectful way to address any nurse until they tell you otherwise.\\nIt’s similar to how you would call a doctor “doctor” when you first meet. It might feel too formal at first, but many nurses will let you know what to call them after you start talking. Some may prefer “nurse” as a matter of privacy.\\n“Excuse me, nurse?”\\n“Thank you, nurse!”\\n“Good morning, nurse. How would you like to be addressed?”\\nEven though a Nurse Practitioner may serve in a doctor-like role, they should still be addressed as “nurse” rather than “doctor.”\\n3. Use their first name.\\nThe majority of nurses prefer to be called their first name at work.\\nIt helps build a comfortable, caring relationship with the patients they’re looking after. Wait to call them by name until they introduce themself this way or you ask if that’s what they prefer. Otherwise, stick with Miss, Mister, or Nurse.\\n“Thank you, Emily!”\\n“Can you get John for me?”\\n“Sarah, which medication am I supposed to take first?”\\n4. Use “nurse” plus their name.\\nIf you know the nurse's first or last name, use it after the word “nurse.”\\nThis format is a little outdated, but it’s still a respectful way to address a nurse if you're unsure what they prefer or want to be more formal. Check the nurse’s name tag if you’re unsure what to call them (most just have a first name and last initial).\\n“Hi, I’m looking for Nurse Claire.”\\n“Thank you, Nurse Kyle!”\\n“Where’s Nurse Jones?”\\n5. Call them “doctor” if they have a DNP.\\nNurses with a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) or PhD can be called “doctor.”\\nA DNP is an advanced degree in nursing and does not change the nurse’s role in a hospital or practice. The nurse will usually tell you to call them “nurse” or their first name to avoid confusion with physicians and medical doctors.\\nThey may say something like, “Hi, I’m Dr. Johnson and I’m your Nurse Practitioner. You can call me Justin.”\\nThey may just introduce themself without their title, like “Hi there, I’m Jackie and I’ll be your nurse today.”\\nThe nurse’s name tag may or may not indicate they have a DNP. Chances are they’ll tell you this information when you meet.\\n6. Refer to a military nurse by their rank.\\nMilitary nurses are ranked officers, just like soldiers.\\nIn this case, it’s appropriate to call them by their rank and last name. If they don’t introduce themselves as such, you can gather their rank by their name tag or uniform decoration. For example:\\n“Good morning, Officer Williams.”\\n“Excuse me, Lieutenant Brown?”\\n“You’ll be working with Captain Schumacher today.”\\n7. Address mail with their name and designation.\\nOn the envelope, include their designation after their full name.\\nThis way, there’s no confusion about who the letter or note is for and you don’t have to worry about a prefix. The most common designations are RN (Registered Nurse), APRN (Advanced Practice Registered Nurse), and LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse). If they’re a Nurse Practitioner, use NP. For example:\\n“To: Joan Smith, RN”\\n“For Kevin McNamara, NP”\\n“Jack Klein, APRN”\\n8. Use their name in a salutation.\\nIn a letter or email greeting, address them like you'd address an acquaintance.\\nUse their first name if you’re friendly or close to them, or call them Mister or Miss with their last name to be more formal. You’ll most likely only address them this way if you’re writing a thank you letter or, if you’re very close, inviting them to an event. For example:\\n“Dear Joanna”\\n“Dear Mr. Weiss”\\n“Dear Miss Andrews”\\nTips\\nMale nurses should be referred to as “nurse” and not as a “murse” (a combination of the words “male” and “nurse”) as a sign of respect.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWhen in doubt, ask your nurse what they prefer to be called. They’ll often say you can address them by their first name.\\nTo avoid confusion, only address medical doctors as “doctor.” Even if a nurse has a DNP, they will often go by “nurse” or their name for clarity.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"We’ve all interacted with nurses before, but how often have you actually addressed them in conversation? Many nurses prefer to be called by their first name, and most will let you know how to address them when they introduce themselves. To help you out, we’ve put together a complete list of appropriate ways to address nurses—including an RN (Registered Nurse), NP (Nurse Practitioner), CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist), and more—conversationally and in writing. If you’re ready to connect with your valuable health care provider, read on!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address them as Miss or Mister.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Miss or Mister is appropriate until the nurse introduces themself to you.\", \"描述\": \"This is a respectful way to get their attention if you’re not sure how they prefer to be addressed. If you can see their nametag, include their first or last name afterwards. This is appropriate for any type of nurse, including an RN, NP, or CRNA. For example:\\n“Excuse me, Miss Lauren?”\\n“Thank you, Mister Hill.”\\n“Hi Miss, can you point me in the right direction?”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call them “nurse.”\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"“Nurse” is a respectful way to address any nurse until they tell you otherwise.\", \"描述\": \"It’s similar to how you would call a doctor “doctor” when you first meet. It might feel too formal at first, but many nurses will let you know what to call them after you start talking. Some may prefer “nurse” as a matter of privacy.\\n“Excuse me, nurse?”\\n“Thank you, nurse!”\\n“Good morning, nurse. How would you like to be addressed?”\\nEven though a Nurse Practitioner may serve in a doctor-like role, they should still be addressed as “nurse” rather than “doctor.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use their first name.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The majority of nurses prefer to be called their first name at work.\", \"描述\": \"It helps build a comfortable, caring relationship with the patients they’re looking after. Wait to call them by name until they introduce themself this way or you ask if that’s what they prefer. Otherwise, stick with Miss, Mister, or Nurse.\\n“Thank you, Emily!”\\n“Can you get John for me?”\\n“Sarah, which medication am I supposed to take first?”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use “nurse” plus their name.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"If you know the nurse's first or last name, use it after the word “nurse.”\", \"描述\": \"This format is a little outdated, but it’s still a respectful way to address a nurse if you're unsure what they prefer or want to be more formal. Check the nurse’s name tag if you’re unsure what to call them (most just have a first name and last initial).\\n“Hi, I’m looking for Nurse Claire.”\\n“Thank you, Nurse Kyle!”\\n“Where’s Nurse Jones?”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Call them “doctor” if they have a DNP.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Nurses with a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) or PhD can be called “doctor.”\", \"描述\": \"A DNP is an advanced degree in nursing and does not change the nurse’s role in a hospital or practice. The nurse will usually tell you to call them “nurse” or their first name to avoid confusion with physicians and medical doctors.\\nThey may say something like, “Hi, I’m Dr. Johnson and I’m your Nurse Practitioner. You can call me Justin.”\\nThey may just introduce themself without their title, like “Hi there, I’m Jackie and I’ll be your nurse today.”\\nThe nurse’s name tag may or may not indicate they have a DNP. Chances are they’ll tell you this information when you meet.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Refer to a military nurse by their rank.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Military nurses are ranked officers, just like soldiers.\", \"描述\": \"In this case, it’s appropriate to call them by their rank and last name. If they don’t introduce themselves as such, you can gather their rank by their name tag or uniform decoration. For example:\\n“Good morning, Officer Williams.”\\n“Excuse me, Lieutenant Brown?”\\n“You’ll be working with Captain Schumacher today.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Address mail with their name and designation.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"On the envelope, include their designation after their full name.\", \"描述\": \"This way, there’s no confusion about who the letter or note is for and you don’t have to worry about a prefix. The most common designations are RN (Registered Nurse), APRN (Advanced Practice Registered Nurse), and LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse). If they’re a Nurse Practitioner, use NP. For example:\\n“To: Joan Smith, RN”\\n“For Kevin McNamara, NP”\\n“Jack Klein, APRN”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Use their name in a salutation.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"In a letter or email greeting, address them like you'd address an acquaintance.\", \"描述\": \"Use their first name if you’re friendly or close to them, or call them Mister or Miss with their last name to be more formal. You’ll most likely only address them this way if you’re writing a thank you letter or, if you’re very close, inviting them to an event. For example:\\n“Dear Joanna”\\n“Dear Mr. Weiss”\\n“Dear Miss Andrews”\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Male nurses should be referred to as “nurse” and not as a “murse” (a combination of the words “male” and “nurse”) as a sign of respect.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"When in doubt, ask your nurse what they prefer to be called. They’ll often say you can address them by their first name.\\n\", \"To avoid confusion, only address medical doctors as “doctor.” Even if a nurse has a DNP, they will often go by “nurse” or their name for clarity.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,235 | How to Address a PhD in Email | 1. Do you address someone with a Ph.D. as a doctor?
Yes, address someone with a Ph.D. as “Dr.”
Start your email with “Dear Dr. Jones,” or “Dr. Jones,” then start the body of your email in the next line. This rule applies regardless of what their degree is in. There is no need to include the addressee’s first name.
2. How to Address an Email to Multiple Professors
Address each professor separately using their title and last name.
Strictly use their last names, and use “Dr.” for Ph.D. holders, or “Professor” for teaching assistants and other non-doctors. Separate their names with a comma. You can use the salutation “Dear” at the beginning if you’d like. If you aren’t sure who has a Ph.D. and who doesn’t, just use “Professor” for all of them. You might write:
“Dear Professor Jones, Professor Smith, and Professor Ali.”
“Dr. Jones, Dr. Smith, and Professor Ali,”
“Dr. Jones and Professor Smith,”
3. What is the proper way to write a name with Ph.D.?
Write a name with a Ph.D. as “Dr. Jimmy Jones.”
If you’re want to write someone’s name and they have a Ph.D., put “Dr.” in front of their full name. If you’re addressing a Ph.D. directly or writing to someone who knows them, skip the first name and just write “Dr. Jones.”
You may have seen Ph.D. holders put “Ph.D.” at the end of their name. This is something authors do, but you shouldn’t need to write it this way.
4. Do you call a professor a doctor?
Adress a professor as "doctor" only if they have a Ph.D.
You usually need a doctoral degree to be hired as a college professor, so many higher educators are indeed doctors. If you know that a college professor is a doctor, opt for “Dr.” instead of “professor” when you address them via email. If you aren’t sure or you know they don’t have a Ph.D., call them “professor” when you email them.
You’re very unlikely to get into any trouble by referring to your college teacher as “professor,” even if they are a doctor. At worst, they’ll kindly correct you.
In the United States, it is generally seen by most educators as socially acceptable to address a doctor who is also a professor as “professor.” It’s not technically correct, but you’re unlikely to offend any of your educators. As such, you can usually call a doctor a professor or Dr. in email.
5. How do you address Ph.D. students?
Opt for “Mr.,” “Ms.,” or “Professor,” if you’re addressing a Ph.D. student.
If the person is working towards their Ph.D. and they’re teaching a college course you’re enrolled in, you might write, “Dear Professor Jones,” or “Professor Jones.” If they aren’t a teacher, use “Mr. Jones,” “Ms. Jones,” or, “Dear Mr./Ms. Jones.”
A Ph.D. student is not a doctor yet, but they may still be a professor.
“Professor” traditionally refers to tenure-track educators at the collegiate level, but there’s no harm or risk of offense by calling an adjunct instructor, lecturer, or TA, “professor.”
“Miss” has historically been used to address unmarried women, while “Mrs.” has referred to married women. These titles are going out of style since many people find them offensive, so you’re best off skipping these.
6. Do the rules for addressing Ph.D. holders ever change?
The rules for addressing Ph.D. holders change from country to country.
The rules covered thus far have applied specifically to the United States, but every country has their own quirks and guidelines here. Refer to your country’s guidelines or look online for a local example if you want to know the proper formatting.
For example, in Canada, you are not “officially” allowed to refer to non-medical doctors as “Dr.” You would address them as “Mr. Jones, Doctor of Mathematics.”
This also applies to the “Jimmy Jones, Ph.D.” form, too. In the United Kingdom, for example, you don’t use any periods. Someone in the UK would write, “Jimmy Jones, PhD” without the punctuation.
Tips
It doesn’t matter if someone has a Ph.D. is in philosophy, education, biology, math, or any other discipline. If a person has obtained a doctorate degree, they’re a doctor—even if they don’t see patients.[10]
X
Research source
Ph.D. is shorthand for doctor of philosophy. The word “doctor” comes from the Latin word “docere,” which means “to teach.” In ancient times, “Philosophy” was used to refer to any academic field.[11]
X
Research source
The only exception, at least in the United States, are people with a law degree (they are technically “Juris Doctors”, or J.Ds). You do not use a special title or honorific to address someone with a law degree.[12]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Do you address someone with a Ph.D. as a doctor?\\nYes, address someone with a Ph.D. as “Dr.”\\nStart your email with “Dear Dr. Jones,” or “Dr. Jones,” then start the body of your email in the next line. This rule applies regardless of what their degree is in. There is no need to include the addressee’s first name.\\n2. How to Address an Email to Multiple Professors\\nAddress each professor separately using their title and last name.\\nStrictly use their last names, and use “Dr.” for Ph.D. holders, or “Professor” for teaching assistants and other non-doctors. Separate their names with a comma. You can use the salutation “Dear” at the beginning if you’d like. If you aren’t sure who has a Ph.D. and who doesn’t, just use “Professor” for all of them. You might write:\\n“Dear Professor Jones, Professor Smith, and Professor Ali.”\\n“Dr. Jones, Dr. Smith, and Professor Ali,”\\n“Dr. Jones and Professor Smith,”\\n3. What is the proper way to write a name with Ph.D.?\\nWrite a name with a Ph.D. as “Dr. Jimmy Jones.”\\nIf you’re want to write someone’s name and they have a Ph.D., put “Dr.” in front of their full name. If you’re addressing a Ph.D. directly or writing to someone who knows them, skip the first name and just write “Dr. Jones.”\\nYou may have seen Ph.D. holders put “Ph.D.” at the end of their name. This is something authors do, but you shouldn’t need to write it this way.\\n4. Do you call a professor a doctor?\\nAdress a professor as \\\"doctor\\\" only if they have a Ph.D.\\nYou usually need a doctoral degree to be hired as a college professor, so many higher educators are indeed doctors. If you know that a college professor is a doctor, opt for “Dr.” instead of “professor” when you address them via email. If you aren’t sure or you know they don’t have a Ph.D., call them “professor” when you email them.\\nYou’re very unlikely to get into any trouble by referring to your college teacher as “professor,” even if they are a doctor. At worst, they’ll kindly correct you.\\nIn the United States, it is generally seen by most educators as socially acceptable to address a doctor who is also a professor as “professor.” It’s not technically correct, but you’re unlikely to offend any of your educators. As such, you can usually call a doctor a professor or Dr. in email.\\n5. How do you address Ph.D. students?\\nOpt for “Mr.,” “Ms.,” or “Professor,” if you’re addressing a Ph.D. student.\\nIf the person is working towards their Ph.D. and they’re teaching a college course you’re enrolled in, you might write, “Dear Professor Jones,” or “Professor Jones.” If they aren’t a teacher, use “Mr. Jones,” “Ms. Jones,” or, “Dear Mr./Ms. Jones.”\\nA Ph.D. student is not a doctor yet, but they may still be a professor.\\n“Professor” traditionally refers to tenure-track educators at the collegiate level, but there’s no harm or risk of offense by calling an adjunct instructor, lecturer, or TA, “professor.”\\n“Miss” has historically been used to address unmarried women, while “Mrs.” has referred to married women. These titles are going out of style since many people find them offensive, so you’re best off skipping these.\\n6. Do the rules for addressing Ph.D. holders ever change?\\nThe rules for addressing Ph.D. holders change from country to country.\\nThe rules covered thus far have applied specifically to the United States, but every country has their own quirks and guidelines here. Refer to your country’s guidelines or look online for a local example if you want to know the proper formatting.\\nFor example, in Canada, you are not “officially” allowed to refer to non-medical doctors as “Dr.” You would address them as “Mr. Jones, Doctor of Mathematics.”\\nThis also applies to the “Jimmy Jones, Ph.D.” form, too. In the United Kingdom, for example, you don’t use any periods. Someone in the UK would write, “Jimmy Jones, PhD” without the punctuation.\\nTips\\nIt doesn’t matter if someone has a Ph.D. is in philosophy, education, biology, math, or any other discipline. If a person has obtained a doctorate degree, they’re a doctor—even if they don’t see patients.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nPh.D. is shorthand for doctor of philosophy. The word “doctor” comes from the Latin word “docere,” which means “to teach.” In ancient times, “Philosophy” was used to refer to any academic field.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nThe only exception, at least in the United States, are people with a law degree (they are technically “Juris Doctors”, or J.Ds). You do not use a special title or honorific to address someone with a law degree.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Writing an email to a college professor with a Ph.D.? Do you call someone with a Ph.D. a doctor? Figuring out the right way to address someone with a doctorate is a lot easier than it may seem, and we’re going to break this down so that you can get it right. In this article, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about how to address someone with a Ph.D.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do you address someone with a Ph.D. as a doctor?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Yes, address someone with a Ph.D. as “Dr.”\", \"描述\": \"Start your email with “Dear Dr. Jones,” or “Dr. Jones,” then start the body of your email in the next line. This rule applies regardless of what their degree is in. There is no need to include the addressee’s first name.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"How to Address an Email to Multiple Professors\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address each professor separately using their title and last name.\", \"描述\": \"Strictly use their last names, and use “Dr.” for Ph.D. holders, or “Professor” for teaching assistants and other non-doctors. Separate their names with a comma. You can use the salutation “Dear” at the beginning if you’d like. If you aren’t sure who has a Ph.D. and who doesn’t, just use “Professor” for all of them. You might write:\\n“Dear Professor Jones, Professor Smith, and Professor Ali.”\\n“Dr. Jones, Dr. Smith, and Professor Ali,”\\n“Dr. Jones and Professor Smith,”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"What is the proper way to write a name with Ph.D.?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write a name with a Ph.D. as “Dr. Jimmy Jones.”\", \"描述\": \"If you’re want to write someone’s name and they have a Ph.D., put “Dr.” in front of their full name. If you’re addressing a Ph.D. directly or writing to someone who knows them, skip the first name and just write “Dr. Jones.”\\nYou may have seen Ph.D. holders put “Ph.D.” at the end of their name. This is something authors do, but you shouldn’t need to write it this way.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do you call a professor a doctor?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adress a professor as \\\"doctor\\\" only if they have a Ph.D.\", \"描述\": \"You usually need a doctoral degree to be hired as a college professor, so many higher educators are indeed doctors. If you know that a college professor is a doctor, opt for “Dr.” instead of “professor” when you address them via email. If you aren’t sure or you know they don’t have a Ph.D., call them “professor” when you email them.\\nYou’re very unlikely to get into any trouble by referring to your college teacher as “professor,” even if they are a doctor. At worst, they’ll kindly correct you.\\nIn the United States, it is generally seen by most educators as socially acceptable to address a doctor who is also a professor as “professor.” It’s not technically correct, but you’re unlikely to offend any of your educators. As such, you can usually call a doctor a professor or Dr. in email.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"How do you address Ph.D. students?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Opt for “Mr.,” “Ms.,” or “Professor,” if you’re addressing a Ph.D. student.\", \"描述\": \"If the person is working towards their Ph.D. and they’re teaching a college course you’re enrolled in, you might write, “Dear Professor Jones,” or “Professor Jones.” If they aren’t a teacher, use “Mr. Jones,” “Ms. Jones,” or, “Dear Mr./Ms. Jones.”\\nA Ph.D. student is not a doctor yet, but they may still be a professor.\\n“Professor” traditionally refers to tenure-track educators at the collegiate level, but there’s no harm or risk of offense by calling an adjunct instructor, lecturer, or TA, “professor.”\\n“Miss” has historically been used to address unmarried women, while “Mrs.” has referred to married women. These titles are going out of style since many people find them offensive, so you’re best off skipping these.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do the rules for addressing Ph.D. holders ever change?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The rules for addressing Ph.D. holders change from country to country.\", \"描述\": \"The rules covered thus far have applied specifically to the United States, but every country has their own quirks and guidelines here. Refer to your country’s guidelines or look online for a local example if you want to know the proper formatting.\\nFor example, in Canada, you are not “officially” allowed to refer to non-medical doctors as “Dr.” You would address them as “Mr. Jones, Doctor of Mathematics.”\\nThis also applies to the “Jimmy Jones, Ph.D.” form, too. In the United Kingdom, for example, you don’t use any periods. Someone in the UK would write, “Jimmy Jones, PhD” without the punctuation.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"It doesn’t matter if someone has a Ph.D. is in philosophy, education, biology, math, or any other discipline. If a person has obtained a doctorate degree, they’re a doctor—even if they don’t see patients.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Ph.D. is shorthand for doctor of philosophy. The word “doctor” comes from the Latin word “docere,” which means “to teach.” In ancient times, “Philosophy” was used to refer to any academic field.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"The only exception, at least in the United States, are people with a law degree (they are technically “Juris Doctors”, or J.Ds). You do not use a special title or honorific to address someone with a law degree.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,236 | How to Address Red Flags in a Relationship | 1. Take the relationship slowly and watch for red flags.
Avoid making a big commitment until you're sure it's a healthy dynamic.
In the first year or so of a relationship, you're really just getting to know your partner. This is the time when you should really be evaluating whether or not you're a good fit for each other. Give yourself time to really get to know this person before you fully commit to them, like moving in together or agreeing to marry them. During that time, pay close attention to the following red flags:
Disrespectful behavior or speech
Angry flare-ups
Dishonesty
Moving too fast
Breaking up and getting back together frequently
Threats of violence or self-harm if the relationship ends
Pressuring or forcing you to do sexual things you're not comfortable with
Physical violence (make this an immediate dealbreaker)
2. Talk openly with your partner about red flags.
Addressing them early on will let you know if things can be fixed.
If you notice something in your relationship that seems troubling, open up and talk to your partner about it. It can be hard to bring up unpleasant subjects, but in the long run, talking about your concerns can help you create healthier boundaries in your relationship.
Try to share your thoughts in a kind and loving way, and be patient and actively listen when your partner talks. In a healthy relationship, you should be able to resolve conflicts calmly.
It's a big red flag if you feel like you can't talk to your partner about any of your concerns. If they regularly shut you down when you try to talk about problems, it's probably a sign the relationship isn't healthy and you should leave.
3. Use "I" statements when you share your feelings.
Speaking from your own perspective can make your partner feel less defensive.
If something is bothering you, it doesn't help much to point the finger at your partner. They're more likely to shut down, and nothing will get resolved. Instead, share your feelings with "I" statements to give your partner insight into why it's important for you.
For instance, instead of saying, "You never help me with the dishes!" you might say, "I sometimes feel frustrated when I have to do all the dishes myself. I was wondering if we could find a compromise that works for both of us."
4. Set boundaries and stick to them.
Make it clear early on what is and isn't okay.
While all relationships take some compromising, there are some things that should be non-negotiable for you. These might be things like not being lied to, the other person following through when you make plans together, being exclusive with each other, not being yelled at, and so on. Communicate these clearly to your partner. If they make a habit of disrespecting those boundaries, that's a huge red flag and you should leave the relationship.
For instance, you might say, "It's really important to me to spend time with my sister. It's embarrassing and upsetting for you to call me over and over while I'm there, and I'm not okay with that. If it keeps happening, I can't be with you."
If someone acts in a way that's abusive, communicating your boundaries may not be enough. It's best to leave these situations as early as possible so things don't escalate.
5. Stay true to yourself, even if they ask you to change.
It's not a good sign if your partner asks you to be someone else.
Maybe they want you to dress differently around their friends, laugh a little less loudly at your favorite comic, or change your job. These are huge red flags! Your partner should love you for exactly who you are, and if they don't, it's probably time to leave the relationship.
Also be wary if your partner asks you to quit hobbies or activities that you enjoy.
It's fine if your partner asks you to compromise on little things, like not clipping your toenails over the carpet or not leaving dirty dishes in the sink. However, they should never ask you to change the core of who you are.
6. Make it clear that you won't tolerate dishonesty.
Calmly explain that you know they lied and you won't accept it.
If you catch your partner lying, it can be really upsetting, but it doesn't help to blow up. Instead, have a calm discussion where you let them know you're aware that they were dishonest, and talk about how that makes you feel. While one instance of lying might not be enough to end the relationship, it is a big red flag. If it turns into a pattern, you should leave.
For instance, you might say, "One of my friends texted me a picture of you at a party Saturday night when you said you were at home studying. I'm really hurt that you felt like you had to lie to me about that. We can't have a healthy relationship if you lie."
7. Stand up for yourself against controlling behavior.
It's unhealthy for your partner to make all the decisions.
They shouldn't try to tell you who you can spend time with, what you should wear, or how you should act. If you notice behaviors like this, speak up and let your partner know that you expect an equal role in the relationship. If you confront it early on and stand your ground, you may be able to curb controlling behavior. However, some people have a tendency to control their partners, so you may need to end a relationship where this happens.
This dynamic can quickly become toxic. If it doesn't change after one or two instances, it's best to get out before the problem becomes worse.
8. Don't let your partner cut you off from family and friends.
An abusive partner may try to stop you from seeing them.
They might try to make you feel like you're "choosing" your loved ones over them if you try to see them. This is a really unhealthy dynamic that's only likely to get worse over time. If you notice this, firmly make it clear that spending time with the people you love is important to you, then make and keep dates with them as regularly as possible.
If this turns into an ongoing issue with your partner, it's probably best to end the relationship.
Keep in mind that if your partner only has concerns about your relationship with one person, it's not necessarily a red flag. Still, they should never tell you who you can or can't see.
9. Give your partner positive feedback if they're trying.
It can help to acknowledge when they're making an effort.
They might not get it right on the first try. However, if you can tell that they're trying to change, it may be worth being patient through the process. Let them know you appreciate the effort that they're making, even if it's not exactly what you're looking for. That will help encourage them to keep trying, and things should get easier over time.
For instance, if your partner normally shuts down instead of communicating, tell them how much you appreciate their effort if they share something that's bothering them, even if they said it in an abrupt way.
If your partner has been reluctant to commit, let them know it means a lot to you when they introduce you to a close friend—even if they're not ready for you to meet their parents yet.
10. Talk to a counselor if you need additional help.
A third party can give you both perspective on the problem.
It can be hard to overcome relationship red flags on your own. If you're arguing a lot or you're having trouble trusting each other, it can help to talk to a trained relationship counselor. They'll help mediate your conversations so you can really understand where the other person is coming from.
11. End the relationship if the problem doesn't get better.
If nothing changes after you talk about it, move on.
It's fine to try setting boundaries and talking about your feelings, and these can have positive outcomes in a lot of cases. But they shouldn't necessarily be long-term, ongoing conversations. If you've raised your concerns and they don't seem interested in making a change, or if they get defensive whenever you bring up their red flags, it's a toxic situation and you should leave.
For instance, if they refuse to compromise or you catch them being dishonest, it's a good idea to consider leaving.
You should also leave if the relationship feels constantly negative or draining. A healthy relationship has more good than bad!
If your partner is making an effort, it's okay if things don't turn around right away. If they stop trying, though, you may be better off on your own.
12. Leave as soon as it's safe if they're abusive.
This includes verbal, emotional, and physical abuse.
There are a lot of red flags you can try to work through, but abuse isn't one of them. If your partner is calling you names, putting you down, pushing or hitting you, or showing any other signs of abusive behavior, leave the relationship as soon as you feel safe doing so.
If you need to, ask your family and friends for help, or contact law enforcement and let them know you need someone to be present while you gather your things to leave.
You can also contact a hotline for resources and advice. For instance, in the US, call National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or text START to 88788.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Take the relationship slowly and watch for red flags.\\nAvoid making a big commitment until you're sure it's a healthy dynamic.\\nIn the first year or so of a relationship, you're really just getting to know your partner. This is the time when you should really be evaluating whether or not you're a good fit for each other. Give yourself time to really get to know this person before you fully commit to them, like moving in together or agreeing to marry them. During that time, pay close attention to the following red flags:\\nDisrespectful behavior or speech\\nAngry flare-ups\\nDishonesty\\nMoving too fast\\nBreaking up and getting back together frequently\\nThreats of violence or self-harm if the relationship ends\\nPressuring or forcing you to do sexual things you're not comfortable with\\nPhysical violence (make this an immediate dealbreaker)\\n2. Talk openly with your partner about red flags.\\nAddressing them early on will let you know if things can be fixed.\\nIf you notice something in your relationship that seems troubling, open up and talk to your partner about it. It can be hard to bring up unpleasant subjects, but in the long run, talking about your concerns can help you create healthier boundaries in your relationship.\\nTry to share your thoughts in a kind and loving way, and be patient and actively listen when your partner talks. In a healthy relationship, you should be able to resolve conflicts calmly.\\nIt's a big red flag if you feel like you can't talk to your partner about any of your concerns. If they regularly shut you down when you try to talk about problems, it's probably a sign the relationship isn't healthy and you should leave.\\n3. Use \\\"I\\\" statements when you share your feelings.\\nSpeaking from your own perspective can make your partner feel less defensive.\\nIf something is bothering you, it doesn't help much to point the finger at your partner. They're more likely to shut down, and nothing will get resolved. Instead, share your feelings with \\\"I\\\" statements to give your partner insight into why it's important for you.\\nFor instance, instead of saying, \\\"You never help me with the dishes!\\\" you might say, \\\"I sometimes feel frustrated when I have to do all the dishes myself. I was wondering if we could find a compromise that works for both of us.\\\"\\n4. Set boundaries and stick to them.\\nMake it clear early on what is and isn't okay.\\nWhile all relationships take some compromising, there are some things that should be non-negotiable for you. These might be things like not being lied to, the other person following through when you make plans together, being exclusive with each other, not being yelled at, and so on. Communicate these clearly to your partner. If they make a habit of disrespecting those boundaries, that's a huge red flag and you should leave the relationship.\\nFor instance, you might say, \\\"It's really important to me to spend time with my sister. It's embarrassing and upsetting for you to call me over and over while I'm there, and I'm not okay with that. If it keeps happening, I can't be with you.\\\"\\nIf someone acts in a way that's abusive, communicating your boundaries may not be enough. It's best to leave these situations as early as possible so things don't escalate.\\n5. Stay true to yourself, even if they ask you to change.\\nIt's not a good sign if your partner asks you to be someone else.\\nMaybe they want you to dress differently around their friends, laugh a little less loudly at your favorite comic, or change your job. These are huge red flags! Your partner should love you for exactly who you are, and if they don't, it's probably time to leave the relationship.\\nAlso be wary if your partner asks you to quit hobbies or activities that you enjoy.\\nIt's fine if your partner asks you to compromise on little things, like not clipping your toenails over the carpet or not leaving dirty dishes in the sink. However, they should never ask you to change the core of who you are.\\n6. Make it clear that you won't tolerate dishonesty.\\nCalmly explain that you know they lied and you won't accept it.\\nIf you catch your partner lying, it can be really upsetting, but it doesn't help to blow up. Instead, have a calm discussion where you let them know you're aware that they were dishonest, and talk about how that makes you feel. While one instance of lying might not be enough to end the relationship, it is a big red flag. If it turns into a pattern, you should leave.\\nFor instance, you might say, \\\"One of my friends texted me a picture of you at a party Saturday night when you said you were at home studying. I'm really hurt that you felt like you had to lie to me about that. We can't have a healthy relationship if you lie.\\\"\\n7. Stand up for yourself against controlling behavior.\\nIt's unhealthy for your partner to make all the decisions.\\nThey shouldn't try to tell you who you can spend time with, what you should wear, or how you should act. If you notice behaviors like this, speak up and let your partner know that you expect an equal role in the relationship. If you confront it early on and stand your ground, you may be able to curb controlling behavior. However, some people have a tendency to control their partners, so you may need to end a relationship where this happens.\\nThis dynamic can quickly become toxic. If it doesn't change after one or two instances, it's best to get out before the problem becomes worse.\\n8. Don't let your partner cut you off from family and friends.\\nAn abusive partner may try to stop you from seeing them.\\nThey might try to make you feel like you're \\\"choosing\\\" your loved ones over them if you try to see them. This is a really unhealthy dynamic that's only likely to get worse over time. If you notice this, firmly make it clear that spending time with the people you love is important to you, then make and keep dates with them as regularly as possible.\\nIf this turns into an ongoing issue with your partner, it's probably best to end the relationship.\\nKeep in mind that if your partner only has concerns about your relationship with one person, it's not necessarily a red flag. Still, they should never tell you who you can or can't see.\\n9. Give your partner positive feedback if they're trying.\\nIt can help to acknowledge when they're making an effort.\\nThey might not get it right on the first try. However, if you can tell that they're trying to change, it may be worth being patient through the process. Let them know you appreciate the effort that they're making, even if it's not exactly what you're looking for. That will help encourage them to keep trying, and things should get easier over time.\\nFor instance, if your partner normally shuts down instead of communicating, tell them how much you appreciate their effort if they share something that's bothering them, even if they said it in an abrupt way.\\nIf your partner has been reluctant to commit, let them know it means a lot to you when they introduce you to a close friend—even if they're not ready for you to meet their parents yet.\\n10. Talk to a counselor if you need additional help.\\nA third party can give you both perspective on the problem.\\nIt can be hard to overcome relationship red flags on your own. If you're arguing a lot or you're having trouble trusting each other, it can help to talk to a trained relationship counselor. They'll help mediate your conversations so you can really understand where the other person is coming from.\\n11. End the relationship if the problem doesn't get better.\\nIf nothing changes after you talk about it, move on.\\nIt's fine to try setting boundaries and talking about your feelings, and these can have positive outcomes in a lot of cases. But they shouldn't necessarily be long-term, ongoing conversations. If you've raised your concerns and they don't seem interested in making a change, or if they get defensive whenever you bring up their red flags, it's a toxic situation and you should leave.\\nFor instance, if they refuse to compromise or you catch them being dishonest, it's a good idea to consider leaving.\\nYou should also leave if the relationship feels constantly negative or draining. A healthy relationship has more good than bad!\\nIf your partner is making an effort, it's okay if things don't turn around right away. If they stop trying, though, you may be better off on your own.\\n12. Leave as soon as it's safe if they're abusive.\\nThis includes verbal, emotional, and physical abuse.\\nThere are a lot of red flags you can try to work through, but abuse isn't one of them. If your partner is calling you names, putting you down, pushing or hitting you, or showing any other signs of abusive behavior, leave the relationship as soon as you feel safe doing so.\\nIf you need to, ask your family and friends for help, or contact law enforcement and let them know you need someone to be present while you gather your things to leave.\\nYou can also contact a hotline for resources and advice. For instance, in the US, call National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or text START to 88788.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When you're in a relationship, it can be tempting to only see what's great about your partner. However, that can lead you to overlook red flags that could signal an unhealthy relationship. If you're honest with yourself about red flags early on, you may be able to discuss them with your partner and restore a healthy balance to your relationship. We're here with tips on how to handle different situations so you can hopefully get things back on track!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take the relationship slowly and watch for red flags.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid making a big commitment until you're sure it's a healthy dynamic.\", \"描述\": \"In the first year or so of a relationship, you're really just getting to know your partner. This is the time when you should really be evaluating whether or not you're a good fit for each other. Give yourself time to really get to know this person before you fully commit to them, like moving in together or agreeing to marry them. During that time, pay close attention to the following red flags:\\nDisrespectful behavior or speech\\nAngry flare-ups\\nDishonesty\\nMoving too fast\\nBreaking up and getting back together frequently\\nThreats of violence or self-harm if the relationship ends\\nPressuring or forcing you to do sexual things you're not comfortable with\\nPhysical violence (make this an immediate dealbreaker)\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talk openly with your partner about red flags.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing them early on will let you know if things can be fixed.\", \"描述\": \"If you notice something in your relationship that seems troubling, open up and talk to your partner about it. It can be hard to bring up unpleasant subjects, but in the long run, talking about your concerns can help you create healthier boundaries in your relationship.\\nTry to share your thoughts in a kind and loving way, and be patient and actively listen when your partner talks. In a healthy relationship, you should be able to resolve conflicts calmly.\\nIt's a big red flag if you feel like you can't talk to your partner about any of your concerns. If they regularly shut you down when you try to talk about problems, it's probably a sign the relationship isn't healthy and you should leave.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"I\\\" statements when you share your feelings.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Speaking from your own perspective can make your partner feel less defensive.\", \"描述\": \"If something is bothering you, it doesn't help much to point the finger at your partner. They're more likely to shut down, and nothing will get resolved. Instead, share your feelings with \\\"I\\\" statements to give your partner insight into why it's important for you.\\nFor instance, instead of saying, \\\"You never help me with the dishes!\\\" you might say, \\\"I sometimes feel frustrated when I have to do all the dishes myself. I was wondering if we could find a compromise that works for both of us.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Set boundaries and stick to them.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make it clear early on what is and isn't okay.\", \"描述\": \"While all relationships take some compromising, there are some things that should be non-negotiable for you. These might be things like not being lied to, the other person following through when you make plans together, being exclusive with each other, not being yelled at, and so on. Communicate these clearly to your partner. If they make a habit of disrespecting those boundaries, that's a huge red flag and you should leave the relationship.\\nFor instance, you might say, \\\"It's really important to me to spend time with my sister. It's embarrassing and upsetting for you to call me over and over while I'm there, and I'm not okay with that. If it keeps happening, I can't be with you.\\\"\\nIf someone acts in a way that's abusive, communicating your boundaries may not be enough. It's best to leave these situations as early as possible so things don't escalate.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stay true to yourself, even if they ask you to change.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It's not a good sign if your partner asks you to be someone else.\", \"描述\": \"Maybe they want you to dress differently around their friends, laugh a little less loudly at your favorite comic, or change your job. These are huge red flags! Your partner should love you for exactly who you are, and if they don't, it's probably time to leave the relationship.\\nAlso be wary if your partner asks you to quit hobbies or activities that you enjoy.\\nIt's fine if your partner asks you to compromise on little things, like not clipping your toenails over the carpet or not leaving dirty dishes in the sink. However, they should never ask you to change the core of who you are.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make it clear that you won't tolerate dishonesty.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Calmly explain that you know they lied and you won't accept it.\", \"描述\": \"If you catch your partner lying, it can be really upsetting, but it doesn't help to blow up. Instead, have a calm discussion where you let them know you're aware that they were dishonest, and talk about how that makes you feel. While one instance of lying might not be enough to end the relationship, it is a big red flag. If it turns into a pattern, you should leave.\\nFor instance, you might say, \\\"One of my friends texted me a picture of you at a party Saturday night when you said you were at home studying. I'm really hurt that you felt like you had to lie to me about that. We can't have a healthy relationship if you lie.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Stand up for yourself against controlling behavior.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It's unhealthy for your partner to make all the decisions.\", \"描述\": \"They shouldn't try to tell you who you can spend time with, what you should wear, or how you should act. If you notice behaviors like this, speak up and let your partner know that you expect an equal role in the relationship. If you confront it early on and stand your ground, you may be able to curb controlling behavior. However, some people have a tendency to control their partners, so you may need to end a relationship where this happens.\\nThis dynamic can quickly become toxic. If it doesn't change after one or two instances, it's best to get out before the problem becomes worse.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Don't let your partner cut you off from family and friends.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"An abusive partner may try to stop you from seeing them.\", \"描述\": \"They might try to make you feel like you're \\\"choosing\\\" your loved ones over them if you try to see them. This is a really unhealthy dynamic that's only likely to get worse over time. If you notice this, firmly make it clear that spending time with the people you love is important to you, then make and keep dates with them as regularly as possible.\\nIf this turns into an ongoing issue with your partner, it's probably best to end the relationship.\\nKeep in mind that if your partner only has concerns about your relationship with one person, it's not necessarily a red flag. Still, they should never tell you who you can or can't see.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Give your partner positive feedback if they're trying.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It can help to acknowledge when they're making an effort.\", \"描述\": \"They might not get it right on the first try. However, if you can tell that they're trying to change, it may be worth being patient through the process. Let them know you appreciate the effort that they're making, even if it's not exactly what you're looking for. That will help encourage them to keep trying, and things should get easier over time.\\nFor instance, if your partner normally shuts down instead of communicating, tell them how much you appreciate their effort if they share something that's bothering them, even if they said it in an abrupt way.\\nIf your partner has been reluctant to commit, let them know it means a lot to you when they introduce you to a close friend—even if they're not ready for you to meet their parents yet.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Talk to a counselor if you need additional help.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A third party can give you both perspective on the problem.\", \"描述\": \"It can be hard to overcome relationship red flags on your own. If you're arguing a lot or you're having trouble trusting each other, it can help to talk to a trained relationship counselor. They'll help mediate your conversations so you can really understand where the other person is coming from.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"End the relationship if the problem doesn't get better.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"If nothing changes after you talk about it, move on.\", \"描述\": \"It's fine to try setting boundaries and talking about your feelings, and these can have positive outcomes in a lot of cases. But they shouldn't necessarily be long-term, ongoing conversations. If you've raised your concerns and they don't seem interested in making a change, or if they get defensive whenever you bring up their red flags, it's a toxic situation and you should leave.\\nFor instance, if they refuse to compromise or you catch them being dishonest, it's a good idea to consider leaving.\\nYou should also leave if the relationship feels constantly negative or draining. A healthy relationship has more good than bad!\\nIf your partner is making an effort, it's okay if things don't turn around right away. If they stop trying, though, you may be better off on your own.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Leave as soon as it's safe if they're abusive.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"This includes verbal, emotional, and physical abuse.\", \"描述\": \"There are a lot of red flags you can try to work through, but abuse isn't one of them. If your partner is calling you names, putting you down, pushing or hitting you, or showing any other signs of abusive behavior, leave the relationship as soon as you feel safe doing so.\\nIf you need to, ask your family and friends for help, or contact law enforcement and let them know you need someone to be present while you gather your things to leave.\\nYou can also contact a hotline for resources and advice. For instance, in the US, call National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or text START to 88788.\"}]}]}}",
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1,237 | How to Address Response Card Envelopes | 1. Addressing Response Cards for Your Event
1-1. Address the response cards to yourself.
The response cards are exactly that – a response – and so must be addressed to you so that your guests can simply stick the card in the envelope and put it in the post. While the invitation envelope is addressed and mailed to the invited guests, the response card will be sent to you, or whoever you designate to be in charge of collecting responses.
Use the guest’s address for the return address so that they will receive the response card back if there is a problem with the mail.
Because response card envelopes tend to be much smaller than invitation envelopes, you can instruct your calligrapher or printing service to print the guest’s address on the envelope’s back flap, leaving only your address on the front of the envelope.
1-2. Decide which return address to use.
The return address on your address cards may differ from the one on your invitations because someone may be hosting one event and someone hosting another, such as a wedding and the reception. Typically, whoever is hosting the event will receive the response cards and their address should be used as the return address.
In formal and traditional weddings, this is usually the bride's parents' residence. Many modern couples have them sent to whomever is primarily responsible for tracking RSVPs and communicating with wedding vendors.
1-3. Choose how to address recipients.
How you address recipients can set the tone for your event. If you address them more formally or traditionally, this signals that your event is likely formal or traditional. Similarly, a more contemporary method of address may indicate a less formal or more contemporary event. Whatever you choose, verify that you have the spelling of each name correct before you begin filling out envelopes.
If you prefer to be less formal or more contemporary, you may simply write the attendees first and last names on the envelope – “John and Kim Washington”.
The traditional wording is "Mr. and Mrs. John Smith," or “The Smith Family."
1-4. Don’t use nicknames.
Whether your event is traditional, formal, contemporary, or informal, you want to avoid using guests’ nicknames or initials. It’s fine to use these names in conversation, but not for an event, no matter how formal or informal it may be.
The only exception to this rule is if one of your guests strictly goes by an initial and then a last name. For example, “W. Daniel Johnson” would be acceptable if they only go by that name professionally and personally, with no exceptions.
1-5. Use professional titles if appropriate.
If your guest has a professional title, use this title in your address. Examples of professional titles include Dr., Esq., and Sergeant. You won’t abbreviate these titles in the address; instead, you’ll spell them out, just as you will with the addresses.
If your guest has a professional title and their companion doesn’t, you’ll still use the appropriate professional and social titles – “Doctor and Mr Sanchez” or “Colonel and Mrs. Brown”
If both of your guests hold the same professional title, you’ll simply write “Doctors Cantello”
1-6. Use appropriate social titles.
When addressing your response cards, use appropriate social titles if no professional title is being used. The traditional social forms of address are Mr., Mrs., Ms., and Miss. Some of your guests may not be comfortable with these gendered forms of social address and might prefer a gender-neutral title.
Mr. is the social address used for men, unless they have a professional designation.
Miss indicates an unmarried woman.
Mrs. indicates a married woman.
Ms. is often used professionally by women, and also is used frequently by women who prefer their social address be unrelated to their marital status.
There is a lengthy list of gender-neutral forms of address. Find out what your guest’s preference and use that title.
Follow the same rules of address for same-sex couples, basing your decision on shared or different last names and professional titles.
1-7. Use both last names.
While many of your guests will share last names, it is likely that many won’t. If you’re sending a response card to a couple with different last names, simply write out both names. It would be seen as disrespectful to send separate invitations rather than put one couple on the same response card.
For couples with different last names, write out both names – “Mr. Ezra Houston and Ms. Sam Pirkle”.
You don’t need to fill in names on the response cards themselves. Instead, write a capital letter M followed by a long line “M____________________________”. This allows attendees to fill in their own information as they’d prefer it be written.
2. Including Essential Information
2-1. Determine the RSVP date.
All response cards should have an RSVP date, which is the date that you want guests to respond by. Typically your RSVP date should be three or four weeks before the event so that you have plenty of time to make seating charts and give a final head count to the caterers.
Contact anyone who hasn’t responded via phone or email and ask them to follow up on your conversation by returning the printed card so that you can keep everything organized.
There are several ways to word this section, such as, “Kindly reply by May 3, 2016” or “RSVP by 5/3/16,” or you might even have fun with it by saying, “Respond by 5/3 or forever hold your peace.”
2-2. Leave a space for names.
You not only want an accurate head count, but you want to make sure that you know the name of every person attending your function. How you handle this will be dictated, in part, by the formality of your event. At the minimum, though, make sure that you leave a space so that guests may write out their names on the card.
This is also helpful because it ensures that you have the correct spelling of everyone’s name.
2-3. Ask if they’ll be attending.
Every response card should have a space for guests to accept or decline your invitation. Again, how you word this will be informed by the formality of your event and your personal preference. At the minimum, though, you want to know if they are coming and how many people will be in their group.
Etiquette says that only those invited by name should expect to attend; however, some guests assume that they can bring their children, partners, or other guests. One clever way to avoid this is to write, “_____ seats are reserved for your party.” Then, simply fill in the space when you address the card so that it’s clear exactly how many people you’re inviting.
If you’re inviting specific guests to multiple events, such as a rehearsal dinner, wedding, and reception, include a response card for each event so that you can keep everything organized.
2-4. Ask about entrée preferences.
The response card is the perfect opportunity to ask your guests what entrée they would prefer. Of course, this is only applicable if you’re planning on offering options. If you’re opting to offer the same meal to all guests, have a buffet-style meal, or serve hors d’oeuvres, you might leave this section off altogether.
You can also include a space for dietary restrictions here, if you plan to accommodate them.
3. Printing and Sending the Cards
3-1. Decide on card style.
Traditionally, a response card is returned in an enclosed, stamped envelope. To save money on printing and postage, and to reduce paper consumption, many people are opting for a postcard-style response card instead. A more formal or traditional event will almost certainly call for an envelope, whereas more contemporary or less formal events may work well with a postcard style response card.
3-2. Print the address response cards.
In addition to deciding whether you want a postcard or envelope system, you also need to decide if you want to print or hand letter your cards, typically written in calligraphy. It is useful to remember that the print on your invitations should match the print on your cards, which may inform your decision to print or hand letter one way or another.
If you are planning a wedding and it is formal, all of your stationery should be professionally hand-scribed. Etiquette is more lax with semi-formal and informal weddings, and many brides use their own penmanship, or labels printed from their computers.
3-3. Hire a calligrapher.
If you prefer a personal touch and opt to have your invitations and return cards hand lettered, consider hiring a calligrapher. Even if you’re proficient in calligraphy, hiring a trained calligrapher can save you time and aggravation, freeing you up to focus on your event. Of course, there are considerations that go into hiring someone to hand letter your correspondence for you.
Your budget. Calligraphers usually charge between $2-$5 per envelope, although the price may be higher if you have special requests.
Your schedule. Begin looking for a calligrapher as early as possible. The quicker the turnaround, the more expensive the service will be.
Your style preference. Every calligrapher has their own style. Look at several calligraphers and decide whose style you like most.
Your area. Whether you’re from a large city or not, look outside your area for calligraphers. This is especially easy with the internet.
Recommendations from wedding planners, event organizers, or word-of-mouth.
3-4. Printing your response cards.
If you opt to print your cards rather than hand scribe them, you’ll need to decide if you want to print them at home or have them professionally printed. If you choose to print them at home, you’ll need to purchase a few items beforehand. If you opt to have them printed professionally, discuss stationery and font options with your printer before designing your invitations and response cards.
If printing at home, you’ll need a computer, a desktop publishing program, stationery, a working printer, and plenty of printer ink.
3-5. Pay for postage.
Whether you choose to pay for postage of the response cards is your decision. Some people believe that they should not be required to pay for postage because they’ll be paying for the event, and others feel that the hosts should pay for postage as a courtesy. Ultimately, you must decide if postage is within your budget and if you agree that it’s your responsibility.
You will likely receive more returned response cards if you include postage.
Place a stamp on the top right corner of each response card envelope or postcard.
Tips
The response card recipient should preserve and save the envelopes until recording the enclosed response. Guests often forget to print their names on the response card, and the envelope becomes the only way to determine who sent the response.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing Response Cards for Your Event\\n1-1. Address the response cards to yourself.\\nThe response cards are exactly that – a response – and so must be addressed to you so that your guests can simply stick the card in the envelope and put it in the post. While the invitation envelope is addressed and mailed to the invited guests, the response card will be sent to you, or whoever you designate to be in charge of collecting responses.\\nUse the guest’s address for the return address so that they will receive the response card back if there is a problem with the mail.\\nBecause response card envelopes tend to be much smaller than invitation envelopes, you can instruct your calligrapher or printing service to print the guest’s address on the envelope’s back flap, leaving only your address on the front of the envelope.\\n1-2. Decide which return address to use.\\nThe return address on your address cards may differ from the one on your invitations because someone may be hosting one event and someone hosting another, such as a wedding and the reception. Typically, whoever is hosting the event will receive the response cards and their address should be used as the return address.\\nIn formal and traditional weddings, this is usually the bride's parents' residence. Many modern couples have them sent to whomever is primarily responsible for tracking RSVPs and communicating with wedding vendors.\\n1-3. Choose how to address recipients.\\nHow you address recipients can set the tone for your event. If you address them more formally or traditionally, this signals that your event is likely formal or traditional. Similarly, a more contemporary method of address may indicate a less formal or more contemporary event. Whatever you choose, verify that you have the spelling of each name correct before you begin filling out envelopes.\\nIf you prefer to be less formal or more contemporary, you may simply write the attendees first and last names on the envelope – “John and Kim Washington”.\\nThe traditional wording is \\\"Mr. and Mrs. John Smith,\\\" or “The Smith Family.\\\"\\n1-4. Don’t use nicknames.\\nWhether your event is traditional, formal, contemporary, or informal, you want to avoid using guests’ nicknames or initials. It’s fine to use these names in conversation, but not for an event, no matter how formal or informal it may be.\\nThe only exception to this rule is if one of your guests strictly goes by an initial and then a last name. For example, “W. Daniel Johnson” would be acceptable if they only go by that name professionally and personally, with no exceptions.\\n1-5. Use professional titles if appropriate.\\nIf your guest has a professional title, use this title in your address. Examples of professional titles include Dr., Esq., and Sergeant. You won’t abbreviate these titles in the address; instead, you’ll spell them out, just as you will with the addresses.\\nIf your guest has a professional title and their companion doesn’t, you’ll still use the appropriate professional and social titles – “Doctor and Mr Sanchez” or “Colonel and Mrs. Brown”\\nIf both of your guests hold the same professional title, you’ll simply write “Doctors Cantello”\\n1-6. Use appropriate social titles.\\nWhen addressing your response cards, use appropriate social titles if no professional title is being used. The traditional social forms of address are Mr., Mrs., Ms., and Miss. Some of your guests may not be comfortable with these gendered forms of social address and might prefer a gender-neutral title.\\nMr. is the social address used for men, unless they have a professional designation.\\nMiss indicates an unmarried woman.\\nMrs. indicates a married woman.\\nMs. is often used professionally by women, and also is used frequently by women who prefer their social address be unrelated to their marital status.\\nThere is a lengthy list of gender-neutral forms of address. Find out what your guest’s preference and use that title.\\nFollow the same rules of address for same-sex couples, basing your decision on shared or different last names and professional titles.\\n1-7. Use both last names.\\nWhile many of your guests will share last names, it is likely that many won’t. If you’re sending a response card to a couple with different last names, simply write out both names. It would be seen as disrespectful to send separate invitations rather than put one couple on the same response card.\\nFor couples with different last names, write out both names – “Mr. Ezra Houston and Ms. Sam Pirkle”.\\nYou don’t need to fill in names on the response cards themselves. Instead, write a capital letter M followed by a long line “M____________________________”. This allows attendees to fill in their own information as they’d prefer it be written.\\n2. Including Essential Information\\n2-1. Determine the RSVP date.\\nAll response cards should have an RSVP date, which is the date that you want guests to respond by. Typically your RSVP date should be three or four weeks before the event so that you have plenty of time to make seating charts and give a final head count to the caterers.\\nContact anyone who hasn’t responded via phone or email and ask them to follow up on your conversation by returning the printed card so that you can keep everything organized.\\nThere are several ways to word this section, such as, “Kindly reply by May 3, 2016” or “RSVP by 5/3/16,” or you might even have fun with it by saying, “Respond by 5/3 or forever hold your peace.”\\n2-2. Leave a space for names.\\nYou not only want an accurate head count, but you want to make sure that you know the name of every person attending your function. How you handle this will be dictated, in part, by the formality of your event. At the minimum, though, make sure that you leave a space so that guests may write out their names on the card.\\nThis is also helpful because it ensures that you have the correct spelling of everyone’s name.\\n2-3. Ask if they’ll be attending.\\nEvery response card should have a space for guests to accept or decline your invitation. Again, how you word this will be informed by the formality of your event and your personal preference. At the minimum, though, you want to know if they are coming and how many people will be in their group.\\nEtiquette says that only those invited by name should expect to attend; however, some guests assume that they can bring their children, partners, or other guests. One clever way to avoid this is to write, “_____ seats are reserved for your party.” Then, simply fill in the space when you address the card so that it’s clear exactly how many people you’re inviting.\\nIf you’re inviting specific guests to multiple events, such as a rehearsal dinner, wedding, and reception, include a response card for each event so that you can keep everything organized.\\n2-4. Ask about entrée preferences.\\nThe response card is the perfect opportunity to ask your guests what entrée they would prefer. Of course, this is only applicable if you’re planning on offering options. If you’re opting to offer the same meal to all guests, have a buffet-style meal, or serve hors d’oeuvres, you might leave this section off altogether.\\nYou can also include a space for dietary restrictions here, if you plan to accommodate them.\\n3. Printing and Sending the Cards\\n3-1. Decide on card style.\\nTraditionally, a response card is returned in an enclosed, stamped envelope. To save money on printing and postage, and to reduce paper consumption, many people are opting for a postcard-style response card instead. A more formal or traditional event will almost certainly call for an envelope, whereas more contemporary or less formal events may work well with a postcard style response card.\\n3-2. Print the address response cards.\\nIn addition to deciding whether you want a postcard or envelope system, you also need to decide if you want to print or hand letter your cards, typically written in calligraphy. It is useful to remember that the print on your invitations should match the print on your cards, which may inform your decision to print or hand letter one way or another.\\nIf you are planning a wedding and it is formal, all of your stationery should be professionally hand-scribed. Etiquette is more lax with semi-formal and informal weddings, and many brides use their own penmanship, or labels printed from their computers.\\n3-3. Hire a calligrapher.\\nIf you prefer a personal touch and opt to have your invitations and return cards hand lettered, consider hiring a calligrapher. Even if you’re proficient in calligraphy, hiring a trained calligrapher can save you time and aggravation, freeing you up to focus on your event. Of course, there are considerations that go into hiring someone to hand letter your correspondence for you.\\nYour budget. Calligraphers usually charge between $2-$5 per envelope, although the price may be higher if you have special requests.\\nYour schedule. Begin looking for a calligrapher as early as possible. The quicker the turnaround, the more expensive the service will be.\\nYour style preference. Every calligrapher has their own style. Look at several calligraphers and decide whose style you like most.\\nYour area. Whether you’re from a large city or not, look outside your area for calligraphers. This is especially easy with the internet.\\nRecommendations from wedding planners, event organizers, or word-of-mouth.\\n3-4. Printing your response cards.\\nIf you opt to print your cards rather than hand scribe them, you’ll need to decide if you want to print them at home or have them professionally printed. If you choose to print them at home, you’ll need to purchase a few items beforehand. If you opt to have them printed professionally, discuss stationery and font options with your printer before designing your invitations and response cards.\\nIf printing at home, you’ll need a computer, a desktop publishing program, stationery, a working printer, and plenty of printer ink.\\n3-5. Pay for postage.\\nWhether you choose to pay for postage of the response cards is your decision. Some people believe that they should not be required to pay for postage because they’ll be paying for the event, and others feel that the hosts should pay for postage as a courtesy. Ultimately, you must decide if postage is within your budget and if you agree that it’s your responsibility.\\nYou will likely receive more returned response cards if you include postage.\\nPlace a stamp on the top right corner of each response card envelope or postcard.\\nTips\\nThe response card recipient should preserve and save the envelopes until recording the enclosed response. Guests often forget to print their names on the response card, and the envelope becomes the only way to determine who sent the response.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When planning a wedding or other large party, keeping count of how many guests will attend and what their meal choices are is especially important so that you may plan appropriately. Most people gather this information by including printed response cards with their invitations. Response cards are identified by their smaller size and are usually accompanied by a small, pre-addressed envelope so that guests can return the card. Etiquette rules apply when you address response card envelopes and vary depending on how formal or traditional your wedding or party is.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing Response Cards for Your Event\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the response cards to yourself.\", \"描述\": \"The response cards are exactly that – a response – and so must be addressed to you so that your guests can simply stick the card in the envelope and put it in the post. While the invitation envelope is addressed and mailed to the invited guests, the response card will be sent to you, or whoever you designate to be in charge of collecting responses.\\nUse the guest’s address for the return address so that they will receive the response card back if there is a problem with the mail.\\nBecause response card envelopes tend to be much smaller than invitation envelopes, you can instruct your calligrapher or printing service to print the guest’s address on the envelope’s back flap, leaving only your address on the front of the envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide which return address to use.\", \"描述\": \"The return address on your address cards may differ from the one on your invitations because someone may be hosting one event and someone hosting another, such as a wedding and the reception. Typically, whoever is hosting the event will receive the response cards and their address should be used as the return address.\\nIn formal and traditional weddings, this is usually the bride's parents' residence. Many modern couples have them sent to whomever is primarily responsible for tracking RSVPs and communicating with wedding vendors.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose how to address recipients.\", \"描述\": \"How you address recipients can set the tone for your event. If you address them more formally or traditionally, this signals that your event is likely formal or traditional. Similarly, a more contemporary method of address may indicate a less formal or more contemporary event. Whatever you choose, verify that you have the spelling of each name correct before you begin filling out envelopes.\\nIf you prefer to be less formal or more contemporary, you may simply write the attendees first and last names on the envelope – “John and Kim Washington”.\\nThe traditional wording is \\\"Mr. and Mrs. John Smith,\\\" or “The Smith Family.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don’t use nicknames.\", \"描述\": \"Whether your event is traditional, formal, contemporary, or informal, you want to avoid using guests’ nicknames or initials. It’s fine to use these names in conversation, but not for an event, no matter how formal or informal it may be.\\nThe only exception to this rule is if one of your guests strictly goes by an initial and then a last name. For example, “W. Daniel Johnson” would be acceptable if they only go by that name professionally and personally, with no exceptions.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use professional titles if appropriate.\", \"描述\": \"If your guest has a professional title, use this title in your address. Examples of professional titles include Dr., Esq., and Sergeant. You won’t abbreviate these titles in the address; instead, you’ll spell them out, just as you will with the addresses.\\nIf your guest has a professional title and their companion doesn’t, you’ll still use the appropriate professional and social titles – “Doctor and Mr Sanchez” or “Colonel and Mrs. Brown”\\nIf both of your guests hold the same professional title, you’ll simply write “Doctors Cantello”\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use appropriate social titles.\", \"描述\": \"When addressing your response cards, use appropriate social titles if no professional title is being used. The traditional social forms of address are Mr., Mrs., Ms., and Miss. Some of your guests may not be comfortable with these gendered forms of social address and might prefer a gender-neutral title.\\nMr. is the social address used for men, unless they have a professional designation.\\nMiss indicates an unmarried woman.\\nMrs. indicates a married woman.\\nMs. is often used professionally by women, and also is used frequently by women who prefer their social address be unrelated to their marital status.\\nThere is a lengthy list of gender-neutral forms of address. Find out what your guest’s preference and use that title.\\nFollow the same rules of address for same-sex couples, basing your decision on shared or different last names and professional titles.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use both last names.\", \"描述\": \"While many of your guests will share last names, it is likely that many won’t. If you’re sending a response card to a couple with different last names, simply write out both names. It would be seen as disrespectful to send separate invitations rather than put one couple on the same response card.\\nFor couples with different last names, write out both names – “Mr. Ezra Houston and Ms. Sam Pirkle”.\\nYou don’t need to fill in names on the response cards themselves. Instead, write a capital letter M followed by a long line “M____________________________”. This allows attendees to fill in their own information as they’d prefer it be written.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Including Essential Information\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine the RSVP date.\", \"描述\": \"All response cards should have an RSVP date, which is the date that you want guests to respond by. Typically your RSVP date should be three or four weeks before the event so that you have plenty of time to make seating charts and give a final head count to the caterers.\\nContact anyone who hasn’t responded via phone or email and ask them to follow up on your conversation by returning the printed card so that you can keep everything organized.\\nThere are several ways to word this section, such as, “Kindly reply by May 3, 2016” or “RSVP by 5/3/16,” or you might even have fun with it by saying, “Respond by 5/3 or forever hold your peace.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Leave a space for names.\", \"描述\": \"You not only want an accurate head count, but you want to make sure that you know the name of every person attending your function. How you handle this will be dictated, in part, by the formality of your event. At the minimum, though, make sure that you leave a space so that guests may write out their names on the card.\\nThis is also helpful because it ensures that you have the correct spelling of everyone’s name.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask if they’ll be attending.\", \"描述\": \"Every response card should have a space for guests to accept or decline your invitation. Again, how you word this will be informed by the formality of your event and your personal preference. At the minimum, though, you want to know if they are coming and how many people will be in their group.\\nEtiquette says that only those invited by name should expect to attend; however, some guests assume that they can bring their children, partners, or other guests. One clever way to avoid this is to write, “_____ seats are reserved for your party.” Then, simply fill in the space when you address the card so that it’s clear exactly how many people you’re inviting.\\nIf you’re inviting specific guests to multiple events, such as a rehearsal dinner, wedding, and reception, include a response card for each event so that you can keep everything organized.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask about entrée preferences.\", \"描述\": \"The response card is the perfect opportunity to ask your guests what entrée they would prefer. Of course, this is only applicable if you’re planning on offering options. If you’re opting to offer the same meal to all guests, have a buffet-style meal, or serve hors d’oeuvres, you might leave this section off altogether.\\nYou can also include a space for dietary restrictions here, if you plan to accommodate them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Printing and Sending the Cards\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide on card style.\", \"描述\": \"Traditionally, a response card is returned in an enclosed, stamped envelope. To save money on printing and postage, and to reduce paper consumption, many people are opting for a postcard-style response card instead. A more formal or traditional event will almost certainly call for an envelope, whereas more contemporary or less formal events may work well with a postcard style response card.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Print the address response cards.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to deciding whether you want a postcard or envelope system, you also need to decide if you want to print or hand letter your cards, typically written in calligraphy. It is useful to remember that the print on your invitations should match the print on your cards, which may inform your decision to print or hand letter one way or another.\\nIf you are planning a wedding and it is formal, all of your stationery should be professionally hand-scribed. Etiquette is more lax with semi-formal and informal weddings, and many brides use their own penmanship, or labels printed from their computers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hire a calligrapher.\", \"描述\": \"If you prefer a personal touch and opt to have your invitations and return cards hand lettered, consider hiring a calligrapher. Even if you’re proficient in calligraphy, hiring a trained calligrapher can save you time and aggravation, freeing you up to focus on your event. Of course, there are considerations that go into hiring someone to hand letter your correspondence for you.\\nYour budget. Calligraphers usually charge between $2-$5 per envelope, although the price may be higher if you have special requests.\\nYour schedule. Begin looking for a calligrapher as early as possible. The quicker the turnaround, the more expensive the service will be.\\nYour style preference. Every calligrapher has their own style. Look at several calligraphers and decide whose style you like most.\\nYour area. Whether you’re from a large city or not, look outside your area for calligraphers. This is especially easy with the internet.\\nRecommendations from wedding planners, event organizers, or word-of-mouth.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Printing your response cards.\", \"描述\": \"If you opt to print your cards rather than hand scribe them, you’ll need to decide if you want to print them at home or have them professionally printed. If you choose to print them at home, you’ll need to purchase a few items beforehand. If you opt to have them printed professionally, discuss stationery and font options with your printer before designing your invitations and response cards.\\nIf printing at home, you’ll need a computer, a desktop publishing program, stationery, a working printer, and plenty of printer ink.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pay for postage.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you choose to pay for postage of the response cards is your decision. Some people believe that they should not be required to pay for postage because they’ll be paying for the event, and others feel that the hosts should pay for postage as a courtesy. Ultimately, you must decide if postage is within your budget and if you agree that it’s your responsibility.\\nYou will likely receive more returned response cards if you include postage.\\nPlace a stamp on the top right corner of each response card envelope or postcard.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The response card recipient should preserve and save the envelopes until recording the enclosed response. Guests often forget to print their names on the response card, and the envelope becomes the only way to determine who sent the response.\\n\"]}]}}",
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1,238 | How to Address Royalty | 1. Addressing Royalty in Person
1-1. Give a head bow or a curtsy.
When meeting a royal person, it's important you offer a bow or a curtsy. This is considered a formality, especially when meeting a member of the British royal family.
If you're male, you should do a neck bow. This simply means bowing by nodding your head.
If you're female, do a small curtsy. This means dipping your body downward slightly by bending your knees.
1-2. Choose the proper greeting for emperors, kings, and queens.
These are among the highest ranking types of royalty, so be sure to address them properly. Emperors, kings, and queens should all be addressed differently.
When referring to an emperor, you would refer to him or her as "His/Her Imperial Majesty, Emperor of (Name of Country)"; when addressing one, replace "His/Her" with "Your".
When referring to a king, say, "His Majesty, the King." When addressing a queen, say, "Your Majesty, my Queen."
1-3. Call princes and princesses by the proper title.
As these are generally the second highest ranking royals, be sure to address them properly. Princes and princesses must be addressed differently.
For a prince, say, "His Royal Highness, Prince of (Name of Country)."
For a princess, say, "Her Royal Highness, Princess of (Name of Country)."
1-4. Select the right term for dukes and duchesses.
There are also formal titles required here. When meeting a duke or a duchess, a formal greeting is necessary.
For a duke, say, "His Grace, the Duke of (Name of Country)."
For a duchess, say, "Her Grace, the Duchess of (Name of Country)."
1-5. Make sure you know the proper titles for lower ranking royalty.
There are various other forms of lower ranking royalty, such as barons, knights, marquees, earls, and countesses. There are proper titles for these people as well that must be used when you address them.
Some titles are simple. For example, a knight is simply addressed as "Sir" followed by his name, and a knight's wife is addressed as "Lady," followed by her name. The same is true for baronets and their wives.
Royal people that fall between knights and baronets and positions like king and queen are usually addressed as, "The Right Honorable," followed by their name. A marquee, for examples, would be addressed as "The Right Honorable."
2. Addressing a Letter to Royalty
2-1. Begin the letter with a proper salutation.
If you're writing a letter to royalty, your salutation needs to be slightly more formal than a regular letter. Your salutation should have two lines.
On the first line, begin with "Unto" and then include the appropriate title of address. For example, if you're writing to the King of England, your first line would read, "Unto His Majesty, the King of England."
The second line should state who you are. A letter to royalty should not withhold the letter writer's name until the signature. If you have any titles, include them here. For example, "Lord John Smith of Scotland sends greetings."
2-2. Address the envelope correctly.
How you address the envelope is also important. Addressing the envelope in an improper fashion can show disrespect. You have to use royal titles on the envelope as well. Do not simply write the name of the king. Write the title instead. For example, write "His Majesty the King" on the envelope.
2-3. Include the proper signature.
You want to add some formality when signing your name. A regular signature, where you would use a term like "sincerely," is not appropriate when addressing royalty.
For high ranking officials, like kings, queens, princes, princesses, and emperors, use something very formal before your signature. Usually, you would write something like, "I have the honor to remain Your Majesty's most humble and obedient servant."
For other forms of royalty, "Yours faithfully" is usually sufficient.
3. Behaving Appropriately
3-1. Follow rules regarding physical touch.
You do not want to offend a king or queen by touching them. You should always wait for royalty to touch you first.
Do not attempt a handshake until a person of royal ranking has reached out to you.
Avoid touching a person of royal ranking during conversation.
3-2. Opt for formal attire when meeting royalty.
Dress your best if you know you are meeting royalty. Formal wear can be seen as a gesture of respect.
Avoid things like sleeveless clothing or casual wear.
Dress your best. Bring out your fanciest clothing, and make sure any outfit you choose is clean and free of stains, rips, or holes.
3-3. Stay somewhat formal in your interactions.
You do not want to come off as too informal when meeting royalty. Avoid addressing people of royal ranking by their first name or nickname. You should also avoid laughing or making jokes. Always make eye contact when someone of royal ranking is speaking. You want to make sure you're giving royalty your full attention.
Warnings
Learn in advance the kind of protocol when interacting with someone in Royalty, and the particular culture that they come from. You do not want to end up offending royalty.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing Royalty in Person\\n1-1. Give a head bow or a curtsy.\\nWhen meeting a royal person, it's important you offer a bow or a curtsy. This is considered a formality, especially when meeting a member of the British royal family.\\nIf you're male, you should do a neck bow. This simply means bowing by nodding your head.\\nIf you're female, do a small curtsy. This means dipping your body downward slightly by bending your knees.\\n1-2. Choose the proper greeting for emperors, kings, and queens.\\nThese are among the highest ranking types of royalty, so be sure to address them properly. Emperors, kings, and queens should all be addressed differently.\\nWhen referring to an emperor, you would refer to him or her as \\\"His/Her Imperial Majesty, Emperor of (Name of Country)\\\"; when addressing one, replace \\\"His/Her\\\" with \\\"Your\\\".\\nWhen referring to a king, say, \\\"His Majesty, the King.\\\" When addressing a queen, say, \\\"Your Majesty, my Queen.\\\"\\n1-3. Call princes and princesses by the proper title.\\nAs these are generally the second highest ranking royals, be sure to address them properly. Princes and princesses must be addressed differently.\\nFor a prince, say, \\\"His Royal Highness, Prince of (Name of Country).\\\"\\nFor a princess, say, \\\"Her Royal Highness, Princess of (Name of Country).\\\"\\n1-4. Select the right term for dukes and duchesses.\\nThere are also formal titles required here. When meeting a duke or a duchess, a formal greeting is necessary.\\nFor a duke, say, \\\"His Grace, the Duke of (Name of Country).\\\"\\nFor a duchess, say, \\\"Her Grace, the Duchess of (Name of Country).\\\"\\n1-5. Make sure you know the proper titles for lower ranking royalty.\\nThere are various other forms of lower ranking royalty, such as barons, knights, marquees, earls, and countesses. There are proper titles for these people as well that must be used when you address them.\\nSome titles are simple. For example, a knight is simply addressed as \\\"Sir\\\" followed by his name, and a knight's wife is addressed as \\\"Lady,\\\" followed by her name. The same is true for baronets and their wives.\\nRoyal people that fall between knights and baronets and positions like king and queen are usually addressed as, \\\"The Right Honorable,\\\" followed by their name. A marquee, for examples, would be addressed as \\\"The Right Honorable.\\\"\\n2. Addressing a Letter to Royalty\\n2-1. Begin the letter with a proper salutation.\\nIf you're writing a letter to royalty, your salutation needs to be slightly more formal than a regular letter. Your salutation should have two lines.\\nOn the first line, begin with \\\"Unto\\\" and then include the appropriate title of address. For example, if you're writing to the King of England, your first line would read, \\\"Unto His Majesty, the King of England.\\\"\\nThe second line should state who you are. A letter to royalty should not withhold the letter writer's name until the signature. If you have any titles, include them here. For example, \\\"Lord John Smith of Scotland sends greetings.\\\"\\n2-2. Address the envelope correctly.\\nHow you address the envelope is also important. Addressing the envelope in an improper fashion can show disrespect. You have to use royal titles on the envelope as well. Do not simply write the name of the king. Write the title instead. For example, write \\\"His Majesty the King\\\" on the envelope.\\n2-3. Include the proper signature.\\nYou want to add some formality when signing your name. A regular signature, where you would use a term like \\\"sincerely,\\\" is not appropriate when addressing royalty.\\nFor high ranking officials, like kings, queens, princes, princesses, and emperors, use something very formal before your signature. Usually, you would write something like, \\\"I have the honor to remain Your Majesty's most humble and obedient servant.\\\"\\nFor other forms of royalty, \\\"Yours faithfully\\\" is usually sufficient.\\n3. Behaving Appropriately\\n3-1. Follow rules regarding physical touch.\\nYou do not want to offend a king or queen by touching them. You should always wait for royalty to touch you first.\\nDo not attempt a handshake until a person of royal ranking has reached out to you.\\nAvoid touching a person of royal ranking during conversation.\\n3-2. Opt for formal attire when meeting royalty.\\nDress your best if you know you are meeting royalty. Formal wear can be seen as a gesture of respect.\\nAvoid things like sleeveless clothing or casual wear.\\nDress your best. Bring out your fanciest clothing, and make sure any outfit you choose is clean and free of stains, rips, or holes.\\n3-3. Stay somewhat formal in your interactions.\\nYou do not want to come off as too informal when meeting royalty. Avoid addressing people of royal ranking by their first name or nickname. You should also avoid laughing or making jokes. Always make eye contact when someone of royal ranking is speaking. You want to make sure you're giving royalty your full attention.\\nWarnings\\nLearn in advance the kind of protocol when interacting with someone in Royalty, and the particular culture that they come from. You do not want to end up offending royalty.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're lucky enough to meet royalty, or if you're writing a letter to someone of royal ranking, you need to know how to correctly address royalty. You want to make sure you do not offend a member of a royal family. Make sure that you learn the proper title to use given the royal person's ranking. You should also make sure you follow rules for conduct when in the presence of royalty.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing Royalty in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Give a head bow or a curtsy.\", \"描述\": \"When meeting a royal person, it's important you offer a bow or a curtsy. This is considered a formality, especially when meeting a member of the British royal family.\\nIf you're male, you should do a neck bow. This simply means bowing by nodding your head.\\nIf you're female, do a small curtsy. This means dipping your body downward slightly by bending your knees.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose the proper greeting for emperors, kings, and queens.\", \"描述\": \"These are among the highest ranking types of royalty, so be sure to address them properly. Emperors, kings, and queens should all be addressed differently.\\nWhen referring to an emperor, you would refer to him or her as \\\"His/Her Imperial Majesty, Emperor of (Name of Country)\\\"; when addressing one, replace \\\"His/Her\\\" with \\\"Your\\\".\\nWhen referring to a king, say, \\\"His Majesty, the King.\\\" When addressing a queen, say, \\\"Your Majesty, my Queen.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Call princes and princesses by the proper title.\", \"描述\": \"As these are generally the second highest ranking royals, be sure to address them properly. Princes and princesses must be addressed differently.\\nFor a prince, say, \\\"His Royal Highness, Prince of (Name of Country).\\\"\\nFor a princess, say, \\\"Her Royal Highness, Princess of (Name of Country).\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Select the right term for dukes and duchesses.\", \"描述\": \"There are also formal titles required here. When meeting a duke or a duchess, a formal greeting is necessary.\\nFor a duke, say, \\\"His Grace, the Duke of (Name of Country).\\\"\\nFor a duchess, say, \\\"Her Grace, the Duchess of (Name of Country).\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make sure you know the proper titles for lower ranking royalty.\", \"描述\": \"There are various other forms of lower ranking royalty, such as barons, knights, marquees, earls, and countesses. There are proper titles for these people as well that must be used when you address them.\\nSome titles are simple. For example, a knight is simply addressed as \\\"Sir\\\" followed by his name, and a knight's wife is addressed as \\\"Lady,\\\" followed by her name. The same is true for baronets and their wives.\\nRoyal people that fall between knights and baronets and positions like king and queen are usually addressed as, \\\"The Right Honorable,\\\" followed by their name. A marquee, for examples, would be addressed as \\\"The Right Honorable.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Letter to Royalty\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Begin the letter with a proper salutation.\", \"描述\": \"If you're writing a letter to royalty, your salutation needs to be slightly more formal than a regular letter. Your salutation should have two lines.\\nOn the first line, begin with \\\"Unto\\\" and then include the appropriate title of address. For example, if you're writing to the King of England, your first line would read, \\\"Unto His Majesty, the King of England.\\\"\\nThe second line should state who you are. A letter to royalty should not withhold the letter writer's name until the signature. If you have any titles, include them here. For example, \\\"Lord John Smith of Scotland sends greetings.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope correctly.\", \"描述\": \"How you address the envelope is also important. Addressing the envelope in an improper fashion can show disrespect. You have to use royal titles on the envelope as well. Do not simply write the name of the king. Write the title instead. For example, write \\\"His Majesty the King\\\" on the envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include the proper signature.\", \"描述\": \"You want to add some formality when signing your name. A regular signature, where you would use a term like \\\"sincerely,\\\" is not appropriate when addressing royalty.\\nFor high ranking officials, like kings, queens, princes, princesses, and emperors, use something very formal before your signature. Usually, you would write something like, \\\"I have the honor to remain Your Majesty's most humble and obedient servant.\\\"\\nFor other forms of royalty, \\\"Yours faithfully\\\" is usually sufficient.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Behaving Appropriately\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow rules regarding physical touch.\", \"描述\": \"You do not want to offend a king or queen by touching them. You should always wait for royalty to touch you first.\\nDo not attempt a handshake until a person of royal ranking has reached out to you.\\nAvoid touching a person of royal ranking during conversation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Opt for formal attire when meeting royalty.\", \"描述\": \"Dress your best if you know you are meeting royalty. Formal wear can be seen as a gesture of respect.\\nAvoid things like sleeveless clothing or casual wear.\\nDress your best. Bring out your fanciest clothing, and make sure any outfit you choose is clean and free of stains, rips, or holes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stay somewhat formal in your interactions.\", \"描述\": \"You do not want to come off as too informal when meeting royalty. Avoid addressing people of royal ranking by their first name or nickname. You should also avoid laughing or making jokes. Always make eye contact when someone of royal ranking is speaking. You want to make sure you're giving royalty your full attention.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Learn in advance the kind of protocol when interacting with someone in Royalty, and the particular culture that they come from. You do not want to end up offending royalty.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,239 | How to Properly Address & Greet Two People in an Email | 1. How do you greet two people in an email?
Include both names after your opening greeting.
If you’re starting a formal email, use a simple greeting like “Hello,” “Dear,” or “Good afternoon” before writing out the recipients’ names. Use their full first name if you know them, or refer to them by their title and last name if you’re reaching out to people you don’t know. For a more casual greeting, try using “Hey” or “Hi” instead.
Example: Hello Mr. Smith and Mrs. Jones
Example: Good afternoon Martin and Dana
Example: Hey Demi and Selena
2. How do you address a group of people in an email?
Use a collective term like “everyone” or “team” after your greeting.
Rather than listing everyone’s name in the email, save some space and time by greeting the whole group. You could say something like:
Hello everyone
Good afternoon team
Attention everybody
3. Addressing an Email to Multiple Recipients
3-1. List both names in the “To” field of a formal email.
If you need direct action from both of the people you’re emailing, then include both of their email addresses separated by a comma. That way, both of the recipients will know that the email is important information they need to read.
3-2. Use the “Cc” field to casually loop another person into an email.
Include the main recipient of the email in the “To” field. If you need to see the info you’re sending but don’t need direct action from them, then list their email address in the “Cc” section. Both people and email addresses will still be visible at the top of your email.
3-3. Put email addresses in the “Bcc” field to hide them from recipients.
If someone doesn’t want their email address shared with the other person, then add it to the “Bcc” list. When the email gets sent out, only the recipients in the “To” and “Cc” field will have their email addresses visible.
This works great if you’re sending an email to 2 people who don’t know each other or if you’re emailing a large group of people.
4. Email Etiquette
4-1. Have a call to action in the subject line.
Give a clear and concise subject line so the recipients know exactly what to expect when they open your email. Try to include the exact thing you need them to do and consider mentioning how long it will take to complete. You can even mention what is expected of the recipients right in the subject.
Example: 5 minutes - survey feedback needed
Example: Approval Required from Jules and Jackie
4-2. Get straight to the point in the body paragraphs.
Jump right into the main focus of your email so the recipients don’t have to scroll through to find the important information. If you need each person to do specific tasks, clearly state what you need from them so there isn’t any confusion on who’s getting the work done.
Example: We need to prepare the presentation for tomorrow. John, could you please make the slideshow for us? Julie, can you please pull all the data from our spreadsheets?
4-3. Maintain a professional tone.
If you’re sending a professional email, avoid using slang or emojis so you don’t sound too casual. Stick to the main topic that you need to discuss without any jokes or sarcasm that could get lost in translation.
Limit your use of exclamation points since it could come across like you’re shouting.
If you have trouble detecting the tone in your email, try reading it out loud to determine how it sounds. Alternatively, have a friend read it out loud to you to see how they interpret your tone.
4-4. End your email with a simple closing.
When you’re finished with the main body of your email, wrap it up with a few kind words. After your closing, include your full name just like you’re ending a letter. To write formal business emails, use an email signature with your full name, title, company name, and your contact information. Some closings you could use include
Thank you
Best regards
Sincerely
4-5. Proofread your message before sending it.
Take a little time before you hit send to read through your message and make sure everything is spelled properly. Check that the information you want to convey comes across clearly and rewrite anything that sounds confusing. When you’re sure everything looks correct, then send the email out.
If you’re putting attachments on your email, ensure that they’re named properly and that you’ve selected the right files.
Tips
If you need a really urgent answer, reach out to the people in person or over the phone so you can get immediate responses.[11]
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Trustworthy Source
University of North Carolina Writing Center
UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process
Go to source
Warnings
Avoid TYPING LIKE THIS since it can come across like you’re yelling and it sounds unprofessional.[12]
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Research source
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. How do you greet two people in an email?\\nInclude both names after your opening greeting.\\nIf you’re starting a formal email, use a simple greeting like “Hello,” “Dear,” or “Good afternoon” before writing out the recipients’ names. Use their full first name if you know them, or refer to them by their title and last name if you’re reaching out to people you don’t know. For a more casual greeting, try using “Hey” or “Hi” instead.\\n\\nExample: Hello Mr. Smith and Mrs. Jones\\nExample: Good afternoon Martin and Dana\\nExample: Hey Demi and Selena\\n2. How do you address a group of people in an email?\\nUse a collective term like “everyone” or “team” after your greeting.\\nRather than listing everyone’s name in the email, save some space and time by greeting the whole group. You could say something like:\\nHello everyone\\nGood afternoon team\\nAttention everybody\\n3. Addressing an Email to Multiple Recipients\\n3-1. List both names in the “To” field of a formal email.\\nIf you need direct action from both of the people you’re emailing, then include both of their email addresses separated by a comma. That way, both of the recipients will know that the email is important information they need to read.\\n3-2. Use the “Cc” field to casually loop another person into an email.\\nInclude the main recipient of the email in the “To” field. If you need to see the info you’re sending but don’t need direct action from them, then list their email address in the “Cc” section. Both people and email addresses will still be visible at the top of your email.\\n3-3. Put email addresses in the “Bcc” field to hide them from recipients.\\nIf someone doesn’t want their email address shared with the other person, then add it to the “Bcc” list. When the email gets sent out, only the recipients in the “To” and “Cc” field will have their email addresses visible.\\nThis works great if you’re sending an email to 2 people who don’t know each other or if you’re emailing a large group of people.\\n4. Email Etiquette\\n4-1. Have a call to action in the subject line.\\nGive a clear and concise subject line so the recipients know exactly what to expect when they open your email. Try to include the exact thing you need them to do and consider mentioning how long it will take to complete. You can even mention what is expected of the recipients right in the subject.\\n\\nExample: 5 minutes - survey feedback needed\\nExample: Approval Required from Jules and Jackie\\n4-2. Get straight to the point in the body paragraphs.\\nJump right into the main focus of your email so the recipients don’t have to scroll through to find the important information. If you need each person to do specific tasks, clearly state what you need from them so there isn’t any confusion on who’s getting the work done.\\nExample: We need to prepare the presentation for tomorrow. John, could you please make the slideshow for us? Julie, can you please pull all the data from our spreadsheets?\\n4-3. Maintain a professional tone.\\nIf you’re sending a professional email, avoid using slang or emojis so you don’t sound too casual. Stick to the main topic that you need to discuss without any jokes or sarcasm that could get lost in translation.\\nLimit your use of exclamation points since it could come across like you’re shouting.\\nIf you have trouble detecting the tone in your email, try reading it out loud to determine how it sounds. Alternatively, have a friend read it out loud to you to see how they interpret your tone.\\n4-4. End your email with a simple closing.\\nWhen you’re finished with the main body of your email, wrap it up with a few kind words. After your closing, include your full name just like you’re ending a letter. To write formal business emails, use an email signature with your full name, title, company name, and your contact information. Some closings you could use include\\nThank you\\nBest regards\\nSincerely\\n4-5. Proofread your message before sending it.\\nTake a little time before you hit send to read through your message and make sure everything is spelled properly. Check that the information you want to convey comes across clearly and rewrite anything that sounds confusing. When you’re sure everything looks correct, then send the email out.\\nIf you’re putting attachments on your email, ensure that they’re named properly and that you’ve selected the right files.\\nTips\\nIf you need a really urgent answer, reach out to the people in person or over the phone so you can get immediate responses.[11]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUniversity of North Carolina Writing Center\\nUNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process\\nGo to source\\nWarnings\\nAvoid TYPING LIKE THIS since it can come across like you’re yelling and it sounds unprofessional.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Do you need to reach out to 2 people but only want to use 1 email to do it? No matter what you need to share, it’s so easy to address your email to both people and clearly convey information. Whether you’re sending a professional email to colleagues or a casual one between friends, we’ve got everything you need to know. Keep reading, and we’ll walk you through how to greet both people as well as some simple email etiquette.This article is based on an interview with our professional etiquette coach, Tami Claytor, owner of Always Appropriate Image and Etiquette Consulting. Check out the full interview here.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"How do you greet two people in an email?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Include both names after your opening greeting.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re starting a formal email, use a simple greeting like “Hello,” “Dear,” or “Good afternoon” before writing out the recipients’ names. Use their full first name if you know them, or refer to them by their title and last name if you’re reaching out to people you don’t know. For a more casual greeting, try using “Hey” or “Hi” instead.\\n\\nExample: Hello Mr. Smith and Mrs. Jones\\nExample: Good afternoon Martin and Dana\\nExample: Hey Demi and Selena\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"How do you address a group of people in an email?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a collective term like “everyone” or “team” after your greeting.\", \"描述\": \"Rather than listing everyone’s name in the email, save some space and time by greeting the whole group. You could say something like:\\nHello everyone\\nGood afternoon team\\nAttention everybody\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing an Email to Multiple Recipients\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"List both names in the “To” field of a formal email.\", \"描述\": \"If you need direct action from both of the people you’re emailing, then include both of their email addresses separated by a comma. That way, both of the recipients will know that the email is important information they need to read.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the “Cc” field to casually loop another person into an email.\", \"描述\": \"Include the main recipient of the email in the “To” field. If you need to see the info you’re sending but don’t need direct action from them, then list their email address in the “Cc” section. Both people and email addresses will still be visible at the top of your email.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put email addresses in the “Bcc” field to hide them from recipients.\", \"描述\": \"If someone doesn’t want their email address shared with the other person, then add it to the “Bcc” list. When the email gets sent out, only the recipients in the “To” and “Cc” field will have their email addresses visible.\\nThis works great if you’re sending an email to 2 people who don’t know each other or if you’re emailing a large group of people.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Email Etiquette\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have a call to action in the subject line.\", \"描述\": \"Give a clear and concise subject line so the recipients know exactly what to expect when they open your email. Try to include the exact thing you need them to do and consider mentioning how long it will take to complete. You can even mention what is expected of the recipients right in the subject.\\n\\nExample: 5 minutes - survey feedback needed\\nExample: Approval Required from Jules and Jackie\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get straight to the point in the body paragraphs.\", \"描述\": \"Jump right into the main focus of your email so the recipients don’t have to scroll through to find the important information. If you need each person to do specific tasks, clearly state what you need from them so there isn’t any confusion on who’s getting the work done.\\nExample: We need to prepare the presentation for tomorrow. John, could you please make the slideshow for us? Julie, can you please pull all the data from our spreadsheets?\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintain a professional tone.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re sending a professional email, avoid using slang or emojis so you don’t sound too casual. Stick to the main topic that you need to discuss without any jokes or sarcasm that could get lost in translation.\\nLimit your use of exclamation points since it could come across like you’re shouting.\\nIf you have trouble detecting the tone in your email, try reading it out loud to determine how it sounds. Alternatively, have a friend read it out loud to you to see how they interpret your tone.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"End your email with a simple closing.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re finished with the main body of your email, wrap it up with a few kind words. After your closing, include your full name just like you’re ending a letter. To write formal business emails, use an email signature with your full name, title, company name, and your contact information. Some closings you could use include\\nThank you\\nBest regards\\nSincerely\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Proofread your message before sending it.\", \"描述\": \"Take a little time before you hit send to read through your message and make sure everything is spelled properly. Check that the information you want to convey comes across clearly and rewrite anything that sounds confusing. When you’re sure everything looks correct, then send the email out.\\nIf you’re putting attachments on your email, ensure that they’re named properly and that you’ve selected the right files.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you need a really urgent answer, reach out to the people in person or over the phone so you can get immediate responses.[11]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUniversity of North Carolina Writing Center\\nUNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process\\nGo to source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Avoid TYPING LIKE THIS since it can come across like you’re yelling and it sounds unprofessional.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
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1,240 | How to Address Veterans | 1. Writing a Letter
1-1. Include full rank, name, and the branch they served in for official letters.
These are uniform rules for addressing a letter across all military branches. If the person is retired (rather than released from active duty or honorably discharged), you can also add the word “Retired” to the end of the address.
For example, you would write “Sergeant Major Jane Doe, USMC, Retired” to address someone who retired from the U.S. Marine Corps.
An official letter would specifically reference the veteran’s service, like if you are asking them to participate in an event as a representative of the armed services.
1-2. Omit the military branch and the word “Retired” for a social letter.
For example, if you’re sending a holiday card to a neighbor or a wedding invitation, you can use the more familiar address that includes rank and name. These are social events, rather than formal, because they aren’t specifically related to the veteran’s service history.
The address for a social letter would read “Captain John Doe.”
Including the military rank will show that you are giving them proper respect. In addition, this is a great way to learn a little more about what that veteran did in the armed services.
1-3. Include your name and return address on the envelope.
Or, if you are writing on behalf of another organization, include those details. This way the veteran will know the mail isn’t junk and will be more likely to read it.
If you are writing by hand, try to write legibly.
1-4. Address a veteran like you would any other person for casual letters.
An informal letter, like one you would send to a friend or family member, doesn’t need to include the same formalities as a formal letter or invitation does. These letters are much more familiar, and it’s okay to just use the veteran’s name.
If you are writing an informal letter to a veteran, chances are you know them. If you think they would be pleased to see their rank included on the letter, then include it! It can be a nice gesture to show you remember their service.
2. Addressing a Veteran in Person
2-1. Thank them for their service.
It’s a general rule of life: Saying “thank you” goes a long way. It’s polite to include a “Sir” or a “Ma’am” when addressing a veteran. Take the time to stop, make eye contact, and genuinely express your gratitude.
If the person you’re talking to is interested in starting a conversation, ask about what branch they served in, where they went, and give them an opportunity to tell their stories. Don’t ask disrespectful questions, like “Have you ever killed anyone?”
2-2. Focus on the veteran by not talking about yourself too much.
Focus on them and their experiences. If they ask questions about your life, of course you can answer. But in general, veterans sometimes feel like they are not seen and heard in society, and you can show respect by giving them your full attention.
If the veteran you are talking to doesn’t seem like they want to continue the conversation, it’s okay to simply say, “Thank you for your service,” and move on.
2-3. Ask questions about their time in the service.
Be sincere, caring, and compassionate. If you are attending an event hosted by veterans or in support of veterans, take the time to meet a few people and find out more about what they did for your country.
Ask about where they served, why they joined the military, what branch they served in, and if they have any stories they could share.
Tips
If you don’t know a veteran’s former military rank, it is okay to ask! They won’t be offended you didn’t know, and you might even start a conversation and get to learn more about them and their service.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Writing a Letter\\n1-1. Include full rank, name, and the branch they served in for official letters.\\nThese are uniform rules for addressing a letter across all military branches. If the person is retired (rather than released from active duty or honorably discharged), you can also add the word “Retired” to the end of the address.\\nFor example, you would write “Sergeant Major Jane Doe, USMC, Retired” to address someone who retired from the U.S. Marine Corps.\\nAn official letter would specifically reference the veteran’s service, like if you are asking them to participate in an event as a representative of the armed services.\\n1-2. Omit the military branch and the word “Retired” for a social letter.\\nFor example, if you’re sending a holiday card to a neighbor or a wedding invitation, you can use the more familiar address that includes rank and name. These are social events, rather than formal, because they aren’t specifically related to the veteran’s service history.\\nThe address for a social letter would read “Captain John Doe.”\\nIncluding the military rank will show that you are giving them proper respect. In addition, this is a great way to learn a little more about what that veteran did in the armed services.\\n1-3. Include your name and return address on the envelope.\\nOr, if you are writing on behalf of another organization, include those details. This way the veteran will know the mail isn’t junk and will be more likely to read it.\\nIf you are writing by hand, try to write legibly.\\n1-4. Address a veteran like you would any other person for casual letters.\\nAn informal letter, like one you would send to a friend or family member, doesn’t need to include the same formalities as a formal letter or invitation does. These letters are much more familiar, and it’s okay to just use the veteran’s name.\\nIf you are writing an informal letter to a veteran, chances are you know them. If you think they would be pleased to see their rank included on the letter, then include it! It can be a nice gesture to show you remember their service.\\n2. Addressing a Veteran in Person\\n2-1. Thank them for their service.\\nIt’s a general rule of life: Saying “thank you” goes a long way. It’s polite to include a “Sir” or a “Ma’am” when addressing a veteran. Take the time to stop, make eye contact, and genuinely express your gratitude.\\nIf the person you’re talking to is interested in starting a conversation, ask about what branch they served in, where they went, and give them an opportunity to tell their stories. Don’t ask disrespectful questions, like “Have you ever killed anyone?”\\n2-2. Focus on the veteran by not talking about yourself too much.\\nFocus on them and their experiences. If they ask questions about your life, of course you can answer. But in general, veterans sometimes feel like they are not seen and heard in society, and you can show respect by giving them your full attention.\\nIf the veteran you are talking to doesn’t seem like they want to continue the conversation, it’s okay to simply say, “Thank you for your service,” and move on.\\n2-3. Ask questions about their time in the service.\\nBe sincere, caring, and compassionate. If you are attending an event hosted by veterans or in support of veterans, take the time to meet a few people and find out more about what they did for your country.\\nAsk about where they served, why they joined the military, what branch they served in, and if they have any stories they could share.\\nTips\\nIf you don’t know a veteran’s former military rank, it is okay to ask! They won’t be offended you didn’t know, and you might even start a conversation and get to learn more about them and their service.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A veteran is a person who served in the active military, naval, or air service and who was discharged or released from service (in a way other than a dishonorable discharge). It’s important to show the proper respect when addressing a veteran, but it can be tricky in some situations to know exactly how to do that. Whether you’re at an event to honor veterans or addressing letters for a nonprofit campaign, being polite and taking the time to learn their service history will go a long way towards showing respect.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing a Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Include full rank, name, and the branch they served in for official letters.\", \"描述\": \"These are uniform rules for addressing a letter across all military branches. If the person is retired (rather than released from active duty or honorably discharged), you can also add the word “Retired” to the end of the address.\\nFor example, you would write “Sergeant Major Jane Doe, USMC, Retired” to address someone who retired from the U.S. Marine Corps.\\nAn official letter would specifically reference the veteran’s service, like if you are asking them to participate in an event as a representative of the armed services.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Omit the military branch and the word “Retired” for a social letter.\", \"描述\": \"For example, if you’re sending a holiday card to a neighbor or a wedding invitation, you can use the more familiar address that includes rank and name. These are social events, rather than formal, because they aren’t specifically related to the veteran’s service history.\\nThe address for a social letter would read “Captain John Doe.”\\nIncluding the military rank will show that you are giving them proper respect. In addition, this is a great way to learn a little more about what that veteran did in the armed services.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include your name and return address on the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Or, if you are writing on behalf of another organization, include those details. This way the veteran will know the mail isn’t junk and will be more likely to read it.\\nIf you are writing by hand, try to write legibly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address a veteran like you would any other person for casual letters.\", \"描述\": \"An informal letter, like one you would send to a friend or family member, doesn’t need to include the same formalities as a formal letter or invitation does. These letters are much more familiar, and it’s okay to just use the veteran’s name.\\nIf you are writing an informal letter to a veteran, chances are you know them. If you think they would be pleased to see their rank included on the letter, then include it! It can be a nice gesture to show you remember their service.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Veteran in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Thank them for their service.\", \"描述\": \"It’s a general rule of life: Saying “thank you” goes a long way. It’s polite to include a “Sir” or a “Ma’am” when addressing a veteran. Take the time to stop, make eye contact, and genuinely express your gratitude.\\nIf the person you’re talking to is interested in starting a conversation, ask about what branch they served in, where they went, and give them an opportunity to tell their stories. Don’t ask disrespectful questions, like “Have you ever killed anyone?”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus on the veteran by not talking about yourself too much.\", \"描述\": \"Focus on them and their experiences. If they ask questions about your life, of course you can answer. But in general, veterans sometimes feel like they are not seen and heard in society, and you can show respect by giving them your full attention.\\nIf the veteran you are talking to doesn’t seem like they want to continue the conversation, it’s okay to simply say, “Thank you for your service,” and move on.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask questions about their time in the service.\", \"描述\": \"Be sincere, caring, and compassionate. If you are attending an event hosted by veterans or in support of veterans, take the time to meet a few people and find out more about what they did for your country.\\nAsk about where they served, why they joined the military, what branch they served in, and if they have any stories they could share.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you don’t know a veteran’s former military rank, it is okay to ask! They won’t be offended you didn’t know, and you might even start a conversation and get to learn more about them and their service.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,241 | How to Address Wedding Invitations | 1. Organizing a Guest List
1-1. Write out the names and addresses of all your guests.
Before you put pen to expensive but pretty paper, do a headcount. Take the time to check over this information so you don’t make any spelling errors that might bother you when you’ve got plenty of other planning to worry about.
As you go along, you’ll be able to figure out who gets invited together and who gets invited separately.
1-2. Invite families and couples together.
Any couple, married and unmarried, can be placed on the same envelope, as long as you wish to invite both of them. If you try to get out of inviting your friend’s new partner you’re iffy about, you might have an awkward moment on your hands. Children under 18 can also be addressed on the same invitation as their parents.
For children over 18, it’s usually best to send a separate invitation. If they live with their parents, you can get away with including them all on the same invitation.
Similarly, siblings or other people living together but not in a relationship can be invited together. However, you might find separate invitations to be a more thoughtful gesture. This is up to you.
1-3. Invite single guests separately.
Individual invitations are for your guests that aren’t covered on any other invitations. These are for people neither in a relationship nor living together with another guest. You may also choose to invite one person in a couple or household, but be prepared for any drama that might arise from those who feel left out. Single invitees can also be given a guest option to make up for this.
The guest option is used to invite someone you don’t know well, such as the new partner your friend is seeing.
1-4. Assign appropriate titles to your guests.
Noting a guest's professional titles, such as for doctors, military officials, and judges, is a respectful, classy touch. When these aren’t relevant, you’ll need to address people by Mr. and Mrs. Mr. is used for any males age 18 or older. Mrs. is used for married women or divorced and widowed women. Miss is used for single women and girls under 18. It’s a little complicated, so taking care of this before you start writing can be a great relief.
Ms. is a catch-all address. It works well for unmarried women over 30 and anytime you’re unsure about what title to use.
For medical doctors, you must spell out the word doctor. Other doctors get the abbreviation “Dr.,” which replaces Mr. and other prefixes.
Refer to judges like “The Honorable Renley Baratheon” and military personnel like “Lieutenant Loras Tyrell, US Army.”
2. Naming Guests on the Outer Envelope
2-1. Write out whole names on the center of the envelope.
That’s right, the recipient name features prominently on the envelope’s front. Let the guest feel special. You’re choosing them to attend an important even in your life, after all. Leave space below for coupled guests with different last names as well as the sending address.
2-2. Spell out full words as often as possible.
Guest names are a given, since the only abbreviations you’ll use are ones such as Mr., Mrs., Jr., and Dr. Other words such as “and” are also typically spelled out for the sake of formality. It’ll also give you a wicked hand cramp. As long as you’re consistent, you can get away with shortening and to “&.” No one’s going to call you out on it.
2-3. Include a guest option for plus ones.
An ordinary address to your dear but unmarried friend is “Miss Clara Oswald.” If you intend on only inviting her, you can leave it at that. Most people bring guests, and you need to show that this is welcome. Write, “Miss Clara Oswald and guest.” The word “guest” is always lowercase. At least you won’t be surprised when Miss Oswald turns up at your wedding with a plus one.
The word “guest” is only used when you don’t know the guest’s name. If you do know the name, write the name out under the first one. For example, write “Miss Clara Oswald” then “Dr. John Who” under it.
You could choose to leave the “and guest” for the inner envelope. Leaving it out can make the outer envelope feel more personal.
2-4. Address married couples
These are the easiest ones to figure out, as long as no one has a special title like Dr. Those married friends and parents you know are represented as a union like their wedding oath proclaims. The proper address is “Mr. and Mrs. Harry Potter” or “Mr. Harry and Mrs. Ginny Potter.” You’ll probably be wishing you knew more married couples.
The person whose last name is used on the invitation goes first unless their partner has a professional title, such as Dr. or a military ranking.
The same rules apply to married same-sex couples that share a last name. If they don't share a last name, write the full names on separate lines.
2-5. Write out the full names for couples that don’t share a last name.
Some people don’t assume their partner’s last name. Invalidating that choice or their marriage would be an unpleasant start to your wedding, so take the time to write out both names. The person you are closest to goes first. For example, you’re best friends with Rachel, so you write “Mrs. Rachel Green and Mr. Ross Geller.”
When you are equally close to each person, list the names in alphabetical order.
2-6. Separate unmarried couples onto different lines.
It doesn’t matter if they live together or not. Standard etiquette is to keep the names separate to differentiate them. These stiff old standards have relaxed over time, so you may be able to join the names with the word “and” like you would for married couples. To play it safe, separate the names, order them alphabetically by last name, and write the names out in full.
For example, write “Mr. Joffrey Baratheon.” Under it, write “Miss Sansa Stark.”
2-7. Order names by professional title rankings.
Ranking tops gender, so if your best lady friend is an army colonel, judge, or rocket scientist, you better give her respect. Standard notation for rankings is “Dr. John and Mrs. Who.” If Mrs. Who is the doctor, flip the names. If they’re both doctors, you can write “Drs. John and Clara Who.” The abbreviation for Dr. only needs to be written out in full for medical doctors.
Remember to follow the other rules, such as denoting couples with different last names. Change it to “Dr. John Who and Dr. Clara Oswald.”
2-8. Send children over 18 a separate invitation.
At age 18, children are considered legal adults, at least in the US. It gets tricky when the friend you want to invite is living with their parents. You are free to include them on their parents’ invitation, if you are sending one. You might as well send a separate invitation to avoid the confusion.
When there are multiple children over 18 living together, list them by seniority. For example, write “Mr. Bill Weasley.” Under it, write “Mr. Charlie Weasley.”
Good news! You don’t need to list children under 18 on the outer envelope. You may do it by writing “Sansa and Arya” under “Mr. and Mrs. Ned Stark,” but ask yourself if it’s worth the effort.
2-9. Simplify family invitations to a last name.
Writing out the full family name is perfectly acceptable and thoughtful. Normally, you’d address the invitation to the parents. Fortunately, there’s a modern way to be inclusive while saving yourself time. Write out the invitation as “The Brady Family.” This implies the invitation is for the entire family, keeping your work short and sweet.
3. Filling out Address Information
3-1. Write addresses below the outer envelope's guest names.
The address goes right under the guest name, so hopefully you've left enough space. The outer envelope is what the mail carrier sees, so the address as to be there. Write clearly and legibly so that the postal service gets the invitations to your guests on time.
Take the time to refer to your guest list for accurate shipping information. You'll have some explaining to do if grandma's invitation gets lost in the mail.
3-2. Avoid using abbreviations.
Unfortunately, you can’t save yourself some time here. You have to painstakingly write out the words you’re used to abbreviating. Avenue, for example, should not be AVE on your envelope. State and country abbreviations also look tacky, so go ahead and learn how to spell Mississippi before trying to invite your long-lost uncle.
In cases of couples not living together, the address used should belong to the person you know best.
3-3. Place your return address in the upper left corner.
Your hand is cramped, but persevere for the good of your wedding day. Lost envelopes won’t make their way back to you without a return address. The upper left corner is the standard spot for your full and unabbreviated address. To avoid cramping the front side, you may write it on the back flap. The stamp can go back there too to give your handwriting space to shine.
Printed address labels, while not as appealing as handwriting, are an option. It’ll give you more time to spend on the important decisions, such as what kind of frosting to use on your cake (like chocolate or more chocolate).
If an invitation is returned to you unopened, it most likely means you have the wrong address.
4. Addressing the Invitation and Response Cards
4-1. Mention close friends by first name only.
Referencing first names is a sign of intimacy and should only be done with people you know well. It’s tempting to do it with everyone, since it saves you a lot of writing, but that would be uncomfortable for your boss, teacher, or uncle you never met. Reserve it for good friends and other people you’re on a first name basis with.
For example, write out “Harry and Ginny.”
Families can be listed easily like this. You can write, “Ned, Catelyn, Robb, Miss Sansa, Miss Arya, Bran, and Rickon.”
Initials are never a valid substitution for a name, but suffixes like Jr. and Sr. are always appropriate.
4-2. Address most people by their last names.
The bad news is that you’ll have to do more writing, unless you hired someone to do it for you. The good news is that you get to be slightly less formal. Instead of writing first and last names, the inner envelope only contains the last name behind the salutation. Don’t forget special honors such as Dr.
For example, write “Mr. Potter and guest” or “Mr. and Mrs. Potter,” depending on the relationship.
4-3. List unmarried names separately.
Everyone who isn’t married gets the honor of having their own line. Hey, it doesn’t have to be a bad thing. Doing this gives both names equal weight. Order the names again by familiarity, or, for equal familiarity, by alphabetical order.
For example, write out “Miss Granger.” Under it, write “Mr. Potter.”
4-4. List each person invited to the wedding.
This is an important step when you intend on inviting whole households. The inner envelope is the point where you have to list every name, including children under 18. If your family received an invitation that listed your parents but left you out, you’d be confused. You weren’t verbally invited, and it would be awkward if you showed up unwelcome.
Note the adult names first, such as “Mr. and Mrs. Ned Stark.” Under that, list the children by seniority. For instance, write “Robb, Miss Sansa, Miss Arya, Bran, and Rickon."
Girls under 18 are denoted as “Miss.” Boys under 18 don’t get a title. How unfair!
4-5. Address the return envelopes.
These are the envelopes your guests need to return their responses. Giving people zero excuse for not RSVPing will at least save some of your hair when you start pulling it out over planning this big event. Write your name, house number, street, town, state, and zip code in the center of the envelope.
To save a whole lot of time, get pre-printed envelopes. You’ve written enough names and addresses for one day.
Tips
While hand-delivering invitations is a romantic touch, it’s usually requires a lot of effort and can’t be done for people who live far away.
Try using foil stickers or custom stamps to seal the outer envelope.
The inner envelope should stay unsealed. The guests need to use it!
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Organizing a Guest List\\n1-1. Write out the names and addresses of all your guests.\\nBefore you put pen to expensive but pretty paper, do a headcount. Take the time to check over this information so you don’t make any spelling errors that might bother you when you’ve got plenty of other planning to worry about.\\nAs you go along, you’ll be able to figure out who gets invited together and who gets invited separately.\\n1-2. Invite families and couples together.\\nAny couple, married and unmarried, can be placed on the same envelope, as long as you wish to invite both of them. If you try to get out of inviting your friend’s new partner you’re iffy about, you might have an awkward moment on your hands. Children under 18 can also be addressed on the same invitation as their parents.\\nFor children over 18, it’s usually best to send a separate invitation. If they live with their parents, you can get away with including them all on the same invitation.\\nSimilarly, siblings or other people living together but not in a relationship can be invited together. However, you might find separate invitations to be a more thoughtful gesture. This is up to you.\\n1-3. Invite single guests separately.\\nIndividual invitations are for your guests that aren’t covered on any other invitations. These are for people neither in a relationship nor living together with another guest. You may also choose to invite one person in a couple or household, but be prepared for any drama that might arise from those who feel left out. Single invitees can also be given a guest option to make up for this.\\nThe guest option is used to invite someone you don’t know well, such as the new partner your friend is seeing.\\n1-4. Assign appropriate titles to your guests.\\nNoting a guest's professional titles, such as for doctors, military officials, and judges, is a respectful, classy touch. When these aren’t relevant, you’ll need to address people by Mr. and Mrs. Mr. is used for any males age 18 or older. Mrs. is used for married women or divorced and widowed women. Miss is used for single women and girls under 18. It’s a little complicated, so taking care of this before you start writing can be a great relief.\\nMs. is a catch-all address. It works well for unmarried women over 30 and anytime you’re unsure about what title to use.\\nFor medical doctors, you must spell out the word doctor. Other doctors get the abbreviation “Dr.,” which replaces Mr. and other prefixes.\\nRefer to judges like “The Honorable Renley Baratheon” and military personnel like “Lieutenant Loras Tyrell, US Army.”\\n2. Naming Guests on the Outer Envelope\\n2-1. Write out whole names on the center of the envelope.\\nThat’s right, the recipient name features prominently on the envelope’s front. Let the guest feel special. You’re choosing them to attend an important even in your life, after all. Leave space below for coupled guests with different last names as well as the sending address.\\n2-2. Spell out full words as often as possible.\\nGuest names are a given, since the only abbreviations you’ll use are ones such as Mr., Mrs., Jr., and Dr. Other words such as “and” are also typically spelled out for the sake of formality. It’ll also give you a wicked hand cramp. As long as you’re consistent, you can get away with shortening and to “&.” No one’s going to call you out on it.\\n2-3. Include a guest option for plus ones.\\nAn ordinary address to your dear but unmarried friend is “Miss Clara Oswald.” If you intend on only inviting her, you can leave it at that. Most people bring guests, and you need to show that this is welcome. Write, “Miss Clara Oswald and guest.” The word “guest” is always lowercase. At least you won’t be surprised when Miss Oswald turns up at your wedding with a plus one.\\nThe word “guest” is only used when you don’t know the guest’s name. If you do know the name, write the name out under the first one. For example, write “Miss Clara Oswald” then “Dr. John Who” under it.\\nYou could choose to leave the “and guest” for the inner envelope. Leaving it out can make the outer envelope feel more personal.\\n2-4. Address married couples\\nThese are the easiest ones to figure out, as long as no one has a special title like Dr. Those married friends and parents you know are represented as a union like their wedding oath proclaims. The proper address is “Mr. and Mrs. Harry Potter” or “Mr. Harry and Mrs. Ginny Potter.” You’ll probably be wishing you knew more married couples.\\nThe person whose last name is used on the invitation goes first unless their partner has a professional title, such as Dr. or a military ranking.\\nThe same rules apply to married same-sex couples that share a last name. If they don't share a last name, write the full names on separate lines.\\n2-5. Write out the full names for couples that don’t share a last name.\\nSome people don’t assume their partner’s last name. Invalidating that choice or their marriage would be an unpleasant start to your wedding, so take the time to write out both names. The person you are closest to goes first. For example, you’re best friends with Rachel, so you write “Mrs. Rachel Green and Mr. Ross Geller.”\\nWhen you are equally close to each person, list the names in alphabetical order.\\n2-6. Separate unmarried couples onto different lines.\\nIt doesn’t matter if they live together or not. Standard etiquette is to keep the names separate to differentiate them. These stiff old standards have relaxed over time, so you may be able to join the names with the word “and” like you would for married couples. To play it safe, separate the names, order them alphabetically by last name, and write the names out in full.\\nFor example, write “Mr. Joffrey Baratheon.” Under it, write “Miss Sansa Stark.”\\n2-7. Order names by professional title rankings.\\nRanking tops gender, so if your best lady friend is an army colonel, judge, or rocket scientist, you better give her respect. Standard notation for rankings is “Dr. John and Mrs. Who.” If Mrs. Who is the doctor, flip the names. If they’re both doctors, you can write “Drs. John and Clara Who.” The abbreviation for Dr. only needs to be written out in full for medical doctors.\\nRemember to follow the other rules, such as denoting couples with different last names. Change it to “Dr. John Who and Dr. Clara Oswald.”\\n2-8. Send children over 18 a separate invitation.\\nAt age 18, children are considered legal adults, at least in the US. It gets tricky when the friend you want to invite is living with their parents. You are free to include them on their parents’ invitation, if you are sending one. You might as well send a separate invitation to avoid the confusion.\\nWhen there are multiple children over 18 living together, list them by seniority. For example, write “Mr. Bill Weasley.” Under it, write “Mr. Charlie Weasley.”\\nGood news! You don’t need to list children under 18 on the outer envelope. You may do it by writing “Sansa and Arya” under “Mr. and Mrs. Ned Stark,” but ask yourself if it’s worth the effort.\\n2-9. Simplify family invitations to a last name.\\nWriting out the full family name is perfectly acceptable and thoughtful. Normally, you’d address the invitation to the parents. Fortunately, there’s a modern way to be inclusive while saving yourself time. Write out the invitation as “The Brady Family.” This implies the invitation is for the entire family, keeping your work short and sweet.\\n3. Filling out Address Information\\n3-1. Write addresses below the outer envelope's guest names.\\nThe address goes right under the guest name, so hopefully you've left enough space. The outer envelope is what the mail carrier sees, so the address as to be there. Write clearly and legibly so that the postal service gets the invitations to your guests on time.\\nTake the time to refer to your guest list for accurate shipping information. You'll have some explaining to do if grandma's invitation gets lost in the mail.\\n3-2. Avoid using abbreviations.\\nUnfortunately, you can’t save yourself some time here. You have to painstakingly write out the words you’re used to abbreviating. Avenue, for example, should not be AVE on your envelope. State and country abbreviations also look tacky, so go ahead and learn how to spell Mississippi before trying to invite your long-lost uncle.\\nIn cases of couples not living together, the address used should belong to the person you know best.\\n3-3. Place your return address in the upper left corner.\\nYour hand is cramped, but persevere for the good of your wedding day. Lost envelopes won’t make their way back to you without a return address. The upper left corner is the standard spot for your full and unabbreviated address. To avoid cramping the front side, you may write it on the back flap. The stamp can go back there too to give your handwriting space to shine.\\nPrinted address labels, while not as appealing as handwriting, are an option. It’ll give you more time to spend on the important decisions, such as what kind of frosting to use on your cake (like chocolate or more chocolate).\\nIf an invitation is returned to you unopened, it most likely means you have the wrong address.\\n4. Addressing the Invitation and Response Cards\\n4-1. Mention close friends by first name only.\\nReferencing first names is a sign of intimacy and should only be done with people you know well. It’s tempting to do it with everyone, since it saves you a lot of writing, but that would be uncomfortable for your boss, teacher, or uncle you never met. Reserve it for good friends and other people you’re on a first name basis with.\\nFor example, write out “Harry and Ginny.”\\nFamilies can be listed easily like this. You can write, “Ned, Catelyn, Robb, Miss Sansa, Miss Arya, Bran, and Rickon.”\\nInitials are never a valid substitution for a name, but suffixes like Jr. and Sr. are always appropriate.\\n4-2. Address most people by their last names.\\nThe bad news is that you’ll have to do more writing, unless you hired someone to do it for you. The good news is that you get to be slightly less formal. Instead of writing first and last names, the inner envelope only contains the last name behind the salutation. Don’t forget special honors such as Dr.\\nFor example, write “Mr. Potter and guest” or “Mr. and Mrs. Potter,” depending on the relationship.\\n4-3. List unmarried names separately.\\nEveryone who isn’t married gets the honor of having their own line. Hey, it doesn’t have to be a bad thing. Doing this gives both names equal weight. Order the names again by familiarity, or, for equal familiarity, by alphabetical order.\\nFor example, write out “Miss Granger.” Under it, write “Mr. Potter.”\\n4-4. List each person invited to the wedding.\\nThis is an important step when you intend on inviting whole households. The inner envelope is the point where you have to list every name, including children under 18. If your family received an invitation that listed your parents but left you out, you’d be confused. You weren’t verbally invited, and it would be awkward if you showed up unwelcome.\\nNote the adult names first, such as “Mr. and Mrs. Ned Stark.” Under that, list the children by seniority. For instance, write “Robb, Miss Sansa, Miss Arya, Bran, and Rickon.\\\"\\nGirls under 18 are denoted as “Miss.” Boys under 18 don’t get a title. How unfair!\\n4-5. Address the return envelopes.\\nThese are the envelopes your guests need to return their responses. Giving people zero excuse for not RSVPing will at least save some of your hair when you start pulling it out over planning this big event. Write your name, house number, street, town, state, and zip code in the center of the envelope.\\nTo save a whole lot of time, get pre-printed envelopes. You’ve written enough names and addresses for one day.\\nTips\\nWhile hand-delivering invitations is a romantic touch, it’s usually requires a lot of effort and can’t be done for people who live far away.\\nTry using foil stickers or custom stamps to seal the outer envelope.\\nThe inner envelope should stay unsealed. The guests need to use it!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Your big day is approaching. You’ve got to find a way to get these invitations in the hands of guests all over the place, but you can’t figure out how to address them. While the etiquette seems complicated at first, there are simple rules you can follow to get this job done in time to plan the rest of your wedding. By writing out the full names of your guests on the outer envelopes and addressing them more informally on the inner envelope, you’ll come up with beautiful invitations your guests will adore.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Organizing a Guest List\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write out the names and addresses of all your guests.\", \"描述\": \"Before you put pen to expensive but pretty paper, do a headcount. Take the time to check over this information so you don’t make any spelling errors that might bother you when you’ve got plenty of other planning to worry about.\\nAs you go along, you’ll be able to figure out who gets invited together and who gets invited separately.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Invite families and couples together.\", \"描述\": \"Any couple, married and unmarried, can be placed on the same envelope, as long as you wish to invite both of them. If you try to get out of inviting your friend’s new partner you’re iffy about, you might have an awkward moment on your hands. Children under 18 can also be addressed on the same invitation as their parents.\\nFor children over 18, it’s usually best to send a separate invitation. If they live with their parents, you can get away with including them all on the same invitation.\\nSimilarly, siblings or other people living together but not in a relationship can be invited together. However, you might find separate invitations to be a more thoughtful gesture. This is up to you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Invite single guests separately.\", \"描述\": \"Individual invitations are for your guests that aren’t covered on any other invitations. These are for people neither in a relationship nor living together with another guest. You may also choose to invite one person in a couple or household, but be prepared for any drama that might arise from those who feel left out. Single invitees can also be given a guest option to make up for this.\\nThe guest option is used to invite someone you don’t know well, such as the new partner your friend is seeing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Assign appropriate titles to your guests.\", \"描述\": \"Noting a guest's professional titles, such as for doctors, military officials, and judges, is a respectful, classy touch. When these aren’t relevant, you’ll need to address people by Mr. and Mrs. Mr. is used for any males age 18 or older. Mrs. is used for married women or divorced and widowed women. Miss is used for single women and girls under 18. It’s a little complicated, so taking care of this before you start writing can be a great relief.\\nMs. is a catch-all address. It works well for unmarried women over 30 and anytime you’re unsure about what title to use.\\nFor medical doctors, you must spell out the word doctor. Other doctors get the abbreviation “Dr.,” which replaces Mr. and other prefixes.\\nRefer to judges like “The Honorable Renley Baratheon” and military personnel like “Lieutenant Loras Tyrell, US Army.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Naming Guests on the Outer Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write out whole names on the center of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"That’s right, the recipient name features prominently on the envelope’s front. Let the guest feel special. You’re choosing them to attend an important even in your life, after all. Leave space below for coupled guests with different last names as well as the sending address.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spell out full words as often as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Guest names are a given, since the only abbreviations you’ll use are ones such as Mr., Mrs., Jr., and Dr. Other words such as “and” are also typically spelled out for the sake of formality. It’ll also give you a wicked hand cramp. As long as you’re consistent, you can get away with shortening and to “&.” No one’s going to call you out on it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include a guest option for plus ones.\", \"描述\": \"An ordinary address to your dear but unmarried friend is “Miss Clara Oswald.” If you intend on only inviting her, you can leave it at that. Most people bring guests, and you need to show that this is welcome. Write, “Miss Clara Oswald and guest.” The word “guest” is always lowercase. At least you won’t be surprised when Miss Oswald turns up at your wedding with a plus one.\\nThe word “guest” is only used when you don’t know the guest’s name. If you do know the name, write the name out under the first one. For example, write “Miss Clara Oswald” then “Dr. John Who” under it.\\nYou could choose to leave the “and guest” for the inner envelope. Leaving it out can make the outer envelope feel more personal.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address married couples\", \"描述\": \"These are the easiest ones to figure out, as long as no one has a special title like Dr. Those married friends and parents you know are represented as a union like their wedding oath proclaims. The proper address is “Mr. and Mrs. Harry Potter” or “Mr. Harry and Mrs. Ginny Potter.” You’ll probably be wishing you knew more married couples.\\nThe person whose last name is used on the invitation goes first unless their partner has a professional title, such as Dr. or a military ranking.\\nThe same rules apply to married same-sex couples that share a last name. If they don't share a last name, write the full names on separate lines.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write out the full names for couples that don’t share a last name.\", \"描述\": \"Some people don’t assume their partner’s last name. Invalidating that choice or their marriage would be an unpleasant start to your wedding, so take the time to write out both names. The person you are closest to goes first. For example, you’re best friends with Rachel, so you write “Mrs. Rachel Green and Mr. Ross Geller.”\\nWhen you are equally close to each person, list the names in alphabetical order.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Separate unmarried couples onto different lines.\", \"描述\": \"It doesn’t matter if they live together or not. Standard etiquette is to keep the names separate to differentiate them. These stiff old standards have relaxed over time, so you may be able to join the names with the word “and” like you would for married couples. To play it safe, separate the names, order them alphabetically by last name, and write the names out in full.\\nFor example, write “Mr. Joffrey Baratheon.” Under it, write “Miss Sansa Stark.”\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Order names by professional title rankings.\", \"描述\": \"Ranking tops gender, so if your best lady friend is an army colonel, judge, or rocket scientist, you better give her respect. Standard notation for rankings is “Dr. John and Mrs. Who.” If Mrs. Who is the doctor, flip the names. If they’re both doctors, you can write “Drs. John and Clara Who.” The abbreviation for Dr. only needs to be written out in full for medical doctors.\\nRemember to follow the other rules, such as denoting couples with different last names. Change it to “Dr. John Who and Dr. Clara Oswald.”\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Send children over 18 a separate invitation.\", \"描述\": \"At age 18, children are considered legal adults, at least in the US. It gets tricky when the friend you want to invite is living with their parents. You are free to include them on their parents’ invitation, if you are sending one. You might as well send a separate invitation to avoid the confusion.\\nWhen there are multiple children over 18 living together, list them by seniority. For example, write “Mr. Bill Weasley.” Under it, write “Mr. Charlie Weasley.”\\nGood news! You don’t need to list children under 18 on the outer envelope. You may do it by writing “Sansa and Arya” under “Mr. and Mrs. Ned Stark,” but ask yourself if it’s worth the effort.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Simplify family invitations to a last name.\", \"描述\": \"Writing out the full family name is perfectly acceptable and thoughtful. Normally, you’d address the invitation to the parents. Fortunately, there’s a modern way to be inclusive while saving yourself time. Write out the invitation as “The Brady Family.” This implies the invitation is for the entire family, keeping your work short and sweet.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Filling out Address Information\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write addresses below the outer envelope's guest names.\", \"描述\": \"The address goes right under the guest name, so hopefully you've left enough space. The outer envelope is what the mail carrier sees, so the address as to be there. Write clearly and legibly so that the postal service gets the invitations to your guests on time.\\nTake the time to refer to your guest list for accurate shipping information. You'll have some explaining to do if grandma's invitation gets lost in the mail.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid using abbreviations.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, you can’t save yourself some time here. You have to painstakingly write out the words you’re used to abbreviating. Avenue, for example, should not be AVE on your envelope. State and country abbreviations also look tacky, so go ahead and learn how to spell Mississippi before trying to invite your long-lost uncle.\\nIn cases of couples not living together, the address used should belong to the person you know best.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place your return address in the upper left corner.\", \"描述\": \"Your hand is cramped, but persevere for the good of your wedding day. Lost envelopes won’t make their way back to you without a return address. The upper left corner is the standard spot for your full and unabbreviated address. To avoid cramping the front side, you may write it on the back flap. The stamp can go back there too to give your handwriting space to shine.\\nPrinted address labels, while not as appealing as handwriting, are an option. It’ll give you more time to spend on the important decisions, such as what kind of frosting to use on your cake (like chocolate or more chocolate).\\nIf an invitation is returned to you unopened, it most likely means you have the wrong address.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Invitation and Response Cards\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Mention close friends by first name only.\", \"描述\": \"Referencing first names is a sign of intimacy and should only be done with people you know well. It’s tempting to do it with everyone, since it saves you a lot of writing, but that would be uncomfortable for your boss, teacher, or uncle you never met. Reserve it for good friends and other people you’re on a first name basis with.\\nFor example, write out “Harry and Ginny.”\\nFamilies can be listed easily like this. You can write, “Ned, Catelyn, Robb, Miss Sansa, Miss Arya, Bran, and Rickon.”\\nInitials are never a valid substitution for a name, but suffixes like Jr. and Sr. are always appropriate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address most people by their last names.\", \"描述\": \"The bad news is that you’ll have to do more writing, unless you hired someone to do it for you. The good news is that you get to be slightly less formal. Instead of writing first and last names, the inner envelope only contains the last name behind the salutation. Don’t forget special honors such as Dr.\\nFor example, write “Mr. Potter and guest” or “Mr. and Mrs. Potter,” depending on the relationship.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"List unmarried names separately.\", \"描述\": \"Everyone who isn’t married gets the honor of having their own line. Hey, it doesn’t have to be a bad thing. Doing this gives both names equal weight. Order the names again by familiarity, or, for equal familiarity, by alphabetical order.\\nFor example, write out “Miss Granger.” Under it, write “Mr. Potter.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"List each person invited to the wedding.\", \"描述\": \"This is an important step when you intend on inviting whole households. The inner envelope is the point where you have to list every name, including children under 18. If your family received an invitation that listed your parents but left you out, you’d be confused. You weren’t verbally invited, and it would be awkward if you showed up unwelcome.\\nNote the adult names first, such as “Mr. and Mrs. Ned Stark.” Under that, list the children by seniority. For instance, write “Robb, Miss Sansa, Miss Arya, Bran, and Rickon.\\\"\\nGirls under 18 are denoted as “Miss.” Boys under 18 don’t get a title. How unfair!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Address the return envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"These are the envelopes your guests need to return their responses. Giving people zero excuse for not RSVPing will at least save some of your hair when you start pulling it out over planning this big event. Write your name, house number, street, town, state, and zip code in the center of the envelope.\\nTo save a whole lot of time, get pre-printed envelopes. You’ve written enough names and addresses for one day.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"While hand-delivering invitations is a romantic touch, it’s usually requires a lot of effort and can’t be done for people who live far away.\\n\", \"Try using foil stickers or custom stamps to seal the outer envelope.\\n\", \"The inner envelope should stay unsealed. The guests need to use it!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,242 | How to Address Wedding Invitations Without an Inner Envelope | 1. Using the Proper Honorifics
1-1. Address married couples with both first names.
Fill out the invitation by mentioning the first names of both partners, instead of just using the husband’s first and last name. If both partners use different last names, then be sure to use 2 separate lines for each individual. If you aren’t sure how to address a certain couple, reach out to either partner to find out.
For example, address an invitation envelope with: Mr. and Mrs. Brad and Katie Smith
If both partners have separate last names, address them like:Mr. Brad LewisMrs. Katie Smith
If you’d prefer to be more formal, use the male’s full name on the invitation, like Mr. and Mrs. Brad Lewis
1-2. Write out prefixes and suffixes if you’re trying to be formal.
Take a moment to write out a guest’s full name on a wedding invitation, including their proper prefixes and suffixes. Precede “junior” with a comma before writing out the whole lowercase word. If you’re addressing a judge or doctor, use “The Honorable” and “Doctor” on the invitation. Additionally, be sure to write out the full military title for any guests, as necessary.
For instance, address a Navy captain and her non-military husband as: Captain Jennifer Rollins and Mr. Erik Rollins
If you’re inviting a judge, address them as: The Honorable Daniel Clinton and Mrs. Lucy Clinton
1-3. Refer to single women with the “Ms.”
Address your single, female friends with a subtle and polite prefix to keep the invitations formal. If you feel like your friend or family member would prefer the “Miss” honorific, feel free to use that instead. If you’re ever unsure of which honorific to use, always default to “Ms.”
For example, address an invitation to a female friend like this: Ms. Carol Davis
1-4. Go for the “Mr.”
Address all male guests with the “Mr.” prefix, unless they’d prefer to use a different honorific. If you aren’t sure of a guest’s preference, feel free to contact them and double check.
For instance, address a male guest like this: Mr. Anthony Maxwell
1-5. Opt for the “Mx.”
Use the “Mx.” pronoun in the same way that you’d use “Mr.” or “Ms.” on an invitation. If you’re uncertain of a guest’s preferred pronouns, use “Mx.” on the invitation instead of assuming. If you’d like to double-check, feel free to ask them!
For example, refer to a gender-neutral friend as: Mx. Sam Johnson
1-6. Address entire families on a single envelope.
Use the top recipient line to write out the parents’ names. Once you’ve written out this line, you can devote a second line to the children’s first names. If the family has a lot of children, feel free to address the family as 1 unit.
For instance, address a family invitation with:Mr. and Mrs. Xavier and Kelsey MatthewsSammy and Alex
If you’re addressing the family as a whole unit, write: The Matthews Family
Create a separate invitation for adult children living with their parents.
If you want to create individual invitations for children, use “Miss” and “Master” to address them.
1-7. Write out the name of any known guests.
Dedicate the top line of the address to your initially invited friend or family member. If you know the name of the partner or guest that they’ll bring along, devote the second line to that person’s name.
For example, write out an invitation like this:Ms. Lauren SmithMr. James Nottingham
1-8. Note on the envelope if the invitee can bring a guest.
Let the recipient know right away if they’re allowed to bring a plus 1 by specifying on the envelope. To do this, write “and guest” after the recipient’s name, with “guest” remaining lowercase.
For instance, write out the invitation like this: Ms. Patricia Gold and guest
2. Labeling and Filling the Envelope
2-1. Place the recipient’s name and address in the center.
Set the guest’s name(s) in the center of the envelope. When preparing the design layout for the envelopes, dedicate 1-2 lines for recipient names. Dedicate the next 1-2 lines to the address, with the street name written out completely. Finally, devote the bottom line to the zip code.
For example, fill out an envelope like this:Ms. Bailey Miller1266 Sparrow StreetBirmingham, AL35005
2-2. Print the name of the bride and groom in the upper left-hand corner.
Save the time and effort of a labeled inner envelope by printing your name on the larger postage! Select a uniform font for your return address, then use a cursive, more flowing font for the first names of the married couple.
For example, fill out the return address like this:Brian and Alex Williams1708 5th AvenueNew York, NY10010
You can also print the return address on the back of the envelope.
2-3. Include the formal invitation in the envelope.
Opt for a simpler wedding invitation by including all of the relevant information on 1 piece of paper or cardstock. Include the wedding date, location, ceremony and reception time, and RSVP deadline on the formal invitation.
Additionally, mention if they need to indicate a food preference on the RSVP card.
2-4. Slip in a pre-addressed RSVP card for the guests to fill out.
Provide an area for the guest to specify if they’re coming and who they’re bringing with them. To save time for your guests, pre-address all of these RSVPs to the bride and groom and add postage so your guests can mail them back easily.
If you want your guests to select food for the reception, include a checklist of the menu on the RSVP card.
2-5. Add a stamp to the letter so it’s ready to mail.
Include a single stamp in the corner of your wedding invitation to ensure that the invite arrives at its intended destination. Try and use identical or themed stamps on all of the invitations so they look uniform.
If you want to make your envelopes extra stylish, consider using vintage stamps.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Proper Honorifics\\n1-1. Address married couples with both first names.\\nFill out the invitation by mentioning the first names of both partners, instead of just using the husband’s first and last name. If both partners use different last names, then be sure to use 2 separate lines for each individual. If you aren’t sure how to address a certain couple, reach out to either partner to find out.\\nFor example, address an invitation envelope with: Mr. and Mrs. Brad and Katie Smith\\nIf both partners have separate last names, address them like:Mr. Brad LewisMrs. Katie Smith\\nIf you’d prefer to be more formal, use the male’s full name on the invitation, like Mr. and Mrs. Brad Lewis\\n1-2. Write out prefixes and suffixes if you’re trying to be formal.\\nTake a moment to write out a guest’s full name on a wedding invitation, including their proper prefixes and suffixes. Precede “junior” with a comma before writing out the whole lowercase word. If you’re addressing a judge or doctor, use “The Honorable” and “Doctor” on the invitation. Additionally, be sure to write out the full military title for any guests, as necessary.\\nFor instance, address a Navy captain and her non-military husband as: Captain Jennifer Rollins and Mr. Erik Rollins\\nIf you’re inviting a judge, address them as: The Honorable Daniel Clinton and Mrs. Lucy Clinton\\n1-3. Refer to single women with the “Ms.”\\nAddress your single, female friends with a subtle and polite prefix to keep the invitations formal. If you feel like your friend or family member would prefer the “Miss” honorific, feel free to use that instead. If you’re ever unsure of which honorific to use, always default to “Ms.”\\nFor example, address an invitation to a female friend like this: Ms. Carol Davis\\n1-4. Go for the “Mr.”\\nAddress all male guests with the “Mr.” prefix, unless they’d prefer to use a different honorific. If you aren’t sure of a guest’s preference, feel free to contact them and double check.\\nFor instance, address a male guest like this: Mr. Anthony Maxwell\\n1-5. Opt for the “Mx.”\\nUse the “Mx.” pronoun in the same way that you’d use “Mr.” or “Ms.” on an invitation. If you’re uncertain of a guest’s preferred pronouns, use “Mx.” on the invitation instead of assuming. If you’d like to double-check, feel free to ask them!\\nFor example, refer to a gender-neutral friend as: Mx. Sam Johnson\\n1-6. Address entire families on a single envelope.\\nUse the top recipient line to write out the parents’ names. Once you’ve written out this line, you can devote a second line to the children’s first names. If the family has a lot of children, feel free to address the family as 1 unit.\\nFor instance, address a family invitation with:Mr. and Mrs. Xavier and Kelsey MatthewsSammy and Alex\\nIf you’re addressing the family as a whole unit, write: The Matthews Family\\nCreate a separate invitation for adult children living with their parents.\\nIf you want to create individual invitations for children, use “Miss” and “Master” to address them.\\n1-7. Write out the name of any known guests.\\nDedicate the top line of the address to your initially invited friend or family member. If you know the name of the partner or guest that they’ll bring along, devote the second line to that person’s name.\\nFor example, write out an invitation like this:Ms. Lauren SmithMr. James Nottingham\\n1-8. Note on the envelope if the invitee can bring a guest.\\nLet the recipient know right away if they’re allowed to bring a plus 1 by specifying on the envelope. To do this, write “and guest” after the recipient’s name, with “guest” remaining lowercase.\\nFor instance, write out the invitation like this: Ms. Patricia Gold and guest\\n2. Labeling and Filling the Envelope\\n2-1. Place the recipient’s name and address in the center.\\nSet the guest’s name(s) in the center of the envelope. When preparing the design layout for the envelopes, dedicate 1-2 lines for recipient names. Dedicate the next 1-2 lines to the address, with the street name written out completely. Finally, devote the bottom line to the zip code.\\nFor example, fill out an envelope like this:Ms. Bailey Miller1266 Sparrow StreetBirmingham, AL35005\\n2-2. Print the name of the bride and groom in the upper left-hand corner.\\nSave the time and effort of a labeled inner envelope by printing your name on the larger postage! Select a uniform font for your return address, then use a cursive, more flowing font for the first names of the married couple.\\nFor example, fill out the return address like this:Brian and Alex Williams1708 5th AvenueNew York, NY10010\\nYou can also print the return address on the back of the envelope.\\n2-3. Include the formal invitation in the envelope.\\nOpt for a simpler wedding invitation by including all of the relevant information on 1 piece of paper or cardstock. Include the wedding date, location, ceremony and reception time, and RSVP deadline on the formal invitation.\\nAdditionally, mention if they need to indicate a food preference on the RSVP card.\\n2-4. Slip in a pre-addressed RSVP card for the guests to fill out.\\nProvide an area for the guest to specify if they’re coming and who they’re bringing with them. To save time for your guests, pre-address all of these RSVPs to the bride and groom and add postage so your guests can mail them back easily.\\nIf you want your guests to select food for the reception, include a checklist of the menu on the RSVP card.\\n2-5. Add a stamp to the letter so it’s ready to mail.\\nInclude a single stamp in the corner of your wedding invitation to ensure that the invite arrives at its intended destination. Try and use identical or themed stamps on all of the invitations so they look uniform.\\nIf you want to make your envelopes extra stylish, consider using vintage stamps.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Weddings are important celebrations that bring friends and family together and the invitations are a crucial element. While inner envelopes are traditionally used to personalize and organize the wedding invitations, you can save time by personalizing the outer envelope, instead. Simply include a formal invitation and an RSVP card in the outer envelope. To prepare these invitations, all you have to do is double-check which honorifics to use for your guests, then arrange the envelopes accordingly!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Proper Honorifics\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address married couples with both first names.\", \"描述\": \"Fill out the invitation by mentioning the first names of both partners, instead of just using the husband’s first and last name. If both partners use different last names, then be sure to use 2 separate lines for each individual. If you aren’t sure how to address a certain couple, reach out to either partner to find out.\\nFor example, address an invitation envelope with: Mr. and Mrs. Brad and Katie Smith\\nIf both partners have separate last names, address them like:Mr. Brad LewisMrs. Katie Smith\\nIf you’d prefer to be more formal, use the male’s full name on the invitation, like Mr. and Mrs. Brad Lewis\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write out prefixes and suffixes if you’re trying to be formal.\", \"描述\": \"Take a moment to write out a guest’s full name on a wedding invitation, including their proper prefixes and suffixes. Precede “junior” with a comma before writing out the whole lowercase word. If you’re addressing a judge or doctor, use “The Honorable” and “Doctor” on the invitation. Additionally, be sure to write out the full military title for any guests, as necessary.\\nFor instance, address a Navy captain and her non-military husband as: Captain Jennifer Rollins and Mr. Erik Rollins\\nIf you’re inviting a judge, address them as: The Honorable Daniel Clinton and Mrs. Lucy Clinton\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Refer to single women with the “Ms.”\", \"描述\": \"Address your single, female friends with a subtle and polite prefix to keep the invitations formal. If you feel like your friend or family member would prefer the “Miss” honorific, feel free to use that instead. If you’re ever unsure of which honorific to use, always default to “Ms.”\\nFor example, address an invitation to a female friend like this: Ms. Carol Davis\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go for the “Mr.”\", \"描述\": \"Address all male guests with the “Mr.” prefix, unless they’d prefer to use a different honorific. If you aren’t sure of a guest’s preference, feel free to contact them and double check.\\nFor instance, address a male guest like this: Mr. Anthony Maxwell\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Opt for the “Mx.”\", \"描述\": \"Use the “Mx.” pronoun in the same way that you’d use “Mr.” or “Ms.” on an invitation. If you’re uncertain of a guest’s preferred pronouns, use “Mx.” on the invitation instead of assuming. If you’d like to double-check, feel free to ask them!\\nFor example, refer to a gender-neutral friend as: Mx. Sam Johnson\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Address entire families on a single envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Use the top recipient line to write out the parents’ names. Once you’ve written out this line, you can devote a second line to the children’s first names. If the family has a lot of children, feel free to address the family as 1 unit.\\nFor instance, address a family invitation with:Mr. and Mrs. Xavier and Kelsey MatthewsSammy and Alex\\nIf you’re addressing the family as a whole unit, write: The Matthews Family\\nCreate a separate invitation for adult children living with their parents.\\nIf you want to create individual invitations for children, use “Miss” and “Master” to address them.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Write out the name of any known guests.\", \"描述\": \"Dedicate the top line of the address to your initially invited friend or family member. If you know the name of the partner or guest that they’ll bring along, devote the second line to that person’s name.\\nFor example, write out an invitation like this:Ms. Lauren SmithMr. James Nottingham\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Note on the envelope if the invitee can bring a guest.\", \"描述\": \"Let the recipient know right away if they’re allowed to bring a plus 1 by specifying on the envelope. To do this, write “and guest” after the recipient’s name, with “guest” remaining lowercase.\\nFor instance, write out the invitation like this: Ms. Patricia Gold and guest\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Labeling and Filling the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Place the recipient’s name and address in the center.\", \"描述\": \"Set the guest’s name(s) in the center of the envelope. When preparing the design layout for the envelopes, dedicate 1-2 lines for recipient names. Dedicate the next 1-2 lines to the address, with the street name written out completely. Finally, devote the bottom line to the zip code.\\nFor example, fill out an envelope like this:Ms. Bailey Miller1266 Sparrow StreetBirmingham, AL35005\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Print the name of the bride and groom in the upper left-hand corner.\", \"描述\": \"Save the time and effort of a labeled inner envelope by printing your name on the larger postage! Select a uniform font for your return address, then use a cursive, more flowing font for the first names of the married couple.\\nFor example, fill out the return address like this:Brian and Alex Williams1708 5th AvenueNew York, NY10010\\nYou can also print the return address on the back of the envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include the formal invitation in the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Opt for a simpler wedding invitation by including all of the relevant information on 1 piece of paper or cardstock. Include the wedding date, location, ceremony and reception time, and RSVP deadline on the formal invitation.\\nAdditionally, mention if they need to indicate a food preference on the RSVP card.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Slip in a pre-addressed RSVP card for the guests to fill out.\", \"描述\": \"Provide an area for the guest to specify if they’re coming and who they’re bringing with them. To save time for your guests, pre-address all of these RSVPs to the bride and groom and add postage so your guests can mail them back easily.\\nIf you want your guests to select food for the reception, include a checklist of the menu on the RSVP card.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add a stamp to the letter so it’s ready to mail.\", \"描述\": \"Include a single stamp in the corner of your wedding invitation to ensure that the invite arrives at its intended destination. Try and use identical or themed stamps on all of the invitations so they look uniform.\\nIf you want to make your envelopes extra stylish, consider using vintage stamps.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,243 | How to Address Wedding Invitations to a Family | 1. Managing Double Envelopes
1-1. Decide whether to do double-envelopes.
If you are planning a more informal affair, it’s okay to go with just one outer envelope. That way your invitees with open the envelope and see your invitation right away. If you prefer formality and tradition, opt for the double-envelope method. This means that your invitees will need to open two separate envelopes before seeing the event details.
You can also consider the quality of the paper that you plan to use for your invitations. If the paper is high-quality and thicker, then a second envelope may not be necessary. And, it could add to the postage cost as well.
1-2. Be more formal with the outer envelopes.
If you go with the two envelope style, then you’ll want to be consistently more formal with the outer ones and more casual with the inner ones. The outer envelope will contain titles and complete names. In contrast, the inner envelope can be addressed with simple first names and without accompanying titles.
If you don’t know the invitee that well, it’s still okay to lean toward the more formal and include their full name on the inner envelope.
1-3. Use complete formal names and no abbreviations in the address.
The outer envelope is generally considered more formal than the inner one. For that reason, you’ll want to use the full names of your invitees, not their simple initials. For the return and mailing addresses, spell out the full city and state names. Do the same thing with street locations.
For example, in the addresses, you should put “Lane” instead of “Ln.”
Try to include your invitees’ middle names. However, if you don’t have it, go with the initial or just use the first and last name.
2. Deciding on Manners of Address
2-1. Use Mr.
and Mrs. for a married couple on the outer envelope. You can refer to both members of the couple by “Mr. and Mrs.” followed by the husband’s full name. However, this strikes some people as no longer appropriate for today’s society. You could also refer to a couple as “Mr. John and Mrs. Emily Perkins.”
For the inner envelope, go ahead and shorten your greeting to, “John and Emily” or “John and Emily Perkins.”
2-2. Go with closeness if the couple has different last names.
If you are inviting a married couple who go by their own last names, then the person who you feel closest to gets the first spot. If you are equally close to both people, then arrange them according to alphabetical order.
For example, the outer envelope might look like, “Mr. Mike Smith and Mrs. Samantha Wise.”
2-3. Put your closest friend first if a couple is unmarried and living together.
The closeness rule also applies if you are sending an invite to an unmarried couple, except you use 2 lines. The first line is reserved for the person who you know best. The second line is for their partner.
For example, the first line on the outer envelope might read, “Ms. Amanda Jones.” The second line might read, “Mr. Michael Adams.”
2-4. Gather additional information if you are inviting a widow.
Reach out to a family member of the widow and ask if she prefers to use her first name followed by her married last name or her husband’s full name for events. If you can’t get this information or are unsure, go with her full name, just to be careful.
For example, the outer envelope might state, “Mrs. Nancy Stevens,” or, with the husband’s full name, “Mrs. Charles Stevens.” For the inner envelope, shorten it to, “Mrs. Stevens,” or “Nancy.”
2-5. Follow the same rules for a same-sex couple.
None of the rules really change if you are inviting a same-sex couple. If they are married, then both names should appear on the same line. If they are living together but unmarried, then go with separate lines.
2-6. Use honorifics if both parties are doctors.
On the outer envelope, spell out the full “Doctors” before you list both of the names together. On the inner envelope, you can go with the “Dr.” abbreviation. Or, you can simply state “Doctors” and their last name.
For example, the outer envelope will state, “Doctor Anne and Peter Thompson.” The inner envelope can show, “Doctors Thompson.”
2-7. Go into the next line, if needed, for honorifics.
Some titles are quite long, but formality on the outer envelope requires that you list them in full. It’s okay to continue on to the line below if you need the space to write everything out. This usually isn’t an issue in the inner envelope since abbreviations are okay.
3. Inviting Children
3-1. Include children under 18 on the inner envelope.
Kids’ names are not required on the outer envelope. However, for the inner one, list out the invited children on the second line in order of age. If you like, you can add “Miss” before each girl’s name. The under 18 boys have no parallel title.
For example, the second line of the inner envelope might look like, “Michael, Miss Rebecca, and Steven.”
3-2. Send children over 18 their own invitation.
For adult children living on their own or with their parents, send them a separate invitation. Use their full formal name on the outer envelope and the honorific “Mr.” or “Ms.” and their last name on the inner envelope.
3-3. Don't name the children if they aren't invited.
If you don’t list the children on the inner envelope, your guests should understand that they are not invited. However, be warned that not everyone follows this idea and some people may incorrectly assume that their children are invited to the wedding.
Mention that children are not invited on your wedding website. Include your reason if you think it will help parents' understand. You might say, "We regret that we cannot invite children to the ceremony or reception, as the venue will not accommodate them."
Follow up with families that may not have gotten the memo to make sure that they understand.
4. Following Good Invitation Practices
4-1. Give yourself plenty of time to assemble and mail.
If you are sending out the invitations yourself, be warned that they may take a good amount of time to address, put together, and prepare for mailing. Set aside a few chunks of time where you will be able to devote your entire attention to this project.
4-2. Consider which return and RSVP address to use.
It’s best to use 1 address on both the return and RSVP areas. Otherwise, your guests may get confused and could send their RSVPs to the wrong spot. This should be an address that you check regularly.
4-3. Stuff the envelopes carefully.
The inner envelope should remain unsealed and you should position it so that the flat side faces towards the flap of the outer envelope. Place the invitation so that the text faces the flap of the inner envelope. You want the invitee to open the inner envelope and instantly see the invite.
4-4. Weigh your invitations before mailing.
Before you put stamps on all of your invites, go to the post office and place a single completed invite on the postage scale. You’ll see if you need extra postage in order to ensure that your invites will get to their destinations.
Tips
If you are addressing your own invitations, go ahead and order a few extra envelopes in case you make a few lettering mistakes.
Warnings
It’s a good idea to send out invitations at least 6-8 weeks before the wedding. This gives your guests ample time to respond and put your wedding on their calendar.[18]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Managing Double Envelopes\\n1-1. Decide whether to do double-envelopes.\\nIf you are planning a more informal affair, it’s okay to go with just one outer envelope. That way your invitees with open the envelope and see your invitation right away. If you prefer formality and tradition, opt for the double-envelope method. This means that your invitees will need to open two separate envelopes before seeing the event details.\\nYou can also consider the quality of the paper that you plan to use for your invitations. If the paper is high-quality and thicker, then a second envelope may not be necessary. And, it could add to the postage cost as well.\\n1-2. Be more formal with the outer envelopes.\\nIf you go with the two envelope style, then you’ll want to be consistently more formal with the outer ones and more casual with the inner ones. The outer envelope will contain titles and complete names. In contrast, the inner envelope can be addressed with simple first names and without accompanying titles.\\nIf you don’t know the invitee that well, it’s still okay to lean toward the more formal and include their full name on the inner envelope.\\n1-3. Use complete formal names and no abbreviations in the address.\\nThe outer envelope is generally considered more formal than the inner one. For that reason, you’ll want to use the full names of your invitees, not their simple initials. For the return and mailing addresses, spell out the full city and state names. Do the same thing with street locations.\\nFor example, in the addresses, you should put “Lane” instead of “Ln.”\\nTry to include your invitees’ middle names. However, if you don’t have it, go with the initial or just use the first and last name.\\n2. Deciding on Manners of Address\\n2-1. Use Mr.\\nand Mrs. for a married couple on the outer envelope. You can refer to both members of the couple by “Mr. and Mrs.” followed by the husband’s full name. However, this strikes some people as no longer appropriate for today’s society. You could also refer to a couple as “Mr. John and Mrs. Emily Perkins.”\\nFor the inner envelope, go ahead and shorten your greeting to, “John and Emily” or “John and Emily Perkins.”\\n2-2. Go with closeness if the couple has different last names.\\nIf you are inviting a married couple who go by their own last names, then the person who you feel closest to gets the first spot. If you are equally close to both people, then arrange them according to alphabetical order.\\nFor example, the outer envelope might look like, “Mr. Mike Smith and Mrs. Samantha Wise.”\\n2-3. Put your closest friend first if a couple is unmarried and living together.\\nThe closeness rule also applies if you are sending an invite to an unmarried couple, except you use 2 lines. The first line is reserved for the person who you know best. The second line is for their partner.\\nFor example, the first line on the outer envelope might read, “Ms. Amanda Jones.” The second line might read, “Mr. Michael Adams.”\\n2-4. Gather additional information if you are inviting a widow.\\nReach out to a family member of the widow and ask if she prefers to use her first name followed by her married last name or her husband’s full name for events. If you can’t get this information or are unsure, go with her full name, just to be careful.\\nFor example, the outer envelope might state, “Mrs. Nancy Stevens,” or, with the husband’s full name, “Mrs. Charles Stevens.” For the inner envelope, shorten it to, “Mrs. Stevens,” or “Nancy.”\\n2-5. Follow the same rules for a same-sex couple.\\nNone of the rules really change if you are inviting a same-sex couple. If they are married, then both names should appear on the same line. If they are living together but unmarried, then go with separate lines.\\n2-6. Use honorifics if both parties are doctors.\\nOn the outer envelope, spell out the full “Doctors” before you list both of the names together. On the inner envelope, you can go with the “Dr.” abbreviation. Or, you can simply state “Doctors” and their last name.\\nFor example, the outer envelope will state, “Doctor Anne and Peter Thompson.” The inner envelope can show, “Doctors Thompson.”\\n2-7. Go into the next line, if needed, for honorifics.\\nSome titles are quite long, but formality on the outer envelope requires that you list them in full. It’s okay to continue on to the line below if you need the space to write everything out. This usually isn’t an issue in the inner envelope since abbreviations are okay.\\n3. Inviting Children\\n3-1. Include children under 18 on the inner envelope.\\nKids’ names are not required on the outer envelope. However, for the inner one, list out the invited children on the second line in order of age. If you like, you can add “Miss” before each girl’s name. The under 18 boys have no parallel title.\\nFor example, the second line of the inner envelope might look like, “Michael, Miss Rebecca, and Steven.”\\n3-2. Send children over 18 their own invitation.\\nFor adult children living on their own or with their parents, send them a separate invitation. Use their full formal name on the outer envelope and the honorific “Mr.” or “Ms.” and their last name on the inner envelope.\\n3-3. Don't name the children if they aren't invited.\\nIf you don’t list the children on the inner envelope, your guests should understand that they are not invited. However, be warned that not everyone follows this idea and some people may incorrectly assume that their children are invited to the wedding.\\nMention that children are not invited on your wedding website. Include your reason if you think it will help parents' understand. You might say, \\\"We regret that we cannot invite children to the ceremony or reception, as the venue will not accommodate them.\\\"\\nFollow up with families that may not have gotten the memo to make sure that they understand.\\n4. Following Good Invitation Practices\\n4-1. Give yourself plenty of time to assemble and mail.\\nIf you are sending out the invitations yourself, be warned that they may take a good amount of time to address, put together, and prepare for mailing. Set aside a few chunks of time where you will be able to devote your entire attention to this project.\\n4-2. Consider which return and RSVP address to use.\\nIt’s best to use 1 address on both the return and RSVP areas. Otherwise, your guests may get confused and could send their RSVPs to the wrong spot. This should be an address that you check regularly.\\n4-3. Stuff the envelopes carefully.\\nThe inner envelope should remain unsealed and you should position it so that the flat side faces towards the flap of the outer envelope. Place the invitation so that the text faces the flap of the inner envelope. You want the invitee to open the inner envelope and instantly see the invite.\\n4-4. Weigh your invitations before mailing.\\nBefore you put stamps on all of your invites, go to the post office and place a single completed invite on the postage scale. You’ll see if you need extra postage in order to ensure that your invites will get to their destinations.\\nTips\\nIf you are addressing your own invitations, go ahead and order a few extra envelopes in case you make a few lettering mistakes.\\nWarnings\\nIt’s a good idea to send out invitations at least 6-8 weeks before the wedding. This gives your guests ample time to respond and put your wedding on their calendar.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are a number of potential etiquette rules to follow when addressing wedding invitations to a family. If you are using double envelopes, then remember to stay more formal with the outer one. The inner one is where you can address invitees more personally. Include as much information as you can on the outer envelope, including full honorifics and even middle names. Children’s names will usually go on the inner envelope, unless they are not invited. At the end of the day, choose the etiquette rules that work the best for you. After all, it is your special day!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Managing Double Envelopes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide whether to do double-envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"If you are planning a more informal affair, it’s okay to go with just one outer envelope. That way your invitees with open the envelope and see your invitation right away. If you prefer formality and tradition, opt for the double-envelope method. This means that your invitees will need to open two separate envelopes before seeing the event details.\\nYou can also consider the quality of the paper that you plan to use for your invitations. If the paper is high-quality and thicker, then a second envelope may not be necessary. And, it could add to the postage cost as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be more formal with the outer envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"If you go with the two envelope style, then you’ll want to be consistently more formal with the outer ones and more casual with the inner ones. The outer envelope will contain titles and complete names. In contrast, the inner envelope can be addressed with simple first names and without accompanying titles.\\nIf you don’t know the invitee that well, it’s still okay to lean toward the more formal and include their full name on the inner envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use complete formal names and no abbreviations in the address.\", \"描述\": \"The outer envelope is generally considered more formal than the inner one. For that reason, you’ll want to use the full names of your invitees, not their simple initials. For the return and mailing addresses, spell out the full city and state names. Do the same thing with street locations.\\nFor example, in the addresses, you should put “Lane” instead of “Ln.”\\nTry to include your invitees’ middle names. However, if you don’t have it, go with the initial or just use the first and last name.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Deciding on Manners of Address\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use Mr.\", \"描述\": \"and Mrs. for a married couple on the outer envelope. You can refer to both members of the couple by “Mr. and Mrs.” followed by the husband’s full name. However, this strikes some people as no longer appropriate for today’s society. You could also refer to a couple as “Mr. John and Mrs. Emily Perkins.”\\nFor the inner envelope, go ahead and shorten your greeting to, “John and Emily” or “John and Emily Perkins.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go with closeness if the couple has different last names.\", \"描述\": \"If you are inviting a married couple who go by their own last names, then the person who you feel closest to gets the first spot. If you are equally close to both people, then arrange them according to alphabetical order.\\nFor example, the outer envelope might look like, “Mr. Mike Smith and Mrs. Samantha Wise.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put your closest friend first if a couple is unmarried and living together.\", \"描述\": \"The closeness rule also applies if you are sending an invite to an unmarried couple, except you use 2 lines. The first line is reserved for the person who you know best. The second line is for their partner.\\nFor example, the first line on the outer envelope might read, “Ms. Amanda Jones.” The second line might read, “Mr. Michael Adams.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gather additional information if you are inviting a widow.\", \"描述\": \"Reach out to a family member of the widow and ask if she prefers to use her first name followed by her married last name or her husband’s full name for events. If you can’t get this information or are unsure, go with her full name, just to be careful.\\nFor example, the outer envelope might state, “Mrs. Nancy Stevens,” or, with the husband’s full name, “Mrs. Charles Stevens.” For the inner envelope, shorten it to, “Mrs. Stevens,” or “Nancy.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Follow the same rules for a same-sex couple.\", \"描述\": \"None of the rules really change if you are inviting a same-sex couple. If they are married, then both names should appear on the same line. If they are living together but unmarried, then go with separate lines.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use honorifics if both parties are doctors.\", \"描述\": \"On the outer envelope, spell out the full “Doctors” before you list both of the names together. On the inner envelope, you can go with the “Dr.” abbreviation. Or, you can simply state “Doctors” and their last name.\\nFor example, the outer envelope will state, “Doctor Anne and Peter Thompson.” The inner envelope can show, “Doctors Thompson.”\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Go into the next line, if needed, for honorifics.\", \"描述\": \"Some titles are quite long, but formality on the outer envelope requires that you list them in full. It’s okay to continue on to the line below if you need the space to write everything out. This usually isn’t an issue in the inner envelope since abbreviations are okay.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Inviting Children\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Include children under 18 on the inner envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Kids’ names are not required on the outer envelope. However, for the inner one, list out the invited children on the second line in order of age. If you like, you can add “Miss” before each girl’s name. The under 18 boys have no parallel title.\\nFor example, the second line of the inner envelope might look like, “Michael, Miss Rebecca, and Steven.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Send children over 18 their own invitation.\", \"描述\": \"For adult children living on their own or with their parents, send them a separate invitation. Use their full formal name on the outer envelope and the honorific “Mr.” or “Ms.” and their last name on the inner envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't name the children if they aren't invited.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t list the children on the inner envelope, your guests should understand that they are not invited. However, be warned that not everyone follows this idea and some people may incorrectly assume that their children are invited to the wedding.\\nMention that children are not invited on your wedding website. Include your reason if you think it will help parents' understand. You might say, \\\"We regret that we cannot invite children to the ceremony or reception, as the venue will not accommodate them.\\\"\\nFollow up with families that may not have gotten the memo to make sure that they understand.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Following Good Invitation Practices\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Give yourself plenty of time to assemble and mail.\", \"描述\": \"If you are sending out the invitations yourself, be warned that they may take a good amount of time to address, put together, and prepare for mailing. Set aside a few chunks of time where you will be able to devote your entire attention to this project.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider which return and RSVP address to use.\", \"描述\": \"It’s best to use 1 address on both the return and RSVP areas. Otherwise, your guests may get confused and could send their RSVPs to the wrong spot. This should be an address that you check regularly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stuff the envelopes carefully.\", \"描述\": \"The inner envelope should remain unsealed and you should position it so that the flat side faces towards the flap of the outer envelope. Place the invitation so that the text faces the flap of the inner envelope. You want the invitee to open the inner envelope and instantly see the invite.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Weigh your invitations before mailing.\", \"描述\": \"Before you put stamps on all of your invites, go to the post office and place a single completed invite on the postage scale. You’ll see if you need extra postage in order to ensure that your invites will get to their destinations.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you are addressing your own invitations, go ahead and order a few extra envelopes in case you make a few lettering mistakes.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"It’s a good idea to send out invitations at least 6-8 weeks before the wedding. This gives your guests ample time to respond and put your wedding on their calendar.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,244 | How to Address Wedding Invitations to a Married Couple | 1. Creating the Front Envelope
1-1. Use “Mr.
This was the proper way to address invitations to married couples for a long time, so use it if you’re going for a more traditional or old-fashioned style. Write “Mr. and Mrs.” followed by the husband’s full name. Include the middle name if you know it, or leave it out if you don’t.
For example, if the married couple was Thomas and Jane Smith, the invitation would read, “Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Smith.” If you know that Thomas’ middle name is Joseph, then the full address would be “Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Joseph Smith.”
Remember that this is a bit old-fashioned, and some women may oppose having their name grouped in with their husband’s. Adjust your approach based on whether you prefer to be modern or traditional.
You can also write the man's first name, the word "and," the woman's first name, and their last name.
1-2. Write each partner’s full name and title for a more modern style.
The modern approach is listing each partner separately, even if they have the same last name. Precede each partner with “Mr.” or “Mrs.”, then list their full name. For example, “Mr. Alejandro Hernandez and Mrs. Tatiana Hernandez.”
To save room, it’s also acceptable to list them as “Mr. Alejandro and Mrs. Tatiana Hernandez.”
This also covers the possibility that the husband and wife have different last names, which is growing more common. Simply list each partner separately with their full title.
Some brides hyphenate their last name to keep their maiden name but include their husband’s name as well. In this case, follow the same procedure and list each partner by their full name, like with “Mr. Brian Jackson and Mrs. Tiffany Brown-Jackson.”
1-3. List the person that you’re closest to first if you don't know the couple equally.
While it’s traditional to list the husband first on official invitations, it’s now appropriate to order the couple based on who you’re closer to. If you’re inviting your friend Sarah and her husband Chris, then the invitation can read, “Mrs. Sarah Rossi and Mr. Chris Rossi.” Use this style if you’re not grouping the husband and wife’s names.
1-4. Print each partner’s full name and title for a same-sex couple.
Address invitations to same-sex couples the same way you’d address them to opposite-sex couples listed separately. Begin each partner with their proper title, followed by their full name.
If the couple was Adam and Bruce Acheson, then address the envelope as “Mr. Adam and Mr. Bruce Acheson.” Use the same format for women, but with the title “Mrs.”
Also list a same-sex couple starting with the partner that you’re closest with. If you’re equally close to them, then just go in alphabetical order.
1-5. Use the preferred pronouns for trans or non-binary people.
List trans or non-binary couples the same way that you’d list other couples, just with their preferred pronouns. Follow the pronoun with their full name.
Some trans people also change their first name to match their gender identity. In this case, make sure you use their adopted name rather than their birth name.
Some non-binary people prefer “Mx.” for their title as a gender-neutral term.
If you aren’t sure about correct pronouns, you can always contact the couple and ask what they prefer. They’ll appreciate your inquiry and effort to include them.
1-6. Write out the complete address without using any abbreviations.
With both names and addresses, don’t use abbreviations on wedding invites. Spell out the whole address, without special signs or abbreviations.
For example, if an address is “152 7th Ave.,” write it out as “152 Seventh Avenue.” You can still use numerals for the house or apartment number is it's greater than 20. If it's less than 20, write it out as well.
Also write out state names in full, rather than using abbreviations. Write “California” instead of “CA,” for example.
Limit your invitations to 1 per household. If you're offering a plated meal at your wedding, include as many meal cards as household members.
2. Writing the Inner Envelope
2-1. Send an inner envelope if you want to be more traditional.
Inner envelopes are optional. The point is providing the invited couple with a fresh, clean envelope for display if the outer envelope gets damaged. If you want to provide a more traditional feeling, then send an inner envelope.
The inner envelope is less formal than the front one and doesn't need any mailing information. Just include the couple's named, properly filled out.
If you don't feel strongly about including an inner envelope, then you'll probably save money by leaving it out.
2-2. Use first names on the inner envelope if you’re close to the couple.
The inner envelope on wedding invitations is less formal than the front. If you know the couple well, then just use first names there, like “Michael and Kim,” rather than their proper titles. Also list them in the order that you listed them on the front envelope.
If you have a family relationship with the couple, you can use it on the inner envelope. For example, “Uncle Pat and Aunt Rosa.”
If you’re not as close with the couple, then simple use “Mr. and Mrs.” for the inner envelope.
2-3. Include children on the inner envelope if they’re invited.
Traditionally, the front envelope is only addressed to the parents. If you’re also inviting their children, then list them on the second line after their parents.
If you’re being proper, then list the couple with their titles and last names, followed by the children. For example, “Mr. and Mrs. Dietrich, Sarah, John, and Shirley.” Otherwise, just use everyone’s first names.
3. Including Distinguished Titles
3-1. List the person with the distinguished title first.
Whether a person is a doctor, military member, judge, or another title, the partner with a title socially “outranks” the other. List them first, regardless of gender.
If both partners have a distinguished title, then list the person that you’re closest to first.
The most common distinguished titles are Doctor or military ranks. Other titles are “The Honorable” for judges, “Reverend,” or “Professor.”
3-2. Spell out titles without abbreviations.
Just like with addresses, the professional title shouldn’t contain abbreviations. Spell out the titles entirely on the front envelope. If you have an inner envelope, you can abbreviate the titles there.
If the titles and names are too long for one line, make a new line for the second partner and indent it.
3-3. Order military service members according to their rank.
If both partners are in the military but have different ranks, list them according to their rank, regardless of gender. For example, if one partner is a Lieutenant and one is a Colonel, the Colonel is listed first. Make the invitation out to “Colonel Rachael Jones and Lieutenant Alex Jones.”
It’s easy to find out which rank is higher. Just do an internet search for military ranks to find out.
If the partners share the same rank, then list them based on who you’re closest with.
3-4. Make the title plural if both partners have the same one.
It’s common for some couples to share a title, like if both are doctors. In this case, you can make the title “Doctors” and list each partner’s full name after.
In a couple with 2 doctors, for example, write the card as, “Doctors Michael Sherman and Erica Sherman.”
This works for couples with the same military ranks as well. For example, "Sergeants Eric and Kaitlin Strasser."
Tips
Always invite the spouse of a wedding attendee, even if you don’t know them. If one of your guests is in a relationship but not married, then you can use your discretion. It’s traditional to invite the partner if you’re close to that person or they have been together for a long time.[18]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Creating the Front Envelope\\n1-1. Use “Mr.\\nThis was the proper way to address invitations to married couples for a long time, so use it if you’re going for a more traditional or old-fashioned style. Write “Mr. and Mrs.” followed by the husband’s full name. Include the middle name if you know it, or leave it out if you don’t.\\nFor example, if the married couple was Thomas and Jane Smith, the invitation would read, “Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Smith.” If you know that Thomas’ middle name is Joseph, then the full address would be “Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Joseph Smith.”\\nRemember that this is a bit old-fashioned, and some women may oppose having their name grouped in with their husband’s. Adjust your approach based on whether you prefer to be modern or traditional.\\nYou can also write the man's first name, the word \\\"and,\\\" the woman's first name, and their last name.\\n1-2. Write each partner’s full name and title for a more modern style.\\nThe modern approach is listing each partner separately, even if they have the same last name. Precede each partner with “Mr.” or “Mrs.”, then list their full name. For example, “Mr. Alejandro Hernandez and Mrs. Tatiana Hernandez.”\\nTo save room, it’s also acceptable to list them as “Mr. Alejandro and Mrs. Tatiana Hernandez.”\\nThis also covers the possibility that the husband and wife have different last names, which is growing more common. Simply list each partner separately with their full title.\\nSome brides hyphenate their last name to keep their maiden name but include their husband’s name as well. In this case, follow the same procedure and list each partner by their full name, like with “Mr. Brian Jackson and Mrs. Tiffany Brown-Jackson.”\\n1-3. List the person that you’re closest to first if you don't know the couple equally.\\nWhile it’s traditional to list the husband first on official invitations, it’s now appropriate to order the couple based on who you’re closer to. If you’re inviting your friend Sarah and her husband Chris, then the invitation can read, “Mrs. Sarah Rossi and Mr. Chris Rossi.” Use this style if you’re not grouping the husband and wife’s names.\\n1-4. Print each partner’s full name and title for a same-sex couple.\\nAddress invitations to same-sex couples the same way you’d address them to opposite-sex couples listed separately. Begin each partner with their proper title, followed by their full name.\\nIf the couple was Adam and Bruce Acheson, then address the envelope as “Mr. Adam and Mr. Bruce Acheson.” Use the same format for women, but with the title “Mrs.”\\nAlso list a same-sex couple starting with the partner that you’re closest with. If you’re equally close to them, then just go in alphabetical order.\\n1-5. Use the preferred pronouns for trans or non-binary people.\\nList trans or non-binary couples the same way that you’d list other couples, just with their preferred pronouns. Follow the pronoun with their full name.\\nSome trans people also change their first name to match their gender identity. In this case, make sure you use their adopted name rather than their birth name.\\nSome non-binary people prefer “Mx.” for their title as a gender-neutral term.\\nIf you aren’t sure about correct pronouns, you can always contact the couple and ask what they prefer. They’ll appreciate your inquiry and effort to include them.\\n1-6. Write out the complete address without using any abbreviations.\\nWith both names and addresses, don’t use abbreviations on wedding invites. Spell out the whole address, without special signs or abbreviations.\\nFor example, if an address is “152 7th Ave.,” write it out as “152 Seventh Avenue.” You can still use numerals for the house or apartment number is it's greater than 20. If it's less than 20, write it out as well.\\nAlso write out state names in full, rather than using abbreviations. Write “California” instead of “CA,” for example.\\nLimit your invitations to 1 per household. If you're offering a plated meal at your wedding, include as many meal cards as household members.\\n2. Writing the Inner Envelope\\n2-1. Send an inner envelope if you want to be more traditional.\\nInner envelopes are optional. The point is providing the invited couple with a fresh, clean envelope for display if the outer envelope gets damaged. If you want to provide a more traditional feeling, then send an inner envelope.\\nThe inner envelope is less formal than the front one and doesn't need any mailing information. Just include the couple's named, properly filled out.\\nIf you don't feel strongly about including an inner envelope, then you'll probably save money by leaving it out.\\n2-2. Use first names on the inner envelope if you’re close to the couple.\\nThe inner envelope on wedding invitations is less formal than the front. If you know the couple well, then just use first names there, like “Michael and Kim,” rather than their proper titles. Also list them in the order that you listed them on the front envelope.\\nIf you have a family relationship with the couple, you can use it on the inner envelope. For example, “Uncle Pat and Aunt Rosa.”\\nIf you’re not as close with the couple, then simple use “Mr. and Mrs.” for the inner envelope.\\n2-3. Include children on the inner envelope if they’re invited.\\nTraditionally, the front envelope is only addressed to the parents. If you’re also inviting their children, then list them on the second line after their parents.\\nIf you’re being proper, then list the couple with their titles and last names, followed by the children. For example, “Mr. and Mrs. Dietrich, Sarah, John, and Shirley.” Otherwise, just use everyone’s first names.\\n3. Including Distinguished Titles\\n3-1. List the person with the distinguished title first.\\nWhether a person is a doctor, military member, judge, or another title, the partner with a title socially “outranks” the other. List them first, regardless of gender.\\nIf both partners have a distinguished title, then list the person that you’re closest to first.\\nThe most common distinguished titles are Doctor or military ranks. Other titles are “The Honorable” for judges, “Reverend,” or “Professor.”\\n3-2. Spell out titles without abbreviations.\\nJust like with addresses, the professional title shouldn’t contain abbreviations. Spell out the titles entirely on the front envelope. If you have an inner envelope, you can abbreviate the titles there.\\nIf the titles and names are too long for one line, make a new line for the second partner and indent it.\\n3-3. Order military service members according to their rank.\\nIf both partners are in the military but have different ranks, list them according to their rank, regardless of gender. For example, if one partner is a Lieutenant and one is a Colonel, the Colonel is listed first. Make the invitation out to “Colonel Rachael Jones and Lieutenant Alex Jones.”\\nIt’s easy to find out which rank is higher. Just do an internet search for military ranks to find out.\\nIf the partners share the same rank, then list them based on who you’re closest with.\\n3-4. Make the title plural if both partners have the same one.\\nIt’s common for some couples to share a title, like if both are doctors. In this case, you can make the title “Doctors” and list each partner’s full name after.\\nIn a couple with 2 doctors, for example, write the card as, “Doctors Michael Sherman and Erica Sherman.”\\nThis works for couples with the same military ranks as well. For example, \\\"Sergeants Eric and Kaitlin Strasser.\\\"\\nTips\\nAlways invite the spouse of a wedding attendee, even if you don’t know them. If one of your guests is in a relationship but not married, then you can use your discretion. It’s traditional to invite the partner if you’re close to that person or they have been together for a long time.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Tons of planning goes along with throwing a wedding, so naturally you want to avoid as much stress as possible. Through the whole planning process, you might be unsure of how to address the invitations to your married friends and family. The process is a bit complicated, but don’t worry – with some pre-planning, you’ll address all your invitations correctly and all your guests will be happy.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Creating the Front Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use “Mr.\", \"描述\": \"This was the proper way to address invitations to married couples for a long time, so use it if you’re going for a more traditional or old-fashioned style. Write “Mr. and Mrs.” followed by the husband’s full name. Include the middle name if you know it, or leave it out if you don’t.\\nFor example, if the married couple was Thomas and Jane Smith, the invitation would read, “Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Smith.” If you know that Thomas’ middle name is Joseph, then the full address would be “Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Joseph Smith.”\\nRemember that this is a bit old-fashioned, and some women may oppose having their name grouped in with their husband’s. Adjust your approach based on whether you prefer to be modern or traditional.\\nYou can also write the man's first name, the word \\\"and,\\\" the woman's first name, and their last name.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write each partner’s full name and title for a more modern style.\", \"描述\": \"The modern approach is listing each partner separately, even if they have the same last name. Precede each partner with “Mr.” or “Mrs.”, then list their full name. For example, “Mr. Alejandro Hernandez and Mrs. Tatiana Hernandez.”\\nTo save room, it’s also acceptable to list them as “Mr. Alejandro and Mrs. Tatiana Hernandez.”\\nThis also covers the possibility that the husband and wife have different last names, which is growing more common. Simply list each partner separately with their full title.\\nSome brides hyphenate their last name to keep their maiden name but include their husband’s name as well. In this case, follow the same procedure and list each partner by their full name, like with “Mr. Brian Jackson and Mrs. Tiffany Brown-Jackson.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"List the person that you’re closest to first if you don't know the couple equally.\", \"描述\": \"While it’s traditional to list the husband first on official invitations, it’s now appropriate to order the couple based on who you’re closer to. If you’re inviting your friend Sarah and her husband Chris, then the invitation can read, “Mrs. Sarah Rossi and Mr. Chris Rossi.” Use this style if you’re not grouping the husband and wife’s names.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Print each partner’s full name and title for a same-sex couple.\", \"描述\": \"Address invitations to same-sex couples the same way you’d address them to opposite-sex couples listed separately. Begin each partner with their proper title, followed by their full name.\\nIf the couple was Adam and Bruce Acheson, then address the envelope as “Mr. Adam and Mr. Bruce Acheson.” Use the same format for women, but with the title “Mrs.”\\nAlso list a same-sex couple starting with the partner that you’re closest with. If you’re equally close to them, then just go in alphabetical order.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use the preferred pronouns for trans or non-binary people.\", \"描述\": \"List trans or non-binary couples the same way that you’d list other couples, just with their preferred pronouns. Follow the pronoun with their full name.\\nSome trans people also change their first name to match their gender identity. In this case, make sure you use their adopted name rather than their birth name.\\nSome non-binary people prefer “Mx.” for their title as a gender-neutral term.\\nIf you aren’t sure about correct pronouns, you can always contact the couple and ask what they prefer. They’ll appreciate your inquiry and effort to include them.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Write out the complete address without using any abbreviations.\", \"描述\": \"With both names and addresses, don’t use abbreviations on wedding invites. Spell out the whole address, without special signs or abbreviations.\\nFor example, if an address is “152 7th Ave.,” write it out as “152 Seventh Avenue.” You can still use numerals for the house or apartment number is it's greater than 20. If it's less than 20, write it out as well.\\nAlso write out state names in full, rather than using abbreviations. Write “California” instead of “CA,” for example.\\nLimit your invitations to 1 per household. If you're offering a plated meal at your wedding, include as many meal cards as household members.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing the Inner Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Send an inner envelope if you want to be more traditional.\", \"描述\": \"Inner envelopes are optional. The point is providing the invited couple with a fresh, clean envelope for display if the outer envelope gets damaged. If you want to provide a more traditional feeling, then send an inner envelope.\\nThe inner envelope is less formal than the front one and doesn't need any mailing information. Just include the couple's named, properly filled out.\\nIf you don't feel strongly about including an inner envelope, then you'll probably save money by leaving it out.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use first names on the inner envelope if you’re close to the couple.\", \"描述\": \"The inner envelope on wedding invitations is less formal than the front. If you know the couple well, then just use first names there, like “Michael and Kim,” rather than their proper titles. Also list them in the order that you listed them on the front envelope.\\nIf you have a family relationship with the couple, you can use it on the inner envelope. For example, “Uncle Pat and Aunt Rosa.”\\nIf you’re not as close with the couple, then simple use “Mr. and Mrs.” for the inner envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include children on the inner envelope if they’re invited.\", \"描述\": \"Traditionally, the front envelope is only addressed to the parents. If you’re also inviting their children, then list them on the second line after their parents.\\nIf you’re being proper, then list the couple with their titles and last names, followed by the children. For example, “Mr. and Mrs. Dietrich, Sarah, John, and Shirley.” Otherwise, just use everyone’s first names.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Including Distinguished Titles\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"List the person with the distinguished title first.\", \"描述\": \"Whether a person is a doctor, military member, judge, or another title, the partner with a title socially “outranks” the other. List them first, regardless of gender.\\nIf both partners have a distinguished title, then list the person that you’re closest to first.\\nThe most common distinguished titles are Doctor or military ranks. Other titles are “The Honorable” for judges, “Reverend,” or “Professor.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spell out titles without abbreviations.\", \"描述\": \"Just like with addresses, the professional title shouldn’t contain abbreviations. Spell out the titles entirely on the front envelope. If you have an inner envelope, you can abbreviate the titles there.\\nIf the titles and names are too long for one line, make a new line for the second partner and indent it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Order military service members according to their rank.\", \"描述\": \"If both partners are in the military but have different ranks, list them according to their rank, regardless of gender. For example, if one partner is a Lieutenant and one is a Colonel, the Colonel is listed first. Make the invitation out to “Colonel Rachael Jones and Lieutenant Alex Jones.”\\nIt’s easy to find out which rank is higher. Just do an internet search for military ranks to find out.\\nIf the partners share the same rank, then list them based on who you’re closest with.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make the title plural if both partners have the same one.\", \"描述\": \"It’s common for some couples to share a title, like if both are doctors. In this case, you can make the title “Doctors” and list each partner’s full name after.\\nIn a couple with 2 doctors, for example, write the card as, “Doctors Michael Sherman and Erica Sherman.”\\nThis works for couples with the same military ranks as well. For example, \\\"Sergeants Eric and Kaitlin Strasser.\\\"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Always invite the spouse of a wedding attendee, even if you don’t know them. If one of your guests is in a relationship but not married, then you can use your discretion. It’s traditional to invite the partner if you’re close to that person or they have been together for a long time.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,245 | How to Address a Business Envelope Effectively | 1. Steps
1-1. Select plain colored envelopes.
Avoid using fancy envelopes when it concerns a business transaction, or any other official transaction such as writing to government or a court.
1-2. Use black or blue pen only.
Stick with the regulation pens if you are writing directly onto the envelope. Other colors are distracting and suggest a lack of professionalism that can hold things up in someone's in-tray.
1-3. Aim to print out a label rather than address it by hand.
Printed labels are easier to read and look instantly professional. It isn't essential but if you have messy handwriting, it is prudent! When printing, use Times New Roman, Geneva, Verdana type fonts. Avoid using any fancy fonts that make it harder to read (both to the human eye and to postal scanning machines).
1-4. In the address, remember to include the correct "attention to" details.
Using "ATTN:" or "Attention" highlights the precise person who is supposed to read your mail. If you don't have an exact name, write down the position name. This notation should be added prior to the street address of the recipient.
1-5. Write out the address in full.
To avoid any errors, make no assumptions that those reading the address know what your abbreviations mean. Moreover, don't even assume that common abbreviations are as common as you think! Spell out State names, town names, people's names, to be certain.
1-6. Check with USPS (or your local mail carrier) to validate the address.
To avoid any errors, use tools to verify and normalize the address for the fastest possible delivery. Spell out the names of towns and recipients, to be certain.
1-7. Place the address in the center of the envelope.
Use a block setting and keep the address centered as much as possible, leaving space below, above and to the sides of the address block.
1-8. Add your return details.
This is crucial for return if anything goes wrong during delivery. Write your return details clearly, or use a sticky label that has been pre-printed with your address details. Use the appropriate address for return – consider whether it should be your home address, a work address, a business address, etc. In North America, place this return address on the top left-hand corner of the envelope (your left when looking at the envelope). In other countries, it is more common for individuals to place the return address on the other side of the envelope, about where the envelope is sealed, although companies tend to prefer the front corner style.
Tips
Place important additions under the reply address block on the front of the envelope, or in the upper corner opposite to the stamp. Use capitals for such additions. Examples of these include:
TO:
FROM:
CONFIDENTIAL
FOR RECIPIENT ONLY
IN CONFIDENCE
REPLY ASAP/IMMEDIATELY
URGENT
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Select plain colored envelopes.\\nAvoid using fancy envelopes when it concerns a business transaction, or any other official transaction such as writing to government or a court.\\n1-2. Use black or blue pen only.\\nStick with the regulation pens if you are writing directly onto the envelope. Other colors are distracting and suggest a lack of professionalism that can hold things up in someone's in-tray.\\n1-3. Aim to print out a label rather than address it by hand.\\nPrinted labels are easier to read and look instantly professional. It isn't essential but if you have messy handwriting, it is prudent! When printing, use Times New Roman, Geneva, Verdana type fonts. Avoid using any fancy fonts that make it harder to read (both to the human eye and to postal scanning machines).\\n1-4. In the address, remember to include the correct \\\"attention to\\\" details.\\nUsing \\\"ATTN:\\\" or \\\"Attention\\\" highlights the precise person who is supposed to read your mail. If you don't have an exact name, write down the position name. This notation should be added prior to the street address of the recipient.\\n1-5. Write out the address in full.\\nTo avoid any errors, make no assumptions that those reading the address know what your abbreviations mean. Moreover, don't even assume that common abbreviations are as common as you think! Spell out State names, town names, people's names, to be certain.\\n1-6. Check with USPS (or your local mail carrier) to validate the address.\\nTo avoid any errors, use tools to verify and normalize the address for the fastest possible delivery. Spell out the names of towns and recipients, to be certain.\\n1-7. Place the address in the center of the envelope.\\nUse a block setting and keep the address centered as much as possible, leaving space below, above and to the sides of the address block.\\n1-8. Add your return details.\\nThis is crucial for return if anything goes wrong during delivery. Write your return details clearly, or use a sticky label that has been pre-printed with your address details. Use the appropriate address for return – consider whether it should be your home address, a work address, a business address, etc. In North America, place this return address on the top left-hand corner of the envelope (your left when looking at the envelope). In other countries, it is more common for individuals to place the return address on the other side of the envelope, about where the envelope is sealed, although companies tend to prefer the front corner style.\\nTips\\nPlace important additions under the reply address block on the front of the envelope, or in the upper corner opposite to the stamp. Use capitals for such additions. Examples of these include:\\n\\nTO:\\nFROM:\\nCONFIDENTIAL\\nFOR RECIPIENT ONLY\\nIN CONFIDENCE\\nREPLY ASAP/IMMEDIATELY\\nURGENT\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you want your mail to get to the recipient promptly and accurately, you can do a lot to help at your end of creating the mail. A properly addressed envelope makes everyone's life easy and helps ensure that the item reaches the person it should reach, in record time.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Select plain colored envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"Avoid using fancy envelopes when it concerns a business transaction, or any other official transaction such as writing to government or a court.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use black or blue pen only.\", \"描述\": \"Stick with the regulation pens if you are writing directly onto the envelope. Other colors are distracting and suggest a lack of professionalism that can hold things up in someone's in-tray.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Aim to print out a label rather than address it by hand.\", \"描述\": \"Printed labels are easier to read and look instantly professional. It isn't essential but if you have messy handwriting, it is prudent! When printing, use Times New Roman, Geneva, Verdana type fonts. Avoid using any fancy fonts that make it harder to read (both to the human eye and to postal scanning machines).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"In the address, remember to include the correct \\\"attention to\\\" details.\", \"描述\": \"Using \\\"ATTN:\\\" or \\\"Attention\\\" highlights the precise person who is supposed to read your mail. If you don't have an exact name, write down the position name. This notation should be added prior to the street address of the recipient.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write out the address in full.\", \"描述\": \"To avoid any errors, make no assumptions that those reading the address know what your abbreviations mean. Moreover, don't even assume that common abbreviations are as common as you think! Spell out State names, town names, people's names, to be certain.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Check with USPS (or your local mail carrier) to validate the address.\", \"描述\": \"To avoid any errors, use tools to verify and normalize the address for the fastest possible delivery. Spell out the names of towns and recipients, to be certain.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Place the address in the center of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Use a block setting and keep the address centered as much as possible, leaving space below, above and to the sides of the address block.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Add your return details.\", \"描述\": \"This is crucial for return if anything goes wrong during delivery. Write your return details clearly, or use a sticky label that has been pre-printed with your address details. Use the appropriate address for return – consider whether it should be your home address, a work address, a business address, etc. In North America, place this return address on the top left-hand corner of the envelope (your left when looking at the envelope). In other countries, it is more common for individuals to place the return address on the other side of the envelope, about where the envelope is sealed, although companies tend to prefer the front corner style.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Place important additions under the reply address block on the front of the envelope, or in the upper corner opposite to the stamp. Use capitals for such additions. Examples of these include:\\n\\nTO:\\nFROM:\\nCONFIDENTIAL\\nFOR RECIPIENT ONLY\\nIN CONFIDENCE\\nREPLY ASAP/IMMEDIATELY\\nURGENT\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,246 | How to Address a Business Letter | 1. Formatting Your Envelope
1-1. Increase the size of your font.
The letters on an envelope should be clearly legible at arm's length. If you're typing your envelope, this may mean that you need to increase the font size accordingly.
If you're writing your letter, make sure to use ink that won't smear if the envelope gets wet. Ballpoint pens typically work well. Don't use a pencil.
1-2. Use capital letters without punctuation.
Proper formatting for envelope lettering requires you to write or type in all caps without any periods or commas. This doesn't mean you have to spell out every word – you can still use standard postal abbreviations such as "Dr" for "Drive."
If you're not familiar with standard postal abbreviations, check the website of your country's postal service for a guide. The US Postal Service's guide to street suffix abbreviations can be found at https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apc_002.htm.
1-3. Place your return address in the upper left-hand corner.
Leave enough space along the edge of the envelope, provide a complete return address. Each line should be left-justified.
Start with your full legal name on the top line. It isn't necessary to include a job title unless it would help direct the returned letter back to you.
Put the street address, including any suite number or office information, on the second line.
Your city and state or province, along with the postal code, should go on the third line. Use standard postal abbreviations for your state or province. Since you're not supposed to use any punctuation, don't put a comma between the city and state or province.
If your letter is international, put the name of your country on the final line of the return address.
1-4. Put the recipient's address in the middle-right of the envelope.
The recipient's address should be roughly centered in the middle two-thirds of the envelope, with each line left-justified directly beneath each other. If you're using a word-processing app, look for an envelope template and it should automatically set this correctly for you.
2. Addressing Your Envelope
2-1. Start with the recipient's name.
Include the recipient's full legal name. If you include initials, remember not to add a period after the initial – just a single space. Any additional information about the recipient, such as a job title, that would enable the letters get to them more efficiently, should go on a second line.
2-2. Type the recipient's exact street address.
Include a full legal address, including a street number, for the building where the recipient is located. It can be a good idea to check the mailing address on the postal service website of the country where the building is located.
Any other information that will help direct the letter within the building, such as a suite or office number, should be included on the same line.
2-3. Include the city, state or province, and postal code.
When typing or writing the city, state or province, and postal code, do not use any punctuation. Although you would normally put a comma between the city and state in writing, this isn't necessary on the envelope.
Normally you will have a single space between each word or set of numbers. Note that if you're sending your letter to Canada, there is an exception. For Canadian mail, put two spaces between the abbreviation for the province and the postal code.
2-4. Use the last line for the country's name.
If you're sending an international letter, the last line of the recipient's address should be reserved exclusively for the country where the recipient is located. Write out the full name of the country, not an abbreviation.
For example, if you're sending a letter to someone in London, you would write "GREAT BRITAIN" on the last line – not "U.K." or "G.B."
2-5. Add translations for languages without Roman characters.
If you are sending an international letter and have written the address using Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, or Russian characters, include an English translation.
If you don't know the English translation, you should at least include the foreign-language words in Roman characters.
3. Addressing Your Letter
3-1. Place your address at the top of your letter.
You may have letterhead that includes your name and address in a banner that prints along the top of the letter. If not, you should type your full address in either the top-left or top-right corner of the page.
Each of the lines should be left-justified. Include any additional information, such as your job title, that is relevant to the subject of the letter or will help the recipient more easily identify you.
3-2. List the name of the recipient with the appropriate courtesy title.
After your address and the date line, double-space and begin the address of the recipient by listing their full name and any legal or courtesy title, such as "Mr.," "Ms.," or "Dr."
For medical doctors, it is appropriate to use either "Dr." before the name, or "M.D." after their name, but don't use both. For example: "Dr. Jan White" or "Jan White, M.D."
Leave off gendered courtesy titles such as "Mr." or "Ms." if the recipient has a gender-neutral name, or if you're unsure about their gender identity.
3-3. Provide the recipient's job title.
Use the job title that correctly corresponds to the purpose of your letter. If the recipient's job title is irrelevant to your letter, or you're writing to them personally, you may choose to leave the job title out.
Including the job title means you're addressing the recipient in that capacity. For example, if someone is both President and CEO of a company, you may address them as President, as CEO, or as both.
3-4. Include the name of the business.
Following the recipient's name and any job titles, move down to the next line and type the full legal name of the business. Check the website or business publications to make sure you get the exact name.
Words such as "corporation" should only be abbreviated if they are done so in the legal name of the business.
Capitalize and space words exactly as they are done in the business's legal name, including any special characters. For example, if the recipient works at Yahoo, write the business name on your letter address as "Yahoo!", which is the registered legal name of the business.
3-5. Write out the recipient's address.
On the next lines, provide the street address, suite or office number, and other address information completely written out with no abbreviations and correct punctuation.
Use numerals for street numbers, unless the street number is part of the name of the building, such as "One Town Plaza."
Spell out the full name of the city, then place a comma, then type out the full name of the state or province and the postal code.
If it's an international letter, include the full name of the country on the last line.
3-6. Double space before starting your letter.
While the address itself typically should be single-spaced, you'll want to include a blank line before writing the salutation. Then double-space again before the body of the letter.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Formatting Your Envelope\\n1-1. Increase the size of your font.\\nThe letters on an envelope should be clearly legible at arm's length. If you're typing your envelope, this may mean that you need to increase the font size accordingly.\\nIf you're writing your letter, make sure to use ink that won't smear if the envelope gets wet. Ballpoint pens typically work well. Don't use a pencil.\\n1-2. Use capital letters without punctuation.\\nProper formatting for envelope lettering requires you to write or type in all caps without any periods or commas. This doesn't mean you have to spell out every word – you can still use standard postal abbreviations such as \\\"Dr\\\" for \\\"Drive.\\\"\\nIf you're not familiar with standard postal abbreviations, check the website of your country's postal service for a guide. The US Postal Service's guide to street suffix abbreviations can be found at https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apc_002.htm.\\n1-3. Place your return address in the upper left-hand corner.\\nLeave enough space along the edge of the envelope, provide a complete return address. Each line should be left-justified.\\nStart with your full legal name on the top line. It isn't necessary to include a job title unless it would help direct the returned letter back to you.\\nPut the street address, including any suite number or office information, on the second line.\\nYour city and state or province, along with the postal code, should go on the third line. Use standard postal abbreviations for your state or province. Since you're not supposed to use any punctuation, don't put a comma between the city and state or province.\\nIf your letter is international, put the name of your country on the final line of the return address.\\n1-4. Put the recipient's address in the middle-right of the envelope.\\nThe recipient's address should be roughly centered in the middle two-thirds of the envelope, with each line left-justified directly beneath each other. If you're using a word-processing app, look for an envelope template and it should automatically set this correctly for you.\\n2. Addressing Your Envelope\\n2-1. Start with the recipient's name.\\nInclude the recipient's full legal name. If you include initials, remember not to add a period after the initial – just a single space. Any additional information about the recipient, such as a job title, that would enable the letters get to them more efficiently, should go on a second line.\\n2-2. Type the recipient's exact street address.\\nInclude a full legal address, including a street number, for the building where the recipient is located. It can be a good idea to check the mailing address on the postal service website of the country where the building is located.\\nAny other information that will help direct the letter within the building, such as a suite or office number, should be included on the same line.\\n2-3. Include the city, state or province, and postal code.\\nWhen typing or writing the city, state or province, and postal code, do not use any punctuation. Although you would normally put a comma between the city and state in writing, this isn't necessary on the envelope.\\nNormally you will have a single space between each word or set of numbers. Note that if you're sending your letter to Canada, there is an exception. For Canadian mail, put two spaces between the abbreviation for the province and the postal code.\\n2-4. Use the last line for the country's name.\\nIf you're sending an international letter, the last line of the recipient's address should be reserved exclusively for the country where the recipient is located. Write out the full name of the country, not an abbreviation.\\nFor example, if you're sending a letter to someone in London, you would write \\\"GREAT BRITAIN\\\" on the last line – not \\\"U.K.\\\" or \\\"G.B.\\\"\\n2-5. Add translations for languages without Roman characters.\\nIf you are sending an international letter and have written the address using Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, or Russian characters, include an English translation.\\nIf you don't know the English translation, you should at least include the foreign-language words in Roman characters.\\n3. Addressing Your Letter\\n3-1. Place your address at the top of your letter.\\nYou may have letterhead that includes your name and address in a banner that prints along the top of the letter. If not, you should type your full address in either the top-left or top-right corner of the page.\\nEach of the lines should be left-justified. Include any additional information, such as your job title, that is relevant to the subject of the letter or will help the recipient more easily identify you.\\n3-2. List the name of the recipient with the appropriate courtesy title.\\nAfter your address and the date line, double-space and begin the address of the recipient by listing their full name and any legal or courtesy title, such as \\\"Mr.,\\\" \\\"Ms.,\\\" or \\\"Dr.\\\"\\nFor medical doctors, it is appropriate to use either \\\"Dr.\\\" before the name, or \\\"M.D.\\\" after their name, but don't use both. For example: \\\"Dr. Jan White\\\" or \\\"Jan White, M.D.\\\"\\nLeave off gendered courtesy titles such as \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" if the recipient has a gender-neutral name, or if you're unsure about their gender identity.\\n3-3. Provide the recipient's job title.\\nUse the job title that correctly corresponds to the purpose of your letter. If the recipient's job title is irrelevant to your letter, or you're writing to them personally, you may choose to leave the job title out.\\nIncluding the job title means you're addressing the recipient in that capacity. For example, if someone is both President and CEO of a company, you may address them as President, as CEO, or as both.\\n3-4. Include the name of the business.\\nFollowing the recipient's name and any job titles, move down to the next line and type the full legal name of the business. Check the website or business publications to make sure you get the exact name.\\nWords such as \\\"corporation\\\" should only be abbreviated if they are done so in the legal name of the business.\\nCapitalize and space words exactly as they are done in the business's legal name, including any special characters. For example, if the recipient works at Yahoo, write the business name on your letter address as \\\"Yahoo!\\\", which is the registered legal name of the business.\\n3-5. Write out the recipient's address.\\nOn the next lines, provide the street address, suite or office number, and other address information completely written out with no abbreviations and correct punctuation.\\nUse numerals for street numbers, unless the street number is part of the name of the building, such as \\\"One Town Plaza.\\\"\\nSpell out the full name of the city, then place a comma, then type out the full name of the state or province and the postal code.\\nIf it's an international letter, include the full name of the country on the last line.\\n3-6. Double space before starting your letter.\\nWhile the address itself typically should be single-spaced, you'll want to include a blank line before writing the salutation. Then double-space again before the body of the letter.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When you write and mail a formal business letter, the address of the recipient will appear in two places – on the outside of the envelope and at the top of the letter. These two addresses may differ slightly in the way they are formatted. Addressing your letter properly ensures your letter will be received in a timely manner.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Formatting Your Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Increase the size of your font.\", \"描述\": \"The letters on an envelope should be clearly legible at arm's length. If you're typing your envelope, this may mean that you need to increase the font size accordingly.\\nIf you're writing your letter, make sure to use ink that won't smear if the envelope gets wet. Ballpoint pens typically work well. Don't use a pencil.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use capital letters without punctuation.\", \"描述\": \"Proper formatting for envelope lettering requires you to write or type in all caps without any periods or commas. This doesn't mean you have to spell out every word – you can still use standard postal abbreviations such as \\\"Dr\\\" for \\\"Drive.\\\"\\nIf you're not familiar with standard postal abbreviations, check the website of your country's postal service for a guide. The US Postal Service's guide to street suffix abbreviations can be found at https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apc_002.htm.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place your return address in the upper left-hand corner.\", \"描述\": \"Leave enough space along the edge of the envelope, provide a complete return address. Each line should be left-justified.\\nStart with your full legal name on the top line. It isn't necessary to include a job title unless it would help direct the returned letter back to you.\\nPut the street address, including any suite number or office information, on the second line.\\nYour city and state or province, along with the postal code, should go on the third line. Use standard postal abbreviations for your state or province. Since you're not supposed to use any punctuation, don't put a comma between the city and state or province.\\nIf your letter is international, put the name of your country on the final line of the return address.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put the recipient's address in the middle-right of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"The recipient's address should be roughly centered in the middle two-thirds of the envelope, with each line left-justified directly beneath each other. If you're using a word-processing app, look for an envelope template and it should automatically set this correctly for you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing Your Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start with the recipient's name.\", \"描述\": \"Include the recipient's full legal name. If you include initials, remember not to add a period after the initial – just a single space. Any additional information about the recipient, such as a job title, that would enable the letters get to them more efficiently, should go on a second line.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Type the recipient's exact street address.\", \"描述\": \"Include a full legal address, including a street number, for the building where the recipient is located. It can be a good idea to check the mailing address on the postal service website of the country where the building is located.\\nAny other information that will help direct the letter within the building, such as a suite or office number, should be included on the same line.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include the city, state or province, and postal code.\", \"描述\": \"When typing or writing the city, state or province, and postal code, do not use any punctuation. Although you would normally put a comma between the city and state in writing, this isn't necessary on the envelope.\\nNormally you will have a single space between each word or set of numbers. Note that if you're sending your letter to Canada, there is an exception. For Canadian mail, put two spaces between the abbreviation for the province and the postal code.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use the last line for the country's name.\", \"描述\": \"If you're sending an international letter, the last line of the recipient's address should be reserved exclusively for the country where the recipient is located. Write out the full name of the country, not an abbreviation.\\nFor example, if you're sending a letter to someone in London, you would write \\\"GREAT BRITAIN\\\" on the last line – not \\\"U.K.\\\" or \\\"G.B.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add translations for languages without Roman characters.\", \"描述\": \"If you are sending an international letter and have written the address using Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, or Russian characters, include an English translation.\\nIf you don't know the English translation, you should at least include the foreign-language words in Roman characters.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing Your Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Place your address at the top of your letter.\", \"描述\": \"You may have letterhead that includes your name and address in a banner that prints along the top of the letter. If not, you should type your full address in either the top-left or top-right corner of the page.\\nEach of the lines should be left-justified. Include any additional information, such as your job title, that is relevant to the subject of the letter or will help the recipient more easily identify you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"List the name of the recipient with the appropriate courtesy title.\", \"描述\": \"After your address and the date line, double-space and begin the address of the recipient by listing their full name and any legal or courtesy title, such as \\\"Mr.,\\\" \\\"Ms.,\\\" or \\\"Dr.\\\"\\nFor medical doctors, it is appropriate to use either \\\"Dr.\\\" before the name, or \\\"M.D.\\\" after their name, but don't use both. For example: \\\"Dr. Jan White\\\" or \\\"Jan White, M.D.\\\"\\nLeave off gendered courtesy titles such as \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" if the recipient has a gender-neutral name, or if you're unsure about their gender identity.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Provide the recipient's job title.\", \"描述\": \"Use the job title that correctly corresponds to the purpose of your letter. If the recipient's job title is irrelevant to your letter, or you're writing to them personally, you may choose to leave the job title out.\\nIncluding the job title means you're addressing the recipient in that capacity. For example, if someone is both President and CEO of a company, you may address them as President, as CEO, or as both.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Include the name of the business.\", \"描述\": \"Following the recipient's name and any job titles, move down to the next line and type the full legal name of the business. Check the website or business publications to make sure you get the exact name.\\nWords such as \\\"corporation\\\" should only be abbreviated if they are done so in the legal name of the business.\\nCapitalize and space words exactly as they are done in the business's legal name, including any special characters. For example, if the recipient works at Yahoo, write the business name on your letter address as \\\"Yahoo!\\\", which is the registered legal name of the business.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write out the recipient's address.\", \"描述\": \"On the next lines, provide the street address, suite or office number, and other address information completely written out with no abbreviations and correct punctuation.\\nUse numerals for street numbers, unless the street number is part of the name of the building, such as \\\"One Town Plaza.\\\"\\nSpell out the full name of the city, then place a comma, then type out the full name of the state or province and the postal code.\\nIf it's an international letter, include the full name of the country on the last line.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Double space before starting your letter.\", \"描述\": \"While the address itself typically should be single-spaced, you'll want to include a blank line before writing the salutation. Then double-space again before the body of the letter.\"}]}]}}",
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1,247 | How to Address a Catholic Bishop | 1. Writing to a Bishop
1-1. Address them as "Most Reverend" followed by their full name.
When writing to a bishop, you’ll want to use the most formal mode of address. Church etiquette dictates that you should use the form “Most Reverend,” followed by the bishop’s first name and last name.
For instance, if you are writing to bishop Alastair Booneswyth, the header of your letter should read “Most Reverend Alastair Booneswyth.”
In Great Britain, it is common to refer to Bishops as "The Right Reverend."
1-2. Follow the formal address with their title and parish name.
Include the word "bishop," and then write their location. Write this out on the envelope when you address it, and also use it as a header at the top of the letter itself. When you're done, it should look something like:
”Most Reverend Alastair Booneswyth, Bishop of Rockville.”
1-3. Include a polite salutation.
When writing to them you should use a proper greeting. “Your Excellency” will always work, but if you know the bishop personally, you can also greet them with “Dear…” Follow the salutation with the bishops’ last name.
For instance, either “Your Excellency, Bishop Booneswyth” or “Dear Bishop Booneswyth” can work, depending on how well you know the bishop.
1-4. Conclude the letter with a graceful closing.
The phrase “Respectfully yours in Christ” will work in any case. Add this to the end of your letter, then sign your name.
1-5. Address an archbishop in strictly formal terms.
Archbishops hold higher office, so it is even more important to follow proper etiquette. Overall, the guidelines are much the same as addressing a bishop, with a few variations:
Use “His Excellency” as a header (“His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis”).
Add “Archbishop” or “Apostolic nuncio to…” to his title (“His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis, Archbishop of Dunkirk” or “His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis, Apostolic nuncio to Dunkirk”).
Use a salutation like “Your Excellency, Archbishop Tallis” or “Dear Archbishop Tallis.”
The same closing, “Respectfully yours in Christ,” will work just fine.
2. Speaking with a Bishop or Archbishop
2-1. Greet them as "Your Excellency" followed by their last name.
In speaking, as in writing, you should address a bishop or archbishop honorably. Using the phrase “Your Excellency” followed by the bishop's last name is good etiquette. For instance, you could try something like “Your Excellency, Bishop Kirkland? I was wondering if you’d be joining us for the community supper on Saturday.”
2-2. Familiarize yourself with regional variations.
The Catholic Church officially recommends its standard greetings, and they are always acceptable. However, in some areas, exceptions to these recommendations are also ok. For instance, British speakers may address a bishop or archbishop as “Your Grace” rather than “Your Excellency.”
If you aren’t sure if there are any exceptions in your area, ask some of your fellow churchgoers.
2-3. Use formal titles when chatting with bishops and archbishops.
Even though you are expected to use formal modes of address, this doesn’t mean you can’t have an everyday conversation with Catholic leaders. Just make sure to address them respectfully, and they’ll be happy to talk to you.
For instance, start a conversation with “Your Excellency, how are you today?” or “Bishop Sethwynd, how was your week?”
| {
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Writing to a Bishop\\n1-1. Address them as \\\"Most Reverend\\\" followed by their full name.\\nWhen writing to a bishop, you’ll want to use the most formal mode of address. Church etiquette dictates that you should use the form “Most Reverend,” followed by the bishop’s first name and last name.\\nFor instance, if you are writing to bishop Alastair Booneswyth, the header of your letter should read “Most Reverend Alastair Booneswyth.”\\nIn Great Britain, it is common to refer to Bishops as \\\"The Right Reverend.\\\"\\n1-2. Follow the formal address with their title and parish name.\\nInclude the word \\\"bishop,\\\" and then write their location. Write this out on the envelope when you address it, and also use it as a header at the top of the letter itself. When you're done, it should look something like:\\n”Most Reverend Alastair Booneswyth, Bishop of Rockville.”\\n1-3. Include a polite salutation.\\nWhen writing to them you should use a proper greeting. “Your Excellency” will always work, but if you know the bishop personally, you can also greet them with “Dear…” Follow the salutation with the bishops’ last name.\\nFor instance, either “Your Excellency, Bishop Booneswyth” or “Dear Bishop Booneswyth” can work, depending on how well you know the bishop.\\n1-4. Conclude the letter with a graceful closing.\\nThe phrase “Respectfully yours in Christ” will work in any case. Add this to the end of your letter, then sign your name.\\n1-5. Address an archbishop in strictly formal terms.\\nArchbishops hold higher office, so it is even more important to follow proper etiquette. Overall, the guidelines are much the same as addressing a bishop, with a few variations:\\nUse “His Excellency” as a header (“His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis”).\\nAdd “Archbishop” or “Apostolic nuncio to…” to his title (“His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis, Archbishop of Dunkirk” or “His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis, Apostolic nuncio to Dunkirk”).\\nUse a salutation like “Your Excellency, Archbishop Tallis” or “Dear Archbishop Tallis.”\\nThe same closing, “Respectfully yours in Christ,” will work just fine.\\n2. Speaking with a Bishop or Archbishop\\n2-1. Greet them as \\\"Your Excellency\\\" followed by their last name.\\nIn speaking, as in writing, you should address a bishop or archbishop honorably. Using the phrase “Your Excellency” followed by the bishop's last name is good etiquette. For instance, you could try something like “Your Excellency, Bishop Kirkland? I was wondering if you’d be joining us for the community supper on Saturday.”\\n2-2. Familiarize yourself with regional variations.\\nThe Catholic Church officially recommends its standard greetings, and they are always acceptable. However, in some areas, exceptions to these recommendations are also ok. For instance, British speakers may address a bishop or archbishop as “Your Grace” rather than “Your Excellency.”\\nIf you aren’t sure if there are any exceptions in your area, ask some of your fellow churchgoers.\\n2-3. Use formal titles when chatting with bishops and archbishops.\\nEven though you are expected to use formal modes of address, this doesn’t mean you can’t have an everyday conversation with Catholic leaders. Just make sure to address them respectfully, and they’ll be happy to talk to you.\\nFor instance, start a conversation with “Your Excellency, how are you today?” or “Bishop Sethwynd, how was your week?”\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have to write a letter to a bishop, you might stumble at the first line. Likewise, you might want to greet a bishop at church, but are afraid of being disrespectful. While it’s true that there are formal guidelines for how to address a bishop or archbishop, they’re not that difficult. Once you learn a couple of basic forms to use, it will all feel quite natural. When in doubt, just say “Your Excellency,” followed by their title (bishop or archbishop) and last name.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing to a Bishop\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address them as \\\"Most Reverend\\\" followed by their full name.\", \"描述\": \"When writing to a bishop, you’ll want to use the most formal mode of address. Church etiquette dictates that you should use the form “Most Reverend,” followed by the bishop’s first name and last name.\\nFor instance, if you are writing to bishop Alastair Booneswyth, the header of your letter should read “Most Reverend Alastair Booneswyth.”\\nIn Great Britain, it is common to refer to Bishops as \\\"The Right Reverend.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow the formal address with their title and parish name.\", \"描述\": \"Include the word \\\"bishop,\\\" and then write their location. Write this out on the envelope when you address it, and also use it as a header at the top of the letter itself. When you're done, it should look something like:\\n”Most Reverend Alastair Booneswyth, Bishop of Rockville.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include a polite salutation.\", \"描述\": \"When writing to them you should use a proper greeting. “Your Excellency” will always work, but if you know the bishop personally, you can also greet them with “Dear…” Follow the salutation with the bishops’ last name.\\nFor instance, either “Your Excellency, Bishop Booneswyth” or “Dear Bishop Booneswyth” can work, depending on how well you know the bishop.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Conclude the letter with a graceful closing.\", \"描述\": \"The phrase “Respectfully yours in Christ” will work in any case. Add this to the end of your letter, then sign your name.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Address an archbishop in strictly formal terms.\", \"描述\": \"Archbishops hold higher office, so it is even more important to follow proper etiquette. Overall, the guidelines are much the same as addressing a bishop, with a few variations:\\nUse “His Excellency” as a header (“His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis”).\\nAdd “Archbishop” or “Apostolic nuncio to…” to his title (“His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis, Archbishop of Dunkirk” or “His Excellency, The Most Reverend Thomas Tallis, Apostolic nuncio to Dunkirk”).\\nUse a salutation like “Your Excellency, Archbishop Tallis” or “Dear Archbishop Tallis.”\\nThe same closing, “Respectfully yours in Christ,” will work just fine.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Speaking with a Bishop or Archbishop\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Greet them as \\\"Your Excellency\\\" followed by their last name.\", \"描述\": \"In speaking, as in writing, you should address a bishop or archbishop honorably. Using the phrase “Your Excellency” followed by the bishop's last name is good etiquette. For instance, you could try something like “Your Excellency, Bishop Kirkland? I was wondering if you’d be joining us for the community supper on Saturday.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with regional variations.\", \"描述\": \"The Catholic Church officially recommends its standard greetings, and they are always acceptable. However, in some areas, exceptions to these recommendations are also ok. For instance, British speakers may address a bishop or archbishop as “Your Grace” rather than “Your Excellency.”\\nIf you aren’t sure if there are any exceptions in your area, ask some of your fellow churchgoers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use formal titles when chatting with bishops and archbishops.\", \"描述\": \"Even though you are expected to use formal modes of address, this doesn’t mean you can’t have an everyday conversation with Catholic leaders. Just make sure to address them respectfully, and they’ll be happy to talk to you.\\nFor instance, start a conversation with “Your Excellency, how are you today?” or “Bishop Sethwynd, how was your week?”\"}]}]}}",
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1,248 | How to Address a Commissioner | 1. Government Commissioner
1-1. Call them “Commissioner” when you see them in person.
Don’t worry about any special honorifics when you’re in the middle of a conversation, like “The Honorable.” Use the prefix “Commissioner” and the person’s surname when you speak with them.
For instance, you can say something like, “Hello, Commissioner Brown! How are you today?”
If you’re talking about them in conversation, you’d say something like, “Commissioner Hall will be here shortly.”
1-2. Fill out an envelope with “The Honorable” if they were elected.
List out their full name, their position as Commissioner, and the organization or agency they preside over. Then, list out their full address.
For instance, you can write something like:The Honorable Glenn WilliamsCommissionerAdministration for Community Living300 Main StreetNew York, NY 12345
1-3. Use “Mr.
Unless the person was appointed by a very powerful person, like a president, governor, or other well-established leader, you don’t need to use “The Honorable” when filling out their address. Instead, list them with regular, civilian prefixes, along with their position and the agency that they work for.
For example, you’d write something like:Dr. Bailey TheoCommissionerAdvisory Council on Historic Preservation300 Main StreetNew York, NY 12345
1-4. Write “Dear Commissioner” and their last name as a salutation.
Don’t stress about sounding too formal or casual—with letter headers, “Dear” works perfectly fine as a salutation. Use “Commissioner” and their last name, and skip over their first name altogether.
For instance, you could start a letter with: “Dear Commissioner Wolsek.”
1-5. List the Commissioner first and their spouse second on an envelope.
Follow the same rules for addressing envelopes, but use a regular prefix for the Commissioner’s spouse. Then, write out the address as you normally would.
For instance, you’d address an elected Commissioner and their spouse as:The Honorable Charlie Davenport and Mrs. Davenport20 Oak LaneChicago, IL 12345
The mailing address for an appointed Commissioner would look like:Mr. Anthony Baker and Mrs. Caitlin Baker2000 Axel LaneWashington, DC 12345
2. Court Commissioner
2-1. Call them “Judge” if they’re an elected or appointed official.
Court Commissioners are essentially judges, and can be addressed as such. Just use the prefix “Judge” along with their last name whenever you speak to them.
For example, you can say something like, “Hello, Judge Brooks! It’s great to see you today.”
2-2. Refer to them as “Your Honor” if you’re in court where they’re presiding.
Play by the courtroom rules in a professional setting. Don’t worry about official titles—“Your Honor” works just fine, and is the usual protocol in a courtroom.
If a Court Commissioner is only visiting a courtroom but not leading the court proceedings, you don’t need to call them “Your Honor.”
Don’t use “sir” or “ma’am” in the courtroom—this is considered impolite.
2-3. Use “The Honorable” as a prefix when addressing an envelope.
List out the Court Commissioner’s full name, along with the court they preside over. Then, finish with the address.
For example, you could write something like:The Honorable Elizabeth A. CarnegieStafford County Courthouse340 Main StreetStafford, VA 12345
2-4. Write “Commissioner” and their last name in a letter salutation.
List out the person’s title and then their last name. Don’t worry about first names for your correspondence, since they aren’t necessary.
For example, “Dear Commissioner Haverford” would be a good letter or email salutation.
Tips
Members of a commission or sports commissioners don’t get any special prefixes. You can just call them “Commissioner” and write “Mr./Mrs./Mx./Dr.” and their last name along with their commission or agency on an envelope.[11]
X
Research source
The chairperson of a commission is typically called “Chairperson” instead of “Commissioner.”[12]
X
Research source
You can use different salutations for Police Commissioners, like “Mr./Madam Commissioner,” or “Commissioner Brown.” On an envelope, you’d write out their full name, along with a Mr./Ms. prefix, their official Commissioner title, their police department, and then the rest of their address.[13]
X
Research source
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Government Commissioner\\n1-1. Call them “Commissioner” when you see them in person.\\nDon’t worry about any special honorifics when you’re in the middle of a conversation, like “The Honorable.” Use the prefix “Commissioner” and the person’s surname when you speak with them.\\nFor instance, you can say something like, “Hello, Commissioner Brown! How are you today?”\\nIf you’re talking about them in conversation, you’d say something like, “Commissioner Hall will be here shortly.”\\n1-2. Fill out an envelope with “The Honorable” if they were elected.\\nList out their full name, their position as Commissioner, and the organization or agency they preside over. Then, list out their full address.\\nFor instance, you can write something like:The Honorable Glenn WilliamsCommissionerAdministration for Community Living300 Main StreetNew York, NY 12345\\n1-3. Use “Mr.\\nUnless the person was appointed by a very powerful person, like a president, governor, or other well-established leader, you don’t need to use “The Honorable” when filling out their address. Instead, list them with regular, civilian prefixes, along with their position and the agency that they work for.\\nFor example, you’d write something like:Dr. Bailey TheoCommissionerAdvisory Council on Historic Preservation300 Main StreetNew York, NY 12345\\n1-4. Write “Dear Commissioner” and their last name as a salutation.\\nDon’t stress about sounding too formal or casual—with letter headers, “Dear” works perfectly fine as a salutation. Use “Commissioner” and their last name, and skip over their first name altogether.\\nFor instance, you could start a letter with: “Dear Commissioner Wolsek.”\\n1-5. List the Commissioner first and their spouse second on an envelope.\\nFollow the same rules for addressing envelopes, but use a regular prefix for the Commissioner’s spouse. Then, write out the address as you normally would.\\nFor instance, you’d address an elected Commissioner and their spouse as:The Honorable Charlie Davenport and Mrs. Davenport20 Oak LaneChicago, IL 12345\\nThe mailing address for an appointed Commissioner would look like:Mr. Anthony Baker and Mrs. Caitlin Baker2000 Axel LaneWashington, DC 12345\\n2. Court Commissioner\\n2-1. Call them “Judge” if they’re an elected or appointed official.\\nCourt Commissioners are essentially judges, and can be addressed as such. Just use the prefix “Judge” along with their last name whenever you speak to them.\\nFor example, you can say something like, “Hello, Judge Brooks! It’s great to see you today.”\\n2-2. Refer to them as “Your Honor” if you’re in court where they’re presiding.\\nPlay by the courtroom rules in a professional setting. Don’t worry about official titles—“Your Honor” works just fine, and is the usual protocol in a courtroom.\\nIf a Court Commissioner is only visiting a courtroom but not leading the court proceedings, you don’t need to call them “Your Honor.”\\nDon’t use “sir” or “ma’am” in the courtroom—this is considered impolite.\\n2-3. Use “The Honorable” as a prefix when addressing an envelope.\\nList out the Court Commissioner’s full name, along with the court they preside over. Then, finish with the address.\\nFor example, you could write something like:The Honorable Elizabeth A. CarnegieStafford County Courthouse340 Main StreetStafford, VA 12345\\n2-4. Write “Commissioner” and their last name in a letter salutation.\\nList out the person’s title and then their last name. Don’t worry about first names for your correspondence, since they aren’t necessary.\\nFor example, “Dear Commissioner Haverford” would be a good letter or email salutation.\\nTips\\nMembers of a commission or sports commissioners don’t get any special prefixes. You can just call them “Commissioner” and write “Mr./Mrs./Mx./Dr.” and their last name along with their commission or agency on an envelope.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nThe chairperson of a commission is typically called “Chairperson” instead of “Commissioner.”[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nYou can use different salutations for Police Commissioners, like “Mr./Madam Commissioner,” or “Commissioner Brown.” On an envelope, you’d write out their full name, along with a Mr./Ms. prefix, their official Commissioner title, their police department, and then the rest of their address.[13]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Whether you're trying to contact a commissioner or you'll be seeing them in person, you're probably wondering how to properly address them. There’s no need to fear—most Commissioners, whether they're a county commissioner, state commissioner, or other type of commissioner, can be addressed with similar honorifics and prefixes. This guide will walk you through how to address both government and court commissioners.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Government Commissioner\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call them “Commissioner” when you see them in person.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t worry about any special honorifics when you’re in the middle of a conversation, like “The Honorable.” Use the prefix “Commissioner” and the person’s surname when you speak with them.\\nFor instance, you can say something like, “Hello, Commissioner Brown! How are you today?”\\nIf you’re talking about them in conversation, you’d say something like, “Commissioner Hall will be here shortly.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill out an envelope with “The Honorable” if they were elected.\", \"描述\": \"List out their full name, their position as Commissioner, and the organization or agency they preside over. Then, list out their full address.\\nFor instance, you can write something like:The Honorable Glenn WilliamsCommissionerAdministration for Community Living300 Main StreetNew York, NY 12345\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use “Mr.\", \"描述\": \"Unless the person was appointed by a very powerful person, like a president, governor, or other well-established leader, you don’t need to use “The Honorable” when filling out their address. Instead, list them with regular, civilian prefixes, along with their position and the agency that they work for.\\nFor example, you’d write something like:Dr. Bailey TheoCommissionerAdvisory Council on Historic Preservation300 Main StreetNew York, NY 12345\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write “Dear Commissioner” and their last name as a salutation.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t stress about sounding too formal or casual—with letter headers, “Dear” works perfectly fine as a salutation. Use “Commissioner” and their last name, and skip over their first name altogether.\\nFor instance, you could start a letter with: “Dear Commissioner Wolsek.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"List the Commissioner first and their spouse second on an envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Follow the same rules for addressing envelopes, but use a regular prefix for the Commissioner’s spouse. Then, write out the address as you normally would.\\nFor instance, you’d address an elected Commissioner and their spouse as:The Honorable Charlie Davenport and Mrs. Davenport20 Oak LaneChicago, IL 12345\\nThe mailing address for an appointed Commissioner would look like:Mr. Anthony Baker and Mrs. Caitlin Baker2000 Axel LaneWashington, DC 12345\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Court Commissioner\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call them “Judge” if they’re an elected or appointed official.\", \"描述\": \"Court Commissioners are essentially judges, and can be addressed as such. Just use the prefix “Judge” along with their last name whenever you speak to them.\\nFor example, you can say something like, “Hello, Judge Brooks! It’s great to see you today.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Refer to them as “Your Honor” if you’re in court where they’re presiding.\", \"描述\": \"Play by the courtroom rules in a professional setting. Don’t worry about official titles—“Your Honor” works just fine, and is the usual protocol in a courtroom.\\nIf a Court Commissioner is only visiting a courtroom but not leading the court proceedings, you don’t need to call them “Your Honor.”\\nDon’t use “sir” or “ma’am” in the courtroom—this is considered impolite.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use “The Honorable” as a prefix when addressing an envelope.\", \"描述\": \"List out the Court Commissioner’s full name, along with the court they preside over. Then, finish with the address.\\nFor example, you could write something like:The Honorable Elizabeth A. CarnegieStafford County Courthouse340 Main StreetStafford, VA 12345\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write “Commissioner” and their last name in a letter salutation.\", \"描述\": \"List out the person’s title and then their last name. Don’t worry about first names for your correspondence, since they aren’t necessary.\\nFor example, “Dear Commissioner Haverford” would be a good letter or email salutation.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Members of a commission or sports commissioners don’t get any special prefixes. You can just call them “Commissioner” and write “Mr./Mrs./Mx./Dr.” and their last name along with their commission or agency on an envelope.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"The chairperson of a commission is typically called “Chairperson” instead of “Commissioner.”[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"You can use different salutations for Police Commissioners, like “Mr./Madam Commissioner,” or “Commissioner Brown.” On an envelope, you’d write out their full name, along with a Mr./Ms. prefix, their official Commissioner title, their police department, and then the rest of their address.[13]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
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1,249 | How to Address a Congressman | 1. Addressing a Member of Congress in an Email or Letter
1-1. Write your email or letter to the congressional representative
You can contact a congressional representative to resolve a national, local, or personal issue, for instance. When doing this, it is best to contact the congressional representative in your area.
To find your local representative, visit https://www.house.gov/representatives/find-your-representative. Then, type in your zip code.
However, there are no restrictions on contacting other congressional representatives. They just may not be able to help you as well as the representative in your constituency.
1-2. Start with “Dear,” followed by "Mr./Mrs./Ms." and their last name.
If you are writing an email or letter to your congressional representative, use “Dear” for the proper salutation. Then, write "Mr./Mrs./Ms.," and their last name. Complete the body of your letter explaining what action you want the congressional representative to take, and provide evidence explaining why this is significant or important.
Write, “Dear Mr. Jones,” then begin the body your letter on the next line.
1-3. Draft your email or letter using a polite and respectful tone.
After you list the salutation, introduce yourself by giving your name, profession, and local district. Then, briefly summarize the issue at hand. You can write your congressional representative if you disagree with a current bill, for instance. Mention why the bill harming your local community, and provide statistics or facts illustrating the damage. Provide thorough support as to why the representative should take action on your concern
You can include your contact information for them to follow up with you if you'd like.
Be sure the purpose of your email or letter is clearly stated. For instance, if you are referencing a particular bill, provide the number of the bill or resolution date.
Write something like, "Dear Mr. DeFazio, My name is John Doe, and I am a carpenter in your district. I am deeply saddened by the most recent logging bill proposed last month. I worry that if we keep cutting down trees, there won't be any left. I urge you to please consider voting against this bill."
1-4. Close your email or letter by saying "Sincerely" or "Respectfully."
Then, write your full name after the closing. When you write a letter to your representative, always leave a friendly, polite closing.
For instance, write either "Sincerely, Jane Doe," or "Respectfully, John Doe."
You can write thank you if you have made a request.
1-5. Address the envelope if you're writing a letter to “The Honorable” to show your respect.
“The Honorable” is the usual title given to elected officials in the United States. Whether you are writing a letter or an email, use this to address your congressman or congresswoman.
For example, if you were writing to Oregon Democratic Representative Peter DeFazio, you’d start out by writing “The Honorable.”
1-6. Add the representative’s full name after “The Honorable.”
When addressing a representative in writing, you should use their first and last name at a minimum. Add their middle name or middle initial if they commonly use it in their name.
To figure out if your congressional representative goes by their middle name or middle initial, search them online and review their congressional webpage.
For instance, if writing to Oregon Democratic Representative Peter DeFazio, address him as “The Honorable Peter DeFazio.”
1-7. Write “United States House of Representatives” after their name.
This way, your correspondence goes to the correct branch of government.
If you are writing the Pennsylvania Republican Party Congressman Tim Murphy, write “The Honorable Tim Murphy” Then, write “United State House of Representatives” on the next line.
1-8. List their business address after “House of Representatives.”
This is the last step in your greeting. To find the representative’s business address, search their name online, and go to their personal electoral website. Then, look for the “Contact” link.
Many of these addresses are in Washington, DC.
For example, your full heading might read: The Honorable Tim MurphyUnited States House of Representatives 2040 Frederickson Pl, Greensburg, PA 15601.
2. Addressing in Person or Over the Phone
2-1. Use "Mr./Mrs./Ms." followed by their last name for a personal greeting.
If you are meeting with a congressman or congresswoman face-to-face or over the phone, use a professional title such as "Mr./Mrs./Ms.,” and then their last name. After you initially say this, you can refer to them as “sir” or “ma’am.”
Avoid saying “Congressman/Congresswoman” when addressing them in person. While this still sounds polite, it is not proper protocol.
2-2. Say “The Honorable” before their last name when giving an introduction.
In some instances, you may be responsible for introducing a congressman or congresswoman, like during a large event or conference. To give a formal introduction, start off with “The Honorable,” and then provide only their last name.
2-3. Call them “Congressman" or "Congresswoman" as an informal alternative.
First, use the formal greetings. Then, ask them if they prefer the alternatives if you want to use them. Some members of Congress prefer to be called by these titles, rather than “The Honorable” or "Mr./Mrs./Ms.” This is based on personal preference.
After using the formal greeting, the representative may ask you to call them “Congressman” or "Congresswoman" instead.
You can say “Representative” or "Congressman/Congresswoman" interchangeably.
Tips
Be aware that the letter you send is not private. All correspondence to congressional representatives goes into their constituent-management system, where it is made public record.[12]
X
Research source
Address former congressmen the same as current congressmen. Use the same greeting and format when sending letters or addressing them in person.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing a Member of Congress in an Email or Letter\\n1-1. Write your email or letter to the congressional representative\\nYou can contact a congressional representative to resolve a national, local, or personal issue, for instance. When doing this, it is best to contact the congressional representative in your area.\\nTo find your local representative, visit https://www.house.gov/representatives/find-your-representative. Then, type in your zip code.\\nHowever, there are no restrictions on contacting other congressional representatives. They just may not be able to help you as well as the representative in your constituency.\\n1-2. Start with “Dear,” followed by \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.\\\" and their last name.\\nIf you are writing an email or letter to your congressional representative, use “Dear” for the proper salutation. Then, write \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.,\\\" and their last name. Complete the body of your letter explaining what action you want the congressional representative to take, and provide evidence explaining why this is significant or important.\\nWrite, “Dear Mr. Jones,” then begin the body your letter on the next line.\\n1-3. Draft your email or letter using a polite and respectful tone.\\nAfter you list the salutation, introduce yourself by giving your name, profession, and local district. Then, briefly summarize the issue at hand. You can write your congressional representative if you disagree with a current bill, for instance. Mention why the bill harming your local community, and provide statistics or facts illustrating the damage. Provide thorough support as to why the representative should take action on your concern\\nYou can include your contact information for them to follow up with you if you'd like.\\nBe sure the purpose of your email or letter is clearly stated. For instance, if you are referencing a particular bill, provide the number of the bill or resolution date.\\nWrite something like, \\\"Dear Mr. DeFazio, My name is John Doe, and I am a carpenter in your district. I am deeply saddened by the most recent logging bill proposed last month. I worry that if we keep cutting down trees, there won't be any left. I urge you to please consider voting against this bill.\\\"\\n1-4. Close your email or letter by saying \\\"Sincerely\\\" or \\\"Respectfully.\\\"\\nThen, write your full name after the closing. When you write a letter to your representative, always leave a friendly, polite closing.\\nFor instance, write either \\\"Sincerely, Jane Doe,\\\" or \\\"Respectfully, John Doe.\\\"\\nYou can write thank you if you have made a request.\\n1-5. Address the envelope if you're writing a letter to “The Honorable” to show your respect.\\n“The Honorable” is the usual title given to elected officials in the United States. Whether you are writing a letter or an email, use this to address your congressman or congresswoman.\\nFor example, if you were writing to Oregon Democratic Representative Peter DeFazio, you’d start out by writing “The Honorable.”\\n1-6. Add the representative’s full name after “The Honorable.”\\nWhen addressing a representative in writing, you should use their first and last name at a minimum. Add their middle name or middle initial if they commonly use it in their name.\\nTo figure out if your congressional representative goes by their middle name or middle initial, search them online and review their congressional webpage.\\nFor instance, if writing to Oregon Democratic Representative Peter DeFazio, address him as “The Honorable Peter DeFazio.”\\n1-7. Write “United States House of Representatives” after their name.\\nThis way, your correspondence goes to the correct branch of government.\\nIf you are writing the Pennsylvania Republican Party Congressman Tim Murphy, write “The Honorable Tim Murphy” Then, write “United State House of Representatives” on the next line.\\n1-8. List their business address after “House of Representatives.”\\nThis is the last step in your greeting. To find the representative’s business address, search their name online, and go to their personal electoral website. Then, look for the “Contact” link.\\nMany of these addresses are in Washington, DC.\\nFor example, your full heading might read: The Honorable Tim MurphyUnited States House of Representatives 2040 Frederickson Pl, Greensburg, PA 15601.\\n2. Addressing in Person or Over the Phone\\n2-1. Use \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.\\\" followed by their last name for a personal greeting.\\nIf you are meeting with a congressman or congresswoman face-to-face or over the phone, use a professional title such as \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.,” and then their last name. After you initially say this, you can refer to them as “sir” or “ma’am.”\\nAvoid saying “Congressman/Congresswoman” when addressing them in person. While this still sounds polite, it is not proper protocol.\\n2-2. Say “The Honorable” before their last name when giving an introduction.\\nIn some instances, you may be responsible for introducing a congressman or congresswoman, like during a large event or conference. To give a formal introduction, start off with “The Honorable,” and then provide only their last name.\\n2-3. Call them “Congressman\\\" or \\\"Congresswoman\\\" as an informal alternative.\\nFirst, use the formal greetings. Then, ask them if they prefer the alternatives if you want to use them. Some members of Congress prefer to be called by these titles, rather than “The Honorable” or \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.” This is based on personal preference.\\nAfter using the formal greeting, the representative may ask you to call them “Congressman” or \\\"Congresswoman\\\" instead.\\nYou can say “Representative” or \\\"Congressman/Congresswoman\\\" interchangeably.\\nTips\\nBe aware that the letter you send is not private. All correspondence to congressional representatives goes into their constituent-management system, where it is made public record.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nAddress former congressmen the same as current congressmen. Use the same greeting and format when sending letters or addressing them in person.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"As a U.S. resident, you may want to contact your congressional representative to express your opinion on legislation, share your viewpoint, or urge them to take action. Whether contacting by mail or in person, always address the member of Congress with respect, and be sure to use their official title. By being polite and showing respect, you can address your congressional representative with confidence and ease.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Member of Congress in an Email or Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write your email or letter to the congressional representative\", \"描述\": \"You can contact a congressional representative to resolve a national, local, or personal issue, for instance. When doing this, it is best to contact the congressional representative in your area.\\nTo find your local representative, visit https://www.house.gov/representatives/find-your-representative. Then, type in your zip code.\\nHowever, there are no restrictions on contacting other congressional representatives. They just may not be able to help you as well as the representative in your constituency.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start with “Dear,” followed by \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.\\\" and their last name.\", \"描述\": \"If you are writing an email or letter to your congressional representative, use “Dear” for the proper salutation. Then, write \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.,\\\" and their last name. Complete the body of your letter explaining what action you want the congressional representative to take, and provide evidence explaining why this is significant or important.\\nWrite, “Dear Mr. Jones,” then begin the body your letter on the next line.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Draft your email or letter using a polite and respectful tone.\", \"描述\": \"After you list the salutation, introduce yourself by giving your name, profession, and local district. Then, briefly summarize the issue at hand. You can write your congressional representative if you disagree with a current bill, for instance. Mention why the bill harming your local community, and provide statistics or facts illustrating the damage. Provide thorough support as to why the representative should take action on your concern\\nYou can include your contact information for them to follow up with you if you'd like.\\nBe sure the purpose of your email or letter is clearly stated. For instance, if you are referencing a particular bill, provide the number of the bill or resolution date.\\nWrite something like, \\\"Dear Mr. DeFazio, My name is John Doe, and I am a carpenter in your district. I am deeply saddened by the most recent logging bill proposed last month. I worry that if we keep cutting down trees, there won't be any left. I urge you to please consider voting against this bill.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Close your email or letter by saying \\\"Sincerely\\\" or \\\"Respectfully.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"Then, write your full name after the closing. When you write a letter to your representative, always leave a friendly, polite closing.\\nFor instance, write either \\\"Sincerely, Jane Doe,\\\" or \\\"Respectfully, John Doe.\\\"\\nYou can write thank you if you have made a request.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope if you're writing a letter to “The Honorable” to show your respect.\", \"描述\": \"“The Honorable” is the usual title given to elected officials in the United States. Whether you are writing a letter or an email, use this to address your congressman or congresswoman.\\nFor example, if you were writing to Oregon Democratic Representative Peter DeFazio, you’d start out by writing “The Honorable.”\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Add the representative’s full name after “The Honorable.”\", \"描述\": \"When addressing a representative in writing, you should use their first and last name at a minimum. Add their middle name or middle initial if they commonly use it in their name.\\nTo figure out if your congressional representative goes by their middle name or middle initial, search them online and review their congressional webpage.\\nFor instance, if writing to Oregon Democratic Representative Peter DeFazio, address him as “The Honorable Peter DeFazio.”\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Write “United States House of Representatives” after their name.\", \"描述\": \"This way, your correspondence goes to the correct branch of government.\\nIf you are writing the Pennsylvania Republican Party Congressman Tim Murphy, write “The Honorable Tim Murphy” Then, write “United State House of Representatives” on the next line.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"List their business address after “House of Representatives.”\", \"描述\": \"This is the last step in your greeting. To find the representative’s business address, search their name online, and go to their personal electoral website. Then, look for the “Contact” link.\\nMany of these addresses are in Washington, DC.\\nFor example, your full heading might read: The Honorable Tim MurphyUnited States House of Representatives 2040 Frederickson Pl, Greensburg, PA 15601.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing in Person or Over the Phone\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.\\\" followed by their last name for a personal greeting.\", \"描述\": \"If you are meeting with a congressman or congresswoman face-to-face or over the phone, use a professional title such as \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.,” and then their last name. After you initially say this, you can refer to them as “sir” or “ma’am.”\\nAvoid saying “Congressman/Congresswoman” when addressing them in person. While this still sounds polite, it is not proper protocol.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Say “The Honorable” before their last name when giving an introduction.\", \"描述\": \"In some instances, you may be responsible for introducing a congressman or congresswoman, like during a large event or conference. To give a formal introduction, start off with “The Honorable,” and then provide only their last name.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Call them “Congressman\\\" or \\\"Congresswoman\\\" as an informal alternative.\", \"描述\": \"First, use the formal greetings. Then, ask them if they prefer the alternatives if you want to use them. Some members of Congress prefer to be called by these titles, rather than “The Honorable” or \\\"Mr./Mrs./Ms.” This is based on personal preference.\\nAfter using the formal greeting, the representative may ask you to call them “Congressman” or \\\"Congresswoman\\\" instead.\\nYou can say “Representative” or \\\"Congressman/Congresswoman\\\" interchangeably.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be aware that the letter you send is not private. All correspondence to congressional representatives goes into their constituent-management system, where it is made public record.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Address former congressmen the same as current congressmen. Use the same greeting and format when sending letters or addressing them in person.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,250 | How to Address a Deceased Parent in a Wedding Program | 1. Paying Tribute in the Wedding Program
1-1. Create a “Dedication” page at the end of the program.
If you’d like to write a short passage about your deceased parent or you have more than 1 deceased relative you’d like to honor, a page addressing them in your program may be your best option. Place this page at the end of the program with the heading “Dedication,” “Thank You,” or “In Memoriam.”
You can list the names of the deceased and then write a heartfelt message like, “On this joyous day, we remember those who could not be with us.”
1-2. List your deceased parent as part of the wedding party.
When you list the parents of the bride or groom, include your living parent first. Underneath their name, write something like, “The Late Mr. Arthur Den” as a way to recognize your parent who is no longer here.
This honors the deceased without adding an entire page to your program. It’s the most simple way to address your deceased parent.
1-3. Include a recipe from your deceased parent if it was special to them.
If your parent had something that they were an expert at cooking or baking, you can share their expertise with your guests by including a special recipe of theirs in your program. Put this page near the end and make sure to specify that it was your parent’s recipe.
Add something like, “Although she cannot be here today, we honor the late Isabella Perez by including her recipe in this program. Please use it to spread love and joy to your own families.”
2. Honoring the Deceased During the Wedding
2-1. Hold a candle lighting for the deceased to send a beautiful message.
If you’d like to include your guests in honoring your deceased parent, you can hold a short candle lighting in their honor. Have your wedding officiator include a short statement about your loved one and pause to allow you to light a candle during your ceremony.
This is a great moment to have toward the beginning of the ceremony to make it feel like your deceased parent is included.
2-2. Honor those who have passed with a reserved seat for a simple message.
Since your parent would have been in your wedding party, you can save a seat for them up front with a small sign or a framed photograph of them. This is a heartfelt way to preserve their presence during your ceremony and reception.
A sign could say, “Reserved for the late Mr. Thompson” or “Reserved in honor of Mrs. Whittier.”
You can also lay a single flower from your bouquet on a chair to reserve it.
2-3. Involve your guests with a moment of reflection during the ceremony.
Have your wedding officiator give a brief introduction of your loved one and ask them to pause for 10 seconds. You can call this a moment of reflection or a moment of silence to honor and remember your parent.
Your officiator could say something like, “On this day of celebration, we want to stop and reflect on those who have passed. Let’s take a brief moment of reflection to think about those who could not be with us today.”
2-4. Arrange some flowers in their honor for a beautiful centerpiece.
If your parent had a favorite array of flowers, you can include those in your decorations by placing them at the altar where your wedding ceremony will happen. If they didn’t have any favorite flowers, choose some that mean remembrance, like rosemary or pansies.
2-5. Set up pictures of the deceased to remember them fondly.
Bring some framed photographs and memorabilia from your parent’s lifetime on your wedding day. Display this on a small table at the front of the reception hall so that your guests can pause and look at it as they enter.
This is a great choice if people who were close to your parent will be attending your wedding.
2-6. Toast your parent at the reception to include them after the ceremony.
Wedding toasts are usually a long ordeal, and as the bride or groom you are welcome to toast whoever you’d like to. Ask your guests to raise a glass for your deceased parent to honor them even though they couldn’t attend your wedding.
Your toast can sound something like, “Thank you all so much for being here. I wanted to quickly raise a glass for my dad who couldn’t be here today. I know he would have loved to walk me down the aisle and be a part of today’s celebration. Let’s all toast to my father, Mr. Wicks.”
Tips
Only you know how to best honor your deceased parent. Address or acknowledge them in your wedding in whatever way feels right to you.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Paying Tribute in the Wedding Program\\n1-1. Create a “Dedication” page at the end of the program.\\nIf you’d like to write a short passage about your deceased parent or you have more than 1 deceased relative you’d like to honor, a page addressing them in your program may be your best option. Place this page at the end of the program with the heading “Dedication,” “Thank You,” or “In Memoriam.”\\nYou can list the names of the deceased and then write a heartfelt message like, “On this joyous day, we remember those who could not be with us.”\\n1-2. List your deceased parent as part of the wedding party.\\nWhen you list the parents of the bride or groom, include your living parent first. Underneath their name, write something like, “The Late Mr. Arthur Den” as a way to recognize your parent who is no longer here.\\nThis honors the deceased without adding an entire page to your program. It’s the most simple way to address your deceased parent.\\n1-3. Include a recipe from your deceased parent if it was special to them.\\nIf your parent had something that they were an expert at cooking or baking, you can share their expertise with your guests by including a special recipe of theirs in your program. Put this page near the end and make sure to specify that it was your parent’s recipe.\\nAdd something like, “Although she cannot be here today, we honor the late Isabella Perez by including her recipe in this program. Please use it to spread love and joy to your own families.”\\n2. Honoring the Deceased During the Wedding\\n2-1. Hold a candle lighting for the deceased to send a beautiful message.\\nIf you’d like to include your guests in honoring your deceased parent, you can hold a short candle lighting in their honor. Have your wedding officiator include a short statement about your loved one and pause to allow you to light a candle during your ceremony.\\nThis is a great moment to have toward the beginning of the ceremony to make it feel like your deceased parent is included.\\n2-2. Honor those who have passed with a reserved seat for a simple message.\\nSince your parent would have been in your wedding party, you can save a seat for them up front with a small sign or a framed photograph of them. This is a heartfelt way to preserve their presence during your ceremony and reception.\\nA sign could say, “Reserved for the late Mr. Thompson” or “Reserved in honor of Mrs. Whittier.”\\nYou can also lay a single flower from your bouquet on a chair to reserve it.\\n2-3. Involve your guests with a moment of reflection during the ceremony.\\nHave your wedding officiator give a brief introduction of your loved one and ask them to pause for 10 seconds. You can call this a moment of reflection or a moment of silence to honor and remember your parent.\\nYour officiator could say something like, “On this day of celebration, we want to stop and reflect on those who have passed. Let’s take a brief moment of reflection to think about those who could not be with us today.”\\n2-4. Arrange some flowers in their honor for a beautiful centerpiece.\\nIf your parent had a favorite array of flowers, you can include those in your decorations by placing them at the altar where your wedding ceremony will happen. If they didn’t have any favorite flowers, choose some that mean remembrance, like rosemary or pansies.\\n2-5. Set up pictures of the deceased to remember them fondly.\\nBring some framed photographs and memorabilia from your parent’s lifetime on your wedding day. Display this on a small table at the front of the reception hall so that your guests can pause and look at it as they enter.\\nThis is a great choice if people who were close to your parent will be attending your wedding.\\n2-6. Toast your parent at the reception to include them after the ceremony.\\nWedding toasts are usually a long ordeal, and as the bride or groom you are welcome to toast whoever you’d like to. Ask your guests to raise a glass for your deceased parent to honor them even though they couldn’t attend your wedding.\\nYour toast can sound something like, “Thank you all so much for being here. I wanted to quickly raise a glass for my dad who couldn’t be here today. I know he would have loved to walk me down the aisle and be a part of today’s celebration. Let’s all toast to my father, Mr. Wicks.”\\nTips\\nOnly you know how to best honor your deceased parent. Address or acknowledge them in your wedding in whatever way feels right to you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Your wedding day is a time of joyous celebration when you are surrounded by your friends, family, and loved ones. If you have a parent who has passed away and can’t attend your wedding day, you can address them during your wedding by adding a page to your program or honoring them during your ceremony or reception. Although it can seem difficult, addressing your deceased parent can make you feel closer to them and allow you to feel their presence on your wedding day.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Paying Tribute in the Wedding Program\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a “Dedication” page at the end of the program.\", \"描述\": \"If you’d like to write a short passage about your deceased parent or you have more than 1 deceased relative you’d like to honor, a page addressing them in your program may be your best option. Place this page at the end of the program with the heading “Dedication,” “Thank You,” or “In Memoriam.”\\nYou can list the names of the deceased and then write a heartfelt message like, “On this joyous day, we remember those who could not be with us.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"List your deceased parent as part of the wedding party.\", \"描述\": \"When you list the parents of the bride or groom, include your living parent first. Underneath their name, write something like, “The Late Mr. Arthur Den” as a way to recognize your parent who is no longer here.\\nThis honors the deceased without adding an entire page to your program. It’s the most simple way to address your deceased parent.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include a recipe from your deceased parent if it was special to them.\", \"描述\": \"If your parent had something that they were an expert at cooking or baking, you can share their expertise with your guests by including a special recipe of theirs in your program. Put this page near the end and make sure to specify that it was your parent’s recipe.\\nAdd something like, “Although she cannot be here today, we honor the late Isabella Perez by including her recipe in this program. Please use it to spread love and joy to your own families.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Honoring the Deceased During the Wedding\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hold a candle lighting for the deceased to send a beautiful message.\", \"描述\": \"If you’d like to include your guests in honoring your deceased parent, you can hold a short candle lighting in their honor. Have your wedding officiator include a short statement about your loved one and pause to allow you to light a candle during your ceremony.\\nThis is a great moment to have toward the beginning of the ceremony to make it feel like your deceased parent is included.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Honor those who have passed with a reserved seat for a simple message.\", \"描述\": \"Since your parent would have been in your wedding party, you can save a seat for them up front with a small sign or a framed photograph of them. This is a heartfelt way to preserve their presence during your ceremony and reception.\\nA sign could say, “Reserved for the late Mr. Thompson” or “Reserved in honor of Mrs. Whittier.”\\nYou can also lay a single flower from your bouquet on a chair to reserve it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Involve your guests with a moment of reflection during the ceremony.\", \"描述\": \"Have your wedding officiator give a brief introduction of your loved one and ask them to pause for 10 seconds. You can call this a moment of reflection or a moment of silence to honor and remember your parent.\\nYour officiator could say something like, “On this day of celebration, we want to stop and reflect on those who have passed. Let’s take a brief moment of reflection to think about those who could not be with us today.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Arrange some flowers in their honor for a beautiful centerpiece.\", \"描述\": \"If your parent had a favorite array of flowers, you can include those in your decorations by placing them at the altar where your wedding ceremony will happen. If they didn’t have any favorite flowers, choose some that mean remembrance, like rosemary or pansies.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Set up pictures of the deceased to remember them fondly.\", \"描述\": \"Bring some framed photographs and memorabilia from your parent’s lifetime on your wedding day. Display this on a small table at the front of the reception hall so that your guests can pause and look at it as they enter.\\nThis is a great choice if people who were close to your parent will be attending your wedding.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Toast your parent at the reception to include them after the ceremony.\", \"描述\": \"Wedding toasts are usually a long ordeal, and as the bride or groom you are welcome to toast whoever you’d like to. Ask your guests to raise a glass for your deceased parent to honor them even though they couldn’t attend your wedding.\\nYour toast can sound something like, “Thank you all so much for being here. I wanted to quickly raise a glass for my dad who couldn’t be here today. I know he would have loved to walk me down the aisle and be a part of today’s celebration. Let’s all toast to my father, Mr. Wicks.”\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Only you know how to best honor your deceased parent. Address or acknowledge them in your wedding in whatever way feels right to you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,251 | How to Address a District Attorney in a Letter | 1. Addressing a Letter to a District Attorney
1-1. Research the name of the person you wish to address.
If you do not already know the name of the district attorney in your jurisdiction, you can find it online by searching for the website of the "office of the district attorney" or "district attorney's office" in your area.
"District attorney" is the title of the chief prosecutor of a jurisdiction within only 21 of the 50 states. Other jurisdictions may use "attorney general," "county attorney," "prosecuting attorney," "state's attorney," "state attorney," "commonwealth's attorney," "circuit attorney," "solicitor," or "district attorney general."
1-2. Write the inside address.
The inside address includes the recipient's full name, title, and address. For example, "The Honorable Jane Doe, District Attorney for San Diego County, 330 W Broadway #1300, San Diego, CA 92101."
"The Honorable" is used to refer to elected officials. 47 of the 50 states elect their chief prosecutors by popular election in each jurisdiction.
If your jurisdiction's chief prosecutor is appointed rather than elected (Alaska, Connecticut, New Jersey, and District of Columbia), use Mr. or Ms. instead of "The Honorable."
1-3. Write the salutation.
The salutation, or greeting, normally begins with "Dear." It is acceptable to begin your salutation with "Dear Mr./Madame District Attorney" or "Dear Mr./Ms. (surname)."
The term "Dear" is always appropriate in a business situation and does not mean that the person is dear to you. It is simply a proper opening salutation.
2. Writing Your Letter
2-1. Verify that your question or concern is best addressed to the district attorney.
The district attorney may not have the authority to address your concern, and may simply refer you to another office. If you are not sure to whom you should address your concern, consider telephoning the district attorney's office or contacting an attorney.
If you are making unsolicited contact with the district attorney or his or her office, you may not be entitled to attorney-client privilege, and your communication may not be confidential.
If you are a defendant in a criminal case and are represented by an attorney, the district attorney may be prohibited from communicating with you without your attorney's consent.
2-2. Organize your thoughts prior to writing your letter.
Write down the most important points that you wish to make. Think about what the district attorney needs to hear, not just what you want to say. Imagine yourself talking to the district attorney in person in a rational manner and write it down.
Be brief. Explain your situation in as few words as possible, addressing the issue and the solution you would like to see. Remember that the district attorney is likely to be very busy, and he or she will be more receptive if a letter's author is considerate of his or her time.
Be professional in your language and positive in your approach. Try to keep your personal feelings out of your letter.
Keep your tone formal and respectful. Do not allow casual language or slang to creep in.
2-3. Review the letter before sending it.
If possible, have someone else proofread it for clarity and typographical errors.
Tips
"District attorney" is not a proper noun, and does not need to be capitalized unless it is being used as a person's title. For example, "I have a question for District Attorney Johnson" versus "I have a question for the district attorney."
Type your letter rather than handwriting it, if you can. If you must handwrite, be sure to write clearly and legibly.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing a Letter to a District Attorney\\n1-1. Research the name of the person you wish to address.\\nIf you do not already know the name of the district attorney in your jurisdiction, you can find it online by searching for the website of the \\\"office of the district attorney\\\" or \\\"district attorney's office\\\" in your area.\\n\\\"District attorney\\\" is the title of the chief prosecutor of a jurisdiction within only 21 of the 50 states. Other jurisdictions may use \\\"attorney general,\\\" \\\"county attorney,\\\" \\\"prosecuting attorney,\\\" \\\"state's attorney,\\\" \\\"state attorney,\\\" \\\"commonwealth's attorney,\\\" \\\"circuit attorney,\\\" \\\"solicitor,\\\" or \\\"district attorney general.\\\"\\n1-2. Write the inside address.\\nThe inside address includes the recipient's full name, title, and address. For example, \\\"The Honorable Jane Doe, District Attorney for San Diego County, 330 W Broadway #1300, San Diego, CA 92101.\\\"\\n\\\"The Honorable\\\" is used to refer to elected officials. 47 of the 50 states elect their chief prosecutors by popular election in each jurisdiction.\\nIf your jurisdiction's chief prosecutor is appointed rather than elected (Alaska, Connecticut, New Jersey, and District of Columbia), use Mr. or Ms. instead of \\\"The Honorable.\\\"\\n1-3. Write the salutation.\\nThe salutation, or greeting, normally begins with \\\"Dear.\\\" It is acceptable to begin your salutation with \\\"Dear Mr./Madame District Attorney\\\" or \\\"Dear Mr./Ms. (surname).\\\"\\nThe term \\\"Dear\\\" is always appropriate in a business situation and does not mean that the person is dear to you. It is simply a proper opening salutation.\\n2. Writing Your Letter\\n2-1. Verify that your question or concern is best addressed to the district attorney.\\nThe district attorney may not have the authority to address your concern, and may simply refer you to another office. If you are not sure to whom you should address your concern, consider telephoning the district attorney's office or contacting an attorney.\\nIf you are making unsolicited contact with the district attorney or his or her office, you may not be entitled to attorney-client privilege, and your communication may not be confidential.\\nIf you are a defendant in a criminal case and are represented by an attorney, the district attorney may be prohibited from communicating with you without your attorney's consent.\\n2-2. Organize your thoughts prior to writing your letter.\\nWrite down the most important points that you wish to make. Think about what the district attorney needs to hear, not just what you want to say. Imagine yourself talking to the district attorney in person in a rational manner and write it down.\\nBe brief. Explain your situation in as few words as possible, addressing the issue and the solution you would like to see. Remember that the district attorney is likely to be very busy, and he or she will be more receptive if a letter's author is considerate of his or her time.\\nBe professional in your language and positive in your approach. Try to keep your personal feelings out of your letter.\\nKeep your tone formal and respectful. Do not allow casual language or slang to creep in.\\n2-3. Review the letter before sending it.\\nIf possible, have someone else proofread it for clarity and typographical errors.\\nTips\\n\\\"District attorney\\\" is not a proper noun, and does not need to be capitalized unless it is being used as a person's title. For example, \\\"I have a question for District Attorney Johnson\\\" versus \\\"I have a question for the district attorney.\\\"\\nType your letter rather than handwriting it, if you can. If you must handwrite, be sure to write clearly and legibly.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Addressing an authority figure can be intimidating. When addressing any authority figure, it is polite to show respect that person and the office he or she holds by using the proper title. Twenty-one states in the United States use the title of \\\"district attorney\\\" to refer to the chief prosecutor of a jurisdiction. To properly address a district attorney in a letter, there are several considerations to be taken.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Letter to a District Attorney\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research the name of the person you wish to address.\", \"描述\": \"If you do not already know the name of the district attorney in your jurisdiction, you can find it online by searching for the website of the \\\"office of the district attorney\\\" or \\\"district attorney's office\\\" in your area.\\n\\\"District attorney\\\" is the title of the chief prosecutor of a jurisdiction within only 21 of the 50 states. Other jurisdictions may use \\\"attorney general,\\\" \\\"county attorney,\\\" \\\"prosecuting attorney,\\\" \\\"state's attorney,\\\" \\\"state attorney,\\\" \\\"commonwealth's attorney,\\\" \\\"circuit attorney,\\\" \\\"solicitor,\\\" or \\\"district attorney general.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the inside address.\", \"描述\": \"The inside address includes the recipient's full name, title, and address. For example, \\\"The Honorable Jane Doe, District Attorney for San Diego County, 330 W Broadway #1300, San Diego, CA 92101.\\\"\\n\\\"The Honorable\\\" is used to refer to elected officials. 47 of the 50 states elect their chief prosecutors by popular election in each jurisdiction.\\nIf your jurisdiction's chief prosecutor is appointed rather than elected (Alaska, Connecticut, New Jersey, and District of Columbia), use Mr. or Ms. instead of \\\"The Honorable.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write the salutation.\", \"描述\": \"The salutation, or greeting, normally begins with \\\"Dear.\\\" It is acceptable to begin your salutation with \\\"Dear Mr./Madame District Attorney\\\" or \\\"Dear Mr./Ms. (surname).\\\"\\nThe term \\\"Dear\\\" is always appropriate in a business situation and does not mean that the person is dear to you. It is simply a proper opening salutation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing Your Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Verify that your question or concern is best addressed to the district attorney.\", \"描述\": \"The district attorney may not have the authority to address your concern, and may simply refer you to another office. If you are not sure to whom you should address your concern, consider telephoning the district attorney's office or contacting an attorney.\\nIf you are making unsolicited contact with the district attorney or his or her office, you may not be entitled to attorney-client privilege, and your communication may not be confidential.\\nIf you are a defendant in a criminal case and are represented by an attorney, the district attorney may be prohibited from communicating with you without your attorney's consent.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Organize your thoughts prior to writing your letter.\", \"描述\": \"Write down the most important points that you wish to make. Think about what the district attorney needs to hear, not just what you want to say. Imagine yourself talking to the district attorney in person in a rational manner and write it down.\\nBe brief. Explain your situation in as few words as possible, addressing the issue and the solution you would like to see. Remember that the district attorney is likely to be very busy, and he or she will be more receptive if a letter's author is considerate of his or her time.\\nBe professional in your language and positive in your approach. Try to keep your personal feelings out of your letter.\\nKeep your tone formal and respectful. Do not allow casual language or slang to creep in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Review the letter before sending it.\", \"描述\": \"If possible, have someone else proofread it for clarity and typographical errors.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"\\\"District attorney\\\" is not a proper noun, and does not need to be capitalized unless it is being used as a person's title. For example, \\\"I have a question for District Attorney Johnson\\\" versus \\\"I have a question for the district attorney.\\\"\\n\", \"Type your letter rather than handwriting it, if you can. If you must handwrite, be sure to write clearly and legibly.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,252 | How to Address a Female Attorney | 1. Addressing Correspondence to a Female Attorney
1-1. Determine if you are writing to an attorney or a lawyer.
Even though the terms are often used interchangeably, there is a difference. A lawyer is someone who has trained in the law, usually by attending law school. An attorney is someone who has passed the bar exam and is actively practicing law.
If you are writing to a woman who has been to law school, but is not practicing law, for example the manager of a company, address her as you would any other professional with the relevant term.
1-2. Use "Dear Ms. [name]" whenever possible to open a business letter to a female attorney.
This traditional salutation is short, to the point, professional, and polite. Showing simple respect and manners puts your best foot forward in your communications.
Modern names have often become unisex. If you are unsure if "Morgan" or "Taylor" is a man or woman and you can't verify it, open your business letter with the attorney's full name, "Dear Morgan Smith:"
If you don't have a specific name, avoid worn-out cliches like "To Whom It May Concern." Examples of modern generic salutations include "Dear Sir or Madam," or "Dear Legal Department."
Use proper salutations in your email to a female attorney as well.
1-3. Address the envelope with her full name and either "Attorney At Law" or "Esquire."
Do not use "Ms." on the envelope. For example, "Mary Smith, Attorney At Law." The next line would be the name of her law firm if applicable, then the address.
Esquire, or Esq., is also always correct when addressing an envelope to a female attorney. However, it is a dated term that is falling out of common usage. Some consider it pretentious. Attorney At Law is the more modern form of address.
1-4. Use educational credentials in academic publications.
If you are writing a letter or program for an academic institution and reference either a lawyer or a practicing attorney, follow her name with her degree. You can either use "JD" or "J.D." for Juris Doctor. If the person has an advanced law degree, add that as well. The most common is "LL.M" for a master's degree in law.
2. Addressing a Female Attorney in Person
2-1. Use formal address when you are dealing with staff.
When you call the office or arrive for an appointment, ask for your attorney by either "Ms. Smith, please," or "May I speak to Mary Smith?"
2-2. Use the female attorney's preferred form of address in meetings.
You may be very comfortable with your attorney or know her socially outside of the office. However, in public meetings, you are in a business environment and should observe formalities. In private meetings, some attorneys are comfortable with first names, others aren't. Even with an attorney you know well, you shouldn't use nicknames without permission. Don't be afraid to ask if you are unsure how to address your attorney when in private meetings.
2-3. Observe strict formalities while in court.
Some courts are more formal than others, but you should always refer to your attorney by honorific/surname (Ms. Smith) while in the courtroom, regardless of your social relationship. A typical courtroom etiquette rule requires all persons present to use titles and surnames. Ignoring these rules can result in sanctions ranging from a stern warning to cancellation of your hearing to being held in contempt for disrespect to the court.
Always refer to a judge, whether male or female, as "Your Honor."
The term "counselor" is very formal and usually only used in court between the judge and the other attorneys. It is not wrong to refer to your attorney as "counselor," especially if the attorney in question is non-binary, but the honorific/surname is preferred.
Tips
Stick to formalities, even if your attorney is much younger than you are. She spent three years in law school and passed a grueling two-day bar exam. She has earned your respect. If you make a mistake, apologize and pay more attention in the future.
Ask her. Asking her is the best way to know how she wants to be addressed.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing Correspondence to a Female Attorney\\n1-1. Determine if you are writing to an attorney or a lawyer.\\nEven though the terms are often used interchangeably, there is a difference. A lawyer is someone who has trained in the law, usually by attending law school. An attorney is someone who has passed the bar exam and is actively practicing law. \\nIf you are writing to a woman who has been to law school, but is not practicing law, for example the manager of a company, address her as you would any other professional with the relevant term.\\n1-2. Use \\\"Dear Ms. [name]\\\" whenever possible to open a business letter to a female attorney.\\nThis traditional salutation is short, to the point, professional, and polite. Showing simple respect and manners puts your best foot forward in your communications.\\nModern names have often become unisex. If you are unsure if \\\"Morgan\\\" or \\\"Taylor\\\" is a man or woman and you can't verify it, open your business letter with the attorney's full name, \\\"Dear Morgan Smith:\\\" \\nIf you don't have a specific name, avoid worn-out cliches like \\\"To Whom It May Concern.\\\" Examples of modern generic salutations include \\\"Dear Sir or Madam,\\\" or \\\"Dear Legal Department.\\\" \\nUse proper salutations in your email to a female attorney as well.\\n1-3. Address the envelope with her full name and either \\\"Attorney At Law\\\" or \\\"Esquire.\\\"\\nDo not use \\\"Ms.\\\" on the envelope. For example, \\\"Mary Smith, Attorney At Law.\\\" The next line would be the name of her law firm if applicable, then the address. \\nEsquire, or Esq., is also always correct when addressing an envelope to a female attorney. However, it is a dated term that is falling out of common usage. Some consider it pretentious. Attorney At Law is the more modern form of address.\\n1-4. Use educational credentials in academic publications.\\nIf you are writing a letter or program for an academic institution and reference either a lawyer or a practicing attorney, follow her name with her degree. You can either use \\\"JD\\\" or \\\"J.D.\\\" for Juris Doctor. If the person has an advanced law degree, add that as well. The most common is \\\"LL.M\\\" for a master's degree in law.\\n2. Addressing a Female Attorney in Person\\n2-1. Use formal address when you are dealing with staff.\\nWhen you call the office or arrive for an appointment, ask for your attorney by either \\\"Ms. Smith, please,\\\" or \\\"May I speak to Mary Smith?\\\"\\n2-2. Use the female attorney's preferred form of address in meetings.\\nYou may be very comfortable with your attorney or know her socially outside of the office. However, in public meetings, you are in a business environment and should observe formalities. In private meetings, some attorneys are comfortable with first names, others aren't. Even with an attorney you know well, you shouldn't use nicknames without permission. Don't be afraid to ask if you are unsure how to address your attorney when in private meetings.\\n2-3. Observe strict formalities while in court.\\nSome courts are more formal than others, but you should always refer to your attorney by honorific/surname (Ms. Smith) while in the courtroom, regardless of your social relationship. A typical courtroom etiquette rule requires all persons present to use titles and surnames. Ignoring these rules can result in sanctions ranging from a stern warning to cancellation of your hearing to being held in contempt for disrespect to the court.\\nAlways refer to a judge, whether male or female, as \\\"Your Honor.\\\"\\nThe term \\\"counselor\\\" is very formal and usually only used in court between the judge and the other attorneys. It is not wrong to refer to your attorney as \\\"counselor,\\\" especially if the attorney in question is non-binary, but the honorific/surname is preferred.\\nTips\\nStick to formalities, even if your attorney is much younger than you are. She spent three years in law school and passed a grueling two-day bar exam. She has earned your respect. If you make a mistake, apologize and pay more attention in the future.\\nAsk her. Asking her is the best way to know how she wants to be addressed.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Approximately one-third of all practicing attorneys in the United States are women, and women make up more than half of modern law school graduating classes. Just like their male counterparts, female attorneys expect and deserve respect for their profession. Address a female attorney with the same presumption of authority that you would a male attorney.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing Correspondence to a Female Attorney\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine if you are writing to an attorney or a lawyer.\", \"描述\": \"Even though the terms are often used interchangeably, there is a difference. A lawyer is someone who has trained in the law, usually by attending law school. An attorney is someone who has passed the bar exam and is actively practicing law. \\nIf you are writing to a woman who has been to law school, but is not practicing law, for example the manager of a company, address her as you would any other professional with the relevant term.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"Dear Ms. [name]\\\" whenever possible to open a business letter to a female attorney.\", \"描述\": \"This traditional salutation is short, to the point, professional, and polite. Showing simple respect and manners puts your best foot forward in your communications.\\nModern names have often become unisex. If you are unsure if \\\"Morgan\\\" or \\\"Taylor\\\" is a man or woman and you can't verify it, open your business letter with the attorney's full name, \\\"Dear Morgan Smith:\\\" \\nIf you don't have a specific name, avoid worn-out cliches like \\\"To Whom It May Concern.\\\" Examples of modern generic salutations include \\\"Dear Sir or Madam,\\\" or \\\"Dear Legal Department.\\\" \\nUse proper salutations in your email to a female attorney as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope with her full name and either \\\"Attorney At Law\\\" or \\\"Esquire.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"Do not use \\\"Ms.\\\" on the envelope. For example, \\\"Mary Smith, Attorney At Law.\\\" The next line would be the name of her law firm if applicable, then the address. \\nEsquire, or Esq., is also always correct when addressing an envelope to a female attorney. However, it is a dated term that is falling out of common usage. Some consider it pretentious. Attorney At Law is the more modern form of address.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use educational credentials in academic publications.\", \"描述\": \"If you are writing a letter or program for an academic institution and reference either a lawyer or a practicing attorney, follow her name with her degree. You can either use \\\"JD\\\" or \\\"J.D.\\\" for Juris Doctor. If the person has an advanced law degree, add that as well. The most common is \\\"LL.M\\\" for a master's degree in law.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Female Attorney in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use formal address when you are dealing with staff.\", \"描述\": \"When you call the office or arrive for an appointment, ask for your attorney by either \\\"Ms. Smith, please,\\\" or \\\"May I speak to Mary Smith?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the female attorney's preferred form of address in meetings.\", \"描述\": \"You may be very comfortable with your attorney or know her socially outside of the office. However, in public meetings, you are in a business environment and should observe formalities. In private meetings, some attorneys are comfortable with first names, others aren't. Even with an attorney you know well, you shouldn't use nicknames without permission. Don't be afraid to ask if you are unsure how to address your attorney when in private meetings.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Observe strict formalities while in court.\", \"描述\": \"Some courts are more formal than others, but you should always refer to your attorney by honorific/surname (Ms. Smith) while in the courtroom, regardless of your social relationship. A typical courtroom etiquette rule requires all persons present to use titles and surnames. Ignoring these rules can result in sanctions ranging from a stern warning to cancellation of your hearing to being held in contempt for disrespect to the court.\\nAlways refer to a judge, whether male or female, as \\\"Your Honor.\\\"\\nThe term \\\"counselor\\\" is very formal and usually only used in court between the judge and the other attorneys. It is not wrong to refer to your attorney as \\\"counselor,\\\" especially if the attorney in question is non-binary, but the honorific/surname is preferred.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Stick to formalities, even if your attorney is much younger than you are. She spent three years in law school and passed a grueling two-day bar exam. She has earned your respect. If you make a mistake, apologize and pay more attention in the future.\\n\", \"Ask her. Asking her is the best way to know how she wants to be addressed.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,253 | How to Address a Female Chairperson | 1. Using Correct Terms
1-1. Use "Madam Chair" or "Madam Chairman" to address a female chair.
The term "chairwoman" can be used if there is a particular reason to make the clear distinction that a female is fulfilling the role.
Check whether the woman holding the office will allow this form of address or if a gender-neutral alternative should be used instead.
1-2. Use "chair" or "chairperson" to be gender-neutral.
In the United States, "chairperson" may be more accepted as a gender-neutral title than elsewhere, such as the United Kingdom.
When addressing her during formal meetings, you should not use the second person. In other words, you should not say, "Madam Chair, do you think we should…?" but rather "Does the chair feel we should…?"
1-3. Address the woman by a different gender-neutral title accepted by the chaired body.
Depending on the organization, a person serving as chair could be referred to as "president," "speaker," "presiding officer," "moderator," or "convener." The United States Senate, for example, uses the title "President." The U.S. House of Representatives, on the other hand, has a Speaker of the House who serves as its chair.
A female Speaker may be addressed as "Madam Speaker."
1-4. Use "chairman" as a gender-neutral term.
Many people feel that the term "chairman" and other terms like it are not meant to designate a gender but a role or office. As such, it can be acceptable to use that term even to refer to a woman.
In fact, Robert's Rules of Order (which are considered the gold standard for business meeting etiquette) defend this use as appropriate when the organization's bylaws specify the title "Chairman" for the holder of the chair.
2. Addressing a Female Chair in Writing
2-1. Address the envelope appropriately.
Include the woman's full name, any titles or honorifics (such as J.D. or PhD), and her full chair title.
For example, you may write "Dr. Rose Smith, Chair of the Search Committee." You can also use "Rose Smith, Chairwoman."
It is also permissible to use other honorifics such as Dr., Judge, or Honorable.
2-2. Use consistency in the header and body.
Use the same name and title on the envelope and on the header of the letter itself.
The exception is the greeting line, which can be shorter and omit lengthier titles if necessary.
2-3. Use the proper level of formality in your greeting.
In a very formal business letter, always use the person's complete title in the address and greeting line.
A formal letter may begin with "Dear Chair Smith," or "Dear Madam Chair."
A less formal letter, email, or memo may omit the full title. You may write "Dear Dr. Smith" or "Dear Ms. Smith," but avoid "Mrs." unless you have been specifically instructed otherwise by the chair herself. When in doubt, err on the side of a more formal address.
These rules are not hard and fast, since different women may have different preferences. Follow the woman's personal preference if she would rather be addressed as "Mrs." or something else.
3. Determining What a Specific Chair Prefers
3-1. Use the title she prefers if you know it.
Some female chairs prefer to just be called "chair." Others might like chairwoman or another honorific. Some female chairs even prefer the term "chairman" and do not care about its gendered distinction.
Do what you can to determine what she prefers, if at all possible. There are several ways you can try to find out her preference.
3-2. Check with colleagues.
Perhaps there are other people who are more acquainted with the chair and can tell you what she prefers to be called, or alternately, what most people tend to call her.
Following norms is generally a good idea to avoid sticking your foot in your mouth or saying something awkward. If there is a general consensus at the company or organization to call her Chair Smith, for example, it would be out of place for you to suddenly call her Chairwoman Smith.
3-3. Check websites and newsletters.
If the chair has been in charge very long, the odds are good that she has penned a letter, article, statement, or other writing in which she may have signed her name with her title.
Start with a simple internet search of her name. If you cannot find any information about her, look for information about other women who have held her position.
3-4. Ask her.
If you have a sufficiently well-acquainted relationship, don't be afraid to ask her what she prefers to be called. Alternately, she may correct you when you address her; listen to what she says and follow her lead.
Keep in mind that the title you use to address her may change depending on the occasion. In formal situations, for example a big board meeting, you may address her as Chairwoman Smith or Madam Chairwoman, but in other situations she may prefer to be called by her first name. However, never assume that it is ok to refer to her by a less formal name; she is your superior. Be sure that she is the one who tells you she would prefer a more intimate and less formal name, and only use it in the settings where she has clearly made it permissible.
Tips
Try searching for websites that have listings of official government or executive titles or press releases mentioning the title of a female chairperson.
If you want to address the chair of a government body, check that body's website to try to find acceptable forms of address for its members.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Correct Terms\\n1-1. Use \\\"Madam Chair\\\" or \\\"Madam Chairman\\\" to address a female chair.\\nThe term \\\"chairwoman\\\" can be used if there is a particular reason to make the clear distinction that a female is fulfilling the role.\\nCheck whether the woman holding the office will allow this form of address or if a gender-neutral alternative should be used instead.\\n1-2. Use \\\"chair\\\" or \\\"chairperson\\\" to be gender-neutral.\\nIn the United States, \\\"chairperson\\\" may be more accepted as a gender-neutral title than elsewhere, such as the United Kingdom.\\nWhen addressing her during formal meetings, you should not use the second person. In other words, you should not say, \\\"Madam Chair, do you think we should…?\\\" but rather \\\"Does the chair feel we should…?\\\"\\n1-3. Address the woman by a different gender-neutral title accepted by the chaired body.\\nDepending on the organization, a person serving as chair could be referred to as \\\"president,\\\" \\\"speaker,\\\" \\\"presiding officer,\\\" \\\"moderator,\\\" or \\\"convener.\\\" The United States Senate, for example, uses the title \\\"President.\\\" The U.S. House of Representatives, on the other hand, has a Speaker of the House who serves as its chair.\\nA female Speaker may be addressed as \\\"Madam Speaker.\\\"\\n1-4. Use \\\"chairman\\\" as a gender-neutral term.\\nMany people feel that the term \\\"chairman\\\" and other terms like it are not meant to designate a gender but a role or office. As such, it can be acceptable to use that term even to refer to a woman.\\nIn fact, Robert's Rules of Order (which are considered the gold standard for business meeting etiquette) defend this use as appropriate when the organization's bylaws specify the title \\\"Chairman\\\" for the holder of the chair.\\n2. Addressing a Female Chair in Writing\\n2-1. Address the envelope appropriately.\\nInclude the woman's full name, any titles or honorifics (such as J.D. or PhD), and her full chair title.\\nFor example, you may write \\\"Dr. Rose Smith, Chair of the Search Committee.\\\" You can also use \\\"Rose Smith, Chairwoman.\\\"\\nIt is also permissible to use other honorifics such as Dr., Judge, or Honorable.\\n2-2. Use consistency in the header and body.\\nUse the same name and title on the envelope and on the header of the letter itself.\\nThe exception is the greeting line, which can be shorter and omit lengthier titles if necessary.\\n2-3. Use the proper level of formality in your greeting.\\nIn a very formal business letter, always use the person's complete title in the address and greeting line.\\nA formal letter may begin with \\\"Dear Chair Smith,\\\" or \\\"Dear Madam Chair.\\\"\\nA less formal letter, email, or memo may omit the full title. You may write \\\"Dear Dr. Smith\\\" or \\\"Dear Ms. Smith,\\\" but avoid \\\"Mrs.\\\" unless you have been specifically instructed otherwise by the chair herself. When in doubt, err on the side of a more formal address.\\nThese rules are not hard and fast, since different women may have different preferences. Follow the woman's personal preference if she would rather be addressed as \\\"Mrs.\\\" or something else.\\n3. Determining What a Specific Chair Prefers\\n3-1. Use the title she prefers if you know it.\\nSome female chairs prefer to just be called \\\"chair.\\\" Others might like chairwoman or another honorific. Some female chairs even prefer the term \\\"chairman\\\" and do not care about its gendered distinction.\\nDo what you can to determine what she prefers, if at all possible. There are several ways you can try to find out her preference.\\n3-2. Check with colleagues.\\nPerhaps there are other people who are more acquainted with the chair and can tell you what she prefers to be called, or alternately, what most people tend to call her.\\nFollowing norms is generally a good idea to avoid sticking your foot in your mouth or saying something awkward. If there is a general consensus at the company or organization to call her Chair Smith, for example, it would be out of place for you to suddenly call her Chairwoman Smith.\\n3-3. Check websites and newsletters.\\nIf the chair has been in charge very long, the odds are good that she has penned a letter, article, statement, or other writing in which she may have signed her name with her title.\\nStart with a simple internet search of her name. If you cannot find any information about her, look for information about other women who have held her position.\\n3-4. Ask her.\\nIf you have a sufficiently well-acquainted relationship, don't be afraid to ask her what she prefers to be called. Alternately, she may correct you when you address her; listen to what she says and follow her lead.\\nKeep in mind that the title you use to address her may change depending on the occasion. In formal situations, for example a big board meeting, you may address her as Chairwoman Smith or Madam Chairwoman, but in other situations she may prefer to be called by her first name. However, never assume that it is ok to refer to her by a less formal name; she is your superior. Be sure that she is the one who tells you she would prefer a more intimate and less formal name, and only use it in the settings where she has clearly made it permissible.\\nTips\\nTry searching for websites that have listings of official government or executive titles or press releases mentioning the title of a female chairperson.\\nIf you want to address the chair of a government body, check that body's website to try to find acceptable forms of address for its members.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The person who fills the role of \\\"chair\\\" is usually elected by the members of their board or committee to serve in the highest position of that organization. A man or a woman may be a chair, but the traditional title \\\"chairman\\\" is gender neutral. For reasons of political correctness or modern preference, chairperson has crept into use as a replacement. Chairwoman is sometimes used, especially if there are male and female chairs. When in doubt, ask the occupant what form of address they prefer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Correct Terms\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"Madam Chair\\\" or \\\"Madam Chairman\\\" to address a female chair.\", \"描述\": \"The term \\\"chairwoman\\\" can be used if there is a particular reason to make the clear distinction that a female is fulfilling the role.\\nCheck whether the woman holding the office will allow this form of address or if a gender-neutral alternative should be used instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"chair\\\" or \\\"chairperson\\\" to be gender-neutral.\", \"描述\": \"In the United States, \\\"chairperson\\\" may be more accepted as a gender-neutral title than elsewhere, such as the United Kingdom.\\nWhen addressing her during formal meetings, you should not use the second person. In other words, you should not say, \\\"Madam Chair, do you think we should…?\\\" but rather \\\"Does the chair feel we should…?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address the woman by a different gender-neutral title accepted by the chaired body.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the organization, a person serving as chair could be referred to as \\\"president,\\\" \\\"speaker,\\\" \\\"presiding officer,\\\" \\\"moderator,\\\" or \\\"convener.\\\" The United States Senate, for example, uses the title \\\"President.\\\" The U.S. House of Representatives, on the other hand, has a Speaker of the House who serves as its chair.\\nA female Speaker may be addressed as \\\"Madam Speaker.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"chairman\\\" as a gender-neutral term.\", \"描述\": \"Many people feel that the term \\\"chairman\\\" and other terms like it are not meant to designate a gender but a role or office. As such, it can be acceptable to use that term even to refer to a woman.\\nIn fact, Robert's Rules of Order (which are considered the gold standard for business meeting etiquette) defend this use as appropriate when the organization's bylaws specify the title \\\"Chairman\\\" for the holder of the chair.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Female Chair in Writing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope appropriately.\", \"描述\": \"Include the woman's full name, any titles or honorifics (such as J.D. or PhD), and her full chair title.\\nFor example, you may write \\\"Dr. Rose Smith, Chair of the Search Committee.\\\" You can also use \\\"Rose Smith, Chairwoman.\\\"\\nIt is also permissible to use other honorifics such as Dr., Judge, or Honorable.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use consistency in the header and body.\", \"描述\": \"Use the same name and title on the envelope and on the header of the letter itself.\\nThe exception is the greeting line, which can be shorter and omit lengthier titles if necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the proper level of formality in your greeting.\", \"描述\": \"In a very formal business letter, always use the person's complete title in the address and greeting line.\\nA formal letter may begin with \\\"Dear Chair Smith,\\\" or \\\"Dear Madam Chair.\\\"\\nA less formal letter, email, or memo may omit the full title. You may write \\\"Dear Dr. Smith\\\" or \\\"Dear Ms. Smith,\\\" but avoid \\\"Mrs.\\\" unless you have been specifically instructed otherwise by the chair herself. When in doubt, err on the side of a more formal address.\\nThese rules are not hard and fast, since different women may have different preferences. Follow the woman's personal preference if she would rather be addressed as \\\"Mrs.\\\" or something else.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Determining What a Specific Chair Prefers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the title she prefers if you know it.\", \"描述\": \"Some female chairs prefer to just be called \\\"chair.\\\" Others might like chairwoman or another honorific. Some female chairs even prefer the term \\\"chairman\\\" and do not care about its gendered distinction.\\nDo what you can to determine what she prefers, if at all possible. There are several ways you can try to find out her preference.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check with colleagues.\", \"描述\": \"Perhaps there are other people who are more acquainted with the chair and can tell you what she prefers to be called, or alternately, what most people tend to call her.\\nFollowing norms is generally a good idea to avoid sticking your foot in your mouth or saying something awkward. If there is a general consensus at the company or organization to call her Chair Smith, for example, it would be out of place for you to suddenly call her Chairwoman Smith.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check websites and newsletters.\", \"描述\": \"If the chair has been in charge very long, the odds are good that she has penned a letter, article, statement, or other writing in which she may have signed her name with her title.\\nStart with a simple internet search of her name. If you cannot find any information about her, look for information about other women who have held her position.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask her.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a sufficiently well-acquainted relationship, don't be afraid to ask her what she prefers to be called. Alternately, she may correct you when you address her; listen to what she says and follow her lead.\\nKeep in mind that the title you use to address her may change depending on the occasion. In formal situations, for example a big board meeting, you may address her as Chairwoman Smith or Madam Chairwoman, but in other situations she may prefer to be called by her first name. However, never assume that it is ok to refer to her by a less formal name; she is your superior. Be sure that she is the one who tells you she would prefer a more intimate and less formal name, and only use it in the settings where she has clearly made it permissible.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try searching for websites that have listings of official government or executive titles or press releases mentioning the title of a female chairperson.\\n\", \"If you want to address the chair of a government body, check that body's website to try to find acceptable forms of address for its members.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,254 | How to Address a Formal Letter | 1. Addressing Someone You Know
1-1. Format your salutation as Dear (title) (surname).
It is customary to begin formal letters with "Dear." The word "Dear" conveys warmth yet professionalism, and omitting it makes a letter seem less formal.
1-2. Follow the opening of your salutation with a courtesy title.
After "Dear," follow with a courtesy title, such as Mr., Mrs., Dr., or Ms. You should only omit a courtesy title if you are unsure of the person’s gender—be cautious and avoid making assumptions in this case. If you are unsure of a woman’s marital status, use Ms., which can be used in place of either Miss or Mrs.
If it is possible, do some research and find on their website how they refer to themselves.
1-3. Use the person's last name in your salutation.
Unless you know the person well and regularly address each other by your first names, only use the recipient’s surname (last name) for your salutation. For instance, your salutation might read “Dear Ms. Bell” or “Dear Dr. Smith.”
If you know the person's name but you are not sure of their gender, you can use their full name instead of a courtesy title, such as “Dear Jamie Wilde.”
1-4. End your salutation with a colon.
Although semicolons and commas are common for informal letters, a formal salutation should always be punctuated with a colon. The final appearance of your salutation should be as follows: “Dear Mr. Brown:” or “Dear Editor:”
2. Using General Salutations
2-1. Use a general salutation if you do not know the letter recipient.
General salutations are appropriate no matter who receives the letter. Open with "To whom it may concern:" if you are not writing the letter with a specific person in mind. For instance, you might use this salutation for a letter that will be sent to a number of different people.
If your letter is addressed to the team of people, you may use the team or department name, for example “Dear Hiring Team:”
2-2. Use Sir or Madam if you do not know the recipient’s name.
“Dear Sir,” “Dear Madam,” or “Dear Sir or Madam” are all perfectly acceptable salutations for a formal letter. This is slightly more personal than a general salutation.
2-3. Use the recipient's job title in the salutation if you know it.
For business letters directed to a person in a certain profession, consider using the recipient's job title in the salutation. This shows respect for their position. For instance, you might begin with “Dear Editor:" or “Dear Human Resources Director:”
3. Formatting the Letter
3-1. Choose between block or indented format.
The two most common formats for formal letters are block style and indented style. With block style, every part of the letter will be aligned with the left margin. Indented style requires that you indent the beginning of every paragraph, as well as the sender’s address, complimentary close, and the signature.
The differences in these are largely a matter of preference; however, block style is more commonly used in business letters today.
3-2. Start with your address.
This can be either your home or business address, depending on whether the letter is sent on behalf of you personally or on behalf of your company. You should include your street address, city, state, and zip code, but you should not include your name.
If you are writing your letter in block format, your address should be lined up with the left margin. If you are using indented format, start one tab right of the center margin.
Phone numbers and email addresses are generally not included in the sender’s address, but they are acceptable.
3-3. Include the date one line below the sender’s address.
This should be the date that the letter was written. There should be a space between your address and the date, and 2 spaces between the date and the recipient’s address.
3-4. Begin the recipient's address with their name.
Two spaces below the date, type the recipient’s name, including their courtesy title, such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Dr. Use the same courtesy title used in the salutation.
3-5. Follow the recipient’s name with their business name and full address.
Beneath the recipient’s name, include the full name of their company, if you are writing a business letter. For personal formal letters, you can omit the business name. Follow with the full address. As with the sender’s address, this should include the street address, city, state, and zip code.
3-6. Include an attention line if you are writing to a business.
If your letter is addressed to a company or a specific department, you can include an attention line to direct the letter to a specific individual. This would come 2 spaces below the address and 2 spaces above the salutation. The salutation would be directed to the company or the department.
3-7. Write your salutation one line beneath the recipient's address.
The salutation is a greeting, and is likely the first thing your recipient will read. The salutation should be aligned with the left margin.
Examples of salutations might include "Dear Mrs. Wells:" or "Dear Professor:"
3-8. Follow with the body and the closing of the letter.
If you used the block format, your body, complimentary closing, and signature will all be aligned with the left margin. If you used indented format, the body will be left aligned with each paragraph indented, and the closing will be one tab left of the center, in line with the sender’s address.
The complimentary close should be a phrase such as “Best regards” or “Thank you” and should be followed by a comma. Only the first word is capitalized. Skip 4 lines, which is the space for your signature, then end with your name.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing Someone You Know\\n1-1. Format your salutation as Dear (title) (surname).\\nIt is customary to begin formal letters with \\\"Dear.\\\" The word \\\"Dear\\\" conveys warmth yet professionalism, and omitting it makes a letter seem less formal.\\n1-2. Follow the opening of your salutation with a courtesy title.\\nAfter \\\"Dear,\\\" follow with a courtesy title, such as Mr., Mrs., Dr., or Ms. You should only omit a courtesy title if you are unsure of the person’s gender—be cautious and avoid making assumptions in this case. If you are unsure of a woman’s marital status, use Ms., which can be used in place of either Miss or Mrs.\\nIf it is possible, do some research and find on their website how they refer to themselves.\\n1-3. Use the person's last name in your salutation.\\nUnless you know the person well and regularly address each other by your first names, only use the recipient’s surname (last name) for your salutation. For instance, your salutation might read “Dear Ms. Bell” or “Dear Dr. Smith.”\\nIf you know the person's name but you are not sure of their gender, you can use their full name instead of a courtesy title, such as “Dear Jamie Wilde.”\\n1-4. End your salutation with a colon.\\nAlthough semicolons and commas are common for informal letters, a formal salutation should always be punctuated with a colon. The final appearance of your salutation should be as follows: “Dear Mr. Brown:” or “Dear Editor:”\\n2. Using General Salutations\\n2-1. Use a general salutation if you do not know the letter recipient.\\nGeneral salutations are appropriate no matter who receives the letter. Open with \\\"To whom it may concern:\\\" if you are not writing the letter with a specific person in mind. For instance, you might use this salutation for a letter that will be sent to a number of different people.\\nIf your letter is addressed to the team of people, you may use the team or department name, for example “Dear Hiring Team:”\\n2-2. Use Sir or Madam if you do not know the recipient’s name.\\n“Dear Sir,” “Dear Madam,” or “Dear Sir or Madam” are all perfectly acceptable salutations for a formal letter. This is slightly more personal than a general salutation.\\n2-3. Use the recipient's job title in the salutation if you know it.\\nFor business letters directed to a person in a certain profession, consider using the recipient's job title in the salutation. This shows respect for their position. For instance, you might begin with “Dear Editor:\\\" or “Dear Human Resources Director:”\\n3. Formatting the Letter\\n3-1. Choose between block or indented format.\\nThe two most common formats for formal letters are block style and indented style. With block style, every part of the letter will be aligned with the left margin. Indented style requires that you indent the beginning of every paragraph, as well as the sender’s address, complimentary close, and the signature.\\nThe differences in these are largely a matter of preference; however, block style is more commonly used in business letters today.\\n3-2. Start with your address.\\nThis can be either your home or business address, depending on whether the letter is sent on behalf of you personally or on behalf of your company. You should include your street address, city, state, and zip code, but you should not include your name.\\nIf you are writing your letter in block format, your address should be lined up with the left margin. If you are using indented format, start one tab right of the center margin.\\nPhone numbers and email addresses are generally not included in the sender’s address, but they are acceptable.\\n3-3. Include the date one line below the sender’s address.\\nThis should be the date that the letter was written. There should be a space between your address and the date, and 2 spaces between the date and the recipient’s address.\\n3-4. Begin the recipient's address with their name.\\nTwo spaces below the date, type the recipient’s name, including their courtesy title, such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Dr. Use the same courtesy title used in the salutation.\\n3-5. Follow the recipient’s name with their business name and full address.\\nBeneath the recipient’s name, include the full name of their company, if you are writing a business letter. For personal formal letters, you can omit the business name. Follow with the full address. As with the sender’s address, this should include the street address, city, state, and zip code.\\n3-6. Include an attention line if you are writing to a business.\\nIf your letter is addressed to a company or a specific department, you can include an attention line to direct the letter to a specific individual. This would come 2 spaces below the address and 2 spaces above the salutation. The salutation would be directed to the company or the department.\\n3-7. Write your salutation one line beneath the recipient's address.\\nThe salutation is a greeting, and is likely the first thing your recipient will read. The salutation should be aligned with the left margin.\\nExamples of salutations might include \\\"Dear Mrs. Wells:\\\" or \\\"Dear Professor:\\\"\\n3-8. Follow with the body and the closing of the letter.\\nIf you used the block format, your body, complimentary closing, and signature will all be aligned with the left margin. If you used indented format, the body will be left aligned with each paragraph indented, and the closing will be one tab left of the center, in line with the sender’s address.\\nThe complimentary close should be a phrase such as “Best regards” or “Thank you” and should be followed by a comma. Only the first word is capitalized. Skip 4 lines, which is the space for your signature, then end with your name.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Although most people today communicate through emails or phone calls, there are still occasions when it is helpful to know how to write a formal letter. You may need to submit a formal request to a business, inform a client of an important issue, or apply for a job. When you’re addressing your formal letter, start with your address, then the date, the recipient’s address (also known as the inside address), and your salutation.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing Someone You Know\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Format your salutation as Dear (title) (surname).\", \"描述\": \"It is customary to begin formal letters with \\\"Dear.\\\" The word \\\"Dear\\\" conveys warmth yet professionalism, and omitting it makes a letter seem less formal.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow the opening of your salutation with a courtesy title.\", \"描述\": \"After \\\"Dear,\\\" follow with a courtesy title, such as Mr., Mrs., Dr., or Ms. You should only omit a courtesy title if you are unsure of the person’s gender—be cautious and avoid making assumptions in this case. If you are unsure of a woman’s marital status, use Ms., which can be used in place of either Miss or Mrs.\\nIf it is possible, do some research and find on their website how they refer to themselves.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the person's last name in your salutation.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you know the person well and regularly address each other by your first names, only use the recipient’s surname (last name) for your salutation. For instance, your salutation might read “Dear Ms. Bell” or “Dear Dr. Smith.”\\nIf you know the person's name but you are not sure of their gender, you can use their full name instead of a courtesy title, such as “Dear Jamie Wilde.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"End your salutation with a colon.\", \"描述\": \"Although semicolons and commas are common for informal letters, a formal salutation should always be punctuated with a colon. The final appearance of your salutation should be as follows: “Dear Mr. Brown:” or “Dear Editor:”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using General Salutations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a general salutation if you do not know the letter recipient.\", \"描述\": \"General salutations are appropriate no matter who receives the letter. Open with \\\"To whom it may concern:\\\" if you are not writing the letter with a specific person in mind. For instance, you might use this salutation for a letter that will be sent to a number of different people.\\nIf your letter is addressed to the team of people, you may use the team or department name, for example “Dear Hiring Team:”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use Sir or Madam if you do not know the recipient’s name.\", \"描述\": \"“Dear Sir,” “Dear Madam,” or “Dear Sir or Madam” are all perfectly acceptable salutations for a formal letter. This is slightly more personal than a general salutation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the recipient's job title in the salutation if you know it.\", \"描述\": \"For business letters directed to a person in a certain profession, consider using the recipient's job title in the salutation. This shows respect for their position. For instance, you might begin with “Dear Editor:\\\" or “Dear Human Resources Director:”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Formatting the Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose between block or indented format.\", \"描述\": \"The two most common formats for formal letters are block style and indented style. With block style, every part of the letter will be aligned with the left margin. Indented style requires that you indent the beginning of every paragraph, as well as the sender’s address, complimentary close, and the signature.\\nThe differences in these are largely a matter of preference; however, block style is more commonly used in business letters today.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start with your address.\", \"描述\": \"This can be either your home or business address, depending on whether the letter is sent on behalf of you personally or on behalf of your company. You should include your street address, city, state, and zip code, but you should not include your name.\\nIf you are writing your letter in block format, your address should be lined up with the left margin. If you are using indented format, start one tab right of the center margin.\\nPhone numbers and email addresses are generally not included in the sender’s address, but they are acceptable.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include the date one line below the sender’s address.\", \"描述\": \"This should be the date that the letter was written. There should be a space between your address and the date, and 2 spaces between the date and the recipient’s address.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Begin the recipient's address with their name.\", \"描述\": \"Two spaces below the date, type the recipient’s name, including their courtesy title, such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Dr. Use the same courtesy title used in the salutation.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Follow the recipient’s name with their business name and full address.\", \"描述\": \"Beneath the recipient’s name, include the full name of their company, if you are writing a business letter. For personal formal letters, you can omit the business name. Follow with the full address. As with the sender’s address, this should include the street address, city, state, and zip code.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Include an attention line if you are writing to a business.\", \"描述\": \"If your letter is addressed to a company or a specific department, you can include an attention line to direct the letter to a specific individual. This would come 2 spaces below the address and 2 spaces above the salutation. The salutation would be directed to the company or the department.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Write your salutation one line beneath the recipient's address.\", \"描述\": \"The salutation is a greeting, and is likely the first thing your recipient will read. The salutation should be aligned with the left margin.\\nExamples of salutations might include \\\"Dear Mrs. Wells:\\\" or \\\"Dear Professor:\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Follow with the body and the closing of the letter.\", \"描述\": \"If you used the block format, your body, complimentary closing, and signature will all be aligned with the left margin. If you used indented format, the body will be left aligned with each paragraph indented, and the closing will be one tab left of the center, in line with the sender’s address.\\nThe complimentary close should be a phrase such as “Best regards” or “Thank you” and should be followed by a comma. Only the first word is capitalized. Skip 4 lines, which is the space for your signature, then end with your name.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,255 | How to Address a Governor | 1. Talking In Person
1-1. Call them Governor (Surname) when talking to them directly.
When you are talking to a Governor that’s currently in office, it’s polite to address them as “Governor” and not as Mr. or Mrs. This shows that you recognize their position in office and what their job is. You should never call them by their first name unless specifically asked to do so.
For example, if the governor’s name is Zackary Fravel, call them “Governor Fravel” when you speak to them.
If you are talking to the spouse of a governor, you can simply call them “Mr./Mrs. (Surname).”
1-2. Call a governor “Sir/Ma’am” after addressing them by name.
Once you’ve greeted a governor by their title and surname, you can call them sir or ma’am throughout your conversation. There’s no need to keep calling them “Governor (Surname).”
1-3. Refer to them as Acting Governor (Surname) when you talk about them.
If you are talking about a Governor when they are not around, you can call them “Acting Governor (Surname).” This is a more specific way to refer to them. The “Acting” title is optional, but it might help to specify who you are talking about.
For example, if the governor’s name is Mary Kent, you can say something like, “Acting Governor Kent is on her way here.”
Former governors do not get a special title. They can be referred to as Mr. or Mrs. (Surname).
1-4. Introduce them formally with:
“ Formally, a Governor’s title is “The Honorable (Surname).” After their title, you can specify which state or territory that they govern. This long title should only be used when you are introducing them to a crowd, like at a talk or a rally. Using their full title in everyday life would be a hassle, so you should only say it at formal events.
For example, if the governor of Washington’s name is James Hert and you are introducing him at a rally, you could say, “And now, The Honorable Hert, Governor of Washington.”
In Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and South Carolina, a Governor’s full title is “Your Excellency, Governor (Surname).”
2. Writing a Letter
2-1. Address your letter to “The Honorable (Full Name), Governor of (State).”
The outside of your letter should be addressed with the governor’s full title. This includes their title of “The Honorable” followed by their first and last name, as well as mentioning which state or territory that they govern. This is the most traditional way to address a governor, which is why it is still used in letter writing.
For example, your letter should say something like: “The Honorable Maria Culley, Governor of California.”
If you are addressing your letter to a former governor or a governor’s spouse, you can just use “Mr./Mrs. (Surname).”
2-2. Write “Dear Governor (Surname)” to begin your letter.
The body of your letter should start with the phrase “Dear Governor (Surname).” Once you start your letter, you can address the governor as if you were speaking to them in person. You should never use their first name in a letter because it is seen as disrespectful.
For example, start your letter with “Dear Governor Flinner.”
2-3. Close your letter with “Sincerely, (Your Title and Full Name).”
You should end your letter by telling the governor what your name and full title is so that they understand who you are professionally. This also helps them address you if they want to write you back.
”Sincerely” is a formal way to say goodbye. You can also use phrases like “Best regards,” “Thanks,” and “Yours truly.”
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Talking In Person\\n1-1. Call them Governor (Surname) when talking to them directly.\\nWhen you are talking to a Governor that’s currently in office, it’s polite to address them as “Governor” and not as Mr. or Mrs. This shows that you recognize their position in office and what their job is. You should never call them by their first name unless specifically asked to do so.\\nFor example, if the governor’s name is Zackary Fravel, call them “Governor Fravel” when you speak to them.\\nIf you are talking to the spouse of a governor, you can simply call them “Mr./Mrs. (Surname).”\\n1-2. Call a governor “Sir/Ma’am” after addressing them by name.\\nOnce you’ve greeted a governor by their title and surname, you can call them sir or ma’am throughout your conversation. There’s no need to keep calling them “Governor (Surname).”\\n1-3. Refer to them as Acting Governor (Surname) when you talk about them.\\nIf you are talking about a Governor when they are not around, you can call them “Acting Governor (Surname).” This is a more specific way to refer to them. The “Acting” title is optional, but it might help to specify who you are talking about.\\nFor example, if the governor’s name is Mary Kent, you can say something like, “Acting Governor Kent is on her way here.”\\nFormer governors do not get a special title. They can be referred to as Mr. or Mrs. (Surname).\\n1-4. Introduce them formally with:\\n“ Formally, a Governor’s title is “The Honorable (Surname).” After their title, you can specify which state or territory that they govern. This long title should only be used when you are introducing them to a crowd, like at a talk or a rally. Using their full title in everyday life would be a hassle, so you should only say it at formal events.\\nFor example, if the governor of Washington’s name is James Hert and you are introducing him at a rally, you could say, “And now, The Honorable Hert, Governor of Washington.”\\nIn Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and South Carolina, a Governor’s full title is “Your Excellency, Governor (Surname).”\\n2. Writing a Letter\\n2-1. Address your letter to “The Honorable (Full Name), Governor of (State).”\\nThe outside of your letter should be addressed with the governor’s full title. This includes their title of “The Honorable” followed by their first and last name, as well as mentioning which state or territory that they govern. This is the most traditional way to address a governor, which is why it is still used in letter writing.\\nFor example, your letter should say something like: “The Honorable Maria Culley, Governor of California.”\\nIf you are addressing your letter to a former governor or a governor’s spouse, you can just use “Mr./Mrs. (Surname).”\\n2-2. Write “Dear Governor (Surname)” to begin your letter.\\nThe body of your letter should start with the phrase “Dear Governor (Surname).” Once you start your letter, you can address the governor as if you were speaking to them in person. You should never use their first name in a letter because it is seen as disrespectful.\\nFor example, start your letter with “Dear Governor Flinner.”\\n2-3. Close your letter with “Sincerely, (Your Title and Full Name).”\\nYou should end your letter by telling the governor what your name and full title is so that they understand who you are professionally. This also helps them address you if they want to write you back.\\n”Sincerely” is a formal way to say goodbye. You can also use phrases like “Best regards,” “Thanks,” and “Yours truly.”\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Governors are in charge of the executive branch for each state or territory that they govern. Often, they will talk to citizens that live in their territory to get public opinions or take advice. Addressing someone like this may seem intimidating, especially if you haven’t talked to someone in political power before or you don’t know the protocol. However, if you save their full title for special events and never call them by their first name, you can be talking to governors tactfully and respectfully in no time.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talking In Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call them Governor (Surname) when talking to them directly.\", \"描述\": \"When you are talking to a Governor that’s currently in office, it’s polite to address them as “Governor” and not as Mr. or Mrs. This shows that you recognize their position in office and what their job is. You should never call them by their first name unless specifically asked to do so.\\nFor example, if the governor’s name is Zackary Fravel, call them “Governor Fravel” when you speak to them.\\nIf you are talking to the spouse of a governor, you can simply call them “Mr./Mrs. (Surname).”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call a governor “Sir/Ma’am” after addressing them by name.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve greeted a governor by their title and surname, you can call them sir or ma’am throughout your conversation. There’s no need to keep calling them “Governor (Surname).”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Refer to them as Acting Governor (Surname) when you talk about them.\", \"描述\": \"If you are talking about a Governor when they are not around, you can call them “Acting Governor (Surname).” This is a more specific way to refer to them. The “Acting” title is optional, but it might help to specify who you are talking about.\\nFor example, if the governor’s name is Mary Kent, you can say something like, “Acting Governor Kent is on her way here.”\\nFormer governors do not get a special title. They can be referred to as Mr. or Mrs. (Surname).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Introduce them formally with:\", \"描述\": \"“ Formally, a Governor’s title is “The Honorable (Surname).” After their title, you can specify which state or territory that they govern. This long title should only be used when you are introducing them to a crowd, like at a talk or a rally. Using their full title in everyday life would be a hassle, so you should only say it at formal events.\\nFor example, if the governor of Washington’s name is James Hert and you are introducing him at a rally, you could say, “And now, The Honorable Hert, Governor of Washington.”\\nIn Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and South Carolina, a Governor’s full title is “Your Excellency, Governor (Surname).”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing a Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address your letter to “The Honorable (Full Name), Governor of (State).”\", \"描述\": \"The outside of your letter should be addressed with the governor’s full title. This includes their title of “The Honorable” followed by their first and last name, as well as mentioning which state or territory that they govern. This is the most traditional way to address a governor, which is why it is still used in letter writing.\\nFor example, your letter should say something like: “The Honorable Maria Culley, Governor of California.”\\nIf you are addressing your letter to a former governor or a governor’s spouse, you can just use “Mr./Mrs. (Surname).”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write “Dear Governor (Surname)” to begin your letter.\", \"描述\": \"The body of your letter should start with the phrase “Dear Governor (Surname).” Once you start your letter, you can address the governor as if you were speaking to them in person. You should never use their first name in a letter because it is seen as disrespectful.\\nFor example, start your letter with “Dear Governor Flinner.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Close your letter with “Sincerely, (Your Title and Full Name).”\", \"描述\": \"You should end your letter by telling the governor what your name and full title is so that they understand who you are professionally. This also helps them address you if they want to write you back.\\n”Sincerely” is a formal way to say goodbye. You can also use phrases like “Best regards,” “Thanks,” and “Yours truly.”\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,256 | How to Address a Judge in Court | 1. Speaking to the Judge
1-1. Use polite language, a calm tone and reserved body language.
Speak clearly and loudly enough to be heard, but don't shout. Don't wave your hands or otherwise make unnecessary gestures when you are speaking to the judge. Always speak politely and respectfully to the judge and all other court officials.
Do not use any phrases that criticize the judge or anyone in the courtroom. Avoid using any words that can be interpreted as threatening toward anyone in the room. Do not use obscene language or slang.
When answering questions, respond to “yes” or “no” questions with appropriate honorifics. In most cases it is important to say "Yes, your honor" or "No, your honor." Using "your honor" is the easiest way to show respect and avoid offending your judge. Do not simply nod your head to answer a question.
Maintain your composure. If you start to lose your temper or get angry, ask the judge for a brief recess. Taking a few minutes to gather your emotions outside of the court's presence is better than yelling or getting angry in front of the judge.
Remember, a judge can hold you in contempt of court, meaning they can give you a fine or even put you in jail for speaking disrespectfully. However, even if they do not, disrespectful behavior can tarnish your testimony and case. In extreme cases, a judge might even dismiss your claim.
1-2. Stand whenever you address the court.
When it is your turn to speak to the judge, rise from your seat. After you are finished talking, sit back down.
This protocol shows that you are being respectful and also lets the judge know when you are done speaking.
1-3. Make eye contact.
Maintain eye contact at all times while the judge is speaking to you. This lets the judge know that you are paying attention to what he or she is saying.
Also look directly at the judge when you are addressing him or her.
1-4. Use the correct form of address.
When you get a chance to speak to the judge, use a form of address that conveys your respect for the judge. Judges should addressed using specific titles that convey the importance of their role.
If you did not get the opportunity to speak to the courtroom staff to get the judge’s preferred form of address, address the judge as “Your Honor.”
1-5. Do not interrupt.
Do not interrupt or "speak over" anyone in the court, including the judge, other court officials, and other attorneys. If you continuously interrupt the judge, he or she can excuse you from the courtroom.
Wait until you are invited by the judge or a court official to speak. Always stand when speaking.
When you address the court, begin by saying, “May it please the court, my name is ___” and then state your business.
1-6. Remember that you are addressing the whole court.
The judge is a representative of the court. Courts act on their own authority, so do not word your questions or statements as though you are making a demand or giving an order.
For example, do not say things like "The court's attention is directed to" or "The court should note." This sounds like you are giving directions for the judge and court to follow, which is not your place.
Instead, use phrases such as "May it please the court" or "The court's attention is invited to." This shows that you are asking to be heard, not making a demand.
1-7. Ask for clarification.
If you do not understand a question that the judge or other court official has asked you, politely explain that you did not understand. Do not answer a question until you understand what you are being asked.
Make sure to keep any requests for clarification “I”-focused. For example, do not tell the judge that s/he did not explain something well enough. Instead, say something like, “I’m sorry, I do not understand that question. Could you explain [point of confusion], please?” Always be respectful and polite when asking for clarification.
1-8. Thank the judge for listening.
When you are done speaking, briefly thank the judge for his or her consideration of your remarks.
2. Conducting Yourself Respectfully in Court
2-1. Arrive early to speak to the clerk or court staff.
Ask the court clerk or the bailiff in the courtroom how the judge prefers to be addressed.
Usually, the bailiff will be available before the judge arrives, and he or she will probably be in the courtroom where you are assigned.
If you wait until the judge is in the courtroom, you likely will not be allowed to approach the court staff.
2-2. Wait to speak to the judge until you are spoken to.
This is another way to be respectful to the judge.
If you must call for the judge’s attention, wait until you can do so without interrupting anyone. Then stand and politely ask the judge, "Your Honor, may I be heard?" If you are not acknowledged, sit down.
You may not approach the judge outside of the courtroom.
2-3. Behave quietly and respectfully in the courtroom.
Do not eat, drink, laugh, talk, chew gum or tobacco, smoke, or otherwise interrupt the proceedings. In some cases, you may not read materials (such as a novel or e-book) that are unrelated to the court business. If you must address other parties, such as your attorney, do not use their first name. Keep your body language polite and respectful at all times.
Some judges are stricter than others about courtroom behavior. Always err on the side of respectfulness, especially if you don't know what the judge permits.
When in court, you should stay as still and quiet as you can. Don't nod or shake your head when others are speaking or when you are being spoken to. Do not put your feet up on tables or chairs. Do not cross your arms over your chest or put your elbows on the table. It is acceptable to take notes, but don't doodle or draw on your notepad. This can appear as disrespect.
Do not communicate with spectators via gestures. Do not roll your eyes or make comments or gestures towards the other parties in the courtroom, including the jury or opposing attorney. Any of these can be grounds for the judge to have you removed from the courtroom by the bailiff.
2-4. Switch off your phone and put it away.
Many courts enforce a total ban on cell phone use. Judges are known to have defendants and lawyers who check their phones during a proceeding removed from the court.
Even if your cell phone is allowed, keep it silenced and out of sight. You do not want to come across as disrespectful or distracted.
2-5. Ask your friends to be respectful.
If you have friends or relatives in the audience, caution them against calling out, talking amongst themselves, or taking pictures, either inside the courtroom or outside. The judge can have the bailiff remove them as well.
For example, one judge had a spectator removed from the Michael Jackson trial for taking pictures of jurors, even though he was outside the courtroom.
Judges can also give spectators warnings, hold them in contempt, or even have them arrested in rare cases.
If you have friends or family members who wish to address the judge, consult your lawyer about having them speak as witnesses.
2-6. Do not interrupt the proceedings.
If you hear something you disagree with, write it down so that you can address it when it is your turn to speak. Never speak in a hearing until you have been invited to do so.
Do not make comments to yourself, even under your breath. You may be dismissed from the courtroom if you do so.
3. Preparing for Your Court Appearance
3-1. Leave your children at home.
Children are often not allowed inside the courtroom unless they are part of the case being heard. Even if you’re allowed to bring your children inside the courtroom, court hearings can be long and boring and can cause young children to misbehave. If you have children, find a babysitter for your court date.
Some courts offer free child care if you must attend a court date and cannot find child care. Check with your court to see if this is an option.
If you cannot find a babysitter, bring another adult with you and ask them to remain outside the courtroom with your child(ren) during your hearing.
3-2. Give yourself extra time to get to court.
Court dates are not like appointments that you may miss and reschedule for later. If you miss your court date for a criminal case, you may be arrested. If you miss your court date for a civil matter, you may lose the case by default. You may also be held in contempt of court if you are late to or miss a hearing.
If you have a valid, urgent reason why you cannot attend your court date, contact the courthouse clerk. You will probably need to file a petition or forms to request a date change.
Remember that you will probably need to find parking if you have driven to the courthouse. If taking public transit, buses and trains can be late. Courthouses are often quite large and it may take you some time to find the correct courtroom. Give yourself plenty of time to find your way.
3-3. Bring your files.
You should bring a copy of all documents and files that are relevant to your case. Also bring a notepad and pen so that you can take notes if you need.
Make sure that you have your court notice document with you. This document will include the details of your Hearing Officer’s name, the date and time of your hearing, and (usually) who you should check in with before the hearing.
Bring multiple copies of any documents and evidence you want to present. Usually, you should bring at least 3 copies of any document: 1 for you, 1 for the court, and 1 for the opposing side.
3-4. Be prepared to go through security.
Most courts require everyone who visits the court to go through a metal detector and a security checkpoint. To prepare for this, make sure that you do not have any weapons or other illegal or prohibited items with you when you arrive at court.
Obvious examples of things not to bring to court include firearms, alcohol, and illegal drugs. Other commonly prohibited items include pepper spray, mace, knives, and razor blades. Some courthouses may also prohibit items such as cigarettes and lighters.
Some courthouses do not allow scissors, nail files, glass containers, wallet chains, pocketknives or other sharp items. If you would not be allowed to take it on an airplane, it’s a good idea to leave your item at home.
If you’re unsure whether something you’re carrying could be prohibited, leave it at home or in your vehicle.
In many cases, personal cameras, video cameras, and other recording devices are not allowed. If you’re unsure whether you’re allowed to bring your electronic device, contact your courthouse.
3-5. Dress appropriately for your court appearance.
How you dress conveys your respect for the judge and the court. Being respectful is an important aspect of addressing a judge correctly and making a good impression on the court. Contact the court staff to ask about your court’s dress code requirements. These may also be posted on the court’s website. While official dress codes may vary, it is a good idea to dress neatly and conservatively.
Ensure all of your clothing is neat, clean, and pressed/ironed. Do not wear stained or torn clothing to your court date. Make sure you have showered and made your hair neat.
Avoid overly expensive or flashy clothing. Do not wear flip-flop (thong) sandals, tennis shoes or sneakers, or scuffed shoes. Avoid clothing with slogans or verbal messages printed on it. Avoid loud or bright colors and heavy patterns. Do not wear jeans, shorts, t-shirts, miniskirts, low-cut or see-through clothing, sleeveless tops or dresses, low-rise pants, or other revealing or informal clothing.
Gender norms remain strong inside most courtrooms. If you are a man, wear a suit and tie if you have them, or a wrinkle-free button-up shirt and pressed slacks. If you are a woman, wear a dress or skirt and blouse if possible. Women may wear slacks or suits as well. Women should avoid heavy makeup and noisy jewelry.
Take a light jacket or sweater. Courtrooms may get cold, especially if you must wait for your hearing.
Unless you have a religious reason to do so, do not wear hats or headgear to court. You are allowed to wear religious headgear such as turbans, hijabs, and kippahs.
3-6. Eat before you go.
Food and drink are rarely allowed in courtrooms. Eat something before you go to the courthouse so that you are able to concentrate on the court business.
If you must have something to drink while in court, you may ask the judicial assistant or court clerk for water. Do not bring your own water to court.
Tips
If your lawyer is present at the hearing, let your lawyer do all the talking. It is usually in your best interest to not speak unless your lawyer or the judge instructs you to to do so.[31]
X
Research source
The protocols given here apply to United States court hearings. Other countries, such as Canada and the U.K., have very different protocols and ways of addressing court officials.
Warnings
This article should be considered legal information, not legal advice.
If a judge finds you in contempt of court, you can be fined or jailed. Criticism of a judge or the proceedings can be adequate grounds for a contempt finding.[32]
X
Research source
| {
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Speaking to the Judge\\n1-1. Use polite language, a calm tone and reserved body language.\\nSpeak clearly and loudly enough to be heard, but don't shout. Don't wave your hands or otherwise make unnecessary gestures when you are speaking to the judge. Always speak politely and respectfully to the judge and all other court officials.\\nDo not use any phrases that criticize the judge or anyone in the courtroom. Avoid using any words that can be interpreted as threatening toward anyone in the room. Do not use obscene language or slang.\\nWhen answering questions, respond to “yes” or “no” questions with appropriate honorifics. In most cases it is important to say \\\"Yes, your honor\\\" or \\\"No, your honor.\\\" Using \\\"your honor\\\" is the easiest way to show respect and avoid offending your judge. Do not simply nod your head to answer a question.\\nMaintain your composure. If you start to lose your temper or get angry, ask the judge for a brief recess. Taking a few minutes to gather your emotions outside of the court's presence is better than yelling or getting angry in front of the judge.\\nRemember, a judge can hold you in contempt of court, meaning they can give you a fine or even put you in jail for speaking disrespectfully. However, even if they do not, disrespectful behavior can tarnish your testimony and case. In extreme cases, a judge might even dismiss your claim.\\n1-2. Stand whenever you address the court.\\nWhen it is your turn to speak to the judge, rise from your seat. After you are finished talking, sit back down.\\nThis protocol shows that you are being respectful and also lets the judge know when you are done speaking.\\n1-3. Make eye contact.\\nMaintain eye contact at all times while the judge is speaking to you. This lets the judge know that you are paying attention to what he or she is saying.\\nAlso look directly at the judge when you are addressing him or her.\\n1-4. Use the correct form of address.\\nWhen you get a chance to speak to the judge, use a form of address that conveys your respect for the judge. Judges should addressed using specific titles that convey the importance of their role.\\nIf you did not get the opportunity to speak to the courtroom staff to get the judge’s preferred form of address, address the judge as “Your Honor.”\\n1-5. Do not interrupt.\\nDo not interrupt or \\\"speak over\\\" anyone in the court, including the judge, other court officials, and other attorneys. If you continuously interrupt the judge, he or she can excuse you from the courtroom.\\nWait until you are invited by the judge or a court official to speak. Always stand when speaking.\\nWhen you address the court, begin by saying, “May it please the court, my name is ___” and then state your business.\\n1-6. Remember that you are addressing the whole court.\\nThe judge is a representative of the court. Courts act on their own authority, so do not word your questions or statements as though you are making a demand or giving an order.\\nFor example, do not say things like \\\"The court's attention is directed to\\\" or \\\"The court should note.\\\" This sounds like you are giving directions for the judge and court to follow, which is not your place.\\nInstead, use phrases such as \\\"May it please the court\\\" or \\\"The court's attention is invited to.\\\" This shows that you are asking to be heard, not making a demand.\\n1-7. Ask for clarification.\\nIf you do not understand a question that the judge or other court official has asked you, politely explain that you did not understand. Do not answer a question until you understand what you are being asked.\\nMake sure to keep any requests for clarification “I”-focused. For example, do not tell the judge that s/he did not explain something well enough. Instead, say something like, “I’m sorry, I do not understand that question. Could you explain [point of confusion], please?” Always be respectful and polite when asking for clarification.\\n1-8. Thank the judge for listening.\\nWhen you are done speaking, briefly thank the judge for his or her consideration of your remarks.\\n2. Conducting Yourself Respectfully in Court\\n2-1. Arrive early to speak to the clerk or court staff.\\nAsk the court clerk or the bailiff in the courtroom how the judge prefers to be addressed.\\nUsually, the bailiff will be available before the judge arrives, and he or she will probably be in the courtroom where you are assigned.\\nIf you wait until the judge is in the courtroom, you likely will not be allowed to approach the court staff.\\n2-2. Wait to speak to the judge until you are spoken to.\\nThis is another way to be respectful to the judge.\\nIf you must call for the judge’s attention, wait until you can do so without interrupting anyone. Then stand and politely ask the judge, \\\"Your Honor, may I be heard?\\\" If you are not acknowledged, sit down.\\nYou may not approach the judge outside of the courtroom.\\n2-3. Behave quietly and respectfully in the courtroom.\\nDo not eat, drink, laugh, talk, chew gum or tobacco, smoke, or otherwise interrupt the proceedings. In some cases, you may not read materials (such as a novel or e-book) that are unrelated to the court business. If you must address other parties, such as your attorney, do not use their first name. Keep your body language polite and respectful at all times.\\nSome judges are stricter than others about courtroom behavior. Always err on the side of respectfulness, especially if you don't know what the judge permits.\\nWhen in court, you should stay as still and quiet as you can. Don't nod or shake your head when others are speaking or when you are being spoken to. Do not put your feet up on tables or chairs. Do not cross your arms over your chest or put your elbows on the table. It is acceptable to take notes, but don't doodle or draw on your notepad. This can appear as disrespect.\\nDo not communicate with spectators via gestures. Do not roll your eyes or make comments or gestures towards the other parties in the courtroom, including the jury or opposing attorney. Any of these can be grounds for the judge to have you removed from the courtroom by the bailiff.\\n2-4. Switch off your phone and put it away.\\nMany courts enforce a total ban on cell phone use. Judges are known to have defendants and lawyers who check their phones during a proceeding removed from the court.\\nEven if your cell phone is allowed, keep it silenced and out of sight. You do not want to come across as disrespectful or distracted.\\n2-5. Ask your friends to be respectful.\\nIf you have friends or relatives in the audience, caution them against calling out, talking amongst themselves, or taking pictures, either inside the courtroom or outside. The judge can have the bailiff remove them as well.\\nFor example, one judge had a spectator removed from the Michael Jackson trial for taking pictures of jurors, even though he was outside the courtroom.\\nJudges can also give spectators warnings, hold them in contempt, or even have them arrested in rare cases.\\nIf you have friends or family members who wish to address the judge, consult your lawyer about having them speak as witnesses.\\n2-6. Do not interrupt the proceedings.\\nIf you hear something you disagree with, write it down so that you can address it when it is your turn to speak. Never speak in a hearing until you have been invited to do so.\\nDo not make comments to yourself, even under your breath. You may be dismissed from the courtroom if you do so.\\n3. Preparing for Your Court Appearance\\n3-1. Leave your children at home.\\nChildren are often not allowed inside the courtroom unless they are part of the case being heard. Even if you’re allowed to bring your children inside the courtroom, court hearings can be long and boring and can cause young children to misbehave. If you have children, find a babysitter for your court date.\\nSome courts offer free child care if you must attend a court date and cannot find child care. Check with your court to see if this is an option.\\nIf you cannot find a babysitter, bring another adult with you and ask them to remain outside the courtroom with your child(ren) during your hearing.\\n3-2. Give yourself extra time to get to court.\\nCourt dates are not like appointments that you may miss and reschedule for later. If you miss your court date for a criminal case, you may be arrested. If you miss your court date for a civil matter, you may lose the case by default. You may also be held in contempt of court if you are late to or miss a hearing.\\nIf you have a valid, urgent reason why you cannot attend your court date, contact the courthouse clerk. You will probably need to file a petition or forms to request a date change.\\nRemember that you will probably need to find parking if you have driven to the courthouse. If taking public transit, buses and trains can be late. Courthouses are often quite large and it may take you some time to find the correct courtroom. Give yourself plenty of time to find your way.\\n3-3. Bring your files.\\nYou should bring a copy of all documents and files that are relevant to your case. Also bring a notepad and pen so that you can take notes if you need.\\nMake sure that you have your court notice document with you. This document will include the details of your Hearing Officer’s name, the date and time of your hearing, and (usually) who you should check in with before the hearing.\\nBring multiple copies of any documents and evidence you want to present. Usually, you should bring at least 3 copies of any document: 1 for you, 1 for the court, and 1 for the opposing side.\\n3-4. Be prepared to go through security.\\nMost courts require everyone who visits the court to go through a metal detector and a security checkpoint. To prepare for this, make sure that you do not have any weapons or other illegal or prohibited items with you when you arrive at court.\\nObvious examples of things not to bring to court include firearms, alcohol, and illegal drugs. Other commonly prohibited items include pepper spray, mace, knives, and razor blades. Some courthouses may also prohibit items such as cigarettes and lighters.\\nSome courthouses do not allow scissors, nail files, glass containers, wallet chains, pocketknives or other sharp items. If you would not be allowed to take it on an airplane, it’s a good idea to leave your item at home.\\nIf you’re unsure whether something you’re carrying could be prohibited, leave it at home or in your vehicle.\\nIn many cases, personal cameras, video cameras, and other recording devices are not allowed. If you’re unsure whether you’re allowed to bring your electronic device, contact your courthouse.\\n3-5. Dress appropriately for your court appearance.\\nHow you dress conveys your respect for the judge and the court. Being respectful is an important aspect of addressing a judge correctly and making a good impression on the court. Contact the court staff to ask about your court’s dress code requirements. These may also be posted on the court’s website. While official dress codes may vary, it is a good idea to dress neatly and conservatively.\\nEnsure all of your clothing is neat, clean, and pressed/ironed. Do not wear stained or torn clothing to your court date. Make sure you have showered and made your hair neat.\\nAvoid overly expensive or flashy clothing. Do not wear flip-flop (thong) sandals, tennis shoes or sneakers, or scuffed shoes. Avoid clothing with slogans or verbal messages printed on it. Avoid loud or bright colors and heavy patterns. Do not wear jeans, shorts, t-shirts, miniskirts, low-cut or see-through clothing, sleeveless tops or dresses, low-rise pants, or other revealing or informal clothing.\\nGender norms remain strong inside most courtrooms. If you are a man, wear a suit and tie if you have them, or a wrinkle-free button-up shirt and pressed slacks. If you are a woman, wear a dress or skirt and blouse if possible. Women may wear slacks or suits as well. Women should avoid heavy makeup and noisy jewelry.\\nTake a light jacket or sweater. Courtrooms may get cold, especially if you must wait for your hearing.\\nUnless you have a religious reason to do so, do not wear hats or headgear to court. You are allowed to wear religious headgear such as turbans, hijabs, and kippahs.\\n3-6. Eat before you go.\\nFood and drink are rarely allowed in courtrooms. Eat something before you go to the courthouse so that you are able to concentrate on the court business.\\nIf you must have something to drink while in court, you may ask the judicial assistant or court clerk for water. Do not bring your own water to court.\\nTips\\nIf your lawyer is present at the hearing, let your lawyer do all the talking. It is usually in your best interest to not speak unless your lawyer or the judge instructs you to to do so.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nThe protocols given here apply to United States court hearings. Other countries, such as Canada and the U.K., have very different protocols and ways of addressing court officials.\\nWarnings\\nThis article should be considered legal information, not legal advice.\\nIf a judge finds you in contempt of court, you can be fined or jailed. Criticism of a judge or the proceedings can be adequate grounds for a contempt finding.[32]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you represent yourself in a legal matter, you will need to know how to address a judge appropriately. A judge has control in the courtroom and, in many civil cases, will make many decisions in your case. It is important to speak politely and maintain an even temper. In most cases, you will use the phrase \\\"Your Honor\\\" when you speak to a judge, but you should also know how to communicate yourself through body language and how you behave. These presentations are just as important as what you say to the judge. With a little preparation and attention to detail, you can learn to properly address a judge in court.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Speaking to the Judge\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use polite language, a calm tone and reserved body language.\", \"描述\": \"Speak clearly and loudly enough to be heard, but don't shout. Don't wave your hands or otherwise make unnecessary gestures when you are speaking to the judge. Always speak politely and respectfully to the judge and all other court officials.\\nDo not use any phrases that criticize the judge or anyone in the courtroom. Avoid using any words that can be interpreted as threatening toward anyone in the room. Do not use obscene language or slang.\\nWhen answering questions, respond to “yes” or “no” questions with appropriate honorifics. In most cases it is important to say \\\"Yes, your honor\\\" or \\\"No, your honor.\\\" Using \\\"your honor\\\" is the easiest way to show respect and avoid offending your judge. Do not simply nod your head to answer a question.\\nMaintain your composure. If you start to lose your temper or get angry, ask the judge for a brief recess. Taking a few minutes to gather your emotions outside of the court's presence is better than yelling or getting angry in front of the judge.\\nRemember, a judge can hold you in contempt of court, meaning they can give you a fine or even put you in jail for speaking disrespectfully. However, even if they do not, disrespectful behavior can tarnish your testimony and case. In extreme cases, a judge might even dismiss your claim.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stand whenever you address the court.\", \"描述\": \"When it is your turn to speak to the judge, rise from your seat. After you are finished talking, sit back down.\\nThis protocol shows that you are being respectful and also lets the judge know when you are done speaking.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make eye contact.\", \"描述\": \"Maintain eye contact at all times while the judge is speaking to you. This lets the judge know that you are paying attention to what he or she is saying.\\nAlso look directly at the judge when you are addressing him or her.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use the correct form of address.\", \"描述\": \"When you get a chance to speak to the judge, use a form of address that conveys your respect for the judge. Judges should addressed using specific titles that convey the importance of their role.\\nIf you did not get the opportunity to speak to the courtroom staff to get the judge’s preferred form of address, address the judge as “Your Honor.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do not interrupt.\", \"描述\": \"Do not interrupt or \\\"speak over\\\" anyone in the court, including the judge, other court officials, and other attorneys. If you continuously interrupt the judge, he or she can excuse you from the courtroom.\\nWait until you are invited by the judge or a court official to speak. Always stand when speaking.\\nWhen you address the court, begin by saying, “May it please the court, my name is ___” and then state your business.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Remember that you are addressing the whole court.\", \"描述\": \"The judge is a representative of the court. Courts act on their own authority, so do not word your questions or statements as though you are making a demand or giving an order.\\nFor example, do not say things like \\\"The court's attention is directed to\\\" or \\\"The court should note.\\\" This sounds like you are giving directions for the judge and court to follow, which is not your place.\\nInstead, use phrases such as \\\"May it please the court\\\" or \\\"The court's attention is invited to.\\\" This shows that you are asking to be heard, not making a demand.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Ask for clarification.\", \"描述\": \"If you do not understand a question that the judge or other court official has asked you, politely explain that you did not understand. Do not answer a question until you understand what you are being asked.\\nMake sure to keep any requests for clarification “I”-focused. For example, do not tell the judge that s/he did not explain something well enough. Instead, say something like, “I’m sorry, I do not understand that question. Could you explain [point of confusion], please?” Always be respectful and polite when asking for clarification.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Thank the judge for listening.\", \"描述\": \"When you are done speaking, briefly thank the judge for his or her consideration of your remarks.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Conducting Yourself Respectfully in Court\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Arrive early to speak to the clerk or court staff.\", \"描述\": \"Ask the court clerk or the bailiff in the courtroom how the judge prefers to be addressed.\\nUsually, the bailiff will be available before the judge arrives, and he or she will probably be in the courtroom where you are assigned.\\nIf you wait until the judge is in the courtroom, you likely will not be allowed to approach the court staff.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wait to speak to the judge until you are spoken to.\", \"描述\": \"This is another way to be respectful to the judge.\\nIf you must call for the judge’s attention, wait until you can do so without interrupting anyone. Then stand and politely ask the judge, \\\"Your Honor, may I be heard?\\\" If you are not acknowledged, sit down.\\nYou may not approach the judge outside of the courtroom.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Behave quietly and respectfully in the courtroom.\", \"描述\": \"Do not eat, drink, laugh, talk, chew gum or tobacco, smoke, or otherwise interrupt the proceedings. In some cases, you may not read materials (such as a novel or e-book) that are unrelated to the court business. If you must address other parties, such as your attorney, do not use their first name. Keep your body language polite and respectful at all times.\\nSome judges are stricter than others about courtroom behavior. Always err on the side of respectfulness, especially if you don't know what the judge permits.\\nWhen in court, you should stay as still and quiet as you can. Don't nod or shake your head when others are speaking or when you are being spoken to. Do not put your feet up on tables or chairs. Do not cross your arms over your chest or put your elbows on the table. It is acceptable to take notes, but don't doodle or draw on your notepad. This can appear as disrespect.\\nDo not communicate with spectators via gestures. Do not roll your eyes or make comments or gestures towards the other parties in the courtroom, including the jury or opposing attorney. Any of these can be grounds for the judge to have you removed from the courtroom by the bailiff.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Switch off your phone and put it away.\", \"描述\": \"Many courts enforce a total ban on cell phone use. Judges are known to have defendants and lawyers who check their phones during a proceeding removed from the court.\\nEven if your cell phone is allowed, keep it silenced and out of sight. You do not want to come across as disrespectful or distracted.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Ask your friends to be respectful.\", \"描述\": \"If you have friends or relatives in the audience, caution them against calling out, talking amongst themselves, or taking pictures, either inside the courtroom or outside. The judge can have the bailiff remove them as well.\\nFor example, one judge had a spectator removed from the Michael Jackson trial for taking pictures of jurors, even though he was outside the courtroom.\\nJudges can also give spectators warnings, hold them in contempt, or even have them arrested in rare cases.\\nIf you have friends or family members who wish to address the judge, consult your lawyer about having them speak as witnesses.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do not interrupt the proceedings.\", \"描述\": \"If you hear something you disagree with, write it down so that you can address it when it is your turn to speak. Never speak in a hearing until you have been invited to do so.\\nDo not make comments to yourself, even under your breath. You may be dismissed from the courtroom if you do so.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Your Court Appearance\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Leave your children at home.\", \"描述\": \"Children are often not allowed inside the courtroom unless they are part of the case being heard. Even if you’re allowed to bring your children inside the courtroom, court hearings can be long and boring and can cause young children to misbehave. If you have children, find a babysitter for your court date.\\nSome courts offer free child care if you must attend a court date and cannot find child care. Check with your court to see if this is an option.\\nIf you cannot find a babysitter, bring another adult with you and ask them to remain outside the courtroom with your child(ren) during your hearing.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Give yourself extra time to get to court.\", \"描述\": \"Court dates are not like appointments that you may miss and reschedule for later. If you miss your court date for a criminal case, you may be arrested. If you miss your court date for a civil matter, you may lose the case by default. You may also be held in contempt of court if you are late to or miss a hearing.\\nIf you have a valid, urgent reason why you cannot attend your court date, contact the courthouse clerk. You will probably need to file a petition or forms to request a date change.\\nRemember that you will probably need to find parking if you have driven to the courthouse. If taking public transit, buses and trains can be late. Courthouses are often quite large and it may take you some time to find the correct courtroom. Give yourself plenty of time to find your way.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Bring your files.\", \"描述\": \"You should bring a copy of all documents and files that are relevant to your case. Also bring a notepad and pen so that you can take notes if you need.\\nMake sure that you have your court notice document with you. This document will include the details of your Hearing Officer’s name, the date and time of your hearing, and (usually) who you should check in with before the hearing.\\nBring multiple copies of any documents and evidence you want to present. Usually, you should bring at least 3 copies of any document: 1 for you, 1 for the court, and 1 for the opposing side.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to go through security.\", \"描述\": \"Most courts require everyone who visits the court to go through a metal detector and a security checkpoint. To prepare for this, make sure that you do not have any weapons or other illegal or prohibited items with you when you arrive at court.\\nObvious examples of things not to bring to court include firearms, alcohol, and illegal drugs. Other commonly prohibited items include pepper spray, mace, knives, and razor blades. Some courthouses may also prohibit items such as cigarettes and lighters.\\nSome courthouses do not allow scissors, nail files, glass containers, wallet chains, pocketknives or other sharp items. If you would not be allowed to take it on an airplane, it’s a good idea to leave your item at home.\\nIf you’re unsure whether something you’re carrying could be prohibited, leave it at home or in your vehicle.\\nIn many cases, personal cameras, video cameras, and other recording devices are not allowed. If you’re unsure whether you’re allowed to bring your electronic device, contact your courthouse.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Dress appropriately for your court appearance.\", \"描述\": \"How you dress conveys your respect for the judge and the court. Being respectful is an important aspect of addressing a judge correctly and making a good impression on the court. Contact the court staff to ask about your court’s dress code requirements. These may also be posted on the court’s website. While official dress codes may vary, it is a good idea to dress neatly and conservatively.\\nEnsure all of your clothing is neat, clean, and pressed/ironed. Do not wear stained or torn clothing to your court date. Make sure you have showered and made your hair neat.\\nAvoid overly expensive or flashy clothing. Do not wear flip-flop (thong) sandals, tennis shoes or sneakers, or scuffed shoes. Avoid clothing with slogans or verbal messages printed on it. Avoid loud or bright colors and heavy patterns. Do not wear jeans, shorts, t-shirts, miniskirts, low-cut or see-through clothing, sleeveless tops or dresses, low-rise pants, or other revealing or informal clothing.\\nGender norms remain strong inside most courtrooms. If you are a man, wear a suit and tie if you have them, or a wrinkle-free button-up shirt and pressed slacks. If you are a woman, wear a dress or skirt and blouse if possible. Women may wear slacks or suits as well. Women should avoid heavy makeup and noisy jewelry.\\nTake a light jacket or sweater. Courtrooms may get cold, especially if you must wait for your hearing.\\nUnless you have a religious reason to do so, do not wear hats or headgear to court. You are allowed to wear religious headgear such as turbans, hijabs, and kippahs.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Eat before you go.\", \"描述\": \"Food and drink are rarely allowed in courtrooms. Eat something before you go to the courthouse so that you are able to concentrate on the court business.\\nIf you must have something to drink while in court, you may ask the judicial assistant or court clerk for water. Do not bring your own water to court.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If your lawyer is present at the hearing, let your lawyer do all the talking. It is usually in your best interest to not speak unless your lawyer or the judge instructs you to to do so.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"The protocols given here apply to United States court hearings. Other countries, such as Canada and the U.K., have very different protocols and ways of addressing court officials.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"This article should be considered legal information, not legal advice.\\n\", \"If a judge finds you in contempt of court, you can be fined or jailed. Criticism of a judge or the proceedings can be adequate grounds for a contempt finding.[32]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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1,257 | How to Address a Large Envelope | 1. Recipient’s Address
1-1. Put the envelope flap-side down.
Your envelope probably has a long flap that clasps or seals the contents inside. You don’t want your address to be written on the same side as this flap.
1-2. Position the address in the center of the envelope.
While you don’t need to take out a ruler and find the true center of the envelope, try to be as accurate as possible. The address shouldn’t be way over to the left or right, or too close to the top or bottom of the envelope.
1-3. Start with the recipient’s legal name.
Don’t use just a nickname or something like “Grandma Suzy.” Instead, clearly print the recipient’s first name followed by their last name. You don’t need to include their middle name unless they generally use it in their official correspondence instead of their first name.
This first line would look something like, “Jenna Martinez.”
If you’d like, you can include the recipient’s title (Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., etc.) before their name.
It’s best to avoid writing in cursive when addressing mail. Printed block letters are easier for postal workers to read.
1-4. Use the following lines for a department name or institution.
If you’re sending this envelope to a company, school, or other institution, print that out next. It’s best to be as specific as possible, so if you know the specific department you’re sending the letter to, include that as well. Use 2 separate lines for this information.
For example, if you were sending your large envelope to the University of Oregon’s English Department, the second line would look like this, “Department of English,” and the third line would be, “University of Oregon.”
1-5. Put the recipient’s house number and street address on the next line.
If you’re sending your envelope to a P.O. Box rather than a street address, put that down instead. Double check that you’re writing down the correct information. Flipping 2 numbers, for example, could easily send your large envelope to the wrong spot!
For example, you might write, “125 East Main St.” or “P.O. Box 8795.”
Don’t forget to add a direction if the street name includes one. You can use abbreviations (N, W, S, E, NW, etc.).
1-6. Add apartment or suite numbers on a separate line.
To avoid making the line that includes the house number and street address too long, go to the next one for this extra info. It’ll make it easier for the postal worker to find it.
You can abbreviate “apartment” to “apt” and “suite” to “ste.” So this line might look like, “Apt. 4D” or “Ste. 45.”
1-7. Place the city, state, and zip code on the last line.
The city should come first, followed by a comma. Then, write the state’s correct abbreviation. Look up the correct abbreviation at: https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apb.htm. End with the zip code.
This line might look something like, “Easton, CT 06612.”
It’s very important that you use the correct zip code, so double check this information online before you write it down.
2. Return Address
2-1. Ensure the envelope is face-up.
Write the address on the side that doesn’t have a flap or a seal.
2-2. Write the return address in the top left corner.
There shouldn’t be more than a sliver of space between the edge of the envelope and the return address.
2-3. Use your full name.
Start with your first name, then write out your last name. Only use a nickname or middle name if that’s what you generally use in your official correspondence.
When in doubt, include both your first name and a middle or nickname. You might write, “Mr. John “Jimmy” Reynolds,” for example.
2-4. Add the name of a company or department if you need to.
If you’re sending official correspondence from your institution, use the next line or 2 to communicate that to your recipient. Then they’ll know exactly what to expect when they open the envelope!
So, for example, you could write, “Human Relations Dept.” on 1 line and “General Electric” on the next line.
2-5. Stick the house number and street address on the next line.
The house number should come first, followed by the street name. Be sure you’re using the correct information, including the direction if that’s part of the street address. Even something like putting “Drive” instead of “Rd.” could send your envelope to the wrong place.
Expect a typical house number and street address to look something like, “6100 Cortaderia St. NW.” Be aware that the direction may come before or after the street name. Consult your local post office if you’re unsure where to place the direction.
If you have a P.O. Box, write this down instead.
2-6. Put apartment or suite numbers on a separate line.
This will keep the lines of your return address from straying too far to the center of the envelope. Use the abbreviations “apt” and “ste” to keep the address nice and trim.
2-7. End with the city, state, and zip code.
Double check the abbreviation by visiting: https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apb.htm. Proofread your address once you’ve written it down to make sure you didn’t flip a number or 2 in the zip code.
This last line should look something like, “Valdosta, GA 31602.”
If your envelope can’t make it to the recipient for some reason, it’ll be returned to you. To ensure this happens, it’s important for your address to be accurate. Don’t rush through writing your own address just because you know it so well!
3. Sending the Envelope
3-1. Use an envelope that’s no bigger than 12 by 15 inches (30 by 38 cm).
These are the maximum length and height measurements for large envelopes. Anything larger than this qualifies as a parcel, and it’ll cost more to send.
3-2. Check that your envelope isn’t thicker than ⁄4 inch (1.9 cm).
Place the item you’re sending into your envelope. Once it’s in there, use a ruler to see how thick the envelope is. If it’s too thick, the post office will define it as a parcel. Try to make sure the item is the same amount of thickness all over the envelope. A lumpy envelope with some thicker parts and some thinner parts will also be characterized as a parcel.
3-3. Weigh your item to see how much postage you need to pay.
Go to page 37 of the United States Postal Service’s (USPS) price guide: https://pe.usps.com/cpim/ftp/manuals/dmm300/Notice123.pdf. This will tell you the amount you’ll need to pay per ounce. You can use multiple stamps to reach the total amount or visit the post office to pay by cash, check, or card. It costs $0.98 USD to send a large envelope that weighs 1 ounce (28 g).
So long as your large envelope weighs less than 13 ounces (370 g), you can send it by dropping it in a blue USPS mailbox or by leaving it in your home mailbox with the red flag raised.
3-4. Pay a lower price if your envelope is letter-sized.
If your envelope is less than 6 ⁄8 by 11 ⁄2 inches (16 by 29 cm), it counts as a letter rather than a large envelope. This means you don’t have to pay as much! Your letter can’t, however, be thicker than ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm).
Tips
These measurement specifications are for large envelopes sent through USPS. Most countries’ postal services have a similar classification of “large envelope” or “large letter,” but their maximum weight, thickness, and length/height specifications may be slightly different. Check with your local post office to be sure you’re following the rules.[12]
X
Research source
Consider addressing your large envelope in pencil first, then writing over the address black ink once you’re sure your information is correct.
Visit your local post office if you’re concerned you’re not addressing your large envelope correctly. They’ll be able to help you get your envelope to where it needs to go!
Warnings
If your envelope is non-rectangular or if it parts of it are thicker than others, it qualifies as a “parcel” and you’ll be charged more to send it. It also qualifies as a parcel if the envelope material is “rigid” (something like cardboard).
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Recipient’s Address\\n1-1. Put the envelope flap-side down.\\nYour envelope probably has a long flap that clasps or seals the contents inside. You don’t want your address to be written on the same side as this flap.\\n1-2. Position the address in the center of the envelope.\\nWhile you don’t need to take out a ruler and find the true center of the envelope, try to be as accurate as possible. The address shouldn’t be way over to the left or right, or too close to the top or bottom of the envelope.\\n1-3. Start with the recipient’s legal name.\\nDon’t use just a nickname or something like “Grandma Suzy.” Instead, clearly print the recipient’s first name followed by their last name. You don’t need to include their middle name unless they generally use it in their official correspondence instead of their first name.\\nThis first line would look something like, “Jenna Martinez.”\\nIf you’d like, you can include the recipient’s title (Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., etc.) before their name.\\nIt’s best to avoid writing in cursive when addressing mail. Printed block letters are easier for postal workers to read.\\n1-4. Use the following lines for a department name or institution.\\nIf you’re sending this envelope to a company, school, or other institution, print that out next. It’s best to be as specific as possible, so if you know the specific department you’re sending the letter to, include that as well. Use 2 separate lines for this information.\\nFor example, if you were sending your large envelope to the University of Oregon’s English Department, the second line would look like this, “Department of English,” and the third line would be, “University of Oregon.”\\n1-5. Put the recipient’s house number and street address on the next line.\\nIf you’re sending your envelope to a P.O. Box rather than a street address, put that down instead. Double check that you’re writing down the correct information. Flipping 2 numbers, for example, could easily send your large envelope to the wrong spot! \\nFor example, you might write, “125 East Main St.” or “P.O. Box 8795.”\\nDon’t forget to add a direction if the street name includes one. You can use abbreviations (N, W, S, E, NW, etc.).\\n1-6. Add apartment or suite numbers on a separate line.\\nTo avoid making the line that includes the house number and street address too long, go to the next one for this extra info. It’ll make it easier for the postal worker to find it.\\nYou can abbreviate “apartment” to “apt” and “suite” to “ste.” So this line might look like, “Apt. 4D” or “Ste. 45.”\\n1-7. Place the city, state, and zip code on the last line.\\nThe city should come first, followed by a comma. Then, write the state’s correct abbreviation. Look up the correct abbreviation at: https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apb.htm. End with the zip code. \\nThis line might look something like, “Easton, CT 06612.”\\nIt’s very important that you use the correct zip code, so double check this information online before you write it down.\\n2. Return Address\\n2-1. Ensure the envelope is face-up.\\nWrite the address on the side that doesn’t have a flap or a seal.\\n2-2. Write the return address in the top left corner.\\nThere shouldn’t be more than a sliver of space between the edge of the envelope and the return address.\\n2-3. Use your full name.\\nStart with your first name, then write out your last name. Only use a nickname or middle name if that’s what you generally use in your official correspondence.\\nWhen in doubt, include both your first name and a middle or nickname. You might write, “Mr. John “Jimmy” Reynolds,” for example.\\n2-4. Add the name of a company or department if you need to.\\nIf you’re sending official correspondence from your institution, use the next line or 2 to communicate that to your recipient. Then they’ll know exactly what to expect when they open the envelope!\\nSo, for example, you could write, “Human Relations Dept.” on 1 line and “General Electric” on the next line.\\n2-5. Stick the house number and street address on the next line.\\nThe house number should come first, followed by the street name. Be sure you’re using the correct information, including the direction if that’s part of the street address. Even something like putting “Drive” instead of “Rd.” could send your envelope to the wrong place. \\nExpect a typical house number and street address to look something like, “6100 Cortaderia St. NW.” Be aware that the direction may come before or after the street name. Consult your local post office if you’re unsure where to place the direction.\\nIf you have a P.O. Box, write this down instead.\\n2-6. Put apartment or suite numbers on a separate line.\\nThis will keep the lines of your return address from straying too far to the center of the envelope. Use the abbreviations “apt” and “ste” to keep the address nice and trim.\\n2-7. End with the city, state, and zip code.\\nDouble check the abbreviation by visiting: https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apb.htm. Proofread your address once you’ve written it down to make sure you didn’t flip a number or 2 in the zip code. \\nThis last line should look something like, “Valdosta, GA 31602.”\\nIf your envelope can’t make it to the recipient for some reason, it’ll be returned to you. To ensure this happens, it’s important for your address to be accurate. Don’t rush through writing your own address just because you know it so well!\\n3. Sending the Envelope\\n3-1. Use an envelope that’s no bigger than 12 by 15 inches (30 by 38 cm).\\nThese are the maximum length and height measurements for large envelopes. Anything larger than this qualifies as a parcel, and it’ll cost more to send.\\n3-2. Check that your envelope isn’t thicker than ⁄4 inch (1.9 cm).\\nPlace the item you’re sending into your envelope. Once it’s in there, use a ruler to see how thick the envelope is. If it’s too thick, the post office will define it as a parcel. Try to make sure the item is the same amount of thickness all over the envelope. A lumpy envelope with some thicker parts and some thinner parts will also be characterized as a parcel.\\n3-3. Weigh your item to see how much postage you need to pay.\\nGo to page 37 of the United States Postal Service’s (USPS) price guide: https://pe.usps.com/cpim/ftp/manuals/dmm300/Notice123.pdf. This will tell you the amount you’ll need to pay per ounce. You can use multiple stamps to reach the total amount or visit the post office to pay by cash, check, or card. It costs $0.98 USD to send a large envelope that weighs 1 ounce (28 g).\\nSo long as your large envelope weighs less than 13 ounces (370 g), you can send it by dropping it in a blue USPS mailbox or by leaving it in your home mailbox with the red flag raised.\\n3-4. Pay a lower price if your envelope is letter-sized.\\nIf your envelope is less than 6 ⁄8 by 11 ⁄2 inches (16 by 29 cm), it counts as a letter rather than a large envelope. This means you don’t have to pay as much! Your letter can’t, however, be thicker than ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm).\\nTips\\nThese measurement specifications are for large envelopes sent through USPS. Most countries’ postal services have a similar classification of “large envelope” or “large letter,” but their maximum weight, thickness, and length/height specifications may be slightly different. Check with your local post office to be sure you’re following the rules.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nConsider addressing your large envelope in pencil first, then writing over the address black ink once you’re sure your information is correct.\\nVisit your local post office if you’re concerned you’re not addressing your large envelope correctly. They’ll be able to help you get your envelope to where it needs to go!\\nWarnings\\nIf your envelope is non-rectangular or if it parts of it are thicker than others, it qualifies as a “parcel” and you’ll be charged more to send it. It also qualifies as a parcel if the envelope material is “rigid” (something like cardboard).\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Addressing a large envelope (also known as a “flat”) is the same as addressing a typical letter. Put the recipient’s address in the center of the envelope and the return address in the top left corner. Be sure all your information is accurate and list it in the correct order to make your mail arrive safely at its destination. You’ll also want to follow the measurement requirements for large envelopes to pay the correct amount in postage.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recipient’s Address\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Put the envelope flap-side down.\", \"描述\": \"Your envelope probably has a long flap that clasps or seals the contents inside. You don’t want your address to be written on the same side as this flap.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Position the address in the center of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"While you don’t need to take out a ruler and find the true center of the envelope, try to be as accurate as possible. The address shouldn’t be way over to the left or right, or too close to the top or bottom of the envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start with the recipient’s legal name.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t use just a nickname or something like “Grandma Suzy.” Instead, clearly print the recipient’s first name followed by their last name. You don’t need to include their middle name unless they generally use it in their official correspondence instead of their first name.\\nThis first line would look something like, “Jenna Martinez.”\\nIf you’d like, you can include the recipient’s title (Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., etc.) before their name.\\nIt’s best to avoid writing in cursive when addressing mail. Printed block letters are easier for postal workers to read.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use the following lines for a department name or institution.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re sending this envelope to a company, school, or other institution, print that out next. It’s best to be as specific as possible, so if you know the specific department you’re sending the letter to, include that as well. Use 2 separate lines for this information.\\nFor example, if you were sending your large envelope to the University of Oregon’s English Department, the second line would look like this, “Department of English,” and the third line would be, “University of Oregon.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Put the recipient’s house number and street address on the next line.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re sending your envelope to a P.O. Box rather than a street address, put that down instead. Double check that you’re writing down the correct information. Flipping 2 numbers, for example, could easily send your large envelope to the wrong spot! \\nFor example, you might write, “125 East Main St.” or “P.O. Box 8795.”\\nDon’t forget to add a direction if the street name includes one. You can use abbreviations (N, W, S, E, NW, etc.).\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Add apartment or suite numbers on a separate line.\", \"描述\": \"To avoid making the line that includes the house number and street address too long, go to the next one for this extra info. It’ll make it easier for the postal worker to find it.\\nYou can abbreviate “apartment” to “apt” and “suite” to “ste.” So this line might look like, “Apt. 4D” or “Ste. 45.”\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Place the city, state, and zip code on the last line.\", \"描述\": \"The city should come first, followed by a comma. Then, write the state’s correct abbreviation. Look up the correct abbreviation at: https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apb.htm. End with the zip code. \\nThis line might look something like, “Easton, CT 06612.”\\nIt’s very important that you use the correct zip code, so double check this information online before you write it down.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Return Address\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ensure the envelope is face-up.\", \"描述\": \"Write the address on the side that doesn’t have a flap or a seal.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the return address in the top left corner.\", \"描述\": \"There shouldn’t be more than a sliver of space between the edge of the envelope and the return address.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use your full name.\", \"描述\": \"Start with your first name, then write out your last name. Only use a nickname or middle name if that’s what you generally use in your official correspondence.\\nWhen in doubt, include both your first name and a middle or nickname. You might write, “Mr. John “Jimmy” Reynolds,” for example.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add the name of a company or department if you need to.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re sending official correspondence from your institution, use the next line or 2 to communicate that to your recipient. Then they’ll know exactly what to expect when they open the envelope!\\nSo, for example, you could write, “Human Relations Dept.” on 1 line and “General Electric” on the next line.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stick the house number and street address on the next line.\", \"描述\": \"The house number should come first, followed by the street name. Be sure you’re using the correct information, including the direction if that’s part of the street address. Even something like putting “Drive” instead of “Rd.” could send your envelope to the wrong place. \\nExpect a typical house number and street address to look something like, “6100 Cortaderia St. NW.” Be aware that the direction may come before or after the street name. Consult your local post office if you’re unsure where to place the direction.\\nIf you have a P.O. Box, write this down instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Put apartment or suite numbers on a separate line.\", \"描述\": \"This will keep the lines of your return address from straying too far to the center of the envelope. Use the abbreviations “apt” and “ste” to keep the address nice and trim.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"End with the city, state, and zip code.\", \"描述\": \"Double check the abbreviation by visiting: https://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apb.htm. Proofread your address once you’ve written it down to make sure you didn’t flip a number or 2 in the zip code. \\nThis last line should look something like, “Valdosta, GA 31602.”\\nIf your envelope can’t make it to the recipient for some reason, it’ll be returned to you. To ensure this happens, it’s important for your address to be accurate. Don’t rush through writing your own address just because you know it so well!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sending the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use an envelope that’s no bigger than 12 by 15 inches (30 by 38 cm).\", \"描述\": \"These are the maximum length and height measurements for large envelopes. Anything larger than this qualifies as a parcel, and it’ll cost more to send.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check that your envelope isn’t thicker than ⁄4 inch (1.9 cm).\", \"描述\": \"Place the item you’re sending into your envelope. Once it’s in there, use a ruler to see how thick the envelope is. If it’s too thick, the post office will define it as a parcel. Try to make sure the item is the same amount of thickness all over the envelope. A lumpy envelope with some thicker parts and some thinner parts will also be characterized as a parcel.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Weigh your item to see how much postage you need to pay.\", \"描述\": \"Go to page 37 of the United States Postal Service’s (USPS) price guide: https://pe.usps.com/cpim/ftp/manuals/dmm300/Notice123.pdf. This will tell you the amount you’ll need to pay per ounce. You can use multiple stamps to reach the total amount or visit the post office to pay by cash, check, or card. It costs $0.98 USD to send a large envelope that weighs 1 ounce (28 g).\\nSo long as your large envelope weighs less than 13 ounces (370 g), you can send it by dropping it in a blue USPS mailbox or by leaving it in your home mailbox with the red flag raised.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pay a lower price if your envelope is letter-sized.\", \"描述\": \"If your envelope is less than 6 ⁄8 by 11 ⁄2 inches (16 by 29 cm), it counts as a letter rather than a large envelope. This means you don’t have to pay as much! Your letter can’t, however, be thicker than ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm).\"}], \"小提示\": [\"These measurement specifications are for large envelopes sent through USPS. Most countries’ postal services have a similar classification of “large envelope” or “large letter,” but their maximum weight, thickness, and length/height specifications may be slightly different. Check with your local post office to be sure you’re following the rules.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Consider addressing your large envelope in pencil first, then writing over the address black ink once you’re sure your information is correct.\\n\", \"Visit your local post office if you’re concerned you’re not addressing your large envelope correctly. They’ll be able to help you get your envelope to where it needs to go!\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If your envelope is non-rectangular or if it parts of it are thicker than others, it qualifies as a “parcel” and you’ll be charged more to send it. It also qualifies as a parcel if the envelope material is “rigid” (something like cardboard).\\n\"]}]}}",
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} | wikihow |
1,258 | How to Address a Letter | 1. Writing an Address on an Envelope
1-1. Put your name and address in the top left corner of the envelope.
It’s important to put your own address on the letter so the post office can return it if it can’t be delivered. Use a pen or pencil to write your name in the top left corner of your envelope. Under your name, write your street address or P.O. box. Below your street address, put your city, state, and zip code.
You’d write your address like this:
Tyler Hamilton
123 Scenic Drive
Houston, TX 77007
1-2. Write your recipient's full name in the middle of the envelope.
Include the person’s preferred title, such as Mr., Ms., or Dr. Then, spell out their first and last name, capitalizing the first letter of each name.
If you’re writing to a couple, provide both of their names unless they prefer to be addressed as Mr. and Mrs.
For a family, write out the family name for a casual letter, such as “The LaCour Family.” If you’re sending a formal letter to a family, write the parents on the first line with their titles, then write the children’s names on the line below the parents. You might write, “Mr. Micah and Ms. Sarah Smith” on the first line and “Callie, Mindy, and Seth” on the second line.
1-3. Include the company name on the next line for a business letter.
You don’t need to write the company name if you’re writing a personal letter. However, it can help your letter reach the correct person at a business if you’re writing a letter for work. Put the company name on the line below the recipient’s name.
You might write, “University of Houston” or “Bayou Enterprises.”
1-4. Put the recipient’s street address or P.O.
Write the number of the street address first, followed by the street name. Spell out the entire street name rather than abbreviating it if you’re writing a business or formal letter. Additionally, capitalize the first letter of each word.
As an example, you’d write “Laurel Avenue” rather than “Laurel Ave.” in a business letter or formal.
If you’re writing a personal letter, it’s okay to write “Hamilton St.” or “Liberty Ln.”
1-5. Write an apartment or office number on the address line or below it.
Some addresses include an apartment or office number. To ensure your letter arrives, include this information right after the street name or on the line below it. Label an apartment as “apt.” or “apartment.” Put “office” or “suite” if you’re sending the letter to a workplace.
You might write: 123 Liberty Lane Apt. 3. or 555 Laurel Avenue Suite 44.
1-6. Include the city, state, and zip code below the street address.
Directly below the street address, write out the city, followed by a comma. Then, put the state and zip code. Be sure to capitalize the city and state.
For instance, you'd write, "Orange, TX 77630."
1-7. Write the country name after the address for an international letter.
You only need to include the country if you’re sending international mail. If so, put the name of the country where your recipient lives directly below their address. Write out the name or abbreviation for the country using all capital letters.
You might write, “USA” or “UNITED KINGDOM.”
1-8. Put a postage stamp in the top right corner of the envelope.
The postal service won’t deliver your mail unless you include postage. Affix a stamp to the top right corner of your envelope to make sure it reaches its destination.
If you’re mailing a letter internationally, use an international stamp for correct postage.
2. Choosing the Right Title for Your Recipient
2-1. Refer to women as Ms.
Addressing letters to women can be difficult because etiquette is evolving with gender roles. Ms. is an appropriate title for all women and is the safest option when you're addressing a professional. Always use Ms. as your default title for women. However, use Miss or Mrs. if you know your recipient prefers it.
For instance, you’d write Ms. Veronica Johnson or Miss Alyson Meyer.
2-2. Call men of all ages Mr.
It’s easy to address letters to men because you can always use Mr, no matter how old the recipient is. Unless your recipient prefers an alternate title, always use Mr. for a guy.
You’d write, “Mr. Todd Smith.”
2-3. Omit the title if their gender is unknown or they're gender neutral.
You may not know someone's gender if you're sending a letter for work or to apply for a job. Similarly, you may sometimes be writing to someone who is gender neutral. If this is the case, it's best to use their full name without a title. It's still considered formal if you write out both their first and last name.
You might write, "Dear Lisa Jensen."
2-4. Use your recipient’s professional title if they have one.
It’s important to respect professional titles like Dr., Reverend, or Honorable. Address the recipient using their professional title if they have one. Always put the most high-ranking title first if you’re addressing the letter to a couple.
You might write “Dr. Ashley Matthews and Mr. Sam Matthews,” or “Honorable Kennedy Jones.”
2-5. Use a job title or “To Whom It May Concern” if the recipient is unclear.
When you’re sending a business or cover letter, you may not know exactly who your recipient is. If this is the case, put the name of the job position that you’re addressing. If you aren’t sure about the job title, use “To Whom it May Concern” as a blanket title.
You might write, “Dear Human Resources Manager” if you’re applying for a job. If you aren’t sure there is a human resources manager, you could write, “To Whom It May Concern.”
3. Formatting the Top of a Formal Letter
3-1. Write your first and last name in the upper lefthand corner of the letter.
Use the full, unabbreviated form of your name anytime you’re writing a formal or professional letter. If you have a common name or think there’s a chance that you might be confused with someone else, you might also include your middle initial or another distinguishing feature, like the suffix, “Jr.”
When addressing a casual letter to a friend or loved one, it’s alright to use a shortened form of your given name or a nickname, such as “Chuck” or “Shorty.”
Some versions of the classic business letter call for the sender’s name to go in the signature at the bottom of the letter rather than at the top of the return address. Both formats are acceptable—go with whichever one you prefer.
3-2. Provide the name of your company on the next line in a business letter.
If you're sending out your letter as part of your job, the name of your employer should go on the line directly beneath your name. That way, your recipient will know right off the bat who you represent and why you might be writing.
You can also put your official title or position on a separate line below your employer's name if you think it will be helpful to your recipient.
3-3. List your street address on the line below your name or company name.
Start with the street number, then give the name of the street. Be sure to spell out the full name of the street in your address line. In other words, you would write, “Mulberry Lane,” not, “Mulberry Ln.”
Don't forget to include your apartment or office number after your street address, if applicable, as in, "2529 Cypress Row, Apt. 5D."
Your address line lets your recipient know where you’re writing from, and also gives them a precise location to which they can address a letter of their own if they wish to write you back.
3-4. Put your city, state, and zip code beneath your street address.
Write the city name first, then put a comma. After the comma, put your state and zip code. Be sure capitalized both your city and state, and spell them correctly.
Unlike the city and state, the state and zip code should be separated using only a space: "Santa Carla, California 95000."
3-5. Add your phone number and/or email address if your letter is work-related.
It’s best to provide your phone number or email so your recipient has another means of contacting you. If you decide to include both pieces of information, list your phone number first, then write out your email address on a new line.
If you want to provide both your work and personal phone numbers, put the second number on a new line and use the prefixes “Work:” and “Cell:” to make it clear which is which.
There’s no need to give your phone or email if you’re writing a message you don’t necessarily expect to get a reply to, such as a letter to the editor or a complaint to one of your local politicians.
3-6. Skip a line and write the date.
After your address, leave a space them write the date the date you’re writing your letter. Spell out the full name of the month, then a numerical day and year. For instance, you’d write “November 5, 2019” as opposed to “Nov. 5, 2019” or “11-5-19.”
If you composed your letter over the course of multiple days, use the date on which you completed it.
While it's not strictly necessary, including the date places your letter within a certain time frame, which can be helpful if it contains time-sensitive information.
3-7. Write your recipient’s name on a new line below the date.
If you don’t know the person’s full name, it’s alright to use just their last name, along with an appropriate title, such as “Mr.”, “Dr.”, or, “Chancellor.” You can also state your recipient’s title in addition to their full name for more formal or reverent effect, as in “Mr. Peter Walsh.”
If your recipient is female and doesn't have a formal title, be sure to use her preferred mode of address (“Ms.”, “Mrs.”, or “Miss”) to avoid seeming presumptuous. If you’re not sure what she ordinarily goes by, the safest choice is always “Ms.”
Double-check the spelling of the person’s name to make sure you get it right. Misspelling someone’s name could be perceived as negligent at best and disrespectful at worst.
3-8. Specify your recipient’s job title if you’re writing a business letter.
Use the next line to acknowledge your recipient’s position, office, department, or special authority. The title line builds on the identifying information found in the name line.
Keep in mind that you’ll only need to incorporate a title line if your reason for writing has something to do with your recipient’s position or occupation.
3-9. Include the name of the company your recipient works for in a business letter.
On the line below your recipient’s title, give the full name of their employer or the specific entity that they represent. This helps direct your letter to the right person in the correct department. It also indicates that your letter is a formal letter.
This line isn’t reserved exclusively for the names of companies and businesses. It can also be used to institutions, such as, “The University of Alabama” or “Hollingsworth Museum of North London.”
3-10. Write your recipient’s full address in the following two lines.
In a business letter, you’ll use your recipient’s work address, whereas in a personal letter you’ll simply use their home or private address. Be sure to put the city, state, and zip code on a separate line below the street address.
Look back over your address lines before mailing your letter to ensure that they’re correct. If you happen to get the street name or postal code wrong, your letter may not get where it needs to go.
When addressing an international letter, tack on a final line with the name of the country written in all capital letters.
Tips
No punctuation is required in any part of the various addresses in your letter, aside from commas separating the names of cities and states and at the end of your salutation and closing.
Professional emails and formal letters sent as digital attachments should follow the same format as traditional handwritten letters.
Make sure the addresses printed on the envelope match the ones you listed inside your letter.
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Write your recipient's full name in the middle of the envelope.\\nInclude the person’s preferred title, such as Mr., Ms., or Dr. Then, spell out their first and last name, capitalizing the first letter of each name.\\nIf you’re writing to a couple, provide both of their names unless they prefer to be addressed as Mr. and Mrs.\\nFor a family, write out the family name for a casual letter, such as “The LaCour Family.” If you’re sending a formal letter to a family, write the parents on the first line with their titles, then write the children’s names on the line below the parents. You might write, “Mr. Micah and Ms. Sarah Smith” on the first line and “Callie, Mindy, and Seth” on the second line.\\n1-3. Include the company name on the next line for a business letter.\\nYou don’t need to write the company name if you’re writing a personal letter. However, it can help your letter reach the correct person at a business if you’re writing a letter for work. Put the company name on the line below the recipient’s name.\\nYou might write, “University of Houston” or “Bayou Enterprises.”\\n1-4. Put the recipient’s street address or P.O.\\nWrite the number of the street address first, followed by the street name. Spell out the entire street name rather than abbreviating it if you’re writing a business or formal letter. Additionally, capitalize the first letter of each word.\\nAs an example, you’d write “Laurel Avenue” rather than “Laurel Ave.” in a business letter or formal.\\nIf you’re writing a personal letter, it’s okay to write “Hamilton St.” or “Liberty Ln.”\\n1-5. Write an apartment or office number on the address line or below it.\\nSome addresses include an apartment or office number. To ensure your letter arrives, include this information right after the street name or on the line below it. Label an apartment as “apt.” or “apartment.” Put “office” or “suite” if you’re sending the letter to a workplace.\\nYou might write: 123 Liberty Lane Apt. 3. or 555 Laurel Avenue Suite 44.\\n1-6. Include the city, state, and zip code below the street address.\\nDirectly below the street address, write out the city, followed by a comma. Then, put the state and zip code. Be sure to capitalize the city and state.\\nFor instance, you'd write, \\\"Orange, TX 77630.\\\"\\n1-7. Write the country name after the address for an international letter.\\nYou only need to include the country if you’re sending international mail. If so, put the name of the country where your recipient lives directly below their address. Write out the name or abbreviation for the country using all capital letters.\\nYou might write, “USA” or “UNITED KINGDOM.”\\n1-8. Put a postage stamp in the top right corner of the envelope.\\nThe postal service won’t deliver your mail unless you include postage. Affix a stamp to the top right corner of your envelope to make sure it reaches its destination.\\nIf you’re mailing a letter internationally, use an international stamp for correct postage.\\n2. Choosing the Right Title for Your Recipient\\n2-1. Refer to women as Ms.\\nAddressing letters to women can be difficult because etiquette is evolving with gender roles. Ms. is an appropriate title for all women and is the safest option when you're addressing a professional. Always use Ms. as your default title for women. However, use Miss or Mrs. if you know your recipient prefers it.\\nFor instance, you’d write Ms. Veronica Johnson or Miss Alyson Meyer.\\n2-2. Call men of all ages Mr.\\nIt’s easy to address letters to men because you can always use Mr, no matter how old the recipient is. Unless your recipient prefers an alternate title, always use Mr. for a guy.\\nYou’d write, “Mr. Todd Smith.”\\n2-3. Omit the title if their gender is unknown or they're gender neutral.\\nYou may not know someone's gender if you're sending a letter for work or to apply for a job. Similarly, you may sometimes be writing to someone who is gender neutral. If this is the case, it's best to use their full name without a title. It's still considered formal if you write out both their first and last name.\\nYou might write, \\\"Dear Lisa Jensen.\\\"\\n2-4. Use your recipient’s professional title if they have one.\\nIt’s important to respect professional titles like Dr., Reverend, or Honorable. Address the recipient using their professional title if they have one. Always put the most high-ranking title first if you’re addressing the letter to a couple.\\nYou might write “Dr. Ashley Matthews and Mr. Sam Matthews,” or “Honorable Kennedy Jones.”\\n2-5. Use a job title or “To Whom It May Concern” if the recipient is unclear.\\nWhen you’re sending a business or cover letter, you may not know exactly who your recipient is. If this is the case, put the name of the job position that you’re addressing. If you aren’t sure about the job title, use “To Whom it May Concern” as a blanket title.\\nYou might write, “Dear Human Resources Manager” if you’re applying for a job. If you aren’t sure there is a human resources manager, you could write, “To Whom It May Concern.”\\n3. Formatting the Top of a Formal Letter\\n3-1. Write your first and last name in the upper lefthand corner of the letter.\\nUse the full, unabbreviated form of your name anytime you’re writing a formal or professional letter. If you have a common name or think there’s a chance that you might be confused with someone else, you might also include your middle initial or another distinguishing feature, like the suffix, “Jr.”\\nWhen addressing a casual letter to a friend or loved one, it’s alright to use a shortened form of your given name or a nickname, such as “Chuck” or “Shorty.”\\nSome versions of the classic business letter call for the sender’s name to go in the signature at the bottom of the letter rather than at the top of the return address. Both formats are acceptable—go with whichever one you prefer.\\n3-2. Provide the name of your company on the next line in a business letter.\\nIf you're sending out your letter as part of your job, the name of your employer should go on the line directly beneath your name. That way, your recipient will know right off the bat who you represent and why you might be writing.\\nYou can also put your official title or position on a separate line below your employer's name if you think it will be helpful to your recipient.\\n3-3. List your street address on the line below your name or company name.\\nStart with the street number, then give the name of the street. Be sure to spell out the full name of the street in your address line. In other words, you would write, “Mulberry Lane,” not, “Mulberry Ln.”\\nDon't forget to include your apartment or office number after your street address, if applicable, as in, \\\"2529 Cypress Row, Apt. 5D.\\\"\\nYour address line lets your recipient know where you’re writing from, and also gives them a precise location to which they can address a letter of their own if they wish to write you back.\\n3-4. Put your city, state, and zip code beneath your street address.\\nWrite the city name first, then put a comma. After the comma, put your state and zip code. Be sure capitalized both your city and state, and spell them correctly.\\nUnlike the city and state, the state and zip code should be separated using only a space: \\\"Santa Carla, California 95000.\\\"\\n3-5. Add your phone number and/or email address if your letter is work-related.\\nIt’s best to provide your phone number or email so your recipient has another means of contacting you. If you decide to include both pieces of information, list your phone number first, then write out your email address on a new line.\\nIf you want to provide both your work and personal phone numbers, put the second number on a new line and use the prefixes “Work:” and “Cell:” to make it clear which is which.\\nThere’s no need to give your phone or email if you’re writing a message you don’t necessarily expect to get a reply to, such as a letter to the editor or a complaint to one of your local politicians.\\n3-6. Skip a line and write the date.\\nAfter your address, leave a space them write the date the date you’re writing your letter. Spell out the full name of the month, then a numerical day and year. For instance, you’d write “November 5, 2019” as opposed to “Nov. 5, 2019” or “11-5-19.”\\nIf you composed your letter over the course of multiple days, use the date on which you completed it.\\nWhile it's not strictly necessary, including the date places your letter within a certain time frame, which can be helpful if it contains time-sensitive information.\\n3-7. Write your recipient’s name on a new line below the date.\\nIf you don’t know the person’s full name, it’s alright to use just their last name, along with an appropriate title, such as “Mr.”, “Dr.”, or, “Chancellor.” You can also state your recipient’s title in addition to their full name for more formal or reverent effect, as in “Mr. Peter Walsh.”\\nIf your recipient is female and doesn't have a formal title, be sure to use her preferred mode of address (“Ms.”, “Mrs.”, or “Miss”) to avoid seeming presumptuous. If you’re not sure what she ordinarily goes by, the safest choice is always “Ms.”\\nDouble-check the spelling of the person’s name to make sure you get it right. Misspelling someone’s name could be perceived as negligent at best and disrespectful at worst.\\n3-8. Specify your recipient’s job title if you’re writing a business letter.\\nUse the next line to acknowledge your recipient’s position, office, department, or special authority. The title line builds on the identifying information found in the name line.\\nKeep in mind that you’ll only need to incorporate a title line if your reason for writing has something to do with your recipient’s position or occupation.\\n3-9. Include the name of the company your recipient works for in a business letter.\\nOn the line below your recipient’s title, give the full name of their employer or the specific entity that they represent. This helps direct your letter to the right person in the correct department. It also indicates that your letter is a formal letter.\\nThis line isn’t reserved exclusively for the names of companies and businesses. It can also be used to institutions, such as, “The University of Alabama” or “Hollingsworth Museum of North London.”\\n3-10. Write your recipient’s full address in the following two lines.\\nIn a business letter, you’ll use your recipient’s work address, whereas in a personal letter you’ll simply use their home or private address. Be sure to put the city, state, and zip code on a separate line below the street address.\\nLook back over your address lines before mailing your letter to ensure that they’re correct. If you happen to get the street name or postal code wrong, your letter may not get where it needs to go.\\nWhen addressing an international letter, tack on a final line with the name of the country written in all capital letters.\\nTips\\nNo punctuation is required in any part of the various addresses in your letter, aside from commas separating the names of cities and states and at the end of your salutation and closing.\\nProfessional emails and formal letters sent as digital attachments should follow the same format as traditional handwritten letters.\\nMake sure the addresses printed on the envelope match the ones you listed inside your letter.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Whether you’re sending a personal or business letter, you want to make sure you’re addressing it correctly so it arrives to its recipient. Additionally, you likely want to avoid accidentally offending your recipient by using the wrong title. Fortunately, addressing a letter correctly is a simple process. All you need is your name and address, your recipient’s preferred title, and your recipient's name and address.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing an Address on an Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Put your name and address in the top left corner of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"It’s important to put your own address on the letter so the post office can return it if it can’t be delivered. Use a pen or pencil to write your name in the top left corner of your envelope. Under your name, write your street address or P.O. box. Below your street address, put your city, state, and zip code.\\nYou’d write your address like this:\\nTyler Hamilton\\n123 Scenic Drive\\nHouston, TX 77007\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write your recipient's full name in the middle of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Include the person’s preferred title, such as Mr., Ms., or Dr. Then, spell out their first and last name, capitalizing the first letter of each name.\\nIf you’re writing to a couple, provide both of their names unless they prefer to be addressed as Mr. and Mrs.\\nFor a family, write out the family name for a casual letter, such as “The LaCour Family.” If you’re sending a formal letter to a family, write the parents on the first line with their titles, then write the children’s names on the line below the parents. You might write, “Mr. Micah and Ms. Sarah Smith” on the first line and “Callie, Mindy, and Seth” on the second line.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include the company name on the next line for a business letter.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t need to write the company name if you’re writing a personal letter. However, it can help your letter reach the correct person at a business if you’re writing a letter for work. Put the company name on the line below the recipient’s name.\\nYou might write, “University of Houston” or “Bayou Enterprises.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put the recipient’s street address or P.O.\", \"描述\": \"Write the number of the street address first, followed by the street name. Spell out the entire street name rather than abbreviating it if you’re writing a business or formal letter. Additionally, capitalize the first letter of each word.\\nAs an example, you’d write “Laurel Avenue” rather than “Laurel Ave.” in a business letter or formal.\\nIf you’re writing a personal letter, it’s okay to write “Hamilton St.” or “Liberty Ln.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write an apartment or office number on the address line or below it.\", \"描述\": \"Some addresses include an apartment or office number. To ensure your letter arrives, include this information right after the street name or on the line below it. Label an apartment as “apt.” or “apartment.” Put “office” or “suite” if you’re sending the letter to a workplace.\\nYou might write: 123 Liberty Lane Apt. 3. or 555 Laurel Avenue Suite 44.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Include the city, state, and zip code below the street address.\", \"描述\": \"Directly below the street address, write out the city, followed by a comma. Then, put the state and zip code. Be sure to capitalize the city and state.\\nFor instance, you'd write, \\\"Orange, TX 77630.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Write the country name after the address for an international letter.\", \"描述\": \"You only need to include the country if you’re sending international mail. If so, put the name of the country where your recipient lives directly below their address. Write out the name or abbreviation for the country using all capital letters.\\nYou might write, “USA” or “UNITED KINGDOM.”\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Put a postage stamp in the top right corner of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"The postal service won’t deliver your mail unless you include postage. Affix a stamp to the top right corner of your envelope to make sure it reaches its destination.\\nIf you’re mailing a letter internationally, use an international stamp for correct postage.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choosing the Right Title for Your Recipient\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Refer to women as Ms.\", \"描述\": \"Addressing letters to women can be difficult because etiquette is evolving with gender roles. Ms. is an appropriate title for all women and is the safest option when you're addressing a professional. Always use Ms. as your default title for women. However, use Miss or Mrs. if you know your recipient prefers it.\\nFor instance, you’d write Ms. Veronica Johnson or Miss Alyson Meyer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call men of all ages Mr.\", \"描述\": \"It’s easy to address letters to men because you can always use Mr, no matter how old the recipient is. Unless your recipient prefers an alternate title, always use Mr. for a guy.\\nYou’d write, “Mr. Todd Smith.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Omit the title if their gender is unknown or they're gender neutral.\", \"描述\": \"You may not know someone's gender if you're sending a letter for work or to apply for a job. Similarly, you may sometimes be writing to someone who is gender neutral. If this is the case, it's best to use their full name without a title. It's still considered formal if you write out both their first and last name.\\nYou might write, \\\"Dear Lisa Jensen.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use your recipient’s professional title if they have one.\", \"描述\": \"It’s important to respect professional titles like Dr., Reverend, or Honorable. Address the recipient using their professional title if they have one. Always put the most high-ranking title first if you’re addressing the letter to a couple.\\nYou might write “Dr. Ashley Matthews and Mr. Sam Matthews,” or “Honorable Kennedy Jones.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use a job title or “To Whom It May Concern” if the recipient is unclear.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re sending a business or cover letter, you may not know exactly who your recipient is. If this is the case, put the name of the job position that you’re addressing. If you aren’t sure about the job title, use “To Whom it May Concern” as a blanket title.\\nYou might write, “Dear Human Resources Manager” if you’re applying for a job. If you aren’t sure there is a human resources manager, you could write, “To Whom It May Concern.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Formatting the Top of a Formal Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write your first and last name in the upper lefthand corner of the letter.\", \"描述\": \"Use the full, unabbreviated form of your name anytime you’re writing a formal or professional letter. If you have a common name or think there’s a chance that you might be confused with someone else, you might also include your middle initial or another distinguishing feature, like the suffix, “Jr.”\\nWhen addressing a casual letter to a friend or loved one, it’s alright to use a shortened form of your given name or a nickname, such as “Chuck” or “Shorty.”\\nSome versions of the classic business letter call for the sender’s name to go in the signature at the bottom of the letter rather than at the top of the return address. Both formats are acceptable—go with whichever one you prefer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Provide the name of your company on the next line in a business letter.\", \"描述\": \"If you're sending out your letter as part of your job, the name of your employer should go on the line directly beneath your name. That way, your recipient will know right off the bat who you represent and why you might be writing.\\nYou can also put your official title or position on a separate line below your employer's name if you think it will be helpful to your recipient.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"List your street address on the line below your name or company name.\", \"描述\": \"Start with the street number, then give the name of the street. Be sure to spell out the full name of the street in your address line. In other words, you would write, “Mulberry Lane,” not, “Mulberry Ln.”\\nDon't forget to include your apartment or office number after your street address, if applicable, as in, \\\"2529 Cypress Row, Apt. 5D.\\\"\\nYour address line lets your recipient know where you’re writing from, and also gives them a precise location to which they can address a letter of their own if they wish to write you back.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put your city, state, and zip code beneath your street address.\", \"描述\": \"Write the city name first, then put a comma. After the comma, put your state and zip code. Be sure capitalized both your city and state, and spell them correctly.\\nUnlike the city and state, the state and zip code should be separated using only a space: \\\"Santa Carla, California 95000.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add your phone number and/or email address if your letter is work-related.\", \"描述\": \"It’s best to provide your phone number or email so your recipient has another means of contacting you. If you decide to include both pieces of information, list your phone number first, then write out your email address on a new line.\\nIf you want to provide both your work and personal phone numbers, put the second number on a new line and use the prefixes “Work:” and “Cell:” to make it clear which is which.\\nThere’s no need to give your phone or email if you’re writing a message you don’t necessarily expect to get a reply to, such as a letter to the editor or a complaint to one of your local politicians.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Skip a line and write the date.\", \"描述\": \"After your address, leave a space them write the date the date you’re writing your letter. Spell out the full name of the month, then a numerical day and year. For instance, you’d write “November 5, 2019” as opposed to “Nov. 5, 2019” or “11-5-19.”\\nIf you composed your letter over the course of multiple days, use the date on which you completed it.\\nWhile it's not strictly necessary, including the date places your letter within a certain time frame, which can be helpful if it contains time-sensitive information.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Write your recipient’s name on a new line below the date.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t know the person’s full name, it’s alright to use just their last name, along with an appropriate title, such as “Mr.”, “Dr.”, or, “Chancellor.” You can also state your recipient’s title in addition to their full name for more formal or reverent effect, as in “Mr. Peter Walsh.”\\nIf your recipient is female and doesn't have a formal title, be sure to use her preferred mode of address (“Ms.”, “Mrs.”, or “Miss”) to avoid seeming presumptuous. If you’re not sure what she ordinarily goes by, the safest choice is always “Ms.”\\nDouble-check the spelling of the person’s name to make sure you get it right. Misspelling someone’s name could be perceived as negligent at best and disrespectful at worst.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Specify your recipient’s job title if you’re writing a business letter.\", \"描述\": \"Use the next line to acknowledge your recipient’s position, office, department, or special authority. The title line builds on the identifying information found in the name line.\\nKeep in mind that you’ll only need to incorporate a title line if your reason for writing has something to do with your recipient’s position or occupation.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Include the name of the company your recipient works for in a business letter.\", \"描述\": \"On the line below your recipient’s title, give the full name of their employer or the specific entity that they represent. This helps direct your letter to the right person in the correct department. It also indicates that your letter is a formal letter.\\nThis line isn’t reserved exclusively for the names of companies and businesses. It can also be used to institutions, such as, “The University of Alabama” or “Hollingsworth Museum of North London.”\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Write your recipient’s full address in the following two lines.\", \"描述\": \"In a business letter, you’ll use your recipient’s work address, whereas in a personal letter you’ll simply use their home or private address. Be sure to put the city, state, and zip code on a separate line below the street address.\\nLook back over your address lines before mailing your letter to ensure that they’re correct. If you happen to get the street name or postal code wrong, your letter may not get where it needs to go.\\nWhen addressing an international letter, tack on a final line with the name of the country written in all capital letters.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"No punctuation is required in any part of the various addresses in your letter, aside from commas separating the names of cities and states and at the end of your salutation and closing.\\n\", \"Professional emails and formal letters sent as digital attachments should follow the same format as traditional handwritten letters.\\n\", \"Make sure the addresses printed on the envelope match the ones you listed inside your letter.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,259 | How to Address a Letter in Australia | 1. Addressing Your Letter
1-1. Seal your letter in an envelope.
Fold the paper in thirds, horizontally, and slide it into the envelope. Depending on the envelope, you may need to moisten the adhesive with your tongue or a damp sponge, or you might need to peel off the paper backing over the adhesive before you can seal it. You can also use a bit of tape or a sticker to seal the envelope closed.
Turn your envelope over. You will write on the side that is an entire blank rectangle, not the side with the flap.
1-2. Write the full name of your recipient in the middle of the envelope.
With dark ink, print their full name neatly in a single line. You can address your letter to multiple people if they live at the same place. If they both share a family name, you can write their first names, and then the last name, like: “John and Jane Rose.” If they do not share a common family name, you can include up to two people’s full names.
If you are sending a formal letter, add the recipient's title ("Mr.," "Mrs.," "Dr.," and so on).
1-3. Write their street address directly below their names.
The street address is the number of house or building and the name of their street. For example: "10 Eastern Road."
If the recipients live in an apartment complex, place their apartment number followed by a slash before the street number. For example, "14/10 Eastern Road" would be apartment 14 of the 10th building on Eastern Road.
1-4. Include their suburb, state abbreviation and national postal code in capital letters.
Right below where you wrote the street address, write out their suburb (e.g. Milton, Turramurra or Malvern). Then, write the abbreviation of their state or territory. Finally, write their postal code. All of these items should be on one line of writing, and all in capital letters. If your recipient has a post box number, include it here.
You can find the postal code for a suburb from the Australia Post Website at https://auspost.com.au/postcode.
The state abbreviations are:
QLD for Queensland
NSW for New South Wales
ACT for Australian Capital Territory
VIC for Victoria
TAS for Tasmania
NT for Northern Territory
SA for South Australia
WA for Western Australia.
1-5. Include their country code, if they live outside of Australia.
Write their country code in all capitals on the same line as you wrote their town and state. For example, if you’re sending something to the United States, write “USA.” If you’re sending your letter within the country, you don’t have to write any country code.
For a list of country codes, visit https://www.pitneybowes.com/us/support/postage/usps-international-country-codes.html.
1-6. Write your own address on the top left corner of your envelope.
This will be the return address in case your letter can’t be delivered. Format your address the same way you formatted your recipient’s. Write out your full name, and on the line below, write your street address. Finally, put your suburb, state abbreviation, and postal code on the bottom line.
2. Posting Your Letter
2-1. Check how many stamps your letter needs.
The number of stamps you need depends on the size and weight of your letter and how far you need it to go. The maximum size for a standard letter is 260mm wide (10 in), 360mm long (14 in), and 20mm (.8 in) thick. You can send a letter to anywhere in Australia for $1 worth of stamps in Australian currency.
If you’re sending your letter overseas, it’ll be more pricey. It’ll cost 2.10 Australian dollars to have your letter arrive in 10 or more days, and $18.55 to send your letter in just 5 days.
If you have a concession card, you can purchase stamps at a reduced rate.
2-2. Attach your stamps to the top right corner of the envelope.
You can buy stamps and stick them on yourself. If you don’t have enough stamps at home, or are confused about how many you might need, you can bring your letter to the post shop counter, and ask them to help you.
If you have a bunch of old domestic 70 cent stamps, you can still use them. You can buy 30 cent stamps online or at a few post offices, to combine with your 70 cent ones to make an even dollar.
2-3. Post your letter at your local postal box or a post shop.
Just put the letter in your post box, or bring it into the post shop if you prefer. Post carriers don’t work on public holidays or weekends, so if you drop off your letter then, it’ll sit for a bit before delivery.
Post collection time is 3:00pm local time. That means if you post a letter after 3:00pm, they’ll collect it the next day.
Tips
Write using dark ink so that it will be clearly visible.[14]
X
Research source
Don’t indent or stagger address lines.[15]
X
Research source
Don’t underline any words.[16]
X
Research source
Warnings
If you accidentally don’t put on enough postage stamps, the post office will return the letter to you. If you haven’t included a return address, they’ll ask your recipient to pay.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing Your Letter\\n1-1. Seal your letter in an envelope.\\nFold the paper in thirds, horizontally, and slide it into the envelope. Depending on the envelope, you may need to moisten the adhesive with your tongue or a damp sponge, or you might need to peel off the paper backing over the adhesive before you can seal it. You can also use a bit of tape or a sticker to seal the envelope closed.\\nTurn your envelope over. You will write on the side that is an entire blank rectangle, not the side with the flap.\\n1-2. Write the full name of your recipient in the middle of the envelope.\\nWith dark ink, print their full name neatly in a single line. You can address your letter to multiple people if they live at the same place. If they both share a family name, you can write their first names, and then the last name, like: “John and Jane Rose.” If they do not share a common family name, you can include up to two people’s full names.\\nIf you are sending a formal letter, add the recipient's title (\\\"Mr.,\\\" \\\"Mrs.,\\\" \\\"Dr.,\\\" and so on).\\n1-3. Write their street address directly below their names.\\nThe street address is the number of house or building and the name of their street. For example: \\\"10 Eastern Road.\\\"\\nIf the recipients live in an apartment complex, place their apartment number followed by a slash before the street number. For example, \\\"14/10 Eastern Road\\\" would be apartment 14 of the 10th building on Eastern Road.\\n1-4. Include their suburb, state abbreviation and national postal code in capital letters.\\nRight below where you wrote the street address, write out their suburb (e.g. Milton, Turramurra or Malvern). Then, write the abbreviation of their state or territory. Finally, write their postal code. All of these items should be on one line of writing, and all in capital letters. If your recipient has a post box number, include it here.\\nYou can find the postal code for a suburb from the Australia Post Website at https://auspost.com.au/postcode.\\nThe state abbreviations are:\\nQLD for Queensland\\nNSW for New South Wales\\nACT for Australian Capital Territory\\nVIC for Victoria\\nTAS for Tasmania\\nNT for Northern Territory\\nSA for South Australia\\nWA for Western Australia.\\n1-5. Include their country code, if they live outside of Australia.\\nWrite their country code in all capitals on the same line as you wrote their town and state. For example, if you’re sending something to the United States, write “USA.” If you’re sending your letter within the country, you don’t have to write any country code.\\nFor a list of country codes, visit https://www.pitneybowes.com/us/support/postage/usps-international-country-codes.html.\\n1-6. Write your own address on the top left corner of your envelope.\\nThis will be the return address in case your letter can’t be delivered. Format your address the same way you formatted your recipient’s. Write out your full name, and on the line below, write your street address. Finally, put your suburb, state abbreviation, and postal code on the bottom line.\\n2. Posting Your Letter\\n2-1. Check how many stamps your letter needs.\\nThe number of stamps you need depends on the size and weight of your letter and how far you need it to go. The maximum size for a standard letter is 260mm wide (10 in), 360mm long (14 in), and 20mm (.8 in) thick. You can send a letter to anywhere in Australia for $1 worth of stamps in Australian currency.\\nIf you’re sending your letter overseas, it’ll be more pricey. It’ll cost 2.10 Australian dollars to have your letter arrive in 10 or more days, and $18.55 to send your letter in just 5 days.\\nIf you have a concession card, you can purchase stamps at a reduced rate.\\n2-2. Attach your stamps to the top right corner of the envelope.\\nYou can buy stamps and stick them on yourself. If you don’t have enough stamps at home, or are confused about how many you might need, you can bring your letter to the post shop counter, and ask them to help you.\\nIf you have a bunch of old domestic 70 cent stamps, you can still use them. You can buy 30 cent stamps online or at a few post offices, to combine with your 70 cent ones to make an even dollar.\\n2-3. Post your letter at your local postal box or a post shop.\\nJust put the letter in your post box, or bring it into the post shop if you prefer. Post carriers don’t work on public holidays or weekends, so if you drop off your letter then, it’ll sit for a bit before delivery.\\nPost collection time is 3:00pm local time. That means if you post a letter after 3:00pm, they’ll collect it the next day.\\nTips\\nWrite using dark ink so that it will be clearly visible.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nDon’t indent or stagger address lines.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nDon’t underline any words.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nIf you accidentally don’t put on enough postage stamps, the post office will return the letter to you. If you haven’t included a return address, they’ll ask your recipient to pay.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re sending a letter in Australia, or from Australia to a different country, you’ll need to address it in a standard way so Australia Post can be sure where to send it. In the middle of the envelope, write in your recipient’s name, address, suburb, state, and postal code. Also include your return address in the upper left corner of the envelope. Then you’re all ready to put on some stamps and post your letter.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing Your Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seal your letter in an envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Fold the paper in thirds, horizontally, and slide it into the envelope. Depending on the envelope, you may need to moisten the adhesive with your tongue or a damp sponge, or you might need to peel off the paper backing over the adhesive before you can seal it. You can also use a bit of tape or a sticker to seal the envelope closed.\\nTurn your envelope over. You will write on the side that is an entire blank rectangle, not the side with the flap.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the full name of your recipient in the middle of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"With dark ink, print their full name neatly in a single line. You can address your letter to multiple people if they live at the same place. If they both share a family name, you can write their first names, and then the last name, like: “John and Jane Rose.” If they do not share a common family name, you can include up to two people’s full names.\\nIf you are sending a formal letter, add the recipient's title (\\\"Mr.,\\\" \\\"Mrs.,\\\" \\\"Dr.,\\\" and so on).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write their street address directly below their names.\", \"描述\": \"The street address is the number of house or building and the name of their street. For example: \\\"10 Eastern Road.\\\"\\nIf the recipients live in an apartment complex, place their apartment number followed by a slash before the street number. For example, \\\"14/10 Eastern Road\\\" would be apartment 14 of the 10th building on Eastern Road.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Include their suburb, state abbreviation and national postal code in capital letters.\", \"描述\": \"Right below where you wrote the street address, write out their suburb (e.g. Milton, Turramurra or Malvern). Then, write the abbreviation of their state or territory. Finally, write their postal code. All of these items should be on one line of writing, and all in capital letters. If your recipient has a post box number, include it here.\\nYou can find the postal code for a suburb from the Australia Post Website at https://auspost.com.au/postcode.\\nThe state abbreviations are:\\nQLD for Queensland\\nNSW for New South Wales\\nACT for Australian Capital Territory\\nVIC for Victoria\\nTAS for Tasmania\\nNT for Northern Territory\\nSA for South Australia\\nWA for Western Australia.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Include their country code, if they live outside of Australia.\", \"描述\": \"Write their country code in all capitals on the same line as you wrote their town and state. For example, if you’re sending something to the United States, write “USA.” If you’re sending your letter within the country, you don’t have to write any country code.\\nFor a list of country codes, visit https://www.pitneybowes.com/us/support/postage/usps-international-country-codes.html.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Write your own address on the top left corner of your envelope.\", \"描述\": \"This will be the return address in case your letter can’t be delivered. Format your address the same way you formatted your recipient’s. Write out your full name, and on the line below, write your street address. Finally, put your suburb, state abbreviation, and postal code on the bottom line.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Posting Your Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check how many stamps your letter needs.\", \"描述\": \"The number of stamps you need depends on the size and weight of your letter and how far you need it to go. The maximum size for a standard letter is 260mm wide (10 in), 360mm long (14 in), and 20mm (.8 in) thick. You can send a letter to anywhere in Australia for $1 worth of stamps in Australian currency.\\nIf you’re sending your letter overseas, it’ll be more pricey. It’ll cost 2.10 Australian dollars to have your letter arrive in 10 or more days, and $18.55 to send your letter in just 5 days.\\nIf you have a concession card, you can purchase stamps at a reduced rate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attach your stamps to the top right corner of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"You can buy stamps and stick them on yourself. If you don’t have enough stamps at home, or are confused about how many you might need, you can bring your letter to the post shop counter, and ask them to help you.\\nIf you have a bunch of old domestic 70 cent stamps, you can still use them. You can buy 30 cent stamps online or at a few post offices, to combine with your 70 cent ones to make an even dollar.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Post your letter at your local postal box or a post shop.\", \"描述\": \"Just put the letter in your post box, or bring it into the post shop if you prefer. Post carriers don’t work on public holidays or weekends, so if you drop off your letter then, it’ll sit for a bit before delivery.\\nPost collection time is 3:00pm local time. That means if you post a letter after 3:00pm, they’ll collect it the next day.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Write using dark ink so that it will be clearly visible.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Don’t indent or stagger address lines.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Don’t underline any words.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you accidentally don’t put on enough postage stamps, the post office will return the letter to you. If you haven’t included a return address, they’ll ask your recipient to pay.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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1,260 | How to Address a Letter to England | 1. Addressing the Letter to England
1-1. Write the name and address on the bottom left of the envelope.
When writing a letter to England, the recipient's information goes on the bottom left of the envelope rather than the center. Print in large, legible letters and numbers so that the courier doesn't have trouble reading it.
1-2. Print the full name of the person on the first line.
Include an honorific for formal letters, such as Mr., Mrs., Ms, Miss, Master, Dr., or Esq. Leave enough room on the bottom of the envelope so you can include the rest of the recipient’s information, such as their address.
For example, the first line would look something like: Dr. Martin Strange.
1-3. Print the company name if you’re sending a letter to a business.
If you are sending your letter to a business rather than a residential address, include the business name on the next line. This will help the courier locate the letter’s intended destination.
So far the letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company
1-4. Write the recipient’s street address or post-office box under the name.
The street name and house number should go under your name if you’re sending the letter to a residential address. If you're sending the letter to a P.O. box, write the P.O, box number in this space.
A P.O. box will look something like “P.O. Box 888.”
If the letter is going to a company, write the street address under the company name.
So far the letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel Street
1-5. Record the city or town name and postcode under the street address.
Write the full name of the town or city, then make a space and write the postcode without punctuation after it. If you didn’t get the postcode when you asked for the address, you can search for it online at https://www.royalmail.com/find-a-postcode.
The largest cities in England include London, Manchester, and Liverpool.
The letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel StreetManchester WIP 6HQ
1-6. Write “England” under the postcode.
The last line of the address should include the country that you’re sending the letter to, or in this case, England. This will let the post office know which country to send the letter to.
The full address should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel StreetManchester WIP 6HQEngland
2. Writing the Return Address and Mailing the Letter
2-1. Transcribe your return address on the back of the envelope.
Write your name, address, city, and zip code or postcode on the back of the letter. This will ensure that you'll get the letter back if the letter doesn't get to its intended destination.
2-2. Purchase a Forever Global Stamp if you live the United States.
Forever Global Stamps are used to send international letters if you're in the United States. The stamp costs $1.40 and is accepted for all letters that weigh 1 ounce (28,000 mg) or less. You only need 1 Forever Global Stamp for each letter.
If your envelope weighs more than 1 ounce (28 g), you should take the letter to the post office.
2-3. Take your letter to the post office if you’re unsure of postage.
If you don’t live in the United States, take the letter to the post office. Your post office will weigh the letter and tell you how much it costs to send it to England.
2-4. Send the letter at the post office or drop it in a mail box.
Depending on where you live, the letter will take anywhere from 1-2 weeks to arrive in England.
Tips
Get the full address from the intended recipient of the letter. You can ask the person for their address over the phone, through text, or through an email.[11]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Letter to England\\n1-1. Write the name and address on the bottom left of the envelope.\\nWhen writing a letter to England, the recipient's information goes on the bottom left of the envelope rather than the center. Print in large, legible letters and numbers so that the courier doesn't have trouble reading it.\\n1-2. Print the full name of the person on the first line.\\nInclude an honorific for formal letters, such as Mr., Mrs., Ms, Miss, Master, Dr., or Esq. Leave enough room on the bottom of the envelope so you can include the rest of the recipient’s information, such as their address.\\nFor example, the first line would look something like: Dr. Martin Strange.\\n1-3. Print the company name if you’re sending a letter to a business.\\nIf you are sending your letter to a business rather than a residential address, include the business name on the next line. This will help the courier locate the letter’s intended destination.\\nSo far the letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company\\n1-4. Write the recipient’s street address or post-office box under the name.\\nThe street name and house number should go under your name if you’re sending the letter to a residential address. If you're sending the letter to a P.O. box, write the P.O, box number in this space.\\nA P.O. box will look something like “P.O. Box 888.”\\nIf the letter is going to a company, write the street address under the company name.\\nSo far the letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel Street\\n1-5. Record the city or town name and postcode under the street address.\\nWrite the full name of the town or city, then make a space and write the postcode without punctuation after it. If you didn’t get the postcode when you asked for the address, you can search for it online at https://www.royalmail.com/find-a-postcode.\\nThe largest cities in England include London, Manchester, and Liverpool.\\nThe letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel StreetManchester WIP 6HQ\\n1-6. Write “England” under the postcode.\\nThe last line of the address should include the country that you’re sending the letter to, or in this case, England. This will let the post office know which country to send the letter to.\\nThe full address should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel StreetManchester WIP 6HQEngland\\n2. Writing the Return Address and Mailing the Letter\\n2-1. Transcribe your return address on the back of the envelope.\\nWrite your name, address, city, and zip code or postcode on the back of the letter. This will ensure that you'll get the letter back if the letter doesn't get to its intended destination.\\n2-2. Purchase a Forever Global Stamp if you live the United States.\\nForever Global Stamps are used to send international letters if you're in the United States. The stamp costs $1.40 and is accepted for all letters that weigh 1 ounce (28,000 mg) or less. You only need 1 Forever Global Stamp for each letter.\\nIf your envelope weighs more than 1 ounce (28 g), you should take the letter to the post office.\\n2-3. Take your letter to the post office if you’re unsure of postage.\\nIf you don’t live in the United States, take the letter to the post office. Your post office will weigh the letter and tell you how much it costs to send it to England.\\n2-4. Send the letter at the post office or drop it in a mail box.\\nDepending on where you live, the letter will take anywhere from 1-2 weeks to arrive in England.\\nTips\\nGet the full address from the intended recipient of the letter. You can ask the person for their address over the phone, through text, or through an email.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have to send a letter to England, it’s necessary that you address it correctly so that it gets delivered to the right destination. When addressing it, you’ll want to include the recipient’s name, address, and postcode on the bottom left of the envelope. Then, you’ll need to put the proper postage on the envelope before sending the letter.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Letter to England\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the name and address on the bottom left of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"When writing a letter to England, the recipient's information goes on the bottom left of the envelope rather than the center. Print in large, legible letters and numbers so that the courier doesn't have trouble reading it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Print the full name of the person on the first line.\", \"描述\": \"Include an honorific for formal letters, such as Mr., Mrs., Ms, Miss, Master, Dr., or Esq. Leave enough room on the bottom of the envelope so you can include the rest of the recipient’s information, such as their address.\\nFor example, the first line would look something like: Dr. Martin Strange.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Print the company name if you’re sending a letter to a business.\", \"描述\": \"If you are sending your letter to a business rather than a residential address, include the business name on the next line. This will help the courier locate the letter’s intended destination.\\nSo far the letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write the recipient’s street address or post-office box under the name.\", \"描述\": \"The street name and house number should go under your name if you’re sending the letter to a residential address. If you're sending the letter to a P.O. box, write the P.O, box number in this space.\\nA P.O. box will look something like “P.O. Box 888.”\\nIf the letter is going to a company, write the street address under the company name.\\nSo far the letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel Street\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Record the city or town name and postcode under the street address.\", \"描述\": \"Write the full name of the town or city, then make a space and write the postcode without punctuation after it. If you didn’t get the postcode when you asked for the address, you can search for it online at https://www.royalmail.com/find-a-postcode.\\nThe largest cities in England include London, Manchester, and Liverpool.\\nThe letter should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel StreetManchester WIP 6HQ\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Write “England” under the postcode.\", \"描述\": \"The last line of the address should include the country that you’re sending the letter to, or in this case, England. This will let the post office know which country to send the letter to.\\nThe full address should look something like:Dr. Martin StrangeABC Company432 Chapel StreetManchester WIP 6HQEngland\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing the Return Address and Mailing the Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Transcribe your return address on the back of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Write your name, address, city, and zip code or postcode on the back of the letter. This will ensure that you'll get the letter back if the letter doesn't get to its intended destination.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Purchase a Forever Global Stamp if you live the United States.\", \"描述\": \"Forever Global Stamps are used to send international letters if you're in the United States. The stamp costs $1.40 and is accepted for all letters that weigh 1 ounce (28,000 mg) or less. You only need 1 Forever Global Stamp for each letter.\\nIf your envelope weighs more than 1 ounce (28 g), you should take the letter to the post office.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take your letter to the post office if you’re unsure of postage.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t live in the United States, take the letter to the post office. Your post office will weigh the letter and tell you how much it costs to send it to England.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Send the letter at the post office or drop it in a mail box.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on where you live, the letter will take anywhere from 1-2 weeks to arrive in England.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Get the full address from the intended recipient of the letter. You can ask the person for their address over the phone, through text, or through an email.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,261 | How to Address a Letter to France | 1. Addressing the Envelope
1-1. Follow French etiquette when writing the addressee’s name.
Write the person's full name in the top line of text, near the middle of your envelope. Include their title; this means that you should use "Madame" for a woman and "Monsieur" for a man. "Mademoiselle" is often used for a young, unmarried woman.
You can also use title abbreviations, such as "M." for "Monsieur," "Mme" for "Madame," and "Mlle" for "Mademoiselle."
In France, people typically write last names all in capital letters to avoid any possible confusion. For example, you should address your letter to John SMITH instead of John Smith.
For example: Mlle Brigitte MENIVIER
Write the company's name on the second line, if you are writing a business letter. Exclude this step if it is a personal letter. For example: Firm France.
1-2. Put the recipient’s address on the front middle of the envelope.
When writing letters to France, the recipient’s address is the only thing that should appear on the front of the envelope – and the postage, of course. Write it in the middle of the envelope, leaving at least ⁄8 in (16 mm) of blank space between the address and bottom of the envelope for the French post office’s printed bar codes. You should include the recipient’s name (line one), the street address (line two), the postal code followed by the city name (line three), and the country (line four). Be sure to capitalize all proper nouns, like street names and towns.
Here is an example of how the recipient address should look:
John SMITH
118 Boulevard Saint-Germain
75006 Paris
France
1-3. Understand additional French postal rules.
When addressing a letter to France, there are a few other things to keep in mind. Each address line can contain a maximum of 38 characters, with a maximum of six overall lines allowed.
Some people prefer to write the street name, city name, and country name in all caps as well, though this is not required.
Do not include a comma between the house number and the street name.
2. Preparing the Letter for Delivery
2-1. Put the letter in the envelope.
Place the letter or contents inside the envelope and seal it if you have not already done so. Make sure the contents fit well inside the regular or padded envelope, as mail can sometimes be damaged in transit, especially if it is an odd shape.
If you are using a padded envelope, or if your package is bumpy, address your envelope before placing the contents inside to ensure that the addresses are clear and legible.
2-2. Write your address on the back.
Once you have inserted the letter into the envelope and sealed it shut, you should write your name and address on the back. The French post likes to have the return address over the sealed portion of the envelope to show that it has not been opened or tampered with. You should include the following information:
Your first and last name – with the last name in all caps (line one)
Your street address (line two)
Your city, state and postal code (line three)
The country (line four)
2-3. Mail your letter to France.
Take your letter to the post office and ask for help from one of the associates at the counter. They will be able to weigh the letter, and notify you of the correct postage amount. Pay for the postage and the post office employee will affix the postage stamp to your letter.
Your stamp should be placed in the upper right hand corner of your envelope.
3. Addressing French Recipients
3-1. Include the proper header.
For a formal letter, you’ll need to include a header with your name and address as well as the name and address of the recipient, and the date. You should align your name and address on the left, followed by one line break, then align the recipient’s name and address on the right side of the page. Include an additional line break, then the date, then begin to address the recipient.
The format for both your info and that of the recipient should appear as follows: name (line one), house number and street address (line two), postal code and city name (line three), country name (line four).
3-2. Address the recipient properly.
If you are writing a letter to France, unless it is to a close personal friend, you should follow the guidelines for formal letter writing. You should address the person by their official title – like Monsieur le Directeur or Madame la Directrice.
The French word “cher” is the equivalent of the English “dear.” You can say “Cher Monsieur” for a man, or “Chère Madame” for a female addressee.
If you are writing to more than one person, you can say “Chers Messieurs et Mesdames” – which means “Dear Sirs and Madames.”
If you don’t know the name(s) of the recipients, or you are writing to a group of sorts, you may use “À qui de droit,” which is the French equivalent of “To whom it may concern.”
And remember that if you are writing the letter in French, you should always use the formal “vous,” rather than the informal “tu.”
3-3. End the letter appropriately.
Remember that the French are a bit more formal than some English-speaking countries, so a letter to France requires a somewhat formal closing. Be sure to choose a closing remark that fits with the situation.
For a very formal or professional situation, you can write “Je vous prie d’agréer, repeat the title as you started your letter, l’expression de mes salutations distinguées.”
For a slightly less formal, but still professional, situation, you can write “Cordialement” (like “Cordially”), or “Bien à vous” (“yours truly”).
For a letter to friends or family members, you can write “Affectueusement” (like “Fondly”) or “Gros bisous” (like “hugs and kisses”).
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Envelope\\n1-1. Follow French etiquette when writing the addressee’s name.\\nWrite the person's full name in the top line of text, near the middle of your envelope. Include their title; this means that you should use \\\"Madame\\\" for a woman and \\\"Monsieur\\\" for a man. \\\"Mademoiselle\\\" is often used for a young, unmarried woman.\\nYou can also use title abbreviations, such as \\\"M.\\\" for \\\"Monsieur,\\\" \\\"Mme\\\" for \\\"Madame,\\\" and \\\"Mlle\\\" for \\\"Mademoiselle.\\\"\\nIn France, people typically write last names all in capital letters to avoid any possible confusion. For example, you should address your letter to John SMITH instead of John Smith.\\nFor example: Mlle Brigitte MENIVIER\\nWrite the company's name on the second line, if you are writing a business letter. Exclude this step if it is a personal letter. For example: Firm France.\\n1-2. Put the recipient’s address on the front middle of the envelope.\\nWhen writing letters to France, the recipient’s address is the only thing that should appear on the front of the envelope – and the postage, of course. Write it in the middle of the envelope, leaving at least ⁄8 in (16 mm) of blank space between the address and bottom of the envelope for the French post office’s printed bar codes. You should include the recipient’s name (line one), the street address (line two), the postal code followed by the city name (line three), and the country (line four). Be sure to capitalize all proper nouns, like street names and towns.\\nHere is an example of how the recipient address should look:\\nJohn SMITH\\n118 Boulevard Saint-Germain\\n75006 Paris\\nFrance\\n1-3. Understand additional French postal rules.\\nWhen addressing a letter to France, there are a few other things to keep in mind. Each address line can contain a maximum of 38 characters, with a maximum of six overall lines allowed.\\nSome people prefer to write the street name, city name, and country name in all caps as well, though this is not required.\\nDo not include a comma between the house number and the street name.\\n2. Preparing the Letter for Delivery\\n2-1. Put the letter in the envelope.\\nPlace the letter or contents inside the envelope and seal it if you have not already done so. Make sure the contents fit well inside the regular or padded envelope, as mail can sometimes be damaged in transit, especially if it is an odd shape.\\nIf you are using a padded envelope, or if your package is bumpy, address your envelope before placing the contents inside to ensure that the addresses are clear and legible.\\n2-2. Write your address on the back.\\nOnce you have inserted the letter into the envelope and sealed it shut, you should write your name and address on the back. The French post likes to have the return address over the sealed portion of the envelope to show that it has not been opened or tampered with. You should include the following information:\\nYour first and last name – with the last name in all caps (line one)\\nYour street address (line two)\\nYour city, state and postal code (line three)\\nThe country (line four)\\n2-3. Mail your letter to France.\\nTake your letter to the post office and ask for help from one of the associates at the counter. They will be able to weigh the letter, and notify you of the correct postage amount. Pay for the postage and the post office employee will affix the postage stamp to your letter.\\nYour stamp should be placed in the upper right hand corner of your envelope.\\n3. Addressing French Recipients\\n3-1. Include the proper header.\\nFor a formal letter, you’ll need to include a header with your name and address as well as the name and address of the recipient, and the date. You should align your name and address on the left, followed by one line break, then align the recipient’s name and address on the right side of the page. Include an additional line break, then the date, then begin to address the recipient.\\nThe format for both your info and that of the recipient should appear as follows: name (line one), house number and street address (line two), postal code and city name (line three), country name (line four).\\n3-2. Address the recipient properly.\\nIf you are writing a letter to France, unless it is to a close personal friend, you should follow the guidelines for formal letter writing. You should address the person by their official title – like Monsieur le Directeur or Madame la Directrice.\\nThe French word “cher” is the equivalent of the English “dear.” You can say “Cher Monsieur” for a man, or “Chère Madame” for a female addressee.\\nIf you are writing to more than one person, you can say “Chers Messieurs et Mesdames” – which means “Dear Sirs and Madames.”\\nIf you don’t know the name(s) of the recipients, or you are writing to a group of sorts, you may use “À qui de droit,” which is the French equivalent of “To whom it may concern.”\\nAnd remember that if you are writing the letter in French, you should always use the formal “vous,” rather than the informal “tu.”\\n3-3. End the letter appropriately.\\nRemember that the French are a bit more formal than some English-speaking countries, so a letter to France requires a somewhat formal closing. Be sure to choose a closing remark that fits with the situation.\\nFor a very formal or professional situation, you can write “Je vous prie d’agréer, repeat the title as you started your letter, l’expression de mes salutations distinguées.”\\nFor a slightly less formal, but still professional, situation, you can write “Cordialement” (like “Cordially”), or “Bien à vous” (“yours truly”).\\nFor a letter to friends or family members, you can write “Affectueusement” (like “Fondly”) or “Gros bisous” (like “hugs and kisses”).\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Postal systems between countries can differ greatly. The French mail system, called \\\"La Poste,\\\" delivers mail throughout France and even allows you to deliver a registered letter through the Internet. A noticeable difference in France is that La Poste prefers the use of clear capital letters on envelopes. The best way to ensure that your letter is received in France in a timely manner is to follow the French postal etiquette as closely as possible, while taking into account your own country's postal system.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow French etiquette when writing the addressee’s name.\", \"描述\": \"Write the person's full name in the top line of text, near the middle of your envelope. Include their title; this means that you should use \\\"Madame\\\" for a woman and \\\"Monsieur\\\" for a man. \\\"Mademoiselle\\\" is often used for a young, unmarried woman.\\nYou can also use title abbreviations, such as \\\"M.\\\" for \\\"Monsieur,\\\" \\\"Mme\\\" for \\\"Madame,\\\" and \\\"Mlle\\\" for \\\"Mademoiselle.\\\"\\nIn France, people typically write last names all in capital letters to avoid any possible confusion. For example, you should address your letter to John SMITH instead of John Smith.\\nFor example: Mlle Brigitte MENIVIER\\nWrite the company's name on the second line, if you are writing a business letter. Exclude this step if it is a personal letter. For example: Firm France.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Put the recipient’s address on the front middle of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"When writing letters to France, the recipient’s address is the only thing that should appear on the front of the envelope – and the postage, of course. Write it in the middle of the envelope, leaving at least ⁄8 in (16 mm) of blank space between the address and bottom of the envelope for the French post office’s printed bar codes. You should include the recipient’s name (line one), the street address (line two), the postal code followed by the city name (line three), and the country (line four). Be sure to capitalize all proper nouns, like street names and towns.\\nHere is an example of how the recipient address should look:\\nJohn SMITH\\n118 Boulevard Saint-Germain\\n75006 Paris\\nFrance\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand additional French postal rules.\", \"描述\": \"When addressing a letter to France, there are a few other things to keep in mind. Each address line can contain a maximum of 38 characters, with a maximum of six overall lines allowed.\\nSome people prefer to write the street name, city name, and country name in all caps as well, though this is not required.\\nDo not include a comma between the house number and the street name.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing the Letter for Delivery\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Put the letter in the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Place the letter or contents inside the envelope and seal it if you have not already done so. Make sure the contents fit well inside the regular or padded envelope, as mail can sometimes be damaged in transit, especially if it is an odd shape.\\nIf you are using a padded envelope, or if your package is bumpy, address your envelope before placing the contents inside to ensure that the addresses are clear and legible.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write your address on the back.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have inserted the letter into the envelope and sealed it shut, you should write your name and address on the back. The French post likes to have the return address over the sealed portion of the envelope to show that it has not been opened or tampered with. You should include the following information:\\nYour first and last name – with the last name in all caps (line one)\\nYour street address (line two)\\nYour city, state and postal code (line three)\\nThe country (line four)\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mail your letter to France.\", \"描述\": \"Take your letter to the post office and ask for help from one of the associates at the counter. They will be able to weigh the letter, and notify you of the correct postage amount. Pay for the postage and the post office employee will affix the postage stamp to your letter.\\nYour stamp should be placed in the upper right hand corner of your envelope.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing French Recipients\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Include the proper header.\", \"描述\": \"For a formal letter, you’ll need to include a header with your name and address as well as the name and address of the recipient, and the date. You should align your name and address on the left, followed by one line break, then align the recipient’s name and address on the right side of the page. Include an additional line break, then the date, then begin to address the recipient.\\nThe format for both your info and that of the recipient should appear as follows: name (line one), house number and street address (line two), postal code and city name (line three), country name (line four).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address the recipient properly.\", \"描述\": \"If you are writing a letter to France, unless it is to a close personal friend, you should follow the guidelines for formal letter writing. You should address the person by their official title – like Monsieur le Directeur or Madame la Directrice.\\nThe French word “cher” is the equivalent of the English “dear.” You can say “Cher Monsieur” for a man, or “Chère Madame” for a female addressee.\\nIf you are writing to more than one person, you can say “Chers Messieurs et Mesdames” – which means “Dear Sirs and Madames.”\\nIf you don’t know the name(s) of the recipients, or you are writing to a group of sorts, you may use “À qui de droit,” which is the French equivalent of “To whom it may concern.”\\nAnd remember that if you are writing the letter in French, you should always use the formal “vous,” rather than the informal “tu.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"End the letter appropriately.\", \"描述\": \"Remember that the French are a bit more formal than some English-speaking countries, so a letter to France requires a somewhat formal closing. Be sure to choose a closing remark that fits with the situation.\\nFor a very formal or professional situation, you can write “Je vous prie d’agréer, repeat the title as you started your letter, l’expression de mes salutations distinguées.”\\nFor a slightly less formal, but still professional, situation, you can write “Cordialement” (like “Cordially”), or “Bien à vous” (“yours truly”).\\nFor a letter to friends or family members, you can write “Affectueusement” (like “Fondly”) or “Gros bisous” (like “hugs and kisses”).\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,262 | How to Address a Letter to Multiple Recipients | 1. Addressing A Professional Letter
1-1. Write a header.
Business letters include a header in the upper lefthand corner. This is a single-spaced list of information about the company and the letter's recipients. When addressing a business letter to multiple recipients, you will still need to include the header.
In the top right corner of the letter, you should write the recipient' names first. Write the names using formal titles if necessary (e.g., Dr. Nora Woods), and separate the names by a comma (e.g., Dr. Nora Woods, Dr. Mark Brook).
Then, write the name of the company on the next line (i.e., Penbrook Medical Associates), and on the next line write the company's address. On the last line write the city, the state abbreviation, and the zip code.
1-2. Address all names, if possible.
It may be possible to include all names in the salutation of a business letter. You can use "Dear" as your greeting, and proceed to address all the recipients. In a business letter, you end the salutation with a colon rather than a comma. For example, "Dear. Dr. Nora Woods and Dr. Mark Brook:".
1-3. Include a carbon copy.
However, you may be writing a letter to many, many recipients. In this case, you can include a carbon copy on the bottom of the letter. A carbon copy, or cc, lets others know who else is receiving the letter. You can include a carbon copy somewhere below your signature.
A carbon copy is usually marked by the words "cc" or "copies to", usually followed by a colon.
Multiple recipients are listed using their full names and alphabetically. For example, "cc: Dr. Mark Brook, Dr. Nora Woods." If the recipients are from a different business, it's important to include that business's name in parentheses after the names. For example, "cc: Dr. Mark Brooks (Penbrook Medical Associates), Dr. Nora Woods (Shepherd Medical Hospital).
Keep in mind, the term "carbon copy" means there will be copies of the letter circulating. You should make sure, if you're using a carbon copy, all parties listed receive their own copy of the letter. You should not use a carbon copy if you're only sending the letter to one person.
1-4. Use an informal word only in certain cases.
In rare cases, you may be sending a business letter out to an entire office or a very large group. In this case only, it is appropriate to use an informal word to address the letter. If you're sending a mass e-mail to your entire company, for example, you can write something like, "Dear Associates" or "Dear Colleagues" if your company consists of well over 10 people. Keep in mind it is always better to get a name, however.
2. Addressing A Personal Letter
2-1. Consider formality.
Formality makes a big deal in how you address a letter. When sending out a formal invitation, like a wedding invitation, it's custom to use titles like "Mr." and "Mrs." This is also the case for sending out cover letters. However, if you're sending a casual letter to a close friend or family member, formality matters less. It's appropriate to simply use first names, which may actually be easier when addressing multiple recipients. For example, it's more cumbersome to write "Dear Mr. Silas Kingsley and Mr. James Knight" than it is to simply write, "Dear Silas and James."
2-2. Take special considerations with married couples.
When addressing a letter to multiple recipients, you're often writing to a married couple. Do some research ahead of time. See whether or not the couple has the same last name, and make sure to address them by the appropriate title in a formal letter.
Whose name comes first is somewhat subjective, but some etiquette rules claim if someone has a high ranking title, like doctor, their name should come first. For example, if you're writing to a husband and wife, and the wife has a PhD, you would write, "Dear Dr. Jacobs and Mr. Jacobs." You could also write, "Dear Dr. and Mr. Jacobs."
If no one has a formal title beyond "Mr." or "Mrs.", you can simply write "Dear Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs" or "Dear Mr. Jacobs and Mrs. Jacobs." This really depends mostly on your preference. You can also try something like, "Dear Oliver and Marie Jacobs." You can also switch up the order of the names. Formal rules of etiquette usually place the man's name first, but this is a largely outdated practice and some people may even take offense.
If a couple has different last names, make sure you acknowledge this in your salutation. For example, "Dear Mr. Jacobs and Ms. Elliot" or "Dear Mr. Oliver Jacobs and Ms. Marie Elliot."
If this is an informal letter, keep things simple. You can just write "Dear Marie and Oliver" or "Dear Oliver and Marie."
2-3. Address a family as one unit, if appropriate.
If you're writing a letter to a family, consider addressing them as one unit. For example, you can try something like, "Dear Donahue Family." This is a salutation often used in holiday cards.
You can also try including a couple of names, but not all the names. If you know a couple with a lot of kids, for example, you can try something like, "Dear Katie, James, and family."
For smaller families, including the names of everyone can be a nice touch. If it's not too cumbersome, try to include everyone's name. For example, "Dear Katie, James, Harper, and Brayden."
2-4. Use an informal word as a last resort.
In some cases, you may not know who exactly you're addressing. While it's always ideal to try and get a name, if it's not possible you can use informal words. If you're sending a cover letter to a large literary magazine, you can write "Dear Editors" if there are five or six editors that handle submissions. If you're a boss and sending a letter to all your employees, something like "Dear employees" is sometimes appropriate.
Keep in mind it's always best to get a name. You should only use this approach as a last resort if you're unable to find a specific name.
3. Addressing the Envelope
3-1. Address a business letter.
In a business letter, you would write the name, then the company name, then the delivery address, and lastly the city, state, and zip code. In a business letter, write the first person's name, then a comma, then their title at the company after the comma. On a new line, write the next person's name, title, and so on.
3-2. Include all names, if possible.
If you're sending the letter to one address, try to include all names. In a formal letter, it's best to include full names and titles of all the recipients. However, this is not always possible. It depends on the size of the envelope and your handwriting. If you're able to write small and neat, or working with a larger envelope, it's probably feasible to include all names.
For example, you could write something like "Mr. Oliver Jacobs and Mrs. Marie Jacobs" as the recipient's name. If you're limited on space, you can try something like, "Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs."
Make sure you get titles correct. For example, if Oliver Jacobs has his PhD, write something like "Dr. Oliver Jacobs and Mrs. Marie Jacobs." Or "Dr. and Mrs. Jacobs."
For more informal letters, do not worry as much about titles. If you are writing to close relatives or friends, "Mr." and "Mrs." are no required. Simply write something like, "Oliver and Marie Jacobs" or "Marie and Oliver Jacobs."
3-3. Try referring to a family as a unit.
If you're sending out a Christmas card, it's usually appropriate to write the family as a single unit, using their last name and adding "family". You can write down "The Jones Family" on the envelope. As long as you have the address correct, the mail carrier should be able to figure it out.
3-4. Address a letter to the appropriate institution.
If you're mailing a letter to a larger institution, you should usually write down the name of that institution. When applying to grants, scholarships, and so on, there is usually instructions on your application explaining how to address your envelope. Usually, you would write something like, "Admissions Office at Brown University."
When sending in submissions to a literary magazine, the magazine's website should provide information on how to address your envelope.
4. Avoiding Pitfalls
4-1. Stay away from referring to a married couple by the man's name.
Some very dated rules of etiquette advise omitting the woman's name when addressing a married couple. You would address a couple as something like, "Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Jacobs." While this was once the preferred method of addressing a married couple, it's considered dated by modern standards. Many women find it sexist to have their names omitted in a letter. You should err on the side of caution and avoid omitting a woman's name when addressing a letter or envelope.
4-2. Avoid things like "To Whom it May Concern" in cover letters.
Many people begin cover letters with something like "To Whom It May Concern." You may do this if you find multiple names for the hiring manager. However, it's always better to go with one or two names. Writing "To Whom It May Concern" conveys you did not do your research. You can usually figure out a company's hiring manager by browsing their website.
If you cannot find any information on hiring managers, use a specific word to address your cover letter. For example, "Dear Hiring Managers" would work, or something like, "Dear Hiring Staff of the Hilton Hotel."
4-3. Make sure you get titles correct.
When addressing multiple recipients, make sure you get everyone's title correct. Know if someone has a PhD and address them as "Dr." If someone is a priest, check to see if they're typically addressed as "Rev." When sending out a letter, you want to make sure you're respectful of everyone's titles.
Tips
If the letter is a thank you note or another personal note, consider sending each person a separate letter.[9]
X
Research source
Email etiquette follows similar rules. You can use the same rules as formal letter writing to address a job application or other formal email.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing A Professional Letter\\n1-1. Write a header.\\nBusiness letters include a header in the upper lefthand corner. This is a single-spaced list of information about the company and the letter's recipients. When addressing a business letter to multiple recipients, you will still need to include the header.\\nIn the top right corner of the letter, you should write the recipient' names first. Write the names using formal titles if necessary (e.g., Dr. Nora Woods), and separate the names by a comma (e.g., Dr. Nora Woods, Dr. Mark Brook).\\nThen, write the name of the company on the next line (i.e., Penbrook Medical Associates), and on the next line write the company's address. On the last line write the city, the state abbreviation, and the zip code.\\n1-2. Address all names, if possible.\\nIt may be possible to include all names in the salutation of a business letter. You can use \\\"Dear\\\" as your greeting, and proceed to address all the recipients. In a business letter, you end the salutation with a colon rather than a comma. For example, \\\"Dear. Dr. Nora Woods and Dr. Mark Brook:\\\".\\n1-3. Include a carbon copy.\\nHowever, you may be writing a letter to many, many recipients. In this case, you can include a carbon copy on the bottom of the letter. A carbon copy, or cc, lets others know who else is receiving the letter. You can include a carbon copy somewhere below your signature.\\nA carbon copy is usually marked by the words \\\"cc\\\" or \\\"copies to\\\", usually followed by a colon.\\nMultiple recipients are listed using their full names and alphabetically. For example, \\\"cc: Dr. Mark Brook, Dr. Nora Woods.\\\" If the recipients are from a different business, it's important to include that business's name in parentheses after the names. For example, \\\"cc: Dr. Mark Brooks (Penbrook Medical Associates), Dr. Nora Woods (Shepherd Medical Hospital).\\nKeep in mind, the term \\\"carbon copy\\\" means there will be copies of the letter circulating. You should make sure, if you're using a carbon copy, all parties listed receive their own copy of the letter. You should not use a carbon copy if you're only sending the letter to one person.\\n1-4. Use an informal word only in certain cases.\\nIn rare cases, you may be sending a business letter out to an entire office or a very large group. In this case only, it is appropriate to use an informal word to address the letter. If you're sending a mass e-mail to your entire company, for example, you can write something like, \\\"Dear Associates\\\" or \\\"Dear Colleagues\\\" if your company consists of well over 10 people. Keep in mind it is always better to get a name, however.\\n2. Addressing A Personal Letter\\n2-1. Consider formality.\\nFormality makes a big deal in how you address a letter. When sending out a formal invitation, like a wedding invitation, it's custom to use titles like \\\"Mr.\\\" and \\\"Mrs.\\\" This is also the case for sending out cover letters. However, if you're sending a casual letter to a close friend or family member, formality matters less. It's appropriate to simply use first names, which may actually be easier when addressing multiple recipients. For example, it's more cumbersome to write \\\"Dear Mr. Silas Kingsley and Mr. James Knight\\\" than it is to simply write, \\\"Dear Silas and James.\\\"\\n2-2. Take special considerations with married couples.\\nWhen addressing a letter to multiple recipients, you're often writing to a married couple. Do some research ahead of time. See whether or not the couple has the same last name, and make sure to address them by the appropriate title in a formal letter.\\nWhose name comes first is somewhat subjective, but some etiquette rules claim if someone has a high ranking title, like doctor, their name should come first. For example, if you're writing to a husband and wife, and the wife has a PhD, you would write, \\\"Dear Dr. Jacobs and Mr. Jacobs.\\\" You could also write, \\\"Dear Dr. and Mr. Jacobs.\\\"\\nIf no one has a formal title beyond \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Mrs.\\\", you can simply write \\\"Dear Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs\\\" or \\\"Dear Mr. Jacobs and Mrs. Jacobs.\\\" This really depends mostly on your preference. You can also try something like, \\\"Dear Oliver and Marie Jacobs.\\\" You can also switch up the order of the names. Formal rules of etiquette usually place the man's name first, but this is a largely outdated practice and some people may even take offense.\\nIf a couple has different last names, make sure you acknowledge this in your salutation. For example, \\\"Dear Mr. Jacobs and Ms. Elliot\\\" or \\\"Dear Mr. Oliver Jacobs and Ms. Marie Elliot.\\\"\\nIf this is an informal letter, keep things simple. You can just write \\\"Dear Marie and Oliver\\\" or \\\"Dear Oliver and Marie.\\\"\\n2-3. Address a family as one unit, if appropriate.\\nIf you're writing a letter to a family, consider addressing them as one unit. For example, you can try something like, \\\"Dear Donahue Family.\\\" This is a salutation often used in holiday cards.\\nYou can also try including a couple of names, but not all the names. If you know a couple with a lot of kids, for example, you can try something like, \\\"Dear Katie, James, and family.\\\"\\nFor smaller families, including the names of everyone can be a nice touch. If it's not too cumbersome, try to include everyone's name. For example, \\\"Dear Katie, James, Harper, and Brayden.\\\"\\n2-4. Use an informal word as a last resort.\\nIn some cases, you may not know who exactly you're addressing. While it's always ideal to try and get a name, if it's not possible you can use informal words. If you're sending a cover letter to a large literary magazine, you can write \\\"Dear Editors\\\" if there are five or six editors that handle submissions. If you're a boss and sending a letter to all your employees, something like \\\"Dear employees\\\" is sometimes appropriate.\\nKeep in mind it's always best to get a name. You should only use this approach as a last resort if you're unable to find a specific name.\\n3. Addressing the Envelope\\n3-1. Address a business letter.\\nIn a business letter, you would write the name, then the company name, then the delivery address, and lastly the city, state, and zip code. In a business letter, write the first person's name, then a comma, then their title at the company after the comma. On a new line, write the next person's name, title, and so on.\\n3-2. Include all names, if possible.\\nIf you're sending the letter to one address, try to include all names. In a formal letter, it's best to include full names and titles of all the recipients. However, this is not always possible. It depends on the size of the envelope and your handwriting. If you're able to write small and neat, or working with a larger envelope, it's probably feasible to include all names.\\nFor example, you could write something like \\\"Mr. Oliver Jacobs and Mrs. Marie Jacobs\\\" as the recipient's name. If you're limited on space, you can try something like, \\\"Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs.\\\"\\nMake sure you get titles correct. For example, if Oliver Jacobs has his PhD, write something like \\\"Dr. Oliver Jacobs and Mrs. Marie Jacobs.\\\" Or \\\"Dr. and Mrs. Jacobs.\\\"\\nFor more informal letters, do not worry as much about titles. If you are writing to close relatives or friends, \\\"Mr.\\\" and \\\"Mrs.\\\" are no required. Simply write something like, \\\"Oliver and Marie Jacobs\\\" or \\\"Marie and Oliver Jacobs.\\\"\\n3-3. Try referring to a family as a unit.\\nIf you're sending out a Christmas card, it's usually appropriate to write the family as a single unit, using their last name and adding \\\"family\\\". You can write down \\\"The Jones Family\\\" on the envelope. As long as you have the address correct, the mail carrier should be able to figure it out.\\n3-4. Address a letter to the appropriate institution.\\nIf you're mailing a letter to a larger institution, you should usually write down the name of that institution. When applying to grants, scholarships, and so on, there is usually instructions on your application explaining how to address your envelope. Usually, you would write something like, \\\"Admissions Office at Brown University.\\\"\\nWhen sending in submissions to a literary magazine, the magazine's website should provide information on how to address your envelope.\\n4. Avoiding Pitfalls\\n4-1. Stay away from referring to a married couple by the man's name.\\nSome very dated rules of etiquette advise omitting the woman's name when addressing a married couple. You would address a couple as something like, \\\"Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Jacobs.\\\" While this was once the preferred method of addressing a married couple, it's considered dated by modern standards. Many women find it sexist to have their names omitted in a letter. You should err on the side of caution and avoid omitting a woman's name when addressing a letter or envelope.\\n4-2. Avoid things like \\\"To Whom it May Concern\\\" in cover letters.\\nMany people begin cover letters with something like \\\"To Whom It May Concern.\\\" You may do this if you find multiple names for the hiring manager. However, it's always better to go with one or two names. Writing \\\"To Whom It May Concern\\\" conveys you did not do your research. You can usually figure out a company's hiring manager by browsing their website.\\nIf you cannot find any information on hiring managers, use a specific word to address your cover letter. For example, \\\"Dear Hiring Managers\\\" would work, or something like, \\\"Dear Hiring Staff of the Hilton Hotel.\\\"\\n4-3. Make sure you get titles correct.\\nWhen addressing multiple recipients, make sure you get everyone's title correct. Know if someone has a PhD and address them as \\\"Dr.\\\" If someone is a priest, check to see if they're typically addressed as \\\"Rev.\\\" When sending out a letter, you want to make sure you're respectful of everyone's titles.\\nTips\\nIf the letter is a thank you note or another personal note, consider sending each person a separate letter.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nEmail etiquette follows similar rules. You can use the same rules as formal letter writing to address a job application or other formal email.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are many situations where you may find yourself writing a letter to multiple recipients. You may be sending a Christmas letter or wedding invitation to a large family. You may be sending a cover letter for a job where there are multiple hiring managers. Whatever the case, you have a variety of options when it comes to addressing a letter to multiple recipients.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing A Professional Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write a header.\", \"描述\": \"Business letters include a header in the upper lefthand corner. This is a single-spaced list of information about the company and the letter's recipients. When addressing a business letter to multiple recipients, you will still need to include the header.\\nIn the top right corner of the letter, you should write the recipient' names first. Write the names using formal titles if necessary (e.g., Dr. Nora Woods), and separate the names by a comma (e.g., Dr. Nora Woods, Dr. Mark Brook).\\nThen, write the name of the company on the next line (i.e., Penbrook Medical Associates), and on the next line write the company's address. On the last line write the city, the state abbreviation, and the zip code.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address all names, if possible.\", \"描述\": \"It may be possible to include all names in the salutation of a business letter. You can use \\\"Dear\\\" as your greeting, and proceed to address all the recipients. In a business letter, you end the salutation with a colon rather than a comma. For example, \\\"Dear. Dr. Nora Woods and Dr. Mark Brook:\\\".\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include a carbon copy.\", \"描述\": \"However, you may be writing a letter to many, many recipients. In this case, you can include a carbon copy on the bottom of the letter. A carbon copy, or cc, lets others know who else is receiving the letter. You can include a carbon copy somewhere below your signature.\\nA carbon copy is usually marked by the words \\\"cc\\\" or \\\"copies to\\\", usually followed by a colon.\\nMultiple recipients are listed using their full names and alphabetically. For example, \\\"cc: Dr. Mark Brook, Dr. Nora Woods.\\\" If the recipients are from a different business, it's important to include that business's name in parentheses after the names. For example, \\\"cc: Dr. Mark Brooks (Penbrook Medical Associates), Dr. Nora Woods (Shepherd Medical Hospital).\\nKeep in mind, the term \\\"carbon copy\\\" means there will be copies of the letter circulating. You should make sure, if you're using a carbon copy, all parties listed receive their own copy of the letter. You should not use a carbon copy if you're only sending the letter to one person.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use an informal word only in certain cases.\", \"描述\": \"In rare cases, you may be sending a business letter out to an entire office or a very large group. In this case only, it is appropriate to use an informal word to address the letter. If you're sending a mass e-mail to your entire company, for example, you can write something like, \\\"Dear Associates\\\" or \\\"Dear Colleagues\\\" if your company consists of well over 10 people. Keep in mind it is always better to get a name, however.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing A Personal Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider formality.\", \"描述\": \"Formality makes a big deal in how you address a letter. When sending out a formal invitation, like a wedding invitation, it's custom to use titles like \\\"Mr.\\\" and \\\"Mrs.\\\" This is also the case for sending out cover letters. However, if you're sending a casual letter to a close friend or family member, formality matters less. It's appropriate to simply use first names, which may actually be easier when addressing multiple recipients. For example, it's more cumbersome to write \\\"Dear Mr. Silas Kingsley and Mr. James Knight\\\" than it is to simply write, \\\"Dear Silas and James.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take special considerations with married couples.\", \"描述\": \"When addressing a letter to multiple recipients, you're often writing to a married couple. Do some research ahead of time. See whether or not the couple has the same last name, and make sure to address them by the appropriate title in a formal letter.\\nWhose name comes first is somewhat subjective, but some etiquette rules claim if someone has a high ranking title, like doctor, their name should come first. For example, if you're writing to a husband and wife, and the wife has a PhD, you would write, \\\"Dear Dr. Jacobs and Mr. Jacobs.\\\" You could also write, \\\"Dear Dr. and Mr. Jacobs.\\\"\\nIf no one has a formal title beyond \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Mrs.\\\", you can simply write \\\"Dear Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs\\\" or \\\"Dear Mr. Jacobs and Mrs. Jacobs.\\\" This really depends mostly on your preference. You can also try something like, \\\"Dear Oliver and Marie Jacobs.\\\" You can also switch up the order of the names. Formal rules of etiquette usually place the man's name first, but this is a largely outdated practice and some people may even take offense.\\nIf a couple has different last names, make sure you acknowledge this in your salutation. For example, \\\"Dear Mr. Jacobs and Ms. Elliot\\\" or \\\"Dear Mr. Oliver Jacobs and Ms. Marie Elliot.\\\"\\nIf this is an informal letter, keep things simple. You can just write \\\"Dear Marie and Oliver\\\" or \\\"Dear Oliver and Marie.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address a family as one unit, if appropriate.\", \"描述\": \"If you're writing a letter to a family, consider addressing them as one unit. For example, you can try something like, \\\"Dear Donahue Family.\\\" This is a salutation often used in holiday cards.\\nYou can also try including a couple of names, but not all the names. If you know a couple with a lot of kids, for example, you can try something like, \\\"Dear Katie, James, and family.\\\"\\nFor smaller families, including the names of everyone can be a nice touch. If it's not too cumbersome, try to include everyone's name. For example, \\\"Dear Katie, James, Harper, and Brayden.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use an informal word as a last resort.\", \"描述\": \"In some cases, you may not know who exactly you're addressing. While it's always ideal to try and get a name, if it's not possible you can use informal words. If you're sending a cover letter to a large literary magazine, you can write \\\"Dear Editors\\\" if there are five or six editors that handle submissions. If you're a boss and sending a letter to all your employees, something like \\\"Dear employees\\\" is sometimes appropriate.\\nKeep in mind it's always best to get a name. You should only use this approach as a last resort if you're unable to find a specific name.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address a business letter.\", \"描述\": \"In a business letter, you would write the name, then the company name, then the delivery address, and lastly the city, state, and zip code. In a business letter, write the first person's name, then a comma, then their title at the company after the comma. On a new line, write the next person's name, title, and so on.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include all names, if possible.\", \"描述\": \"If you're sending the letter to one address, try to include all names. In a formal letter, it's best to include full names and titles of all the recipients. However, this is not always possible. It depends on the size of the envelope and your handwriting. If you're able to write small and neat, or working with a larger envelope, it's probably feasible to include all names.\\nFor example, you could write something like \\\"Mr. Oliver Jacobs and Mrs. Marie Jacobs\\\" as the recipient's name. If you're limited on space, you can try something like, \\\"Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs.\\\"\\nMake sure you get titles correct. For example, if Oliver Jacobs has his PhD, write something like \\\"Dr. Oliver Jacobs and Mrs. Marie Jacobs.\\\" Or \\\"Dr. and Mrs. Jacobs.\\\"\\nFor more informal letters, do not worry as much about titles. If you are writing to close relatives or friends, \\\"Mr.\\\" and \\\"Mrs.\\\" are no required. Simply write something like, \\\"Oliver and Marie Jacobs\\\" or \\\"Marie and Oliver Jacobs.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try referring to a family as a unit.\", \"描述\": \"If you're sending out a Christmas card, it's usually appropriate to write the family as a single unit, using their last name and adding \\\"family\\\". You can write down \\\"The Jones Family\\\" on the envelope. As long as you have the address correct, the mail carrier should be able to figure it out.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address a letter to the appropriate institution.\", \"描述\": \"If you're mailing a letter to a larger institution, you should usually write down the name of that institution. When applying to grants, scholarships, and so on, there is usually instructions on your application explaining how to address your envelope. Usually, you would write something like, \\\"Admissions Office at Brown University.\\\"\\nWhen sending in submissions to a literary magazine, the magazine's website should provide information on how to address your envelope.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Pitfalls\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stay away from referring to a married couple by the man's name.\", \"描述\": \"Some very dated rules of etiquette advise omitting the woman's name when addressing a married couple. You would address a couple as something like, \\\"Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Jacobs.\\\" While this was once the preferred method of addressing a married couple, it's considered dated by modern standards. Many women find it sexist to have their names omitted in a letter. You should err on the side of caution and avoid omitting a woman's name when addressing a letter or envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid things like \\\"To Whom it May Concern\\\" in cover letters.\", \"描述\": \"Many people begin cover letters with something like \\\"To Whom It May Concern.\\\" You may do this if you find multiple names for the hiring manager. However, it's always better to go with one or two names. Writing \\\"To Whom It May Concern\\\" conveys you did not do your research. You can usually figure out a company's hiring manager by browsing their website.\\nIf you cannot find any information on hiring managers, use a specific word to address your cover letter. For example, \\\"Dear Hiring Managers\\\" would work, or something like, \\\"Dear Hiring Staff of the Hilton Hotel.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure you get titles correct.\", \"描述\": \"When addressing multiple recipients, make sure you get everyone's title correct. Know if someone has a PhD and address them as \\\"Dr.\\\" If someone is a priest, check to see if they're typically addressed as \\\"Rev.\\\" When sending out a letter, you want to make sure you're respectful of everyone's titles.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If the letter is a thank you note or another personal note, consider sending each person a separate letter.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Email etiquette follows similar rules. You can use the same rules as formal letter writing to address a job application or other formal email.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,263 | How to Address a Letter to a Family | 1. Choosing the Correct Written Name
1-1. Start your letter with the salutation “Dear.”
This is the most common way to begin a letter to someone. Write “Dear” and then the person’s name or family’s names right after it.
Instead of “Dear,” you might choose to begin the letter with “Hello.”
1-2. Call the family members by their first names for a casual greeting.
This is a good way to begin your letter if you know the family well. After “Dear,” write each person’s name starting with the parents and ending with the children’s names.
For a more personal touch, consider adding the family’s pet names onto the list at the end as well.
Tack on the family’s last name after the last person’s first name, if desired. For example: “Dear Sally, David, and Lilly Stevens.”
1-3. Address the family as a collective group by writing their last name and “Family.”
For example, “Dear Smith family,” or “To the Turner Family.” This eliminates the need to write each person’s name and is a great condensed salutation.
Whether you choose to capitalize the word “family” is up to you, but the family’s last name should always be capitalized.
1-4. Add "Mr" and "Mrs" to make your writing more formal.
These titles can be tacked on before first names or last names. For instance, your letter might start off with, “Dear Mr. and Mrs. Adams,” or “Dear Ms. Kate, Mr. Robert, and Miss Sierra.” This makes your letter a bit more official and proper.
If you’re not sure how a woman prefers to be addressed, use “Ms.”
Another example might be, “Dear Ms. Stern and Mr. Lichtman.”
1-5. Write each person’s individual name if they don’t share the same last name.
This is used if you’re addressing a married couple that uses different last names, as well as an unmarried couple or children that live in the same house but share different last names. Either write their first and last names, or write each person’s last name with a title in front of it.
For example, you might write, “Dear Ross Green and Trudy Smith.”
Another example would be, “Dear Mr. Thornhill and Mrs. Morgan.”
1-6. Use a distinguishing title if a person in the family has one.
If an adult in the family is a doctor, reverend, or other type of distinguished person, add their title before their name. For example, if you’re addressing a doctor, you would write, “Dear Dr. Parker” along with the rest of the family's names.
Add the titles for military personnel and judges as well.
Another example would be, “Dear Lieutenant Allen and family,” or “Dear. Reverend Smith, Mrs. Smith, and family.”
1-7. Add a comma after the name and begin writing your letter.
Once you’ve written the family’s name as you’d like it to appear in your letter, add a comma as punctuation for the salutation. Skip a line or two after writing the salutation, and begin writing the body of your letter.
Instead of a comma, you could also use a colon or em dash, though a comma is most common.
2. Addressing the Envelope
2-1. Use neat handwriting to make sure the post office can read the address.
It’s best to print the names and address instead of writing them in cursive to ensure that they’re legible. Use neat handwriting and a pen so your letter gets to the right place.
2-2. Write the return address in the top left corner of the envelope.
This is the sender’s address, so if you’re writing the letter, you’ll put your address in the top left corner. Write your full name on the first line, your street address or PO box on the second line, and your city, state, and zip code on the third line.
Start your writing in the uppermost corner to ensure you have enough space.
2-3. Put the family name and address in the center of the envelope.
Since you don’t have a lot of space in the middle of the envelope, avoid listing each family member’s name and instead just write their collective family last name. Write the family name in the center of the envelope, their street address right below their name, and their city, state, and zip code on the third line.
If the family contains people with different last names, you might address the envelope as, “The Smiths and the Walkers.”
Use the family’s PO box if they don’t have a street address.
A sample envelope might read (first line) The Jones Family (second line) 1234 wikiHow Place (third line) Palo Alto, California 94301.
2-4. Place a stamp in the top right corner so your letter is ready to be mailed.
Use enough postage to ensure your letter gets to its destination. Place the stamp (or multiple stamps) in the upper right corner, pressing down on it to make sure it sticks.
If you’re not sure how many stamps to use, go online to the post office’s website for more information.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Choosing the Correct Written Name\\n1-1. Start your letter with the salutation “Dear.”\\nThis is the most common way to begin a letter to someone. Write “Dear” and then the person’s name or family’s names right after it.\\nInstead of “Dear,” you might choose to begin the letter with “Hello.”\\n1-2. Call the family members by their first names for a casual greeting.\\nThis is a good way to begin your letter if you know the family well. After “Dear,” write each person’s name starting with the parents and ending with the children’s names.\\nFor a more personal touch, consider adding the family’s pet names onto the list at the end as well.\\nTack on the family’s last name after the last person’s first name, if desired. For example: “Dear Sally, David, and Lilly Stevens.”\\n1-3. Address the family as a collective group by writing their last name and “Family.”\\nFor example, “Dear Smith family,” or “To the Turner Family.” This eliminates the need to write each person’s name and is a great condensed salutation.\\nWhether you choose to capitalize the word “family” is up to you, but the family’s last name should always be capitalized.\\n1-4. Add \\\"Mr\\\" and \\\"Mrs\\\" to make your writing more formal.\\nThese titles can be tacked on before first names or last names. For instance, your letter might start off with, “Dear Mr. and Mrs. Adams,” or “Dear Ms. Kate, Mr. Robert, and Miss Sierra.” This makes your letter a bit more official and proper.\\nIf you’re not sure how a woman prefers to be addressed, use “Ms.”\\nAnother example might be, “Dear Ms. Stern and Mr. Lichtman.”\\n1-5. Write each person’s individual name if they don’t share the same last name.\\nThis is used if you’re addressing a married couple that uses different last names, as well as an unmarried couple or children that live in the same house but share different last names. Either write their first and last names, or write each person’s last name with a title in front of it.\\nFor example, you might write, “Dear Ross Green and Trudy Smith.”\\nAnother example would be, “Dear Mr. Thornhill and Mrs. Morgan.”\\n1-6. Use a distinguishing title if a person in the family has one.\\nIf an adult in the family is a doctor, reverend, or other type of distinguished person, add their title before their name. For example, if you’re addressing a doctor, you would write, “Dear Dr. Parker” along with the rest of the family's names.\\nAdd the titles for military personnel and judges as well.\\nAnother example would be, “Dear Lieutenant Allen and family,” or “Dear. Reverend Smith, Mrs. Smith, and family.”\\n1-7. Add a comma after the name and begin writing your letter.\\nOnce you’ve written the family’s name as you’d like it to appear in your letter, add a comma as punctuation for the salutation. Skip a line or two after writing the salutation, and begin writing the body of your letter.\\nInstead of a comma, you could also use a colon or em dash, though a comma is most common.\\n2. Addressing the Envelope\\n2-1. Use neat handwriting to make sure the post office can read the address.\\nIt’s best to print the names and address instead of writing them in cursive to ensure that they’re legible. Use neat handwriting and a pen so your letter gets to the right place.\\n2-2. Write the return address in the top left corner of the envelope.\\nThis is the sender’s address, so if you’re writing the letter, you’ll put your address in the top left corner. Write your full name on the first line, your street address or PO box on the second line, and your city, state, and zip code on the third line.\\nStart your writing in the uppermost corner to ensure you have enough space.\\n2-3. Put the family name and address in the center of the envelope.\\nSince you don’t have a lot of space in the middle of the envelope, avoid listing each family member’s name and instead just write their collective family last name. Write the family name in the center of the envelope, their street address right below their name, and their city, state, and zip code on the third line.\\nIf the family contains people with different last names, you might address the envelope as, “The Smiths and the Walkers.”\\nUse the family’s PO box if they don’t have a street address.\\nA sample envelope might read (first line) The Jones Family (second line) 1234 wikiHow Place (third line) Palo Alto, California 94301.\\n2-4. Place a stamp in the top right corner so your letter is ready to be mailed.\\nUse enough postage to ensure your letter gets to its destination. Place the stamp (or multiple stamps) in the upper right corner, pressing down on it to make sure it sticks.\\nIf you’re not sure how many stamps to use, go online to the post office’s website for more information.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're writing a letter to a family, there are several ways you can address them. Most letters start off with \\\"Dear\\\" and then the person or family's name. For a casual and friendly salutation, list each of their first names, while a more formal letter could address a family using titles like \\\"Ms.\\\" or Mr.\\\" For a simple solution, address the family as a collective group by writing their last name and then \\\"family\\\" after it.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choosing the Correct Written Name\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start your letter with the salutation “Dear.”\", \"描述\": \"This is the most common way to begin a letter to someone. Write “Dear” and then the person’s name or family’s names right after it.\\nInstead of “Dear,” you might choose to begin the letter with “Hello.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call the family members by their first names for a casual greeting.\", \"描述\": \"This is a good way to begin your letter if you know the family well. After “Dear,” write each person’s name starting with the parents and ending with the children’s names.\\nFor a more personal touch, consider adding the family’s pet names onto the list at the end as well.\\nTack on the family’s last name after the last person’s first name, if desired. For example: “Dear Sally, David, and Lilly Stevens.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address the family as a collective group by writing their last name and “Family.”\", \"描述\": \"For example, “Dear Smith family,” or “To the Turner Family.” This eliminates the need to write each person’s name and is a great condensed salutation.\\nWhether you choose to capitalize the word “family” is up to you, but the family’s last name should always be capitalized.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add \\\"Mr\\\" and \\\"Mrs\\\" to make your writing more formal.\", \"描述\": \"These titles can be tacked on before first names or last names. For instance, your letter might start off with, “Dear Mr. and Mrs. Adams,” or “Dear Ms. Kate, Mr. Robert, and Miss Sierra.” This makes your letter a bit more official and proper.\\nIf you’re not sure how a woman prefers to be addressed, use “Ms.”\\nAnother example might be, “Dear Ms. Stern and Mr. Lichtman.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write each person’s individual name if they don’t share the same last name.\", \"描述\": \"This is used if you’re addressing a married couple that uses different last names, as well as an unmarried couple or children that live in the same house but share different last names. Either write their first and last names, or write each person’s last name with a title in front of it.\\nFor example, you might write, “Dear Ross Green and Trudy Smith.”\\nAnother example would be, “Dear Mr. Thornhill and Mrs. Morgan.”\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use a distinguishing title if a person in the family has one.\", \"描述\": \"If an adult in the family is a doctor, reverend, or other type of distinguished person, add their title before their name. For example, if you’re addressing a doctor, you would write, “Dear Dr. Parker” along with the rest of the family's names.\\nAdd the titles for military personnel and judges as well.\\nAnother example would be, “Dear Lieutenant Allen and family,” or “Dear. Reverend Smith, Mrs. Smith, and family.”\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Add a comma after the name and begin writing your letter.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve written the family’s name as you’d like it to appear in your letter, add a comma as punctuation for the salutation. Skip a line or two after writing the salutation, and begin writing the body of your letter.\\nInstead of a comma, you could also use a colon or em dash, though a comma is most common.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use neat handwriting to make sure the post office can read the address.\", \"描述\": \"It’s best to print the names and address instead of writing them in cursive to ensure that they’re legible. Use neat handwriting and a pen so your letter gets to the right place.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the return address in the top left corner of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"This is the sender’s address, so if you’re writing the letter, you’ll put your address in the top left corner. Write your full name on the first line, your street address or PO box on the second line, and your city, state, and zip code on the third line.\\nStart your writing in the uppermost corner to ensure you have enough space.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put the family name and address in the center of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Since you don’t have a lot of space in the middle of the envelope, avoid listing each family member’s name and instead just write their collective family last name. Write the family name in the center of the envelope, their street address right below their name, and their city, state, and zip code on the third line.\\nIf the family contains people with different last names, you might address the envelope as, “The Smiths and the Walkers.”\\nUse the family’s PO box if they don’t have a street address.\\nA sample envelope might read (first line) The Jones Family (second line) 1234 wikiHow Place (third line) Palo Alto, California 94301.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Place a stamp in the top right corner so your letter is ready to be mailed.\", \"描述\": \"Use enough postage to ensure your letter gets to its destination. Place the stamp (or multiple stamps) in the upper right corner, pressing down on it to make sure it sticks.\\nIf you’re not sure how many stamps to use, go online to the post office’s website for more information.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,264 | How to Address a Letter to a Government Official | 1. Addressing the Letter
1-1. Learn the official's name.
Make sure that you know exactly who this person is, and that he or she is the appropriate person to contact about your case. Clarify why you are writing a letter to this particular official.
1-2. Find the mailing address of the official.
Run a web search for "[government official] mailing address." If a web search doesn't turn up the answer, then visit the website for the relevant department of the local, state, or national government.
If you’re in the US, you can find a comprehensive list of contact information for national, state, and local administrators at https://www.usa.gov/.
If you’re not sure who to address, look for the address of the relevant department. For instance, you could write your local DMV office or the Department of Homeland Security.
1-3. Address the letter
Include the official's title and full name (e.g. President Barack Obama) along with his or her official mailing address.
Write the words clearly and legibly in the center of an envelope, and then seal the letter inside the envelope. Stick a stamp in the top-right corner of the envelope. If you are hoping for a response from this government official, make sure to write your full name and return address in the top-left corner of the envelope!
2. Following Proper Etiquette
2-1. Show due respect.
Open your letter with a formal salutation, and end it with an appropriate closing statement. Depending on the level of government, this official may employ a team of secretaries to read through his or her mailbox for important letters. A polite, thoughtful, and well-written letter will almost always be more likely to make it through this filtration system.
If writing to an embassy or ambassador, read How to Address Ambassadors.
2-2. Use the proper title.
Address a government official using their title and last name. However, if there is only ever one person in a given post at a time (e,g, the President, the Mayor, or the Speaker of the House,) then you can address the person by his or her title alone: Mr. President or Ms. Mayor. If multiple people hold a given office at one time (e.g. Senator, Justice, Representative,) then you need to use the last name to clarify whom, exactly, you're addressing.
It never hurts to include the official's name, even if he or she is the only person holding the position. A personally-addressed letter lends a certain degree of humanity to your message.
2-3. Read sample letters, or send a form letter.
Do your research to find out how other people have addressed letters to this particular government official. Some activism groups and petition websites will actually provide specific information about contacting the officials relevant to a certain cause. You may also be able to simply email the official.
If you’re unsure of what to write, try looking up a form letter and a clear subject line that gets your point across. Some elected officials receive hundreds of letters a day, and oftentimes don’t read them all closely.
3. Writing an Actionable Letter
3-1. Ask for something doable.
Before you send the letter, consider whether this government official will be able to meaningfully act on your letter. Avoid asking for unrealistic things. Do not ask the government official to do more than his/her job allows. Take a step back and consider whether there is a better channel for your complaint.
Petitions and form letters are usually well-written and actionable. Make sure, however, that the demanded actions fall within the scope of this official's duties.
3-2. Get your letter to the top of the stack.
Depending on rank, government officials may receive dozens to hundreds of letters each day. He or she may even employ professional letter-sorters to determine which select few messages actually wind up in the hands of the official. Make your letter polite, concise, and topical. In the first sentence or subject line, reference an issue that is at the top of the official's agenda.
The letters that wind up at the top of the stack will be readable, relevant, and easy for the official to understand.
Be sure to include your qualifications and explain why the official should listen to you. For example, if you’re a Ph.D., you live in the town that’s been in the news lately, or you recently met the official, they may take note of your opinion.
3-3. Make sure that your letter is appropriate.
Is it necessary, or are you just venting? Send a request that is polite, concise, and realistic. Do not swear or drop insults. Respect begets respect.
Do not threaten a government official. The letter can be traced back to you. Beyond any risk, your threats will not necessarily inspire productive action.
Tips
If you need more help, U.S. citizens can contact the Department of State's Office of Protocol at 202-647-2663. Representatives are available to answer etiquette questions over the phone.
If you wish to write the current First Lady of the United States, she should be addressed simply as Mrs. [Last Name] on both the envelope and in the salutation.
When writing a letter to a woman, address the recipient using her full name, not the name of her husband. While she may share her last name with her partner, she remains her own person and deserves to be addressed as such.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Letter\\n1-1. Learn the official's name.\\nMake sure that you know exactly who this person is, and that he or she is the appropriate person to contact about your case. Clarify why you are writing a letter to this particular official.\\n1-2. Find the mailing address of the official.\\nRun a web search for \\\"[government official] mailing address.\\\" If a web search doesn't turn up the answer, then visit the website for the relevant department of the local, state, or national government.\\nIf you’re in the US, you can find a comprehensive list of contact information for national, state, and local administrators at https://www.usa.gov/.\\nIf you’re not sure who to address, look for the address of the relevant department. For instance, you could write your local DMV office or the Department of Homeland Security.\\n1-3. Address the letter\\nInclude the official's title and full name (e.g. President Barack Obama) along with his or her official mailing address.\\n Write the words clearly and legibly in the center of an envelope, and then seal the letter inside the envelope. Stick a stamp in the top-right corner of the envelope. If you are hoping for a response from this government official, make sure to write your full name and return address in the top-left corner of the envelope!\\n2. Following Proper Etiquette\\n2-1. Show due respect.\\nOpen your letter with a formal salutation, and end it with an appropriate closing statement. Depending on the level of government, this official may employ a team of secretaries to read through his or her mailbox for important letters. A polite, thoughtful, and well-written letter will almost always be more likely to make it through this filtration system.\\nIf writing to an embassy or ambassador, read How to Address Ambassadors.\\n2-2. Use the proper title.\\nAddress a government official using their title and last name. However, if there is only ever one person in a given post at a time (e,g, the President, the Mayor, or the Speaker of the House,) then you can address the person by his or her title alone: Mr. President or Ms. Mayor. If multiple people hold a given office at one time (e.g. Senator, Justice, Representative,) then you need to use the last name to clarify whom, exactly, you're addressing.\\nIt never hurts to include the official's name, even if he or she is the only person holding the position. A personally-addressed letter lends a certain degree of humanity to your message.\\n2-3. Read sample letters, or send a form letter.\\nDo your research to find out how other people have addressed letters to this particular government official. Some activism groups and petition websites will actually provide specific information about contacting the officials relevant to a certain cause. You may also be able to simply email the official.\\nIf you’re unsure of what to write, try looking up a form letter and a clear subject line that gets your point across. Some elected officials receive hundreds of letters a day, and oftentimes don’t read them all closely.\\n3. Writing an Actionable Letter\\n3-1. Ask for something doable.\\nBefore you send the letter, consider whether this government official will be able to meaningfully act on your letter. Avoid asking for unrealistic things. Do not ask the government official to do more than his/her job allows. Take a step back and consider whether there is a better channel for your complaint.\\nPetitions and form letters are usually well-written and actionable. Make sure, however, that the demanded actions fall within the scope of this official's duties.\\n3-2. Get your letter to the top of the stack.\\nDepending on rank, government officials may receive dozens to hundreds of letters each day. He or she may even employ professional letter-sorters to determine which select few messages actually wind up in the hands of the official. Make your letter polite, concise, and topical. In the first sentence or subject line, reference an issue that is at the top of the official's agenda.\\nThe letters that wind up at the top of the stack will be readable, relevant, and easy for the official to understand.\\nBe sure to include your qualifications and explain why the official should listen to you. For example, if you’re a Ph.D., you live in the town that’s been in the news lately, or you recently met the official, they may take note of your opinion.\\n3-3. Make sure that your letter is appropriate.\\nIs it necessary, or are you just venting? Send a request that is polite, concise, and realistic. Do not swear or drop insults. Respect begets respect.\\nDo not threaten a government official. The letter can be traced back to you. Beyond any risk, your threats will not necessarily inspire productive action.\\nTips\\nIf you need more help, U.S. citizens can contact the Department of State's Office of Protocol at 202-647-2663. Representatives are available to answer etiquette questions over the phone.\\nIf you wish to write the current First Lady of the United States, she should be addressed simply as Mrs. [Last Name] on both the envelope and in the salutation.\\nWhen writing a letter to a woman, address the recipient using her full name, not the name of her husband. While she may share her last name with her partner, she remains her own person and deserves to be addressed as such.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Writing a letter to a government official can be a great way to weigh in on what's going on in your nation, state, or locality. Search online for the official mailing address of the leader that you wish to contact. The proper addressing etiquette varies from official to official, so make sure to look up the standard for the specific person to whom you are sending the letter!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn the official's name.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure that you know exactly who this person is, and that he or she is the appropriate person to contact about your case. Clarify why you are writing a letter to this particular official.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find the mailing address of the official.\", \"描述\": \"Run a web search for \\\"[government official] mailing address.\\\" If a web search doesn't turn up the answer, then visit the website for the relevant department of the local, state, or national government.\\nIf you’re in the US, you can find a comprehensive list of contact information for national, state, and local administrators at https://www.usa.gov/.\\nIf you’re not sure who to address, look for the address of the relevant department. For instance, you could write your local DMV office or the Department of Homeland Security.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address the letter\", \"描述\": \"Include the official's title and full name (e.g. President Barack Obama) along with his or her official mailing address.\\n Write the words clearly and legibly in the center of an envelope, and then seal the letter inside the envelope. Stick a stamp in the top-right corner of the envelope. If you are hoping for a response from this government official, make sure to write your full name and return address in the top-left corner of the envelope!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Following Proper Etiquette\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Show due respect.\", \"描述\": \"Open your letter with a formal salutation, and end it with an appropriate closing statement. Depending on the level of government, this official may employ a team of secretaries to read through his or her mailbox for important letters. A polite, thoughtful, and well-written letter will almost always be more likely to make it through this filtration system.\\nIf writing to an embassy or ambassador, read How to Address Ambassadors.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the proper title.\", \"描述\": \"Address a government official using their title and last name. However, if there is only ever one person in a given post at a time (e,g, the President, the Mayor, or the Speaker of the House,) then you can address the person by his or her title alone: Mr. President or Ms. Mayor. If multiple people hold a given office at one time (e.g. Senator, Justice, Representative,) then you need to use the last name to clarify whom, exactly, you're addressing.\\nIt never hurts to include the official's name, even if he or she is the only person holding the position. A personally-addressed letter lends a certain degree of humanity to your message.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read sample letters, or send a form letter.\", \"描述\": \"Do your research to find out how other people have addressed letters to this particular government official. Some activism groups and petition websites will actually provide specific information about contacting the officials relevant to a certain cause. You may also be able to simply email the official.\\nIf you’re unsure of what to write, try looking up a form letter and a clear subject line that gets your point across. Some elected officials receive hundreds of letters a day, and oftentimes don’t read them all closely.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Writing an Actionable Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ask for something doable.\", \"描述\": \"Before you send the letter, consider whether this government official will be able to meaningfully act on your letter. Avoid asking for unrealistic things. Do not ask the government official to do more than his/her job allows. Take a step back and consider whether there is a better channel for your complaint.\\nPetitions and form letters are usually well-written and actionable. Make sure, however, that the demanded actions fall within the scope of this official's duties.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get your letter to the top of the stack.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on rank, government officials may receive dozens to hundreds of letters each day. He or she may even employ professional letter-sorters to determine which select few messages actually wind up in the hands of the official. Make your letter polite, concise, and topical. In the first sentence or subject line, reference an issue that is at the top of the official's agenda.\\nThe letters that wind up at the top of the stack will be readable, relevant, and easy for the official to understand.\\nBe sure to include your qualifications and explain why the official should listen to you. For example, if you’re a Ph.D., you live in the town that’s been in the news lately, or you recently met the official, they may take note of your opinion.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure that your letter is appropriate.\", \"描述\": \"Is it necessary, or are you just venting? Send a request that is polite, concise, and realistic. Do not swear or drop insults. Respect begets respect.\\nDo not threaten a government official. The letter can be traced back to you. Beyond any risk, your threats will not necessarily inspire productive action.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you need more help, U.S. citizens can contact the Department of State's Office of Protocol at 202-647-2663. Representatives are available to answer etiquette questions over the phone.\\n\", \"If you wish to write the current First Lady of the United States, she should be addressed simply as Mrs. [Last Name] on both the envelope and in the salutation.\\n\", \"When writing a letter to a woman, address the recipient using her full name, not the name of her husband. While she may share her last name with her partner, she remains her own person and deserves to be addressed as such.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,265 | How to Address a Letter to a Judge | 1. Writing a Letter to a Judge
1-1. Write the date and the judge's address in the top left.
Use left aligned text to write today's date, followed by the judge's full address. If you are not sure how to format this, see the section on addressing the judge on the envelope.
1-2. Write your own address beneath this.
Add your own, full address, beginning two lines beneath the judge's. Include your name, street address, city, and zip code.
1-3. Write "Dear Judge (surname)," to begin the letter.
For almost all judges, write "Dear Judge" followed by the judge's last name to begin the letter. Write this on its own line, followed by a comma.
Address justices of the UK Supreme Court as "Dear (Lord/Lady) (surname)" instead.
If writing to a U.S. state or federal Supreme Court, use “Dear Justice” instead.
If a judge's title is "Chief Judge" or "Chief Justice," you may use that title instead. "Judge" or "Justice" is also acceptable.
1-4. Use the language in which you write best.
Many judges have access to professional interpreters, so do not feel you have to write the letter in English. If the language you prefer is rare in your area, however, you may wish to find a native English speaker to help you write a letter.
For example, if you are a Spanish speaker living in the United States, it is likely that a judge can find someone to translate your letter. On the other hand, if you speak Romanian in the United States, the judge would probably have a harder time finding an interpreter.
1-5. Refer to the name of the case (if relevant).
Each criminal case has a specific name and number. If you are writing to a judge about a specific case, refer to it by this name and number in the first sentence of your letter. If you do not know the name of the case, write "I am writing to you concerning the case with defendant (name of defendant)."
1-6. Make the purpose of your letter clear.
Start out the letter by describing your purpose for writing. This should be in the first paragraph, and preferably in the first sentence.
For example, begin the letter "I am writing to you about the defendant Josiah Smith, my brother. I am asking you to lower his bail, so he can afford to hire an attorney."
1-7. Keep the letter short and simple.
Ideally, the letter should be no longer than one page. Write in your own words, except when writing a formal letter on behalf of an organization. Take the time to check spelling and grammar mistakes, or ask someone to help you with this. The judge will take your letter more seriously.
You do not need to try to sound like a lawyer or businessman if it makes you uncomfortable. Judges are used to accepting correspondence from all types of people.
1-8. Don't include new evidence for a case.
If you believe that you have new evidence for a civil or criminal case, you should hand it over to the parties or attorneys in the case, not to the judge. Due to ethical guidelines, the judge will have to share the evidence with all parties in the case regardless.
If someone other than a party or attorney in the case brings evidence before the judge, the judge will most likely turn that evidence over to the police or another agency to decide what to do with it.
1-9. Close the letter with “Respectfully."
The proper way to close a letter to a judge is "Respectfully," followed by your full name on the line beneath. You may write "Respectfully yours," or "Respectfully submitted," if you prefer.
2. Addressing a Judge on the Envelope
2-1. Start the address on the envelope with "The Honorable (full name)."
For example, on the envelope addressed to Judge John Matthew Pool, write "The Honorable John M. Pool." You will need to include a second line with the judge's title, so do not write the court address yet.
In the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations, judges are often addressed on envelopes as "(His/Her) Hon Judge (surname)" or "(His/Her) Hon (Mr/Mrs) Judge (surname)" instead.
If the judge is a United States Supreme Court justice, instead write "Justice (surname)." If addressing the chief justice of that court, currently John Roberts, write "The Chief Justice of the United States" without a name.
2-2. Look up the judge's title and court.
If you do not have this information already, search for "judge (name)" online. You can also search for the name of the courthouse online to find its website. Some local telephone books may have a government section with the title and address of local judges or a phone number you can call to learn the address.
You can look up the court of employment for U.S. federal (not state) judges by name on the Federal Judicial Center website.
If the court address is not available online, call or visit a law school library and ask the librarian for assistance.
2-3. Write the judge's title on the second line.
The judge's title is usually displayed on the court website or telephone directory listing, but you do not necessarily need to write the exact title. Use the following guide to determine how to write the title for U.S. judges:
Chief Justice: the head of a state supreme court
Justice: other members of a state supreme court
Chief Judge: the head of any other court
Judge: any other judge of any other court, regardless of title
Skip this step if writing to the federal Supreme Court. The title is included already in the first line.
2-4. Add the name of the court to the second line.
Here are some examples of how to format the names of various U.S. courts, along with the judge's title:
Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit
Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas
Judge of the Superior Court of Alameda County
Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court
2-5. Finish with the postal address of the court.
Use the postal address of the court, formatted as usual with the street address on one line, and the city and zip code on a line below it. Here's an example of the final address:
The Honorable John M. PoolJudge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit1500 Oak St.San Francisco, CA 45095
3. Making Sure You Can Write a Letter to the Judge
3-1. Do not write an ex parte communication.
If you are a plaintiff or defendant in a case, you should not send a letter to the judge who is handling your case. That letter would be an ex parte communication, which is prohibited. Judges cannot engage in ex parte communications because they need to decide a case fairly based only on the arguments and evidence presented in court.
"Ex parte" means "on one side only; by or for one party.”
3-2. File a written motion with the clerk of court.
In addition to filing with the clerk of court, you will also have to serve the motion to all of the parties in the case. In your motion you will explain to the court what relief you want. Explain what relief you seek and why you are entitled to that relief.
"Relief" means what you are asking the court to do.
3-3. Understand that the opposing side will receive the enclosed information.
If you send a letter or other document directly to the judge, the judge or court staff must notify all parties (or their attorneys) about your communication, so the other parties can respond to it.
3-4. Respect the outcome.
The judge has the discretion to deny your request without a hearing.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Writing a Letter to a Judge\\n1-1. Write the date and the judge's address in the top left.\\nUse left aligned text to write today's date, followed by the judge's full address. If you are not sure how to format this, see the section on addressing the judge on the envelope.\\n1-2. Write your own address beneath this.\\nAdd your own, full address, beginning two lines beneath the judge's. Include your name, street address, city, and zip code.\\n1-3. Write \\\"Dear Judge (surname),\\\" to begin the letter.\\nFor almost all judges, write \\\"Dear Judge\\\" followed by the judge's last name to begin the letter. Write this on its own line, followed by a comma.\\nAddress justices of the UK Supreme Court as \\\"Dear (Lord/Lady) (surname)\\\" instead.\\nIf writing to a U.S. state or federal Supreme Court, use “Dear Justice” instead.\\nIf a judge's title is \\\"Chief Judge\\\" or \\\"Chief Justice,\\\" you may use that title instead. \\\"Judge\\\" or \\\"Justice\\\" is also acceptable.\\n1-4. Use the language in which you write best.\\nMany judges have access to professional interpreters, so do not feel you have to write the letter in English. If the language you prefer is rare in your area, however, you may wish to find a native English speaker to help you write a letter.\\nFor example, if you are a Spanish speaker living in the United States, it is likely that a judge can find someone to translate your letter. On the other hand, if you speak Romanian in the United States, the judge would probably have a harder time finding an interpreter.\\n1-5. Refer to the name of the case (if relevant).\\nEach criminal case has a specific name and number. If you are writing to a judge about a specific case, refer to it by this name and number in the first sentence of your letter. If you do not know the name of the case, write \\\"I am writing to you concerning the case with defendant (name of defendant).\\\"\\n1-6. Make the purpose of your letter clear.\\nStart out the letter by describing your purpose for writing. This should be in the first paragraph, and preferably in the first sentence.\\nFor example, begin the letter \\\"I am writing to you about the defendant Josiah Smith, my brother. I am asking you to lower his bail, so he can afford to hire an attorney.\\\"\\n1-7. Keep the letter short and simple.\\nIdeally, the letter should be no longer than one page. Write in your own words, except when writing a formal letter on behalf of an organization. Take the time to check spelling and grammar mistakes, or ask someone to help you with this. The judge will take your letter more seriously.\\nYou do not need to try to sound like a lawyer or businessman if it makes you uncomfortable. Judges are used to accepting correspondence from all types of people.\\n1-8. Don't include new evidence for a case.\\nIf you believe that you have new evidence for a civil or criminal case, you should hand it over to the parties or attorneys in the case, not to the judge. Due to ethical guidelines, the judge will have to share the evidence with all parties in the case regardless.\\nIf someone other than a party or attorney in the case brings evidence before the judge, the judge will most likely turn that evidence over to the police or another agency to decide what to do with it.\\n1-9. Close the letter with “Respectfully.\\\"\\nThe proper way to close a letter to a judge is \\\"Respectfully,\\\" followed by your full name on the line beneath. You may write \\\"Respectfully yours,\\\" or \\\"Respectfully submitted,\\\" if you prefer.\\n2. Addressing a Judge on the Envelope\\n2-1. Start the address on the envelope with \\\"The Honorable (full name).\\\"\\nFor example, on the envelope addressed to Judge John Matthew Pool, write \\\"The Honorable John M. Pool.\\\" You will need to include a second line with the judge's title, so do not write the court address yet.\\nIn the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations, judges are often addressed on envelopes as \\\"(His/Her) Hon Judge (surname)\\\" or \\\"(His/Her) Hon (Mr/Mrs) Judge (surname)\\\" instead.\\nIf the judge is a United States Supreme Court justice, instead write \\\"Justice (surname).\\\" If addressing the chief justice of that court, currently John Roberts, write \\\"The Chief Justice of the United States\\\" without a name.\\n2-2. Look up the judge's title and court.\\nIf you do not have this information already, search for \\\"judge (name)\\\" online. You can also search for the name of the courthouse online to find its website. Some local telephone books may have a government section with the title and address of local judges or a phone number you can call to learn the address.\\nYou can look up the court of employment for U.S. federal (not state) judges by name on the Federal Judicial Center website.\\nIf the court address is not available online, call or visit a law school library and ask the librarian for assistance.\\n2-3. Write the judge's title on the second line.\\nThe judge's title is usually displayed on the court website or telephone directory listing, but you do not necessarily need to write the exact title. Use the following guide to determine how to write the title for U.S. judges:\\nChief Justice: the head of a state supreme court\\nJustice: other members of a state supreme court\\nChief Judge: the head of any other court\\nJudge: any other judge of any other court, regardless of title\\nSkip this step if writing to the federal Supreme Court. The title is included already in the first line.\\n2-4. Add the name of the court to the second line.\\nHere are some examples of how to format the names of various U.S. courts, along with the judge's title:\\nJudge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit\\nChief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas\\nJudge of the Superior Court of Alameda County\\nJustice of the Louisiana Supreme Court\\n2-5. Finish with the postal address of the court.\\nUse the postal address of the court, formatted as usual with the street address on one line, and the city and zip code on a line below it. Here's an example of the final address:\\nThe Honorable John M. PoolJudge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit1500 Oak St.San Francisco, CA 45095\\n3. Making Sure You Can Write a Letter to the Judge\\n3-1. Do not write an ex parte communication.\\nIf you are a plaintiff or defendant in a case, you should not send a letter to the judge who is handling your case. That letter would be an ex parte communication, which is prohibited. Judges cannot engage in ex parte communications because they need to decide a case fairly based only on the arguments and evidence presented in court.\\n\\\"Ex parte\\\" means \\\"on one side only; by or for one party.”\\n3-2. File a written motion with the clerk of court.\\nIn addition to filing with the clerk of court, you will also have to serve the motion to all of the parties in the case. In your motion you will explain to the court what relief you want. Explain what relief you seek and why you are entitled to that relief.\\n\\\"Relief\\\" means what you are asking the court to do.\\n3-3. Understand that the opposing side will receive the enclosed information.\\nIf you send a letter or other document directly to the judge, the judge or court staff must notify all parties (or their attorneys) about your communication, so the other parties can respond to it.\\n3-4. Respect the outcome.\\nThe judge has the discretion to deny your request without a hearing.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You can address most judges at the start of a letter as \\\"Dear Judge\\\" (or \\\"Dear Justice\\\" if they serve in a U.S. state or federal Supreme Court, or in certain courts of other countries). When addressing the envelope, it is best to use the judge's full title, along with the full name of the court in which he/she serves. If you do not know a judge's title, you can often find it by searching for the judge's name online.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing a Letter to a Judge\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the date and the judge's address in the top left.\", \"描述\": \"Use left aligned text to write today's date, followed by the judge's full address. If you are not sure how to format this, see the section on addressing the judge on the envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write your own address beneath this.\", \"描述\": \"Add your own, full address, beginning two lines beneath the judge's. Include your name, street address, city, and zip code.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write \\\"Dear Judge (surname),\\\" to begin the letter.\", \"描述\": \"For almost all judges, write \\\"Dear Judge\\\" followed by the judge's last name to begin the letter. Write this on its own line, followed by a comma.\\nAddress justices of the UK Supreme Court as \\\"Dear (Lord/Lady) (surname)\\\" instead.\\nIf writing to a U.S. state or federal Supreme Court, use “Dear Justice” instead.\\nIf a judge's title is \\\"Chief Judge\\\" or \\\"Chief Justice,\\\" you may use that title instead. \\\"Judge\\\" or \\\"Justice\\\" is also acceptable.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use the language in which you write best.\", \"描述\": \"Many judges have access to professional interpreters, so do not feel you have to write the letter in English. If the language you prefer is rare in your area, however, you may wish to find a native English speaker to help you write a letter.\\nFor example, if you are a Spanish speaker living in the United States, it is likely that a judge can find someone to translate your letter. On the other hand, if you speak Romanian in the United States, the judge would probably have a harder time finding an interpreter.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Refer to the name of the case (if relevant).\", \"描述\": \"Each criminal case has a specific name and number. If you are writing to a judge about a specific case, refer to it by this name and number in the first sentence of your letter. If you do not know the name of the case, write \\\"I am writing to you concerning the case with defendant (name of defendant).\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make the purpose of your letter clear.\", \"描述\": \"Start out the letter by describing your purpose for writing. This should be in the first paragraph, and preferably in the first sentence.\\nFor example, begin the letter \\\"I am writing to you about the defendant Josiah Smith, my brother. I am asking you to lower his bail, so he can afford to hire an attorney.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Keep the letter short and simple.\", \"描述\": \"Ideally, the letter should be no longer than one page. Write in your own words, except when writing a formal letter on behalf of an organization. Take the time to check spelling and grammar mistakes, or ask someone to help you with this. The judge will take your letter more seriously.\\nYou do not need to try to sound like a lawyer or businessman if it makes you uncomfortable. Judges are used to accepting correspondence from all types of people.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Don't include new evidence for a case.\", \"描述\": \"If you believe that you have new evidence for a civil or criminal case, you should hand it over to the parties or attorneys in the case, not to the judge. Due to ethical guidelines, the judge will have to share the evidence with all parties in the case regardless.\\nIf someone other than a party or attorney in the case brings evidence before the judge, the judge will most likely turn that evidence over to the police or another agency to decide what to do with it.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Close the letter with “Respectfully.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"The proper way to close a letter to a judge is \\\"Respectfully,\\\" followed by your full name on the line beneath. You may write \\\"Respectfully yours,\\\" or \\\"Respectfully submitted,\\\" if you prefer.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Judge on the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start the address on the envelope with \\\"The Honorable (full name).\\\"\", \"描述\": \"For example, on the envelope addressed to Judge John Matthew Pool, write \\\"The Honorable John M. Pool.\\\" You will need to include a second line with the judge's title, so do not write the court address yet.\\nIn the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations, judges are often addressed on envelopes as \\\"(His/Her) Hon Judge (surname)\\\" or \\\"(His/Her) Hon (Mr/Mrs) Judge (surname)\\\" instead.\\nIf the judge is a United States Supreme Court justice, instead write \\\"Justice (surname).\\\" If addressing the chief justice of that court, currently John Roberts, write \\\"The Chief Justice of the United States\\\" without a name.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look up the judge's title and court.\", \"描述\": \"If you do not have this information already, search for \\\"judge (name)\\\" online. You can also search for the name of the courthouse online to find its website. Some local telephone books may have a government section with the title and address of local judges or a phone number you can call to learn the address.\\nYou can look up the court of employment for U.S. federal (not state) judges by name on the Federal Judicial Center website.\\nIf the court address is not available online, call or visit a law school library and ask the librarian for assistance.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write the judge's title on the second line.\", \"描述\": \"The judge's title is usually displayed on the court website or telephone directory listing, but you do not necessarily need to write the exact title. Use the following guide to determine how to write the title for U.S. judges:\\nChief Justice: the head of a state supreme court\\nJustice: other members of a state supreme court\\nChief Judge: the head of any other court\\nJudge: any other judge of any other court, regardless of title\\nSkip this step if writing to the federal Supreme Court. The title is included already in the first line.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add the name of the court to the second line.\", \"描述\": \"Here are some examples of how to format the names of various U.S. courts, along with the judge's title:\\nJudge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit\\nChief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas\\nJudge of the Superior Court of Alameda County\\nJustice of the Louisiana Supreme Court\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Finish with the postal address of the court.\", \"描述\": \"Use the postal address of the court, formatted as usual with the street address on one line, and the city and zip code on a line below it. Here's an example of the final address:\\nThe Honorable John M. PoolJudge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit1500 Oak St.San Francisco, CA 45095\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Making Sure You Can Write a Letter to the Judge\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do not write an ex parte communication.\", \"描述\": \"If you are a plaintiff or defendant in a case, you should not send a letter to the judge who is handling your case. That letter would be an ex parte communication, which is prohibited. Judges cannot engage in ex parte communications because they need to decide a case fairly based only on the arguments and evidence presented in court.\\n\\\"Ex parte\\\" means \\\"on one side only; by or for one party.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"File a written motion with the clerk of court.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to filing with the clerk of court, you will also have to serve the motion to all of the parties in the case. In your motion you will explain to the court what relief you want. Explain what relief you seek and why you are entitled to that relief.\\n\\\"Relief\\\" means what you are asking the court to do.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand that the opposing side will receive the enclosed information.\", \"描述\": \"If you send a letter or other document directly to the judge, the judge or court staff must notify all parties (or their attorneys) about your communication, so the other parties can respond to it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Respect the outcome.\", \"描述\": \"The judge has the discretion to deny your request without a hearing.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,266 | How to Address a Letter to a Priest | 1. Writing to a Priest
1-1. Address a letter to a secular priest.
On the envelope write: The Reverend Father first name, middle initial, last name or The Reverend first name, middle initial, last name. Don't forget the word The. Example: "The Reverend Father John W. Butler."
The salutation should be Dear Father. To be even more polite, refer to a priest as His Reverence. If it's a very formal letter, say, "The Reverend Father last name as the salutation or Dear Reverend Father."
If you know the priest well, it's either "Dear Father or Dear Father last name."Conclude the letter: "Respectfully yours in Christ, your name."You could also end the letter: "Respectfully yours in Christ, your name."
1-2. Address a letter to a religious order priest.
On the envelope, write, "Rev. first name, middle initial, and last name," adding letters designating his Order.
The key difference here is to add the initials of the religious order community, as in,"The Reverend first name last name, O.F.M. or The Reverend Father first name last name, O.F.M." Example: "The Reverend Father Leo F. McKenzie, S.J." In the example, SJ refers to (The Society of Jesus).
The salutation should say: "Dear Father." Conclude the letter: "Respectfully yours in Christ, your name."
2. Addressing the Other Catholic Leaders
2-1. Write to the Pope.
Address the envelope appropriately; the Pope is the highest leader in the Catholic hierarchy. Address the envelope to "His Holiness Pope Francis." It's also acceptable to address the letter to "The Sovereign Pontiff, His Holiness Pope Francis."
The letter's salutation should say "Most Holy Father" or "Your Holiness." In personal speech instead of writing, you would address the Pope as Your Holiness. The Pope's address is: Apostolic Palace, 00120 Vatican City.
Conclude the letter appropriately. Catholics would write: "I have the honor to profess myself with the most profound respect, your Holiness' most obedient and humble servant."
If you are not Catholic, it is appropriate to instead conclude the letter: "With every good wish to Your Excellency, I am, Sincerely yours, your name." Or: "With every best wish. Sincerely yours, your name." Another acceptable way to end the letter is "I am, Your Holiness, most respectfully yours in Christ."
2-2. Write to a Cardinal.
Address the envelope of your letter to "His Eminence (Christian name) Cardinal (Surname)."
Use the salutation of Your Eminence. Cardinals are second in the Catholic hierarchy after the Pope. In personal speech, also refer to a cardinal as Your Eminence.
If you are Catholic, conclude the letter: "Asking the blessing of Your Eminence, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ, your name."
2-3. Address an Archbishop.
Address the envelope: "His Grace, The Most Reverend Archbishop first name, middle initial," and last name, of the city where the archbishop is assigned.
The salutation should be Your Excellency. In personal speech, refer to an Archbishop as Your Excellency.
Conclude the letter: "Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ, your name." You could also end the letter: "Respectfully yours in Christ, your name."
2-4. Address a bishop.
Write on the envelope, by way of example: "His Excellency, The Right Reverend William A. Scully, D.D. Bishop of Baltimore." Or: "His Excellency, The Right Reverend Bishop William Scully of Baltimore."
The salutation should say Your Excellency.
Conclude the letter: "Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully, your name." An alternative ending is: "Respectfully yours in Christ, your name."
2-5. Address a brother or sister.
To write a brother, say "Brother first name, middle initial, last name," adding initials designating his order.
The salutation should say "Dear Brother last name." Conclude the letter by saying, "Respectfully yours in Christ, your first and last name."
To write a Sister, say, "Sister first name, middle initial, and last name" on the envelope. The salutation should say "Dear Sister last name." Conclude the letter: "Respectfully yours in Christ, your first and last name."
2-6. Address an abbot.
You should write an abbot this way: "Right Reverend first name, last name," adding letters designating his Order as in Abbot of the place.
The salutation is Right Reverend Abbot.
Conclude the letter: "Yours respectfully in Christ, your name."
3. Using Proper Etiquette around Priests
3-1. Follow general letter writing etiquette.
If it's a formal letter, write it on letterhead. You could make your own, by putting your name and contact information in the center of the page.
Don't indent your paragraphs. Leave an extra line between each paragraphs. You could also align your name and contact information on the top left of the letter.
Use nice stock paper and matching envelope. Make sure to include your name and return address on the envelope.
3-2. Stay formal when addressing a priest.
It's not acceptable to call a priest by his first name, say Father Bob. Instead, you should address a priest as Father Smith or simply Father.
In the old days, a priest would be called Your Reverence. You can still do this if you want to be very respectful and traditional.
Of course, if a priest requests that you call him Father Bob, that's his right. However, it's considered disrespectful in some circles.
3-3. Use other proper protocol around priests.
Stand when a priest enters the room. You should stay standing until the priest suggests that you sit.
If you're a man, remove your hat in the priest's presence. Kiss the priest's hand. This is designed to honor the fact priests consecrate the Holy Eucharist.
Show similar respect when you are leaving the presence of a priest.
Tips
Select white paper and black ink when writing a Catholic priest.
Many English dictionaries include a style section that tells how to address priests of various ranks in the Eastern Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Episcopalian Churches.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:44:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Writing to a Priest\\n1-1. Address a letter to a secular priest.\\nOn the envelope write: The Reverend Father first name, middle initial, last name or The Reverend first name, middle initial, last name. Don't forget the word The. Example: \\\"The Reverend Father John W. Butler.\\\"\\nThe salutation should be Dear Father. To be even more polite, refer to a priest as His Reverence. If it's a very formal letter, say, \\\"The Reverend Father last name as the salutation or Dear Reverend Father.\\\"\\nIf you know the priest well, it's either \\\"Dear Father or Dear Father last name.\\\"Conclude the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"You could also end the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"\\n1-2. Address a letter to a religious order priest.\\nOn the envelope, write, \\\"Rev. first name, middle initial, and last name,\\\" adding letters designating his Order.\\nThe key difference here is to add the initials of the religious order community, as in,\\\"The Reverend first name last name, O.F.M. or The Reverend Father first name last name, O.F.M.\\\" Example: \\\"The Reverend Father Leo F. McKenzie, S.J.\\\" In the example, SJ refers to (The Society of Jesus).\\nThe salutation should say: \\\"Dear Father.\\\" Conclude the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"\\n2. Addressing the Other Catholic Leaders\\n2-1. Write to the Pope.\\nAddress the envelope appropriately; the Pope is the highest leader in the Catholic hierarchy. Address the envelope to \\\"His Holiness Pope Francis.\\\" It's also acceptable to address the letter to \\\"The Sovereign Pontiff, His Holiness Pope Francis.\\\"\\nThe letter's salutation should say \\\"Most Holy Father\\\" or \\\"Your Holiness.\\\" In personal speech instead of writing, you would address the Pope as Your Holiness. The Pope's address is: Apostolic Palace, 00120 Vatican City.\\nConclude the letter appropriately. Catholics would write: \\\"I have the honor to profess myself with the most profound respect, your Holiness' most obedient and humble servant.\\\"\\nIf you are not Catholic, it is appropriate to instead conclude the letter: \\\"With every good wish to Your Excellency, I am, Sincerely yours, your name.\\\" Or: \\\"With every best wish. Sincerely yours, your name.\\\" Another acceptable way to end the letter is \\\"I am, Your Holiness, most respectfully yours in Christ.\\\"\\n2-2. Write to a Cardinal.\\nAddress the envelope of your letter to \\\"His Eminence (Christian name) Cardinal (Surname).\\\"\\nUse the salutation of Your Eminence. Cardinals are second in the Catholic hierarchy after the Pope. In personal speech, also refer to a cardinal as Your Eminence.\\nIf you are Catholic, conclude the letter: \\\"Asking the blessing of Your Eminence, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ, your name.\\\"\\n2-3. Address an Archbishop.\\nAddress the envelope: \\\"His Grace, The Most Reverend Archbishop first name, middle initial,\\\" and last name, of the city where the archbishop is assigned.\\nThe salutation should be Your Excellency. In personal speech, refer to an Archbishop as Your Excellency.\\nConclude the letter: \\\"Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ, your name.\\\" You could also end the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"\\n2-4. Address a bishop.\\nWrite on the envelope, by way of example: \\\"His Excellency, The Right Reverend William A. Scully, D.D. Bishop of Baltimore.\\\" Or: \\\"His Excellency, The Right Reverend Bishop William Scully of Baltimore.\\\"\\nThe salutation should say Your Excellency.\\nConclude the letter: \\\"Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully, your name.\\\" An alternative ending is: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"\\n2-5. Address a brother or sister.\\nTo write a brother, say \\\"Brother first name, middle initial, last name,\\\" adding initials designating his order.\\nThe salutation should say \\\"Dear Brother last name.\\\" Conclude the letter by saying, \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your first and last name.\\\"\\nTo write a Sister, say, \\\"Sister first name, middle initial, and last name\\\" on the envelope. The salutation should say \\\"Dear Sister last name.\\\" Conclude the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your first and last name.\\\"\\n2-6. Address an abbot.\\nYou should write an abbot this way: \\\"Right Reverend first name, last name,\\\" adding letters designating his Order as in Abbot of the place.\\nThe salutation is Right Reverend Abbot.\\nConclude the letter: \\\"Yours respectfully in Christ, your name.\\\"\\n3. Using Proper Etiquette around Priests\\n3-1. Follow general letter writing etiquette.\\nIf it's a formal letter, write it on letterhead. You could make your own, by putting your name and contact information in the center of the page.\\nDon't indent your paragraphs. Leave an extra line between each paragraphs. You could also align your name and contact information on the top left of the letter.\\nUse nice stock paper and matching envelope. Make sure to include your name and return address on the envelope.\\n3-2. Stay formal when addressing a priest.\\nIt's not acceptable to call a priest by his first name, say Father Bob. Instead, you should address a priest as Father Smith or simply Father.\\nIn the old days, a priest would be called Your Reverence. You can still do this if you want to be very respectful and traditional.\\nOf course, if a priest requests that you call him Father Bob, that's his right. However, it's considered disrespectful in some circles.\\n3-3. Use other proper protocol around priests.\\nStand when a priest enters the room. You should stay standing until the priest suggests that you sit.\\nIf you're a man, remove your hat in the priest's presence. Kiss the priest's hand. This is designed to honor the fact priests consecrate the Holy Eucharist.\\nShow similar respect when you are leaving the presence of a priest.\\nTips\\nSelect white paper and black ink when writing a Catholic priest.\\nMany English dictionaries include a style section that tells how to address priests of various ranks in the Eastern Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Episcopalian Churches.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Knowing how to address a letter to a priest of the Roman Catholic Church can seem complicated, but it's important that you follow proper protocol if you want to seem respectful. Don't worry, though, you only need to determine the priest's ranking to address the letter correctly.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing to a Priest\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address a letter to a secular priest.\", \"描述\": \"On the envelope write: The Reverend Father first name, middle initial, last name or The Reverend first name, middle initial, last name. Don't forget the word The. Example: \\\"The Reverend Father John W. Butler.\\\"\\nThe salutation should be Dear Father. To be even more polite, refer to a priest as His Reverence. If it's a very formal letter, say, \\\"The Reverend Father last name as the salutation or Dear Reverend Father.\\\"\\nIf you know the priest well, it's either \\\"Dear Father or Dear Father last name.\\\"Conclude the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"You could also end the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address a letter to a religious order priest.\", \"描述\": \"On the envelope, write, \\\"Rev. first name, middle initial, and last name,\\\" adding letters designating his Order.\\nThe key difference here is to add the initials of the religious order community, as in,\\\"The Reverend first name last name, O.F.M. or The Reverend Father first name last name, O.F.M.\\\" Example: \\\"The Reverend Father Leo F. McKenzie, S.J.\\\" In the example, SJ refers to (The Society of Jesus).\\nThe salutation should say: \\\"Dear Father.\\\" Conclude the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Other Catholic Leaders\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write to the Pope.\", \"描述\": \"Address the envelope appropriately; the Pope is the highest leader in the Catholic hierarchy. Address the envelope to \\\"His Holiness Pope Francis.\\\" It's also acceptable to address the letter to \\\"The Sovereign Pontiff, His Holiness Pope Francis.\\\"\\nThe letter's salutation should say \\\"Most Holy Father\\\" or \\\"Your Holiness.\\\" In personal speech instead of writing, you would address the Pope as Your Holiness. The Pope's address is: Apostolic Palace, 00120 Vatican City.\\nConclude the letter appropriately. Catholics would write: \\\"I have the honor to profess myself with the most profound respect, your Holiness' most obedient and humble servant.\\\"\\nIf you are not Catholic, it is appropriate to instead conclude the letter: \\\"With every good wish to Your Excellency, I am, Sincerely yours, your name.\\\" Or: \\\"With every best wish. Sincerely yours, your name.\\\" Another acceptable way to end the letter is \\\"I am, Your Holiness, most respectfully yours in Christ.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write to a Cardinal.\", \"描述\": \"Address the envelope of your letter to \\\"His Eminence (Christian name) Cardinal (Surname).\\\"\\nUse the salutation of Your Eminence. Cardinals are second in the Catholic hierarchy after the Pope. In personal speech, also refer to a cardinal as Your Eminence.\\nIf you are Catholic, conclude the letter: \\\"Asking the blessing of Your Eminence, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ, your name.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address an Archbishop.\", \"描述\": \"Address the envelope: \\\"His Grace, The Most Reverend Archbishop first name, middle initial,\\\" and last name, of the city where the archbishop is assigned.\\nThe salutation should be Your Excellency. In personal speech, refer to an Archbishop as Your Excellency.\\nConclude the letter: \\\"Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ, your name.\\\" You could also end the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address a bishop.\", \"描述\": \"Write on the envelope, by way of example: \\\"His Excellency, The Right Reverend William A. Scully, D.D. Bishop of Baltimore.\\\" Or: \\\"His Excellency, The Right Reverend Bishop William Scully of Baltimore.\\\"\\nThe salutation should say Your Excellency.\\nConclude the letter: \\\"Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully, your name.\\\" An alternative ending is: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your name.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Address a brother or sister.\", \"描述\": \"To write a brother, say \\\"Brother first name, middle initial, last name,\\\" adding initials designating his order.\\nThe salutation should say \\\"Dear Brother last name.\\\" Conclude the letter by saying, \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your first and last name.\\\"\\nTo write a Sister, say, \\\"Sister first name, middle initial, and last name\\\" on the envelope. The salutation should say \\\"Dear Sister last name.\\\" Conclude the letter: \\\"Respectfully yours in Christ, your first and last name.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Address an abbot.\", \"描述\": \"You should write an abbot this way: \\\"Right Reverend first name, last name,\\\" adding letters designating his Order as in Abbot of the place.\\nThe salutation is Right Reverend Abbot.\\nConclude the letter: \\\"Yours respectfully in Christ, your name.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Proper Etiquette around Priests\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow general letter writing etiquette.\", \"描述\": \"If it's a formal letter, write it on letterhead. You could make your own, by putting your name and contact information in the center of the page.\\nDon't indent your paragraphs. Leave an extra line between each paragraphs. You could also align your name and contact information on the top left of the letter.\\nUse nice stock paper and matching envelope. Make sure to include your name and return address on the envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay formal when addressing a priest.\", \"描述\": \"It's not acceptable to call a priest by his first name, say Father Bob. Instead, you should address a priest as Father Smith or simply Father.\\nIn the old days, a priest would be called Your Reverence. You can still do this if you want to be very respectful and traditional.\\nOf course, if a priest requests that you call him Father Bob, that's his right. However, it's considered disrespectful in some circles.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use other proper protocol around priests.\", \"描述\": \"Stand when a priest enters the room. You should stay standing until the priest suggests that you sit.\\nIf you're a man, remove your hat in the priest's presence. Kiss the priest's hand. This is designed to honor the fact priests consecrate the Holy Eucharist.\\nShow similar respect when you are leaving the presence of a priest.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Select white paper and black ink when writing a Catholic priest.\\n\", \"Many English dictionaries include a style section that tells how to address priests of various ranks in the Eastern Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Episcopalian Churches.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,267 | How to Address a Letter to an Embassy | 1. Formatting Your Letter
1-1. Type your letter on a computer.
Handwritten letters are hard to read, and may not get any response. If you want your letter to be read and taken seriously, it's important to type it neatly using a recognized business letter format.
Use a standard word-processing application, even if you plan to deliver the letter using email. It typically is better to send an attachment than to write your letter in the body of an email. However, you should probably check with the embassy first to see what is preferred.
Most word-processing applications have a template that you can use to create a business letter. These templates typically will set your margins and paragraph styles for you.
Use a standard, readable font such as Times New Roman or Helvetica, in a 12-point size. Do not use script fonts.
1-2. Search for templates.
In most cases, you'll be writing to the embassy regarding an immigration issue – either on your own behalf or for a friend or family member. There are a number of immigration assistance websites that have letter templates for various issues.
These templates give you suggested language to use so you can more easily write and address your letter. Don't copy them verbatim, though. Read them carefully and make sure the suggested language suits your situation. If any of it doesn't apply, don't include it.
Look into the background of the website before you use their suggested language. Most of these websites have an "about" page where you can find out who is in charge of the website. Make sure it's an individual or organization you can trust.
1-3. Use block paragraphs.
Traditional business letters are written in single-spaced, left-justified paragraphs with a double space between paragraphs. Using a double-space means you don't have to indent the first line of each paragraph.
If you're writing in a language that is read from right to left, such as Arabic or Hebrew, your paragraphs would be right-justified.
1-4. Put the date at the top.
The first line that you type will be the date that you are sending the letter. Your word-processing program may automatically insert the date if you're using a template. If you don't plan on mailing your letter for a few days, you'll need to adjust this date to reflect the date of mailing.
Generally, you shouldn't worry if you end up being a day off. For example, you could finish your letter intending to mail it that day, but not make it to the post office until after the close of business. That would mean you'd have to mail your letter the next day, but you wouldn't have to print up a new letter with the different date.
However, while delaying a day or two is fine, if you end up not being able to mail the letter for a week or longer, you probably want to print a fresh copy with an adjusted date. Your reader will expect the date on the letter to be identical or close to the date of the postmark.
1-5. Find the appropriate address.
The top of your letter will include an area for you to write your own name and address, then the name and address of the person to whom you're writing. Call the embassy or check its website to learn the address to which you should mail your letter.
Keep in mind that many larger embassies will have different addresses for you to use depending on the reason for your letter.
If you don't already know, you'll also need to find out the correct person to address who can help you with your issue. Internet sites, such as Project Visa or Embassy World, as well as Internet searches for the country and the word "embassy" can help you identify the right person. You also can call the embassy directly to identify the best contact.
Type the name of the person you are addressing, the name of the embassy and the address of the embassy to which you are writing. Write this in the same format as you would write it on an envelope for mailing.
For example, if you're writing to an embassy staff member at the Canadian embassy, you would write "Mr. Potter, Canadian Embassy" on the first line of the address block, followed by the physical address. If Mr. Potter is the ambassador, you would write "The Honorable Mr. Potter, Ambassador of Canada, Canadian Embassy." Note that for many countries the correct title for an ambassador is "Excellency," as in "His Excellency Mr. Potter, Ambassador of Canada, Canadian Embassy."
1-6. Write a subject line.
Following the addresses, include a line that lets the recipient of your letter know why you are writing and what the letter is about. You don't have to include your name in the subject line, and it doesn't have to be a full sentence.
For example, you might write "Request for tourist visa for parents" or "Invitation to French Consulate party."
If you're writing in English, the subject line typically is preceded by the letters "RE," a Latin abbreviation that essentially means "regarding."
Your subject line enables the person who receives your letter to direct it to the right member of embassy staff, in the event that you've sent it to the wrong person. With a subject line, they can do this quickly without having to read the whole letter. For this reason, a subject line is particularly important if you haven't been able to identify a specific person.
2. Writing Your Letter
2-1. Research the etiquette used in the country to which you are writing.
Different countries have their own formalities and diplomatic protocol for addressing ambassadors and other members of embassy staff.
You may be able to find this information on the embassy's website, or by doing a quick internet search using the country's name with words such as "etiquette," "diplomatic protocol" or "forms of address."
Keep in mind that in countries that have a monarchy and recognize nobility, there may be nobles who serve as ambassadors or in other embassy positions. These titles may supersede any general title for members of embassy staff.
Your letter should be written in a formal tone, using the utmost in politeness and courtesy. If you're writing in a language that has a formal "you," such as French or Spanish, you should use that.
Pay careful attention when writing to the ambassador specifically, as the title differs depending on whether you are a citizen of the country for which the individual is serving as an ambassador. If you are a citizen of the same country as the ambassador, you may address them as "The Honorable." However, if you are a citizen of a different country, you typically must call them "Her [or His] Excellency," following diplomatic custom. Make sure you have the correct gender – don't just assume based on the name.
2-2. Start with your greeting.
After you've finished the address blocks and subject line of your letter, you're ready to begin the letter itself. Use a formal greeting and address the person to whom you're writing by their full title.
To address the person correctly, you'll need to follow the correct etiquette or diplomatic protocol based on your research.
If you're addressing the consul general or any other embassy employee, you'll generally use their full name. For example, you might write "Dear Mr. Potter." However, pay attention to any other titles the person might have, such as if they are a member of the nobility or have a doctorate.
Use "Dear Honorable Ambassador" if you are addressing the ambassador directly.
If you don't know the name or gender of the person to whom you're writing, you can begin your letter "Dear Sir or Madam." However, you should make every effort to address your letter to a specific person. If you get the wrong person, it can always be rerouted.
Follow the greeting with the punctuation customary in the embassy's country. In some, a comma is appropriate, while others follow the greeting with a colon.
2-3. Introduce yourself.
Double-space after your greeting and begin your letter by letting the receiver know who you are. Include any identification information necessary, such as any application numbers or reference numbers that are related to the subject of your letter.
The first sentence should state your name and your country of citizenship. Follow that with any additional identification information that is relevant to your reason for writing.
Follow the first sentence with a brief description of your reason for writing. This should be no longer than a sentence or two.
2-4. Explain your reason for writing.
In the remaining paragraphs of your letter, you will elaborate on the background of your case, including any information the recipient will need to properly respond to your letter.
The length of your letter, and the contents of the remaining paragraphs, will depend on your reason for writing. If you need to give an extended background or timeline of a situation to which you want the ambassador or another embassy official to respond, this may be lengthy.
If you're writing for a procedural reason, such as to request a visitor visa, your letter typically shouldn't be more than three paragraphs long, and shouldn't go for more than a page or two at most.
Keep your writing clear and concise, and use formal language throughout. If you address the person to whom you're writing anywhere in the body of your letter, use their official title and follow any other rules of etiquette you gleaned from your research.
2-5. Add your closing.
The final paragraph of your letter typically is only a sentence or two that tells the recipient what action you want them to take in response to your letter. If you expect a response within a certain time frame, it should be mentioned here.
If you need something specific from the person, state what that is and the timeframe within which you need it. Remember to allow for time for mailing.
Be careful giving a deadline, particularly if you're writing to the ambassador or a higher-ranking staff member. Instead of making a demand, say something like "Please be advised that I must have the document I requested within one month or I'll not be able to complete my application," or "Please respond by the end of this month so I can meet my deadline."
Follow that with a sentence thanking the recipient for their time and attention. For example, you might write "I appreciate that you have many demands on your time. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter."
If you are unsure whether you sent your letter to the correct person, you may want to include a note to that effect. For example, you might write "If there is someone else at the embassy better capable of handling my issue, I ask that you kindly forward this letter to them."
3. Sending Your Letter
3-1. Finalize your letter.
When you've finished writing your letter, proofread it carefully and correct any typographical errors and mistakes in grammar or punctuation. You may want to read your letter out loud to make sure it reads easily.
End your letter with a closing greeting such as "Sincerely yours," and leave a few blank lines for your signature. Below that, type your name and address, along with any other identification or contact information you think is necessary, such as your phone number or email address.
If you're including any other documents with your letter, list them at the bottom of your letter so the reader knows what attachments to expect. You also can use this list as a checklist for yourself to make sure you've included everything necessary.
Print your final letter and sign it using a pen with blue or black ink. Check the date on your letter before you send it and make sure you don't need to adjust it forward.
When you've signed your letter, make a copy of the signed letter for your own records.
3-2. Gather any attachments.
If there are any additional documents that you need to include with your letter, make copies of them. Find out if you are expected to send originals or if copies will suffice. If you must send originals, make a copy for your own records before you send the document.
If you're sending original documents, it's generally best to use a larger manilla envelope that will allow you to mail them without folding them.
For copies, use a standard letter-sized envelope unless you have more than three or four sheets, in which case it's generally better to use a larger manilla envelope and leave them flat rather than folding them.
Mark each copy or document carefully in case they get separated from each other.
3-3. Mail
Once you have everything in an envelope, you'll need to make a trip to the post office to ensure you have correct postage on the letter and have formatted the address correctly, particularly if you are mailing it to a foreign country.
Include your name and the return address on the envelope. This will be written either on the back of the envelope or on the upper-right-hand corner, depending on the country's custom.
The name and address of your recipient should be written in the middle or lower-right portion of the envelope, again depending on the country's custom. Use the recipient's formal title if applicable.
You may want to wait until you get to the post office to address your envelope, or research formatting ahead of time.
If you're handwriting the addresses on the envelope, use a ballpoint pen so the ink won't smear, and print carefully or write in all caps. Don't write in cursive or script on the envelope, as it is difficult to read.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Formatting Your Letter\\n1-1. Type your letter on a computer.\\nHandwritten letters are hard to read, and may not get any response. If you want your letter to be read and taken seriously, it's important to type it neatly using a recognized business letter format. \\nUse a standard word-processing application, even if you plan to deliver the letter using email. It typically is better to send an attachment than to write your letter in the body of an email. However, you should probably check with the embassy first to see what is preferred.\\nMost word-processing applications have a template that you can use to create a business letter. These templates typically will set your margins and paragraph styles for you.\\nUse a standard, readable font such as Times New Roman or Helvetica, in a 12-point size. Do not use script fonts.\\n1-2. Search for templates.\\nIn most cases, you'll be writing to the embassy regarding an immigration issue – either on your own behalf or for a friend or family member. There are a number of immigration assistance websites that have letter templates for various issues.\\nThese templates give you suggested language to use so you can more easily write and address your letter. Don't copy them verbatim, though. Read them carefully and make sure the suggested language suits your situation. If any of it doesn't apply, don't include it.\\nLook into the background of the website before you use their suggested language. Most of these websites have an \\\"about\\\" page where you can find out who is in charge of the website. Make sure it's an individual or organization you can trust.\\n1-3. Use block paragraphs.\\nTraditional business letters are written in single-spaced, left-justified paragraphs with a double space between paragraphs. Using a double-space means you don't have to indent the first line of each paragraph.\\nIf you're writing in a language that is read from right to left, such as Arabic or Hebrew, your paragraphs would be right-justified.\\n1-4. Put the date at the top.\\nThe first line that you type will be the date that you are sending the letter. Your word-processing program may automatically insert the date if you're using a template. If you don't plan on mailing your letter for a few days, you'll need to adjust this date to reflect the date of mailing. \\nGenerally, you shouldn't worry if you end up being a day off. For example, you could finish your letter intending to mail it that day, but not make it to the post office until after the close of business. That would mean you'd have to mail your letter the next day, but you wouldn't have to print up a new letter with the different date.\\nHowever, while delaying a day or two is fine, if you end up not being able to mail the letter for a week or longer, you probably want to print a fresh copy with an adjusted date. Your reader will expect the date on the letter to be identical or close to the date of the postmark.\\n1-5. Find the appropriate address.\\nThe top of your letter will include an area for you to write your own name and address, then the name and address of the person to whom you're writing. Call the embassy or check its website to learn the address to which you should mail your letter.\\nKeep in mind that many larger embassies will have different addresses for you to use depending on the reason for your letter.\\nIf you don't already know, you'll also need to find out the correct person to address who can help you with your issue. Internet sites, such as Project Visa or Embassy World, as well as Internet searches for the country and the word \\\"embassy\\\" can help you identify the right person. You also can call the embassy directly to identify the best contact.\\nType the name of the person you are addressing, the name of the embassy and the address of the embassy to which you are writing. Write this in the same format as you would write it on an envelope for mailing.\\nFor example, if you're writing to an embassy staff member at the Canadian embassy, you would write \\\"Mr. Potter, Canadian Embassy\\\" on the first line of the address block, followed by the physical address. If Mr. Potter is the ambassador, you would write \\\"The Honorable Mr. Potter, Ambassador of Canada, Canadian Embassy.\\\" Note that for many countries the correct title for an ambassador is \\\"Excellency,\\\" as in \\\"His Excellency Mr. Potter, Ambassador of Canada, Canadian Embassy.\\\"\\n1-6. Write a subject line.\\nFollowing the addresses, include a line that lets the recipient of your letter know why you are writing and what the letter is about. You don't have to include your name in the subject line, and it doesn't have to be a full sentence.\\nFor example, you might write \\\"Request for tourist visa for parents\\\" or \\\"Invitation to French Consulate party.\\\"\\nIf you're writing in English, the subject line typically is preceded by the letters \\\"RE,\\\" a Latin abbreviation that essentially means \\\"regarding.\\\"\\nYour subject line enables the person who receives your letter to direct it to the right member of embassy staff, in the event that you've sent it to the wrong person. With a subject line, they can do this quickly without having to read the whole letter. For this reason, a subject line is particularly important if you haven't been able to identify a specific person.\\n2. Writing Your Letter\\n2-1. Research the etiquette used in the country to which you are writing.\\nDifferent countries have their own formalities and diplomatic protocol for addressing ambassadors and other members of embassy staff.\\nYou may be able to find this information on the embassy's website, or by doing a quick internet search using the country's name with words such as \\\"etiquette,\\\" \\\"diplomatic protocol\\\" or \\\"forms of address.\\\"\\nKeep in mind that in countries that have a monarchy and recognize nobility, there may be nobles who serve as ambassadors or in other embassy positions. These titles may supersede any general title for members of embassy staff.\\nYour letter should be written in a formal tone, using the utmost in politeness and courtesy. If you're writing in a language that has a formal \\\"you,\\\" such as French or Spanish, you should use that.\\nPay careful attention when writing to the ambassador specifically, as the title differs depending on whether you are a citizen of the country for which the individual is serving as an ambassador. If you are a citizen of the same country as the ambassador, you may address them as \\\"The Honorable.\\\" However, if you are a citizen of a different country, you typically must call them \\\"Her [or His] Excellency,\\\" following diplomatic custom. Make sure you have the correct gender – don't just assume based on the name.\\n2-2. Start with your greeting.\\nAfter you've finished the address blocks and subject line of your letter, you're ready to begin the letter itself. Use a formal greeting and address the person to whom you're writing by their full title.\\nTo address the person correctly, you'll need to follow the correct etiquette or diplomatic protocol based on your research.\\nIf you're addressing the consul general or any other embassy employee, you'll generally use their full name. For example, you might write \\\"Dear Mr. Potter.\\\" However, pay attention to any other titles the person might have, such as if they are a member of the nobility or have a doctorate.\\nUse \\\"Dear Honorable Ambassador\\\" if you are addressing the ambassador directly.\\nIf you don't know the name or gender of the person to whom you're writing, you can begin your letter \\\"Dear Sir or Madam.\\\" However, you should make every effort to address your letter to a specific person. If you get the wrong person, it can always be rerouted.\\nFollow the greeting with the punctuation customary in the embassy's country. In some, a comma is appropriate, while others follow the greeting with a colon.\\n2-3. Introduce yourself.\\nDouble-space after your greeting and begin your letter by letting the receiver know who you are. Include any identification information necessary, such as any application numbers or reference numbers that are related to the subject of your letter.\\nThe first sentence should state your name and your country of citizenship. Follow that with any additional identification information that is relevant to your reason for writing.\\nFollow the first sentence with a brief description of your reason for writing. This should be no longer than a sentence or two.\\n2-4. Explain your reason for writing.\\nIn the remaining paragraphs of your letter, you will elaborate on the background of your case, including any information the recipient will need to properly respond to your letter.\\nThe length of your letter, and the contents of the remaining paragraphs, will depend on your reason for writing. If you need to give an extended background or timeline of a situation to which you want the ambassador or another embassy official to respond, this may be lengthy.\\nIf you're writing for a procedural reason, such as to request a visitor visa, your letter typically shouldn't be more than three paragraphs long, and shouldn't go for more than a page or two at most.\\nKeep your writing clear and concise, and use formal language throughout. If you address the person to whom you're writing anywhere in the body of your letter, use their official title and follow any other rules of etiquette you gleaned from your research.\\n2-5. Add your closing.\\nThe final paragraph of your letter typically is only a sentence or two that tells the recipient what action you want them to take in response to your letter. If you expect a response within a certain time frame, it should be mentioned here.\\nIf you need something specific from the person, state what that is and the timeframe within which you need it. Remember to allow for time for mailing.\\nBe careful giving a deadline, particularly if you're writing to the ambassador or a higher-ranking staff member. Instead of making a demand, say something like \\\"Please be advised that I must have the document I requested within one month or I'll not be able to complete my application,\\\" or \\\"Please respond by the end of this month so I can meet my deadline.\\\"\\nFollow that with a sentence thanking the recipient for their time and attention. For example, you might write \\\"I appreciate that you have many demands on your time. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.\\\"\\nIf you are unsure whether you sent your letter to the correct person, you may want to include a note to that effect. For example, you might write \\\"If there is someone else at the embassy better capable of handling my issue, I ask that you kindly forward this letter to them.\\\"\\n3. Sending Your Letter\\n3-1. Finalize your letter.\\nWhen you've finished writing your letter, proofread it carefully and correct any typographical errors and mistakes in grammar or punctuation. You may want to read your letter out loud to make sure it reads easily.\\nEnd your letter with a closing greeting such as \\\"Sincerely yours,\\\" and leave a few blank lines for your signature. Below that, type your name and address, along with any other identification or contact information you think is necessary, such as your phone number or email address.\\nIf you're including any other documents with your letter, list them at the bottom of your letter so the reader knows what attachments to expect. You also can use this list as a checklist for yourself to make sure you've included everything necessary.\\nPrint your final letter and sign it using a pen with blue or black ink. Check the date on your letter before you send it and make sure you don't need to adjust it forward.\\nWhen you've signed your letter, make a copy of the signed letter for your own records.\\n3-2. Gather any attachments.\\nIf there are any additional documents that you need to include with your letter, make copies of them. Find out if you are expected to send originals or if copies will suffice. If you must send originals, make a copy for your own records before you send the document. \\nIf you're sending original documents, it's generally best to use a larger manilla envelope that will allow you to mail them without folding them.\\nFor copies, use a standard letter-sized envelope unless you have more than three or four sheets, in which case it's generally better to use a larger manilla envelope and leave them flat rather than folding them.\\nMark each copy or document carefully in case they get separated from each other.\\n3-3. Mail\\nOnce you have everything in an envelope, you'll need to make a trip to the post office to ensure you have correct postage on the letter and have formatted the address correctly, particularly if you are mailing it to a foreign country.\\nInclude your name and the return address on the envelope. This will be written either on the back of the envelope or on the upper-right-hand corner, depending on the country's custom.\\nThe name and address of your recipient should be written in the middle or lower-right portion of the envelope, again depending on the country's custom. Use the recipient's formal title if applicable.\\nYou may want to wait until you get to the post office to address your envelope, or research formatting ahead of time.\\nIf you're handwriting the addresses on the envelope, use a ballpoint pen so the ink won't smear, and print carefully or write in all caps. Don't write in cursive or script on the envelope, as it is difficult to read.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An embassy is the official office of one country's ambassador in another country. The ambassador is the official representative of their country. Both embassies and consulates handle the affairs of one country while in another country. If you wish to address the ambassador or another member of the embassy or consular staff, you must write a formal letter. This letter should include your personal details, requests and reasons for writing, and formal salutations, or you may not get a response. How you address a letter to an embassy depends on the country and particular individual to which you are writing.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Formatting Your Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Type your letter on a computer.\", \"描述\": \"Handwritten letters are hard to read, and may not get any response. If you want your letter to be read and taken seriously, it's important to type it neatly using a recognized business letter format. \\nUse a standard word-processing application, even if you plan to deliver the letter using email. It typically is better to send an attachment than to write your letter in the body of an email. However, you should probably check with the embassy first to see what is preferred.\\nMost word-processing applications have a template that you can use to create a business letter. These templates typically will set your margins and paragraph styles for you.\\nUse a standard, readable font such as Times New Roman or Helvetica, in a 12-point size. Do not use script fonts.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Search for templates.\", \"描述\": \"In most cases, you'll be writing to the embassy regarding an immigration issue – either on your own behalf or for a friend or family member. There are a number of immigration assistance websites that have letter templates for various issues.\\nThese templates give you suggested language to use so you can more easily write and address your letter. Don't copy them verbatim, though. Read them carefully and make sure the suggested language suits your situation. If any of it doesn't apply, don't include it.\\nLook into the background of the website before you use their suggested language. Most of these websites have an \\\"about\\\" page where you can find out who is in charge of the website. Make sure it's an individual or organization you can trust.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use block paragraphs.\", \"描述\": \"Traditional business letters are written in single-spaced, left-justified paragraphs with a double space between paragraphs. Using a double-space means you don't have to indent the first line of each paragraph.\\nIf you're writing in a language that is read from right to left, such as Arabic or Hebrew, your paragraphs would be right-justified.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put the date at the top.\", \"描述\": \"The first line that you type will be the date that you are sending the letter. Your word-processing program may automatically insert the date if you're using a template. If you don't plan on mailing your letter for a few days, you'll need to adjust this date to reflect the date of mailing. \\nGenerally, you shouldn't worry if you end up being a day off. For example, you could finish your letter intending to mail it that day, but not make it to the post office until after the close of business. That would mean you'd have to mail your letter the next day, but you wouldn't have to print up a new letter with the different date.\\nHowever, while delaying a day or two is fine, if you end up not being able to mail the letter for a week or longer, you probably want to print a fresh copy with an adjusted date. Your reader will expect the date on the letter to be identical or close to the date of the postmark.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find the appropriate address.\", \"描述\": \"The top of your letter will include an area for you to write your own name and address, then the name and address of the person to whom you're writing. Call the embassy or check its website to learn the address to which you should mail your letter.\\nKeep in mind that many larger embassies will have different addresses for you to use depending on the reason for your letter.\\nIf you don't already know, you'll also need to find out the correct person to address who can help you with your issue. Internet sites, such as Project Visa or Embassy World, as well as Internet searches for the country and the word \\\"embassy\\\" can help you identify the right person. You also can call the embassy directly to identify the best contact.\\nType the name of the person you are addressing, the name of the embassy and the address of the embassy to which you are writing. Write this in the same format as you would write it on an envelope for mailing.\\nFor example, if you're writing to an embassy staff member at the Canadian embassy, you would write \\\"Mr. Potter, Canadian Embassy\\\" on the first line of the address block, followed by the physical address. If Mr. Potter is the ambassador, you would write \\\"The Honorable Mr. Potter, Ambassador of Canada, Canadian Embassy.\\\" Note that for many countries the correct title for an ambassador is \\\"Excellency,\\\" as in \\\"His Excellency Mr. Potter, Ambassador of Canada, Canadian Embassy.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Write a subject line.\", \"描述\": \"Following the addresses, include a line that lets the recipient of your letter know why you are writing and what the letter is about. You don't have to include your name in the subject line, and it doesn't have to be a full sentence.\\nFor example, you might write \\\"Request for tourist visa for parents\\\" or \\\"Invitation to French Consulate party.\\\"\\nIf you're writing in English, the subject line typically is preceded by the letters \\\"RE,\\\" a Latin abbreviation that essentially means \\\"regarding.\\\"\\nYour subject line enables the person who receives your letter to direct it to the right member of embassy staff, in the event that you've sent it to the wrong person. With a subject line, they can do this quickly without having to read the whole letter. For this reason, a subject line is particularly important if you haven't been able to identify a specific person.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing Your Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research the etiquette used in the country to which you are writing.\", \"描述\": \"Different countries have their own formalities and diplomatic protocol for addressing ambassadors and other members of embassy staff.\\nYou may be able to find this information on the embassy's website, or by doing a quick internet search using the country's name with words such as \\\"etiquette,\\\" \\\"diplomatic protocol\\\" or \\\"forms of address.\\\"\\nKeep in mind that in countries that have a monarchy and recognize nobility, there may be nobles who serve as ambassadors or in other embassy positions. These titles may supersede any general title for members of embassy staff.\\nYour letter should be written in a formal tone, using the utmost in politeness and courtesy. If you're writing in a language that has a formal \\\"you,\\\" such as French or Spanish, you should use that.\\nPay careful attention when writing to the ambassador specifically, as the title differs depending on whether you are a citizen of the country for which the individual is serving as an ambassador. If you are a citizen of the same country as the ambassador, you may address them as \\\"The Honorable.\\\" However, if you are a citizen of a different country, you typically must call them \\\"Her [or His] Excellency,\\\" following diplomatic custom. Make sure you have the correct gender – don't just assume based on the name.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start with your greeting.\", \"描述\": \"After you've finished the address blocks and subject line of your letter, you're ready to begin the letter itself. Use a formal greeting and address the person to whom you're writing by their full title.\\nTo address the person correctly, you'll need to follow the correct etiquette or diplomatic protocol based on your research.\\nIf you're addressing the consul general or any other embassy employee, you'll generally use their full name. For example, you might write \\\"Dear Mr. Potter.\\\" However, pay attention to any other titles the person might have, such as if they are a member of the nobility or have a doctorate.\\nUse \\\"Dear Honorable Ambassador\\\" if you are addressing the ambassador directly.\\nIf you don't know the name or gender of the person to whom you're writing, you can begin your letter \\\"Dear Sir or Madam.\\\" However, you should make every effort to address your letter to a specific person. If you get the wrong person, it can always be rerouted.\\nFollow the greeting with the punctuation customary in the embassy's country. In some, a comma is appropriate, while others follow the greeting with a colon.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Introduce yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Double-space after your greeting and begin your letter by letting the receiver know who you are. Include any identification information necessary, such as any application numbers or reference numbers that are related to the subject of your letter.\\nThe first sentence should state your name and your country of citizenship. Follow that with any additional identification information that is relevant to your reason for writing.\\nFollow the first sentence with a brief description of your reason for writing. This should be no longer than a sentence or two.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Explain your reason for writing.\", \"描述\": \"In the remaining paragraphs of your letter, you will elaborate on the background of your case, including any information the recipient will need to properly respond to your letter.\\nThe length of your letter, and the contents of the remaining paragraphs, will depend on your reason for writing. If you need to give an extended background or timeline of a situation to which you want the ambassador or another embassy official to respond, this may be lengthy.\\nIf you're writing for a procedural reason, such as to request a visitor visa, your letter typically shouldn't be more than three paragraphs long, and shouldn't go for more than a page or two at most.\\nKeep your writing clear and concise, and use formal language throughout. If you address the person to whom you're writing anywhere in the body of your letter, use their official title and follow any other rules of etiquette you gleaned from your research.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add your closing.\", \"描述\": \"The final paragraph of your letter typically is only a sentence or two that tells the recipient what action you want them to take in response to your letter. If you expect a response within a certain time frame, it should be mentioned here.\\nIf you need something specific from the person, state what that is and the timeframe within which you need it. Remember to allow for time for mailing.\\nBe careful giving a deadline, particularly if you're writing to the ambassador or a higher-ranking staff member. Instead of making a demand, say something like \\\"Please be advised that I must have the document I requested within one month or I'll not be able to complete my application,\\\" or \\\"Please respond by the end of this month so I can meet my deadline.\\\"\\nFollow that with a sentence thanking the recipient for their time and attention. For example, you might write \\\"I appreciate that you have many demands on your time. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.\\\"\\nIf you are unsure whether you sent your letter to the correct person, you may want to include a note to that effect. For example, you might write \\\"If there is someone else at the embassy better capable of handling my issue, I ask that you kindly forward this letter to them.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sending Your Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finalize your letter.\", \"描述\": \"When you've finished writing your letter, proofread it carefully and correct any typographical errors and mistakes in grammar or punctuation. You may want to read your letter out loud to make sure it reads easily.\\nEnd your letter with a closing greeting such as \\\"Sincerely yours,\\\" and leave a few blank lines for your signature. Below that, type your name and address, along with any other identification or contact information you think is necessary, such as your phone number or email address.\\nIf you're including any other documents with your letter, list them at the bottom of your letter so the reader knows what attachments to expect. You also can use this list as a checklist for yourself to make sure you've included everything necessary.\\nPrint your final letter and sign it using a pen with blue or black ink. Check the date on your letter before you send it and make sure you don't need to adjust it forward.\\nWhen you've signed your letter, make a copy of the signed letter for your own records.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gather any attachments.\", \"描述\": \"If there are any additional documents that you need to include with your letter, make copies of them. Find out if you are expected to send originals or if copies will suffice. If you must send originals, make a copy for your own records before you send the document. \\nIf you're sending original documents, it's generally best to use a larger manilla envelope that will allow you to mail them without folding them.\\nFor copies, use a standard letter-sized envelope unless you have more than three or four sheets, in which case it's generally better to use a larger manilla envelope and leave them flat rather than folding them.\\nMark each copy or document carefully in case they get separated from each other.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mail\", \"描述\": \"Once you have everything in an envelope, you'll need to make a trip to the post office to ensure you have correct postage on the letter and have formatted the address correctly, particularly if you are mailing it to a foreign country.\\nInclude your name and the return address on the envelope. This will be written either on the back of the envelope or on the upper-right-hand corner, depending on the country's custom.\\nThe name and address of your recipient should be written in the middle or lower-right portion of the envelope, again depending on the country's custom. Use the recipient's formal title if applicable.\\nYou may want to wait until you get to the post office to address your envelope, or research formatting ahead of time.\\nIf you're handwriting the addresses on the envelope, use a ballpoint pen so the ink won't smear, and print carefully or write in all caps. Don't write in cursive or script on the envelope, as it is difficult to read.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,268 | How to Address a Married Gay Couple with the Same Last Name | 1. Using Formal Titles
1-1. Choose Mr. and Mr. for 2 men who are married to each other.
Address each member of a male married gay couple as “Mr.” This is the standard way to address any man, no matter what their sexuality or marital status is.
For example, “Mr. John Graham and Mr. David Graham.”
It’s also perfectly acceptable to just list the last name once, which would look like “Mr. John and Mr. David Graham.”
All the rules for addressing a married gay couple with the same last name apply whether they have chosen to use 1 last name or to use a hyphenated version of both their last names.
1-2. Select Mrs. and Mrs. for 2 women who are married to one another.
Address each member of a female married gay couple as “Mrs.” This is the standard way to address any married woman in English.
For instance, “Mrs. Jane Clint and Mrs. Sarah Clint.”
If you just want to write the last name once, you can write it like “Mrs. Jane and Mrs. Sarah Clint.”
1-3. Utilize Messrs. or Mesdames if you want to use a plural title.
Use “Messrs.” for a male same-gender married couple and use “Mesdames” for a female same-gender married couple. These are technically French plural titles, but are perfectly acceptable to use in English formal addresses.
Messrs. is an abbreviation for messieurs, which is the plural form of monsieur.
You can shorten mesdames to mmes. if you want a shorter plural title for a female couple.
1-4. Replace Mr. or Mrs. with Dr. or Doctor if 1 member of the couple is a doctor.
This is only an option, but it is acceptable to use “Dr.” or “Doctor” for 1 person if that person is actually a doctor. Keep in mind that you don’t have to do this and it is still acceptable to use “Mr.” or “Mrs.”
For example, “Dr. Rob Jones and Mr. Ryan Jones.”
Put Drs. or Doctors at the beginning of the address if both people are doctors. For example, “Doctors Maria Constantine and Laura Constantine.”
If they are lawyers, you can put their name comma Esquire.
If you address close relatives, then the Mr. and Mrs. are not necessarily required.
2. Ordering the Names
2-1. List the person you are inviting first if you are sending an invitation.
This applies mostly to formal invitations like wedding invitations, for which you might primarily be inviting someone you are close with and inviting their partner as a courtesy. Write the name of the person you are primarily writing the invitation to first, followed by the name of their partner.
For instance, if you are inviting your old friend Roger Gonzalez to your wedding and you want to extend the invitation to his partner Alex Gonzalez, write “Mr. Roger Gonzalez and Mr. Alex Gonzalez.”
This could apply anytime you're inviting a married gay person you know to some kind of formal event and you're inviting they're partner as a "plus 1."
2-2. List the names in alphabetical order if you can’t decide who to put first.
This is the default way to list the names of 2 people when the order doesn’t matter to you. Write the name of the person that starts with a letter earlier in the alphabet first, followed by the name of the second member of the couple.
For example, “Mr. Adam Irvine and Mr. Bob Irvine,” or “Mrs. Claire Rockefort and Mrs. Diana Rockefort.”
2-3. Put either person’s name first if you don’t have a preference.
There are no rules set in stone about whose name you have to put first when you’re addressing a gay couple. Choose what you think sounds better or more natural.
Though it doesn’t matter which order you put the names of the people in the couple, try to be consistent. For instance, whoever’s name you write first on something like an invitation should also go first on the address on the envelope.
Tips
If you aren’t sure how to address a same-gender couple that you know, ask them what their preference is. They might not have one, but if they do, they will likely appreciate your inquiry.[9]
X
Research source
If a same-sex couple has chosen not to share the same last name, include both of their last names in any address. For example, “Mr. Robert Stewson and Mr. Greg Johnson.”
Warnings
Never assume that someone in a same-gender couple identifies as you think they would. For example, one member of a gay married couple might identify as more feminine and would thus prefer to be called Mrs. If you aren’t sure, ask!
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Formal Titles\\n1-1. Choose Mr. and Mr. for 2 men who are married to each other.\\nAddress each member of a male married gay couple as “Mr.” This is the standard way to address any man, no matter what their sexuality or marital status is.\\nFor example, “Mr. John Graham and Mr. David Graham.”\\nIt’s also perfectly acceptable to just list the last name once, which would look like “Mr. John and Mr. David Graham.”\\nAll the rules for addressing a married gay couple with the same last name apply whether they have chosen to use 1 last name or to use a hyphenated version of both their last names.\\n1-2. Select Mrs. and Mrs. for 2 women who are married to one another.\\nAddress each member of a female married gay couple as “Mrs.” This is the standard way to address any married woman in English.\\nFor instance, “Mrs. Jane Clint and Mrs. Sarah Clint.”\\nIf you just want to write the last name once, you can write it like “Mrs. Jane and Mrs. Sarah Clint.”\\n1-3. Utilize Messrs. or Mesdames if you want to use a plural title.\\nUse “Messrs.” for a male same-gender married couple and use “Mesdames” for a female same-gender married couple. These are technically French plural titles, but are perfectly acceptable to use in English formal addresses.\\nMessrs. is an abbreviation for messieurs, which is the plural form of monsieur.\\nYou can shorten mesdames to mmes. if you want a shorter plural title for a female couple.\\n1-4. Replace Mr. or Mrs. with Dr. or Doctor if 1 member of the couple is a doctor.\\nThis is only an option, but it is acceptable to use “Dr.” or “Doctor” for 1 person if that person is actually a doctor. Keep in mind that you don’t have to do this and it is still acceptable to use “Mr.” or “Mrs.”\\nFor example, “Dr. Rob Jones and Mr. Ryan Jones.”\\nPut Drs. or Doctors at the beginning of the address if both people are doctors. For example, “Doctors Maria Constantine and Laura Constantine.”\\nIf they are lawyers, you can put their name comma Esquire.\\nIf you address close relatives, then the Mr. and Mrs. are not necessarily required.\\n2. Ordering the Names\\n2-1. List the person you are inviting first if you are sending an invitation.\\nThis applies mostly to formal invitations like wedding invitations, for which you might primarily be inviting someone you are close with and inviting their partner as a courtesy. Write the name of the person you are primarily writing the invitation to first, followed by the name of their partner.\\nFor instance, if you are inviting your old friend Roger Gonzalez to your wedding and you want to extend the invitation to his partner Alex Gonzalez, write “Mr. Roger Gonzalez and Mr. Alex Gonzalez.”\\nThis could apply anytime you're inviting a married gay person you know to some kind of formal event and you're inviting they're partner as a \\\"plus 1.\\\"\\n2-2. List the names in alphabetical order if you can’t decide who to put first.\\nThis is the default way to list the names of 2 people when the order doesn’t matter to you. Write the name of the person that starts with a letter earlier in the alphabet first, followed by the name of the second member of the couple.\\nFor example, “Mr. Adam Irvine and Mr. Bob Irvine,” or “Mrs. Claire Rockefort and Mrs. Diana Rockefort.”\\n2-3. Put either person’s name first if you don’t have a preference.\\nThere are no rules set in stone about whose name you have to put first when you’re addressing a gay couple. Choose what you think sounds better or more natural.\\nThough it doesn’t matter which order you put the names of the people in the couple, try to be consistent. For instance, whoever’s name you write first on something like an invitation should also go first on the address on the envelope.\\nTips\\nIf you aren’t sure how to address a same-gender couple that you know, ask them what their preference is. They might not have one, but if they do, they will likely appreciate your inquiry.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf a same-sex couple has chosen not to share the same last name, include both of their last names in any address. For example, “Mr. Robert Stewson and Mr. Greg Johnson.”\\nWarnings\\nNever assume that someone in a same-gender couple identifies as you think they would. For example, one member of a gay married couple might identify as more feminine and would thus prefer to be called Mrs. If you aren’t sure, ask!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Just like when you're addressing any other couple, there are some standard etiquette rules you can follow that are generally safe to use when addressing an invitation to a same-gender couple with the same last name. Feel free to apply these rules when you’re referring to a married gay couple on things like wedding invitations, holiday cards, and letters. The same rules also apply whether the couple uses one last name or a hyphenated combo of both their last names. Keep in mind that the rules aren’t set in stone, and different same-sex couples can have different preferences. If you aren’t sure what the proper address format should be for a specific same-gender couple, go ahead and ask what they prefer!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Formal Titles\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose Mr. and Mr. for 2 men who are married to each other.\", \"描述\": \"Address each member of a male married gay couple as “Mr.” This is the standard way to address any man, no matter what their sexuality or marital status is.\\nFor example, “Mr. John Graham and Mr. David Graham.”\\nIt’s also perfectly acceptable to just list the last name once, which would look like “Mr. John and Mr. David Graham.”\\nAll the rules for addressing a married gay couple with the same last name apply whether they have chosen to use 1 last name or to use a hyphenated version of both their last names.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Select Mrs. and Mrs. for 2 women who are married to one another.\", \"描述\": \"Address each member of a female married gay couple as “Mrs.” This is the standard way to address any married woman in English.\\nFor instance, “Mrs. Jane Clint and Mrs. Sarah Clint.”\\nIf you just want to write the last name once, you can write it like “Mrs. Jane and Mrs. Sarah Clint.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Utilize Messrs. or Mesdames if you want to use a plural title.\", \"描述\": \"Use “Messrs.” for a male same-gender married couple and use “Mesdames” for a female same-gender married couple. These are technically French plural titles, but are perfectly acceptable to use in English formal addresses.\\nMessrs. is an abbreviation for messieurs, which is the plural form of monsieur.\\nYou can shorten mesdames to mmes. if you want a shorter plural title for a female couple.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Replace Mr. or Mrs. with Dr. or Doctor if 1 member of the couple is a doctor.\", \"描述\": \"This is only an option, but it is acceptable to use “Dr.” or “Doctor” for 1 person if that person is actually a doctor. Keep in mind that you don’t have to do this and it is still acceptable to use “Mr.” or “Mrs.”\\nFor example, “Dr. Rob Jones and Mr. Ryan Jones.”\\nPut Drs. or Doctors at the beginning of the address if both people are doctors. For example, “Doctors Maria Constantine and Laura Constantine.”\\nIf they are lawyers, you can put their name comma Esquire.\\nIf you address close relatives, then the Mr. and Mrs. are not necessarily required.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ordering the Names\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"List the person you are inviting first if you are sending an invitation.\", \"描述\": \"This applies mostly to formal invitations like wedding invitations, for which you might primarily be inviting someone you are close with and inviting their partner as a courtesy. Write the name of the person you are primarily writing the invitation to first, followed by the name of their partner.\\nFor instance, if you are inviting your old friend Roger Gonzalez to your wedding and you want to extend the invitation to his partner Alex Gonzalez, write “Mr. Roger Gonzalez and Mr. Alex Gonzalez.”\\nThis could apply anytime you're inviting a married gay person you know to some kind of formal event and you're inviting they're partner as a \\\"plus 1.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"List the names in alphabetical order if you can’t decide who to put first.\", \"描述\": \"This is the default way to list the names of 2 people when the order doesn’t matter to you. Write the name of the person that starts with a letter earlier in the alphabet first, followed by the name of the second member of the couple.\\nFor example, “Mr. Adam Irvine and Mr. Bob Irvine,” or “Mrs. Claire Rockefort and Mrs. Diana Rockefort.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put either person’s name first if you don’t have a preference.\", \"描述\": \"There are no rules set in stone about whose name you have to put first when you’re addressing a gay couple. Choose what you think sounds better or more natural.\\nThough it doesn’t matter which order you put the names of the people in the couple, try to be consistent. For instance, whoever’s name you write first on something like an invitation should also go first on the address on the envelope.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you aren’t sure how to address a same-gender couple that you know, ask them what their preference is. They might not have one, but if they do, they will likely appreciate your inquiry.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If a same-sex couple has chosen not to share the same last name, include both of their last names in any address. For example, “Mr. Robert Stewson and Mr. Greg Johnson.”\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never assume that someone in a same-gender couple identifies as you think they would. For example, one member of a gay married couple might identify as more feminine and would thus prefer to be called Mrs. If you aren’t sure, ask!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,269 | How to Address a Mayor | 1. Addressing a Mayor in Correspondence
1-1. Use the mayor's full formal title on the envelope.
If you're mailing a formal letter to the mayor, the outside should be addressed to the mayor by their first and last name, along with "Mayor" and any other honorific typically bestowed on a mayor.
In the US, put "The Honorable" on the first line of your address block along with the mayor's first and last name. For example: The Honorable Megan Barry.
On the second line of the address block, provide the city. For example: Mayor of Nashville.
In other countries, mayors may have different formal titles. You still generally want to use the mayor's full formal title on the envelope. For example, in the UK and British commonwealth countries, a mayor's full formal title is "His/Her Worship Mayor Firstname A. Lastname." For example: Her Worship Mayor Megan C. Barry.
1-2. Include the shorter title "Mayor" in your salutation.
On the inside of a formal letter, you don't need to repeat the mayor's full formal title. You can simply address them as "Mayor" followed by their last name in most instances.
For example: Dear Mayor Barry. Follow your salutation with a comma, double space, and continue with your letter.
Double-check proper protocol outside the US. For example, in Canada it is also acceptable to use a polite salutation such as "Dear Sir" or "Dear Madam."
1-3. Maintain a respectful tone throughout your letter.
Even though your letter is addressed directly to the mayor, you may want to address them again in the body of your letter. On subsequent mention, using "Mayor" with their last name is most appropriate.
You might also use Mr. Mayor or Madam Mayor if you want.
Be careful not to overdo it when using the mayor's name in the body of your letter. You might want to use it at the end, when you're urging the mayor to act in response to the issue you've raised. It's not necessary to include it throughout the letter.
2. Addressing a Mayor in Person
2-1. Call the mayor by their shortened title when first meeting them.
When you are initially introduced to the mayor, address them as "Mayor" with their last name. There's no need to call them by their full formal title.
Use this form of address even if you're initially introduced to them more casually. Allow the mayor to tell you if you have their permission to call them something else, such as by their first name.
2-2. Maintain a polite address throughout the conversation.
If you continue talking to the mayor and want to use their name again, it is appropriate to address them as "Mayor" with their last name, or to use sir or ma'am.
In the US, you can also address the mayor as "Your Honor," although this is considered more formal. Saying "Mr. Mayor" or "Madam Mayor" is also acceptable. Listen to the forms of address people around you use if you're unsure – particularly staff in the mayor's office.
Other countries may follow different formalities. When in doubt, listen to others around you or ask a member of the mayor's staff how you should properly address the mayor. For example, in Canada you could also refer to the mayor as "Your Worship," although this is considered more formal (similar to "Your Honor" in the US).
2-3. Use the mayor's full formal title when introducing them to an audience.
A public event or speaking engagement typically is a more formal occasion where the mayor is appearing in their official capacity. If you're introducing them, their full formal title is appropriate.
For example, if you were introducing the Mayor of Nashville at a public event, you would address her as "The Honorable Megan Barry, Mayor of the city of Nashville."
Full formal titles vary among countries, so make sure you're using the correct title. For example, in the UK and British commonwealth countries, you typically would say "The Worshipful The Mayor of Nashville, Councillor Megan Barry."
Tips
Reserve formal titles only for mayors currently in office. For some elected officials, it is customary that they retain the title even after they leave office. However, there is only one mayor of a city at any given time. Use a regular salutation such as Mr., Ms., or Dr. to address a former mayor, or a mayor-elect who hasn't been sworn into office yet.[12]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing a Mayor in Correspondence\\n1-1. Use the mayor's full formal title on the envelope.\\nIf you're mailing a formal letter to the mayor, the outside should be addressed to the mayor by their first and last name, along with \\\"Mayor\\\" and any other honorific typically bestowed on a mayor.\\nIn the US, put \\\"The Honorable\\\" on the first line of your address block along with the mayor's first and last name. For example: The Honorable Megan Barry.\\nOn the second line of the address block, provide the city. For example: Mayor of Nashville.\\nIn other countries, mayors may have different formal titles. You still generally want to use the mayor's full formal title on the envelope. For example, in the UK and British commonwealth countries, a mayor's full formal title is \\\"His/Her Worship Mayor Firstname A. Lastname.\\\" For example: Her Worship Mayor Megan C. Barry.\\n1-2. Include the shorter title \\\"Mayor\\\" in your salutation.\\nOn the inside of a formal letter, you don't need to repeat the mayor's full formal title. You can simply address them as \\\"Mayor\\\" followed by their last name in most instances.\\nFor example: Dear Mayor Barry. Follow your salutation with a comma, double space, and continue with your letter.\\nDouble-check proper protocol outside the US. For example, in Canada it is also acceptable to use a polite salutation such as \\\"Dear Sir\\\" or \\\"Dear Madam.\\\"\\n1-3. Maintain a respectful tone throughout your letter.\\nEven though your letter is addressed directly to the mayor, you may want to address them again in the body of your letter. On subsequent mention, using \\\"Mayor\\\" with their last name is most appropriate.\\nYou might also use Mr. Mayor or Madam Mayor if you want.\\nBe careful not to overdo it when using the mayor's name in the body of your letter. You might want to use it at the end, when you're urging the mayor to act in response to the issue you've raised. It's not necessary to include it throughout the letter.\\n2. Addressing a Mayor in Person\\n2-1. Call the mayor by their shortened title when first meeting them.\\nWhen you are initially introduced to the mayor, address them as \\\"Mayor\\\" with their last name. There's no need to call them by their full formal title.\\nUse this form of address even if you're initially introduced to them more casually. Allow the mayor to tell you if you have their permission to call them something else, such as by their first name.\\n2-2. Maintain a polite address throughout the conversation.\\nIf you continue talking to the mayor and want to use their name again, it is appropriate to address them as \\\"Mayor\\\" with their last name, or to use sir or ma'am.\\nIn the US, you can also address the mayor as \\\"Your Honor,\\\" although this is considered more formal. Saying \\\"Mr. Mayor\\\" or \\\"Madam Mayor\\\" is also acceptable. Listen to the forms of address people around you use if you're unsure – particularly staff in the mayor's office.\\nOther countries may follow different formalities. When in doubt, listen to others around you or ask a member of the mayor's staff how you should properly address the mayor. For example, in Canada you could also refer to the mayor as \\\"Your Worship,\\\" although this is considered more formal (similar to \\\"Your Honor\\\" in the US).\\n2-3. Use the mayor's full formal title when introducing them to an audience.\\nA public event or speaking engagement typically is a more formal occasion where the mayor is appearing in their official capacity. If you're introducing them, their full formal title is appropriate.\\nFor example, if you were introducing the Mayor of Nashville at a public event, you would address her as \\\"The Honorable Megan Barry, Mayor of the city of Nashville.\\\"\\nFull formal titles vary among countries, so make sure you're using the correct title. For example, in the UK and British commonwealth countries, you typically would say \\\"The Worshipful The Mayor of Nashville, Councillor Megan Barry.\\\"\\nTips\\nReserve formal titles only for mayors currently in office. For some elected officials, it is customary that they retain the title even after they leave office. However, there is only one mayor of a city at any given time. Use a regular salutation such as Mr., Ms., or Dr. to address a former mayor, or a mayor-elect who hasn't been sworn into office yet.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Generally, you address a mayor as \\\"Mayor\\\" followed by their last name. If you do this, either in writing or in person, you'll convey proper respect and not offend anybody. However, in certain contexts, you may want to address a mayor more formally. If you're writing a formal letter to the mayor, or introducing the mayor at an event, use the mayor's full title and refer to them as \\\"The Honorable.\\\" Following proper protocol ensures that you'll be taken seriously.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Mayor in Correspondence\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the mayor's full formal title on the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"If you're mailing a formal letter to the mayor, the outside should be addressed to the mayor by their first and last name, along with \\\"Mayor\\\" and any other honorific typically bestowed on a mayor.\\nIn the US, put \\\"The Honorable\\\" on the first line of your address block along with the mayor's first and last name. For example: The Honorable Megan Barry.\\nOn the second line of the address block, provide the city. For example: Mayor of Nashville.\\nIn other countries, mayors may have different formal titles. You still generally want to use the mayor's full formal title on the envelope. For example, in the UK and British commonwealth countries, a mayor's full formal title is \\\"His/Her Worship Mayor Firstname A. Lastname.\\\" For example: Her Worship Mayor Megan C. Barry.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include the shorter title \\\"Mayor\\\" in your salutation.\", \"描述\": \"On the inside of a formal letter, you don't need to repeat the mayor's full formal title. You can simply address them as \\\"Mayor\\\" followed by their last name in most instances.\\nFor example: Dear Mayor Barry. Follow your salutation with a comma, double space, and continue with your letter.\\nDouble-check proper protocol outside the US. For example, in Canada it is also acceptable to use a polite salutation such as \\\"Dear Sir\\\" or \\\"Dear Madam.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintain a respectful tone throughout your letter.\", \"描述\": \"Even though your letter is addressed directly to the mayor, you may want to address them again in the body of your letter. On subsequent mention, using \\\"Mayor\\\" with their last name is most appropriate.\\nYou might also use Mr. Mayor or Madam Mayor if you want.\\nBe careful not to overdo it when using the mayor's name in the body of your letter. You might want to use it at the end, when you're urging the mayor to act in response to the issue you've raised. It's not necessary to include it throughout the letter.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Mayor in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call the mayor by their shortened title when first meeting them.\", \"描述\": \"When you are initially introduced to the mayor, address them as \\\"Mayor\\\" with their last name. There's no need to call them by their full formal title.\\nUse this form of address even if you're initially introduced to them more casually. Allow the mayor to tell you if you have their permission to call them something else, such as by their first name.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain a polite address throughout the conversation.\", \"描述\": \"If you continue talking to the mayor and want to use their name again, it is appropriate to address them as \\\"Mayor\\\" with their last name, or to use sir or ma'am.\\nIn the US, you can also address the mayor as \\\"Your Honor,\\\" although this is considered more formal. Saying \\\"Mr. Mayor\\\" or \\\"Madam Mayor\\\" is also acceptable. Listen to the forms of address people around you use if you're unsure – particularly staff in the mayor's office.\\nOther countries may follow different formalities. When in doubt, listen to others around you or ask a member of the mayor's staff how you should properly address the mayor. For example, in Canada you could also refer to the mayor as \\\"Your Worship,\\\" although this is considered more formal (similar to \\\"Your Honor\\\" in the US).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the mayor's full formal title when introducing them to an audience.\", \"描述\": \"A public event or speaking engagement typically is a more formal occasion where the mayor is appearing in their official capacity. If you're introducing them, their full formal title is appropriate.\\nFor example, if you were introducing the Mayor of Nashville at a public event, you would address her as \\\"The Honorable Megan Barry, Mayor of the city of Nashville.\\\"\\nFull formal titles vary among countries, so make sure you're using the correct title. For example, in the UK and British commonwealth countries, you typically would say \\\"The Worshipful The Mayor of Nashville, Councillor Megan Barry.\\\"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Reserve formal titles only for mayors currently in office. For some elected officials, it is customary that they retain the title even after they leave office. However, there is only one mayor of a city at any given time. Use a regular salutation such as Mr., Ms., or Dr. to address a former mayor, or a mayor-elect who hasn't been sworn into office yet.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,270 | How to Address a Postcard | 1. Positioning The Address Properly
1-1. Look for signs of where to put an address.
The address is normally placed on the right hand side of a postcard and midway down the card. There is usually a printed vertical line denoting the left and the right of the postcard. If not, imagine a line in the centre of the postcard, Choose the right hand side to insert the address.
Many postcards include pre-printed horizontal address lines to show you where to add the address. But not all will do this, so assume that the mid-right of the card is the best placement for the address.
1-2. Format the position of the address correctly.
If you are making your own postcard out of a photo or picture, or you purchase a postcard without lines to fill in an address, you will need to format the back of the postcard yourself. Check with your local post office for specific postcard requirements. However, in general, most postcards will follow these requirements:
The address side of the card must be divided into a right portion and a left portion, with or without a vertical rule. The left portion is the message area.
The destination address, postage, and any postal service marking or endorsement must appear in the right portion. The right portion must be at least 2-1/8 inches wide (measured from the right edge of the card, top to bottom inclusive).
1-3. Draw a neat box around the address it to help it stand out.
This is a good way to help point out to postal workers the address on your postcard. It makes their work easier and ensures no mistakes are made.
You can also write right up the edge of those lines without having your message clutter or overpower the address.
1-4. Place the stamp in the upper right hand corner.
This is the standard placement of all stamps. You may even need to place multiple stamps depending on where you will be mailing it to.
2. Salvaging Mistakes
2-1. Consider writing the address on first.
In most cases, postcards will have lines designated for an address, but in some cases, a postcard can be completely blank. Making it a habit to write down the address before writing your message is a good way to ensure you don't take over the postcard with your message, leaving no room for an address.
2-2. Pasting the address onto your postcard.
You may have written the address wrong in pen, or completely forgot to write an address. Take a piece of paper and trace the outline of your postcard. Then replicate the back of your postcard within the box you just made. Address your postcard directly and cut and paste your make-shift postcard onto the actual postcard.
While the post office won't love you for making a mess of the address, most post offices will do their very best to help deliver your postcard.
Tips
Write neatly and clearly. If you make a mistake or the postal worker can't read your writing, you probably won't be receiving your postcard back unless you've included a return address.[5]
X
Research source
It's very rare to add a return address on a postcard if you're vacationing but if you're sending a postcard from home, write your return address in the upper left hand corner.
Short and sweet is the rule behind postcards. If you stick to this rule, you won't have any problems fitting in the address.
Warnings
Every postal worker can read what you have written on your postcard. Don't put in extremely sensitive information that might put you or the person you're addressing the postcard to in danger.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Positioning The Address Properly\\n1-1. Look for signs of where to put an address.\\nThe address is normally placed on the right hand side of a postcard and midway down the card. There is usually a printed vertical line denoting the left and the right of the postcard. If not, imagine a line in the centre of the postcard, Choose the right hand side to insert the address.\\nMany postcards include pre-printed horizontal address lines to show you where to add the address. But not all will do this, so assume that the mid-right of the card is the best placement for the address.\\n1-2. Format the position of the address correctly.\\nIf you are making your own postcard out of a photo or picture, or you purchase a postcard without lines to fill in an address, you will need to format the back of the postcard yourself. Check with your local post office for specific postcard requirements. However, in general, most postcards will follow these requirements:\\nThe address side of the card must be divided into a right portion and a left portion, with or without a vertical rule. The left portion is the message area.\\nThe destination address, postage, and any postal service marking or endorsement must appear in the right portion. The right portion must be at least 2-1/8 inches wide (measured from the right edge of the card, top to bottom inclusive).\\n1-3. Draw a neat box around the address it to help it stand out.\\nThis is a good way to help point out to postal workers the address on your postcard. It makes their work easier and ensures no mistakes are made.\\nYou can also write right up the edge of those lines without having your message clutter or overpower the address.\\n1-4. Place the stamp in the upper right hand corner.\\nThis is the standard placement of all stamps. You may even need to place multiple stamps depending on where you will be mailing it to.\\n2. Salvaging Mistakes\\n2-1. Consider writing the address on first.\\nIn most cases, postcards will have lines designated for an address, but in some cases, a postcard can be completely blank. Making it a habit to write down the address before writing your message is a good way to ensure you don't take over the postcard with your message, leaving no room for an address.\\n2-2. Pasting the address onto your postcard.\\nYou may have written the address wrong in pen, or completely forgot to write an address. Take a piece of paper and trace the outline of your postcard. Then replicate the back of your postcard within the box you just made. Address your postcard directly and cut and paste your make-shift postcard onto the actual postcard.\\nWhile the post office won't love you for making a mess of the address, most post offices will do their very best to help deliver your postcard.\\nTips\\nWrite neatly and clearly. If you make a mistake or the postal worker can't read your writing, you probably won't be receiving your postcard back unless you've included a return address.[5]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIt's very rare to add a return address on a postcard if you're vacationing but if you're sending a postcard from home, write your return address in the upper left hand corner.\\nShort and sweet is the rule behind postcards. If you stick to this rule, you won't have any problems fitting in the address.\\nWarnings\\nEvery postal worker can read what you have written on your postcard. Don't put in extremely sensitive information that might put you or the person you're addressing the postcard to in danger.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Figuring out where to insert an address on a postcard can be difficult. Although, it is one of the simplest things to do when corresponding by postcard, it's essential that you think about it before you write your message on your postcard. And for those times where you've forgotten to insert the address before writing a long and abundant message, there are still ways to address your postcard.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Positioning The Address Properly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for signs of where to put an address.\", \"描述\": \"The address is normally placed on the right hand side of a postcard and midway down the card. There is usually a printed vertical line denoting the left and the right of the postcard. If not, imagine a line in the centre of the postcard, Choose the right hand side to insert the address.\\nMany postcards include pre-printed horizontal address lines to show you where to add the address. But not all will do this, so assume that the mid-right of the card is the best placement for the address.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Format the position of the address correctly.\", \"描述\": \"If you are making your own postcard out of a photo or picture, or you purchase a postcard without lines to fill in an address, you will need to format the back of the postcard yourself. Check with your local post office for specific postcard requirements. However, in general, most postcards will follow these requirements:\\nThe address side of the card must be divided into a right portion and a left portion, with or without a vertical rule. The left portion is the message area.\\nThe destination address, postage, and any postal service marking or endorsement must appear in the right portion. The right portion must be at least 2-1/8 inches wide (measured from the right edge of the card, top to bottom inclusive).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Draw a neat box around the address it to help it stand out.\", \"描述\": \"This is a good way to help point out to postal workers the address on your postcard. It makes their work easier and ensures no mistakes are made.\\nYou can also write right up the edge of those lines without having your message clutter or overpower the address.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Place the stamp in the upper right hand corner.\", \"描述\": \"This is the standard placement of all stamps. You may even need to place multiple stamps depending on where you will be mailing it to.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Salvaging Mistakes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider writing the address on first.\", \"描述\": \"In most cases, postcards will have lines designated for an address, but in some cases, a postcard can be completely blank. Making it a habit to write down the address before writing your message is a good way to ensure you don't take over the postcard with your message, leaving no room for an address.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pasting the address onto your postcard.\", \"描述\": \"You may have written the address wrong in pen, or completely forgot to write an address. Take a piece of paper and trace the outline of your postcard. Then replicate the back of your postcard within the box you just made. Address your postcard directly and cut and paste your make-shift postcard onto the actual postcard.\\nWhile the post office won't love you for making a mess of the address, most post offices will do their very best to help deliver your postcard.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Write neatly and clearly. If you make a mistake or the postal worker can't read your writing, you probably won't be receiving your postcard back unless you've included a return address.[5]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"It's very rare to add a return address on a postcard if you're vacationing but if you're sending a postcard from home, write your return address in the upper left hand corner.\\n\", \"Short and sweet is the rule behind postcards. If you stick to this rule, you won't have any problems fitting in the address.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Every postal worker can read what you have written on your postcard. Don't put in extremely sensitive information that might put you or the person you're addressing the postcard to in danger.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,271 | How to Address a Prime Minister in a Letter | 1. Choosing the Correct Forms of Address
1-1. Address the envelope to “The Right Honourable”.
The first line of the envelope should read “The Right Honourable”, followed by the first and last names of the Prime Minister. Below this, write “Prime Minister of” followed by the relevant country. Write the relevant parliament address of the Prime Minister underneath. For example:
The Right Honourable Jacinda Ardern
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Parliament Buildings
Private Bag 18041
Wellington 6160
Note that the address “The Right Honourable” should still be used if you are addressing a former Prime Minister.
1-2. Begin the letter with “Dear Prime Minister”.
This polite opening is the expected salutation for all written communication to the Prime Minister. If you are writing an email it is still appropriate to begin with “Dear Prime Minister”.
If you are writing to a former prime minister begin with "Dear Sir/Madam," or "Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms. Lastname."
1-3. Finish your letter with “Most respectfully”.
This complimentary closing remark shows your respect and indicates the end of your message. Thank the Prime Minister for taking time to read your letter. Then, place a comma at the end of “Most respectfully” and sign and print your name below.
If you are writing the letter on a computer leave space for you to sign your name under the closing remark.
2. Using a Formal Writing Style
2-1. Avoid using abbreviations or contractions.
Contractions and abbreviations can come across as lazy and aren’t appropriate for a formal letter. Abbreviations aren’t always clear to the reader so it is best practice to spell out the full meaning of the abbreviation. Similarly with contractions, it is appropriate to write the full words instead of using an apostrophe to create one word.
For example, use “do not” instead of “don’t”.
Try using “New York” instead of “NY”.
2-2. Use formal language.
Substitute slang or colloquial words for more proper alternatives. Using formal language in your letter will help you to be taken more seriously. Pay particular attention to using formal adjectives as describing words set a strong tone in written communication.
For example, use “excellent” or “enjoyable” instead of “rad” or awesome”.
Replace "weird" with "unusual", or "hated" with "strongly disliked".
2-3. Write concisely.
Avoid repeating yourself in your letter. If you want to emphasise a point try adding extra supporting information instead of repeating the same point in different words. Keep your sentences to a limit of 2 lines. Wordy sentences can be confusing and difficult to read.
The Prime Minister is more likely to read your whole letter if it is clear and to the point.
Avoid adding extra sentences that don’t contain necessary information.
2-4. Check your spelling and grammar.
Read over your letter and carefully check for any spelling or grammar errors. If you have written your letter on a computer, use a spell-checker to check your work.
Poor spelling and grammar will make your letter harder to read and will make your work look rushed.
Ask a friend to check over your letter for any typos or mistakes before you send it.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Choosing the Correct Forms of Address\\n1-1. Address the envelope to “The Right Honourable”.\\nThe first line of the envelope should read “The Right Honourable”, followed by the first and last names of the Prime Minister. Below this, write “Prime Minister of” followed by the relevant country. Write the relevant parliament address of the Prime Minister underneath. For example:\\nThe Right Honourable Jacinda Ardern\\nPrime Minister of New Zealand\\nParliament Buildings\\nPrivate Bag 18041\\nWellington 6160\\nNote that the address “The Right Honourable” should still be used if you are addressing a former Prime Minister.\\n1-2. Begin the letter with “Dear Prime Minister”.\\nThis polite opening is the expected salutation for all written communication to the Prime Minister. If you are writing an email it is still appropriate to begin with “Dear Prime Minister”.\\nIf you are writing to a former prime minister begin with \\\"Dear Sir/Madam,\\\" or \\\"Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms. Lastname.\\\"\\n1-3. Finish your letter with “Most respectfully”.\\nThis complimentary closing remark shows your respect and indicates the end of your message. Thank the Prime Minister for taking time to read your letter. Then, place a comma at the end of “Most respectfully” and sign and print your name below.\\nIf you are writing the letter on a computer leave space for you to sign your name under the closing remark.\\n2. Using a Formal Writing Style\\n2-1. Avoid using abbreviations or contractions.\\nContractions and abbreviations can come across as lazy and aren’t appropriate for a formal letter. Abbreviations aren’t always clear to the reader so it is best practice to spell out the full meaning of the abbreviation. Similarly with contractions, it is appropriate to write the full words instead of using an apostrophe to create one word.\\nFor example, use “do not” instead of “don’t”.\\nTry using “New York” instead of “NY”.\\n2-2. Use formal language.\\nSubstitute slang or colloquial words for more proper alternatives. Using formal language in your letter will help you to be taken more seriously. Pay particular attention to using formal adjectives as describing words set a strong tone in written communication.\\nFor example, use “excellent” or “enjoyable” instead of “rad” or awesome”.\\nReplace \\\"weird\\\" with \\\"unusual\\\", or \\\"hated\\\" with \\\"strongly disliked\\\".\\n2-3. Write concisely.\\nAvoid repeating yourself in your letter. If you want to emphasise a point try adding extra supporting information instead of repeating the same point in different words. Keep your sentences to a limit of 2 lines. Wordy sentences can be confusing and difficult to read.\\nThe Prime Minister is more likely to read your whole letter if it is clear and to the point.\\nAvoid adding extra sentences that don’t contain necessary information.\\n2-4. Check your spelling and grammar.\\nRead over your letter and carefully check for any spelling or grammar errors. If you have written your letter on a computer, use a spell-checker to check your work.\\nPoor spelling and grammar will make your letter harder to read and will make your work look rushed.\\nAsk a friend to check over your letter for any typos or mistakes before you send it.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In most countries, anyone can write a letter to their prime minister. When writing your letter there are certain rules of etiquette that you should follow. It is best practice to address the envelope and letter using the correct titles and a formal writing style. Following these recommendations shows respect for the Prime Minister and will make your letter easier to read.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choosing the Correct Forms of Address\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope to “The Right Honourable”.\", \"描述\": \"The first line of the envelope should read “The Right Honourable”, followed by the first and last names of the Prime Minister. Below this, write “Prime Minister of” followed by the relevant country. Write the relevant parliament address of the Prime Minister underneath. For example:\\nThe Right Honourable Jacinda Ardern\\nPrime Minister of New Zealand\\nParliament Buildings\\nPrivate Bag 18041\\nWellington 6160\\nNote that the address “The Right Honourable” should still be used if you are addressing a former Prime Minister.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Begin the letter with “Dear Prime Minister”.\", \"描述\": \"This polite opening is the expected salutation for all written communication to the Prime Minister. If you are writing an email it is still appropriate to begin with “Dear Prime Minister”.\\nIf you are writing to a former prime minister begin with \\\"Dear Sir/Madam,\\\" or \\\"Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms. Lastname.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finish your letter with “Most respectfully”.\", \"描述\": \"This complimentary closing remark shows your respect and indicates the end of your message. Thank the Prime Minister for taking time to read your letter. Then, place a comma at the end of “Most respectfully” and sign and print your name below.\\nIf you are writing the letter on a computer leave space for you to sign your name under the closing remark.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using a Formal Writing Style\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid using abbreviations or contractions.\", \"描述\": \"Contractions and abbreviations can come across as lazy and aren’t appropriate for a formal letter. Abbreviations aren’t always clear to the reader so it is best practice to spell out the full meaning of the abbreviation. Similarly with contractions, it is appropriate to write the full words instead of using an apostrophe to create one word.\\nFor example, use “do not” instead of “don’t”.\\nTry using “New York” instead of “NY”.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use formal language.\", \"描述\": \"Substitute slang or colloquial words for more proper alternatives. Using formal language in your letter will help you to be taken more seriously. Pay particular attention to using formal adjectives as describing words set a strong tone in written communication.\\nFor example, use “excellent” or “enjoyable” instead of “rad” or awesome”.\\nReplace \\\"weird\\\" with \\\"unusual\\\", or \\\"hated\\\" with \\\"strongly disliked\\\".\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write concisely.\", \"描述\": \"Avoid repeating yourself in your letter. If you want to emphasise a point try adding extra supporting information instead of repeating the same point in different words. Keep your sentences to a limit of 2 lines. Wordy sentences can be confusing and difficult to read.\\nThe Prime Minister is more likely to read your whole letter if it is clear and to the point.\\nAvoid adding extra sentences that don’t contain necessary information.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check your spelling and grammar.\", \"描述\": \"Read over your letter and carefully check for any spelling or grammar errors. If you have written your letter on a computer, use a spell-checker to check your work.\\nPoor spelling and grammar will make your letter harder to read and will make your work look rushed.\\nAsk a friend to check over your letter for any typos or mistakes before you send it.\"}]}]}}",
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} | wikihow |
1,272 | How to Address a Professor | 1. Addressing a Professor Through Writing
1-1. Use the title of “professor.”
Whoever you are writing to most likely holds this title due to a position in an academic setting. This means that you must address them formally as “professor.”
If the professor has a doctorate, you may refer to them as "Dr. Smith" or whatever their last name is. If they do not have a doctorate, simply saying "Hello professor" is fine.
Avoid using first names or other names until you've been told by the professor that it's OK to use those names.
If you're addressing multiple professors in an email, mention all of their names at the start of the email unless there are more than 3 people.
1-2. Use formal language and words.
Every interaction that you have with a professor should be treated as a professional one. To be treated as a mature, respectful adult, you must act like one. This means that using colloquialisms, slang, or other informal vernacular is not appropriate.
Instead of saying, "hi professor, can i plz be in ur research lab for bio?" say something like, "Hi professor, I am wondering if there is any room in your Biology 101 lab?"
Once you have established a relationship with a professor, there might be room for branching out in this area, but always start with formal language.
1-3. Be concise with your writing.
Professors are typically exceptionally busy people so keeping your writing concise and to the point is of the utmost importance. Avoid using superfluous language or over-explaining yourself.
Getting straight to your message after saying "Hello professor" is a good option.
Try and save the casual chit-chat for in-person conversations where a more informal demeanor may be appropriate.
1-4. Proofread your message thoroughly before sending it.
You are looking to be treated as a social and intellectual peer by this person. Because of this, making sure your writing is free from typos or grammatical errors is really important.
Reading your message out loud may help you pinpoint any errors you have made if this is an area you struggle with.
Feel free to get a friend to proofread your message as a second pair of eyes is often really useful for finding errors.
2. Talking to a Professor in Person
2-1. Address them by their correct title.
When conversing with a professor it’s important to call them by their formal title. It’s always safe, if it’s an academic setting, to simply call them “professor.” First names and nicknames should always be avoided.
Many professors prefer their students call them by their first name or some other name but unless this has been established prior, avoid this.
If the professor has a doctorate degree, it's also acceptable to call them "doctor" followed by their last name.
2-2. Introduce yourself when you first get the chance.
It’s always a good thing to have a positive relationship with your professor, or any professor for that matter. As such, introduce yourself on the first day of class or during your first interaction.
An example of a good introduction may be: "Hello professor Smith, my name is Joe and I'm hoping to talk to you about your biology class."
Doing this can mean that when you need your professor’s help or assistance on something down the line, you have a prior relationship established.
2-3. Ask them if now is a good time to speak with you.
As professors are perpetually busy, it’s a nice gesture to just check that they have the time to talk to you rather than just assuming they do and beginning to talk.
Alternatively, signing up for a time with them via email or some other method is a good idea.
2-4. Be clear with what you are asking of them.
If you have a question, try and be direct and concise. As you’re talking in person, it’s OK to have a brief introductory bit of conversation. After this, however, try and convey what you’re asking of them nice and succinctly.
2-5. Drop in to their office hours to have a more casual chat.
Most professors are required by their school to open their doors up to students on a walk-in basis a few times per week. However, these times are rarely utilized by students, so the professor may be free to chat during their office hours.
These times provide great opportunities to get to know your professor on a slightly more personal level.
Take the opportunity to let them know what interests you about their class, what possible research you have in mind for the future, or even a little bit about their past and their interests.
Tips
Before you go and talk to your professor, check other sources such as your friends, or the syllabus, for your information. This is important as it can be really frustrating for professors to have to respond to questions about a homework assignment you missed or what time their office hours are.[10]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing a Professor Through Writing\\n1-1. Use the title of “professor.”\\nWhoever you are writing to most likely holds this title due to a position in an academic setting. This means that you must address them formally as “professor.”\\nIf the professor has a doctorate, you may refer to them as \\\"Dr. Smith\\\" or whatever their last name is. If they do not have a doctorate, simply saying \\\"Hello professor\\\" is fine.\\nAvoid using first names or other names until you've been told by the professor that it's OK to use those names.\\nIf you're addressing multiple professors in an email, mention all of their names at the start of the email unless there are more than 3 people.\\n1-2. Use formal language and words.\\nEvery interaction that you have with a professor should be treated as a professional one. To be treated as a mature, respectful adult, you must act like one. This means that using colloquialisms, slang, or other informal vernacular is not appropriate.\\nInstead of saying, \\\"hi professor, can i plz be in ur research lab for bio?\\\" say something like, \\\"Hi professor, I am wondering if there is any room in your Biology 101 lab?\\\"\\nOnce you have established a relationship with a professor, there might be room for branching out in this area, but always start with formal language.\\n1-3. Be concise with your writing.\\nProfessors are typically exceptionally busy people so keeping your writing concise and to the point is of the utmost importance. Avoid using superfluous language or over-explaining yourself.\\nGetting straight to your message after saying \\\"Hello professor\\\" is a good option.\\nTry and save the casual chit-chat for in-person conversations where a more informal demeanor may be appropriate.\\n1-4. Proofread your message thoroughly before sending it.\\nYou are looking to be treated as a social and intellectual peer by this person. Because of this, making sure your writing is free from typos or grammatical errors is really important.\\nReading your message out loud may help you pinpoint any errors you have made if this is an area you struggle with.\\nFeel free to get a friend to proofread your message as a second pair of eyes is often really useful for finding errors.\\n2. Talking to a Professor in Person\\n2-1. Address them by their correct title.\\nWhen conversing with a professor it’s important to call them by their formal title. It’s always safe, if it’s an academic setting, to simply call them “professor.” First names and nicknames should always be avoided.\\nMany professors prefer their students call them by their first name or some other name but unless this has been established prior, avoid this.\\nIf the professor has a doctorate degree, it's also acceptable to call them \\\"doctor\\\" followed by their last name.\\n2-2. Introduce yourself when you first get the chance.\\nIt’s always a good thing to have a positive relationship with your professor, or any professor for that matter. As such, introduce yourself on the first day of class or during your first interaction.\\nAn example of a good introduction may be: \\\"Hello professor Smith, my name is Joe and I'm hoping to talk to you about your biology class.\\\"\\nDoing this can mean that when you need your professor’s help or assistance on something down the line, you have a prior relationship established.\\n2-3. Ask them if now is a good time to speak with you.\\nAs professors are perpetually busy, it’s a nice gesture to just check that they have the time to talk to you rather than just assuming they do and beginning to talk.\\nAlternatively, signing up for a time with them via email or some other method is a good idea.\\n2-4. Be clear with what you are asking of them.\\nIf you have a question, try and be direct and concise. As you’re talking in person, it’s OK to have a brief introductory bit of conversation. After this, however, try and convey what you’re asking of them nice and succinctly.\\n2-5. Drop in to their office hours to have a more casual chat.\\nMost professors are required by their school to open their doors up to students on a walk-in basis a few times per week. However, these times are rarely utilized by students, so the professor may be free to chat during their office hours.\\nThese times provide great opportunities to get to know your professor on a slightly more personal level.\\nTake the opportunity to let them know what interests you about their class, what possible research you have in mind for the future, or even a little bit about their past and their interests.\\nTips\\nBefore you go and talk to your professor, check other sources such as your friends, or the syllabus, for your information. This is important as it can be really frustrating for professors to have to respond to questions about a homework assignment you missed or what time their office hours are.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In many formal situations such as education, business dealings, and other professional world situations, you’ll be required to address someone with a formal title. It’s really important to make sure that you use the appropriate format and style of language when talking or writing to a professor to demonstrate a sense of mutual respect and formality.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Professor Through Writing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the title of “professor.”\", \"描述\": \"Whoever you are writing to most likely holds this title due to a position in an academic setting. This means that you must address them formally as “professor.”\\nIf the professor has a doctorate, you may refer to them as \\\"Dr. Smith\\\" or whatever their last name is. If they do not have a doctorate, simply saying \\\"Hello professor\\\" is fine.\\nAvoid using first names or other names until you've been told by the professor that it's OK to use those names.\\nIf you're addressing multiple professors in an email, mention all of their names at the start of the email unless there are more than 3 people.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use formal language and words.\", \"描述\": \"Every interaction that you have with a professor should be treated as a professional one. To be treated as a mature, respectful adult, you must act like one. This means that using colloquialisms, slang, or other informal vernacular is not appropriate.\\nInstead of saying, \\\"hi professor, can i plz be in ur research lab for bio?\\\" say something like, \\\"Hi professor, I am wondering if there is any room in your Biology 101 lab?\\\"\\nOnce you have established a relationship with a professor, there might be room for branching out in this area, but always start with formal language.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be concise with your writing.\", \"描述\": \"Professors are typically exceptionally busy people so keeping your writing concise and to the point is of the utmost importance. Avoid using superfluous language or over-explaining yourself.\\nGetting straight to your message after saying \\\"Hello professor\\\" is a good option.\\nTry and save the casual chit-chat for in-person conversations where a more informal demeanor may be appropriate.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Proofread your message thoroughly before sending it.\", \"描述\": \"You are looking to be treated as a social and intellectual peer by this person. Because of this, making sure your writing is free from typos or grammatical errors is really important.\\nReading your message out loud may help you pinpoint any errors you have made if this is an area you struggle with.\\nFeel free to get a friend to proofread your message as a second pair of eyes is often really useful for finding errors.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talking to a Professor in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address them by their correct title.\", \"描述\": \"When conversing with a professor it’s important to call them by their formal title. It’s always safe, if it’s an academic setting, to simply call them “professor.” First names and nicknames should always be avoided.\\nMany professors prefer their students call them by their first name or some other name but unless this has been established prior, avoid this.\\nIf the professor has a doctorate degree, it's also acceptable to call them \\\"doctor\\\" followed by their last name.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Introduce yourself when you first get the chance.\", \"描述\": \"It’s always a good thing to have a positive relationship with your professor, or any professor for that matter. As such, introduce yourself on the first day of class or during your first interaction.\\nAn example of a good introduction may be: \\\"Hello professor Smith, my name is Joe and I'm hoping to talk to you about your biology class.\\\"\\nDoing this can mean that when you need your professor’s help or assistance on something down the line, you have a prior relationship established.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask them if now is a good time to speak with you.\", \"描述\": \"As professors are perpetually busy, it’s a nice gesture to just check that they have the time to talk to you rather than just assuming they do and beginning to talk.\\nAlternatively, signing up for a time with them via email or some other method is a good idea.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be clear with what you are asking of them.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a question, try and be direct and concise. As you’re talking in person, it’s OK to have a brief introductory bit of conversation. After this, however, try and convey what you’re asking of them nice and succinctly.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Drop in to their office hours to have a more casual chat.\", \"描述\": \"Most professors are required by their school to open their doors up to students on a walk-in basis a few times per week. However, these times are rarely utilized by students, so the professor may be free to chat during their office hours.\\nThese times provide great opportunities to get to know your professor on a slightly more personal level.\\nTake the opportunity to let them know what interests you about their class, what possible research you have in mind for the future, or even a little bit about their past and their interests.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Before you go and talk to your professor, check other sources such as your friends, or the syllabus, for your information. This is important as it can be really frustrating for professors to have to respond to questions about a homework assignment you missed or what time their office hours are.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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1,273 | How to Address a Queen | 1. Addressing a British Queen in a Letter
1-1. Decide whether to use traditional forms.
According to the Royal Family's official policy, you should be free to write in whatever style you like. Politeness and respect will make any letter more kindly received, but that does not necessarily equate to using formal terms. Stay sincere, and do not use the formal terms below if they make you uncomfortable.
1-2. Begin the letter with "Madam."
At the top of your letter, write "Madam," skip a line, and start writing your letter on the line below it. This is the formal and traditional term of address when writing a letter to the Queen of the United Kingdom.
1-3. Conclude the letter with a respectful term.
The traditional written conclusion is I have the honour to be, Madam, Your Majesty's most humble and obedient servant, followed by your name. If you find this conclusion distasteful due to the declaration of servitude, or the insertion of the letter u in honour, consider one of the following respectful conclusions instead:
With greatest respect,
Yours faithfully,
Yours sincerely,
If you make a request, end the letter with a thank you and write your name.
1-4. Mail the letter.
On the envelope, write the following postal address, using the last line only if you are mailing the letter from outside the UK:
The Queen
Buckingham Palace
London SW1A 1AA
United Kingdom
2. Addressing a British Queen in Person
2-1. Make a small curtsy, bow, or nod.
Traditionally, women do a discreet curtsy and men bow from the neck when they meet the Queen of the United Kingdom. This is no longer required, but citizens of the Commonwealth usually choose to use this greeting. People who are not subjects of the Queen often prefer to use a slight nod instead.
Do not bow from the waist.
2-2. Politely shake the Queen's hand if offered.
The Queen may or may not offer her hand, although there is no special significance to one decision or the other. If she does offer her hand, take it in a brief, gentle handshake.
Do not offer your hand first.
2-3. Wait for Her Majesty to address you.
A good general rule, in fact, is not to initiate an action or conversation until the Queen has addressed you directly. Needless to say, wait until the Queen finishes speaking before you reply.
2-4. Address her as "Your Majesty" the first time in the conversation.
If you are stuck for words, say "Hello, Your Majesty. I am delighted to meet you." Any polite greeting is acceptable, however.
2-5. Address her as "Ma'am" for the rest of the conversation.
For the rest of the conversation, say, "Ma'am," pronounced to rhyme with "jam." You may use the term "Your Majesty" again if you are asking her a question or introducing someone, but "Ma'am" will do most of the time.
2-6. Don't ask personal questions.
Most likely, the Queen will be guiding the conversation. But if you contribute your own small talk, avoid asking her about her family or personal life.
2-7. Don't turn your back on the Queen until the conversation is over.
Remain facing her or standing to the side throughout the conversation. Turn away or leave only when the conversation is over. And of course, don't forget to give her a proper good-bye and thank Her Majesty for the unexpected opportunity.
3. Addressing Queens of Other Nations
3-1. Try to find the specific form of address.
Monarchies often have specific terms of address borne of their countries' traditions. Search online or in etiquette books for the terms of address for the specific monarchy.
3-2. When in doubt, use "Your Majesty."
The term "Your Majesty" is common and unlikely to cause offense. This term is the proper way to address most queens, from Queen Pengiran Anak Saleha of Brunei, to Queen Mathilde of Belgium.
Use "Her Majesty" instead of "her" when writing or speaking about these queens in the third person.
3-3. Address Empresses as "Her Imperial Majesty."
If a monarch's title includes "Empress," or if the nation she heads traditionally considers itself an empire, she should be addressed as "Her Imperial Majesty."
Tips
Officially, there are no required forms of address when interacting with the British Royal Family.[9]
X
Research source
You will not be punished for making a small mistake, and most likely the mistake will not even be acknowledged.
Some etiquette books recommend addressing the Private Secretary of the Queen of the United Kingdom, who handles the Queen's mail. However, the Royal Family officially welcomes direct correspondence.[10]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing a British Queen in a Letter\\n1-1. Decide whether to use traditional forms.\\nAccording to the Royal Family's official policy, you should be free to write in whatever style you like. Politeness and respect will make any letter more kindly received, but that does not necessarily equate to using formal terms. Stay sincere, and do not use the formal terms below if they make you uncomfortable.\\n1-2. Begin the letter with \\\"Madam.\\\"\\nAt the top of your letter, write \\\"Madam,\\\" skip a line, and start writing your letter on the line below it. This is the formal and traditional term of address when writing a letter to the Queen of the United Kingdom.\\n1-3. Conclude the letter with a respectful term.\\nThe traditional written conclusion is I have the honour to be, Madam, Your Majesty's most humble and obedient servant, followed by your name. If you find this conclusion distasteful due to the declaration of servitude, or the insertion of the letter u in honour, consider one of the following respectful conclusions instead:\\nWith greatest respect,\\nYours faithfully,\\nYours sincerely,\\nIf you make a request, end the letter with a thank you and write your name.\\n1-4. Mail the letter.\\nOn the envelope, write the following postal address, using the last line only if you are mailing the letter from outside the UK:\\nThe Queen\\nBuckingham Palace\\nLondon SW1A 1AA\\nUnited Kingdom\\n2. Addressing a British Queen in Person\\n2-1. Make a small curtsy, bow, or nod.\\nTraditionally, women do a discreet curtsy and men bow from the neck when they meet the Queen of the United Kingdom. This is no longer required, but citizens of the Commonwealth usually choose to use this greeting. People who are not subjects of the Queen often prefer to use a slight nod instead.\\nDo not bow from the waist.\\n2-2. Politely shake the Queen's hand if offered.\\nThe Queen may or may not offer her hand, although there is no special significance to one decision or the other. If she does offer her hand, take it in a brief, gentle handshake.\\nDo not offer your hand first.\\n2-3. Wait for Her Majesty to address you.\\nA good general rule, in fact, is not to initiate an action or conversation until the Queen has addressed you directly. Needless to say, wait until the Queen finishes speaking before you reply.\\n2-4. Address her as \\\"Your Majesty\\\" the first time in the conversation.\\nIf you are stuck for words, say \\\"Hello, Your Majesty. I am delighted to meet you.\\\" Any polite greeting is acceptable, however.\\n2-5. Address her as \\\"Ma'am\\\" for the rest of the conversation.\\nFor the rest of the conversation, say, \\\"Ma'am,\\\" pronounced to rhyme with \\\"jam.\\\" You may use the term \\\"Your Majesty\\\" again if you are asking her a question or introducing someone, but \\\"Ma'am\\\" will do most of the time.\\n2-6. Don't ask personal questions.\\nMost likely, the Queen will be guiding the conversation. But if you contribute your own small talk, avoid asking her about her family or personal life.\\n2-7. Don't turn your back on the Queen until the conversation is over.\\nRemain facing her or standing to the side throughout the conversation. Turn away or leave only when the conversation is over. And of course, don't forget to give her a proper good-bye and thank Her Majesty for the unexpected opportunity.\\n3. Addressing Queens of Other Nations\\n3-1. Try to find the specific form of address.\\nMonarchies often have specific terms of address borne of their countries' traditions. Search online or in etiquette books for the terms of address for the specific monarchy.\\n3-2. When in doubt, use \\\"Your Majesty.\\\"\\nThe term \\\"Your Majesty\\\" is common and unlikely to cause offense. This term is the proper way to address most queens, from Queen Pengiran Anak Saleha of Brunei, to Queen Mathilde of Belgium.\\nUse \\\"Her Majesty\\\" instead of \\\"her\\\" when writing or speaking about these queens in the third person.\\n3-3. Address Empresses as \\\"Her Imperial Majesty.\\\"\\nIf a monarch's title includes \\\"Empress,\\\" or if the nation she heads traditionally considers itself an empire, she should be addressed as \\\"Her Imperial Majesty.\\\"\\nTips\\nOfficially, there are no required forms of address when interacting with the British Royal Family.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n You will not be punished for making a small mistake, and most likely the mistake will not even be acknowledged.\\nSome etiquette books recommend addressing the Private Secretary of the Queen of the United Kingdom, who handles the Queen's mail. However, the Royal Family officially welcomes direct correspondence.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"It's a special privilege to get a chance to speak with a queen, so it's only natural that you'd want to get it right. We have all the etiquette tips you need for addressing a queen, whether you're talking to her in person or sending a letter.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing a British Queen in a Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide whether to use traditional forms.\", \"描述\": \"According to the Royal Family's official policy, you should be free to write in whatever style you like. Politeness and respect will make any letter more kindly received, but that does not necessarily equate to using formal terms. Stay sincere, and do not use the formal terms below if they make you uncomfortable.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Begin the letter with \\\"Madam.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"At the top of your letter, write \\\"Madam,\\\" skip a line, and start writing your letter on the line below it. This is the formal and traditional term of address when writing a letter to the Queen of the United Kingdom.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Conclude the letter with a respectful term.\", \"描述\": \"The traditional written conclusion is I have the honour to be, Madam, Your Majesty's most humble and obedient servant, followed by your name. If you find this conclusion distasteful due to the declaration of servitude, or the insertion of the letter u in honour, consider one of the following respectful conclusions instead:\\nWith greatest respect,\\nYours faithfully,\\nYours sincerely,\\nIf you make a request, end the letter with a thank you and write your name.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Mail the letter.\", \"描述\": \"On the envelope, write the following postal address, using the last line only if you are mailing the letter from outside the UK:\\nThe Queen\\nBuckingham Palace\\nLondon SW1A 1AA\\nUnited Kingdom\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a British Queen in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a small curtsy, bow, or nod.\", \"描述\": \"Traditionally, women do a discreet curtsy and men bow from the neck when they meet the Queen of the United Kingdom. This is no longer required, but citizens of the Commonwealth usually choose to use this greeting. People who are not subjects of the Queen often prefer to use a slight nod instead.\\nDo not bow from the waist.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Politely shake the Queen's hand if offered.\", \"描述\": \"The Queen may or may not offer her hand, although there is no special significance to one decision or the other. If she does offer her hand, take it in a brief, gentle handshake.\\nDo not offer your hand first.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wait for Her Majesty to address you.\", \"描述\": \"A good general rule, in fact, is not to initiate an action or conversation until the Queen has addressed you directly. Needless to say, wait until the Queen finishes speaking before you reply.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address her as \\\"Your Majesty\\\" the first time in the conversation.\", \"描述\": \"If you are stuck for words, say \\\"Hello, Your Majesty. I am delighted to meet you.\\\" Any polite greeting is acceptable, however.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Address her as \\\"Ma'am\\\" for the rest of the conversation.\", \"描述\": \"For the rest of the conversation, say, \\\"Ma'am,\\\" pronounced to rhyme with \\\"jam.\\\" You may use the term \\\"Your Majesty\\\" again if you are asking her a question or introducing someone, but \\\"Ma'am\\\" will do most of the time.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Don't ask personal questions.\", \"描述\": \"Most likely, the Queen will be guiding the conversation. But if you contribute your own small talk, avoid asking her about her family or personal life.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Don't turn your back on the Queen until the conversation is over.\", \"描述\": \"Remain facing her or standing to the side throughout the conversation. Turn away or leave only when the conversation is over. And of course, don't forget to give her a proper good-bye and thank Her Majesty for the unexpected opportunity.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing Queens of Other Nations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try to find the specific form of address.\", \"描述\": \"Monarchies often have specific terms of address borne of their countries' traditions. Search online or in etiquette books for the terms of address for the specific monarchy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"When in doubt, use \\\"Your Majesty.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"The term \\\"Your Majesty\\\" is common and unlikely to cause offense. This term is the proper way to address most queens, from Queen Pengiran Anak Saleha of Brunei, to Queen Mathilde of Belgium.\\nUse \\\"Her Majesty\\\" instead of \\\"her\\\" when writing or speaking about these queens in the third person.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address Empresses as \\\"Her Imperial Majesty.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"If a monarch's title includes \\\"Empress,\\\" or if the nation she heads traditionally considers itself an empire, she should be addressed as \\\"Her Imperial Majesty.\\\"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Officially, there are no required forms of address when interacting with the British Royal Family.[9]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n You will not be punished for making a small mistake, and most likely the mistake will not even be acknowledged.\\n\", \"Some etiquette books recommend addressing the Private Secretary of the Queen of the United Kingdom, who handles the Queen's mail. However, the Royal Family officially welcomes direct correspondence.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,274 | How to Address a Resume Envelope | 1. Getting the Right Information
1-1. Follow employer instructions.
Some companies do not want to deal with hard copy resumes, and will specifically request email or other submission. If this is the case, do not send a hard copy resume. If the job ad is not specific, feel free to ask for clarification.
For jobs that aren't specific about email or online only, feel free to mail your resume in anyway. It can be a concrete way to demonstrate your interest in the position beyond simply submitting your application and help you stand out in the crowd. Just make sure you definitely apply as the company requests.
1-2. Get the correct name for the hiring manager.
In some cases, the correct name will be in the job ad, or readily available on the company's website. Not only with your resume get in the hands of someone who will actually be able to act on it, it will also demonstrate that you took the time to research the business and know something about it.
If the name is not easily available, a little sleuthing can track it down. An online search using the company's name and department you want to work in may find it. Additionally, calling the company's main line and asking the receptionist for the name of the manager who oversees the department you are applying to can get it.
Social networks, especially business-related ones like LinkedIn, are also a good way to track down people in certain businesses. You may not get the hiring manager specifically, but find someone who does.
Do not address the envelope to an unnamed "Whom it may concern" or "Person who does the hiring." Your resume may not get through to where it needs to be, and it looks like you did not attempt to learn anything about the company.
1-3. Get the correct mailing address.
Companies may have multiple addresses associated with them, including a mail address, street address, or addresses for different branches and facilities. Make sure you have the correct mailing address before starting your envelope. This address may be on the job ad, or should be available on the company's website. If you are still unsure, call the company and ask.
2. Addressing the Envelope
2-1. Purchase large envelopes.
You want a large envelope because your resume, or a cover letter, should not be bent or folded. These can be white, manila, or matching the paper your resume is on. It does not matter if the envelope does not match the paper your resume is on. As long as the envelope is clean and professional, that should be enough.
2-2. Type the address.
Use a word processor or typewriter. Do not hand-write. A typed address is cleaner and easier to read, and also looks more professional. You can either print the address on a label, or directly on to the envelope.
Some word processing programs have specific formatting for printing envelopes. Using that will make sure your text appears in the right place on the envelope.
If you have trouble printing on an envelope, it might be better to print on a label sheet, and stick that on the envelope. Clear labels can be a nice touch to make it look as though you printed directly on the envelope, but they are not necessary.
2-3. Place the address correctly.
Make sure the recipient's address is in the middle of the envelope, with your name and return address in the upper left-hand corner.
2-4. Proofread.
Make sure you have typed everything correctly, without spelling errors and in the proper order. A mistake on the envelope can create a bad first impression, or worse, will prevent your resume from even arriving to the right place.
2-5. Print on a high quality printer.
You want to make a good impression and get the job, so you should print your envelope with the highest quality machine you can find. If your personal printer doesn't print envelopes, or can't handle high-quality resume paper envelopes, a printing service may be a better option.
3. Preparing the Envelope for Mailing
3-1. Include a cover letter
Make sure your resume also comes with a cover letter briefly introducing yourself and the position you are applying for. A cover letter is a basic professional courtesy, reminds the hiring manager who you are, and can highlight specific strengths in your resume that would be of interest. You don't want a resume to show up unannounced and with no instructions. Otherwise the hiring manager won't know what to do with it, especially if you've never met before.
Address the cover letter to the head of the department you're applying to. Use their full first and last name, and include any titles they have, like Dr.
3-2. Keep the envelope flat.
Once your resume goes in the envelope, you'll want it to stay flat for as long as possible. You can purchase cardboard envelopes, which are thicker and don't bend as easily, or you can use a piece of thin cardboard in the envelope.
You can also add "Do Not Bend" to your envelope as a reminder to the post office. The US Postal Service requires that those words appear above the addressee's name and below the postage. If you add "Do Not Bend," you must also include a stiffener (like cardboard) in the envelope.
3-3. Add proper postage.
If your envelope weighs more than one ounce (and with the cardboard, it probably does), you'll need additional postage. Putting a single stamp, as with a letter, will not do the trick.
Your best bet is to go to the post office and pay directly there, as they will be able to weigh your envelope to determine the correct amount.
Tips
Large resume envelopes that allow you to put your resume and cover letter in without folding them are best and look neat and orderly.
If you make a mistake during the process, throw out the envelope and start again. Getting it right is more important than saving money on paper or envelopes.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Right Information\\n1-1. Follow employer instructions.\\nSome companies do not want to deal with hard copy resumes, and will specifically request email or other submission. If this is the case, do not send a hard copy resume. If the job ad is not specific, feel free to ask for clarification.\\nFor jobs that aren't specific about email or online only, feel free to mail your resume in anyway. It can be a concrete way to demonstrate your interest in the position beyond simply submitting your application and help you stand out in the crowd. Just make sure you definitely apply as the company requests.\\n1-2. Get the correct name for the hiring manager.\\nIn some cases, the correct name will be in the job ad, or readily available on the company's website. Not only with your resume get in the hands of someone who will actually be able to act on it, it will also demonstrate that you took the time to research the business and know something about it.\\nIf the name is not easily available, a little sleuthing can track it down. An online search using the company's name and department you want to work in may find it. Additionally, calling the company's main line and asking the receptionist for the name of the manager who oversees the department you are applying to can get it.\\nSocial networks, especially business-related ones like LinkedIn, are also a good way to track down people in certain businesses. You may not get the hiring manager specifically, but find someone who does.\\nDo not address the envelope to an unnamed \\\"Whom it may concern\\\" or \\\"Person who does the hiring.\\\" Your resume may not get through to where it needs to be, and it looks like you did not attempt to learn anything about the company.\\n1-3. Get the correct mailing address.\\nCompanies may have multiple addresses associated with them, including a mail address, street address, or addresses for different branches and facilities. Make sure you have the correct mailing address before starting your envelope. This address may be on the job ad, or should be available on the company's website. If you are still unsure, call the company and ask.\\n2. Addressing the Envelope\\n2-1. Purchase large envelopes.\\nYou want a large envelope because your resume, or a cover letter, should not be bent or folded. These can be white, manila, or matching the paper your resume is on. It does not matter if the envelope does not match the paper your resume is on. As long as the envelope is clean and professional, that should be enough.\\n2-2. Type the address.\\nUse a word processor or typewriter. Do not hand-write. A typed address is cleaner and easier to read, and also looks more professional. You can either print the address on a label, or directly on to the envelope.\\n\\n Some word processing programs have specific formatting for printing envelopes. Using that will make sure your text appears in the right place on the envelope.\\nIf you have trouble printing on an envelope, it might be better to print on a label sheet, and stick that on the envelope. Clear labels can be a nice touch to make it look as though you printed directly on the envelope, but they are not necessary.\\n2-3. Place the address correctly.\\nMake sure the recipient's address is in the middle of the envelope, with your name and return address in the upper left-hand corner.\\n2-4. Proofread.\\nMake sure you have typed everything correctly, without spelling errors and in the proper order. A mistake on the envelope can create a bad first impression, or worse, will prevent your resume from even arriving to the right place.\\n2-5. Print on a high quality printer.\\nYou want to make a good impression and get the job, so you should print your envelope with the highest quality machine you can find. If your personal printer doesn't print envelopes, or can't handle high-quality resume paper envelopes, a printing service may be a better option.\\n3. Preparing the Envelope for Mailing\\n3-1. Include a cover letter\\nMake sure your resume also comes with a cover letter briefly introducing yourself and the position you are applying for. A cover letter is a basic professional courtesy, reminds the hiring manager who you are, and can highlight specific strengths in your resume that would be of interest. You don't want a resume to show up unannounced and with no instructions. Otherwise the hiring manager won't know what to do with it, especially if you've never met before.\\nAddress the cover letter to the head of the department you're applying to. Use their full first and last name, and include any titles they have, like Dr.\\n3-2. Keep the envelope flat.\\nOnce your resume goes in the envelope, you'll want it to stay flat for as long as possible. You can purchase cardboard envelopes, which are thicker and don't bend as easily, or you can use a piece of thin cardboard in the envelope.\\nYou can also add \\\"Do Not Bend\\\" to your envelope as a reminder to the post office. The US Postal Service requires that those words appear above the addressee's name and below the postage. If you add \\\"Do Not Bend,\\\" you must also include a stiffener (like cardboard) in the envelope.\\n3-3. Add proper postage.\\nIf your envelope weighs more than one ounce (and with the cardboard, it probably does), you'll need additional postage. Putting a single stamp, as with a letter, will not do the trick.\\nYour best bet is to go to the post office and pay directly there, as they will be able to weigh your envelope to determine the correct amount.\\nTips\\nLarge resume envelopes that allow you to put your resume and cover letter in without folding them are best and look neat and orderly.\\nIf you make a mistake during the process, throw out the envelope and start again. Getting it right is more important than saving money on paper or envelopes.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In today's world of computers, Internet, and email, many job seekers send their resumes to potential employers electronically. Though convenient, there are potential problems with sending a resume by email, such as computer and connection issues, messages lost in spam or junk files or busy employers overlooking emails. Sending a resume the traditional way, through the mail, creates a neat professional impression, and starts with a properly addressed envelope. Without this vital first impression looking its best, a resume may end up in the trash.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Right Information\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow employer instructions.\", \"描述\": \"Some companies do not want to deal with hard copy resumes, and will specifically request email or other submission. If this is the case, do not send a hard copy resume. If the job ad is not specific, feel free to ask for clarification.\\nFor jobs that aren't specific about email or online only, feel free to mail your resume in anyway. It can be a concrete way to demonstrate your interest in the position beyond simply submitting your application and help you stand out in the crowd. Just make sure you definitely apply as the company requests.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get the correct name for the hiring manager.\", \"描述\": \"In some cases, the correct name will be in the job ad, or readily available on the company's website. Not only with your resume get in the hands of someone who will actually be able to act on it, it will also demonstrate that you took the time to research the business and know something about it.\\nIf the name is not easily available, a little sleuthing can track it down. An online search using the company's name and department you want to work in may find it. Additionally, calling the company's main line and asking the receptionist for the name of the manager who oversees the department you are applying to can get it.\\nSocial networks, especially business-related ones like LinkedIn, are also a good way to track down people in certain businesses. You may not get the hiring manager specifically, but find someone who does.\\nDo not address the envelope to an unnamed \\\"Whom it may concern\\\" or \\\"Person who does the hiring.\\\" Your resume may not get through to where it needs to be, and it looks like you did not attempt to learn anything about the company.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get the correct mailing address.\", \"描述\": \"Companies may have multiple addresses associated with them, including a mail address, street address, or addresses for different branches and facilities. Make sure you have the correct mailing address before starting your envelope. This address may be on the job ad, or should be available on the company's website. If you are still unsure, call the company and ask.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Purchase large envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"You want a large envelope because your resume, or a cover letter, should not be bent or folded. These can be white, manila, or matching the paper your resume is on. It does not matter if the envelope does not match the paper your resume is on. As long as the envelope is clean and professional, that should be enough.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Type the address.\", \"描述\": \"Use a word processor or typewriter. Do not hand-write. A typed address is cleaner and easier to read, and also looks more professional. You can either print the address on a label, or directly on to the envelope.\\n\\n Some word processing programs have specific formatting for printing envelopes. Using that will make sure your text appears in the right place on the envelope.\\nIf you have trouble printing on an envelope, it might be better to print on a label sheet, and stick that on the envelope. Clear labels can be a nice touch to make it look as though you printed directly on the envelope, but they are not necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place the address correctly.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the recipient's address is in the middle of the envelope, with your name and return address in the upper left-hand corner.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Proofread.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you have typed everything correctly, without spelling errors and in the proper order. A mistake on the envelope can create a bad first impression, or worse, will prevent your resume from even arriving to the right place.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Print on a high quality printer.\", \"描述\": \"You want to make a good impression and get the job, so you should print your envelope with the highest quality machine you can find. If your personal printer doesn't print envelopes, or can't handle high-quality resume paper envelopes, a printing service may be a better option.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Preparing the Envelope for Mailing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Include a cover letter\", \"描述\": \"Make sure your resume also comes with a cover letter briefly introducing yourself and the position you are applying for. A cover letter is a basic professional courtesy, reminds the hiring manager who you are, and can highlight specific strengths in your resume that would be of interest. You don't want a resume to show up unannounced and with no instructions. Otherwise the hiring manager won't know what to do with it, especially if you've never met before.\\nAddress the cover letter to the head of the department you're applying to. Use their full first and last name, and include any titles they have, like Dr.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep the envelope flat.\", \"描述\": \"Once your resume goes in the envelope, you'll want it to stay flat for as long as possible. You can purchase cardboard envelopes, which are thicker and don't bend as easily, or you can use a piece of thin cardboard in the envelope.\\nYou can also add \\\"Do Not Bend\\\" to your envelope as a reminder to the post office. The US Postal Service requires that those words appear above the addressee's name and below the postage. If you add \\\"Do Not Bend,\\\" you must also include a stiffener (like cardboard) in the envelope.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add proper postage.\", \"描述\": \"If your envelope weighs more than one ounce (and with the cardboard, it probably does), you'll need additional postage. Putting a single stamp, as with a letter, will not do the trick.\\nYour best bet is to go to the post office and pay directly there, as they will be able to weigh your envelope to determine the correct amount.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Large resume envelopes that allow you to put your resume and cover letter in without folding them are best and look neat and orderly.\\n\", \"If you make a mistake during the process, throw out the envelope and start again. Getting it right is more important than saving money on paper or envelopes.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,275 | How to Address a Senator | 1. Addressing a Senator in Writing
1-1. Use "The Honorable" on the envelope.
"The Honorable" is a title typically given to elected officials. When writing to a senator, start with the title and then type the senator's first and last name. Proper form also typically includes the senator's middle initial.
For example, if you were writing to Utah Republican Senator Orrin Hatch, you would address the letter to "The Honorable Orrin G. Hatch."
Directly under the senator's name, type "United States Senate."
1-2. Include official titles.
If the senator you're writing is the president of the senate, or the chairman of a committee, type the full title under the senator's name in the address block. Check the senator's web page if you're unsure about any titles you need to include.
The committee title should be directly under the senator's name, above the "United States Senate" line.
You can leave out the title of a committee chair if you're writing for a reason unrelated to that committee's work. However, always include the title if you're writing the president of the senate.
1-3. Use the senator's surname in the salutation.
If you're sending a formal business letter, the address block at the top of the letter will be the same as the address block on the envelope. You'll open the letter by writing "Dear Senator" followed by the senator's last name.
For example, if you're sending a letter to Senator Orrin Hatch, your salutation would read "Dear Senator Hatch." Follow the salutation with a colon and double-space before starting your letter.
1-4. Keep the same form of address with former senators.
Even if a senator retires or is defeated by another candidate, they retain the title of "Senator" and the honorific "The Honorable." It isn't proper to add "Former" in front of "Senator."
If a senator resigned or was removed from office (not simply voted out), you should still address them as "Senator," but you would no longer use "The Honorable."
In writing, the same form of address and honorifics are also used for state senators.
2. Addressing a Senator in Person
2-1. Call a senator by their title and surname.
In a face-to-face meeting with a senator, address them as "Senator" followed by their surname the first time you speak. After that, you can simply call them "Senator" without their surname, or use "sir" or "ma'am."
Although you'll typically be fine addressing a senator this way, exceptions exist. For example, if you're testifying before a committee, you typically would address the committee chair as "Chairman." If you're not sure how to address a senator in context, pay attention to what other people say.
2-2. Use "The Honorable" when making a formal introduction.
You may be called upon to introduce a senator, typically in front of a large group of people or at an event. A formal introduction uses "The Honorable Senator" with the senator's surname, followed by the senator's elected position.
For example, if you were introducing Senator Orrin Hatch, you would say "The Honorable Senator Hatch, Senator from Utah."
2-3. Distinguish state senators from U.S.
senators. When you're at a gathering where both state and U.S. senators are present, refer to state senators as "State Senator" followed by their surname when you first greet them.
If you address them again, use "Mr./Mrs." or "sir/ma'am," rather than the title "Senator" with state senators.
2-4. Adjust to the senator's personal preference.
While you'll never get in trouble for being too polite, some senators aren't comfortable with a formal address. If a senator asks you to call them a different title, or to call them by their first name, follow their preference.
For example, Senator Bill Frist, also a medical doctor, preferred people to call him "Dr. Frist" rather than "Senator Frist."
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing a Senator in Writing\\n1-1. Use \\\"The Honorable\\\" on the envelope.\\n\\\"The Honorable\\\" is a title typically given to elected officials. When writing to a senator, start with the title and then type the senator's first and last name. Proper form also typically includes the senator's middle initial.\\nFor example, if you were writing to Utah Republican Senator Orrin Hatch, you would address the letter to \\\"The Honorable Orrin G. Hatch.\\\"\\nDirectly under the senator's name, type \\\"United States Senate.\\\"\\n1-2. Include official titles.\\nIf the senator you're writing is the president of the senate, or the chairman of a committee, type the full title under the senator's name in the address block. Check the senator's web page if you're unsure about any titles you need to include.\\nThe committee title should be directly under the senator's name, above the \\\"United States Senate\\\" line.\\nYou can leave out the title of a committee chair if you're writing for a reason unrelated to that committee's work. However, always include the title if you're writing the president of the senate.\\n1-3. Use the senator's surname in the salutation.\\nIf you're sending a formal business letter, the address block at the top of the letter will be the same as the address block on the envelope. You'll open the letter by writing \\\"Dear Senator\\\" followed by the senator's last name.\\nFor example, if you're sending a letter to Senator Orrin Hatch, your salutation would read \\\"Dear Senator Hatch.\\\" Follow the salutation with a colon and double-space before starting your letter.\\n1-4. Keep the same form of address with former senators.\\nEven if a senator retires or is defeated by another candidate, they retain the title of \\\"Senator\\\" and the honorific \\\"The Honorable.\\\" It isn't proper to add \\\"Former\\\" in front of \\\"Senator.\\\"\\nIf a senator resigned or was removed from office (not simply voted out), you should still address them as \\\"Senator,\\\" but you would no longer use \\\"The Honorable.\\\"\\nIn writing, the same form of address and honorifics are also used for state senators.\\n2. Addressing a Senator in Person\\n2-1. Call a senator by their title and surname.\\nIn a face-to-face meeting with a senator, address them as \\\"Senator\\\" followed by their surname the first time you speak. After that, you can simply call them \\\"Senator\\\" without their surname, or use \\\"sir\\\" or \\\"ma'am.\\\"\\nAlthough you'll typically be fine addressing a senator this way, exceptions exist. For example, if you're testifying before a committee, you typically would address the committee chair as \\\"Chairman.\\\" If you're not sure how to address a senator in context, pay attention to what other people say.\\n2-2. Use \\\"The Honorable\\\" when making a formal introduction.\\nYou may be called upon to introduce a senator, typically in front of a large group of people or at an event. A formal introduction uses \\\"The Honorable Senator\\\" with the senator's surname, followed by the senator's elected position.\\nFor example, if you were introducing Senator Orrin Hatch, you would say \\\"The Honorable Senator Hatch, Senator from Utah.\\\"\\n2-3. Distinguish state senators from U.S.\\nsenators. When you're at a gathering where both state and U.S. senators are present, refer to state senators as \\\"State Senator\\\" followed by their surname when you first greet them.\\nIf you address them again, use \\\"Mr./Mrs.\\\" or \\\"sir/ma'am,\\\" rather than the title \\\"Senator\\\" with state senators.\\n2-4. Adjust to the senator's personal preference.\\nWhile you'll never get in trouble for being too polite, some senators aren't comfortable with a formal address. If a senator asks you to call them a different title, or to call them by their first name, follow their preference.\\nFor example, Senator Bill Frist, also a medical doctor, preferred people to call him \\\"Dr. Frist\\\" rather than \\\"Senator Frist.\\\"\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"As an active member of the U.S. electorate, you may want to contact your senator to express your opinion on pending legislation or share your viewpoint on a recent event. To address a senator, use official titles and a respectful tone. Follow similar protocol when talking to a senator in person, unless the senator tells you to address them differently.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Senator in Writing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"The Honorable\\\" on the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"\\\"The Honorable\\\" is a title typically given to elected officials. When writing to a senator, start with the title and then type the senator's first and last name. Proper form also typically includes the senator's middle initial.\\nFor example, if you were writing to Utah Republican Senator Orrin Hatch, you would address the letter to \\\"The Honorable Orrin G. Hatch.\\\"\\nDirectly under the senator's name, type \\\"United States Senate.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include official titles.\", \"描述\": \"If the senator you're writing is the president of the senate, or the chairman of a committee, type the full title under the senator's name in the address block. Check the senator's web page if you're unsure about any titles you need to include.\\nThe committee title should be directly under the senator's name, above the \\\"United States Senate\\\" line.\\nYou can leave out the title of a committee chair if you're writing for a reason unrelated to that committee's work. However, always include the title if you're writing the president of the senate.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the senator's surname in the salutation.\", \"描述\": \"If you're sending a formal business letter, the address block at the top of the letter will be the same as the address block on the envelope. You'll open the letter by writing \\\"Dear Senator\\\" followed by the senator's last name.\\nFor example, if you're sending a letter to Senator Orrin Hatch, your salutation would read \\\"Dear Senator Hatch.\\\" Follow the salutation with a colon and double-space before starting your letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep the same form of address with former senators.\", \"描述\": \"Even if a senator retires or is defeated by another candidate, they retain the title of \\\"Senator\\\" and the honorific \\\"The Honorable.\\\" It isn't proper to add \\\"Former\\\" in front of \\\"Senator.\\\"\\nIf a senator resigned or was removed from office (not simply voted out), you should still address them as \\\"Senator,\\\" but you would no longer use \\\"The Honorable.\\\"\\nIn writing, the same form of address and honorifics are also used for state senators.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Senator in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call a senator by their title and surname.\", \"描述\": \"In a face-to-face meeting with a senator, address them as \\\"Senator\\\" followed by their surname the first time you speak. After that, you can simply call them \\\"Senator\\\" without their surname, or use \\\"sir\\\" or \\\"ma'am.\\\"\\nAlthough you'll typically be fine addressing a senator this way, exceptions exist. For example, if you're testifying before a committee, you typically would address the committee chair as \\\"Chairman.\\\" If you're not sure how to address a senator in context, pay attention to what other people say.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"The Honorable\\\" when making a formal introduction.\", \"描述\": \"You may be called upon to introduce a senator, typically in front of a large group of people or at an event. A formal introduction uses \\\"The Honorable Senator\\\" with the senator's surname, followed by the senator's elected position.\\nFor example, if you were introducing Senator Orrin Hatch, you would say \\\"The Honorable Senator Hatch, Senator from Utah.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Distinguish state senators from U.S.\", \"描述\": \"senators. When you're at a gathering where both state and U.S. senators are present, refer to state senators as \\\"State Senator\\\" followed by their surname when you first greet them.\\nIf you address them again, use \\\"Mr./Mrs.\\\" or \\\"sir/ma'am,\\\" rather than the title \\\"Senator\\\" with state senators.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adjust to the senator's personal preference.\", \"描述\": \"While you'll never get in trouble for being too polite, some senators aren't comfortable with a formal address. If a senator asks you to call them a different title, or to call them by their first name, follow their preference.\\nFor example, Senator Bill Frist, also a medical doctor, preferred people to call him \\\"Dr. Frist\\\" rather than \\\"Senator Frist.\\\"\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,276 | How to Address a Student's Problem Behavior | 1. Steps
1-1. Before the educator can develop a strategy to reduce, substitute, or eliminate a problem behavior, the antecedents need to be determined.
For example, a child who is mismatched with the instruction (the material is too difficult or too easy), the lesson is planned poorly and disorganized, or there are adverse influential factors in the classroom setting. All of these situations can cause the child to react in an inappropriate manner. It is the teacher's responsibility to be prepared and make sure that there are no poor transitions or opportunities for the students to be off task. Another influence that might cause misbehaving are cognitive disorders, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). All of these symptoms or reasons as to why students can get off topic is the teacher's responsibility to address and prevent them from happening.
1-2. Noticing the behavioral disorders and recognizing them before they occur is beneficial in preventing and reducing misbehaving.
They become apparent when the student displays a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that results in significant disruption in other students. Such disturbances may cause significant impairments in academic and/or social functioning. When adjusting and recognizing inappropriate behaviors early on, students can learn strategies to cope with adverse situations that result in problem behaviors since such a behavior pattern is consistent throughout the individuals life.
The characteristics of a behavioral disorder among children and adolescents are: Initiation of aggressive behavior and reacting aggressively towards others, a display of bullying, threatening, or intimidating behavior, being physically abusive of others, deliberate destruction of someone else's property, showing little empathy, concern for the feelings, wishes, and well being of others, showing callous behavior towards others, and lack of feelings of guilt or remorse, they may readily inform on their companions and tend to blame others for their own misdeeds.
1-3. Basic Outline of steps in reducing problem behaviors:
Identify the specifics of the problem behavior and the conditions that prompt and reinforce it. Monitor in which conditions does the problem behavior occur and not occur. Find effective and efficient intervention strategies that respond to the needs of the individual student within the classroom.
Modify the classroom environment to decrease problem behavior by rearranging environment, schedule or learning activities to meet the students needs. Also, individually adapt instruction to promote high rates of student engagement and on-task behavior.
Teach and reinforce new skills to increase appropriate behavior and preserve a positive classroom climate. Actively teach students socially and behaviorally, appropriate skills to replace problem behaviors using strategies focused on both individual students and the whole classroom.
Draw on relationships with professional colleagues and students’ families for continued guidance and support.
Assess whether school wide behavior problems warrant adopting schoolwide strategies or programs, and if so, implement ones shown to reduce negative and foster positive interactions.
1-4. When trying to boost students rates of on-task behavior:
Capture students attention before giving directions, such as direct eye contact
Keep students guessing through class participation
Proximity control
Give opportunities for choice
Provide attention breaks
Reduce length of assignments
Transition quickly
Tips
Use one-on-one teaching, which often proves to be time-efficient.
Use well-paced learning activities, so that there is no downtime for the students to get off-task. Students will also not feel as if they have to cram because they are rushed during a lesson, which generally causes less anxious feelings.
Use activities that relate to learning objectives that the children deem as worthwhile and appropriate to what they are learning and discussing, not just to be busy work or to maintain order in the classroom.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Before the educator can develop a strategy to reduce, substitute, or eliminate a problem behavior, the antecedents need to be determined.\\nFor example, a child who is mismatched with the instruction (the material is too difficult or too easy), the lesson is planned poorly and disorganized, or there are adverse influential factors in the classroom setting. All of these situations can cause the child to react in an inappropriate manner. It is the teacher's responsibility to be prepared and make sure that there are no poor transitions or opportunities for the students to be off task. Another influence that might cause misbehaving are cognitive disorders, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). All of these symptoms or reasons as to why students can get off topic is the teacher's responsibility to address and prevent them from happening.\\n1-2. Noticing the behavioral disorders and recognizing them before they occur is beneficial in preventing and reducing misbehaving.\\nThey become apparent when the student displays a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that results in significant disruption in other students. Such disturbances may cause significant impairments in academic and/or social functioning. When adjusting and recognizing inappropriate behaviors early on, students can learn strategies to cope with adverse situations that result in problem behaviors since such a behavior pattern is consistent throughout the individuals life.\\nThe characteristics of a behavioral disorder among children and adolescents are: Initiation of aggressive behavior and reacting aggressively towards others, a display of bullying, threatening, or intimidating behavior, being physically abusive of others, deliberate destruction of someone else's property, showing little empathy, concern for the feelings, wishes, and well being of others, showing callous behavior towards others, and lack of feelings of guilt or remorse, they may readily inform on their companions and tend to blame others for their own misdeeds.\\n1-3. Basic Outline of steps in reducing problem behaviors:\\nIdentify the specifics of the problem behavior and the conditions that prompt and reinforce it. Monitor in which conditions does the problem behavior occur and not occur. Find effective and efficient intervention strategies that respond to the needs of the individual student within the classroom.\\nModify the classroom environment to decrease problem behavior by rearranging environment, schedule or learning activities to meet the students needs. Also, individually adapt instruction to promote high rates of student engagement and on-task behavior.\\nTeach and reinforce new skills to increase appropriate behavior and preserve a positive classroom climate. Actively teach students socially and behaviorally, appropriate skills to replace problem behaviors using strategies focused on both individual students and the whole classroom.\\nDraw on relationships with professional colleagues and students’ families for continued guidance and support.\\nAssess whether school wide behavior problems warrant adopting schoolwide strategies or programs, and if so, implement ones shown to reduce negative and foster positive interactions.\\n1-4. When trying to boost students rates of on-task behavior:\\nCapture students attention before giving directions, such as direct eye contact\\nKeep students guessing through class participation\\nProximity control\\nGive opportunities for choice\\nProvide attention breaks\\nReduce length of assignments\\nTransition quickly\\nTips\\nUse one-on-one teaching, which often proves to be time-efficient.\\nUse well-paced learning activities, so that there is no downtime for the students to get off-task. Students will also not feel as if they have to cram because they are rushed during a lesson, which generally causes less anxious feelings.\\nUse activities that relate to learning objectives that the children deem as worthwhile and appropriate to what they are learning and discussing, not just to be busy work or to maintain order in the classroom.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Students with behavioral and academic difficulties typically have limited awareness and understanding of their own behavior and its effects on others. As an educator, it is imperative for them to monitor, address, and develop strategies for both the teacher and student to implement into the daily routine to reduce and substitute the problem behavior with an accepted replacement behavior.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Before the educator can develop a strategy to reduce, substitute, or eliminate a problem behavior, the antecedents need to be determined.\", \"描述\": \"For example, a child who is mismatched with the instruction (the material is too difficult or too easy), the lesson is planned poorly and disorganized, or there are adverse influential factors in the classroom setting. All of these situations can cause the child to react in an inappropriate manner. It is the teacher's responsibility to be prepared and make sure that there are no poor transitions or opportunities for the students to be off task. Another influence that might cause misbehaving are cognitive disorders, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). All of these symptoms or reasons as to why students can get off topic is the teacher's responsibility to address and prevent them from happening.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Noticing the behavioral disorders and recognizing them before they occur is beneficial in preventing and reducing misbehaving.\", \"描述\": \"They become apparent when the student displays a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that results in significant disruption in other students. Such disturbances may cause significant impairments in academic and/or social functioning. When adjusting and recognizing inappropriate behaviors early on, students can learn strategies to cope with adverse situations that result in problem behaviors since such a behavior pattern is consistent throughout the individuals life.\\nThe characteristics of a behavioral disorder among children and adolescents are: Initiation of aggressive behavior and reacting aggressively towards others, a display of bullying, threatening, or intimidating behavior, being physically abusive of others, deliberate destruction of someone else's property, showing little empathy, concern for the feelings, wishes, and well being of others, showing callous behavior towards others, and lack of feelings of guilt or remorse, they may readily inform on their companions and tend to blame others for their own misdeeds.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Basic Outline of steps in reducing problem behaviors:\", \"描述\": \"Identify the specifics of the problem behavior and the conditions that prompt and reinforce it. Monitor in which conditions does the problem behavior occur and not occur. Find effective and efficient intervention strategies that respond to the needs of the individual student within the classroom.\\nModify the classroom environment to decrease problem behavior by rearranging environment, schedule or learning activities to meet the students needs. Also, individually adapt instruction to promote high rates of student engagement and on-task behavior.\\nTeach and reinforce new skills to increase appropriate behavior and preserve a positive classroom climate. Actively teach students socially and behaviorally, appropriate skills to replace problem behaviors using strategies focused on both individual students and the whole classroom.\\nDraw on relationships with professional colleagues and students’ families for continued guidance and support.\\nAssess whether school wide behavior problems warrant adopting schoolwide strategies or programs, and if so, implement ones shown to reduce negative and foster positive interactions.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"When trying to boost students rates of on-task behavior:\", \"描述\": \"Capture students attention before giving directions, such as direct eye contact\\nKeep students guessing through class participation\\nProximity control\\nGive opportunities for choice\\nProvide attention breaks\\nReduce length of assignments\\nTransition quickly\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Use one-on-one teaching, which often proves to be time-efficient.\\n\", \"Use well-paced learning activities, so that there is no downtime for the students to get off-task. Students will also not feel as if they have to cram because they are rushed during a lesson, which generally causes less anxious feelings.\\n\", \"Use activities that relate to learning objectives that the children deem as worthwhile and appropriate to what they are learning and discussing, not just to be busy work or to maintain order in the classroom.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,277 | How to Address a Widow | 1. Following Traditional Practices
1-1. Write “Mrs.”
This is the most traditional approach and an appropriate default if you’re unable to ask the widow personally what she prefers. Typically, a widow retains and continues to be addressed by her spouse’s full name until she remarries or requests otherwise.
For example, if the widow’s deceased spouse’s name was Richard Hoffman, address the envelope to “Mrs. Richard Hoffman.”
1-2. Use “Mrs.”
When addressing an invitation or other personal correspondence, “Mrs.” followed by the spouse’s full name is traditional and preferred. However, in business correspondence, it’s more appropriate to follow “Mrs.” with her first name and married last name.
For example, address the widow of Richard Hoffman as “Mrs. Anna Hoffman.”
Address the widow of Kimberley Bertrand as "Mrs. Stacy Bertrand."
Business correspondence could include letters to donors, constituents, members, patients, or customers.
1-3. Use "Mrs."
Unless you are very close to the widow, address her with the formal title "Mrs." followed by her married last name. If you knew her before her spouse passed away, you will probably still address her the exact same way as before. Unless she requests otherwise, continue referring to her this way.
For example: "How are you today, Mrs. Hoffman?" or "Mrs. Bertrand, may I ask a question about chapter 14?"
1-4. Use her family title followed by her married last name.
If your grandfather passed away, continue referring to your grandmother by her familial title followed by her last name. Unless directed otherwise, address her exactly as you did before your grandfather passed away.
For example: "Grandma Hoffman, are you coming to town for the holidays?" or "Would you like to come with us to the movies, Mrs. Stacy Bertrand?"
1-5. Use her first name and married last name in general situations.
A widow’s married last name doesn’t revert back to her maiden name when her spouse dies. Her last name will continue to be her married name unless she officially changes it or remarries. If you’re not sure what to use, use her first name followed by her married last name. This form is appropriate in formal, public situations.
For example: "Anna Hoffman, Dr. Smith is ready to see you now."
2. Taking Cues or Asking Directly
2-1. Avoid using “Ms.”
Typically, this form of address is not used unless the widow specifically asks to be addressed that way. For instance, if many years have passed since her spouse died, or if she’s dating someone new, she may want to drop her spouse's full name. The only way to know for certain is to ask her.
For example: "Hi Aunt Anna! I am mailing you an invitation to Maddox's christening, and I want to make sure I address it properly. I know you've been dating Darrell for several years now; should I stop using 'Mrs.' and Uncle Richard's first name when addressing mail to you?"
2-2. Follow the widow’s lead if she’s written to you before.
If you’ve received correspondence from the widow since her spouse’s passing, check the return address to see how she referred to herself. Using the name that she used is a good approach, especially if you feel too awkward to bring up such a difficult topic with her directly.
Check the upper left hand corner of the envelope for the return address. Her preferred name will most likely be written there.
If the correspondence is formal or business related rather than personal, check the letter itself. If she signed off on the letter, her preferred form may be there. For example, "Sincerely, Mrs. Anna Hoffman."
2-3. Ask the widow directly which form she prefers.
If you have a personal relationship with the widow and feel comfortable doing so, simply ask her how she would like to be addressed in the future. It’s a difficult topic to bring up, but it’s better for her to receive correspondence that is addressed to her properly.
You could say: “Hi Aunt Anna! I’m getting ready to mail you a wedding invitation, and I want to make sure I address it properly. Do you still go by Uncle Richard’s full name in correspondence?”
Tips
If the widow has a doctoral degree or is a physician, her proper title is Dr., rather than Mrs.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Following Traditional Practices\\n1-1. Write “Mrs.”\\nThis is the most traditional approach and an appropriate default if you’re unable to ask the widow personally what she prefers. Typically, a widow retains and continues to be addressed by her spouse’s full name until she remarries or requests otherwise.\\nFor example, if the widow’s deceased spouse’s name was Richard Hoffman, address the envelope to “Mrs. Richard Hoffman.”\\n1-2. Use “Mrs.”\\nWhen addressing an invitation or other personal correspondence, “Mrs.” followed by the spouse’s full name is traditional and preferred. However, in business correspondence, it’s more appropriate to follow “Mrs.” with her first name and married last name.\\nFor example, address the widow of Richard Hoffman as “Mrs. Anna Hoffman.”\\nAddress the widow of Kimberley Bertrand as \\\"Mrs. Stacy Bertrand.\\\"\\nBusiness correspondence could include letters to donors, constituents, members, patients, or customers.\\n1-3. Use \\\"Mrs.\\\"\\nUnless you are very close to the widow, address her with the formal title \\\"Mrs.\\\" followed by her married last name. If you knew her before her spouse passed away, you will probably still address her the exact same way as before. Unless she requests otherwise, continue referring to her this way.\\nFor example: \\\"How are you today, Mrs. Hoffman?\\\" or \\\"Mrs. Bertrand, may I ask a question about chapter 14?\\\"\\n1-4. Use her family title followed by her married last name.\\nIf your grandfather passed away, continue referring to your grandmother by her familial title followed by her last name. Unless directed otherwise, address her exactly as you did before your grandfather passed away.\\nFor example: \\\"Grandma Hoffman, are you coming to town for the holidays?\\\" or \\\"Would you like to come with us to the movies, Mrs. Stacy Bertrand?\\\"\\n1-5. Use her first name and married last name in general situations.\\nA widow’s married last name doesn’t revert back to her maiden name when her spouse dies. Her last name will continue to be her married name unless she officially changes it or remarries. If you’re not sure what to use, use her first name followed by her married last name. This form is appropriate in formal, public situations.\\nFor example: \\\"Anna Hoffman, Dr. Smith is ready to see you now.\\\"\\n2. Taking Cues or Asking Directly\\n2-1. Avoid using “Ms.”\\nTypically, this form of address is not used unless the widow specifically asks to be addressed that way. For instance, if many years have passed since her spouse died, or if she’s dating someone new, she may want to drop her spouse's full name. The only way to know for certain is to ask her.\\nFor example: \\\"Hi Aunt Anna! I am mailing you an invitation to Maddox's christening, and I want to make sure I address it properly. I know you've been dating Darrell for several years now; should I stop using 'Mrs.' and Uncle Richard's first name when addressing mail to you?\\\"\\n2-2. Follow the widow’s lead if she’s written to you before.\\nIf you’ve received correspondence from the widow since her spouse’s passing, check the return address to see how she referred to herself. Using the name that she used is a good approach, especially if you feel too awkward to bring up such a difficult topic with her directly.\\nCheck the upper left hand corner of the envelope for the return address. Her preferred name will most likely be written there.\\nIf the correspondence is formal or business related rather than personal, check the letter itself. If she signed off on the letter, her preferred form may be there. For example, \\\"Sincerely, Mrs. Anna Hoffman.\\\"\\n2-3. Ask the widow directly which form she prefers.\\nIf you have a personal relationship with the widow and feel comfortable doing so, simply ask her how she would like to be addressed in the future. It’s a difficult topic to bring up, but it’s better for her to receive correspondence that is addressed to her properly.\\nYou could say: “Hi Aunt Anna! I’m getting ready to mail you a wedding invitation, and I want to make sure I address it properly. Do you still go by Uncle Richard’s full name in correspondence?”\\nTips\\nIf the widow has a doctoral degree or is a physician, her proper title is Dr., rather than Mrs.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There is no legal or universally correct way to address a married woman after her spouse passes away. If you need to address a widow in correspondence, you may feel uncertain and even nervous about which form of her name to use. The most traditional approach is using \\\"Mrs.\\\" followed by her spouse's full name. In business correspondence, it's better to use her first name instead of her deceased spouse's. If you feel comfortable enough, you can ask the widow what she prefers.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Following Traditional Practices\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write “Mrs.”\", \"描述\": \"This is the most traditional approach and an appropriate default if you’re unable to ask the widow personally what she prefers. Typically, a widow retains and continues to be addressed by her spouse’s full name until she remarries or requests otherwise.\\nFor example, if the widow’s deceased spouse’s name was Richard Hoffman, address the envelope to “Mrs. Richard Hoffman.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use “Mrs.”\", \"描述\": \"When addressing an invitation or other personal correspondence, “Mrs.” followed by the spouse’s full name is traditional and preferred. However, in business correspondence, it’s more appropriate to follow “Mrs.” with her first name and married last name.\\nFor example, address the widow of Richard Hoffman as “Mrs. Anna Hoffman.”\\nAddress the widow of Kimberley Bertrand as \\\"Mrs. Stacy Bertrand.\\\"\\nBusiness correspondence could include letters to donors, constituents, members, patients, or customers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"Mrs.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"Unless you are very close to the widow, address her with the formal title \\\"Mrs.\\\" followed by her married last name. If you knew her before her spouse passed away, you will probably still address her the exact same way as before. Unless she requests otherwise, continue referring to her this way.\\nFor example: \\\"How are you today, Mrs. Hoffman?\\\" or \\\"Mrs. Bertrand, may I ask a question about chapter 14?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use her family title followed by her married last name.\", \"描述\": \"If your grandfather passed away, continue referring to your grandmother by her familial title followed by her last name. Unless directed otherwise, address her exactly as you did before your grandfather passed away.\\nFor example: \\\"Grandma Hoffman, are you coming to town for the holidays?\\\" or \\\"Would you like to come with us to the movies, Mrs. Stacy Bertrand?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use her first name and married last name in general situations.\", \"描述\": \"A widow’s married last name doesn’t revert back to her maiden name when her spouse dies. Her last name will continue to be her married name unless she officially changes it or remarries. If you’re not sure what to use, use her first name followed by her married last name. This form is appropriate in formal, public situations.\\nFor example: \\\"Anna Hoffman, Dr. Smith is ready to see you now.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking Cues or Asking Directly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid using “Ms.”\", \"描述\": \"Typically, this form of address is not used unless the widow specifically asks to be addressed that way. For instance, if many years have passed since her spouse died, or if she’s dating someone new, she may want to drop her spouse's full name. The only way to know for certain is to ask her.\\nFor example: \\\"Hi Aunt Anna! I am mailing you an invitation to Maddox's christening, and I want to make sure I address it properly. I know you've been dating Darrell for several years now; should I stop using 'Mrs.' and Uncle Richard's first name when addressing mail to you?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow the widow’s lead if she’s written to you before.\", \"描述\": \"If you’ve received correspondence from the widow since her spouse’s passing, check the return address to see how she referred to herself. Using the name that she used is a good approach, especially if you feel too awkward to bring up such a difficult topic with her directly.\\nCheck the upper left hand corner of the envelope for the return address. Her preferred name will most likely be written there.\\nIf the correspondence is formal or business related rather than personal, check the letter itself. If she signed off on the letter, her preferred form may be there. For example, \\\"Sincerely, Mrs. Anna Hoffman.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask the widow directly which form she prefers.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a personal relationship with the widow and feel comfortable doing so, simply ask her how she would like to be addressed in the future. It’s a difficult topic to bring up, but it’s better for her to receive correspondence that is addressed to her properly.\\nYou could say: “Hi Aunt Anna! I’m getting ready to mail you a wedding invitation, and I want to make sure I address it properly. Do you still go by Uncle Richard’s full name in correspondence?”\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If the widow has a doctoral degree or is a physician, her proper title is Dr., rather than Mrs.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,278 | How to Address a Woman in a Business Letter | 1. Choosing The Correct Title
1-1. Confirm if you know the recipient's name.
If you know the recipient's name, proceed to the following steps. If not, read the remainder of this step.
It sometimes occurs that you will need to address a women without knowing her name. In this case, use Dear Madam. If you are not aware of the gender either, you can use "To whom it may concern".
1-2. Determine if the recipient has a professional title or designation.
If the woman you are sending the business letter to has some professional designation or title, be sure to address her accordingly. In this case, referring to gender is not necessary.
Start with a formal salutation such as “Dear” and follow it by the job title of the intended reader, followed by their full name. If you do not know if the reader has a formal title, be sure to look it up first by searching the organizations website or asking somebody. By using the job title of the intended reader you can avoid having to worry about using gender-specific titles.
For example, if you're writing a business letter to an Inspector, your business letter salutation would be “Dear Inspector”. This alone could be the entire salutation, or “Dear Inspector” could be followed by the intended reader's last name. The same would apply if the woman if a Doctor, and in this case, the letter could begin with "Dear Dr.Johnson", for example.
Use the correct salutation for a minister. Use the minister's first and last name in the address in the form, "Reverend Jane Doe," or "Pastor Jane Doe." In the salutation, it is acceptable to abbreviate the term "Reverend" but not the term "Pastor," so you would use the form, "Dear Rev. Doe," or "Dear Pastor Doe.
The correct salutation for an attorney is “Mrs./Ms/Mr. [First & Last Name], Esquire”, or “Mrs./Ms/Mr. [First & Last Name], Esq.”
1-3. Confirm if you know the recipient's marital status or not.
The proper salutation of a woman depends largely on her marital status. If you are unsure of the recipient's marital status, and she does not have a formal title or professional designation, it is possible to use "Dear [the first and last name of the recipient]. For example, Dear Jennifer Johnson.
In addition, it is also possible to use "Ms." for women whose marital status you are unsure of.
1-4. Use the following titles if you do know the recipient's marital status.
There are three basic ways to address a woman.
"Mrs.” is used for married women.
"Ms.” is used for both married and unmarried women. Use this formal title when the woman's marital status is unknown or irrelevant.
"Miss.” is used for unmarried women. Avoid using this formal title because its use is often considered to be condescending to the reader, especially when used to address an older woman.
2. Polishing Your Greeting
2-1. Ensure you are using the proper level of formality.
The use of the titles “Mr.”, “Mrs”, “Miss” or “Ms.” before a full name or last name, is a relatively formal practice, and there are certain circumstances whereby you would use that level of formality, and when you would not."
If you have a pre-existing relationship with the reader, or the circumstances dictate that the letter not be exceptionally formal, it is possible to not use the formal titles. For example, if you are contacting a business partner or someone whom you know or have a relationship with, you can simply use Dear [First Name] rather than a formal title.
A formal title should always be used when the formal salutation only includes the intended reader's last name, ie. "Mrs./Ms/Mr. [Last Name]". A formal title may not be necessary when using both the first and last name.
Be cautious with using no formal title. Avoid using a woman's first name in the salutation, unless you know her well. Otherwise, a formal salutation should be used, followed by a colon in order to avoid a false presumption of intimacy. For example, "Dear Ms. Brown:" or Dear Ms. Lucy Brown:”, should be used instead of "Dear Lucy.
2-2. Verify the proper spelling of the intended reader's name.
A name can often be used to determine the intended reader's gender, which will help you to decide which formal title to address the reader by. Even if you have the businesswoman's name, you should still make sure the name is spelled correctly in order to avoid offending the reader in the first few sentences of your letter.
A receptionist or human resource employee of the intended reader can verify the proper and correct spelling of the intended reader's name and functional title.
When writing a business letter to an unknown party, you should attempt to verify the proper spelling of the intended reader's name in order to determine gender, and thus the necessary formal title.
2-3. Ensure you are adhering to proper punctuation.
There are certain punctuation rules surrounding both the title (Mrs, Miss ,Ms) and the salutation (Dear).
In American English, the titles are usually written followed by a period. For example "Dear Ms. Johnson". In British English, periods are typically not used. For example, "Dear Ms Johnson".
In American English a colon typically follows the person's name. For example, "Dear Ms. Johnson: ". In British English, no colon is used, so it would read "Dear Ms Johnson".
Tips
After the salutation, always leave one line blank. This is the correct formatting for a business letter.
Warnings
Never use "To Whom It May Concern." This phrase is overused and will appear too generic to the reader. If you don't know the correct name, contact the business or organization to find out.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Choosing The Correct Title\\n1-1. Confirm if you know the recipient's name.\\nIf you know the recipient's name, proceed to the following steps. If not, read the remainder of this step.\\nIt sometimes occurs that you will need to address a women without knowing her name. In this case, use Dear Madam. If you are not aware of the gender either, you can use \\\"To whom it may concern\\\".\\n1-2. Determine if the recipient has a professional title or designation.\\nIf the woman you are sending the business letter to has some professional designation or title, be sure to address her accordingly. In this case, referring to gender is not necessary.\\nStart with a formal salutation such as “Dear” and follow it by the job title of the intended reader, followed by their full name. If you do not know if the reader has a formal title, be sure to look it up first by searching the organizations website or asking somebody. By using the job title of the intended reader you can avoid having to worry about using gender-specific titles.\\nFor example, if you're writing a business letter to an Inspector, your business letter salutation would be “Dear Inspector”. This alone could be the entire salutation, or “Dear Inspector” could be followed by the intended reader's last name. The same would apply if the woman if a Doctor, and in this case, the letter could begin with \\\"Dear Dr.Johnson\\\", for example.\\nUse the correct salutation for a minister. Use the minister's first and last name in the address in the form, \\\"Reverend Jane Doe,\\\" or \\\"Pastor Jane Doe.\\\" In the salutation, it is acceptable to abbreviate the term \\\"Reverend\\\" but not the term \\\"Pastor,\\\" so you would use the form, \\\"Dear Rev. Doe,\\\" or \\\"Dear Pastor Doe.\\nThe correct salutation for an attorney is “Mrs./Ms/Mr. [First & Last Name], Esquire”, or “Mrs./Ms/Mr. [First & Last Name], Esq.”\\n1-3. Confirm if you know the recipient's marital status or not.\\nThe proper salutation of a woman depends largely on her marital status. If you are unsure of the recipient's marital status, and she does not have a formal title or professional designation, it is possible to use \\\"Dear [the first and last name of the recipient]. For example, Dear Jennifer Johnson.\\nIn addition, it is also possible to use \\\"Ms.\\\" for women whose marital status you are unsure of.\\n1-4. Use the following titles if you do know the recipient's marital status.\\nThere are three basic ways to address a woman.\\n\\\"Mrs.” is used for married women.\\n\\\"Ms.” is used for both married and unmarried women. Use this formal title when the woman's marital status is unknown or irrelevant.\\n\\\"Miss.” is used for unmarried women. Avoid using this formal title because its use is often considered to be condescending to the reader, especially when used to address an older woman.\\n2. Polishing Your Greeting\\n2-1. Ensure you are using the proper level of formality.\\nThe use of the titles “Mr.”, “Mrs”, “Miss” or “Ms.” before a full name or last name, is a relatively formal practice, and there are certain circumstances whereby you would use that level of formality, and when you would not.\\\"\\nIf you have a pre-existing relationship with the reader, or the circumstances dictate that the letter not be exceptionally formal, it is possible to not use the formal titles. For example, if you are contacting a business partner or someone whom you know or have a relationship with, you can simply use Dear [First Name] rather than a formal title.\\nA formal title should always be used when the formal salutation only includes the intended reader's last name, ie. \\\"Mrs./Ms/Mr. [Last Name]\\\". A formal title may not be necessary when using both the first and last name.\\nBe cautious with using no formal title. Avoid using a woman's first name in the salutation, unless you know her well. Otherwise, a formal salutation should be used, followed by a colon in order to avoid a false presumption of intimacy. For example, \\\"Dear Ms. Brown:\\\" or Dear Ms. Lucy Brown:”, should be used instead of \\\"Dear Lucy.\\n2-2. Verify the proper spelling of the intended reader's name.\\nA name can often be used to determine the intended reader's gender, which will help you to decide which formal title to address the reader by. Even if you have the businesswoman's name, you should still make sure the name is spelled correctly in order to avoid offending the reader in the first few sentences of your letter.\\nA receptionist or human resource employee of the intended reader can verify the proper and correct spelling of the intended reader's name and functional title.\\nWhen writing a business letter to an unknown party, you should attempt to verify the proper spelling of the intended reader's name in order to determine gender, and thus the necessary formal title.\\n2-3. Ensure you are adhering to proper punctuation.\\nThere are certain punctuation rules surrounding both the title (Mrs, Miss ,Ms) and the salutation (Dear).\\nIn American English, the titles are usually written followed by a period. For example \\\"Dear Ms. Johnson\\\". In British English, periods are typically not used. For example, \\\"Dear Ms Johnson\\\".\\nIn American English a colon typically follows the person's name. For example, \\\"Dear Ms. Johnson: \\\". In British English, no colon is used, so it would read \\\"Dear Ms Johnson\\\".\\nTips\\nAfter the salutation, always leave one line blank. This is the correct formatting for a business letter.\\nWarnings\\nNever use \\\"To Whom It May Concern.\\\" This phrase is overused and will appear too generic to the reader. If you don't know the correct name, contact the business or organization to find out.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A business letter uses a formal tone, and has specific requirements for salutations -- greetings that specifically reference the intended reader. An improperly drafted business letter could offend a potential employer, client or partner and damage your business relationship as a result. When you address a woman in a business letter, you should always use any professional title she may have (such as \\\"Dr. or \\\"Rev.\\\"); if she does not have a professional title, use a general title based on her marital status: \\\"Ms.\\\" when she is unmarried or if her marital status is unknown, or \\\"Mrs.\\\" if you know she's married.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choosing The Correct Title\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Confirm if you know the recipient's name.\", \"描述\": \"If you know the recipient's name, proceed to the following steps. If not, read the remainder of this step.\\nIt sometimes occurs that you will need to address a women without knowing her name. In this case, use Dear Madam. If you are not aware of the gender either, you can use \\\"To whom it may concern\\\".\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine if the recipient has a professional title or designation.\", \"描述\": \"If the woman you are sending the business letter to has some professional designation or title, be sure to address her accordingly. In this case, referring to gender is not necessary.\\nStart with a formal salutation such as “Dear” and follow it by the job title of the intended reader, followed by their full name. If you do not know if the reader has a formal title, be sure to look it up first by searching the organizations website or asking somebody. By using the job title of the intended reader you can avoid having to worry about using gender-specific titles.\\nFor example, if you're writing a business letter to an Inspector, your business letter salutation would be “Dear Inspector”. This alone could be the entire salutation, or “Dear Inspector” could be followed by the intended reader's last name. The same would apply if the woman if a Doctor, and in this case, the letter could begin with \\\"Dear Dr.Johnson\\\", for example.\\nUse the correct salutation for a minister. Use the minister's first and last name in the address in the form, \\\"Reverend Jane Doe,\\\" or \\\"Pastor Jane Doe.\\\" In the salutation, it is acceptable to abbreviate the term \\\"Reverend\\\" but not the term \\\"Pastor,\\\" so you would use the form, \\\"Dear Rev. Doe,\\\" or \\\"Dear Pastor Doe.\\nThe correct salutation for an attorney is “Mrs./Ms/Mr. [First & Last Name], Esquire”, or “Mrs./Ms/Mr. [First & Last Name], Esq.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Confirm if you know the recipient's marital status or not.\", \"描述\": \"The proper salutation of a woman depends largely on her marital status. If you are unsure of the recipient's marital status, and she does not have a formal title or professional designation, it is possible to use \\\"Dear [the first and last name of the recipient]. For example, Dear Jennifer Johnson.\\nIn addition, it is also possible to use \\\"Ms.\\\" for women whose marital status you are unsure of.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use the following titles if you do know the recipient's marital status.\", \"描述\": \"There are three basic ways to address a woman.\\n\\\"Mrs.” is used for married women.\\n\\\"Ms.” is used for both married and unmarried women. Use this formal title when the woman's marital status is unknown or irrelevant.\\n\\\"Miss.” is used for unmarried women. Avoid using this formal title because its use is often considered to be condescending to the reader, especially when used to address an older woman.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Polishing Your Greeting\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ensure you are using the proper level of formality.\", \"描述\": \"The use of the titles “Mr.”, “Mrs”, “Miss” or “Ms.” before a full name or last name, is a relatively formal practice, and there are certain circumstances whereby you would use that level of formality, and when you would not.\\\"\\nIf you have a pre-existing relationship with the reader, or the circumstances dictate that the letter not be exceptionally formal, it is possible to not use the formal titles. For example, if you are contacting a business partner or someone whom you know or have a relationship with, you can simply use Dear [First Name] rather than a formal title.\\nA formal title should always be used when the formal salutation only includes the intended reader's last name, ie. \\\"Mrs./Ms/Mr. [Last Name]\\\". A formal title may not be necessary when using both the first and last name.\\nBe cautious with using no formal title. Avoid using a woman's first name in the salutation, unless you know her well. Otherwise, a formal salutation should be used, followed by a colon in order to avoid a false presumption of intimacy. For example, \\\"Dear Ms. Brown:\\\" or Dear Ms. Lucy Brown:”, should be used instead of \\\"Dear Lucy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Verify the proper spelling of the intended reader's name.\", \"描述\": \"A name can often be used to determine the intended reader's gender, which will help you to decide which formal title to address the reader by. Even if you have the businesswoman's name, you should still make sure the name is spelled correctly in order to avoid offending the reader in the first few sentences of your letter.\\nA receptionist or human resource employee of the intended reader can verify the proper and correct spelling of the intended reader's name and functional title.\\nWhen writing a business letter to an unknown party, you should attempt to verify the proper spelling of the intended reader's name in order to determine gender, and thus the necessary formal title.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ensure you are adhering to proper punctuation.\", \"描述\": \"There are certain punctuation rules surrounding both the title (Mrs, Miss ,Ms) and the salutation (Dear).\\nIn American English, the titles are usually written followed by a period. For example \\\"Dear Ms. Johnson\\\". In British English, periods are typically not used. For example, \\\"Dear Ms Johnson\\\".\\nIn American English a colon typically follows the person's name. For example, \\\"Dear Ms. Johnson: \\\". In British English, no colon is used, so it would read \\\"Dear Ms Johnson\\\".\"}], \"小提示\": [\"After the salutation, always leave one line blank. This is the correct formatting for a business letter.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never use \\\"To Whom It May Concern.\\\" This phrase is overused and will appear too generic to the reader. If you don't know the correct name, contact the business or organization to find out.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,279 | How to Address an Archbishop | 1. Addressing an Archbishop in Person
1-1. Greet an archbishop formally by saying “Your Excellency.”
When you approach an Archbishop, it’s best to give them a formal salutation. Both “Your Excellency” and “Your Grace” are acceptable and highly respectful greetings.
For example, if you wanted to show your appreciation in person, say something like, “Good Morning, Your Grace. I’d like to thank you for your work in the Catholic community. I’m very grateful for your kindness and leadership.”
1-2. Greet an archbishop informally by saying “Archbishop (surname).”
If you’ve spoken to a particular archbishop before, have volunteered under them, or are related to them, it may be appropriate to greet them informally. Refer to the archbishop as “Archbishop (surname).”
For example, you might say, “Hello, Archbishop Anderson. It’s great to see you.”
1-3. Say the archbishop’s title and surname when you ask how they are.
Whether you greet an archbishop formally or informally, you should always include their title and surname when you ask them questions or call out to them.
For example, it wouldn’t be appropriate to say, “Hello, archbishop. How have you been?” Instead, say something like, “Hello, Archbishop Smith. How have you been?”
1-4. Say “Your Eminence,” to a cardinal who is also an archbishop.
Some cardinals are also archbishops. If you want to greet a cardinal who is also an archbishop in person, it’s best to say “Your Eminence,” or “Your Lordship,” in order to show respect.
2. Writing a Letter
2-1. Write a heading at the top of the letter.
At the top of the page, write “His Excellency,” and then start a new line directly underneath. On the second line, write, “The Most Reverend (full name). Write a third line that says, “Archbishop of (diocese).”
If you’re writing to a cardinal who is also an archbishop, instead write "His Eminence, (first name) Cardinal (surname), Archbishop of (diocese)" as the heading.
2-2. Include a salutation underneath the heading.
Skip a couple of lines and write a salutation before starting the body of the letter. Write “Your Excellency,” if the letter is of a formal nature and write “Dear Archbishop (surname),” if it’s a little more informal.
When writing a letter to a cardinal who is also an archbishop, write "Your Eminence," "Most Eminent Cardinal," or "My Lord Cardinal," as the salutation.
2-3. Write “Respectfully Yours in Christ,” at the end.
After you’ve finished writing the body of the letter, skip a few lines before concluding the letter. It’s most common to write “Respectfully Yours in Christ,” and then start a new line below it where you sign your full name. However, you could also conclude the letter by writing, “Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ,” just above your full name.
2-4. Address the envelope.
Put the letter in the envelope and seal it. Then you’ll write four different things centered on the envelope before you send the letter. First, write “The Most Reverend.” Start a new line underneath this one that says only the archbishop’s full name. Below that, write “Archbishop of (diocese).” Start the address on the 4th line and make sure to include the street, city, state, and zip code.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing an Archbishop in Person\\n1-1. Greet an archbishop formally by saying “Your Excellency.”\\nWhen you approach an Archbishop, it’s best to give them a formal salutation. Both “Your Excellency” and “Your Grace” are acceptable and highly respectful greetings.\\nFor example, if you wanted to show your appreciation in person, say something like, “Good Morning, Your Grace. I’d like to thank you for your work in the Catholic community. I’m very grateful for your kindness and leadership.”\\n1-2. Greet an archbishop informally by saying “Archbishop (surname).”\\nIf you’ve spoken to a particular archbishop before, have volunteered under them, or are related to them, it may be appropriate to greet them informally. Refer to the archbishop as “Archbishop (surname).”\\nFor example, you might say, “Hello, Archbishop Anderson. It’s great to see you.”\\n1-3. Say the archbishop’s title and surname when you ask how they are.\\nWhether you greet an archbishop formally or informally, you should always include their title and surname when you ask them questions or call out to them.\\nFor example, it wouldn’t be appropriate to say, “Hello, archbishop. How have you been?” Instead, say something like, “Hello, Archbishop Smith. How have you been?”\\n1-4. Say “Your Eminence,” to a cardinal who is also an archbishop.\\nSome cardinals are also archbishops. If you want to greet a cardinal who is also an archbishop in person, it’s best to say “Your Eminence,” or “Your Lordship,” in order to show respect.\\n2. Writing a Letter\\n2-1. Write a heading at the top of the letter.\\nAt the top of the page, write “His Excellency,” and then start a new line directly underneath. On the second line, write, “The Most Reverend (full name). Write a third line that says, “Archbishop of (diocese).”\\nIf you’re writing to a cardinal who is also an archbishop, instead write \\\"His Eminence, (first name) Cardinal (surname), Archbishop of (diocese)\\\" as the heading.\\n2-2. Include a salutation underneath the heading.\\nSkip a couple of lines and write a salutation before starting the body of the letter. Write “Your Excellency,” if the letter is of a formal nature and write “Dear Archbishop (surname),” if it’s a little more informal.\\nWhen writing a letter to a cardinal who is also an archbishop, write \\\"Your Eminence,\\\" \\\"Most Eminent Cardinal,\\\" or \\\"My Lord Cardinal,\\\" as the salutation.\\n2-3. Write “Respectfully Yours in Christ,” at the end.\\nAfter you’ve finished writing the body of the letter, skip a few lines before concluding the letter. It’s most common to write “Respectfully Yours in Christ,” and then start a new line below it where you sign your full name. However, you could also conclude the letter by writing, “Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ,” just above your full name.\\n2-4. Address the envelope.\\nPut the letter in the envelope and seal it. Then you’ll write four different things centered on the envelope before you send the letter. First, write “The Most Reverend.” Start a new line underneath this one that says only the archbishop’s full name. Below that, write “Archbishop of (diocese).” Start the address on the 4th line and make sure to include the street, city, state, and zip code.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Are you writing a letter to the archbishop? Do you have the opportunity to meet them in person? If you have the chance to communicate with an archbishop, you may be wondering how to address them correctly. Luckily, it’s easy to address an archbishop in both face-to-face interactions and in letters. In this article, we’ll explain how to greet, address, and introduce yourself with an archbishop.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing an Archbishop in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Greet an archbishop formally by saying “Your Excellency.”\", \"描述\": \"When you approach an Archbishop, it’s best to give them a formal salutation. Both “Your Excellency” and “Your Grace” are acceptable and highly respectful greetings.\\nFor example, if you wanted to show your appreciation in person, say something like, “Good Morning, Your Grace. I’d like to thank you for your work in the Catholic community. I’m very grateful for your kindness and leadership.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Greet an archbishop informally by saying “Archbishop (surname).”\", \"描述\": \"If you’ve spoken to a particular archbishop before, have volunteered under them, or are related to them, it may be appropriate to greet them informally. Refer to the archbishop as “Archbishop (surname).”\\nFor example, you might say, “Hello, Archbishop Anderson. It’s great to see you.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Say the archbishop’s title and surname when you ask how they are.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you greet an archbishop formally or informally, you should always include their title and surname when you ask them questions or call out to them.\\nFor example, it wouldn’t be appropriate to say, “Hello, archbishop. How have you been?” Instead, say something like, “Hello, Archbishop Smith. How have you been?”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Say “Your Eminence,” to a cardinal who is also an archbishop.\", \"描述\": \"Some cardinals are also archbishops. If you want to greet a cardinal who is also an archbishop in person, it’s best to say “Your Eminence,” or “Your Lordship,” in order to show respect.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing a Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write a heading at the top of the letter.\", \"描述\": \"At the top of the page, write “His Excellency,” and then start a new line directly underneath. On the second line, write, “The Most Reverend (full name). Write a third line that says, “Archbishop of (diocese).”\\nIf you’re writing to a cardinal who is also an archbishop, instead write \\\"His Eminence, (first name) Cardinal (surname), Archbishop of (diocese)\\\" as the heading.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include a salutation underneath the heading.\", \"描述\": \"Skip a couple of lines and write a salutation before starting the body of the letter. Write “Your Excellency,” if the letter is of a formal nature and write “Dear Archbishop (surname),” if it’s a little more informal.\\nWhen writing a letter to a cardinal who is also an archbishop, write \\\"Your Eminence,\\\" \\\"Most Eminent Cardinal,\\\" or \\\"My Lord Cardinal,\\\" as the salutation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write “Respectfully Yours in Christ,” at the end.\", \"描述\": \"After you’ve finished writing the body of the letter, skip a few lines before concluding the letter. It’s most common to write “Respectfully Yours in Christ,” and then start a new line below it where you sign your full name. However, you could also conclude the letter by writing, “Asking Your Excellency's blessing, I am, Yours respectfully in Christ,” just above your full name.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Put the letter in the envelope and seal it. Then you’ll write four different things centered on the envelope before you send the letter. First, write “The Most Reverend.” Start a new line underneath this one that says only the archbishop’s full name. Below that, write “Archbishop of (diocese).” Start the address on the 4th line and make sure to include the street, city, state, and zip code.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,280 | How to Address an Attorney | 1. Professional Correspondence
1-1. Address an attorney as "Mr." or "Ms." in most contexts.
In the salutation for a letter or email, address an attorney the same way you would any other respected professional- using "Mr." or "Ms." followed by their surname. Generally, this is the best way to address an attorney if you've never spoken to them before.
If you have an ongoing professional relationship with the attorney, or if they're representing you in a case, feel free to address them in the way they prefer. For example, suppose you've hired an attorney named John Justice. Upon meeting for the first time, you address him as "Mr. Justice" and he says "Please, call me John." From that point on, you can feel free to address him by his first name in correspondence as well.
1-2. Use the courtesy title "Esquire" when writing concerning a legal matter.
Traditionally, this courtesy title is used only if you're writing the attorney about a case for which they are providing representation. If you're mailing your letter, write the attorney's full name on the envelope, followed by a comma and the abbreviation "Esq."
If you use the title "Esquire" after the attorney's name, do not use "Mr." or "Ms." before their name. Just use their first and last name.
1-3. Try "Attorney at Law" as an alternative to "Esquire."
If using the courtesy title "Esquire" feels stuffy to you, "Attorney at Law" also conveys the same level of honor and respect. Instead of placing it after the attorney's name, use two lines with "Attorney at Law" directly underneath the attorney's full name.
If you use "Attorney at Law," you should add "Mr." or "Ms." before the attorney's first name.
1-4. Add "JD" after an attorney's name in an academic setting.
Even if the attorney is licensed to practice law, if they're writing an article in a law journal or working as a law professor, you'll typically use "JD" instead of "Esquire." Listing the degree conveys their academic credentials in a way that "Esquire" does not because there are several states that allow you to take the bar exam and become a licensed attorney without getting a JD.
If the attorney has more than one degree, list the abbreviations after their name in order from highest to lowest. For example, if John Justice has a JD and an MBA, you would list his name as "John Justice, JD, MBA."
2. Social Correspondence
2-1. Use a standard courtesy title for social correspondence.
If you're addressing an attorney socially, you typically would use "Mr." or "Ms.," according to their preference, followed by their surname. When mailing a letter, this form of address is appropriate on the envelope, even though you may address them by their first name in the letter itself.
For social correspondence, you can also simply use the attorney's first and last name without any courtesy title. This is a more casual form of address, so only use it if you know the attorney relatively well.
2-2. Leave out any designation when addressing a lawyer and their spouse socially.
Unlike doctors, if you're writing to a lawyer and their spouse socially, don't include either "JD" or "Esq." to indicate that they're an attorney. You also don't have to order their names in any particular way, since attorneys don't have any particular social rank the way doctors do.
For example, if you were addressing a wedding invitation to John Justice, who is an attorney, and his wife Jane, you would use "Mr. and Ms. John and Jane Justice" or "Mr. and Mrs. John Justice."
If the attorney's spouse is a doctor, on the other hand, you would list the doctor's name first, followed by the attorney's name. For example, if you were addressing a wedding invitation to Sarah Stockton and her wife, Emily, who is a pediatrician, you would use "Dr. Emily Stockton and Ms. Sarah Stockton.
2-3. Pay attention to the name that female attorneys use socially.
Many married female attorneys use their maiden name professionally and their spouse's name socially. If you know an attorney who does this, take care to use her preferred name on social correspondence.
It doesn't hurt to ask if you're writing a female attorney socially and you only know her professionally. She'll let you know if she uses a different name.
Tips
If you're addressing a female attorney, always use "Ms." unless you're certain she prefers "Mrs." Many professional women consider "Mrs." to be outdated.[10]
X
Research source
Warnings
This article discusses how to address an attorney in the US. Other countries may follow different customs and protocol.
Never address a female attorney as "Miss," even if you know she is unmarried. While this courtesy title used to be used for any single woman, today it is reserved for girls under the age of 18.[11]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Professional Correspondence\\n1-1. Address an attorney as \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" in most contexts.\\nIn the salutation for a letter or email, address an attorney the same way you would any other respected professional- using \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" followed by their surname. Generally, this is the best way to address an attorney if you've never spoken to them before.\\nIf you have an ongoing professional relationship with the attorney, or if they're representing you in a case, feel free to address them in the way they prefer. For example, suppose you've hired an attorney named John Justice. Upon meeting for the first time, you address him as \\\"Mr. Justice\\\" and he says \\\"Please, call me John.\\\" From that point on, you can feel free to address him by his first name in correspondence as well.\\n1-2. Use the courtesy title \\\"Esquire\\\" when writing concerning a legal matter.\\nTraditionally, this courtesy title is used only if you're writing the attorney about a case for which they are providing representation. If you're mailing your letter, write the attorney's full name on the envelope, followed by a comma and the abbreviation \\\"Esq.\\\"\\nIf you use the title \\\"Esquire\\\" after the attorney's name, do not use \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" before their name. Just use their first and last name.\\n1-3. Try \\\"Attorney at Law\\\" as an alternative to \\\"Esquire.\\\"\\nIf using the courtesy title \\\"Esquire\\\" feels stuffy to you, \\\"Attorney at Law\\\" also conveys the same level of honor and respect. Instead of placing it after the attorney's name, use two lines with \\\"Attorney at Law\\\" directly underneath the attorney's full name.\\nIf you use \\\"Attorney at Law,\\\" you should add \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" before the attorney's first name.\\n1-4. Add \\\"JD\\\" after an attorney's name in an academic setting.\\nEven if the attorney is licensed to practice law, if they're writing an article in a law journal or working as a law professor, you'll typically use \\\"JD\\\" instead of \\\"Esquire.\\\" Listing the degree conveys their academic credentials in a way that \\\"Esquire\\\" does not because there are several states that allow you to take the bar exam and become a licensed attorney without getting a JD.\\nIf the attorney has more than one degree, list the abbreviations after their name in order from highest to lowest. For example, if John Justice has a JD and an MBA, you would list his name as \\\"John Justice, JD, MBA.\\\"\\n2. Social Correspondence\\n2-1. Use a standard courtesy title for social correspondence.\\nIf you're addressing an attorney socially, you typically would use \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.,\\\" according to their preference, followed by their surname. When mailing a letter, this form of address is appropriate on the envelope, even though you may address them by their first name in the letter itself.\\nFor social correspondence, you can also simply use the attorney's first and last name without any courtesy title. This is a more casual form of address, so only use it if you know the attorney relatively well.\\n2-2. Leave out any designation when addressing a lawyer and their spouse socially.\\nUnlike doctors, if you're writing to a lawyer and their spouse socially, don't include either \\\"JD\\\" or \\\"Esq.\\\" to indicate that they're an attorney. You also don't have to order their names in any particular way, since attorneys don't have any particular social rank the way doctors do.\\nFor example, if you were addressing a wedding invitation to John Justice, who is an attorney, and his wife Jane, you would use \\\"Mr. and Ms. John and Jane Justice\\\" or \\\"Mr. and Mrs. John Justice.\\\"\\nIf the attorney's spouse is a doctor, on the other hand, you would list the doctor's name first, followed by the attorney's name. For example, if you were addressing a wedding invitation to Sarah Stockton and her wife, Emily, who is a pediatrician, you would use \\\"Dr. Emily Stockton and Ms. Sarah Stockton.\\n2-3. Pay attention to the name that female attorneys use socially.\\nMany married female attorneys use their maiden name professionally and their spouse's name socially. If you know an attorney who does this, take care to use her preferred name on social correspondence.\\nIt doesn't hurt to ask if you're writing a female attorney socially and you only know her professionally. She'll let you know if she uses a different name.\\nTips\\nIf you're addressing a female attorney, always use \\\"Ms.\\\" unless you're certain she prefers \\\"Mrs.\\\" Many professional women consider \\\"Mrs.\\\" to be outdated.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nThis article discusses how to address an attorney in the US. Other countries may follow different customs and protocol.\\nNever address a female attorney as \\\"Miss,\\\" even if you know she is unmarried. While this courtesy title used to be used for any single woman, today it is reserved for girls under the age of 18.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Unlike other professionals in the US, the proper protocol for addressing an attorney isn't always well understood – sometimes even by attorneys themselves. Generally, you'll address an attorney just as you would anyone else. However, you'll typically use a more formal title, such as \\\"Esquire,\\\" if you're writing to an attorney in their professional capacity. When in doubt, err on the side of formality. You can always ask the attorney how they prefer to be addressed.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Professional Correspondence\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address an attorney as \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" in most contexts.\", \"描述\": \"In the salutation for a letter or email, address an attorney the same way you would any other respected professional- using \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" followed by their surname. Generally, this is the best way to address an attorney if you've never spoken to them before.\\nIf you have an ongoing professional relationship with the attorney, or if they're representing you in a case, feel free to address them in the way they prefer. For example, suppose you've hired an attorney named John Justice. Upon meeting for the first time, you address him as \\\"Mr. Justice\\\" and he says \\\"Please, call me John.\\\" From that point on, you can feel free to address him by his first name in correspondence as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the courtesy title \\\"Esquire\\\" when writing concerning a legal matter.\", \"描述\": \"Traditionally, this courtesy title is used only if you're writing the attorney about a case for which they are providing representation. If you're mailing your letter, write the attorney's full name on the envelope, followed by a comma and the abbreviation \\\"Esq.\\\"\\nIf you use the title \\\"Esquire\\\" after the attorney's name, do not use \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" before their name. Just use their first and last name.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try \\\"Attorney at Law\\\" as an alternative to \\\"Esquire.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"If using the courtesy title \\\"Esquire\\\" feels stuffy to you, \\\"Attorney at Law\\\" also conveys the same level of honor and respect. Instead of placing it after the attorney's name, use two lines with \\\"Attorney at Law\\\" directly underneath the attorney's full name.\\nIf you use \\\"Attorney at Law,\\\" you should add \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" before the attorney's first name.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add \\\"JD\\\" after an attorney's name in an academic setting.\", \"描述\": \"Even if the attorney is licensed to practice law, if they're writing an article in a law journal or working as a law professor, you'll typically use \\\"JD\\\" instead of \\\"Esquire.\\\" Listing the degree conveys their academic credentials in a way that \\\"Esquire\\\" does not because there are several states that allow you to take the bar exam and become a licensed attorney without getting a JD.\\nIf the attorney has more than one degree, list the abbreviations after their name in order from highest to lowest. For example, if John Justice has a JD and an MBA, you would list his name as \\\"John Justice, JD, MBA.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Social Correspondence\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a standard courtesy title for social correspondence.\", \"描述\": \"If you're addressing an attorney socially, you typically would use \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.,\\\" according to their preference, followed by their surname. When mailing a letter, this form of address is appropriate on the envelope, even though you may address them by their first name in the letter itself.\\nFor social correspondence, you can also simply use the attorney's first and last name without any courtesy title. This is a more casual form of address, so only use it if you know the attorney relatively well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Leave out any designation when addressing a lawyer and their spouse socially.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike doctors, if you're writing to a lawyer and their spouse socially, don't include either \\\"JD\\\" or \\\"Esq.\\\" to indicate that they're an attorney. You also don't have to order their names in any particular way, since attorneys don't have any particular social rank the way doctors do.\\nFor example, if you were addressing a wedding invitation to John Justice, who is an attorney, and his wife Jane, you would use \\\"Mr. and Ms. John and Jane Justice\\\" or \\\"Mr. and Mrs. John Justice.\\\"\\nIf the attorney's spouse is a doctor, on the other hand, you would list the doctor's name first, followed by the attorney's name. For example, if you were addressing a wedding invitation to Sarah Stockton and her wife, Emily, who is a pediatrician, you would use \\\"Dr. Emily Stockton and Ms. Sarah Stockton.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay attention to the name that female attorneys use socially.\", \"描述\": \"Many married female attorneys use their maiden name professionally and their spouse's name socially. If you know an attorney who does this, take care to use her preferred name on social correspondence.\\nIt doesn't hurt to ask if you're writing a female attorney socially and you only know her professionally. She'll let you know if she uses a different name.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you're addressing a female attorney, always use \\\"Ms.\\\" unless you're certain she prefers \\\"Mrs.\\\" Many professional women consider \\\"Mrs.\\\" to be outdated.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"This article discusses how to address an attorney in the US. Other countries may follow different customs and protocol.\\n\", \"Never address a female attorney as \\\"Miss,\\\" even if you know she is unmarried. While this courtesy title used to be used for any single woman, today it is reserved for girls under the age of 18.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,281 | How to Address an Attorney on an Envelope | 1. Addressing the Envelope
1-1. Start with a full and legible return address.
If your letter is damaged or mis-directed during the delivery process, it is key that the post office or a mail room can identify the sender in case the letter must be returned.
Your return address will be in the upper left corner of the envelope.
The first line is your full name. Do not use initials. Another benefit to a clear return address is to have your attorney recognize your name. If your letter is expected, it will likely be opened and read faster.
The next line is your complete address. If your attorney wants to send an immediate reply, she will not have to go to your file to get your address.
The last line is your city, state, and zip code. Spell out your city name and don't use local abbreviations. You may know what "S. B. TwnShp" stands for, but don't assume your attorney does. Use the post office abbreviation for your state.
1-2. Format the delivery address.
Without a clear delivery address, your letter to an attorney may not be delivered correctly. Because of automated mail handling, it is important that you follow basic post office rules for formatting the delivery address.
The delivery address must be parallel with the longest side of the envelope and be left justified.
Use a simple type font that is at least 10-point, or hand print the address in dark ink to facilitate the post office's machine readers. Elaborate type fonts or fancy calligraphy look nice, but may delay the delivery of your letter.
1-3. Address the envelope to your attorney by name.
There are a few rules in how to correctly address a letter to an attorney. The rules correspond to the reason you are writing. How you format the address and title gives a cue as to the reason you are writing.
In business or client letters, do not use an honorific such as Mr. or Ms. Instead, use your lawyer's full name. Refer to a business card or legal document if you need help. For example, use Jane A. Smith, or Robert Jones, Jr.
For social correspondence, or if the letter is addressed to a couple, put the party with more experience or rank first and use Mr. or Mrs. for the second party. For example, a couple where one is a judge and the other an attorney, it would read "The Honorable Mary Ellen Smith and Mr. John Smith".
An exact name is important because in family law firms or office sharing, many attorneys with similar names may depend on the same clerk to sort their mail. An ambiguous name may be delivered to the wrong attorney.
1-4. Choose between Esquire, Attorney at Law, and J.D.
Esquire, abbreviated to Esq. is falling out of common usage. It is extremely formal, many consider it pretentious. However, it is never incorrect and may be more appropriate for senior lawyers and partners. Attorney at Law is more common and also appropriate for all business, client, and social correspondence. Using academic credits is correct in limited circumstances.
"Esq." is put directly after the name, for example, "Robert Jones, Jr. Esq." Never use "Esq." when addressing a legal professional that is not licensed to practice law.
If you use "Attorney at Law," put it on the line below the name. Use one or the other. Do not use Esq. and Attorney at Law in the address.
For honorary and academic correspondences, such as an invitation to contribute to a journal or speak at an educational affair, use the attorney's credentials after her name. The most common will be "J.D." for Juris Doctor or LL.M for a Master's of Law.
1-5. Add the business address.
Using the preferred post office format, add the name of the law firm on the next line. Omit this step for lawyers that are solo practitioners. Check the law firm's website, business card, or telephone book listing to get the names, order, and spelling correctly. This is both a professional courtesy and shows you are taking your correspondence seriously.
Be very specific with the street address and do not omit box, room, or suite numbers. Large firms may have several hundred attorneys working on different floors of the building or several firms may share a building. Mail often comes into a central mailroom for distribution. Failing to add the suite number may delay your letter.
2. Researching the Recipient
2-1. Decide if you are writing to a lawyer or an attorney.
The words are often used interchangeably, but they have different meanings. Lawyers have graduated law school and received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree. Attorneys have been admitted to the bar and are licensed to practice law.
Many professional people have law degrees but are not working in the legal field. If so, you should follow the rules of etiquette for their chosen profession.
2-2. Categorize your correspondence.
Generally, letters written and addressed to attorneys will be for one of several reasons: personal, client business, business to business, honorary, or social. The reason behind the letter will dictate the level of formality.
Business to business includes sales pitches for products or services.
An example of an honorary letter would be an invitation to speak at a luncheon. Social correspondence is an invitation to an event where the attorney would be a guest and not part of the program.
2-3. Learn about the attorney.
The first step is to know who will be receiving the letter. You need to know if the person is male or female and if he or she is part of a law firm. A little bit of basic information helps you follow the rules of etiquette in formal correspondence.
3. Assembling the Letter
3-1. Use professional paper and envelopes.
It is less important that your correspondence be fancy than it be neat. Plain white typing paper will print cleanly or take writing in ink without smearing.
Many lawyers and law firms scan all correspondence, including envelopes, into the central computer files. As a result, they prefer plain formatting printed, typed, or written in dark ink. The post office rule is that envelope should be legible at arm's length.
If poor quality paper, such as torn notebook pages is your only option, trim the edges before sending.
3-2. Identify yourself early in the letter.
Attorneys receive a lot of mail and it is important that you separate your correspondence from the others. After the salutation, identify yourself, your company, and why you are writing. Don't make the addressee guess who you are.
My name is Joe Smith and I have enclosed the documents you asked for at our last meeting about my case.
My name is Mary Jones and I represent the speakers bureau for Big Corp.
My name is Mario Gomez and I am writing to inquire about job opportunities with your law firm.
3-3. End the letter with your contact information.
Your attorney has a file with your address and phone number. However, she might have brought her mail home for the weekend, or not have your file on hand. Add your contact information, including full name, mailing address, phone number, and email address to every letter. This is the mark of professional correspondence and often results in a quicker response.
3-4. Fold your letter for the envelope.
The standard way to fold a business letter is in thirds. Fold the bottom third first, and top third second. This is so the reader will see your name and return address as soon as he opens your letter. If you are sending a check, business card, or other small enclosure, insert it inside the first fold.
3-5. Seal envelope and affix postage.
This simple step is too often overlooked. If a letter isn't properly sealed, the contents could be lost or confidential information compromised. A letter without enough stamps is likely to be returned you without delivery.
Unless you are using heavy special paper, you can usually mail 3 pages and an envelope for one stamp. If you have any doubt, take your letter to the post office to be weighed.
Tips
Aim for clarity and respect. You are writing to your attorney to get her attention. You want your letter read before all the others in her inbox. A neat legible professionally addressed envelope will help you accomplish that goal.
Aim for ease of delivery. When you put your letter in the mailbox, you are sending it on a trip that may cross the state before it crosses town. Paying attention to post office formatting rules, using good quality envelopes that can withstand automated sorting, and using the right postage will get your letter delivered faster and in better condition.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Envelope\\n1-1. Start with a full and legible return address.\\nIf your letter is damaged or mis-directed during the delivery process, it is key that the post office or a mail room can identify the sender in case the letter must be returned.\\nYour return address will be in the upper left corner of the envelope.\\nThe first line is your full name. Do not use initials. Another benefit to a clear return address is to have your attorney recognize your name. If your letter is expected, it will likely be opened and read faster.\\nThe next line is your complete address. If your attorney wants to send an immediate reply, she will not have to go to your file to get your address.\\nThe last line is your city, state, and zip code. Spell out your city name and don't use local abbreviations. You may know what \\\"S. B. TwnShp\\\" stands for, but don't assume your attorney does. Use the post office abbreviation for your state.\\n1-2. Format the delivery address.\\nWithout a clear delivery address, your letter to an attorney may not be delivered correctly. Because of automated mail handling, it is important that you follow basic post office rules for formatting the delivery address.\\nThe delivery address must be parallel with the longest side of the envelope and be left justified.\\nUse a simple type font that is at least 10-point, or hand print the address in dark ink to facilitate the post office's machine readers. Elaborate type fonts or fancy calligraphy look nice, but may delay the delivery of your letter.\\n1-3. Address the envelope to your attorney by name.\\nThere are a few rules in how to correctly address a letter to an attorney. The rules correspond to the reason you are writing. How you format the address and title gives a cue as to the reason you are writing.\\nIn business or client letters, do not use an honorific such as Mr. or Ms. Instead, use your lawyer's full name. Refer to a business card or legal document if you need help. For example, use Jane A. Smith, or Robert Jones, Jr.\\nFor social correspondence, or if the letter is addressed to a couple, put the party with more experience or rank first and use Mr. or Mrs. for the second party. For example, a couple where one is a judge and the other an attorney, it would read \\\"The Honorable Mary Ellen Smith and Mr. John Smith\\\".\\nAn exact name is important because in family law firms or office sharing, many attorneys with similar names may depend on the same clerk to sort their mail. An ambiguous name may be delivered to the wrong attorney.\\n1-4. Choose between Esquire, Attorney at Law, and J.D.\\nEsquire, abbreviated to Esq. is falling out of common usage. It is extremely formal, many consider it pretentious. However, it is never incorrect and may be more appropriate for senior lawyers and partners. Attorney at Law is more common and also appropriate for all business, client, and social correspondence. Using academic credits is correct in limited circumstances.\\n\\\"Esq.\\\" is put directly after the name, for example, \\\"Robert Jones, Jr. Esq.\\\" Never use \\\"Esq.\\\" when addressing a legal professional that is not licensed to practice law. \\nIf you use \\\"Attorney at Law,\\\" put it on the line below the name. Use one or the other. Do not use Esq. and Attorney at Law in the address.\\nFor honorary and academic correspondences, such as an invitation to contribute to a journal or speak at an educational affair, use the attorney's credentials after her name. The most common will be \\\"J.D.\\\" for Juris Doctor or LL.M for a Master's of Law.\\n1-5. Add the business address.\\nUsing the preferred post office format, add the name of the law firm on the next line. Omit this step for lawyers that are solo practitioners. Check the law firm's website, business card, or telephone book listing to get the names, order, and spelling correctly. This is both a professional courtesy and shows you are taking your correspondence seriously.\\nBe very specific with the street address and do not omit box, room, or suite numbers. Large firms may have several hundred attorneys working on different floors of the building or several firms may share a building. Mail often comes into a central mailroom for distribution. Failing to add the suite number may delay your letter.\\n2. Researching the Recipient\\n2-1. Decide if you are writing to a lawyer or an attorney.\\nThe words are often used interchangeably, but they have different meanings. Lawyers have graduated law school and received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree. Attorneys have been admitted to the bar and are licensed to practice law.\\nMany professional people have law degrees but are not working in the legal field. If so, you should follow the rules of etiquette for their chosen profession.\\n2-2. Categorize your correspondence.\\nGenerally, letters written and addressed to attorneys will be for one of several reasons: personal, client business, business to business, honorary, or social. The reason behind the letter will dictate the level of formality.\\nBusiness to business includes sales pitches for products or services.\\nAn example of an honorary letter would be an invitation to speak at a luncheon. Social correspondence is an invitation to an event where the attorney would be a guest and not part of the program.\\n2-3. Learn about the attorney.\\nThe first step is to know who will be receiving the letter. You need to know if the person is male or female and if he or she is part of a law firm. A little bit of basic information helps you follow the rules of etiquette in formal correspondence.\\n3. Assembling the Letter\\n3-1. Use professional paper and envelopes.\\nIt is less important that your correspondence be fancy than it be neat. Plain white typing paper will print cleanly or take writing in ink without smearing.\\nMany lawyers and law firms scan all correspondence, including envelopes, into the central computer files. As a result, they prefer plain formatting printed, typed, or written in dark ink. The post office rule is that envelope should be legible at arm's length.\\nIf poor quality paper, such as torn notebook pages is your only option, trim the edges before sending.\\n3-2. Identify yourself early in the letter.\\nAttorneys receive a lot of mail and it is important that you separate your correspondence from the others. After the salutation, identify yourself, your company, and why you are writing. Don't make the addressee guess who you are.\\nMy name is Joe Smith and I have enclosed the documents you asked for at our last meeting about my case.\\nMy name is Mary Jones and I represent the speakers bureau for Big Corp.\\nMy name is Mario Gomez and I am writing to inquire about job opportunities with your law firm.\\n3-3. End the letter with your contact information.\\nYour attorney has a file with your address and phone number. However, she might have brought her mail home for the weekend, or not have your file on hand. Add your contact information, including full name, mailing address, phone number, and email address to every letter. This is the mark of professional correspondence and often results in a quicker response.\\n3-4. Fold your letter for the envelope.\\nThe standard way to fold a business letter is in thirds. Fold the bottom third first, and top third second. This is so the reader will see your name and return address as soon as he opens your letter. If you are sending a check, business card, or other small enclosure, insert it inside the first fold.\\n3-5. Seal envelope and affix postage.\\nThis simple step is too often overlooked. If a letter isn't properly sealed, the contents could be lost or confidential information compromised. A letter without enough stamps is likely to be returned you without delivery.\\nUnless you are using heavy special paper, you can usually mail 3 pages and an envelope for one stamp. If you have any doubt, take your letter to the post office to be weighed.\\nTips\\nAim for clarity and respect. You are writing to your attorney to get her attention. You want your letter read before all the others in her inbox. A neat legible professionally addressed envelope will help you accomplish that goal.\\nAim for ease of delivery. When you put your letter in the mailbox, you are sending it on a trip that may cross the state before it crosses town. Paying attention to post office formatting rules, using good quality envelopes that can withstand automated sorting, and using the right postage will get your letter delivered faster and in better condition.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"One of the hallmarks of the legal profession is high quality and professional written communications. Whether you are a client writing a letter to your attorney, a business hoping to sell products, a job seeker, or an organization looking for a speaker, your first contact with an attorney is often the envelope of your letter. By using a combination of traditional and modern addressing methods and conventions, you can put your best foot forward as soon as she picks your letter out of her inbox.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start with a full and legible return address.\", \"描述\": \"If your letter is damaged or mis-directed during the delivery process, it is key that the post office or a mail room can identify the sender in case the letter must be returned.\\nYour return address will be in the upper left corner of the envelope.\\nThe first line is your full name. Do not use initials. Another benefit to a clear return address is to have your attorney recognize your name. If your letter is expected, it will likely be opened and read faster.\\nThe next line is your complete address. If your attorney wants to send an immediate reply, she will not have to go to your file to get your address.\\nThe last line is your city, state, and zip code. Spell out your city name and don't use local abbreviations. You may know what \\\"S. B. TwnShp\\\" stands for, but don't assume your attorney does. Use the post office abbreviation for your state.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Format the delivery address.\", \"描述\": \"Without a clear delivery address, your letter to an attorney may not be delivered correctly. Because of automated mail handling, it is important that you follow basic post office rules for formatting the delivery address.\\nThe delivery address must be parallel with the longest side of the envelope and be left justified.\\nUse a simple type font that is at least 10-point, or hand print the address in dark ink to facilitate the post office's machine readers. Elaborate type fonts or fancy calligraphy look nice, but may delay the delivery of your letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope to your attorney by name.\", \"描述\": \"There are a few rules in how to correctly address a letter to an attorney. The rules correspond to the reason you are writing. How you format the address and title gives a cue as to the reason you are writing.\\nIn business or client letters, do not use an honorific such as Mr. or Ms. Instead, use your lawyer's full name. Refer to a business card or legal document if you need help. For example, use Jane A. Smith, or Robert Jones, Jr.\\nFor social correspondence, or if the letter is addressed to a couple, put the party with more experience or rank first and use Mr. or Mrs. for the second party. For example, a couple where one is a judge and the other an attorney, it would read \\\"The Honorable Mary Ellen Smith and Mr. John Smith\\\".\\nAn exact name is important because in family law firms or office sharing, many attorneys with similar names may depend on the same clerk to sort their mail. An ambiguous name may be delivered to the wrong attorney.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose between Esquire, Attorney at Law, and J.D.\", \"描述\": \"Esquire, abbreviated to Esq. is falling out of common usage. It is extremely formal, many consider it pretentious. However, it is never incorrect and may be more appropriate for senior lawyers and partners. Attorney at Law is more common and also appropriate for all business, client, and social correspondence. Using academic credits is correct in limited circumstances.\\n\\\"Esq.\\\" is put directly after the name, for example, \\\"Robert Jones, Jr. Esq.\\\" Never use \\\"Esq.\\\" when addressing a legal professional that is not licensed to practice law. \\nIf you use \\\"Attorney at Law,\\\" put it on the line below the name. Use one or the other. Do not use Esq. and Attorney at Law in the address.\\nFor honorary and academic correspondences, such as an invitation to contribute to a journal or speak at an educational affair, use the attorney's credentials after her name. The most common will be \\\"J.D.\\\" for Juris Doctor or LL.M for a Master's of Law.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add the business address.\", \"描述\": \"Using the preferred post office format, add the name of the law firm on the next line. Omit this step for lawyers that are solo practitioners. Check the law firm's website, business card, or telephone book listing to get the names, order, and spelling correctly. This is both a professional courtesy and shows you are taking your correspondence seriously.\\nBe very specific with the street address and do not omit box, room, or suite numbers. Large firms may have several hundred attorneys working on different floors of the building or several firms may share a building. Mail often comes into a central mailroom for distribution. Failing to add the suite number may delay your letter.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Researching the Recipient\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if you are writing to a lawyer or an attorney.\", \"描述\": \"The words are often used interchangeably, but they have different meanings. Lawyers have graduated law school and received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree. Attorneys have been admitted to the bar and are licensed to practice law.\\nMany professional people have law degrees but are not working in the legal field. If so, you should follow the rules of etiquette for their chosen profession.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Categorize your correspondence.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, letters written and addressed to attorneys will be for one of several reasons: personal, client business, business to business, honorary, or social. The reason behind the letter will dictate the level of formality.\\nBusiness to business includes sales pitches for products or services.\\nAn example of an honorary letter would be an invitation to speak at a luncheon. Social correspondence is an invitation to an event where the attorney would be a guest and not part of the program.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn about the attorney.\", \"描述\": \"The first step is to know who will be receiving the letter. You need to know if the person is male or female and if he or she is part of a law firm. A little bit of basic information helps you follow the rules of etiquette in formal correspondence.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Assembling the Letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use professional paper and envelopes.\", \"描述\": \"It is less important that your correspondence be fancy than it be neat. Plain white typing paper will print cleanly or take writing in ink without smearing.\\nMany lawyers and law firms scan all correspondence, including envelopes, into the central computer files. As a result, they prefer plain formatting printed, typed, or written in dark ink. The post office rule is that envelope should be legible at arm's length.\\nIf poor quality paper, such as torn notebook pages is your only option, trim the edges before sending.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Identify yourself early in the letter.\", \"描述\": \"Attorneys receive a lot of mail and it is important that you separate your correspondence from the others. After the salutation, identify yourself, your company, and why you are writing. Don't make the addressee guess who you are.\\nMy name is Joe Smith and I have enclosed the documents you asked for at our last meeting about my case.\\nMy name is Mary Jones and I represent the speakers bureau for Big Corp.\\nMy name is Mario Gomez and I am writing to inquire about job opportunities with your law firm.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"End the letter with your contact information.\", \"描述\": \"Your attorney has a file with your address and phone number. However, she might have brought her mail home for the weekend, or not have your file on hand. Add your contact information, including full name, mailing address, phone number, and email address to every letter. This is the mark of professional correspondence and often results in a quicker response.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fold your letter for the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"The standard way to fold a business letter is in thirds. Fold the bottom third first, and top third second. This is so the reader will see your name and return address as soon as he opens your letter. If you are sending a check, business card, or other small enclosure, insert it inside the first fold.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Seal envelope and affix postage.\", \"描述\": \"This simple step is too often overlooked. If a letter isn't properly sealed, the contents could be lost or confidential information compromised. A letter without enough stamps is likely to be returned you without delivery.\\nUnless you are using heavy special paper, you can usually mail 3 pages and an envelope for one stamp. If you have any doubt, take your letter to the post office to be weighed.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Aim for clarity and respect. You are writing to your attorney to get her attention. You want your letter read before all the others in her inbox. A neat legible professionally addressed envelope will help you accomplish that goal.\\n\", \"Aim for ease of delivery. When you put your letter in the mailbox, you are sending it on a trip that may cross the state before it crosses town. Paying attention to post office formatting rules, using good quality envelopes that can withstand automated sorting, and using the right postage will get your letter delivered faster and in better condition.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,282 | How to Use Care of to Address Letters or Packages | 1. What does “℅” mean?
“Care of” means “via” or “by way of.”
Also written as “℅” on mailed items, this addition means that the envelope, postcard, or package will be delivered to a caretaker, who will then deliver it to the intended recipient. This is opposed to the mail being delivered directly to the final recipient, as usual.
“℅” also lets the caretaker know that the mail isn’t for them, even if it has their address on it, and they shouldn’t open it themselves.
2. Sending Mail with “℅”
2-1. Write the intended final recipient near the center of the envelope.
This is the person who will ultimately open and receive your letter. Write in clear, legible handwriting so that it can be read by your local postal service.
If you want to be sure the address is legible, type and print it onto a printable address label.
2-2. Write “℅” and the person that will care for the letter under the recipient.
This is the caretaker, or the person who will receive the mail first, but then will ensure it gets to its final recipient. It might be an individual person, a business place, a hotel, or any other organization. For example:
John Smith
℅ wikiHow
In the above example, John Smith is the intended recipient, and wikiHow is the caretaker. This means the letter will come to the wikiHow office first, where John works, and someone at the office will then deliver the letter to John.
2-3. Write the address of the caretaker under their name.
Now, continue to address the mail like you would any other letter, with the street address and apartment or unit beneath the caretaker’s name. Then, write the city and state abbreviation beneath the street address followed by a comma. Finally, write the zip code after the comma. Your envelope now looks something like this:
John Smith
℅ wikiHow
123 Technology Way
Los Angeles, CA 90001
2-4. Write your return address in the top left corner.
The return address is the place the mail will be returned to if it cannot be delivered for any reason. This address follows the typical format, with your name on the top line, your street address beneath it, and finally your city, state, and zip code beneath that.
2-5. Add the appropriate postage to the top right corner and mail the letter.
Visit a post office or go to the USPS website to purchase stamps. Affix the stamp to the envelope and place it in your mailbox or a post office box to mail it out.
In the United States, thin envelopes of up to 8.5 by 11 inches (220 mm × 280 mm) can be mailed for $0.60, or with a single Forever Stamp.
3. When to Use “℅”
3-1. Use “℅” when you don’t know the recipient’s exact address.
In these cases, address the mail to the most specific address you can think of, like their business place, apartment complex, dormitory, or other general location, with the recipient’s name in the first line and “℅ [caretaker]” in the second line. You can also use “℅” to send mail to someone through their nursing home or the hospital where they’re staying.
Maya Robinson
℅ Rose Hospital
495 Wellness Way
Frankfort, KY 40003
3-2. Use “℅” to send mail to a friend by way of someone else.
Say you have a wedding invite you need to send, but it’s been a while since you spoke to the recipient and you’re not sure where they live anymore. But you do know someone else who has that information. In this case, send the letter to the person you’d like to invite, but address it in care of the person who does know the recipient’s address.
It’s polite to also invite the caretaker of the letter, so that they don’t feel left out or overlooked.
[Friend’s Name]
℅ [Person who knows friend’s address]
7703 Acquaintance Road
Augusta, ME 04538
3-3. Use “℅” to send mail to someone’s hotel.
If your intended recipient is traveling and you don’t know their room number, write “℅ [Hotel Name]” on the envelope beneath the recipient’s name. The letter will be delivered to the hotel, and the hotel staff will deliver the mail to the appropriate room. If the recipient is no longer at the hotel, the letter will be returned to the return address.
Finn O'Lear
℅ Sunnyside Inn
8056 Magnolia St.
Helena, MT 45678
3-4. Use “℅” to receive sensitive documents.
These might be things like paperwork that concerns only yourself and your attorney or your doctor; or just anything that should only be read by its intended recipient. In these cases, when prompted to provide your own address, you can instead provide your name and “℅ [Your Attorney].” Then, your attorney will receive your mail and deliver it to you the next time you meet.
[Your Name]
℅ [Your Attorney’s Name]
901 Evergreen Lane
Salt Lake City, UT 84044
Tips
You can also address it To the Attention of someone who works at a large company. In the example above, you might write "ATTN: John Smith," then "wikiHow" on the next line and the rest of the address as normal.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What does “℅” mean?\\n“Care of” means “via” or “by way of.”\\nAlso written as “℅” on mailed items, this addition means that the envelope, postcard, or package will be delivered to a caretaker, who will then deliver it to the intended recipient. This is opposed to the mail being delivered directly to the final recipient, as usual.\\n“℅” also lets the caretaker know that the mail isn’t for them, even if it has their address on it, and they shouldn’t open it themselves.\\n2. Sending Mail with “℅”\\n2-1. Write the intended final recipient near the center of the envelope.\\nThis is the person who will ultimately open and receive your letter. Write in clear, legible handwriting so that it can be read by your local postal service.\\nIf you want to be sure the address is legible, type and print it onto a printable address label.\\n2-2. Write “℅” and the person that will care for the letter under the recipient.\\nThis is the caretaker, or the person who will receive the mail first, but then will ensure it gets to its final recipient. It might be an individual person, a business place, a hotel, or any other organization. For example:\\nJohn Smith\\n℅ wikiHow\\nIn the above example, John Smith is the intended recipient, and wikiHow is the caretaker. This means the letter will come to the wikiHow office first, where John works, and someone at the office will then deliver the letter to John.\\n2-3. Write the address of the caretaker under their name.\\nNow, continue to address the mail like you would any other letter, with the street address and apartment or unit beneath the caretaker’s name. Then, write the city and state abbreviation beneath the street address followed by a comma. Finally, write the zip code after the comma. Your envelope now looks something like this:\\nJohn Smith\\n℅ wikiHow\\n123 Technology Way\\nLos Angeles, CA 90001\\n2-4. Write your return address in the top left corner.\\nThe return address is the place the mail will be returned to if it cannot be delivered for any reason. This address follows the typical format, with your name on the top line, your street address beneath it, and finally your city, state, and zip code beneath that.\\n2-5. Add the appropriate postage to the top right corner and mail the letter.\\nVisit a post office or go to the USPS website to purchase stamps. Affix the stamp to the envelope and place it in your mailbox or a post office box to mail it out.\\nIn the United States, thin envelopes of up to 8.5 by 11 inches (220 mm × 280 mm) can be mailed for $0.60, or with a single Forever Stamp.\\n3. When to Use “℅”\\n3-1. Use “℅” when you don’t know the recipient’s exact address.\\nIn these cases, address the mail to the most specific address you can think of, like their business place, apartment complex, dormitory, or other general location, with the recipient’s name in the first line and “℅ [caretaker]” in the second line. You can also use “℅” to send mail to someone through their nursing home or the hospital where they’re staying.\\nMaya Robinson\\n℅ Rose Hospital\\n495 Wellness Way\\nFrankfort, KY 40003\\n3-2. Use “℅” to send mail to a friend by way of someone else.\\nSay you have a wedding invite you need to send, but it’s been a while since you spoke to the recipient and you’re not sure where they live anymore. But you do know someone else who has that information. In this case, send the letter to the person you’d like to invite, but address it in care of the person who does know the recipient’s address.\\nIt’s polite to also invite the caretaker of the letter, so that they don’t feel left out or overlooked.\\n[Friend’s Name]\\n℅ [Person who knows friend’s address]\\n7703 Acquaintance Road\\nAugusta, ME 04538\\n3-3. Use “℅” to send mail to someone’s hotel.\\nIf your intended recipient is traveling and you don’t know their room number, write “℅ [Hotel Name]” on the envelope beneath the recipient’s name. The letter will be delivered to the hotel, and the hotel staff will deliver the mail to the appropriate room. If the recipient is no longer at the hotel, the letter will be returned to the return address.\\nFinn O'Lear\\n℅ Sunnyside Inn\\n8056 Magnolia St.\\nHelena, MT 45678\\n3-4. Use “℅” to receive sensitive documents.\\nThese might be things like paperwork that concerns only yourself and your attorney or your doctor; or just anything that should only be read by its intended recipient. In these cases, when prompted to provide your own address, you can instead provide your name and “℅ [Your Attorney].” Then, your attorney will receive your mail and deliver it to you the next time you meet.\\n[Your Name]\\n℅ [Your Attorney’s Name]\\n901 Evergreen Lane\\nSalt Lake City, UT 84044\\nTips\\nYou can also address it To the Attention of someone who works at a large company. In the example above, you might write \\\"ATTN: John Smith,\\\" then \\\"wikiHow\\\" on the next line and the rest of the address as normal.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You need that letter to get to the right person, but there’s one problem: you know their building or business place, but not their exact address. No worries, just address your letter in the care of (℅) the building, business, or someone else at the residence! What does that mean? How do you do it? Great questions, we’ve got the answers. This easy guide will walk you through how to address a letter or envelope so that it gets to where it needs to go, and we’ll also fill you in on all the handy ways you can use “℅” on your mail.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What does “℅” mean?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"“Care of” means “via” or “by way of.”\", \"描述\": \"Also written as “℅” on mailed items, this addition means that the envelope, postcard, or package will be delivered to a caretaker, who will then deliver it to the intended recipient. This is opposed to the mail being delivered directly to the final recipient, as usual.\\n“℅” also lets the caretaker know that the mail isn’t for them, even if it has their address on it, and they shouldn’t open it themselves.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sending Mail with “℅”\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the intended final recipient near the center of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"This is the person who will ultimately open and receive your letter. Write in clear, legible handwriting so that it can be read by your local postal service.\\nIf you want to be sure the address is legible, type and print it onto a printable address label.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write “℅” and the person that will care for the letter under the recipient.\", \"描述\": \"This is the caretaker, or the person who will receive the mail first, but then will ensure it gets to its final recipient. It might be an individual person, a business place, a hotel, or any other organization. For example:\\nJohn Smith\\n℅ wikiHow\\nIn the above example, John Smith is the intended recipient, and wikiHow is the caretaker. This means the letter will come to the wikiHow office first, where John works, and someone at the office will then deliver the letter to John.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write the address of the caretaker under their name.\", \"描述\": \"Now, continue to address the mail like you would any other letter, with the street address and apartment or unit beneath the caretaker’s name. Then, write the city and state abbreviation beneath the street address followed by a comma. Finally, write the zip code after the comma. Your envelope now looks something like this:\\nJohn Smith\\n℅ wikiHow\\n123 Technology Way\\nLos Angeles, CA 90001\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write your return address in the top left corner.\", \"描述\": \"The return address is the place the mail will be returned to if it cannot be delivered for any reason. This address follows the typical format, with your name on the top line, your street address beneath it, and finally your city, state, and zip code beneath that.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add the appropriate postage to the top right corner and mail the letter.\", \"描述\": \"Visit a post office or go to the USPS website to purchase stamps. Affix the stamp to the envelope and place it in your mailbox or a post office box to mail it out.\\nIn the United States, thin envelopes of up to 8.5 by 11 inches (220 mm × 280 mm) can be mailed for $0.60, or with a single Forever Stamp.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"When to Use “℅”\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use “℅” when you don’t know the recipient’s exact address.\", \"描述\": \"In these cases, address the mail to the most specific address you can think of, like their business place, apartment complex, dormitory, or other general location, with the recipient’s name in the first line and “℅ [caretaker]” in the second line. You can also use “℅” to send mail to someone through their nursing home or the hospital where they’re staying.\\nMaya Robinson\\n℅ Rose Hospital\\n495 Wellness Way\\nFrankfort, KY 40003\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use “℅” to send mail to a friend by way of someone else.\", \"描述\": \"Say you have a wedding invite you need to send, but it’s been a while since you spoke to the recipient and you’re not sure where they live anymore. But you do know someone else who has that information. In this case, send the letter to the person you’d like to invite, but address it in care of the person who does know the recipient’s address.\\nIt’s polite to also invite the caretaker of the letter, so that they don’t feel left out or overlooked.\\n[Friend’s Name]\\n℅ [Person who knows friend’s address]\\n7703 Acquaintance Road\\nAugusta, ME 04538\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use “℅” to send mail to someone’s hotel.\", \"描述\": \"If your intended recipient is traveling and you don’t know their room number, write “℅ [Hotel Name]” on the envelope beneath the recipient’s name. The letter will be delivered to the hotel, and the hotel staff will deliver the mail to the appropriate room. If the recipient is no longer at the hotel, the letter will be returned to the return address.\\nFinn O'Lear\\n℅ Sunnyside Inn\\n8056 Magnolia St.\\nHelena, MT 45678\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use “℅” to receive sensitive documents.\", \"描述\": \"These might be things like paperwork that concerns only yourself and your attorney or your doctor; or just anything that should only be read by its intended recipient. In these cases, when prompted to provide your own address, you can instead provide your name and “℅ [Your Attorney].” Then, your attorney will receive your mail and deliver it to you the next time you meet.\\n[Your Name]\\n℅ [Your Attorney’s Name]\\n901 Evergreen Lane\\nSalt Lake City, UT 84044\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You can also address it To the Attention of someone who works at a large company. In the example above, you might write \\\"ATTN: John Smith,\\\" then \\\"wikiHow\\\" on the next line and the rest of the address as normal.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,283 | How to Address an Envelope to a Family | 1. Using the Family Name
1-1. Write "The (Surname) Family" at the top of the address.
When you're looking to address an envelope to an entire family, rather than a single individual, you have two options: you can use the family name to represent the entire family, or you can specifically address the envelope to some (or all) of the family members. Let's tackle the first option first. The easiest way to address an envelope to an entire family is simply write "The (Last Name of the Family) Family" as the first line of your address. This method is a good choice for general communications (like friendly letters) but may be unwise for addressing envelopes in which it's important to know who the letter is specifically for (like wedding invitations).
For example, if we're writing a letter to Tim and Janet Jones and their children Emma and Peter, we would address the envelope to .
1-2. Use the plural form of the family name.
As an alternative to the above, it's also acceptable to simply use the plural form of the family's surname as the first line of the envelope's address. In this case, the plural family name is always preceded by the word "The" so that the final result is in the form of "The Smiths", "The Garcias", and so on.
Don't fall into the trap of using apostrophes here. Apostrophes are used to convey possession, not to make a word plural, so you shouldn't use them in the plural form of the family name. Most family names simply need an -s at the end to become plural (e.g. Thompsons, Lincolns). However, family names that end with an "s", "sh", or "x" sound usually need an -es at the end (e.g. Roses, Foxes, Welshes).
Following our example above, if we're writing a letter to the Jones family, in addition to using "The Jones Family" as the first line of our address, we can also simply use .
1-3. Address the rest of the envelope as normal.
Regardless of the method you use for the first line of your envelope's address, the rest of the address is written as it would be for any other letter. Under the first line containing the family name, write the street number or PO box, then, on the next line, write the city, state/province, postal code, and so on. If writing internationally, write the name of the country below on a separate fourth line. Write your return address in the same fashion in the top left corner of the envelope. For more information, see How to Write an Address on an Envelope.
For example, in our Jones family example, our final address might look something like this:
The Jones Family (or "The Joneses")
21 Jump Street
Anytown, CA, 98765
As a general rule, whenever you're addressing an envelope to a family, the first line of the address is the one you'll change — the actual street address should remain untouched. In the following methods described below, it is to be assumed that the portion of the address following the "name" line should be written as normal.
2. Using Specific Family Members' Names
2-1. Begin with the parents' names and titles.
When addressing an envelope to an entire family, in addition to using the family name to stand for all of the family's members, you can also name some or all of them individually. This method is useful for letters such as wedding invitations in which it's important to convey who specifically the letter is for. To begin, on the first line of your address, write the parents' names. In most cases, you will want to use their appropriate titles (Mr. and Mrs. are always safe, while titles like "Dr.", "Judge", and so on are usually optional outside of formal or professional contexts).
For example, If we're inviting the Jones family to a housewarming party, we would start by writing the parents' names on the first line: .
It's also acceptable to use the traditional form of describing married couples in which the husband's full name serves for both partners: . However, this method isn't necessary.
Finally, you can also write each partner's full name, sans titles: . This is usually done in familiar, informal contexts, as using someone's first name rather than his or her title can be seen as rude if you don't know him or her well.
2-2. Follow with any children's names.
On the next line, list the names of children who are under 18 and live as dependents of the parents. You can provide the family name once at the end of the list of children's names (e.g., David, Chelsea, and Gabriela Richardson), or you can leave it out entirely (e.g., David, Chelsea, and Gabriela). If you know the ages of the children, list them from oldest to youngest.
For example, in our example party invitation scenario, we would write the names of the children in the family below the parent's names like so: . This means that the first two lines of our address would look something like this:
Mr. and Mrs. Jones
Emma and Peter
2-3. Alternatively, write the parents' names followed by "and Family".
In situations where you don't know the names of any or all children in the family, it's acceptable to refer to children collectively. In this case, on the second line where you would normally name the children, write "and Family". You may also use "and Children" to make your intent more specific.
In our example, we could replace Emma and Peter's names with the phrase "and Family" or "and Children" if we had forgotten their names. In this case, the first two lines of our address would look like this:
Mr. and Mrs. Jones
and Children
2-4. Omit children's names if the letter isn't intended for them.
The above examples assume that the letter is intended for both the parents and the children in the family. If this is not the case, name the relevant recipients in the first line, then proceed immediately to the street address without using the second line to list additional family members.
If, for instance, we wanted only to invite the parents in the Jones family to our party, we would use the standard without naming any of their children.
2-5. Send separate letters to children over 18.
If the family contains any children over 18 (or the traditional age of adulthood in the recipient's community), send these children their own, separate letter in addition to the one you send to their parents. Receiving your own mail is a sign of adulthood. Though it's relatively minor, it can be perceived as somewhat insulting to, for instance, be invited to a party via a letter addressed to one's parents.
3. Using an Inner and Outer Envelope
3-1. Address the outer envelope to the parents only.
Some types of letters make a point of requesting a response from the recipient. In situations like these, a small, usually pre-addressed reply envelope is often included inside the outer envelope. If you're mailing a letter like this, it's worth noting that the outer and inner envelopes are usually addressed slightly differently when the recipient is an entire family. To start, address the outer envelope (the one in which the contents of the letter and the second envelope are contained) with only the names of the parents or heads of the household.
For the outer envelope, write the parents' names as described in the section above. For example, if you're inviting the entire Jones family to your wedding, for the outer envelope, you would only write the names of the parents: , , or .
3-2. Address the inner envelope to all the recipients.
For the inner return envelope, the rules differ somewhat. If you're requesting a response for every member of the family (for instance, if you're inviting the entire family to your wedding), write the parents' names on the first line of the address and the children's names underneath on the second line. If, however, you're only requesting a response from the parents, you would only write their names on the first line of the address, then proceed to the street address and so on.
Note that the directions for the inner envelope refer to its return address. Obviously, the main address that tells where the envelope is being sent will be your own (or that of a relevant agency, business, PO box, etc.) so that their reply will be sent to the correct place.
In our wedding invitation example, if we're inviting the entire family, the return address of the inner envelope would have the parents' names on the first line followed by the names of the children on the second. The first two lines of the inner envelope's return address would look something like this:
Mr. and Mrs. Jones
Emma and Peter
3-3. Include a stamp on the return envelope.
Regardless of who specifically you're requesting a response from, it's always a sign of courtesy to pre-stamp your letter's return envelope. Stamps are relatively cheap, so including a stamp on the return envelope is more a sign of respect and care than it is actual financial aid. Still, it's usually best to avoid a minor faux pas by taking the time to give your letter's return envelope a stamp
As above, you should send separate letters to children who are over 18 (or are considered independent adults according to some other standard). In situations where you're sending letters with included return envelopes, this means that you'll need to address and stamp each return envelope with the name of the over-18 child in the return address as well.
Tips
Make sure it's to the right household
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Family Name\\n1-1. Write \\\"The (Surname) Family\\\" at the top of the address.\\nWhen you're looking to address an envelope to an entire family, rather than a single individual, you have two options: you can use the family name to represent the entire family, or you can specifically address the envelope to some (or all) of the family members. Let's tackle the first option first. The easiest way to address an envelope to an entire family is simply write \\\"The (Last Name of the Family) Family\\\" as the first line of your address. This method is a good choice for general communications (like friendly letters) but may be unwise for addressing envelopes in which it's important to know who the letter is specifically for (like wedding invitations).\\nFor example, if we're writing a letter to Tim and Janet Jones and their children Emma and Peter, we would address the envelope to .\\n1-2. Use the plural form of the family name.\\nAs an alternative to the above, it's also acceptable to simply use the plural form of the family's surname as the first line of the envelope's address. In this case, the plural family name is always preceded by the word \\\"The\\\" so that the final result is in the form of \\\"The Smiths\\\", \\\"The Garcias\\\", and so on.\\nDon't fall into the trap of using apostrophes here. Apostrophes are used to convey possession, not to make a word plural, so you shouldn't use them in the plural form of the family name. Most family names simply need an -s at the end to become plural (e.g. Thompsons, Lincolns). However, family names that end with an \\\"s\\\", \\\"sh\\\", or \\\"x\\\" sound usually need an -es at the end (e.g. Roses, Foxes, Welshes).\\nFollowing our example above, if we're writing a letter to the Jones family, in addition to using \\\"The Jones Family\\\" as the first line of our address, we can also simply use .\\n1-3. Address the rest of the envelope as normal.\\nRegardless of the method you use for the first line of your envelope's address, the rest of the address is written as it would be for any other letter. Under the first line containing the family name, write the street number or PO box, then, on the next line, write the city, state/province, postal code, and so on. If writing internationally, write the name of the country below on a separate fourth line. Write your return address in the same fashion in the top left corner of the envelope. For more information, see How to Write an Address on an Envelope.\\nFor example, in our Jones family example, our final address might look something like this:\\n\\nThe Jones Family (or \\\"The Joneses\\\")\\n21 Jump Street\\nAnytown, CA, 98765\\n\\nAs a general rule, whenever you're addressing an envelope to a family, the first line of the address is the one you'll change — the actual street address should remain untouched. In the following methods described below, it is to be assumed that the portion of the address following the \\\"name\\\" line should be written as normal.\\n2. Using Specific Family Members' Names\\n2-1. Begin with the parents' names and titles.\\nWhen addressing an envelope to an entire family, in addition to using the family name to stand for all of the family's members, you can also name some or all of them individually. This method is useful for letters such as wedding invitations in which it's important to convey who specifically the letter is for. To begin, on the first line of your address, write the parents' names. In most cases, you will want to use their appropriate titles (Mr. and Mrs. are always safe, while titles like \\\"Dr.\\\", \\\"Judge\\\", and so on are usually optional outside of formal or professional contexts).\\nFor example, If we're inviting the Jones family to a housewarming party, we would start by writing the parents' names on the first line: .\\nIt's also acceptable to use the traditional form of describing married couples in which the husband's full name serves for both partners: . However, this method isn't necessary.\\nFinally, you can also write each partner's full name, sans titles: . This is usually done in familiar, informal contexts, as using someone's first name rather than his or her title can be seen as rude if you don't know him or her well.\\n2-2. Follow with any children's names.\\nOn the next line, list the names of children who are under 18 and live as dependents of the parents. You can provide the family name once at the end of the list of children's names (e.g., David, Chelsea, and Gabriela Richardson), or you can leave it out entirely (e.g., David, Chelsea, and Gabriela). If you know the ages of the children, list them from oldest to youngest.\\nFor example, in our example party invitation scenario, we would write the names of the children in the family below the parent's names like so: . This means that the first two lines of our address would look something like this:\\nMr. and Mrs. Jones\\nEmma and Peter\\n2-3. Alternatively, write the parents' names followed by \\\"and Family\\\".\\nIn situations where you don't know the names of any or all children in the family, it's acceptable to refer to children collectively. In this case, on the second line where you would normally name the children, write \\\"and Family\\\". You may also use \\\"and Children\\\" to make your intent more specific.\\nIn our example, we could replace Emma and Peter's names with the phrase \\\"and Family\\\" or \\\"and Children\\\" if we had forgotten their names. In this case, the first two lines of our address would look like this:\\nMr. and Mrs. Jones\\nand Children\\n2-4. Omit children's names if the letter isn't intended for them.\\nThe above examples assume that the letter is intended for both the parents and the children in the family. If this is not the case, name the relevant recipients in the first line, then proceed immediately to the street address without using the second line to list additional family members.\\nIf, for instance, we wanted only to invite the parents in the Jones family to our party, we would use the standard without naming any of their children.\\n2-5. Send separate letters to children over 18.\\nIf the family contains any children over 18 (or the traditional age of adulthood in the recipient's community), send these children their own, separate letter in addition to the one you send to their parents. Receiving your own mail is a sign of adulthood. Though it's relatively minor, it can be perceived as somewhat insulting to, for instance, be invited to a party via a letter addressed to one's parents.\\n3. Using an Inner and Outer Envelope\\n3-1. Address the outer envelope to the parents only.\\nSome types of letters make a point of requesting a response from the recipient. In situations like these, a small, usually pre-addressed reply envelope is often included inside the outer envelope. If you're mailing a letter like this, it's worth noting that the outer and inner envelopes are usually addressed slightly differently when the recipient is an entire family. To start, address the outer envelope (the one in which the contents of the letter and the second envelope are contained) with only the names of the parents or heads of the household.\\nFor the outer envelope, write the parents' names as described in the section above. For example, if you're inviting the entire Jones family to your wedding, for the outer envelope, you would only write the names of the parents: , , or .\\n3-2. Address the inner envelope to all the recipients.\\nFor the inner return envelope, the rules differ somewhat. If you're requesting a response for every member of the family (for instance, if you're inviting the entire family to your wedding), write the parents' names on the first line of the address and the children's names underneath on the second line. If, however, you're only requesting a response from the parents, you would only write their names on the first line of the address, then proceed to the street address and so on.\\nNote that the directions for the inner envelope refer to its return address. Obviously, the main address that tells where the envelope is being sent will be your own (or that of a relevant agency, business, PO box, etc.) so that their reply will be sent to the correct place.\\nIn our wedding invitation example, if we're inviting the entire family, the return address of the inner envelope would have the parents' names on the first line followed by the names of the children on the second. The first two lines of the inner envelope's return address would look something like this:\\nMr. and Mrs. Jones\\nEmma and Peter\\n3-3. Include a stamp on the return envelope.\\nRegardless of who specifically you're requesting a response from, it's always a sign of courtesy to pre-stamp your letter's return envelope. Stamps are relatively cheap, so including a stamp on the return envelope is more a sign of respect and care than it is actual financial aid. Still, it's usually best to avoid a minor faux pas by taking the time to give your letter's return envelope a stamp\\nAs above, you should send separate letters to children who are over 18 (or are considered independent adults according to some other standard). In situations where you're sending letters with included return envelopes, this means that you'll need to address and stamp each return envelope with the name of the over-18 child in the return address as well.\\nTips\\nMake sure it's to the right household\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Addressing an envelope to a single person is a cinch - all you need is their name and title and you're ready to go. Addressing an envelope to a whole family, however, is a different matter. There are several different ways to address an envelope to a family, each with its own subtleties to consider. Though no single process is terribly difficult, understanding when (and how) to use each can be helpful for the purposes of etiquette. See Step 1 below to get started!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Family Name\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write \\\"The (Surname) Family\\\" at the top of the address.\", \"描述\": \"When you're looking to address an envelope to an entire family, rather than a single individual, you have two options: you can use the family name to represent the entire family, or you can specifically address the envelope to some (or all) of the family members. Let's tackle the first option first. The easiest way to address an envelope to an entire family is simply write \\\"The (Last Name of the Family) Family\\\" as the first line of your address. This method is a good choice for general communications (like friendly letters) but may be unwise for addressing envelopes in which it's important to know who the letter is specifically for (like wedding invitations).\\nFor example, if we're writing a letter to Tim and Janet Jones and their children Emma and Peter, we would address the envelope to .\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the plural form of the family name.\", \"描述\": \"As an alternative to the above, it's also acceptable to simply use the plural form of the family's surname as the first line of the envelope's address. In this case, the plural family name is always preceded by the word \\\"The\\\" so that the final result is in the form of \\\"The Smiths\\\", \\\"The Garcias\\\", and so on.\\nDon't fall into the trap of using apostrophes here. Apostrophes are used to convey possession, not to make a word plural, so you shouldn't use them in the plural form of the family name. Most family names simply need an -s at the end to become plural (e.g. Thompsons, Lincolns). However, family names that end with an \\\"s\\\", \\\"sh\\\", or \\\"x\\\" sound usually need an -es at the end (e.g. Roses, Foxes, Welshes).\\nFollowing our example above, if we're writing a letter to the Jones family, in addition to using \\\"The Jones Family\\\" as the first line of our address, we can also simply use .\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address the rest of the envelope as normal.\", \"描述\": \"Regardless of the method you use for the first line of your envelope's address, the rest of the address is written as it would be for any other letter. Under the first line containing the family name, write the street number or PO box, then, on the next line, write the city, state/province, postal code, and so on. If writing internationally, write the name of the country below on a separate fourth line. Write your return address in the same fashion in the top left corner of the envelope. For more information, see How to Write an Address on an Envelope.\\nFor example, in our Jones family example, our final address might look something like this:\\n\\nThe Jones Family (or \\\"The Joneses\\\")\\n21 Jump Street\\nAnytown, CA, 98765\\n\\nAs a general rule, whenever you're addressing an envelope to a family, the first line of the address is the one you'll change — the actual street address should remain untouched. In the following methods described below, it is to be assumed that the portion of the address following the \\\"name\\\" line should be written as normal.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Specific Family Members' Names\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Begin with the parents' names and titles.\", \"描述\": \"When addressing an envelope to an entire family, in addition to using the family name to stand for all of the family's members, you can also name some or all of them individually. This method is useful for letters such as wedding invitations in which it's important to convey who specifically the letter is for. To begin, on the first line of your address, write the parents' names. In most cases, you will want to use their appropriate titles (Mr. and Mrs. are always safe, while titles like \\\"Dr.\\\", \\\"Judge\\\", and so on are usually optional outside of formal or professional contexts).\\nFor example, If we're inviting the Jones family to a housewarming party, we would start by writing the parents' names on the first line: .\\nIt's also acceptable to use the traditional form of describing married couples in which the husband's full name serves for both partners: . However, this method isn't necessary.\\nFinally, you can also write each partner's full name, sans titles: . This is usually done in familiar, informal contexts, as using someone's first name rather than his or her title can be seen as rude if you don't know him or her well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow with any children's names.\", \"描述\": \"On the next line, list the names of children who are under 18 and live as dependents of the parents. You can provide the family name once at the end of the list of children's names (e.g., David, Chelsea, and Gabriela Richardson), or you can leave it out entirely (e.g., David, Chelsea, and Gabriela). If you know the ages of the children, list them from oldest to youngest.\\nFor example, in our example party invitation scenario, we would write the names of the children in the family below the parent's names like so: . This means that the first two lines of our address would look something like this:\\nMr. and Mrs. Jones\\nEmma and Peter\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Alternatively, write the parents' names followed by \\\"and Family\\\".\", \"描述\": \"In situations where you don't know the names of any or all children in the family, it's acceptable to refer to children collectively. In this case, on the second line where you would normally name the children, write \\\"and Family\\\". You may also use \\\"and Children\\\" to make your intent more specific.\\nIn our example, we could replace Emma and Peter's names with the phrase \\\"and Family\\\" or \\\"and Children\\\" if we had forgotten their names. In this case, the first two lines of our address would look like this:\\nMr. and Mrs. Jones\\nand Children\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Omit children's names if the letter isn't intended for them.\", \"描述\": \"The above examples assume that the letter is intended for both the parents and the children in the family. If this is not the case, name the relevant recipients in the first line, then proceed immediately to the street address without using the second line to list additional family members.\\nIf, for instance, we wanted only to invite the parents in the Jones family to our party, we would use the standard without naming any of their children.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Send separate letters to children over 18.\", \"描述\": \"If the family contains any children over 18 (or the traditional age of adulthood in the recipient's community), send these children their own, separate letter in addition to the one you send to their parents. Receiving your own mail is a sign of adulthood. Though it's relatively minor, it can be perceived as somewhat insulting to, for instance, be invited to a party via a letter addressed to one's parents.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using an Inner and Outer Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the outer envelope to the parents only.\", \"描述\": \"Some types of letters make a point of requesting a response from the recipient. In situations like these, a small, usually pre-addressed reply envelope is often included inside the outer envelope. If you're mailing a letter like this, it's worth noting that the outer and inner envelopes are usually addressed slightly differently when the recipient is an entire family. To start, address the outer envelope (the one in which the contents of the letter and the second envelope are contained) with only the names of the parents or heads of the household.\\nFor the outer envelope, write the parents' names as described in the section above. For example, if you're inviting the entire Jones family to your wedding, for the outer envelope, you would only write the names of the parents: , , or .\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address the inner envelope to all the recipients.\", \"描述\": \"For the inner return envelope, the rules differ somewhat. If you're requesting a response for every member of the family (for instance, if you're inviting the entire family to your wedding), write the parents' names on the first line of the address and the children's names underneath on the second line. If, however, you're only requesting a response from the parents, you would only write their names on the first line of the address, then proceed to the street address and so on.\\nNote that the directions for the inner envelope refer to its return address. Obviously, the main address that tells where the envelope is being sent will be your own (or that of a relevant agency, business, PO box, etc.) so that their reply will be sent to the correct place.\\nIn our wedding invitation example, if we're inviting the entire family, the return address of the inner envelope would have the parents' names on the first line followed by the names of the children on the second. The first two lines of the inner envelope's return address would look something like this:\\nMr. and Mrs. Jones\\nEmma and Peter\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include a stamp on the return envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Regardless of who specifically you're requesting a response from, it's always a sign of courtesy to pre-stamp your letter's return envelope. Stamps are relatively cheap, so including a stamp on the return envelope is more a sign of respect and care than it is actual financial aid. Still, it's usually best to avoid a minor faux pas by taking the time to give your letter's return envelope a stamp\\nAs above, you should send separate letters to children who are over 18 (or are considered independent adults according to some other standard). In situations where you're sending letters with included return envelopes, this means that you'll need to address and stamp each return envelope with the name of the over-18 child in the return address as well.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure it's to the right household\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,284 | How to Address an Envelope to a Married Couple | 1. Writing a Formal Envelope
1-1. Use "Mr.
Although the rules of etiquette are quickly changing, traditionally couples are addressed using the husband's name. For example:
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Gaiman
Mr. and Ms. John Steele
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Oster
1-2. Put just the titles and couple's last name for a bold look.
If you don't want to write the couple's first names, write their titles and the family name. For example, put Mr. and Ms. Gaiman or Mr. and Mrs. Cameron.
This is a good option if you're addressing lots of envelopes and would like to save a little time.
1-3. Write the person's official title before their name if applicable.
If either person or both people are in the military, have a graduate degree, or are members of the clergy, write their title before listing their first or last name.
For example, you might write Dr. Matt Rivers and Dr. Megan Merritt. If one of them is clergy, you may list The Reverend and Mrs. Jordan. For military, you could write Lieutenant Beth March and Mr. Greg Wharton.
1-4. Include first names if you're writing a last name with a hyphen.
If one of the person's married name is hyphenated, list each person's title and first name. You should also list the full name of the person who's married name isn't hyphenated.
For example, write Mr. Matthew Vargas and Ms. Sofia Townsend-Vargas.
2. Addressing an Informal Envelope
2-1. List the couple's first names for an informal style.
To keep it personal and casual, write the couple's first and last names and forgo the titles. Put either of the names first or place them alphabetically.
For example, write Adam and Ruben Martinez or Olivia and Jackson Montgomery.
2-2. Put the couple's names and then "and Family" for a casual envelope.
If you'd like to address a married couple along with their household, list the couple's first names along with their shared last name or different last names. Then write "and Family" after the names.
For example, write Ava and Mark Lee and Family. For different last names, write Ava Tan, Mark Lee, and Family.
2-3. Write the family's last name if you don't want to list individual names.
For a simple way to address the couple and their family, just write the family name. For example, write The Lee Family or The Tan-Lee Family.
If you're writing a formal envelope that has an inner envelope as well, you can list their individual names on the inner one.
3. Writing Address Information
3-1. Write the couple's names on the center of the envelope.
Once you've decided how you'd like to address the couple, put their names in the center of the envelope. Leave yourself lots of space to write out their names on a single line.
3-2. Include the address under the names.
On the line below the names, write the street address or P.O. box, name of the city, state or province, and postal code. For example, your address may look like this:
Mr. and Mrs. Riggs2044 Willowbend Rd.Columbia, MO 65201
3-3. Put your return address in the upper left corner of the envelope.
It's important to put a return address so the letter can be returned to you if it can't be delivered. List either your full name or last name in the top left corner. Under your name, write your full mailing address. For example, your return address may look like:
Cole Jameson1254 Heather St.Grand Lake, CO 80448
Tips
To address an envelope to an unmarried couple, list their names in alphabetical order.[12]
X
Research source
If you're addressing a large number of envelopes, choose a single method and remain consistent.
If you're sending the envelope internationally, write the name of the country on the line below the postal code.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:44:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Writing a Formal Envelope\\n1-1. Use \\\"Mr.\\nAlthough the rules of etiquette are quickly changing, traditionally couples are addressed using the husband's name. For example:\\nMr. and Mrs. Robert Gaiman\\nMr. and Ms. John Steele\\nMr. and Mrs. Bill Oster\\n1-2. Put just the titles and couple's last name for a bold look.\\nIf you don't want to write the couple's first names, write their titles and the family name. For example, put Mr. and Ms. Gaiman or Mr. and Mrs. Cameron.\\nThis is a good option if you're addressing lots of envelopes and would like to save a little time.\\n1-3. Write the person's official title before their name if applicable.\\nIf either person or both people are in the military, have a graduate degree, or are members of the clergy, write their title before listing their first or last name.\\nFor example, you might write Dr. Matt Rivers and Dr. Megan Merritt. If one of them is clergy, you may list The Reverend and Mrs. Jordan. For military, you could write Lieutenant Beth March and Mr. Greg Wharton.\\n1-4. Include first names if you're writing a last name with a hyphen.\\nIf one of the person's married name is hyphenated, list each person's title and first name. You should also list the full name of the person who's married name isn't hyphenated.\\nFor example, write Mr. Matthew Vargas and Ms. Sofia Townsend-Vargas.\\n2. Addressing an Informal Envelope\\n2-1. List the couple's first names for an informal style.\\nTo keep it personal and casual, write the couple's first and last names and forgo the titles. Put either of the names first or place them alphabetically.\\nFor example, write Adam and Ruben Martinez or Olivia and Jackson Montgomery.\\n2-2. Put the couple's names and then \\\"and Family\\\" for a casual envelope.\\nIf you'd like to address a married couple along with their household, list the couple's first names along with their shared last name or different last names. Then write \\\"and Family\\\" after the names.\\nFor example, write Ava and Mark Lee and Family. For different last names, write Ava Tan, Mark Lee, and Family.\\n2-3. Write the family's last name if you don't want to list individual names.\\nFor a simple way to address the couple and their family, just write the family name. For example, write The Lee Family or The Tan-Lee Family.\\nIf you're writing a formal envelope that has an inner envelope as well, you can list their individual names on the inner one.\\n3. Writing Address Information\\n3-1. Write the couple's names on the center of the envelope.\\nOnce you've decided how you'd like to address the couple, put their names in the center of the envelope. Leave yourself lots of space to write out their names on a single line.\\n3-2. Include the address under the names.\\nOn the line below the names, write the street address or P.O. box, name of the city, state or province, and postal code. For example, your address may look like this:\\nMr. and Mrs. Riggs2044 Willowbend Rd.Columbia, MO 65201\\n3-3. Put your return address in the upper left corner of the envelope.\\nIt's important to put a return address so the letter can be returned to you if it can't be delivered. List either your full name or last name in the top left corner. Under your name, write your full mailing address. For example, your return address may look like:\\nCole Jameson1254 Heather St.Grand Lake, CO 80448\\nTips\\nTo address an envelope to an unmarried couple, list their names in alphabetical order.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you're addressing a large number of envelopes, choose a single method and remain consistent.\\nIf you're sending the envelope internationally, write the name of the country on the line below the postal code.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"It's easy to feel overwhelmed by the etiquette of addressing a couple. Fortunately, traditions are changing and there's no longer a \\\"right\\\" or \\\"wrong\\\" way. Consider whether the couple uses the same last name, hyphenates, or uses different names. Then determine if you'd like to use formal titles or just list their names. Always remember to put accurate mailing information and include your return address on the envelope.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing a Formal Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"Mr.\", \"描述\": \"Although the rules of etiquette are quickly changing, traditionally couples are addressed using the husband's name. For example:\\nMr. and Mrs. Robert Gaiman\\nMr. and Ms. John Steele\\nMr. and Mrs. Bill Oster\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Put just the titles and couple's last name for a bold look.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't want to write the couple's first names, write their titles and the family name. For example, put Mr. and Ms. Gaiman or Mr. and Mrs. Cameron.\\nThis is a good option if you're addressing lots of envelopes and would like to save a little time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write the person's official title before their name if applicable.\", \"描述\": \"If either person or both people are in the military, have a graduate degree, or are members of the clergy, write their title before listing their first or last name.\\nFor example, you might write Dr. Matt Rivers and Dr. Megan Merritt. If one of them is clergy, you may list The Reverend and Mrs. Jordan. For military, you could write Lieutenant Beth March and Mr. Greg Wharton.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Include first names if you're writing a last name with a hyphen.\", \"描述\": \"If one of the person's married name is hyphenated, list each person's title and first name. You should also list the full name of the person who's married name isn't hyphenated.\\nFor example, write Mr. Matthew Vargas and Ms. Sofia Townsend-Vargas.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing an Informal Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"List the couple's first names for an informal style.\", \"描述\": \"To keep it personal and casual, write the couple's first and last names and forgo the titles. Put either of the names first or place them alphabetically.\\nFor example, write Adam and Ruben Martinez or Olivia and Jackson Montgomery.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Put the couple's names and then \\\"and Family\\\" for a casual envelope.\", \"描述\": \"If you'd like to address a married couple along with their household, list the couple's first names along with their shared last name or different last names. Then write \\\"and Family\\\" after the names.\\nFor example, write Ava and Mark Lee and Family. For different last names, write Ava Tan, Mark Lee, and Family.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write the family's last name if you don't want to list individual names.\", \"描述\": \"For a simple way to address the couple and their family, just write the family name. For example, write The Lee Family or The Tan-Lee Family.\\nIf you're writing a formal envelope that has an inner envelope as well, you can list their individual names on the inner one.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Writing Address Information\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write the couple's names on the center of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've decided how you'd like to address the couple, put their names in the center of the envelope. Leave yourself lots of space to write out their names on a single line.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include the address under the names.\", \"描述\": \"On the line below the names, write the street address or P.O. box, name of the city, state or province, and postal code. For example, your address may look like this:\\nMr. and Mrs. Riggs2044 Willowbend Rd.Columbia, MO 65201\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put your return address in the upper left corner of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"It's important to put a return address so the letter can be returned to you if it can't be delivered. List either your full name or last name in the top left corner. Under your name, write your full mailing address. For example, your return address may look like:\\nCole Jameson1254 Heather St.Grand Lake, CO 80448\"}], \"小提示\": [\"To address an envelope to an unmarried couple, list their names in alphabetical order.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you're addressing a large number of envelopes, choose a single method and remain consistent.\\n\", \"If you're sending the envelope internationally, write the name of the country on the line below the postal code.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,285 | How to Address an MP | 1. Addressing an MP in Writing and Conversation
1-1. Refer to an MP by their title and surname when speaking to them.
When in conversation with an MP, use their title (such as Dr., Mr., Mrs., or Ms.) and their last name. For example, you’d say, “Pleased to meet you, Mr. Smith.” Look on your nation’s parliament website to find your MP’s preferred title.
It’s important to double check their title instead of making an assumption. For instance, a married woman may prefer to go by Ms. instead of Mrs., or you might not have known that your MP has a doctoral degree.
1-2. List “MP” after their title and name on an envelope address.
In most cases, the format for an envelope address is Title, Full Name, MP. You’d write “Mr. John Smith, MP” on the first line, then include their mailing address on the next lines.
Follow the abbreviation conventions of the MP’s nation. Write "Mr" if you're writing to a British MP, and "Mr." if you’re writing to a Canadian MP.
If you’re writing to a member of the European Parliament, use the abbreviation MEP after their name.
Use the abbreviation MSP for members of the Scottish Parliament.
1-3. Use their title and last name in the salutation of a letter.
Don’t include “MP” or “MEP” in a salutation, or the greeting at the start of a letter. Just use their title and last name. Write “Dear Mr. Smith,” or “Dear Mrs. Doe,” then follow with the body of your letter.
1-4. Include “Sir” if your MP is a knight.
For a knighted MP, you’ll need to use “Sir” in conversation, on an envelope address, and in a salutation.
For instance, if your MP is Sir Steven Ashley, address him in conversation as “Sir Steven” or “Sir.” Write “Sir Steven Ashley, MP” on an envelope address. For the salutation, write “Sir Steven,” or “Dear Sir Steven.”
If your MP is the spouse of a knight, she may use the honorific title "Lady" before her surname. If she uses her married name, write "Jane, Lady Smith, MP" on an envelope, and address her as "Lady Smith" in conversation and salutation. If she uses her maiden name professionally, you'd write on the envelope "Jane (Lady Smith) Doe, MP" and address her as "Ms (or Dr or Mrs) Doe" (her listing on the parliament website will list her preferred title).
1-5. Include "Dame" for women who've received the honorific title.
If your MP is a woman who's been appointed to an order of chivalry, such as Dame Angela Watkinson, address her in conversation as "Dame Angela" or "Madam." Write "Dame Angela Watkinson, MP" on the envelope address, and "Dear Dame Angela," or "Madam," in the salutation.
Unlike spouses of knights, spouses of dames do not receive an honorific title.
2. Addressing Privy and Executive Councillors
2-1. Check if your MP is a privy or executive councillor.
You’ll need to include an honorable title if you’re addressing a privy councillor, federal executive councillor, minister, or assistant minister. Find your MP’s listing on your nation’s parliament website. If “Rt Hon” or “Hon.” is included with the name on their parliament listing, you’ll need to include it in an envelope address.
2-2. Refer to a councillor by their title and surname.
Just say “Mr. Smith” or “Dr. Doe” when conversing with a councillor or writing a salutation. Examples of honorable councillors include members of a privy council (such as the Privy Council of the UK or the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada) or executive council (such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia).
2-3. Include an honorable title before their full name on an envelope address.
The major difference in addressing a councillor is that you have to include an honorable title in an envelope address. For example, in the UK, it’s proper to address a privy councillor as “Rt Hon” (Right Honourable).
Since Diane Abbott is a privy councillor, you’d write, “The Rt Hon Diane Abbott, MP” on an envelope address.
Since Sir Greg Knight is also a knight, you’d write, “Rt Hon Sir Greg Knight, MP.”
For Dame Caroline Spelman, you'd write, "Rt Hon Dame Caroline Spelman, MP."
In Canada, it’s customary to use "The Honourable" and include “PC” after a privy councillor’s name: “The Honourable Carolyn Bennett, PC, MP.”
If you choose to spell out the title, use honorable or honourable according to the spelling conventions of the MP’s nation.
3. Addressing Ministers
3-1. See if the MP is a minister or assistant minister.
Go to their listing on the parliament website. Look for an honorable title listed before their name, and check for information about their ministerial appointments.
If your MP is an appointed minister or assistant, you’ll need to include their ministry in an envelope address.
3-2. Use “Minister” or “Assistant Minister” in conversation and salutations.
While you could use Dr. or Mrs. if you’re in an informal setting, the proper title is “Minister” or “Assistant Minister.”
If you’re speaking with or writing a salutation to Australian MP Julie Bishop, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, you’d use “Minister Bishop” or “Dear Minister Bishop.”
3-3. Include an honorable title and their ministry on an envelope address.
You don’t have to refer to them as minister when you write their name on the first line. However, you do have to include an honorable title before their name. On the second line, refer to them as "Minister of," then name the appropriate government ministry.
If you’re writing to Australian MP Julie Bishop, your envelope address should look like this:The Honourable Julie Bishop, MPMinister for Foreign AffairsPO Box 6022House of RepresentativesParliament HouseCanberra ACT 2600Australia
4. Addressing the Speaker of the House
4-1. Use “Mister or Madam Speaker” in conversation.
In any setting, it’s proper to use the formal title when addressing a parliament speaker in person.
If you’re conversing with Tony Smith, the Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, you’d always say, “Mister Speaker.”
4-2. Include “Speaker” when you write to them formally.
If you’re addressing them in their capacity as speaker, you’d use the formal salutation “Mister or Madam Speaker.” You’ll also need to include an honorable title in the first line of the envelope address and list their role as speaker on the second line.
If you’re writing to Speaker John Bercow of the UK House of Commons, you’d use “Dear Mr Speaker,” as your salutation. The envelope address should read:The Rt Hon John Bercow, MPSpeaker of the House of Commons
4-3. Use their honorable title and name if you’re their constituent.
If you’re addressing a speaker in their electoral capacity as their constituent, it’s acceptable to omit “Speaker” from the salutation and envelope address. You still need to include the honorable title before their name on an envelope address.
For example, suppose you live in Casey, Victoria, and your MP is Speaker Tony Smith. If you’re writing to him about a local issue as your elected official, you’d use “Dear Mr Smith,” as your salutation.
Your envelope address would just read, “The Honourable Tony Smith, MP,” followed by his constituency's (in this case, Victoria) mailing address. Since you’re addressing him as your MP, you wouldn’t have to include “Speaker of the House of Representatives” in the envelope address.
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing an MP in Writing and Conversation\\n1-1. Refer to an MP by their title and surname when speaking to them.\\nWhen in conversation with an MP, use their title (such as Dr., Mr., Mrs., or Ms.) and their last name. For example, you’d say, “Pleased to meet you, Mr. Smith.” Look on your nation’s parliament website to find your MP’s preferred title. \\nIt’s important to double check their title instead of making an assumption. For instance, a married woman may prefer to go by Ms. instead of Mrs., or you might not have known that your MP has a doctoral degree.\\n1-2. List “MP” after their title and name on an envelope address.\\nIn most cases, the format for an envelope address is Title, Full Name, MP. You’d write “Mr. John Smith, MP” on the first line, then include their mailing address on the next lines.\\nFollow the abbreviation conventions of the MP’s nation. Write \\\"Mr\\\" if you're writing to a British MP, and \\\"Mr.\\\" if you’re writing to a Canadian MP.\\nIf you’re writing to a member of the European Parliament, use the abbreviation MEP after their name.\\nUse the abbreviation MSP for members of the Scottish Parliament.\\n1-3. Use their title and last name in the salutation of a letter.\\nDon’t include “MP” or “MEP” in a salutation, or the greeting at the start of a letter. Just use their title and last name. Write “Dear Mr. Smith,” or “Dear Mrs. Doe,” then follow with the body of your letter.\\n1-4. Include “Sir” if your MP is a knight.\\nFor a knighted MP, you’ll need to use “Sir” in conversation, on an envelope address, and in a salutation.\\nFor instance, if your MP is Sir Steven Ashley, address him in conversation as “Sir Steven” or “Sir.” Write “Sir Steven Ashley, MP” on an envelope address. For the salutation, write “Sir Steven,” or “Dear Sir Steven.”\\nIf your MP is the spouse of a knight, she may use the honorific title \\\"Lady\\\" before her surname. If she uses her married name, write \\\"Jane, Lady Smith, MP\\\" on an envelope, and address her as \\\"Lady Smith\\\" in conversation and salutation. If she uses her maiden name professionally, you'd write on the envelope \\\"Jane (Lady Smith) Doe, MP\\\" and address her as \\\"Ms (or Dr or Mrs) Doe\\\" (her listing on the parliament website will list her preferred title).\\n1-5. Include \\\"Dame\\\" for women who've received the honorific title.\\nIf your MP is a woman who's been appointed to an order of chivalry, such as Dame Angela Watkinson, address her in conversation as \\\"Dame Angela\\\" or \\\"Madam.\\\" Write \\\"Dame Angela Watkinson, MP\\\" on the envelope address, and \\\"Dear Dame Angela,\\\" or \\\"Madam,\\\" in the salutation.\\nUnlike spouses of knights, spouses of dames do not receive an honorific title.\\n2. Addressing Privy and Executive Councillors\\n2-1. Check if your MP is a privy or executive councillor.\\nYou’ll need to include an honorable title if you’re addressing a privy councillor, federal executive councillor, minister, or assistant minister. Find your MP’s listing on your nation’s parliament website. If “Rt Hon” or “Hon.” is included with the name on their parliament listing, you’ll need to include it in an envelope address.\\n2-2. Refer to a councillor by their title and surname.\\nJust say “Mr. Smith” or “Dr. Doe” when conversing with a councillor or writing a salutation. Examples of honorable councillors include members of a privy council (such as the Privy Council of the UK or the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada) or executive council (such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia).\\n2-3. Include an honorable title before their full name on an envelope address.\\nThe major difference in addressing a councillor is that you have to include an honorable title in an envelope address. For example, in the UK, it’s proper to address a privy councillor as “Rt Hon” (Right Honourable).\\nSince Diane Abbott is a privy councillor, you’d write, “The Rt Hon Diane Abbott, MP” on an envelope address.\\nSince Sir Greg Knight is also a knight, you’d write, “Rt Hon Sir Greg Knight, MP.”\\nFor Dame Caroline Spelman, you'd write, \\\"Rt Hon Dame Caroline Spelman, MP.\\\"\\nIn Canada, it’s customary to use \\\"The Honourable\\\" and include “PC” after a privy councillor’s name: “The Honourable Carolyn Bennett, PC, MP.”\\nIf you choose to spell out the title, use honorable or honourable according to the spelling conventions of the MP’s nation.\\n3. Addressing Ministers\\n3-1. See if the MP is a minister or assistant minister.\\nGo to their listing on the parliament website. Look for an honorable title listed before their name, and check for information about their ministerial appointments.\\nIf your MP is an appointed minister or assistant, you’ll need to include their ministry in an envelope address.\\n3-2. Use “Minister” or “Assistant Minister” in conversation and salutations.\\nWhile you could use Dr. or Mrs. if you’re in an informal setting, the proper title is “Minister” or “Assistant Minister.” \\nIf you’re speaking with or writing a salutation to Australian MP Julie Bishop, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, you’d use “Minister Bishop” or “Dear Minister Bishop.”\\n3-3. Include an honorable title and their ministry on an envelope address.\\nYou don’t have to refer to them as minister when you write their name on the first line. However, you do have to include an honorable title before their name. On the second line, refer to them as \\\"Minister of,\\\" then name the appropriate government ministry.\\nIf you’re writing to Australian MP Julie Bishop, your envelope address should look like this:The Honourable Julie Bishop, MPMinister for Foreign AffairsPO Box 6022House of RepresentativesParliament HouseCanberra ACT 2600Australia\\n4. Addressing the Speaker of the House\\n4-1. Use “Mister or Madam Speaker” in conversation.\\nIn any setting, it’s proper to use the formal title when addressing a parliament speaker in person.\\nIf you’re conversing with Tony Smith, the Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, you’d always say, “Mister Speaker.”\\n4-2. Include “Speaker” when you write to them formally.\\nIf you’re addressing them in their capacity as speaker, you’d use the formal salutation “Mister or Madam Speaker.” You’ll also need to include an honorable title in the first line of the envelope address and list their role as speaker on the second line.\\nIf you’re writing to Speaker John Bercow of the UK House of Commons, you’d use “Dear Mr Speaker,” as your salutation. The envelope address should read:The Rt Hon John Bercow, MPSpeaker of the House of Commons\\n4-3. Use their honorable title and name if you’re their constituent.\\nIf you’re addressing a speaker in their electoral capacity as their constituent, it’s acceptable to omit “Speaker” from the salutation and envelope address. You still need to include the honorable title before their name on an envelope address.\\nFor example, suppose you live in Casey, Victoria, and your MP is Speaker Tony Smith. If you’re writing to him about a local issue as your elected official, you’d use “Dear Mr Smith,” as your salutation.\\nYour envelope address would just read, “The Honourable Tony Smith, MP,” followed by his constituency's (in this case, Victoria) mailing address. Since you’re addressing him as your MP, you wouldn’t have to include “Speaker of the House of Representatives” in the envelope address.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Addressing a member of parliament (MP) involves protocols that can get a bit confusing. When addressing an MP in person or in a letter’s salutation, you’ll usually use an ordinary title, such as Dr. or Mr. If you’re writing them a letter, include “MP” after their name on the first line of the envelope’s address. Things can get tricky if your MP is also a knight, dame, honorable councillor, minister, assistant minister, or house speaker. It might seem complicated at first, but you’ll find that sorting out proper protocol and titles is a breeze.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing an MP in Writing and Conversation\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Refer to an MP by their title and surname when speaking to them.\", \"描述\": \"When in conversation with an MP, use their title (such as Dr., Mr., Mrs., or Ms.) and their last name. For example, you’d say, “Pleased to meet you, Mr. Smith.” Look on your nation’s parliament website to find your MP’s preferred title. \\nIt’s important to double check their title instead of making an assumption. For instance, a married woman may prefer to go by Ms. instead of Mrs., or you might not have known that your MP has a doctoral degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"List “MP” after their title and name on an envelope address.\", \"描述\": \"In most cases, the format for an envelope address is Title, Full Name, MP. You’d write “Mr. John Smith, MP” on the first line, then include their mailing address on the next lines.\\nFollow the abbreviation conventions of the MP’s nation. Write \\\"Mr\\\" if you're writing to a British MP, and \\\"Mr.\\\" if you’re writing to a Canadian MP.\\nIf you’re writing to a member of the European Parliament, use the abbreviation MEP after their name.\\nUse the abbreviation MSP for members of the Scottish Parliament.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use their title and last name in the salutation of a letter.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t include “MP” or “MEP” in a salutation, or the greeting at the start of a letter. Just use their title and last name. Write “Dear Mr. Smith,” or “Dear Mrs. Doe,” then follow with the body of your letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Include “Sir” if your MP is a knight.\", \"描述\": \"For a knighted MP, you’ll need to use “Sir” in conversation, on an envelope address, and in a salutation.\\nFor instance, if your MP is Sir Steven Ashley, address him in conversation as “Sir Steven” or “Sir.” Write “Sir Steven Ashley, MP” on an envelope address. For the salutation, write “Sir Steven,” or “Dear Sir Steven.”\\nIf your MP is the spouse of a knight, she may use the honorific title \\\"Lady\\\" before her surname. If she uses her married name, write \\\"Jane, Lady Smith, MP\\\" on an envelope, and address her as \\\"Lady Smith\\\" in conversation and salutation. If she uses her maiden name professionally, you'd write on the envelope \\\"Jane (Lady Smith) Doe, MP\\\" and address her as \\\"Ms (or Dr or Mrs) Doe\\\" (her listing on the parliament website will list her preferred title).\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Include \\\"Dame\\\" for women who've received the honorific title.\", \"描述\": \"If your MP is a woman who's been appointed to an order of chivalry, such as Dame Angela Watkinson, address her in conversation as \\\"Dame Angela\\\" or \\\"Madam.\\\" Write \\\"Dame Angela Watkinson, MP\\\" on the envelope address, and \\\"Dear Dame Angela,\\\" or \\\"Madam,\\\" in the salutation.\\nUnlike spouses of knights, spouses of dames do not receive an honorific title.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing Privy and Executive Councillors\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check if your MP is a privy or executive councillor.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to include an honorable title if you’re addressing a privy councillor, federal executive councillor, minister, or assistant minister. Find your MP’s listing on your nation’s parliament website. If “Rt Hon” or “Hon.” is included with the name on their parliament listing, you’ll need to include it in an envelope address.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Refer to a councillor by their title and surname.\", \"描述\": \"Just say “Mr. Smith” or “Dr. Doe” when conversing with a councillor or writing a salutation. Examples of honorable councillors include members of a privy council (such as the Privy Council of the UK or the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada) or executive council (such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include an honorable title before their full name on an envelope address.\", \"描述\": \"The major difference in addressing a councillor is that you have to include an honorable title in an envelope address. For example, in the UK, it’s proper to address a privy councillor as “Rt Hon” (Right Honourable).\\nSince Diane Abbott is a privy councillor, you’d write, “The Rt Hon Diane Abbott, MP” on an envelope address.\\nSince Sir Greg Knight is also a knight, you’d write, “Rt Hon Sir Greg Knight, MP.”\\nFor Dame Caroline Spelman, you'd write, \\\"Rt Hon Dame Caroline Spelman, MP.\\\"\\nIn Canada, it’s customary to use \\\"The Honourable\\\" and include “PC” after a privy councillor’s name: “The Honourable Carolyn Bennett, PC, MP.”\\nIf you choose to spell out the title, use honorable or honourable according to the spelling conventions of the MP’s nation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing Ministers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"See if the MP is a minister or assistant minister.\", \"描述\": \"Go to their listing on the parliament website. Look for an honorable title listed before their name, and check for information about their ministerial appointments.\\nIf your MP is an appointed minister or assistant, you’ll need to include their ministry in an envelope address.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use “Minister” or “Assistant Minister” in conversation and salutations.\", \"描述\": \"While you could use Dr. or Mrs. if you’re in an informal setting, the proper title is “Minister” or “Assistant Minister.” \\nIf you’re speaking with or writing a salutation to Australian MP Julie Bishop, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, you’d use “Minister Bishop” or “Dear Minister Bishop.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Include an honorable title and their ministry on an envelope address.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t have to refer to them as minister when you write their name on the first line. However, you do have to include an honorable title before their name. On the second line, refer to them as \\\"Minister of,\\\" then name the appropriate government ministry.\\nIf you’re writing to Australian MP Julie Bishop, your envelope address should look like this:The Honourable Julie Bishop, MPMinister for Foreign AffairsPO Box 6022House of RepresentativesParliament HouseCanberra ACT 2600Australia\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Speaker of the House\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use “Mister or Madam Speaker” in conversation.\", \"描述\": \"In any setting, it’s proper to use the formal title when addressing a parliament speaker in person.\\nIf you’re conversing with Tony Smith, the Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, you’d always say, “Mister Speaker.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include “Speaker” when you write to them formally.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re addressing them in their capacity as speaker, you’d use the formal salutation “Mister or Madam Speaker.” You’ll also need to include an honorable title in the first line of the envelope address and list their role as speaker on the second line.\\nIf you’re writing to Speaker John Bercow of the UK House of Commons, you’d use “Dear Mr Speaker,” as your salutation. The envelope address should read:The Rt Hon John Bercow, MPSpeaker of the House of Commons\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use their honorable title and name if you’re their constituent.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re addressing a speaker in their electoral capacity as their constituent, it’s acceptable to omit “Speaker” from the salutation and envelope address. You still need to include the honorable title before their name on an envelope address.\\nFor example, suppose you live in Casey, Victoria, and your MP is Speaker Tony Smith. If you’re writing to him about a local issue as your elected official, you’d use “Dear Mr Smith,” as your salutation.\\nYour envelope address would just read, “The Honourable Tony Smith, MP,” followed by his constituency's (in this case, Victoria) mailing address. Since you’re addressing him as your MP, you wouldn’t have to include “Speaker of the House of Representatives” in the envelope address.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,286 | How to Address the Pope | 1. Addressing the Pope in Writing
1-1. Address the Pope as "Your Holiness."
Another acceptable way to address the Pope in writing would be "Most Holy Father."
Note, however, that on the envelope, you should address the Pope as “His Holiness, ________” with the Pope's name in the blank. For instance, if writing to Pope Francis, the envelope would read, “His Holiness, Pope Francis.”
1-2. Maintain a respectful tone.
Throughout the body of the letter, your tone should be polite and gracious. You do not need to write in flowery language, but your language should be on par with how you would speak or be expected to speak inside a Catholic church.
Avoid swearing, slang, derogatory language, or any other forms of impolite speech.
Write out everything you need or want to say, but keep in mind that the Pope is a busy man. Instead of dragging on and spending extensive space on flattery, it would be better for all parties concerned if you kept the formalities basic and went directly into the purpose of your letter.
1-3. Conclude the letter politely.
As a Roman Catholic, you should conclude the letter with a sentence along the lines of, "I have the honor to profess myself with the most profound respect. Your Holiness' most obedient and humble servant," before signing your name.
If you are not a Catholic, you can change the closing to something along the lines of, "With every good wish to Your Holiness, I am, Sincerely Yours," followed by your signature.
Something as simple as "With every best wish. Sincerely yours," with a signature after it would also work for a non-Catholic writing to the Pope.
Regardless of the exact wording you choose, the level of respect you demonstrate should correspond to the minimum level of respect you should have for someone in the Pope's position, at the very least. Someone who does not follow Catholic teaching or who disagrees with the Pope should still recognize his position of authority and close in a respectful manner. Anyone who does follow Catholic teaching should demonstrate the respect expected from one addressing the leader of his or her faith on Earth.
1-4. Know the Vatican mailing address.
If you plan to send your letter by traditional mail, you should write the address on the envelope as: His Holiness, Pope Francis / Apostolic Palace / 00120 Vatican City.
Note that you should separate the address onto separate lines according to the placements of the slashes, .
Other ways to write the same address include:
His Holiness, Pope Francis PP. / 00120 Via del Pellegrino / Citta del Vaticano
His Holiness Pope Francis / Apostolic Palace / Vatican City
His Holiness Pope Francis / Vatican City State, 00120
Do not write "Italy" on the envelope as the country. The Vatican is considered its own independent nation, completely separate from Italy.
2. Addressing the Pope in Person
2-1. Refer to the Pope as "Holy Father.”
Other appropriate ways to address the Pope in person include "Your Holiness" and "Most Holy Father."
“His Holiness” and “Holy Father” both address the Pope by his title and position in the Church. You should address the Pope only by these titles rather than by his name when speaking to him face-to-face.
2-2. Stand and applaud as the Pope enters.
The amount of applause will vary depending on the venue, but you should always stand in respect once the Pope walks into the room you are in.
Usually, if the venue is a small room with a small to mid-size crowd, the applause is quiet and polite.
For large venues, however, like a stadium Mass, loud applause and even cheers are appropriate.
2-3. Genuflect as the Pope approaches.
If the Pope approaches you directly, you should kneel with your right knee bent to the floor.
You do not need to make the Sign of the Cross, as you would do while genuflecting to the Eucharist, but you should still bend at the knee. Genuflection is a sign of high respect.
2-4. Kiss his ring, when appropriate.
If you are Catholic and if the Pope offers you his hand, that would be an appropriate time to plant a quick yet respectful kiss on the Piscatory ring, also known as the Ring of the Fisherman, traditionally worn by the Pope.
On the other hand, if the Pope offers you his hand and you are not Catholic, you are not obligated to kiss the ring. You could simply shake his hand, instead.
The Ring of the Fisherman is a symbol and mark of the office. By kissing it, you show both respect and sincere affection for the man who holds that office.
2-5. Speak respectfully, clearly, and concisely.
Plan what to say beforehand so that you do not stumble too much over your words, and maintain a tone that is both clear and respectful the entire time.
Start by introducing yourself. Give your name and say something important or fitting about yourself.
If you came to the Vatican for a specific purpose or desired an audience with the Pope for a specific purpose, you should also state that.
The Pope will guide the conversation, and you should let him do so. Keep your answers direct and brief, and speak in a clear, loud voice so that the Pope can hear you.
2-6. Stand up as the Pope leaves.
As soon as the Pope stands to leave, you should stand, as well. Wait until he leaves the room before you sit down again or pay attention to anything else.
Applause is not usually necessary at the end of the audience or event, but if you are in a large crowd and the crowd begins to applaud, it is appropriate to join in if you so desire.
Tips
Dress for the occasion if you are meeting the Pope in person.[8]
X
Research source
If you plan to go to a somewhat official event at which the Pope will be present, or if you are invited to an audience with the Pope, you should dress in your best clothes out of respect. Men should wear a suit, tie, and polished shoes. Women should wear either a suit or nice dress, with the arms covered and the hemline past the knees. Modesty is the key to looking respectful.
You can also contact the Vatican Press Office by telephone. The official (international) phone number for the Vatican Press Office is +390669881022. You will not be able to speak directly to the Pope by calling this number, though.
On the other hand, if you are going to a stadium Mass or simply watching the Pope along the “popemobile” route, you can dress casually. Your clothes should still be modest and tasteful, however.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the Pope in Writing\\n1-1. Address the Pope as \\\"Your Holiness.\\\"\\nAnother acceptable way to address the Pope in writing would be \\\"Most Holy Father.\\\"\\nNote, however, that on the envelope, you should address the Pope as “His Holiness, ________” with the Pope's name in the blank. For instance, if writing to Pope Francis, the envelope would read, “His Holiness, Pope Francis.”\\n1-2. Maintain a respectful tone.\\nThroughout the body of the letter, your tone should be polite and gracious. You do not need to write in flowery language, but your language should be on par with how you would speak or be expected to speak inside a Catholic church.\\nAvoid swearing, slang, derogatory language, or any other forms of impolite speech.\\nWrite out everything you need or want to say, but keep in mind that the Pope is a busy man. Instead of dragging on and spending extensive space on flattery, it would be better for all parties concerned if you kept the formalities basic and went directly into the purpose of your letter.\\n1-3. Conclude the letter politely.\\nAs a Roman Catholic, you should conclude the letter with a sentence along the lines of, \\\"I have the honor to profess myself with the most profound respect. Your Holiness' most obedient and humble servant,\\\" before signing your name.\\nIf you are not a Catholic, you can change the closing to something along the lines of, \\\"With every good wish to Your Holiness, I am, Sincerely Yours,\\\" followed by your signature.\\nSomething as simple as \\\"With every best wish. Sincerely yours,\\\" with a signature after it would also work for a non-Catholic writing to the Pope.\\nRegardless of the exact wording you choose, the level of respect you demonstrate should correspond to the minimum level of respect you should have for someone in the Pope's position, at the very least. Someone who does not follow Catholic teaching or who disagrees with the Pope should still recognize his position of authority and close in a respectful manner. Anyone who does follow Catholic teaching should demonstrate the respect expected from one addressing the leader of his or her faith on Earth.\\n1-4. Know the Vatican mailing address.\\nIf you plan to send your letter by traditional mail, you should write the address on the envelope as: His Holiness, Pope Francis / Apostolic Palace / 00120 Vatican City.\\nNote that you should separate the address onto separate lines according to the placements of the slashes, .\\nOther ways to write the same address include:\\nHis Holiness, Pope Francis PP. / 00120 Via del Pellegrino / Citta del Vaticano\\nHis Holiness Pope Francis / Apostolic Palace / Vatican City\\nHis Holiness Pope Francis / Vatican City State, 00120\\n\\nDo not write \\\"Italy\\\" on the envelope as the country. The Vatican is considered its own independent nation, completely separate from Italy.\\n2. Addressing the Pope in Person\\n2-1. Refer to the Pope as \\\"Holy Father.”\\nOther appropriate ways to address the Pope in person include \\\"Your Holiness\\\" and \\\"Most Holy Father.\\\"\\n“His Holiness” and “Holy Father” both address the Pope by his title and position in the Church. You should address the Pope only by these titles rather than by his name when speaking to him face-to-face.\\n2-2. Stand and applaud as the Pope enters.\\nThe amount of applause will vary depending on the venue, but you should always stand in respect once the Pope walks into the room you are in.\\nUsually, if the venue is a small room with a small to mid-size crowd, the applause is quiet and polite.\\nFor large venues, however, like a stadium Mass, loud applause and even cheers are appropriate.\\n2-3. Genuflect as the Pope approaches.\\nIf the Pope approaches you directly, you should kneel with your right knee bent to the floor.\\nYou do not need to make the Sign of the Cross, as you would do while genuflecting to the Eucharist, but you should still bend at the knee. Genuflection is a sign of high respect.\\n2-4. Kiss his ring, when appropriate.\\nIf you are Catholic and if the Pope offers you his hand, that would be an appropriate time to plant a quick yet respectful kiss on the Piscatory ring, also known as the Ring of the Fisherman, traditionally worn by the Pope.\\nOn the other hand, if the Pope offers you his hand and you are not Catholic, you are not obligated to kiss the ring. You could simply shake his hand, instead.\\nThe Ring of the Fisherman is a symbol and mark of the office. By kissing it, you show both respect and sincere affection for the man who holds that office.\\n2-5. Speak respectfully, clearly, and concisely.\\nPlan what to say beforehand so that you do not stumble too much over your words, and maintain a tone that is both clear and respectful the entire time.\\nStart by introducing yourself. Give your name and say something important or fitting about yourself.\\nIf you came to the Vatican for a specific purpose or desired an audience with the Pope for a specific purpose, you should also state that.\\nThe Pope will guide the conversation, and you should let him do so. Keep your answers direct and brief, and speak in a clear, loud voice so that the Pope can hear you.\\n2-6. Stand up as the Pope leaves.\\nAs soon as the Pope stands to leave, you should stand, as well. Wait until he leaves the room before you sit down again or pay attention to anything else.\\nApplause is not usually necessary at the end of the audience or event, but if you are in a large crowd and the crowd begins to applaud, it is appropriate to join in if you so desire.\\nTips\\nDress for the occasion if you are meeting the Pope in person.[8]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n If you plan to go to a somewhat official event at which the Pope will be present, or if you are invited to an audience with the Pope, you should dress in your best clothes out of respect. Men should wear a suit, tie, and polished shoes. Women should wear either a suit or nice dress, with the arms covered and the hemline past the knees. Modesty is the key to looking respectful.\\nYou can also contact the Vatican Press Office by telephone. The official (international) phone number for the Vatican Press Office is +390669881022. You will not be able to speak directly to the Pope by calling this number, though.\\nOn the other hand, if you are going to a stadium Mass or simply watching the Pope along the “popemobile” route, you can dress casually. Your clothes should still be modest and tasteful, however.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The Pope is the highest earthly office of the Catholic Church, and such an office demands respect, regardless of whether you are Catholic or not. As such, there are specific ways to address the Pope both in writing and in person. Here's what you need to know about each one.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Pope in Writing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the Pope as \\\"Your Holiness.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"Another acceptable way to address the Pope in writing would be \\\"Most Holy Father.\\\"\\nNote, however, that on the envelope, you should address the Pope as “His Holiness, ________” with the Pope's name in the blank. For instance, if writing to Pope Francis, the envelope would read, “His Holiness, Pope Francis.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain a respectful tone.\", \"描述\": \"Throughout the body of the letter, your tone should be polite and gracious. You do not need to write in flowery language, but your language should be on par with how you would speak or be expected to speak inside a Catholic church.\\nAvoid swearing, slang, derogatory language, or any other forms of impolite speech.\\nWrite out everything you need or want to say, but keep in mind that the Pope is a busy man. Instead of dragging on and spending extensive space on flattery, it would be better for all parties concerned if you kept the formalities basic and went directly into the purpose of your letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Conclude the letter politely.\", \"描述\": \"As a Roman Catholic, you should conclude the letter with a sentence along the lines of, \\\"I have the honor to profess myself with the most profound respect. Your Holiness' most obedient and humble servant,\\\" before signing your name.\\nIf you are not a Catholic, you can change the closing to something along the lines of, \\\"With every good wish to Your Holiness, I am, Sincerely Yours,\\\" followed by your signature.\\nSomething as simple as \\\"With every best wish. Sincerely yours,\\\" with a signature after it would also work for a non-Catholic writing to the Pope.\\nRegardless of the exact wording you choose, the level of respect you demonstrate should correspond to the minimum level of respect you should have for someone in the Pope's position, at the very least. Someone who does not follow Catholic teaching or who disagrees with the Pope should still recognize his position of authority and close in a respectful manner. Anyone who does follow Catholic teaching should demonstrate the respect expected from one addressing the leader of his or her faith on Earth.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Know the Vatican mailing address.\", \"描述\": \"If you plan to send your letter by traditional mail, you should write the address on the envelope as: His Holiness, Pope Francis / Apostolic Palace / 00120 Vatican City.\\nNote that you should separate the address onto separate lines according to the placements of the slashes, .\\nOther ways to write the same address include:\\nHis Holiness, Pope Francis PP. / 00120 Via del Pellegrino / Citta del Vaticano\\nHis Holiness Pope Francis / Apostolic Palace / Vatican City\\nHis Holiness Pope Francis / Vatican City State, 00120\\n\\nDo not write \\\"Italy\\\" on the envelope as the country. The Vatican is considered its own independent nation, completely separate from Italy.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Pope in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Refer to the Pope as \\\"Holy Father.”\", \"描述\": \"Other appropriate ways to address the Pope in person include \\\"Your Holiness\\\" and \\\"Most Holy Father.\\\"\\n“His Holiness” and “Holy Father” both address the Pope by his title and position in the Church. You should address the Pope only by these titles rather than by his name when speaking to him face-to-face.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stand and applaud as the Pope enters.\", \"描述\": \"The amount of applause will vary depending on the venue, but you should always stand in respect once the Pope walks into the room you are in.\\nUsually, if the venue is a small room with a small to mid-size crowd, the applause is quiet and polite.\\nFor large venues, however, like a stadium Mass, loud applause and even cheers are appropriate.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Genuflect as the Pope approaches.\", \"描述\": \"If the Pope approaches you directly, you should kneel with your right knee bent to the floor.\\nYou do not need to make the Sign of the Cross, as you would do while genuflecting to the Eucharist, but you should still bend at the knee. Genuflection is a sign of high respect.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Kiss his ring, when appropriate.\", \"描述\": \"If you are Catholic and if the Pope offers you his hand, that would be an appropriate time to plant a quick yet respectful kiss on the Piscatory ring, also known as the Ring of the Fisherman, traditionally worn by the Pope.\\nOn the other hand, if the Pope offers you his hand and you are not Catholic, you are not obligated to kiss the ring. You could simply shake his hand, instead.\\nThe Ring of the Fisherman is a symbol and mark of the office. By kissing it, you show both respect and sincere affection for the man who holds that office.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Speak respectfully, clearly, and concisely.\", \"描述\": \"Plan what to say beforehand so that you do not stumble too much over your words, and maintain a tone that is both clear and respectful the entire time.\\nStart by introducing yourself. Give your name and say something important or fitting about yourself.\\nIf you came to the Vatican for a specific purpose or desired an audience with the Pope for a specific purpose, you should also state that.\\nThe Pope will guide the conversation, and you should let him do so. Keep your answers direct and brief, and speak in a clear, loud voice so that the Pope can hear you.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Stand up as the Pope leaves.\", \"描述\": \"As soon as the Pope stands to leave, you should stand, as well. Wait until he leaves the room before you sit down again or pay attention to anything else.\\nApplause is not usually necessary at the end of the audience or event, but if you are in a large crowd and the crowd begins to applaud, it is appropriate to join in if you so desire.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Dress for the occasion if you are meeting the Pope in person.[8]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n If you plan to go to a somewhat official event at which the Pope will be present, or if you are invited to an audience with the Pope, you should dress in your best clothes out of respect. Men should wear a suit, tie, and polished shoes. Women should wear either a suit or nice dress, with the arms covered and the hemline past the knees. Modesty is the key to looking respectful.\\n\", \"You can also contact the Vatican Press Office by telephone. The official (international) phone number for the Vatican Press Office is +390669881022. You will not be able to speak directly to the Pope by calling this number, though.\\n\", \"On the other hand, if you are going to a stadium Mass or simply watching the Pope along the “popemobile” route, you can dress casually. Your clothes should still be modest and tasteful, however.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,287 | How to Address the President | 1. Addressing the President in Person
1-1. Rise when the president enters the room.
All seated persons will be expected to rise when the president enters the room, as a sign of respect. The president will then indicate when those who have risen may return to their seats.
1-2. Address the president as “Mr.
President” or “Madam President.” Should you have the opportunity to speak directly with the president, do not call them by their first or last name. The title of “Mr.” or “Madam” will show your respect for the office while you carry on a conversation with the president.
1-3. Introduce a third party to the president.
Use the phrase “Mr./Madam President, may I present.” In the United States, the president should not be introduced to someone, as this would seem disrespectful. Always introduce the third person to the president.
For example, be sure to say, “Mr./Madam President, may I present my son Billy.” Do not say, “Billy, I want you to meet the president.”
1-4. Announce the president using his or her title.
If you are given an opportunity to announce the president—for example, before they deliver a speech—announce the president to onlookers as “the president of the United States.”
So, if you’re announcing the current president, you could say: “Let me announce the president of the United States, Joe Biden."
2. Sending a Letter to the President
2-1. Address the envelope to “The President.”
In written correspondence, the president’s first and last names should never appear. The address should read:
The President
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20500.
2-2. Begin your letter:
“Dear Mr./Madam President.” This is the polite and expected salutation with which all written addresses to the president should begin.
Do not use the president’s name in your correspondence. Continue to refer to them as Mr. or Madam President.
2-3. Conclude your letter, “Most respectfully.”
This complimentary close will indicate that the body of your letter has concluded.
You can write thank you if you request something in the letter.
Sign and print your name at the end of the letter.
3. Addressing a Former President
3-1. Make your envelope out to “The Honorable” former president.
Former presidents do not keep the title of “president” once they leave office (contrary to how they’re often referred to in the media). If you’re writing a letter to a former president, the envelope should be addressed to: “The Honorable [first and last name].”
For example, you could address a letter to “The Honorable Jimmy Carter” or “The Honorable George Bush.”
3-2. Address written correspondence to “Dear Mr” and their surname.
A letter to a former president is slightly less formal than correspondence to a sitting president since the recipient no longer holds the office of president. Do not use the term “honorable” in the introduction or body of your correspondence—“honorable” should be used on the envelope only.
So, your letter would begin: “Dear Mr. Carter” or “Dear Mr. Bush.”
3-3. Address a former president as “Mr.”
and their surname in person. An in-person address will also be less formal for a former president than it would for a sitting president. For example, you would address Barack Obama as “Mr. Obama,” not as “Mr. President.”
The rules about introductions are similarly less formal. As a general sign of respect, though, it’s still probably best to introduce a third party to the former president.
Tips
It’s recommended that you type out a letter to the president. If you’re writing by hand, use a pen and print as neatly as possible.[12]
X
Trustworthy Source
The White House
Official website for the Executive Branch of the U.S. government
Go to source
If you’d like your message to reach the president quickly, you could use the “Contact Us” page on the White House website. Type out your message at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/contact.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing the President in Person\\n1-1. Rise when the president enters the room.\\nAll seated persons will be expected to rise when the president enters the room, as a sign of respect. The president will then indicate when those who have risen may return to their seats.\\n1-2. Address the president as “Mr.\\nPresident” or “Madam President.” Should you have the opportunity to speak directly with the president, do not call them by their first or last name. The title of “Mr.” or “Madam” will show your respect for the office while you carry on a conversation with the president.\\n1-3. Introduce a third party to the president.\\nUse the phrase “Mr./Madam President, may I present.” In the United States, the president should not be introduced to someone, as this would seem disrespectful. Always introduce the third person to the president.\\nFor example, be sure to say, “Mr./Madam President, may I present my son Billy.” Do not say, “Billy, I want you to meet the president.”\\n1-4. Announce the president using his or her title.\\nIf you are given an opportunity to announce the president—for example, before they deliver a speech—announce the president to onlookers as “the president of the United States.”\\nSo, if you’re announcing the current president, you could say: “Let me announce the president of the United States, Joe Biden.\\\"\\n2. Sending a Letter to the President\\n2-1. Address the envelope to “The President.”\\nIn written correspondence, the president’s first and last names should never appear. The address should read:\\nThe President\\nThe White House\\n1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.\\nWashington, DC 20500.\\n2-2. Begin your letter:\\n“Dear Mr./Madam President.” This is the polite and expected salutation with which all written addresses to the president should begin.\\nDo not use the president’s name in your correspondence. Continue to refer to them as Mr. or Madam President.\\n2-3. Conclude your letter, “Most respectfully.”\\nThis complimentary close will indicate that the body of your letter has concluded.\\nYou can write thank you if you request something in the letter.\\nSign and print your name at the end of the letter.\\n3. Addressing a Former President\\n3-1. Make your envelope out to “The Honorable” former president.\\nFormer presidents do not keep the title of “president” once they leave office (contrary to how they’re often referred to in the media). If you’re writing a letter to a former president, the envelope should be addressed to: “The Honorable [first and last name].”\\nFor example, you could address a letter to “The Honorable Jimmy Carter” or “The Honorable George Bush.”\\n3-2. Address written correspondence to “Dear Mr” and their surname.\\nA letter to a former president is slightly less formal than correspondence to a sitting president since the recipient no longer holds the office of president. Do not use the term “honorable” in the introduction or body of your correspondence—“honorable” should be used on the envelope only.\\nSo, your letter would begin: “Dear Mr. Carter” or “Dear Mr. Bush.”\\n3-3. Address a former president as “Mr.”\\nand their surname in person. An in-person address will also be less formal for a former president than it would for a sitting president. For example, you would address Barack Obama as “Mr. Obama,” not as “Mr. President.”\\nThe rules about introductions are similarly less formal. As a general sign of respect, though, it’s still probably best to introduce a third party to the former president.\\nTips\\nIt’s recommended that you type out a letter to the president. If you’re writing by hand, use a pen and print as neatly as possible.[12]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nThe White House\\nOfficial website for the Executive Branch of the U.S. government\\nGo to source\\nIf you’d like your message to reach the president quickly, you could use the “Contact Us” page on the White House website. Type out your message at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/contact.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you should have the opportunity to address a current or former president face-to-face, there are certain rules of etiquette you’ll need to follow. Likewise, if you’re planning to send a letter or other form of direct correspondence to the president, you’ll need to address the envelope and letter correctly. Following these rules will show respect for the office of the president.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing the President in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Rise when the president enters the room.\", \"描述\": \"All seated persons will be expected to rise when the president enters the room, as a sign of respect. The president will then indicate when those who have risen may return to their seats.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address the president as “Mr.\", \"描述\": \"President” or “Madam President.” Should you have the opportunity to speak directly with the president, do not call them by their first or last name. The title of “Mr.” or “Madam” will show your respect for the office while you carry on a conversation with the president.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Introduce a third party to the president.\", \"描述\": \"Use the phrase “Mr./Madam President, may I present.” In the United States, the president should not be introduced to someone, as this would seem disrespectful. Always introduce the third person to the president.\\nFor example, be sure to say, “Mr./Madam President, may I present my son Billy.” Do not say, “Billy, I want you to meet the president.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Announce the president using his or her title.\", \"描述\": \"If you are given an opportunity to announce the president—for example, before they deliver a speech—announce the president to onlookers as “the president of the United States.”\\nSo, if you’re announcing the current president, you could say: “Let me announce the president of the United States, Joe Biden.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sending a Letter to the President\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope to “The President.”\", \"描述\": \"In written correspondence, the president’s first and last names should never appear. The address should read:\\nThe President\\nThe White House\\n1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.\\nWashington, DC 20500.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Begin your letter:\", \"描述\": \"“Dear Mr./Madam President.” This is the polite and expected salutation with which all written addresses to the president should begin.\\nDo not use the president’s name in your correspondence. Continue to refer to them as Mr. or Madam President.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Conclude your letter, “Most respectfully.”\", \"描述\": \"This complimentary close will indicate that the body of your letter has concluded.\\nYou can write thank you if you request something in the letter.\\nSign and print your name at the end of the letter.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Former President\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make your envelope out to “The Honorable” former president.\", \"描述\": \"Former presidents do not keep the title of “president” once they leave office (contrary to how they’re often referred to in the media). If you’re writing a letter to a former president, the envelope should be addressed to: “The Honorable [first and last name].”\\nFor example, you could address a letter to “The Honorable Jimmy Carter” or “The Honorable George Bush.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Address written correspondence to “Dear Mr” and their surname.\", \"描述\": \"A letter to a former president is slightly less formal than correspondence to a sitting president since the recipient no longer holds the office of president. Do not use the term “honorable” in the introduction or body of your correspondence—“honorable” should be used on the envelope only.\\nSo, your letter would begin: “Dear Mr. Carter” or “Dear Mr. Bush.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Address a former president as “Mr.”\", \"描述\": \"and their surname in person. An in-person address will also be less formal for a former president than it would for a sitting president. For example, you would address Barack Obama as “Mr. Obama,” not as “Mr. President.”\\nThe rules about introductions are similarly less formal. As a general sign of respect, though, it’s still probably best to introduce a third party to the former president.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"It’s recommended that you type out a letter to the president. If you’re writing by hand, use a pen and print as neatly as possible.[12]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nThe White House\\nOfficial website for the Executive Branch of the U.S. government\\nGo to source\\n\", \"If you’d like your message to reach the president quickly, you could use the “Contact Us” page on the White House website. Type out your message at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/contact.\\n\"]}]}}",
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1,288 | How to Address the President in a Letter | 1. Using the Proper Forms for your letter
1-1. Write a formal salutation.
Start the letter by showing respect for the office holder. You can begin by writing, “Dear Mr. President,”.
These guidelines are based on writing to the president of the United States.
When a woman is elected, you can substitute “Madame President” for “Mr. President.”
1-2. Use “Mr President” in the body of the letter.
Don’t refer to the president by their given name. That is considered too informal. If you want to address them throughout the letter, continue to use “Mr. President.”
For example, you might write, “Mr. President, it is really important to me that you address climate change.”
1-3. Use a complimentary close.
The traditional way to close a formal letter like this is to sign off by saying, “Most respectfully,”. Skip a couple of lines and then type your name underneath the closing.
Sign your name above your typed name.
You could also use the classic "Sincerely" if you prefer.
1-4. Type the letter so that it can be easily read.
A hand-written letter might feel more personal to you, but the White House requests typewritten letters. If you have access to a computer and printer, type your letter so that the president can easily read it.
If you do hand write your letter, use a pen and write as neatly as possible.
2. Addressing the Envelope
2-1. Write “The President” in the address.
It’s really easy to address the envelope! Just use the formal wording “The President.” It goes right above the address.the
2-2. Include the full address of the White House.
Make sure to include the same basics that you would include for any other address. Include the street address, city, and postal code. It will look like this:
The President, The White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20500
2-3. Add your return address on the envelope.
Unfortunately, the president doesn’t have time to reply to most correspondence. But if you want to leave the possibility open, write your return address in the top left corner of the envelope.
You can also include your return address on the top of your letter.
Tips
Consider sending an e-mail instead of a letter. The White House says this is the preferred method of communication.
Make sure to include enough postage on your letter!
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"create_time": "20230517 10:45:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Proper Forms for your letter\\n1-1. Write a formal salutation.\\nStart the letter by showing respect for the office holder. You can begin by writing, “Dear Mr. President,”.\\nThese guidelines are based on writing to the president of the United States.\\nWhen a woman is elected, you can substitute “Madame President” for “Mr. President.”\\n1-2. Use “Mr President” in the body of the letter.\\nDon’t refer to the president by their given name. That is considered too informal. If you want to address them throughout the letter, continue to use “Mr. President.”\\nFor example, you might write, “Mr. President, it is really important to me that you address climate change.”\\n1-3. Use a complimentary close.\\nThe traditional way to close a formal letter like this is to sign off by saying, “Most respectfully,”. Skip a couple of lines and then type your name underneath the closing.\\nSign your name above your typed name.\\nYou could also use the classic \\\"Sincerely\\\" if you prefer.\\n1-4. Type the letter so that it can be easily read.\\nA hand-written letter might feel more personal to you, but the White House requests typewritten letters. If you have access to a computer and printer, type your letter so that the president can easily read it.\\nIf you do hand write your letter, use a pen and write as neatly as possible.\\n2. Addressing the Envelope\\n2-1. Write “The President” in the address.\\nIt’s really easy to address the envelope! Just use the formal wording “The President.” It goes right above the address.the\\n2-2. Include the full address of the White House.\\nMake sure to include the same basics that you would include for any other address. Include the street address, city, and postal code. It will look like this:\\nThe President, The White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20500\\n2-3. Add your return address on the envelope.\\nUnfortunately, the president doesn’t have time to reply to most correspondence. But if you want to leave the possibility open, write your return address in the top left corner of the envelope.\\nYou can also include your return address on the top of your letter.\\nTips\\nConsider sending an e-mail instead of a letter. The White House says this is the preferred method of communication.\\nMake sure to include enough postage on your letter!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Writing a letter to the president is a great way to express your opinion. Don't be intimidated by writing to such an important person. It’s really easy to make sure that you address them properly. Simply use “Mr. President” in both the greeting and the body of the letter. On the envelope, you can use the title, “The President.” You can use the same wording whether you are sending a traditional letter or writing an email. Don’t forget to include your own information if you’re hoping for a response!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Proper Forms for your letter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write a formal salutation.\", \"描述\": \"Start the letter by showing respect for the office holder. You can begin by writing, “Dear Mr. President,”.\\nThese guidelines are based on writing to the president of the United States.\\nWhen a woman is elected, you can substitute “Madame President” for “Mr. President.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use “Mr President” in the body of the letter.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t refer to the president by their given name. That is considered too informal. If you want to address them throughout the letter, continue to use “Mr. President.”\\nFor example, you might write, “Mr. President, it is really important to me that you address climate change.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a complimentary close.\", \"描述\": \"The traditional way to close a formal letter like this is to sign off by saying, “Most respectfully,”. Skip a couple of lines and then type your name underneath the closing.\\nSign your name above your typed name.\\nYou could also use the classic \\\"Sincerely\\\" if you prefer.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Type the letter so that it can be easily read.\", \"描述\": \"A hand-written letter might feel more personal to you, but the White House requests typewritten letters. If you have access to a computer and printer, type your letter so that the president can easily read it.\\nIf you do hand write your letter, use a pen and write as neatly as possible.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Addressing the Envelope\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write “The President” in the address.\", \"描述\": \"It’s really easy to address the envelope! Just use the formal wording “The President.” It goes right above the address.the\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include the full address of the White House.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure to include the same basics that you would include for any other address. Include the street address, city, and postal code. It will look like this:\\nThe President, The White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20500\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add your return address on the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, the president doesn’t have time to reply to most correspondence. But if you want to leave the possibility open, write your return address in the top left corner of the envelope.\\nYou can also include your return address on the top of your letter.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Consider sending an e-mail instead of a letter. The White House says this is the preferred method of communication.\\n\", \"Make sure to include enough postage on your letter!\\n\"]}]}}",
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1,289 | How to Address the Prime Minister | 1. Speaking to a Prime Minister
1-1. Begin by stating the “Prime Minister” title.
Prefacing your communication with a verbal reference to the official’s position is a sign of respect. From there, you can either proceed with your comment or question or follow up with the person’s surname for a more formal effect.
Depending on where you live, it may or may not be acceptable to use the term “Mr./Madam/Ms. Prime Minister.” This is customary in commonwealth nations, but is generally frowned upon in the U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
1-2. Use, “Your Excellency” if the official is outside of their home country.
This is a traditional form of address meant to indicate good will towards an official who is traveling abroad. The reasoning behind the alternative honorific, “Your Excellency” is that the person is only the prime minister of the country they serve, whereas internationally they are a revered guest.
Similarly, you would say, “His/Her Excellency” when referring to the prime minister in conversation with another person.
The phrase, “Your Excellency” is also useful for eliminating confusion if the official is visiting another country with its own prime minister.
1-3. Tack on the person’s surname to follow formal rules of address.
After stating the initial honorific, attach the official’s surname. If the prime minister’s name is “Leslie Goff,” for example, you would say, “Prime Minister Goff.”
There’s no need to use their first name. Saying, “Prime Minister Theresa May” in a personal setting will come off as awkward and unnatural.
In some cases, it may be alright to switch to a more informal mode of address after your initial show of respect, such as, “Ms. Spencer.”
1-4. Avoid using the official’s first name unless you’re a close friend.
The only time it’s acceptable to call a prime minister by their given name is if you know them very well, and you’re in a private setting away from other people. Otherwise, it’s best to stick with one of the more respectful honorifics, “Prime Minister” or “Your Excellency.”
Be careful not to make the mistake of using the prime minister’s first name when talking to someone else about them, too. Instead of saying, “Theodore and I were just discussing the issue of misappropriate funds,” you would want to say, “Prime Minister Huxley and I…”
2. Writing to a Prime Minister
2-1. Address the envelope to “The Honourable (official’s name), M.P.”
The abbreviated form of the title, M.P., always comes at the end of the first line. After naming the official, add a second line spelling out their full title. Be sure to specify the name of the country over which they preside, as in, “Prime Minister of (name of country).”
The completed address on the outside of your envelope should look something like this: “The Honourable William Clay, M.P/Prime Minister of Australia.”
If the official is distinguished by any other post-nominal identifiers, such as a province key like “B.C.” ( “British Columbia”), be sure to list them right after “M.P.”
2-2. Open your letter with the salutation, “Dear Prime Minister.”
If you like, you can go on to add the official’s surname, though this isn’t a necessity. Your salutation should either read, “Dear Prime Minister,” or, “Dear Prime Minister Bentley”.
Don’t try to get fancy with the salutation. Start with the same one you would use for any other formal letter, “Dear.”
You also have the option of foregoing a salutation altogether by simply saying, “Prime Minister” or, “Prime Minister Bentley.”
2-3. Use, “His/Her Excellency” when writing to a foreign prime minister.
Don’t forget to include a second line naming the official’s full title and home country, just as you would for an ordinary address. Your completed address will say something like, “Her Excellency Indira Gandhi/Prime Minister of India.”
“His/Her Excellency” is the correct grammatical format for the outside of an envelope, not, “Your Excellency,” which should only be used when addressing the official directly.
2-4. Sign off with the closing, “Yours faithfully,” or something similar.
You could also say, “Yours sincerely” or, “Yours respectfully.” The important thing is to extend one final gesture of admiration before ending your letter.
Sign your letter with your full name, along with any titles you may have that are relevant to your reason for writing.
As with your salutation, resist the urge to try to dress up your closing too much. A simple and respectful tone tends to work best.
Tips
Follow the same guidelines you would use to compose a formal letter when typing up an email.
Anytime you’re writing to someone of high office, take some time to ensure that your handwriting is clearly legible, and that the language you use is appropriate for the nature of your correspondence.
Warnings
Using an incorrect mode of address, while not a punishable offense, may be considered a faux pas, and definitely isn’t the best way to make a good first impression.
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Speaking to a Prime Minister\\n1-1. Begin by stating the “Prime Minister” title.\\nPrefacing your communication with a verbal reference to the official’s position is a sign of respect. From there, you can either proceed with your comment or question or follow up with the person’s surname for a more formal effect.\\nDepending on where you live, it may or may not be acceptable to use the term “Mr./Madam/Ms. Prime Minister.” This is customary in commonwealth nations, but is generally frowned upon in the U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.\\n1-2. Use, “Your Excellency” if the official is outside of their home country.\\nThis is a traditional form of address meant to indicate good will towards an official who is traveling abroad. The reasoning behind the alternative honorific, “Your Excellency” is that the person is only the prime minister of the country they serve, whereas internationally they are a revered guest.\\nSimilarly, you would say, “His/Her Excellency” when referring to the prime minister in conversation with another person.\\nThe phrase, “Your Excellency” is also useful for eliminating confusion if the official is visiting another country with its own prime minister.\\n1-3. Tack on the person’s surname to follow formal rules of address.\\nAfter stating the initial honorific, attach the official’s surname. If the prime minister’s name is “Leslie Goff,” for example, you would say, “Prime Minister Goff.”\\nThere’s no need to use their first name. Saying, “Prime Minister Theresa May” in a personal setting will come off as awkward and unnatural.\\nIn some cases, it may be alright to switch to a more informal mode of address after your initial show of respect, such as, “Ms. Spencer.”\\n1-4. Avoid using the official’s first name unless you’re a close friend.\\nThe only time it’s acceptable to call a prime minister by their given name is if you know them very well, and you’re in a private setting away from other people. Otherwise, it’s best to stick with one of the more respectful honorifics, “Prime Minister” or “Your Excellency.”\\nBe careful not to make the mistake of using the prime minister’s first name when talking to someone else about them, too. Instead of saying, “Theodore and I were just discussing the issue of misappropriate funds,” you would want to say, “Prime Minister Huxley and I…”\\n2. Writing to a Prime Minister\\n2-1. Address the envelope to “The Honourable (official’s name), M.P.”\\nThe abbreviated form of the title, M.P., always comes at the end of the first line. After naming the official, add a second line spelling out their full title. Be sure to specify the name of the country over which they preside, as in, “Prime Minister of (name of country).”\\nThe completed address on the outside of your envelope should look something like this: “The Honourable William Clay, M.P/Prime Minister of Australia.”\\nIf the official is distinguished by any other post-nominal identifiers, such as a province key like “B.C.” ( “British Columbia”), be sure to list them right after “M.P.”\\n2-2. Open your letter with the salutation, “Dear Prime Minister.”\\nIf you like, you can go on to add the official’s surname, though this isn’t a necessity. Your salutation should either read, “Dear Prime Minister,” or, “Dear Prime Minister Bentley”.\\nDon’t try to get fancy with the salutation. Start with the same one you would use for any other formal letter, “Dear.”\\nYou also have the option of foregoing a salutation altogether by simply saying, “Prime Minister” or, “Prime Minister Bentley.”\\n2-3. Use, “His/Her Excellency” when writing to a foreign prime minister.\\nDon’t forget to include a second line naming the official’s full title and home country, just as you would for an ordinary address. Your completed address will say something like, “Her Excellency Indira Gandhi/Prime Minister of India.”\\n“His/Her Excellency” is the correct grammatical format for the outside of an envelope, not, “Your Excellency,” which should only be used when addressing the official directly.\\n2-4. Sign off with the closing, “Yours faithfully,” or something similar.\\nYou could also say, “Yours sincerely” or, “Yours respectfully.” The important thing is to extend one final gesture of admiration before ending your letter.\\nSign your letter with your full name, along with any titles you may have that are relevant to your reason for writing.\\nAs with your salutation, resist the urge to try to dress up your closing too much. A simple and respectful tone tends to work best.\\nTips\\nFollow the same guidelines you would use to compose a formal letter when typing up an email.\\nAnytime you’re writing to someone of high office, take some time to ensure that your handwriting is clearly legible, and that the language you use is appropriate for the nature of your correspondence.\\nWarnings\\nUsing an incorrect mode of address, while not a punishable offense, may be considered a faux pas, and definitely isn’t the best way to make a good first impression.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The prime minister serves as the head of state in a parliamentary government, ranking just below the ruling monarch in terms of executive influence. When preparing for a face-to-face meeting with a prime minister, it can be helpful to know the right way to address them. Refer to an acting prime minister within their home country as simply, “Prime Minister,” followed by their surname if you want to add a touch of formality. If you’re addressing a foreign prime minister, use the honorific, “Your Excellency” instead to acknowledge their political stature where they come from.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Speaking to a Prime Minister\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Begin by stating the “Prime Minister” title.\", \"描述\": \"Prefacing your communication with a verbal reference to the official’s position is a sign of respect. From there, you can either proceed with your comment or question or follow up with the person’s surname for a more formal effect.\\nDepending on where you live, it may or may not be acceptable to use the term “Mr./Madam/Ms. Prime Minister.” This is customary in commonwealth nations, but is generally frowned upon in the U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use, “Your Excellency” if the official is outside of their home country.\", \"描述\": \"This is a traditional form of address meant to indicate good will towards an official who is traveling abroad. The reasoning behind the alternative honorific, “Your Excellency” is that the person is only the prime minister of the country they serve, whereas internationally they are a revered guest.\\nSimilarly, you would say, “His/Her Excellency” when referring to the prime minister in conversation with another person.\\nThe phrase, “Your Excellency” is also useful for eliminating confusion if the official is visiting another country with its own prime minister.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tack on the person’s surname to follow formal rules of address.\", \"描述\": \"After stating the initial honorific, attach the official’s surname. If the prime minister’s name is “Leslie Goff,” for example, you would say, “Prime Minister Goff.”\\nThere’s no need to use their first name. Saying, “Prime Minister Theresa May” in a personal setting will come off as awkward and unnatural.\\nIn some cases, it may be alright to switch to a more informal mode of address after your initial show of respect, such as, “Ms. Spencer.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid using the official’s first name unless you’re a close friend.\", \"描述\": \"The only time it’s acceptable to call a prime minister by their given name is if you know them very well, and you’re in a private setting away from other people. Otherwise, it’s best to stick with one of the more respectful honorifics, “Prime Minister” or “Your Excellency.”\\nBe careful not to make the mistake of using the prime minister’s first name when talking to someone else about them, too. Instead of saying, “Theodore and I were just discussing the issue of misappropriate funds,” you would want to say, “Prime Minister Huxley and I…”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing to a Prime Minister\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Address the envelope to “The Honourable (official’s name), M.P.”\", \"描述\": \"The abbreviated form of the title, M.P., always comes at the end of the first line. After naming the official, add a second line spelling out their full title. Be sure to specify the name of the country over which they preside, as in, “Prime Minister of (name of country).”\\nThe completed address on the outside of your envelope should look something like this: “The Honourable William Clay, M.P/Prime Minister of Australia.”\\nIf the official is distinguished by any other post-nominal identifiers, such as a province key like “B.C.” ( “British Columbia”), be sure to list them right after “M.P.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Open your letter with the salutation, “Dear Prime Minister.”\", \"描述\": \"If you like, you can go on to add the official’s surname, though this isn’t a necessity. Your salutation should either read, “Dear Prime Minister,” or, “Dear Prime Minister Bentley”.\\nDon’t try to get fancy with the salutation. Start with the same one you would use for any other formal letter, “Dear.”\\nYou also have the option of foregoing a salutation altogether by simply saying, “Prime Minister” or, “Prime Minister Bentley.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use, “His/Her Excellency” when writing to a foreign prime minister.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t forget to include a second line naming the official’s full title and home country, just as you would for an ordinary address. Your completed address will say something like, “Her Excellency Indira Gandhi/Prime Minister of India.”\\n“His/Her Excellency” is the correct grammatical format for the outside of an envelope, not, “Your Excellency,” which should only be used when addressing the official directly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sign off with the closing, “Yours faithfully,” or something similar.\", \"描述\": \"You could also say, “Yours sincerely” or, “Yours respectfully.” The important thing is to extend one final gesture of admiration before ending your letter.\\nSign your letter with your full name, along with any titles you may have that are relevant to your reason for writing.\\nAs with your salutation, resist the urge to try to dress up your closing too much. A simple and respectful tone tends to work best.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Follow the same guidelines you would use to compose a formal letter when typing up an email.\\n\", \"Anytime you’re writing to someone of high office, take some time to ensure that your handwriting is clearly legible, and that the language you use is appropriate for the nature of your correspondence.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Using an incorrect mode of address, while not a punishable offense, may be considered a faux pas, and definitely isn’t the best way to make a good first impression.\\n\"]}]}}",
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1,290 | How to Address to a PO Box | 1. Addressing a Letter or Package
1-1. Start the delivery address in the center of the envelope.
The name and address of the person or entity that the letter is intended for should go front and center. Putting these important pieces of information in plain sight will make the letter easier to sort and deliver.
If the delivery address is unclear or incorrectly placed, it’s possible that the letter could be mishandled.
1-2. Write the recipient’s first and last name on the first line.
In most cases, this will be enough to get the letter into the right hands. You can also include the person’s middle initial, if you happen to know it. If there’s any confusion about who the letter is intended for, it’s a good idea to use their full name.
A letter addressed to “John Alexander Smith” is less likely to be intercepted by the wrong person than one addressed to just “John Smith.”
To be as specific as possible, identify the recipient by a formal title, such as “Mrs.”, “Dr.”, or “Jr.”, where needed.
1-3. Note the company or organization.
If you’re writing to a representative of a group, the name of this group should come directly after the individual’s name. For example, the first 2 lines of the delivery address of a letter being sent to a business should look something like—“John A. Smith/ACME Innovations Inc.”
There’s no need to include any additional identifying information, such as the person’s official title or job description.
1-4. Provide the PO Box number.
Post office box addresses always begin with the words “PO Box” followed by the individual box number, usually a 2-5 digit number. The US Postal Service requests that senders leave out all punctuation when filling in PO Box addresses. For instance, write “PO Box,” not “P.O. Box.”
Many businesses (and some individuals) receive their mail at post office boxes rather than traditional street addresses, which means you’ll only ever address your mail to 1 or the other, never both.
PO Boxes work a little differently in every country. As a result, you might not have the same number of shipping options available to you when sending a letter or package internationally.
1-5. Add the city, state, and postal code to the last line.
Finally, specify the general area where the letter will be delivered. Separate the city and state or province with a comma, and leave a space between the state and postal code. In some regions, like France and parts of Canada, the postal code may come before the name of the city.
Use the 2-letter abbreviation for your state or territory as outlined by your local postal authority, such as “Los Angeles, CA” or “New York, NY.”
If you're mailing to an international address, include the name of the country on the line directly below the city and postal code.
2. Completing the Necessary Mailing Information
2-1. Look up unknown PO Box numbers.
You should be able to uncover the physical address of the person or entity you’re trying to reach with a quick internet search. It may also be printed somewhere on the packaging of products you’ve purchased. The address will be displayed just as it should appear on your letter, so if there’s any doubt, just copy it down exactly as you see it.
If you’re responding to a letter, you can find the PO Box in first or second line of the return address in the upper lefthand corner of the envelope.
Call Directory Assistance or submit a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request form to get ahold of a PO Box number that isn’t listed publicly.
2-2. Write legibly.
When you’re finished addressing your letter, examine your handwriting and see whether it’s clear. Keep in mind that your mail is being handled, sorted, and delivered by another person, who will need to be able to read it at a glance.
Always print handwritten info. Cursive and other fancy scripts can be difficult to make out.
It may help to write in all capital letters if your penmanship tends to be rushed or messy.
If you’re unsure whether your address will be legible to an unfamiliar eye, start over with a fresh envelope just to be on the safe side.
2-3. Provide a return address.
Write your own address in the upper lefthand corner of the envelope or package. The return address should be the about the same size of the delivery address or slightly smaller. Otherwise, it may be mistaken for the delivery address.
Include the address where it’s most convenient to reach you.
2-4. Affix the proper postage.
Slap a stamp or prepaid shipping label somewhere near the upper righthand corner to cover the cost of delivery. Make sure the stamp or label isn’t hiding either address, or any other delivery info.
Use a postage calculator to add up the cost of postage, or ask a clerk for assistance.
International mail may also require additional postage or customs forms. These forms must be completed and submitted online prior to shipping.
2-5. Check for mistakes.
Before you mail your letter, look back over the information you’ve provided and confirm that it’s correct. It’s especially important that you get numerical details right. When you’re satisfied with your letter, slip it in the mailbox or take it down to the post office for delivery.
The mail carrier may know what you meant if you make a typo like “Indianapolis, IN,” but if the PO Box number or zip code is off, the letter could end up somewhere else or fail to be delivered at all.
Tips
Write out the recipient’s address using a pen or permanent marker with a dark-colored ink. Avoid using a pencil.
Keep your writing a consistent size so the envelope information doesn't look cluttered.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Addressing a Letter or Package\\n1-1. Start the delivery address in the center of the envelope.\\nThe name and address of the person or entity that the letter is intended for should go front and center. Putting these important pieces of information in plain sight will make the letter easier to sort and deliver.\\nIf the delivery address is unclear or incorrectly placed, it’s possible that the letter could be mishandled.\\n1-2. Write the recipient’s first and last name on the first line.\\nIn most cases, this will be enough to get the letter into the right hands. You can also include the person’s middle initial, if you happen to know it. If there’s any confusion about who the letter is intended for, it’s a good idea to use their full name.\\nA letter addressed to “John Alexander Smith” is less likely to be intercepted by the wrong person than one addressed to just “John Smith.”\\nTo be as specific as possible, identify the recipient by a formal title, such as “Mrs.”, “Dr.”, or “Jr.”, where needed.\\n1-3. Note the company or organization.\\nIf you’re writing to a representative of a group, the name of this group should come directly after the individual’s name. For example, the first 2 lines of the delivery address of a letter being sent to a business should look something like—“John A. Smith/ACME Innovations Inc.”\\nThere’s no need to include any additional identifying information, such as the person’s official title or job description.\\n1-4. Provide the PO Box number.\\nPost office box addresses always begin with the words “PO Box” followed by the individual box number, usually a 2-5 digit number. The US Postal Service requests that senders leave out all punctuation when filling in PO Box addresses. For instance, write “PO Box,” not “P.O. Box.”\\nMany businesses (and some individuals) receive their mail at post office boxes rather than traditional street addresses, which means you’ll only ever address your mail to 1 or the other, never both.\\nPO Boxes work a little differently in every country. As a result, you might not have the same number of shipping options available to you when sending a letter or package internationally.\\n1-5. Add the city, state, and postal code to the last line.\\nFinally, specify the general area where the letter will be delivered. Separate the city and state or province with a comma, and leave a space between the state and postal code. In some regions, like France and parts of Canada, the postal code may come before the name of the city.\\nUse the 2-letter abbreviation for your state or territory as outlined by your local postal authority, such as “Los Angeles, CA” or “New York, NY.”\\nIf you're mailing to an international address, include the name of the country on the line directly below the city and postal code.\\n2. Completing the Necessary Mailing Information\\n2-1. Look up unknown PO Box numbers.\\nYou should be able to uncover the physical address of the person or entity you’re trying to reach with a quick internet search. It may also be printed somewhere on the packaging of products you’ve purchased. The address will be displayed just as it should appear on your letter, so if there’s any doubt, just copy it down exactly as you see it.\\nIf you’re responding to a letter, you can find the PO Box in first or second line of the return address in the upper lefthand corner of the envelope.\\nCall Directory Assistance or submit a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request form to get ahold of a PO Box number that isn’t listed publicly.\\n2-2. Write legibly.\\nWhen you’re finished addressing your letter, examine your handwriting and see whether it’s clear. Keep in mind that your mail is being handled, sorted, and delivered by another person, who will need to be able to read it at a glance. \\nAlways print handwritten info. Cursive and other fancy scripts can be difficult to make out.\\nIt may help to write in all capital letters if your penmanship tends to be rushed or messy.\\nIf you’re unsure whether your address will be legible to an unfamiliar eye, start over with a fresh envelope just to be on the safe side.\\n2-3. Provide a return address.\\nWrite your own address in the upper lefthand corner of the envelope or package. The return address should be the about the same size of the delivery address or slightly smaller. Otherwise, it may be mistaken for the delivery address.\\nInclude the address where it’s most convenient to reach you.\\n2-4. Affix the proper postage.\\nSlap a stamp or prepaid shipping label somewhere near the upper righthand corner to cover the cost of delivery. Make sure the stamp or label isn’t hiding either address, or any other delivery info.\\nUse a postage calculator to add up the cost of postage, or ask a clerk for assistance.\\nInternational mail may also require additional postage or customs forms. These forms must be completed and submitted online prior to shipping.\\n2-5. Check for mistakes.\\nBefore you mail your letter, look back over the information you’ve provided and confirm that it’s correct. It’s especially important that you get numerical details right. When you’re satisfied with your letter, slip it in the mailbox or take it down to the post office for delivery.\\nThe mail carrier may know what you meant if you make a typo like “Indianapolis, IN,” but if the PO Box number or zip code is off, the letter could end up somewhere else or fail to be delivered at all.\\nTips\\nWrite out the recipient’s address using a pen or permanent marker with a dark-colored ink. Avoid using a pencil.\\nKeep your writing a consistent size so the envelope information doesn't look cluttered.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When addressing a letter to a post office box, or PO Box, the key difference is that you’ll specify the PO Box number in place of a normal street address. Start by writing the recipient’s name in the first line, followed by the business or company they represent, if applicable. List the unique PO Box number below that, followed by the city, state, and zip code. To ensure prompt and precise delivery, make sure the format of your address heading meets the guidelines laid out by the postal service in your region.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Addressing a Letter or Package\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start the delivery address in the center of the envelope.\", \"描述\": \"The name and address of the person or entity that the letter is intended for should go front and center. Putting these important pieces of information in plain sight will make the letter easier to sort and deliver.\\nIf the delivery address is unclear or incorrectly placed, it’s possible that the letter could be mishandled.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write the recipient’s first and last name on the first line.\", \"描述\": \"In most cases, this will be enough to get the letter into the right hands. You can also include the person’s middle initial, if you happen to know it. If there’s any confusion about who the letter is intended for, it’s a good idea to use their full name.\\nA letter addressed to “John Alexander Smith” is less likely to be intercepted by the wrong person than one addressed to just “John Smith.”\\nTo be as specific as possible, identify the recipient by a formal title, such as “Mrs.”, “Dr.”, or “Jr.”, where needed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Note the company or organization.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re writing to a representative of a group, the name of this group should come directly after the individual’s name. For example, the first 2 lines of the delivery address of a letter being sent to a business should look something like—“John A. Smith/ACME Innovations Inc.”\\nThere’s no need to include any additional identifying information, such as the person’s official title or job description.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Provide the PO Box number.\", \"描述\": \"Post office box addresses always begin with the words “PO Box” followed by the individual box number, usually a 2-5 digit number. The US Postal Service requests that senders leave out all punctuation when filling in PO Box addresses. For instance, write “PO Box,” not “P.O. Box.”\\nMany businesses (and some individuals) receive their mail at post office boxes rather than traditional street addresses, which means you’ll only ever address your mail to 1 or the other, never both.\\nPO Boxes work a little differently in every country. As a result, you might not have the same number of shipping options available to you when sending a letter or package internationally.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add the city, state, and postal code to the last line.\", \"描述\": \"Finally, specify the general area where the letter will be delivered. Separate the city and state or province with a comma, and leave a space between the state and postal code. In some regions, like France and parts of Canada, the postal code may come before the name of the city.\\nUse the 2-letter abbreviation for your state or territory as outlined by your local postal authority, such as “Los Angeles, CA” or “New York, NY.”\\nIf you're mailing to an international address, include the name of the country on the line directly below the city and postal code.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing the Necessary Mailing Information\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look up unknown PO Box numbers.\", \"描述\": \"You should be able to uncover the physical address of the person or entity you’re trying to reach with a quick internet search. It may also be printed somewhere on the packaging of products you’ve purchased. The address will be displayed just as it should appear on your letter, so if there’s any doubt, just copy it down exactly as you see it.\\nIf you’re responding to a letter, you can find the PO Box in first or second line of the return address in the upper lefthand corner of the envelope.\\nCall Directory Assistance or submit a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request form to get ahold of a PO Box number that isn’t listed publicly.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write legibly.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re finished addressing your letter, examine your handwriting and see whether it’s clear. Keep in mind that your mail is being handled, sorted, and delivered by another person, who will need to be able to read it at a glance. \\nAlways print handwritten info. Cursive and other fancy scripts can be difficult to make out.\\nIt may help to write in all capital letters if your penmanship tends to be rushed or messy.\\nIf you’re unsure whether your address will be legible to an unfamiliar eye, start over with a fresh envelope just to be on the safe side.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Provide a return address.\", \"描述\": \"Write your own address in the upper lefthand corner of the envelope or package. The return address should be the about the same size of the delivery address or slightly smaller. Otherwise, it may be mistaken for the delivery address.\\nInclude the address where it’s most convenient to reach you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Affix the proper postage.\", \"描述\": \"Slap a stamp or prepaid shipping label somewhere near the upper righthand corner to cover the cost of delivery. Make sure the stamp or label isn’t hiding either address, or any other delivery info.\\nUse a postage calculator to add up the cost of postage, or ask a clerk for assistance.\\nInternational mail may also require additional postage or customs forms. These forms must be completed and submitted online prior to shipping.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check for mistakes.\", \"描述\": \"Before you mail your letter, look back over the information you’ve provided and confirm that it’s correct. It’s especially important that you get numerical details right. When you’re satisfied with your letter, slip it in the mailbox or take it down to the post office for delivery.\\nThe mail carrier may know what you meant if you make a typo like “Indianapolis, IN,” but if the PO Box number or zip code is off, the letter could end up somewhere else or fail to be delivered at all.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Write out the recipient’s address using a pen or permanent marker with a dark-colored ink. Avoid using a pencil.\\n\", \"Keep your writing a consistent size so the envelope information doesn't look cluttered.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,291 | How to Adhere Concrete to Concrete | 1. Patching a Concrete Surface
1-1. Wait for a cool, overcast day to do your concrete repairs.
This is the best time to adhere the concrete because it takes longer for the water to dry out, and it has more time to react with the cement.
1-2. Buy concrete patching material.
It is available in a pre-mixed form or by buying the separate ingredients in bulk. If you haven't adhered concrete to concrete before, it is a good idea to go with the pre-mixed version, which only requires that you add water.
Buying the raw materials, gravel, Portland cement and sand is considerably cheaper than buying pre-mixed concrete patching. If you are patching a deep hole, you can use 1-inch (2.54-cm) gravel, otherwise, use very fine gravel.
Mix the dry materials in a ratio of 3 parts gravel to 2 parts sand to 1.5 parts cement in a bucket. This is sometimes listed as 3 to 2 to 1. A higher amount of cement will create a stronger material. There will be more of chemical reaction between the cement and water, which will create more crystals and a harder structure.
1-3. Sweep the concrete surface carefully.
You must remove all loose stones, or the bonding agent and cement will not reach the surface of the concrete.
1-4. Dust the surface thoroughly after you have swept.
You can use a blower or a soft brush; wipe away the dirt that is stuck to the surface.
1-5. Rinse the concrete.
Sprinkle an even amount of water onto the surface with a hose attachment. Stop adding water before you create standing water on the surface.
This will stop the porous concrete from sucking the moisture out of the bonding agent and concrete bonding material.
1-6. Create cement paint.
Mix Portland cement, which is available at most hardware stores, with water. Stir the 2 ingredients together until they form the consistency of wet paint.
You can also buy an acrylic bonding agent to use in place of the homemade cement paint. They are made of resin and can be either added to your patching concrete or applied like the cement paint. Follow the instructions on the can or bottle very carefully, as many of the products have different application instructions and drying times.
1-7. Apply a thin layer of the cement paint to the old, damp concrete with a paint brush.
Do this right before you plan to pour the new concrete patch onto your old concrete surface.
1-8. Add the water to the homemade or pre-mixed concrete patch just before applying.
Mix it well. Pour the patch into holes and cracks or pour a 3/8-inch (1-cm) layer to flat surfaces.
1-9. Wipe the surface of the concrete with a wooden float.
Apply it to the surface with a back and forth motion until the pieces of gravel have sunk below the surface. The sand and cement should rise to the surface.
1-10. Allow water to bead and rise to the surface.
It will evaporate on its own. For a smoother finish, wait until the concrete is hardening and almost plastic in texture, then apply a smooth back and forth motion with a metal trowel.
1-11. Cover your patch with plastic sheeting while it dries.
This will keep as much water as possible within the concrete mix and it will bond better.
1-12. Spray the new concrete with a coat of water every day for 4 to 7 days.
This will keep the chemical reaction going and make the new concrete stronger.
2. Pouring a New Slab over an Existing One
2-1. Mix one part polybond with 4 parts water.
2-2. Add the mixture to clean dry cement powder.
2-3. Mix until a slurry like consistency is achieved.
2-4. Brush this slurry mix onto old concrete slab.
2-5. Pour new concrete while mixture is still wet.
2-6. Keep applying slurry mix ahead of new concrete as you go.
2-7. Finish concrete in your usual manner.
Tips
If possible, shade your new concrete from hot sun. This can leach out the water and make the bond weaker.
Creating a smooth finish on concrete is difficult. It takes practice to achieve a professional look. For larger jobs, consider hiring a professional.
If you are trying to repair a step or the corner of a sidewalk or driveway, you should use reinforcing steel bars, or rebars, to reinforce the new concrete and adhere the 2 materials together. Consult your local hardware store on the best size of pins for your project.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Patching a Concrete Surface\\n1-1. Wait for a cool, overcast day to do your concrete repairs.\\nThis is the best time to adhere the concrete because it takes longer for the water to dry out, and it has more time to react with the cement.\\n1-2. Buy concrete patching material.\\nIt is available in a pre-mixed form or by buying the separate ingredients in bulk. If you haven't adhered concrete to concrete before, it is a good idea to go with the pre-mixed version, which only requires that you add water.\\nBuying the raw materials, gravel, Portland cement and sand is considerably cheaper than buying pre-mixed concrete patching. If you are patching a deep hole, you can use 1-inch (2.54-cm) gravel, otherwise, use very fine gravel.\\nMix the dry materials in a ratio of 3 parts gravel to 2 parts sand to 1.5 parts cement in a bucket. This is sometimes listed as 3 to 2 to 1. A higher amount of cement will create a stronger material. There will be more of chemical reaction between the cement and water, which will create more crystals and a harder structure.\\n1-3. Sweep the concrete surface carefully.\\nYou must remove all loose stones, or the bonding agent and cement will not reach the surface of the concrete.\\n1-4. Dust the surface thoroughly after you have swept.\\nYou can use a blower or a soft brush; wipe away the dirt that is stuck to the surface.\\n1-5. Rinse the concrete.\\nSprinkle an even amount of water onto the surface with a hose attachment. Stop adding water before you create standing water on the surface.\\nThis will stop the porous concrete from sucking the moisture out of the bonding agent and concrete bonding material.\\n1-6. Create cement paint.\\nMix Portland cement, which is available at most hardware stores, with water. Stir the 2 ingredients together until they form the consistency of wet paint.\\nYou can also buy an acrylic bonding agent to use in place of the homemade cement paint. They are made of resin and can be either added to your patching concrete or applied like the cement paint. Follow the instructions on the can or bottle very carefully, as many of the products have different application instructions and drying times.\\n1-7. Apply a thin layer of the cement paint to the old, damp concrete with a paint brush.\\nDo this right before you plan to pour the new concrete patch onto your old concrete surface.\\n1-8. Add the water to the homemade or pre-mixed concrete patch just before applying.\\nMix it well. Pour the patch into holes and cracks or pour a 3/8-inch (1-cm) layer to flat surfaces.\\n1-9. Wipe the surface of the concrete with a wooden float.\\nApply it to the surface with a back and forth motion until the pieces of gravel have sunk below the surface. The sand and cement should rise to the surface.\\n1-10. Allow water to bead and rise to the surface.\\nIt will evaporate on its own. For a smoother finish, wait until the concrete is hardening and almost plastic in texture, then apply a smooth back and forth motion with a metal trowel.\\n1-11. Cover your patch with plastic sheeting while it dries.\\nThis will keep as much water as possible within the concrete mix and it will bond better.\\n1-12. Spray the new concrete with a coat of water every day for 4 to 7 days.\\nThis will keep the chemical reaction going and make the new concrete stronger.\\n2. Pouring a New Slab over an Existing One\\n2-1. Mix one part polybond with 4 parts water.\\n\\n2-2. Add the mixture to clean dry cement powder.\\n\\n2-3. Mix until a slurry like consistency is achieved.\\n\\n2-4. Brush this slurry mix onto old concrete slab.\\n\\n2-5. Pour new concrete while mixture is still wet.\\n\\n2-6. Keep applying slurry mix ahead of new concrete as you go.\\n\\n2-7. Finish concrete in your usual manner.\\n\\nTips\\nIf possible, shade your new concrete from hot sun. This can leach out the water and make the bond weaker.\\nCreating a smooth finish on concrete is difficult. It takes practice to achieve a professional look. For larger jobs, consider hiring a professional.\\nIf you are trying to repair a step or the corner of a sidewalk or driveway, you should use reinforcing steel bars, or rebars, to reinforce the new concrete and adhere the 2 materials together. Consult your local hardware store on the best size of pins for your project.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Concrete is usually made of cement, water, gravel, and sand. This combination creates a very hard, durable surface. However, cracks and damage can occur. Fixing concrete takes a number of materials because it does not readily adhere to other concrete. The mixture and formation relies on a chemical reaction that stops once dried. If you need to patch a concrete surface or pour new concrete on top of old concrete, you must invest in a strong bonding agent and a concrete patching mix. If all precautions are taken, you can create a repair that will last a few decades.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Patching a Concrete Surface\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wait for a cool, overcast day to do your concrete repairs.\", \"描述\": \"This is the best time to adhere the concrete because it takes longer for the water to dry out, and it has more time to react with the cement.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Buy concrete patching material.\", \"描述\": \"It is available in a pre-mixed form or by buying the separate ingredients in bulk. If you haven't adhered concrete to concrete before, it is a good idea to go with the pre-mixed version, which only requires that you add water.\\nBuying the raw materials, gravel, Portland cement and sand is considerably cheaper than buying pre-mixed concrete patching. If you are patching a deep hole, you can use 1-inch (2.54-cm) gravel, otherwise, use very fine gravel.\\nMix the dry materials in a ratio of 3 parts gravel to 2 parts sand to 1.5 parts cement in a bucket. This is sometimes listed as 3 to 2 to 1. A higher amount of cement will create a stronger material. There will be more of chemical reaction between the cement and water, which will create more crystals and a harder structure.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sweep the concrete surface carefully.\", \"描述\": \"You must remove all loose stones, or the bonding agent and cement will not reach the surface of the concrete.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Dust the surface thoroughly after you have swept.\", \"描述\": \"You can use a blower or a soft brush; wipe away the dirt that is stuck to the surface.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Rinse the concrete.\", \"描述\": \"Sprinkle an even amount of water onto the surface with a hose attachment. Stop adding water before you create standing water on the surface.\\nThis will stop the porous concrete from sucking the moisture out of the bonding agent and concrete bonding material.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Create cement paint.\", \"描述\": \"Mix Portland cement, which is available at most hardware stores, with water. Stir the 2 ingredients together until they form the consistency of wet paint.\\nYou can also buy an acrylic bonding agent to use in place of the homemade cement paint. They are made of resin and can be either added to your patching concrete or applied like the cement paint. Follow the instructions on the can or bottle very carefully, as many of the products have different application instructions and drying times.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Apply a thin layer of the cement paint to the old, damp concrete with a paint brush.\", \"描述\": \"Do this right before you plan to pour the new concrete patch onto your old concrete surface.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Add the water to the homemade or pre-mixed concrete patch just before applying.\", \"描述\": \"Mix it well. Pour the patch into holes and cracks or pour a 3/8-inch (1-cm) layer to flat surfaces.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Wipe the surface of the concrete with a wooden float.\", \"描述\": \"Apply it to the surface with a back and forth motion until the pieces of gravel have sunk below the surface. The sand and cement should rise to the surface.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Allow water to bead and rise to the surface.\", \"描述\": \"It will evaporate on its own. For a smoother finish, wait until the concrete is hardening and almost plastic in texture, then apply a smooth back and forth motion with a metal trowel.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Cover your patch with plastic sheeting while it dries.\", \"描述\": \"This will keep as much water as possible within the concrete mix and it will bond better.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Spray the new concrete with a coat of water every day for 4 to 7 days.\", \"描述\": \"This will keep the chemical reaction going and make the new concrete stronger.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pouring a New Slab over an Existing One\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Mix one part polybond with 4 parts water.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add the mixture to clean dry cement powder.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mix until a slurry like consistency is achieved.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Brush this slurry mix onto old concrete slab.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pour new concrete while mixture is still wet.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep applying slurry mix ahead of new concrete as you go.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Finish concrete in your usual manner.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If possible, shade your new concrete from hot sun. This can leach out the water and make the bond weaker.\\n\", \"Creating a smooth finish on concrete is difficult. It takes practice to achieve a professional look. For larger jobs, consider hiring a professional.\\n\", \"If you are trying to repair a step or the corner of a sidewalk or driveway, you should use reinforcing steel bars, or rebars, to reinforce the new concrete and adhere the 2 materials together. Consult your local hardware store on the best size of pins for your project.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,292 | How to Adhere Fabric to Wood | 1. Preparing the Wood
1-1. Sand the wood with 100-200 grit sandpaper.
Before you start to apply the fabric to the wood surface, you should make sure it's smooth. Get a 100-200 grit sandpaper and sand back and forth over the area that you want to adhere the fabric to. Creating a smooth surface will eliminate bumps.
1-2. Wipe down the surface of the wood with a damp rag.
Remove any dust that was created from sanding your piece of wood by wiping down its surface with a damp rag. Don't use an overly saturated rag because you don't want to get your wood wet.
1-3. Let the wood dry fully before applying adhesive.
The mod podge won't work as well if you try to apply it to a damp or wet surface. Make sure the wood is dried out before moving on.
1-4. Measure and cut your fabric to size.
Lay your fabric over the piece of wood, leaving at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of slack around the fabric. This excess will ensure that you get complete coverage of fabric over the wood.
2. Gluing with Mod Podge
2-1. Purchase or make mod podge.
You can buy mod podge at an arts and crafts store or you can purchase it online. This versatile crafting glue is an adhesive, sealer, and finisher and can be used on a variety of different materials, including fabric and wood.
There are a variety of different mod podge options you can purchase. Matte, glossy, fabric, or wood mod podge will all effectively adhere your fabric to wood.
2-2. Apply the mod podge to the wood in an even layer.
Use a painter's brush or a foam brush and dip it into your mod podge container. Work around the edges of where you'll be laying your fabric, then work your way towards the center of your wooden piece. Work fast because mod podge dries quickly.
2-3. Lay the fabric over the mod podge.
Line up the fabric as accurately as you can as you lay it over the mod podge. Lay the fabric down and press the fabric onto the wood.
2-4. Smooth out any wrinkles with your hands.
Use the palm of your hand and rub over the surface of the fabric to smooth out the wrinkles. Apply a small amount of pressure over the top of the fabric so that it attaches to the mod podge.
You can also use a brayer, or a handheld roller, to roll over the fabric and get rid of the wrinkles.
2-5. Let the mod podge dry for 24 hours.
Mod podge will dry fairly quickly, but leaving it to dry overnight will ensure it's completely dry. Return to your wood and lightly tug on the edges of the fabric to make sure that it's fully adhered.
2-6. Cut off the excess fabric.
Use a scissor to carefully cut off the 1 inch (2.5 cm) of excess fabric. Your fabric should now be neatly attached to the wood.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing the Wood\\n1-1. Sand the wood with 100-200 grit sandpaper.\\nBefore you start to apply the fabric to the wood surface, you should make sure it's smooth. Get a 100-200 grit sandpaper and sand back and forth over the area that you want to adhere the fabric to. Creating a smooth surface will eliminate bumps.\\n1-2. Wipe down the surface of the wood with a damp rag.\\nRemove any dust that was created from sanding your piece of wood by wiping down its surface with a damp rag. Don't use an overly saturated rag because you don't want to get your wood wet.\\n1-3. Let the wood dry fully before applying adhesive.\\nThe mod podge won't work as well if you try to apply it to a damp or wet surface. Make sure the wood is dried out before moving on.\\n1-4. Measure and cut your fabric to size.\\nLay your fabric over the piece of wood, leaving at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of slack around the fabric. This excess will ensure that you get complete coverage of fabric over the wood.\\n2. Gluing with Mod Podge\\n2-1. Purchase or make mod podge.\\nYou can buy mod podge at an arts and crafts store or you can purchase it online. This versatile crafting glue is an adhesive, sealer, and finisher and can be used on a variety of different materials, including fabric and wood.\\nThere are a variety of different mod podge options you can purchase. Matte, glossy, fabric, or wood mod podge will all effectively adhere your fabric to wood.\\n2-2. Apply the mod podge to the wood in an even layer.\\nUse a painter's brush or a foam brush and dip it into your mod podge container. Work around the edges of where you'll be laying your fabric, then work your way towards the center of your wooden piece. Work fast because mod podge dries quickly.\\n2-3. Lay the fabric over the mod podge.\\nLine up the fabric as accurately as you can as you lay it over the mod podge. Lay the fabric down and press the fabric onto the wood.\\n2-4. Smooth out any wrinkles with your hands.\\nUse the palm of your hand and rub over the surface of the fabric to smooth out the wrinkles. Apply a small amount of pressure over the top of the fabric so that it attaches to the mod podge.\\nYou can also use a brayer, or a handheld roller, to roll over the fabric and get rid of the wrinkles.\\n2-5. Let the mod podge dry for 24 hours.\\nMod podge will dry fairly quickly, but leaving it to dry overnight will ensure it's completely dry. Return to your wood and lightly tug on the edges of the fabric to make sure that it's fully adhered.\\n2-6. Cut off the excess fabric.\\nUse a scissor to carefully cut off the 1 inch (2.5 cm) of excess fabric. Your fabric should now be neatly attached to the wood.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you want to adhere fabric to a piece of wood without it peeling off, you'll have to use something that's stronger than a basic crafting glue. To glue a piece of fabric to wood, you'll need to sand the surface of the wood and then use mod podge to attach the fabric. Other glues have the tendency to show through the fabric or aren't strong enough adhesives and should be avoided. If you use the proper techniques and materials, your fabric will stay attached to the wood for the long run.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing the Wood\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sand the wood with 100-200 grit sandpaper.\", \"描述\": \"Before you start to apply the fabric to the wood surface, you should make sure it's smooth. Get a 100-200 grit sandpaper and sand back and forth over the area that you want to adhere the fabric to. Creating a smooth surface will eliminate bumps.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wipe down the surface of the wood with a damp rag.\", \"描述\": \"Remove any dust that was created from sanding your piece of wood by wiping down its surface with a damp rag. Don't use an overly saturated rag because you don't want to get your wood wet.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Let the wood dry fully before applying adhesive.\", \"描述\": \"The mod podge won't work as well if you try to apply it to a damp or wet surface. Make sure the wood is dried out before moving on.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Measure and cut your fabric to size.\", \"描述\": \"Lay your fabric over the piece of wood, leaving at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of slack around the fabric. This excess will ensure that you get complete coverage of fabric over the wood.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gluing with Mod Podge\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Purchase or make mod podge.\", \"描述\": \"You can buy mod podge at an arts and crafts store or you can purchase it online. This versatile crafting glue is an adhesive, sealer, and finisher and can be used on a variety of different materials, including fabric and wood.\\nThere are a variety of different mod podge options you can purchase. Matte, glossy, fabric, or wood mod podge will all effectively adhere your fabric to wood.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply the mod podge to the wood in an even layer.\", \"描述\": \"Use a painter's brush or a foam brush and dip it into your mod podge container. Work around the edges of where you'll be laying your fabric, then work your way towards the center of your wooden piece. Work fast because mod podge dries quickly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Lay the fabric over the mod podge.\", \"描述\": \"Line up the fabric as accurately as you can as you lay it over the mod podge. Lay the fabric down and press the fabric onto the wood.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Smooth out any wrinkles with your hands.\", \"描述\": \"Use the palm of your hand and rub over the surface of the fabric to smooth out the wrinkles. Apply a small amount of pressure over the top of the fabric so that it attaches to the mod podge.\\nYou can also use a brayer, or a handheld roller, to roll over the fabric and get rid of the wrinkles.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Let the mod podge dry for 24 hours.\", \"描述\": \"Mod podge will dry fairly quickly, but leaving it to dry overnight will ensure it's completely dry. Return to your wood and lightly tug on the edges of the fabric to make sure that it's fully adhered.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Cut off the excess fabric.\", \"描述\": \"Use a scissor to carefully cut off the 1 inch (2.5 cm) of excess fabric. Your fabric should now be neatly attached to the wood.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,293 | How to Adhere Paper to Canvas | 1. Prepping the Canvas and Paper
1-1. Choose a type of canvas.
There are two main types of canvas: the thin type and the thick type. The thin canvases are a simple, light-weight board, ideal for framing. The thicker canvases are a sheet of canvas stretched over a wooden frame. They are ideal if you want to extend your design over the edges.
1-2. Choose a size for your project.
If you are going to glue a picture or photo onto the canvas, choose something that is the same size as your image—or a little bit smaller. It is easier to trim an image down to fit a canvas than the other way around. If you are going to create a collage, however, you can choose any size of canvas you want.
1-3. Paint your canvas a background color, if desired.
This is only necessary if you will be creating a collage on it. If you are going to adhere an image onto a thick, wood-frame canvas, you do not need to paint the front, but you should paint the edges. Acrylic paint will work the best for this, because it dries the fastest. Avoid using oil paint or watercolor paint; oil paint will take too long to cure and watercolor paint won't stick.
Choose a color that contrasts your images for a collage.
Choose a color that matches or complements a single image that will cover the entire canvas.
1-4. Allow the paint to dry, then apply a coat of sealant over it.
Sealers come in many different finishes, so you should pick one that you like the best.
If you did not paint the canvas, you can skip this step.
1-5. Trim the paper down, if needed.
Use a paper slicer or a craft blade and a metal ruler to do this. Make sure that the edges are nice and neat. If you are going to cover the entire canvas with your image, you will need to trim the image down to fit the canvas. If you are making a collage, trim down the images to different sizes; this will make things look more interesting than if they were all one size.
Trace the canvas onto the back of your image, then use a sharp blade and a metal ruler to cut the paper.
2. Adhering the Paper
2-1. Choose a medium to work with.
A decoupage glue, such as Mod Podge, is the cheapest, most readily-available option. Keep in mind that most decoupage glues are not waterproof, and they may get tacky if wet. Alternatively, you can use an acrylic paint medium instead. Unlike most decoupage glues, acrylic medium is waterproof and resistant to yellowing or discoloring.
2-2. Apply a thin coat of your chosen medium to the front of the canvas.
You can use a wide, flat paintbrush or a foam brush to do this. Avoid putting on too much medium, however, or the paper will soak it up and wrinkle.
If you are building a collage, consider applying the glue to the back of your image instead; work one image at a time.
2-3. Set the paper onto the canvas.
If you are covering the entire canvas, match up the bottom edge of the paper with the bottom edge of the canvas, then carefully lay it down. Carefully adjust the paper until you are happy with the placement.
2-4. Smooth the paper down to adhere it.
You can do this with your hands or with a special roller, which you can find alongside the other decoupaging supplies in an arts and crafts store. Smooth the paper out starting from the middle of the canvas, and work your way towards the outside edges.
2-5. Clean up any excess medium.
All that smoothing out likely resulted in some of your medium leaking out from under the paper. You can wipe it away with your paintbrush. This will have the added benefit of sealing the edge of the paper against the canvas.
3. Finishing the Piece
3-1. Apply a thin, even coat of your medium over the image.
Brush the medium onto the image, starting from the center and working your way outwards. Be sure to extend the medium past the edges of the image to seal it in. If you are using a thick, wood-frame canvas, be sure to coat the sides as well.
Use long, even strokes to give your image a nice, canvas-y texture.
3-2. Allow the medium to dry.
Depending on the type of medium you are using, you will need to wait 15 to 20 minutes. This is very important; if you apply the next layer too soon, you may get wrinkles or air bubbles. The layers also may not cure properly.
3-3. Consider adding more layers of images.
You can make photos and collages look more interesting by layering smaller images and cutouts on top. Apply your medium to the back of the image, then press it against the canvas. Brush more medium over the image, and let it dry fully before moving on.
3-4. Apply a final top coat.
Most decoupage glues and acrylic mediums can double-up as a sealer. They typically come in glossy, satin, and matte finishes. You can use the one you used earlier to adhere the paper, or you can pick a different one if you want a different finish. If you used a thick, wood-frame canvas, you will need to seal the side edges as well.
You can apply more than one layer of top coat, but you will need to let the previous layer dry first.
3-5. Allow the medium to dry and cure before displaying the piece.
Just because something feels dry does not necessarily mean that it is fully dry and ready to use. Check the label on your bottle of medium, and look to see if there is a curing time; most mediums require at least a day or two to cure. Once the medium has cured, you can frame or hang the canvas as desired.
If the medium feels tacky or sticky, it has not cured; you should wait a few more days.
Tips
Rinse the brush out while you are waiting for the medium to dry, otherwise you will ruin the brush.
Apply two layers of top coat with the brush strokes going in opposite directions. This will give you a grid-like texture, similar to that of canvas.
Stir a few drops of paint into the medium to give your image a tinted look.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Prepping the Canvas and Paper\\n1-1. Choose a type of canvas.\\nThere are two main types of canvas: the thin type and the thick type. The thin canvases are a simple, light-weight board, ideal for framing. The thicker canvases are a sheet of canvas stretched over a wooden frame. They are ideal if you want to extend your design over the edges.\\n1-2. Choose a size for your project.\\nIf you are going to glue a picture or photo onto the canvas, choose something that is the same size as your image—or a little bit smaller. It is easier to trim an image down to fit a canvas than the other way around. If you are going to create a collage, however, you can choose any size of canvas you want.\\n1-3. Paint your canvas a background color, if desired.\\nThis is only necessary if you will be creating a collage on it. If you are going to adhere an image onto a thick, wood-frame canvas, you do not need to paint the front, but you should paint the edges. Acrylic paint will work the best for this, because it dries the fastest. Avoid using oil paint or watercolor paint; oil paint will take too long to cure and watercolor paint won't stick.\\nChoose a color that contrasts your images for a collage.\\nChoose a color that matches or complements a single image that will cover the entire canvas.\\n1-4. Allow the paint to dry, then apply a coat of sealant over it.\\nSealers come in many different finishes, so you should pick one that you like the best.\\nIf you did not paint the canvas, you can skip this step.\\n1-5. Trim the paper down, if needed.\\nUse a paper slicer or a craft blade and a metal ruler to do this. Make sure that the edges are nice and neat. If you are going to cover the entire canvas with your image, you will need to trim the image down to fit the canvas. If you are making a collage, trim down the images to different sizes; this will make things look more interesting than if they were all one size.\\nTrace the canvas onto the back of your image, then use a sharp blade and a metal ruler to cut the paper.\\n2. Adhering the Paper\\n2-1. Choose a medium to work with.\\nA decoupage glue, such as Mod Podge, is the cheapest, most readily-available option. Keep in mind that most decoupage glues are not waterproof, and they may get tacky if wet. Alternatively, you can use an acrylic paint medium instead. Unlike most decoupage glues, acrylic medium is waterproof and resistant to yellowing or discoloring.\\n2-2. Apply a thin coat of your chosen medium to the front of the canvas.\\nYou can use a wide, flat paintbrush or a foam brush to do this. Avoid putting on too much medium, however, or the paper will soak it up and wrinkle.\\nIf you are building a collage, consider applying the glue to the back of your image instead; work one image at a time.\\n2-3. Set the paper onto the canvas.\\nIf you are covering the entire canvas, match up the bottom edge of the paper with the bottom edge of the canvas, then carefully lay it down. Carefully adjust the paper until you are happy with the placement.\\n2-4. Smooth the paper down to adhere it.\\nYou can do this with your hands or with a special roller, which you can find alongside the other decoupaging supplies in an arts and crafts store. Smooth the paper out starting from the middle of the canvas, and work your way towards the outside edges.\\n2-5. Clean up any excess medium.\\nAll that smoothing out likely resulted in some of your medium leaking out from under the paper. You can wipe it away with your paintbrush. This will have the added benefit of sealing the edge of the paper against the canvas.\\n3. Finishing the Piece\\n3-1. Apply a thin, even coat of your medium over the image.\\nBrush the medium onto the image, starting from the center and working your way outwards. Be sure to extend the medium past the edges of the image to seal it in. If you are using a thick, wood-frame canvas, be sure to coat the sides as well.\\nUse long, even strokes to give your image a nice, canvas-y texture.\\n3-2. Allow the medium to dry.\\nDepending on the type of medium you are using, you will need to wait 15 to 20 minutes. This is very important; if you apply the next layer too soon, you may get wrinkles or air bubbles. The layers also may not cure properly.\\n3-3. Consider adding more layers of images.\\nYou can make photos and collages look more interesting by layering smaller images and cutouts on top. Apply your medium to the back of the image, then press it against the canvas. Brush more medium over the image, and let it dry fully before moving on.\\n3-4. Apply a final top coat.\\nMost decoupage glues and acrylic mediums can double-up as a sealer. They typically come in glossy, satin, and matte finishes. You can use the one you used earlier to adhere the paper, or you can pick a different one if you want a different finish. If you used a thick, wood-frame canvas, you will need to seal the side edges as well.\\nYou can apply more than one layer of top coat, but you will need to let the previous layer dry first.\\n3-5. Allow the medium to dry and cure before displaying the piece.\\nJust because something feels dry does not necessarily mean that it is fully dry and ready to use. Check the label on your bottle of medium, and look to see if there is a curing time; most mediums require at least a day or two to cure. Once the medium has cured, you can frame or hang the canvas as desired.\\nIf the medium feels tacky or sticky, it has not cured; you should wait a few more days.\\nTips\\nRinse the brush out while you are waiting for the medium to dry, otherwise you will ruin the brush.\\nApply two layers of top coat with the brush strokes going in opposite directions. This will give you a grid-like texture, similar to that of canvas.\\nStir a few drops of paint into the medium to give your image a tinted look.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most people will paint pictures and illustrations on canvas, but did you know that you can adhere paper to it as well? You can't just use any ordinary type of glue, however, otherwise the paper may not adhere properly. With the right technique, however, you can turn a plain canvas into a unique collage or as a base for a picture or photo.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepping the Canvas and Paper\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a type of canvas.\", \"描述\": \"There are two main types of canvas: the thin type and the thick type. The thin canvases are a simple, light-weight board, ideal for framing. The thicker canvases are a sheet of canvas stretched over a wooden frame. They are ideal if you want to extend your design over the edges.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a size for your project.\", \"描述\": \"If you are going to glue a picture or photo onto the canvas, choose something that is the same size as your image—or a little bit smaller. It is easier to trim an image down to fit a canvas than the other way around. If you are going to create a collage, however, you can choose any size of canvas you want.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Paint your canvas a background color, if desired.\", \"描述\": \"This is only necessary if you will be creating a collage on it. If you are going to adhere an image onto a thick, wood-frame canvas, you do not need to paint the front, but you should paint the edges. Acrylic paint will work the best for this, because it dries the fastest. Avoid using oil paint or watercolor paint; oil paint will take too long to cure and watercolor paint won't stick.\\nChoose a color that contrasts your images for a collage.\\nChoose a color that matches or complements a single image that will cover the entire canvas.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Allow the paint to dry, then apply a coat of sealant over it.\", \"描述\": \"Sealers come in many different finishes, so you should pick one that you like the best.\\nIf you did not paint the canvas, you can skip this step.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Trim the paper down, if needed.\", \"描述\": \"Use a paper slicer or a craft blade and a metal ruler to do this. Make sure that the edges are nice and neat. If you are going to cover the entire canvas with your image, you will need to trim the image down to fit the canvas. If you are making a collage, trim down the images to different sizes; this will make things look more interesting than if they were all one size.\\nTrace the canvas onto the back of your image, then use a sharp blade and a metal ruler to cut the paper.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adhering the Paper\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a medium to work with.\", \"描述\": \"A decoupage glue, such as Mod Podge, is the cheapest, most readily-available option. Keep in mind that most decoupage glues are not waterproof, and they may get tacky if wet. Alternatively, you can use an acrylic paint medium instead. Unlike most decoupage glues, acrylic medium is waterproof and resistant to yellowing or discoloring.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply a thin coat of your chosen medium to the front of the canvas.\", \"描述\": \"You can use a wide, flat paintbrush or a foam brush to do this. Avoid putting on too much medium, however, or the paper will soak it up and wrinkle.\\nIf you are building a collage, consider applying the glue to the back of your image instead; work one image at a time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set the paper onto the canvas.\", \"描述\": \"If you are covering the entire canvas, match up the bottom edge of the paper with the bottom edge of the canvas, then carefully lay it down. Carefully adjust the paper until you are happy with the placement.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Smooth the paper down to adhere it.\", \"描述\": \"You can do this with your hands or with a special roller, which you can find alongside the other decoupaging supplies in an arts and crafts store. Smooth the paper out starting from the middle of the canvas, and work your way towards the outside edges.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Clean up any excess medium.\", \"描述\": \"All that smoothing out likely resulted in some of your medium leaking out from under the paper. You can wipe it away with your paintbrush. This will have the added benefit of sealing the edge of the paper against the canvas.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finishing the Piece\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply a thin, even coat of your medium over the image.\", \"描述\": \"Brush the medium onto the image, starting from the center and working your way outwards. Be sure to extend the medium past the edges of the image to seal it in. If you are using a thick, wood-frame canvas, be sure to coat the sides as well.\\nUse long, even strokes to give your image a nice, canvas-y texture.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Allow the medium to dry.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the type of medium you are using, you will need to wait 15 to 20 minutes. This is very important; if you apply the next layer too soon, you may get wrinkles or air bubbles. The layers also may not cure properly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider adding more layers of images.\", \"描述\": \"You can make photos and collages look more interesting by layering smaller images and cutouts on top. Apply your medium to the back of the image, then press it against the canvas. Brush more medium over the image, and let it dry fully before moving on.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply a final top coat.\", \"描述\": \"Most decoupage glues and acrylic mediums can double-up as a sealer. They typically come in glossy, satin, and matte finishes. You can use the one you used earlier to adhere the paper, or you can pick a different one if you want a different finish. If you used a thick, wood-frame canvas, you will need to seal the side edges as well.\\nYou can apply more than one layer of top coat, but you will need to let the previous layer dry first.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Allow the medium to dry and cure before displaying the piece.\", \"描述\": \"Just because something feels dry does not necessarily mean that it is fully dry and ready to use. Check the label on your bottle of medium, and look to see if there is a curing time; most mediums require at least a day or two to cure. Once the medium has cured, you can frame or hang the canvas as desired.\\nIf the medium feels tacky or sticky, it has not cured; you should wait a few more days.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Rinse the brush out while you are waiting for the medium to dry, otherwise you will ruin the brush.\\n\", \"Apply two layers of top coat with the brush strokes going in opposite directions. This will give you a grid-like texture, similar to that of canvas.\\n\", \"Stir a few drops of paint into the medium to give your image a tinted look.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,294 | How to Adhere Paper to Wood | 1. Using Mod Podge as an Adhesive
1-1. Sand any rough patches on the wood.
If the piece of wood has any splinters or other rough patches, sand them down with medium-grit sandpaper. Then wipe the wood down with a tack cloth to remove any sawdust. If you don't have a tack cloth, a damp cloth or paper towel will work as well.
1-2. Choose between a gloss or matte mod podge formula.
Mod podge is a thick glue, sealer, and finisher that's very popular for arts and crafts projects like this. To mod podge paper to wood, you have a choice between a gloss or matte formula. Both are effective, but the only difference is that a gloss finish will give a shine to your finished product. If you don't want that, choose a matte formula.
Both mod podge types are available at crafts stores or online.
1-3. Wet a foam brush and dip it into the mod podge.
Dip the brush into a cup of water. Dab it on a paper towel to soak up excess water, then dip it into the mod podge. Stir a bit to get a good amount of glue on the brush.
A foam brush gives you the smoothest finish, but a regular paintbrush will work as well. If you don't mind seeing brushstrokes, then use a regular brush.
1-4. Paint a layer of mod podge on the side of the wood you're attaching the paper to.
Use back and forth strokes to spread the mod podge around the wood. Add more if you need to. Cover the whole area that you're applying paint to.
Make sure the mod podge looks like a translucent white on the wood. If it's clear, add more. If it looks completely white, spread it around a little thinner.
It's okay if you get glue on spots that the paper won't cover. The mod podge dries clear.
Mod podge dries quickly, so don't wait long before you press the paper down.
1-5. Press the paper down against the wood.
After applying the mod podge, take the paper and line it up with the wood. Then press it down in the position you want it on the wood. From there, run your palm across the paper to press it against the wood and work out air bubbles.
1-6. Roll the paper with a mod podge applicator.
Mod podge makes an applicator that looks like a small roller. This flattens the paper down and works out any air and excess glue. Roll over the paper a few times until the surface is completely even.
If any mod podge leaks out from the sides, wipe it up with a paper towel.
These applicators are available from craft stores or online.
1-7. Let the mod podge dry for 15 minutes.
Leave the project in a safe place where it won't get knocked over. After 15 minutes, you can move the project to a new area or apply a layer of finish.
Leave the piece flat so the paper doesn't slip.
1-8. Apply 2 thin coats of mod podge over the paper if you want an extra shine.
If you'd like, apply more mod podge over the paper for a shiny finish. Dip the brush back into the mod podge and paint a thin, clear layer on the paper. Wait 15 minutes and apply a second coat. Once the mod podge dries, the project is complete.
2. Bonding with Spray Adhesive
2-1. Get a can of artist's spray adhesive.
This adhesive is a type of clear spray glue. It comes in a can that looks similar to spray paint. Spray adhesive is available from hardware or arts stores.
There are other types of spray adhesives as well, but make sure you get the artist's type. Foam or photo sprays will ruin paper.
2-2. Lay the paper face down on a towel or sheet.
This prevents the adhesive from making a mess when you spray the paper. Use an old towel that you don't mind getting messy.
Make sure the sheet is clean before putting the paper down. Otherwise you could ruin the paper.
2-3. Spray a thin coat of adhesive onto the paper.
Shake the can well and hold it 6 inches (15 cm) from the paper. Then spray in even lines across the whole surface of the paper. Keep the can moving so the adhesive doesn't pool.
Passing over the paper once applies enough adhesive.
If you see the adhesive pooling, you're spraying it on too thick. Try wiping a bit of it off with a paper towel so the paper doesn't wrinkle.
2-4. Let the paper sit for 1 minute.
Pressing the paper down right away results in a weaker bond. Let the paper sit so the glue sets properly. This gives you a stronger hold.
If you do plan on peeling the paper off at some point, then press it down right away.
2-5. Press the paper against the wood.
After a minute passes, pick up the paper by the corners and press it down onto the wood.Smooth the paper out by pressing down with your palm and running it over the paper. Work out any air bubbles by pushing them towards the side.
Spray adhesive doesn't give you the strongest bond, so if you make a mistake, pull the paper up and put it back in the proper position.
2-6. Leave the paper for 1 hour to let the adhesive dry.
Spray adhesive generally dries quickly, but allow an hour to make sure it's completely dry. Leave the wood flat so the paper doesn't slide off. Then after an hour, move the piece wherever you want it.
If you change your mind and don't want to leave the paper on the wood, use mineral spirits to dissolve the adhesive.
3. Applying Tacky Glue
3-1. Seal the wood
Wood sealant smooths out the wood surface and prevents air bubbles from forming under the paper. Start by sanding the wood until the surface is smooth. Then paint it with a polyurethane wood sealant and let it dry. This will give you a cleaner finish when you glue the paper down.
This step is optional, but it will give you better results.
3-2. Pour a thick line of tacky glue onto the wood.
Tacky glue is an extra thick type of glue that is perfect for adhering paper to wood. It's sometimes called PVA glue. This type is the best choice because other watery glues will make the paper bubble up. Take a container of glue and squeeze it onto the wood in lines. Don’t try to cover the whole wood surface yet, because you’ll spread the glue around next.
Tacky glue is available online or at craft stores. It comes in clear and white varieties. Both dry clear, so either works for this project.
Wood glue is a good alternative to tacky glue, but it may make the paper wrinkle more than tacky glue will.
White glue that children use in school is similar to tacky glue, but it’s more watered down and could cause the paper to bubble up, so it's not a good choice.
Other popular glues like hot glue or super glue are not good choices. They'll wrinkle the paper.
3-3. Spread the glue in an even layer with a foam brush.
Once you’ve applied the glue, take a foam brush and spread it around. Cover the entire surface that you're attaching the paper to in an even layer of glue. Make sure you spread the glue all the way to the edge of the wood so the paper doesn’t start lifting. Add more glue as you need it.
The glue should be a translucent white when it’s spread out. If it looks completely clear, the layer is too thin. Add some more glue.
A regular paint brush won’t spread the glue as evenly, so only use a foam brush.
This glue dries quickly, so don’t wait long before pressing the paper down.
3-4. Press the paper against one edge of the wood and smooth it out.
Once the glue is applied, take the paper and line it up with the wood. Then press it down at an angle so only one edge of the paper and wood touch. From there, run your palm across the paper to press it against the wood. Apply pressure as you press to work out any air bubbles.
Continue smoothing the paper out until the surface is flat and even.
If you see any bubbles trapped under the paper, press down on them with your palm and work them towards the edges.
3-5. Let the glue dry for 1 hour.
Once the paper is in place, give the glue time to dry. Tacky glue dries quickly, often within a few minutes, so 1 hour is enough for the glue to dry. Set the piece in a safe place and come back in 1 hour to complete the job.
To ensure an even smoother finish, place something flat and heavy on top of the paper. Another piece of wood with some books on it would work.
Make sure any wood you place on the paper is clean so you don’t ruin the piece you just made.
3-6. Sand the edges of the paper if it overshoots the wood.
Sometimes the paper still doesn’t line up perfectly even though you traced the wood. In this case, use a fine-grit sanding block and sand down the paper edges. After a light sanding, the paper and wood will line up perfectly.
If you don’t have a sanding block or sandpaper, a fine nail file will work as well.
Tips
Make sure that all the equipment you work with is clean and dry. You could end up staining your piece if you use something that isn't clean.
Tacky glue washes off easily with just soap and water.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Mod Podge as an Adhesive\\n1-1. Sand any rough patches on the wood.\\nIf the piece of wood has any splinters or other rough patches, sand them down with medium-grit sandpaper. Then wipe the wood down with a tack cloth to remove any sawdust. If you don't have a tack cloth, a damp cloth or paper towel will work as well.\\n1-2. Choose between a gloss or matte mod podge formula.\\nMod podge is a thick glue, sealer, and finisher that's very popular for arts and crafts projects like this. To mod podge paper to wood, you have a choice between a gloss or matte formula. Both are effective, but the only difference is that a gloss finish will give a shine to your finished product. If you don't want that, choose a matte formula.\\nBoth mod podge types are available at crafts stores or online.\\n1-3. Wet a foam brush and dip it into the mod podge.\\nDip the brush into a cup of water. Dab it on a paper towel to soak up excess water, then dip it into the mod podge. Stir a bit to get a good amount of glue on the brush.\\nA foam brush gives you the smoothest finish, but a regular paintbrush will work as well. If you don't mind seeing brushstrokes, then use a regular brush.\\n1-4. Paint a layer of mod podge on the side of the wood you're attaching the paper to.\\nUse back and forth strokes to spread the mod podge around the wood. Add more if you need to. Cover the whole area that you're applying paint to.\\nMake sure the mod podge looks like a translucent white on the wood. If it's clear, add more. If it looks completely white, spread it around a little thinner.\\nIt's okay if you get glue on spots that the paper won't cover. The mod podge dries clear.\\nMod podge dries quickly, so don't wait long before you press the paper down.\\n1-5. Press the paper down against the wood.\\nAfter applying the mod podge, take the paper and line it up with the wood. Then press it down in the position you want it on the wood. From there, run your palm across the paper to press it against the wood and work out air bubbles.\\n1-6. Roll the paper with a mod podge applicator.\\nMod podge makes an applicator that looks like a small roller. This flattens the paper down and works out any air and excess glue. Roll over the paper a few times until the surface is completely even.\\nIf any mod podge leaks out from the sides, wipe it up with a paper towel.\\nThese applicators are available from craft stores or online.\\n1-7. Let the mod podge dry for 15 minutes.\\nLeave the project in a safe place where it won't get knocked over. After 15 minutes, you can move the project to a new area or apply a layer of finish.\\nLeave the piece flat so the paper doesn't slip.\\n1-8. Apply 2 thin coats of mod podge over the paper if you want an extra shine.\\nIf you'd like, apply more mod podge over the paper for a shiny finish. Dip the brush back into the mod podge and paint a thin, clear layer on the paper. Wait 15 minutes and apply a second coat. Once the mod podge dries, the project is complete.\\n2. Bonding with Spray Adhesive\\n2-1. Get a can of artist's spray adhesive.\\nThis adhesive is a type of clear spray glue. It comes in a can that looks similar to spray paint. Spray adhesive is available from hardware or arts stores.\\nThere are other types of spray adhesives as well, but make sure you get the artist's type. Foam or photo sprays will ruin paper.\\n2-2. Lay the paper face down on a towel or sheet.\\nThis prevents the adhesive from making a mess when you spray the paper. Use an old towel that you don't mind getting messy.\\nMake sure the sheet is clean before putting the paper down. Otherwise you could ruin the paper.\\n2-3. Spray a thin coat of adhesive onto the paper.\\nShake the can well and hold it 6 inches (15 cm) from the paper. Then spray in even lines across the whole surface of the paper. Keep the can moving so the adhesive doesn't pool.\\nPassing over the paper once applies enough adhesive.\\nIf you see the adhesive pooling, you're spraying it on too thick. Try wiping a bit of it off with a paper towel so the paper doesn't wrinkle.\\n2-4. Let the paper sit for 1 minute.\\nPressing the paper down right away results in a weaker bond. Let the paper sit so the glue sets properly. This gives you a stronger hold.\\nIf you do plan on peeling the paper off at some point, then press it down right away.\\n2-5. Press the paper against the wood.\\nAfter a minute passes, pick up the paper by the corners and press it down onto the wood.Smooth the paper out by pressing down with your palm and running it over the paper. Work out any air bubbles by pushing them towards the side.\\nSpray adhesive doesn't give you the strongest bond, so if you make a mistake, pull the paper up and put it back in the proper position.\\n2-6. Leave the paper for 1 hour to let the adhesive dry.\\nSpray adhesive generally dries quickly, but allow an hour to make sure it's completely dry. Leave the wood flat so the paper doesn't slide off. Then after an hour, move the piece wherever you want it.\\nIf you change your mind and don't want to leave the paper on the wood, use mineral spirits to dissolve the adhesive.\\n3. Applying Tacky Glue\\n3-1. Seal the wood\\nWood sealant smooths out the wood surface and prevents air bubbles from forming under the paper. Start by sanding the wood until the surface is smooth. Then paint it with a polyurethane wood sealant and let it dry. This will give you a cleaner finish when you glue the paper down.\\nThis step is optional, but it will give you better results.\\n3-2. Pour a thick line of tacky glue onto the wood.\\nTacky glue is an extra thick type of glue that is perfect for adhering paper to wood. It's sometimes called PVA glue. This type is the best choice because other watery glues will make the paper bubble up. Take a container of glue and squeeze it onto the wood in lines. Don’t try to cover the whole wood surface yet, because you’ll spread the glue around next.\\nTacky glue is available online or at craft stores. It comes in clear and white varieties. Both dry clear, so either works for this project.\\nWood glue is a good alternative to tacky glue, but it may make the paper wrinkle more than tacky glue will.\\nWhite glue that children use in school is similar to tacky glue, but it’s more watered down and could cause the paper to bubble up, so it's not a good choice.\\nOther popular glues like hot glue or super glue are not good choices. They'll wrinkle the paper.\\n3-3. Spread the glue in an even layer with a foam brush.\\nOnce you’ve applied the glue, take a foam brush and spread it around. Cover the entire surface that you're attaching the paper to in an even layer of glue. Make sure you spread the glue all the way to the edge of the wood so the paper doesn’t start lifting. Add more glue as you need it.\\nThe glue should be a translucent white when it’s spread out. If it looks completely clear, the layer is too thin. Add some more glue.\\nA regular paint brush won’t spread the glue as evenly, so only use a foam brush.\\nThis glue dries quickly, so don’t wait long before pressing the paper down.\\n3-4. Press the paper against one edge of the wood and smooth it out.\\nOnce the glue is applied, take the paper and line it up with the wood. Then press it down at an angle so only one edge of the paper and wood touch. From there, run your palm across the paper to press it against the wood. Apply pressure as you press to work out any air bubbles.\\nContinue smoothing the paper out until the surface is flat and even.\\nIf you see any bubbles trapped under the paper, press down on them with your palm and work them towards the edges.\\n3-5. Let the glue dry for 1 hour.\\nOnce the paper is in place, give the glue time to dry. Tacky glue dries quickly, often within a few minutes, so 1 hour is enough for the glue to dry. Set the piece in a safe place and come back in 1 hour to complete the job.\\nTo ensure an even smoother finish, place something flat and heavy on top of the paper. Another piece of wood with some books on it would work.\\nMake sure any wood you place on the paper is clean so you don’t ruin the piece you just made.\\n3-6. Sand the edges of the paper if it overshoots the wood.\\nSometimes the paper still doesn’t line up perfectly even though you traced the wood. In this case, use a fine-grit sanding block and sand down the paper edges. After a light sanding, the paper and wood will line up perfectly.\\nIf you don’t have a sanding block or sandpaper, a fine nail file will work as well.\\nTips\\nMake sure that all the equipment you work with is clean and dry. You could end up staining your piece if you use something that isn't clean.\\nTacky glue washes off easily with just soap and water.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Binding paper to wood is an important part of several craft and DIY activities. Luckily, it's easy to do with the right tools and techniques. To glue the paper down, brush tacky glue onto the wood surface. Press down with even pressure to work out any bubbles. Let the glue dry and your piece is complete. To mod podge the paper, sand the wood and paint it with a layer of mod podge. Then press the paper down and roll it on with an applicator. Give the paper a final coat of mod podge for shiny finish. If you think you may want to remove the paper at some point, use spray adhesive for a less permanent bond.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Mod Podge as an Adhesive\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sand any rough patches on the wood.\", \"描述\": \"If the piece of wood has any splinters or other rough patches, sand them down with medium-grit sandpaper. Then wipe the wood down with a tack cloth to remove any sawdust. If you don't have a tack cloth, a damp cloth or paper towel will work as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose between a gloss or matte mod podge formula.\", \"描述\": \"Mod podge is a thick glue, sealer, and finisher that's very popular for arts and crafts projects like this. To mod podge paper to wood, you have a choice between a gloss or matte formula. Both are effective, but the only difference is that a gloss finish will give a shine to your finished product. If you don't want that, choose a matte formula.\\nBoth mod podge types are available at crafts stores or online.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wet a foam brush and dip it into the mod podge.\", \"描述\": \"Dip the brush into a cup of water. Dab it on a paper towel to soak up excess water, then dip it into the mod podge. Stir a bit to get a good amount of glue on the brush.\\nA foam brush gives you the smoothest finish, but a regular paintbrush will work as well. If you don't mind seeing brushstrokes, then use a regular brush.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Paint a layer of mod podge on the side of the wood you're attaching the paper to.\", \"描述\": \"Use back and forth strokes to spread the mod podge around the wood. Add more if you need to. Cover the whole area that you're applying paint to.\\nMake sure the mod podge looks like a translucent white on the wood. If it's clear, add more. If it looks completely white, spread it around a little thinner.\\nIt's okay if you get glue on spots that the paper won't cover. The mod podge dries clear.\\nMod podge dries quickly, so don't wait long before you press the paper down.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Press the paper down against the wood.\", \"描述\": \"After applying the mod podge, take the paper and line it up with the wood. Then press it down in the position you want it on the wood. From there, run your palm across the paper to press it against the wood and work out air bubbles.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Roll the paper with a mod podge applicator.\", \"描述\": \"Mod podge makes an applicator that looks like a small roller. This flattens the paper down and works out any air and excess glue. Roll over the paper a few times until the surface is completely even.\\nIf any mod podge leaks out from the sides, wipe it up with a paper towel.\\nThese applicators are available from craft stores or online.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Let the mod podge dry for 15 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Leave the project in a safe place where it won't get knocked over. After 15 minutes, you can move the project to a new area or apply a layer of finish.\\nLeave the piece flat so the paper doesn't slip.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Apply 2 thin coats of mod podge over the paper if you want an extra shine.\", \"描述\": \"If you'd like, apply more mod podge over the paper for a shiny finish. Dip the brush back into the mod podge and paint a thin, clear layer on the paper. Wait 15 minutes and apply a second coat. Once the mod podge dries, the project is complete.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Bonding with Spray Adhesive\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a can of artist's spray adhesive.\", \"描述\": \"This adhesive is a type of clear spray glue. It comes in a can that looks similar to spray paint. Spray adhesive is available from hardware or arts stores.\\nThere are other types of spray adhesives as well, but make sure you get the artist's type. Foam or photo sprays will ruin paper.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lay the paper face down on a towel or sheet.\", \"描述\": \"This prevents the adhesive from making a mess when you spray the paper. Use an old towel that you don't mind getting messy.\\nMake sure the sheet is clean before putting the paper down. Otherwise you could ruin the paper.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Spray a thin coat of adhesive onto the paper.\", \"描述\": \"Shake the can well and hold it 6 inches (15 cm) from the paper. Then spray in even lines across the whole surface of the paper. Keep the can moving so the adhesive doesn't pool.\\nPassing over the paper once applies enough adhesive.\\nIf you see the adhesive pooling, you're spraying it on too thick. Try wiping a bit of it off with a paper towel so the paper doesn't wrinkle.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Let the paper sit for 1 minute.\", \"描述\": \"Pressing the paper down right away results in a weaker bond. Let the paper sit so the glue sets properly. This gives you a stronger hold.\\nIf you do plan on peeling the paper off at some point, then press it down right away.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Press the paper against the wood.\", \"描述\": \"After a minute passes, pick up the paper by the corners and press it down onto the wood.Smooth the paper out by pressing down with your palm and running it over the paper. Work out any air bubbles by pushing them towards the side.\\nSpray adhesive doesn't give you the strongest bond, so if you make a mistake, pull the paper up and put it back in the proper position.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Leave the paper for 1 hour to let the adhesive dry.\", \"描述\": \"Spray adhesive generally dries quickly, but allow an hour to make sure it's completely dry. Leave the wood flat so the paper doesn't slide off. Then after an hour, move the piece wherever you want it.\\nIf you change your mind and don't want to leave the paper on the wood, use mineral spirits to dissolve the adhesive.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying Tacky Glue\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seal the wood\", \"描述\": \"Wood sealant smooths out the wood surface and prevents air bubbles from forming under the paper. Start by sanding the wood until the surface is smooth. Then paint it with a polyurethane wood sealant and let it dry. This will give you a cleaner finish when you glue the paper down.\\nThis step is optional, but it will give you better results.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pour a thick line of tacky glue onto the wood.\", \"描述\": \"Tacky glue is an extra thick type of glue that is perfect for adhering paper to wood. It's sometimes called PVA glue. This type is the best choice because other watery glues will make the paper bubble up. Take a container of glue and squeeze it onto the wood in lines. Don’t try to cover the whole wood surface yet, because you’ll spread the glue around next.\\nTacky glue is available online or at craft stores. It comes in clear and white varieties. Both dry clear, so either works for this project.\\nWood glue is a good alternative to tacky glue, but it may make the paper wrinkle more than tacky glue will.\\nWhite glue that children use in school is similar to tacky glue, but it’s more watered down and could cause the paper to bubble up, so it's not a good choice.\\nOther popular glues like hot glue or super glue are not good choices. They'll wrinkle the paper.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Spread the glue in an even layer with a foam brush.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve applied the glue, take a foam brush and spread it around. Cover the entire surface that you're attaching the paper to in an even layer of glue. Make sure you spread the glue all the way to the edge of the wood so the paper doesn’t start lifting. Add more glue as you need it.\\nThe glue should be a translucent white when it’s spread out. If it looks completely clear, the layer is too thin. Add some more glue.\\nA regular paint brush won’t spread the glue as evenly, so only use a foam brush.\\nThis glue dries quickly, so don’t wait long before pressing the paper down.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Press the paper against one edge of the wood and smooth it out.\", \"描述\": \"Once the glue is applied, take the paper and line it up with the wood. Then press it down at an angle so only one edge of the paper and wood touch. From there, run your palm across the paper to press it against the wood. Apply pressure as you press to work out any air bubbles.\\nContinue smoothing the paper out until the surface is flat and even.\\nIf you see any bubbles trapped under the paper, press down on them with your palm and work them towards the edges.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Let the glue dry for 1 hour.\", \"描述\": \"Once the paper is in place, give the glue time to dry. Tacky glue dries quickly, often within a few minutes, so 1 hour is enough for the glue to dry. Set the piece in a safe place and come back in 1 hour to complete the job.\\nTo ensure an even smoother finish, place something flat and heavy on top of the paper. Another piece of wood with some books on it would work.\\nMake sure any wood you place on the paper is clean so you don’t ruin the piece you just made.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sand the edges of the paper if it overshoots the wood.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes the paper still doesn’t line up perfectly even though you traced the wood. In this case, use a fine-grit sanding block and sand down the paper edges. After a light sanding, the paper and wood will line up perfectly.\\nIf you don’t have a sanding block or sandpaper, a fine nail file will work as well.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure that all the equipment you work with is clean and dry. You could end up staining your piece if you use something that isn't clean.\\n\", \"Tacky glue washes off easily with just soap and water.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,295 | How to Adhere Plastic to Wood | 1. Using Super Glue
1-1. Buy a tube of high-strength super glue.
Super glue typically comes in small tubes, so it will work best for small projects and repairs. For a hold that will last, invest in a heavy-duty adhesive like Loctite or Gorilla Glue rather than a bargain glue. One of these products will give you more lasting results than ordinary types of glue.
If you’re working on something that requires a lot of assembling, stock up on multiple tubes. It never hurts to have a little extra super glue on hand.
Some types of porous wood may absorb regular super glue before it bonds with the plastic. If you're working with a porous wood, look for a gel-based super glue.
1-2. Sand the plastic surface lightly.
Go over the broadest area of the plastic piece with a square of high-grit sandpaper before you get gluing. Sanding the plastic will make it more porous and increase its overall surface area, allowing it to bond to the wood more easily.
Use only a few smooth, delicate strokes to avoid roughing up the plastic too much.
If there's a chance you might damage the piece you're sanding, it may be better to skip this step.
1-3. Clean the wooden piece with a damp cloth.
A quick wipedown will remove dust and dirt that might interfere with the hold. Allow the wood to air dry, the wipe it down lightly with rubbing alcohol. This removes excess dust and oils, and helps pull out any remaining moisture.
To avoid oversaturating the wood, wring the excess water out of the cloth after wetting it.
Applying the glue while the wood is still damp may weaken its ability to hold.
1-4. Add the glue to both surfaces.
Squeeze the tube slowly to control the flow of the glue. Super glues are designed to be extra grippy, so only use as much as needed—a little bit goes a long way. Depending on the size and shape of the surface you’re gluing, it may be better to use stripes, dots or even swirls.
For small or irregularly shaped objects, try applying the glue with a toothpick.
1-5. Press the surfaces together.
Guide the smaller piece into place on the larger piece. Once you’ve put them together, keep constant pressure on them until the glue has dried enough to hold securely. Find a flat, stable surface to set the pieces as they finish drying.
Practice a couple dry runs beforehand to make sure you fit both pieces together precisely.
1-6. Give the glue time to set.
Most super glues will begin drying within seconds, but it may take as long as two hours for them to harden completely. During this time, avoid handling the glued objects as much as possible.
Keep the objects somewhere cool and dry while they dry. Moisture can interfere with the glue’s ability to set up properly.
Use acetone to dissolve super glue after it’s dried.
2. Using Hot Glue
2-1. Plug in and turn on the glue gun.
Use the outlet closest to your work area so you can work comfortably. If your glue gun has a separate power switch, make sure it’s set to the “On” position. Give the glue gun a couple minutes to heat up before loading it.
Be careful when working with an active glue gun—only grip the handle and body of the gun, never the tip.
2-2. Load a glue stick into the backside of the gun.
Once inside, the heating elements will begin to melt the glue. This may take several minutes.
Choose high temperature glue sticks. These provide the strongest bond for plastics, and you won’t have to worry about the glue melting in warm weather or hot working conditions.
To check to see if you’re ready to begin gluing, squeeze the trigger lightly and look for melted glue strings to emerge.
Wipe off the tip of your glue gun with a thick rag before you start working with your wood. This keeps contaminants off your project and controls glue strings as you work.
2-3. Apply the glue to one or both surfaces.
Press the trigger on the gun to release the glue. Concentrate the glue on the broadest, flattest areas of the objects you’re joining. Use the gun’s tapered tip to direct the glue more precisely, and don’t use more than you have to.
Hot glue can burn if it come into contact with your skin. Work next to the sink or keep a cup of cold water nearby in case you happen to get any on you by accident.
2-4. Fit the objects together.
Move the smaller piece into position over the larger one, making sure they’re properly spaced and aligned. Hold the pieces together firmly for 30 seconds to a minute while the glue begins to set.
Test fit the pieces beforehand so you don’t make a mistake.
When working with hot glue, you’ll need to work quickly to get your pieces together before the adhesive begins to dry.
2-5. Let the glue dry overnight.
Hot glue dries fast, but it can take a while to fully set. For best results, leave your pieces to sit for at least 8-10 hours. By the time you check back in the morning, the glue should be for maximum hold.
A quick blast with a hair dryer can cause stray glue strings to vanish.
Should you need to separate the glued surfaces for any reason, a hair dryer on a high heat setting can also be used to melt the dried glue.
3. Using Epoxy
3-1. Purchase an epoxy applicator kit.
Epoxies are most commonly sold as a two-part system, which consist of a couple separate components: a resin and a hardener. These components have to be combined in order to be effective.
Though not as common, one-part epoxies are also available, and can be applied straight out of the package.
You can find basic epoxy kits at hardware stores, art supply shops and pharmacies, and in the home improvement aisle of most supercenters.
3-2. Mix the resin and hardener.
Squeeze a small glob of each component onto a smooth, disposable surface, like a paper plate. Swirl the two substances together using a toothpick, coffee stirrer or similar utensil. Once combined, they’ll form one super-strong adhesive.
Pull on a pair of gloves before you get to work.
3-3. Apply the epoxy.
Spread a thin layer of adhesive onto the surfaces you need to glue. You can do this with the same toothpick or coffee stirrer you used to mix it, though you may have better results using something like a cotton swab that offers you more control over where it ends up.
Brush an even coating over the entire surface, being careful not to leave any large gaps uncovered.
For a superior hold, apply a small amount of epoxy to both pieces rather than globbing it all onto one.
3-4. Position the pieces as needed.
Take your time configuring your work surfaces. Epoxy dries fairly slowly compared to other types of adhesives, so you won’t need to rush to get everything in place.
Clamping the pieces together or resting a heavy object on top can help the epoxy form a more solid bond.
3-5. Leave the epoxy to harden overnight.
Find an out of the way place to let the adhesive set up. It should dry to the touch within about 5 minutes, but it may take as long as 20 hours for it to cure completely. Try not to touch either piece too much in the meantime, if you can help it.
Epoxies solidify as they dry, which makes for a longer-lasting connection, even in wet conditions.
The drying time of a particular brand of epoxy will usually be listed on the packaging.
4. Using Contact Cement
4-1. Use the proper safety gear.
Always wear gloves and eye protection when working with contact cement. It might even be a good idea to don a respirator if you have sensitive airways. Since it contains potent chemicals, you'll want to limit direct exposure to the adhesive as much as possible.
Short-sleeved or snug-fitting clothing is a must. You don't want to accidentally drag a sleeve through industry-grade adhesive!
Contact cement is most often used in construction and industrial projects. Due to its involved application process, it isn’t the best choice for arts and crafts or minor repair jobs. Instead, it's useful for activities like applying Formica to countertops.
4-2. Work in a well-ventilated space.
Contact cement emits flammable fumes which may be unsafe to breathe. Set up your materials outside, if possible. If you’re confined to an indoor workshop, open a door or crack a couple of windows and keep a fan running to allow the fumes to escape.
If your project is taking a while, take frequent breaks to limit your exposure to fumes.
4-3. Roll or brush the contact cement onto both pieces.
Spread a thin coat across the entire surface, being cautious evenly cover the edges, but not to let the cement overlap them. Contact cement only sticks to itself, so it will be necessary to apply it to both pieces. When the adhesive is sticky to the touch but doesn't rub off on your fingers, it will be ready for joining.
Use the smallest amount of adhesive possible.
Before you start brushing on the contact cement, clean both surfaces thoroughly. Contaminants on your project surface can affect your bond and create an uneven surface.
4-4. Use spacers to help align your materials.
Arrange a series of dowels or scrap wood across the bottom piece and set the other piece on top. This will allow you to make minute adjustments. Once you’ve got the pieces where you want them, slide the spacers out one by one.
Spacers will come in handy when joining pieces with precise edges, such as countertops or laminate and substrate.
The cement won’t bond to the spacers because they don’t have any adhesive on them.
4-5. Apply direct pressure to the joined pieces.
Go over the top piece with a roller, or tap it lightly all over with a rubber mallet or similar object. This will complete the bonding process and help form a stronger connection—no extended drying time required.
If you don’t have any other tools on hand, you can use a piece of lumber wrapped in a towel to flatten the top piece and work out bubbles and other inconsistencies.
4-6. Correct mistakes with a clothes iron.
The heat of the iron will reactivate the cement, making it pliable again. Run the iron over the area that needs fixing for a few seconds until the pieces begin to lose their hold. Then, adjust them carefully by hand and leave them to dry.
Keep the iron on a low-medium setting to avoid damaging either surface.
Clean up accidental drips, streaks, and smudges using lacquer thinner.
Tips
Not all adhesives are made equal. Consider your choices carefully and always select a product that suits the needs of your project.
Use hardening epoxies to fill in gaps and repair chipped and broken items.
Store your adhesives in a cool, dry place to ensure that they’ll last for many more uses.
Warnings
Chemical adhesives may be toxic if ingested.
If you happen to get adhesive on or around your eyes, nose or mouth, flush the orifice with cool water, then contact your local Poison Control center for treatment.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Super Glue\\n1-1. Buy a tube of high-strength super glue.\\nSuper glue typically comes in small tubes, so it will work best for small projects and repairs. For a hold that will last, invest in a heavy-duty adhesive like Loctite or Gorilla Glue rather than a bargain glue. One of these products will give you more lasting results than ordinary types of glue.\\nIf you’re working on something that requires a lot of assembling, stock up on multiple tubes. It never hurts to have a little extra super glue on hand.\\nSome types of porous wood may absorb regular super glue before it bonds with the plastic. If you're working with a porous wood, look for a gel-based super glue.\\n1-2. Sand the plastic surface lightly.\\nGo over the broadest area of the plastic piece with a square of high-grit sandpaper before you get gluing. Sanding the plastic will make it more porous and increase its overall surface area, allowing it to bond to the wood more easily.\\nUse only a few smooth, delicate strokes to avoid roughing up the plastic too much.\\nIf there's a chance you might damage the piece you're sanding, it may be better to skip this step.\\n1-3. Clean the wooden piece with a damp cloth.\\nA quick wipedown will remove dust and dirt that might interfere with the hold. Allow the wood to air dry, the wipe it down lightly with rubbing alcohol. This removes excess dust and oils, and helps pull out any remaining moisture.\\nTo avoid oversaturating the wood, wring the excess water out of the cloth after wetting it.\\nApplying the glue while the wood is still damp may weaken its ability to hold.\\n1-4. Add the glue to both surfaces.\\nSqueeze the tube slowly to control the flow of the glue. Super glues are designed to be extra grippy, so only use as much as needed—a little bit goes a long way. Depending on the size and shape of the surface you’re gluing, it may be better to use stripes, dots or even swirls.\\nFor small or irregularly shaped objects, try applying the glue with a toothpick.\\n1-5. Press the surfaces together.\\nGuide the smaller piece into place on the larger piece. Once you’ve put them together, keep constant pressure on them until the glue has dried enough to hold securely. Find a flat, stable surface to set the pieces as they finish drying.\\nPractice a couple dry runs beforehand to make sure you fit both pieces together precisely.\\n1-6. Give the glue time to set.\\nMost super glues will begin drying within seconds, but it may take as long as two hours for them to harden completely. During this time, avoid handling the glued objects as much as possible.\\nKeep the objects somewhere cool and dry while they dry. Moisture can interfere with the glue’s ability to set up properly.\\nUse acetone to dissolve super glue after it’s dried.\\n2. Using Hot Glue\\n2-1. Plug in and turn on the glue gun.\\nUse the outlet closest to your work area so you can work comfortably. If your glue gun has a separate power switch, make sure it’s set to the “On” position. Give the glue gun a couple minutes to heat up before loading it.\\nBe careful when working with an active glue gun—only grip the handle and body of the gun, never the tip.\\n2-2. Load a glue stick into the backside of the gun.\\nOnce inside, the heating elements will begin to melt the glue. This may take several minutes.\\nChoose high temperature glue sticks. These provide the strongest bond for plastics, and you won’t have to worry about the glue melting in warm weather or hot working conditions.\\nTo check to see if you’re ready to begin gluing, squeeze the trigger lightly and look for melted glue strings to emerge.\\nWipe off the tip of your glue gun with a thick rag before you start working with your wood. This keeps contaminants off your project and controls glue strings as you work.\\n2-3. Apply the glue to one or both surfaces.\\nPress the trigger on the gun to release the glue. Concentrate the glue on the broadest, flattest areas of the objects you’re joining. Use the gun’s tapered tip to direct the glue more precisely, and don’t use more than you have to.\\nHot glue can burn if it come into contact with your skin. Work next to the sink or keep a cup of cold water nearby in case you happen to get any on you by accident.\\n2-4. Fit the objects together.\\nMove the smaller piece into position over the larger one, making sure they’re properly spaced and aligned. Hold the pieces together firmly for 30 seconds to a minute while the glue begins to set.\\nTest fit the pieces beforehand so you don’t make a mistake.\\nWhen working with hot glue, you’ll need to work quickly to get your pieces together before the adhesive begins to dry.\\n2-5. Let the glue dry overnight.\\nHot glue dries fast, but it can take a while to fully set. For best results, leave your pieces to sit for at least 8-10 hours. By the time you check back in the morning, the glue should be for maximum hold.\\nA quick blast with a hair dryer can cause stray glue strings to vanish.\\nShould you need to separate the glued surfaces for any reason, a hair dryer on a high heat setting can also be used to melt the dried glue.\\n3. Using Epoxy\\n3-1. Purchase an epoxy applicator kit.\\nEpoxies are most commonly sold as a two-part system, which consist of a couple separate components: a resin and a hardener. These components have to be combined in order to be effective.\\nThough not as common, one-part epoxies are also available, and can be applied straight out of the package.\\nYou can find basic epoxy kits at hardware stores, art supply shops and pharmacies, and in the home improvement aisle of most supercenters.\\n3-2. Mix the resin and hardener.\\nSqueeze a small glob of each component onto a smooth, disposable surface, like a paper plate. Swirl the two substances together using a toothpick, coffee stirrer or similar utensil. Once combined, they’ll form one super-strong adhesive.\\nPull on a pair of gloves before you get to work.\\n3-3. Apply the epoxy.\\nSpread a thin layer of adhesive onto the surfaces you need to glue. You can do this with the same toothpick or coffee stirrer you used to mix it, though you may have better results using something like a cotton swab that offers you more control over where it ends up.\\nBrush an even coating over the entire surface, being careful not to leave any large gaps uncovered.\\nFor a superior hold, apply a small amount of epoxy to both pieces rather than globbing it all onto one.\\n3-4. Position the pieces as needed.\\nTake your time configuring your work surfaces. Epoxy dries fairly slowly compared to other types of adhesives, so you won’t need to rush to get everything in place.\\nClamping the pieces together or resting a heavy object on top can help the epoxy form a more solid bond.\\n3-5. Leave the epoxy to harden overnight.\\nFind an out of the way place to let the adhesive set up. It should dry to the touch within about 5 minutes, but it may take as long as 20 hours for it to cure completely. Try not to touch either piece too much in the meantime, if you can help it.\\nEpoxies solidify as they dry, which makes for a longer-lasting connection, even in wet conditions.\\nThe drying time of a particular brand of epoxy will usually be listed on the packaging.\\n4. Using Contact Cement\\n4-1. Use the proper safety gear.\\nAlways wear gloves and eye protection when working with contact cement. It might even be a good idea to don a respirator if you have sensitive airways. Since it contains potent chemicals, you'll want to limit direct exposure to the adhesive as much as possible.\\nShort-sleeved or snug-fitting clothing is a must. You don't want to accidentally drag a sleeve through industry-grade adhesive!\\nContact cement is most often used in construction and industrial projects. Due to its involved application process, it isn’t the best choice for arts and crafts or minor repair jobs. Instead, it's useful for activities like applying Formica to countertops.\\n4-2. Work in a well-ventilated space.\\nContact cement emits flammable fumes which may be unsafe to breathe. Set up your materials outside, if possible. If you’re confined to an indoor workshop, open a door or crack a couple of windows and keep a fan running to allow the fumes to escape.\\nIf your project is taking a while, take frequent breaks to limit your exposure to fumes.\\n4-3. Roll or brush the contact cement onto both pieces.\\nSpread a thin coat across the entire surface, being cautious evenly cover the edges, but not to let the cement overlap them. Contact cement only sticks to itself, so it will be necessary to apply it to both pieces. When the adhesive is sticky to the touch but doesn't rub off on your fingers, it will be ready for joining.\\nUse the smallest amount of adhesive possible.\\nBefore you start brushing on the contact cement, clean both surfaces thoroughly. Contaminants on your project surface can affect your bond and create an uneven surface.\\n4-4. Use spacers to help align your materials.\\nArrange a series of dowels or scrap wood across the bottom piece and set the other piece on top. This will allow you to make minute adjustments. Once you’ve got the pieces where you want them, slide the spacers out one by one.\\nSpacers will come in handy when joining pieces with precise edges, such as countertops or laminate and substrate.\\nThe cement won’t bond to the spacers because they don’t have any adhesive on them.\\n4-5. Apply direct pressure to the joined pieces.\\nGo over the top piece with a roller, or tap it lightly all over with a rubber mallet or similar object. This will complete the bonding process and help form a stronger connection—no extended drying time required.\\nIf you don’t have any other tools on hand, you can use a piece of lumber wrapped in a towel to flatten the top piece and work out bubbles and other inconsistencies.\\n4-6. Correct mistakes with a clothes iron.\\nThe heat of the iron will reactivate the cement, making it pliable again. Run the iron over the area that needs fixing for a few seconds until the pieces begin to lose their hold. Then, adjust them carefully by hand and leave them to dry.\\nKeep the iron on a low-medium setting to avoid damaging either surface.\\nClean up accidental drips, streaks, and smudges using lacquer thinner.\\nTips\\nNot all adhesives are made equal. Consider your choices carefully and always select a product that suits the needs of your project.\\nUse hardening epoxies to fill in gaps and repair chipped and broken items.\\nStore your adhesives in a cool, dry place to ensure that they’ll last for many more uses.\\nWarnings\\nChemical adhesives may be toxic if ingested.\\nIf you happen to get adhesive on or around your eyes, nose or mouth, flush the orifice with cool water, then contact your local Poison Control center for treatment.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Gluing two different materials together can be tricky, especially if one of them is plastic. Since plastics don’t stick to other substances very easily, you'll need to use a glue that can form a sturdy bond with wooden surfaces. Fortunately, there are several different adhesives that will work for this purpose, and they’re all fairly common or easy to get ahold of. Depending on your needs, super glue, hot glue, epoxy, or contact cement all go on easy, hold fast, and require little expertise to apply.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Super Glue\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy a tube of high-strength super glue.\", \"描述\": \"Super glue typically comes in small tubes, so it will work best for small projects and repairs. For a hold that will last, invest in a heavy-duty adhesive like Loctite or Gorilla Glue rather than a bargain glue. One of these products will give you more lasting results than ordinary types of glue.\\nIf you’re working on something that requires a lot of assembling, stock up on multiple tubes. It never hurts to have a little extra super glue on hand.\\nSome types of porous wood may absorb regular super glue before it bonds with the plastic. If you're working with a porous wood, look for a gel-based super glue.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sand the plastic surface lightly.\", \"描述\": \"Go over the broadest area of the plastic piece with a square of high-grit sandpaper before you get gluing. Sanding the plastic will make it more porous and increase its overall surface area, allowing it to bond to the wood more easily.\\nUse only a few smooth, delicate strokes to avoid roughing up the plastic too much.\\nIf there's a chance you might damage the piece you're sanding, it may be better to skip this step.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Clean the wooden piece with a damp cloth.\", \"描述\": \"A quick wipedown will remove dust and dirt that might interfere with the hold. Allow the wood to air dry, the wipe it down lightly with rubbing alcohol. This removes excess dust and oils, and helps pull out any remaining moisture.\\nTo avoid oversaturating the wood, wring the excess water out of the cloth after wetting it.\\nApplying the glue while the wood is still damp may weaken its ability to hold.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add the glue to both surfaces.\", \"描述\": \"Squeeze the tube slowly to control the flow of the glue. Super glues are designed to be extra grippy, so only use as much as needed—a little bit goes a long way. Depending on the size and shape of the surface you’re gluing, it may be better to use stripes, dots or even swirls.\\nFor small or irregularly shaped objects, try applying the glue with a toothpick.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Press the surfaces together.\", \"描述\": \"Guide the smaller piece into place on the larger piece. Once you’ve put them together, keep constant pressure on them until the glue has dried enough to hold securely. Find a flat, stable surface to set the pieces as they finish drying.\\nPractice a couple dry runs beforehand to make sure you fit both pieces together precisely.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Give the glue time to set.\", \"描述\": \"Most super glues will begin drying within seconds, but it may take as long as two hours for them to harden completely. During this time, avoid handling the glued objects as much as possible.\\nKeep the objects somewhere cool and dry while they dry. Moisture can interfere with the glue’s ability to set up properly.\\nUse acetone to dissolve super glue after it’s dried.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Hot Glue\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Plug in and turn on the glue gun.\", \"描述\": \"Use the outlet closest to your work area so you can work comfortably. If your glue gun has a separate power switch, make sure it’s set to the “On” position. Give the glue gun a couple minutes to heat up before loading it.\\nBe careful when working with an active glue gun—only grip the handle and body of the gun, never the tip.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Load a glue stick into the backside of the gun.\", \"描述\": \"Once inside, the heating elements will begin to melt the glue. This may take several minutes.\\nChoose high temperature glue sticks. These provide the strongest bond for plastics, and you won’t have to worry about the glue melting in warm weather or hot working conditions.\\nTo check to see if you’re ready to begin gluing, squeeze the trigger lightly and look for melted glue strings to emerge.\\nWipe off the tip of your glue gun with a thick rag before you start working with your wood. This keeps contaminants off your project and controls glue strings as you work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply the glue to one or both surfaces.\", \"描述\": \"Press the trigger on the gun to release the glue. Concentrate the glue on the broadest, flattest areas of the objects you’re joining. Use the gun’s tapered tip to direct the glue more precisely, and don’t use more than you have to.\\nHot glue can burn if it come into contact with your skin. Work next to the sink or keep a cup of cold water nearby in case you happen to get any on you by accident.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fit the objects together.\", \"描述\": \"Move the smaller piece into position over the larger one, making sure they’re properly spaced and aligned. Hold the pieces together firmly for 30 seconds to a minute while the glue begins to set.\\nTest fit the pieces beforehand so you don’t make a mistake.\\nWhen working with hot glue, you’ll need to work quickly to get your pieces together before the adhesive begins to dry.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Let the glue dry overnight.\", \"描述\": \"Hot glue dries fast, but it can take a while to fully set. For best results, leave your pieces to sit for at least 8-10 hours. By the time you check back in the morning, the glue should be for maximum hold.\\nA quick blast with a hair dryer can cause stray glue strings to vanish.\\nShould you need to separate the glued surfaces for any reason, a hair dryer on a high heat setting can also be used to melt the dried glue.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Epoxy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Purchase an epoxy applicator kit.\", \"描述\": \"Epoxies are most commonly sold as a two-part system, which consist of a couple separate components: a resin and a hardener. These components have to be combined in order to be effective.\\nThough not as common, one-part epoxies are also available, and can be applied straight out of the package.\\nYou can find basic epoxy kits at hardware stores, art supply shops and pharmacies, and in the home improvement aisle of most supercenters.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mix the resin and hardener.\", \"描述\": \"Squeeze a small glob of each component onto a smooth, disposable surface, like a paper plate. Swirl the two substances together using a toothpick, coffee stirrer or similar utensil. Once combined, they’ll form one super-strong adhesive.\\nPull on a pair of gloves before you get to work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply the epoxy.\", \"描述\": \"Spread a thin layer of adhesive onto the surfaces you need to glue. You can do this with the same toothpick or coffee stirrer you used to mix it, though you may have better results using something like a cotton swab that offers you more control over where it ends up.\\nBrush an even coating over the entire surface, being careful not to leave any large gaps uncovered.\\nFor a superior hold, apply a small amount of epoxy to both pieces rather than globbing it all onto one.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Position the pieces as needed.\", \"描述\": \"Take your time configuring your work surfaces. Epoxy dries fairly slowly compared to other types of adhesives, so you won’t need to rush to get everything in place.\\nClamping the pieces together or resting a heavy object on top can help the epoxy form a more solid bond.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Leave the epoxy to harden overnight.\", \"描述\": \"Find an out of the way place to let the adhesive set up. It should dry to the touch within about 5 minutes, but it may take as long as 20 hours for it to cure completely. Try not to touch either piece too much in the meantime, if you can help it.\\nEpoxies solidify as they dry, which makes for a longer-lasting connection, even in wet conditions.\\nThe drying time of a particular brand of epoxy will usually be listed on the packaging.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Using Contact Cement\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the proper safety gear.\", \"描述\": \"Always wear gloves and eye protection when working with contact cement. It might even be a good idea to don a respirator if you have sensitive airways. Since it contains potent chemicals, you'll want to limit direct exposure to the adhesive as much as possible.\\nShort-sleeved or snug-fitting clothing is a must. You don't want to accidentally drag a sleeve through industry-grade adhesive!\\nContact cement is most often used in construction and industrial projects. Due to its involved application process, it isn’t the best choice for arts and crafts or minor repair jobs. Instead, it's useful for activities like applying Formica to countertops.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work in a well-ventilated space.\", \"描述\": \"Contact cement emits flammable fumes which may be unsafe to breathe. Set up your materials outside, if possible. If you’re confined to an indoor workshop, open a door or crack a couple of windows and keep a fan running to allow the fumes to escape.\\nIf your project is taking a while, take frequent breaks to limit your exposure to fumes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Roll or brush the contact cement onto both pieces.\", \"描述\": \"Spread a thin coat across the entire surface, being cautious evenly cover the edges, but not to let the cement overlap them. Contact cement only sticks to itself, so it will be necessary to apply it to both pieces. When the adhesive is sticky to the touch but doesn't rub off on your fingers, it will be ready for joining.\\nUse the smallest amount of adhesive possible.\\nBefore you start brushing on the contact cement, clean both surfaces thoroughly. Contaminants on your project surface can affect your bond and create an uneven surface.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use spacers to help align your materials.\", \"描述\": \"Arrange a series of dowels or scrap wood across the bottom piece and set the other piece on top. This will allow you to make minute adjustments. Once you’ve got the pieces where you want them, slide the spacers out one by one.\\nSpacers will come in handy when joining pieces with precise edges, such as countertops or laminate and substrate.\\nThe cement won’t bond to the spacers because they don’t have any adhesive on them.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply direct pressure to the joined pieces.\", \"描述\": \"Go over the top piece with a roller, or tap it lightly all over with a rubber mallet or similar object. This will complete the bonding process and help form a stronger connection—no extended drying time required.\\nIf you don’t have any other tools on hand, you can use a piece of lumber wrapped in a towel to flatten the top piece and work out bubbles and other inconsistencies.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Correct mistakes with a clothes iron.\", \"描述\": \"The heat of the iron will reactivate the cement, making it pliable again. Run the iron over the area that needs fixing for a few seconds until the pieces begin to lose their hold. Then, adjust them carefully by hand and leave them to dry.\\nKeep the iron on a low-medium setting to avoid damaging either surface.\\nClean up accidental drips, streaks, and smudges using lacquer thinner.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Not all adhesives are made equal. Consider your choices carefully and always select a product that suits the needs of your project.\\n\", \"Use hardening epoxies to fill in gaps and repair chipped and broken items.\\n\", \"Store your adhesives in a cool, dry place to ensure that they’ll last for many more uses.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Chemical adhesives may be toxic if ingested.\\n\", \"If you happen to get adhesive on or around your eyes, nose or mouth, flush the orifice with cool water, then contact your local Poison Control center for treatment.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,296 | How to Adjust | 1. Adjusting to a Move
1-1. Allow yourself to feel upset.
You won't be doing yourself any favors by trying to avoid the feelings moving is going to bring up. You're probably excited, anxious, stressed out, sad to leave your old life behind. All of these are natural and okay!
Take a time-out when everything gets to be too much. This can be something as simple as 15 minutes in a quiet room in a coffee shop, or sitting on a park bench.
When you're reminded of your old life don't push those feelings away. Take the time to sit with them even if it means crying. Working through your emotions will allow you to have a better time in your new place of residence.
1-2. Release your expectations.
You have ideas about what you want your new life to be like. Chances are that isn't how your new life is going be. That doesn't mean that your new life is bad or wrong. You'll have to let go of your expectations and let it be what it's going to be.
Be present. Instead of planning how you're going to make the future better, or remembering how good the past was, revel in each moment you're experiencing in your new place. Soon this will all be so familiar you won't even notice it. Enjoy the fact that you're seeing new things and new places.
This new place and life is going to be different from the old one. You can't recreate what you had. When you find yourself comparing the new place to the old one stop! Remind yourself that things are different and different doesn't necessarily mean bad. Give the new place a chance to be good for you.
Remember you probably won't fit in immediately. It will take time to find people who could be your friends. It will take time to learn the new area, to learn the new customs. It will take time to find your new favorite bakery, your new bookstore, your new gym.
1-3. Get to know your new place.
One part of adjusting to a new place is actually getting to know it. If you stay holed up in your house or apartment thinking about the past you aren't going to make new friends and find new ways of being. Get out there!
Join an organization that you enjoy. This could be anything from a library book club, to volunteering for a group you support. Religious organizations are great places to find a new community if you are religious. Otherwise political organizations, or artistic groups (like singing groups, knitting circles, quilting circles, scrapbookers, etc.) are good bets.
Go out with your colleagues. If you've moved to a new place because of a new job, ask your colleagues where the best going-out places are, and invite them to go out with you. Even if you don't build lasting friendships you never know who you'll meet or be introduced to.
Talk to people. Make small talk with the check-out person at the grocery store, that person waiting at the bus stop with you, the librarian behind the counter, the barista at the coffee shop. You'll get to know a bit about the place you live in and you'll start meeting people and getting comfortable with your surroundings.
1-4. Be prepared for culture shock.
Even if you're moving between cities it's going to be different. This is an even more true if you're moving to a new country, across your country, from the town to the city and vice versa. Places are simply different and you have to be prepared for that.
Try to match your pace to that of your new environment. For example, if you've just moved from a big city to a small town you'll find that the pace of life and what people are about are much different.
Sometimes it can even seem like the people in your new place speak a completely different language (even if it's the same as your own!). This can require learning a new lingo, new abbreviations, and new little quirks of language. Be prepared to make mistakes and ask for clarification.
1-5. Maintain contact with your old life.
Just because you have a new life that you're learning to live doesn't mean you should completely cut off the old one. At first it might cause feelings of sadness, nostalgia, and regret, but connections to your old life can also help bolster you in the new times.
Use technology to keep in touch. You live in an era when it is so much easier to maintain contact with people in far away places. Text, use social media, Skype, etc. to keep up with your old friends and family.
Getting a nice message from a friend can help alleviate feelings of loneliness you will inevitably experience in a new place.
Don't let your old life overwhelm your new one, however. If you spend all your time looking backwards, talking only with old friends and family, you're going to miss out on your new life and the new friends you'll meet. This is why it is so important to reach out to people in your new place.
1-6. Get exercise.
Not only is this a good way to keep your health and your brain happy (with all those lovely endorphins), it is also a good way to get to know your town and to meet people.
Go for walks. Pick a new area to explore so that you start to get a feel for your new living area.
Join an exercise group. Find people who want to go for jogs in the morning, or join a yoga class. You'll start to get to know people.
1-7. Learn to be by yourself.
One key part of being okay with the move is learning to be alone. No matter how friendly you are, how many groups you join, and places you go, you're going to find yourself alone and lonely at times. This is okay! It won't last forever.
Don't be dependent on other people for validation and support.
1-8. Give yourself time.
It takes time to adjust to anything, and that includes moving. You will find yourself feeling stressed and nostalgic and lonely at different times. That's perfectly normal. There's a timeline of getting acclimatized to your new space which can help:
The very first phase of moving is usually called the honeymoon phase. It's when everything seems so new and exciting and different (also scary, sometimes). This typically lasts about three months.
Following the honeymoon stage is the negotiation stage, when you start to really see the differences between your new place and your old home. This is often when feelings of uncertainty, loneliness, and homesickness start to intrude. While this usually follows after the honeymoon phase, sometimes you start right into this one.
The next stage tends to be the adjustment phase, which happens after about six to twelve months in your new place. This is when you've developed your new routines and you're feeling a bit more at home.
Typically it takes until a year after the move to reach the mastery phase, when you feel more comfortable in your new home. Sometimes, however, it can take even longer. Remember, each person is different.
2. Adjusting to a Major Life Event
2-1. Take it one day or one moment at a time.
No matter what the major change is (illness, death of a family member, leaving a job or a marriage) you won't be able to deal with it if you try to take on too much. The more you're looking ahead the less you're focusing on the here and now and the more it is going to hurt.
For example: if you've lost your job, or left it, avoid trying to deal with the big picture all at once. You'll end up overwhelmed and at sea. Instead take each moment as it comes. Use one moment to update your resume, use the next moment to look on the internet or in the classifieds or talk to people about getting a new job.
Living in your nostalgia for the past or your anxiety for the future is one of the signs of depression or anxiety disorders. You will want to make sure that if you're unable to stay in the present because of overwhelming anxiety or depression that you seek help. People who have had an intense life change, or already have one of these issues, can find themselves getting depressed or anxious, or having those issues get worse.
2-2. Care for yourself.
One thing that a lot of people tend to forget is to take care of themselves and make themselves feel safe. This needs to be a deeply intimate sort of caring that really allows you to relax and to just be wrapped in care, like being wrapped in a big, warm blanket.
You'll know what works best for you, but some suggestions are making yourself a cup of tea and focusing on drinking it (breathe in the steam, feel the warmth slide down your throat and pool in your belly), wrap yourself in a warm blankets or use a heating pad, do some yoga and focus only on your breathing and the movement of your body.
If you find negative or upsetting thoughts intruding on your moment, acknowledge them and let them go. Tell yourself that you'll deal with those thoughts later, but right now what you need to focus on is finding comfort for yourself.
2-3. Allow yourself to feel.
No matter what kind of change it is, it is going to be fraught with emotions. If you ignore these emotions and try to avoid them, they'll only return stronger and more painful later one. This doesn't mean you need to wallow in grief and anger, but it does mean that you need to allow yourself to be angry, to grieve.
You'll tend to cycle through emotions like denial, anger, sadness, and acceptance. Each time you deal with them will make them pass more quickly the next time
Don't turn to "painkillers": this can mean something like drugs or alcohol, but it can also mean watching t.v. excessively, over-eating not to enjoy food but because it helps numb some part of you, or even diving into a romantic relationship. These "painkillers" help you to numb out instead of dealing with your feelings.
2-4. Take time to reflect on the change.
Changes means different things to different people, even to the same person at different times in their life. Reflecting on your feelings, reflecting on what has changed and why can give you a handle on processing the emotional turbulence that comes with change.
Journaling is another great way to reflect on the change. Not only does it help you to get your feelings out, it also chronicles your journey through the change. When another change comes you can look back on how you handled the previous one and what you felt and how you sorted through things.
2-5. Find someone to talk to.
Talking things out with someone can not only be greatly comforting but it can also lead you to insights about the change and yourself that you might not otherwise have had.
Try to find someone who has already been through what you're going through. This person will be a sort of mentor to you, someone who can help you see that the way you're handling the change is normal, that your feelings are legitimate. They can also offer insight and help keep you on track for healing.
Support groups and religious organizations are great, especially for people dealing with illnesses, with the death of a loved one, and that sort of life change. This is a good place to find someone who has already undergone what you're going through and who can help guide you.
2-6. Dream for the future.
Although you don't want to obsess about the future or spend too much time worrying about it, you do want things to look forward to. This means deciding what you want your future to look like and working to create it.
Daydreams are a great tool to try out imaginary scenarios to see what it is you want to do. Let your mind roam free to see how you want to make the most of this major life change.
Collect ideas you like from the internet, or in magazines. You can look at potential housing ideas, job ideas and plan how you might incorporate these into your own life.
2-7. Make small improvements.
It's easiest to work in small steps. Taking on too much at once can completely overwhelm you. What you want to do as you're working to adjust is to make your life just a little better, just a little easier.
Small adjustments can be things like: eating better (especially if you're dealing with an illness), exercising to help raise the happy-making chemicals and to get you healthier, making better use of your time (making plans and following through with them; making sure you get more out of a day).
2-8. Incorporate relaxation techniques into your life.
Relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, even taking long walks, can help to reduce your stress and help you adjust more easily to the changes you'll deal with in life.
Meditation is a good relaxation technique to choose because it helps to calm your mind, lower your stress, and it can be done basically anywhere. If you're just starting out it's a good idea to pick a quiet spot, set a timer for 15 minutes (or you can count breaths if you don't want to deal with the clock), and sit comfortably. Breathe deeply. Focus on your breath, in and out. If you find that you're being distracted by your thoughts, acknowledge them, and return your focus to your breathing.
Yoga is another great relaxation technique. Not only does it incorporate meditation into its form (the focus on breathing), but it's a great way to get exercise, to move your body, and work out any kinks in your muscles or back.
2-9. Understand that there are and will always be changes.
Life is really about changes. It doesn't matter how prepared you are there will always be changes that take you by surprise. If you Try to rigidly hang out to your current life and way of doing things you will find it harder to adjust to change in the long run.
Again, this doesn't mean denying your feelings about changes, because change can be scary and overwhelming, but it does mean that you accept these feelings as part of the change.
3. Adjusting in a Relationship
3-1. Adjust to a new relationship.
The beginning to a relationship can be full of heady excitement. It's important to keep your head, however, if you want the relationship to go anywhere.
Move slowly. You don't want to jump right in to moving in together, to planning your future together when you've only just started seeing one another. If you find yourself giddily deciding on your children's names only a few months into the relationship, take a step back and remind yourself to stay in the moment instead of jumping ahead.
Avoid getting clingy. It's natural that you're going to want to spend all your time with this new lovely person, but it's not healthy. Don't constantly call and text and hang out with this other person. Not only will this keep the relationship charged, but you won't tire of one another so quickly.
Maintain your own lives. Keep up with your friends, your work, and your own habits. Of course you should do things together, but make time for doing things separately. That way you'll still have lots to talk about, and you won't be overwhelming one another with attention.
3-2. Deal with a change in a relationship.
It's inevitable that relationships change. There's nothing you can do about that, but you can cope with the change. This could be anything from your partner suddenly becoming messy, when they used to be neat, or your spouse deciding that they don't want children, even though they used to.
Address problems as soon as possible, especially if they are small ones that could become big ones later on. For example: if your partner has become messy and doesn't clean up after themselves, talk to them and use "I statements." Say "I feel like I end up cleaning up all the dishes, despite not having used any of them," or "It's really frustrating for me when I end up having to put all your clothes away."
One key part of adjusting to the change is by reaching compromise or accepting the difference. This might mean going with your partner's feelings on this issue, but your feelings on the next issue, or it might mean meeting somewhere in the middle.
Discuss how the change impacts your relationship and determine how important the issue is to your relationship. If you want children and your partner does not this could mean either you decide that it's okay if you don't have children, or it could mean that the relationship needs to end and the two of you part ways.
3-3. Maintain your relationship long distance.
This can be incredibly challenging for people, but it's easier now than it used to be. It can take time and effort to adjust to a long-distance relationship and you need to be prepared to invest time into it.
Communicate with one another. This is the biggest problem that arises in long-distance relationships. Make sure that you talk over the things that are important to you, the problems that come up in the relationship and in your life, and what matters to you.
Deal with doubts. You're going to feel fear about what the other person is up to, sometimes you're not going to trust them, sometimes you're going to doubt them. The best thing you can do, unless you've got evidence that something kinky is going on, is to talk about your frustration about the long distance, or complain to a friend about your doubts. This helps get them out in the open where they are less poisonous.
Spend time together. Make sure that you're making time for one another. Send each other funny postcards and letters along with talking on the phone and over the internet. Make specific dates and work towards getting to see one another in person.
3-4. Adjust to moving in with one another.
This can be a big change in a relationship and therefore needs to be treated with caution. You should feel comfortable pretty quickly, despite inevitable road bumps. Also keep in mind that you will change your mind about moving in, usually a couple days after you've done so, because the change is scary.
One key thing to being comfortable together is that you don't hide the un-sexy and necessary things like tampons and pads, or that pair of really atrocious underwear you have. Your significant other is going to find them anyway and the more you're open about those kinds of things the more comfortable you're both going to be.
Routines are going to change. That's simply something you're going to have to be prepared for. You're going to have to figure out things like who does which chores around the house, where both your things are going to go, and so on. It'll be a lot of negotiation and change.
Give one another space. Part of adjusting to moving in together is to give each other space to deal with the emotions and feelings that are going to arise from this change.
3-5. Deal with a breakup.
First off, you're going to need time to grieve the end of the relationship, even if you were the one to break it off. Break-ups are hard on both parties and take time to move on from. There are a few major things you should do if you're looking to adjust to your new single status:
Take space from the other person. This means deleting them on Facebook (or at least blocking their posts), deleting them out of your phone, staying away from their favorite haunts. The more you're talking to them, the more you're going to feel caught by them.
Find yourself. If you've been in a relationship, especially for a while, you start to lose your individual sense of identity and become part of a twosome. When the breakup happens it's time to figure out who you are without them. Do fun things, go out and try new things. This will keep your mind off them and will help you meet new people.
Be careful about rebound relationships. You really don't want to jump immediately from one relationship to another without taking time to fully process and grieve the end of the first relationship. Getting entangled with a new person right away is a surefire way to hurt both you and the new person.
Tips
One key aspect off all the different types of adjustment needed is that you take time to allow it to happen. Adjustment doesn't happen right away and you can't force it to. Allow yourself to get used to the new state of affairs at your own pace.
Warnings
You can't avoid change no matter how hard you try. It's better to be prepared to deal with changes as they come without trying to avoid them.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adjusting to a Move\\n1-1. Allow yourself to feel upset.\\nYou won't be doing yourself any favors by trying to avoid the feelings moving is going to bring up. You're probably excited, anxious, stressed out, sad to leave your old life behind. All of these are natural and okay!\\nTake a time-out when everything gets to be too much. This can be something as simple as 15 minutes in a quiet room in a coffee shop, or sitting on a park bench.\\nWhen you're reminded of your old life don't push those feelings away. Take the time to sit with them even if it means crying. Working through your emotions will allow you to have a better time in your new place of residence.\\n1-2. Release your expectations.\\nYou have ideas about what you want your new life to be like. Chances are that isn't how your new life is going be. That doesn't mean that your new life is bad or wrong. You'll have to let go of your expectations and let it be what it's going to be.\\nBe present. Instead of planning how you're going to make the future better, or remembering how good the past was, revel in each moment you're experiencing in your new place. Soon this will all be so familiar you won't even notice it. Enjoy the fact that you're seeing new things and new places.\\nThis new place and life is going to be different from the old one. You can't recreate what you had. When you find yourself comparing the new place to the old one stop! Remind yourself that things are different and different doesn't necessarily mean bad. Give the new place a chance to be good for you.\\nRemember you probably won't fit in immediately. It will take time to find people who could be your friends. It will take time to learn the new area, to learn the new customs. It will take time to find your new favorite bakery, your new bookstore, your new gym.\\n1-3. Get to know your new place.\\nOne part of adjusting to a new place is actually getting to know it. If you stay holed up in your house or apartment thinking about the past you aren't going to make new friends and find new ways of being. Get out there! \\nJoin an organization that you enjoy. This could be anything from a library book club, to volunteering for a group you support. Religious organizations are great places to find a new community if you are religious. Otherwise political organizations, or artistic groups (like singing groups, knitting circles, quilting circles, scrapbookers, etc.) are good bets.\\nGo out with your colleagues. If you've moved to a new place because of a new job, ask your colleagues where the best going-out places are, and invite them to go out with you. Even if you don't build lasting friendships you never know who you'll meet or be introduced to.\\nTalk to people. Make small talk with the check-out person at the grocery store, that person waiting at the bus stop with you, the librarian behind the counter, the barista at the coffee shop. You'll get to know a bit about the place you live in and you'll start meeting people and getting comfortable with your surroundings.\\n1-4. Be prepared for culture shock.\\nEven if you're moving between cities it's going to be different. This is an even more true if you're moving to a new country, across your country, from the town to the city and vice versa. Places are simply different and you have to be prepared for that. \\nTry to match your pace to that of your new environment. For example, if you've just moved from a big city to a small town you'll find that the pace of life and what people are about are much different.\\nSometimes it can even seem like the people in your new place speak a completely different language (even if it's the same as your own!). This can require learning a new lingo, new abbreviations, and new little quirks of language. Be prepared to make mistakes and ask for clarification.\\n1-5. Maintain contact with your old life.\\nJust because you have a new life that you're learning to live doesn't mean you should completely cut off the old one. At first it might cause feelings of sadness, nostalgia, and regret, but connections to your old life can also help bolster you in the new times. \\nUse technology to keep in touch. You live in an era when it is so much easier to maintain contact with people in far away places. Text, use social media, Skype, etc. to keep up with your old friends and family.\\nGetting a nice message from a friend can help alleviate feelings of loneliness you will inevitably experience in a new place.\\nDon't let your old life overwhelm your new one, however. If you spend all your time looking backwards, talking only with old friends and family, you're going to miss out on your new life and the new friends you'll meet. This is why it is so important to reach out to people in your new place.\\n1-6. Get exercise.\\nNot only is this a good way to keep your health and your brain happy (with all those lovely endorphins), it is also a good way to get to know your town and to meet people.\\nGo for walks. Pick a new area to explore so that you start to get a feel for your new living area.\\nJoin an exercise group. Find people who want to go for jogs in the morning, or join a yoga class. You'll start to get to know people.\\n1-7. Learn to be by yourself.\\nOne key part of being okay with the move is learning to be alone. No matter how friendly you are, how many groups you join, and places you go, you're going to find yourself alone and lonely at times. This is okay! It won't last forever.\\nDon't be dependent on other people for validation and support.\\n1-8. Give yourself time.\\nIt takes time to adjust to anything, and that includes moving. You will find yourself feeling stressed and nostalgic and lonely at different times. That's perfectly normal. There's a timeline of getting acclimatized to your new space which can help: \\nThe very first phase of moving is usually called the honeymoon phase. It's when everything seems so new and exciting and different (also scary, sometimes). This typically lasts about three months.\\nFollowing the honeymoon stage is the negotiation stage, when you start to really see the differences between your new place and your old home. This is often when feelings of uncertainty, loneliness, and homesickness start to intrude. While this usually follows after the honeymoon phase, sometimes you start right into this one.\\nThe next stage tends to be the adjustment phase, which happens after about six to twelve months in your new place. This is when you've developed your new routines and you're feeling a bit more at home.\\nTypically it takes until a year after the move to reach the mastery phase, when you feel more comfortable in your new home. Sometimes, however, it can take even longer. Remember, each person is different.\\n2. Adjusting to a Major Life Event\\n2-1. Take it one day or one moment at a time.\\nNo matter what the major change is (illness, death of a family member, leaving a job or a marriage) you won't be able to deal with it if you try to take on too much. The more you're looking ahead the less you're focusing on the here and now and the more it is going to hurt.\\nFor example: if you've lost your job, or left it, avoid trying to deal with the big picture all at once. You'll end up overwhelmed and at sea. Instead take each moment as it comes. Use one moment to update your resume, use the next moment to look on the internet or in the classifieds or talk to people about getting a new job.\\nLiving in your nostalgia for the past or your anxiety for the future is one of the signs of depression or anxiety disorders. You will want to make sure that if you're unable to stay in the present because of overwhelming anxiety or depression that you seek help. People who have had an intense life change, or already have one of these issues, can find themselves getting depressed or anxious, or having those issues get worse.\\n2-2. Care for yourself.\\nOne thing that a lot of people tend to forget is to take care of themselves and make themselves feel safe. This needs to be a deeply intimate sort of caring that really allows you to relax and to just be wrapped in care, like being wrapped in a big, warm blanket.\\nYou'll know what works best for you, but some suggestions are making yourself a cup of tea and focusing on drinking it (breathe in the steam, feel the warmth slide down your throat and pool in your belly), wrap yourself in a warm blankets or use a heating pad, do some yoga and focus only on your breathing and the movement of your body.\\nIf you find negative or upsetting thoughts intruding on your moment, acknowledge them and let them go. Tell yourself that you'll deal with those thoughts later, but right now what you need to focus on is finding comfort for yourself.\\n2-3. Allow yourself to feel.\\nNo matter what kind of change it is, it is going to be fraught with emotions. If you ignore these emotions and try to avoid them, they'll only return stronger and more painful later one. This doesn't mean you need to wallow in grief and anger, but it does mean that you need to allow yourself to be angry, to grieve.\\nYou'll tend to cycle through emotions like denial, anger, sadness, and acceptance. Each time you deal with them will make them pass more quickly the next time\\nDon't turn to \\\"painkillers\\\": this can mean something like drugs or alcohol, but it can also mean watching t.v. excessively, over-eating not to enjoy food but because it helps numb some part of you, or even diving into a romantic relationship. These \\\"painkillers\\\" help you to numb out instead of dealing with your feelings.\\n2-4. Take time to reflect on the change.\\nChanges means different things to different people, even to the same person at different times in their life. Reflecting on your feelings, reflecting on what has changed and why can give you a handle on processing the emotional turbulence that comes with change. \\nJournaling is another great way to reflect on the change. Not only does it help you to get your feelings out, it also chronicles your journey through the change. When another change comes you can look back on how you handled the previous one and what you felt and how you sorted through things.\\n2-5. Find someone to talk to.\\nTalking things out with someone can not only be greatly comforting but it can also lead you to insights about the change and yourself that you might not otherwise have had.\\nTry to find someone who has already been through what you're going through. This person will be a sort of mentor to you, someone who can help you see that the way you're handling the change is normal, that your feelings are legitimate. They can also offer insight and help keep you on track for healing.\\nSupport groups and religious organizations are great, especially for people dealing with illnesses, with the death of a loved one, and that sort of life change. This is a good place to find someone who has already undergone what you're going through and who can help guide you.\\n2-6. Dream for the future.\\nAlthough you don't want to obsess about the future or spend too much time worrying about it, you do want things to look forward to. This means deciding what you want your future to look like and working to create it. \\nDaydreams are a great tool to try out imaginary scenarios to see what it is you want to do. Let your mind roam free to see how you want to make the most of this major life change.\\nCollect ideas you like from the internet, or in magazines. You can look at potential housing ideas, job ideas and plan how you might incorporate these into your own life.\\n2-7. Make small improvements.\\nIt's easiest to work in small steps. Taking on too much at once can completely overwhelm you. What you want to do as you're working to adjust is to make your life just a little better, just a little easier. \\nSmall adjustments can be things like: eating better (especially if you're dealing with an illness), exercising to help raise the happy-making chemicals and to get you healthier, making better use of your time (making plans and following through with them; making sure you get more out of a day).\\n2-8. Incorporate relaxation techniques into your life.\\nRelaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, even taking long walks, can help to reduce your stress and help you adjust more easily to the changes you'll deal with in life.\\nMeditation is a good relaxation technique to choose because it helps to calm your mind, lower your stress, and it can be done basically anywhere. If you're just starting out it's a good idea to pick a quiet spot, set a timer for 15 minutes (or you can count breaths if you don't want to deal with the clock), and sit comfortably. Breathe deeply. Focus on your breath, in and out. If you find that you're being distracted by your thoughts, acknowledge them, and return your focus to your breathing.\\nYoga is another great relaxation technique. Not only does it incorporate meditation into its form (the focus on breathing), but it's a great way to get exercise, to move your body, and work out any kinks in your muscles or back.\\n2-9. Understand that there are and will always be changes.\\nLife is really about changes. It doesn't matter how prepared you are there will always be changes that take you by surprise. If you Try to rigidly hang out to your current life and way of doing things you will find it harder to adjust to change in the long run. \\nAgain, this doesn't mean denying your feelings about changes, because change can be scary and overwhelming, but it does mean that you accept these feelings as part of the change.\\n3. Adjusting in a Relationship\\n3-1. Adjust to a new relationship.\\nThe beginning to a relationship can be full of heady excitement. It's important to keep your head, however, if you want the relationship to go anywhere. \\nMove slowly. You don't want to jump right in to moving in together, to planning your future together when you've only just started seeing one another. If you find yourself giddily deciding on your children's names only a few months into the relationship, take a step back and remind yourself to stay in the moment instead of jumping ahead.\\nAvoid getting clingy. It's natural that you're going to want to spend all your time with this new lovely person, but it's not healthy. Don't constantly call and text and hang out with this other person. Not only will this keep the relationship charged, but you won't tire of one another so quickly.\\nMaintain your own lives. Keep up with your friends, your work, and your own habits. Of course you should do things together, but make time for doing things separately. That way you'll still have lots to talk about, and you won't be overwhelming one another with attention.\\n3-2. Deal with a change in a relationship.\\nIt's inevitable that relationships change. There's nothing you can do about that, but you can cope with the change. This could be anything from your partner suddenly becoming messy, when they used to be neat, or your spouse deciding that they don't want children, even though they used to. \\nAddress problems as soon as possible, especially if they are small ones that could become big ones later on. For example: if your partner has become messy and doesn't clean up after themselves, talk to them and use \\\"I statements.\\\" Say \\\"I feel like I end up cleaning up all the dishes, despite not having used any of them,\\\" or \\\"It's really frustrating for me when I end up having to put all your clothes away.\\\"\\nOne key part of adjusting to the change is by reaching compromise or accepting the difference. This might mean going with your partner's feelings on this issue, but your feelings on the next issue, or it might mean meeting somewhere in the middle.\\nDiscuss how the change impacts your relationship and determine how important the issue is to your relationship. If you want children and your partner does not this could mean either you decide that it's okay if you don't have children, or it could mean that the relationship needs to end and the two of you part ways.\\n3-3. Maintain your relationship long distance.\\nThis can be incredibly challenging for people, but it's easier now than it used to be. It can take time and effort to adjust to a long-distance relationship and you need to be prepared to invest time into it. \\nCommunicate with one another. This is the biggest problem that arises in long-distance relationships. Make sure that you talk over the things that are important to you, the problems that come up in the relationship and in your life, and what matters to you.\\nDeal with doubts. You're going to feel fear about what the other person is up to, sometimes you're not going to trust them, sometimes you're going to doubt them. The best thing you can do, unless you've got evidence that something kinky is going on, is to talk about your frustration about the long distance, or complain to a friend about your doubts. This helps get them out in the open where they are less poisonous.\\nSpend time together. Make sure that you're making time for one another. Send each other funny postcards and letters along with talking on the phone and over the internet. Make specific dates and work towards getting to see one another in person.\\n3-4. Adjust to moving in with one another.\\nThis can be a big change in a relationship and therefore needs to be treated with caution. You should feel comfortable pretty quickly, despite inevitable road bumps. Also keep in mind that you will change your mind about moving in, usually a couple days after you've done so, because the change is scary.\\nOne key thing to being comfortable together is that you don't hide the un-sexy and necessary things like tampons and pads, or that pair of really atrocious underwear you have. Your significant other is going to find them anyway and the more you're open about those kinds of things the more comfortable you're both going to be.\\nRoutines are going to change. That's simply something you're going to have to be prepared for. You're going to have to figure out things like who does which chores around the house, where both your things are going to go, and so on. It'll be a lot of negotiation and change.\\nGive one another space. Part of adjusting to moving in together is to give each other space to deal with the emotions and feelings that are going to arise from this change.\\n3-5. Deal with a breakup.\\nFirst off, you're going to need time to grieve the end of the relationship, even if you were the one to break it off. Break-ups are hard on both parties and take time to move on from. There are a few major things you should do if you're looking to adjust to your new single status: \\nTake space from the other person. This means deleting them on Facebook (or at least blocking their posts), deleting them out of your phone, staying away from their favorite haunts. The more you're talking to them, the more you're going to feel caught by them.\\nFind yourself. If you've been in a relationship, especially for a while, you start to lose your individual sense of identity and become part of a twosome. When the breakup happens it's time to figure out who you are without them. Do fun things, go out and try new things. This will keep your mind off them and will help you meet new people.\\nBe careful about rebound relationships. You really don't want to jump immediately from one relationship to another without taking time to fully process and grieve the end of the first relationship. Getting entangled with a new person right away is a surefire way to hurt both you and the new person.\\nTips\\nOne key aspect off all the different types of adjustment needed is that you take time to allow it to happen. Adjustment doesn't happen right away and you can't force it to. Allow yourself to get used to the new state of affairs at your own pace.\\nWarnings\\nYou can't avoid change no matter how hard you try. It's better to be prepared to deal with changes as they come without trying to avoid them.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Change is part of everyone's life. It can mean anything from moving to a new place, having a major life event upset your life (like an illness or death), or dealing with a relationship. Learning to adjust to changes will help you feel more in charge and confident in your life.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adjusting to a Move\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Allow yourself to feel upset.\", \"描述\": \"You won't be doing yourself any favors by trying to avoid the feelings moving is going to bring up. You're probably excited, anxious, stressed out, sad to leave your old life behind. All of these are natural and okay!\\nTake a time-out when everything gets to be too much. This can be something as simple as 15 minutes in a quiet room in a coffee shop, or sitting on a park bench.\\nWhen you're reminded of your old life don't push those feelings away. Take the time to sit with them even if it means crying. Working through your emotions will allow you to have a better time in your new place of residence.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Release your expectations.\", \"描述\": \"You have ideas about what you want your new life to be like. Chances are that isn't how your new life is going be. That doesn't mean that your new life is bad or wrong. You'll have to let go of your expectations and let it be what it's going to be.\\nBe present. Instead of planning how you're going to make the future better, or remembering how good the past was, revel in each moment you're experiencing in your new place. Soon this will all be so familiar you won't even notice it. Enjoy the fact that you're seeing new things and new places.\\nThis new place and life is going to be different from the old one. You can't recreate what you had. When you find yourself comparing the new place to the old one stop! Remind yourself that things are different and different doesn't necessarily mean bad. Give the new place a chance to be good for you.\\nRemember you probably won't fit in immediately. It will take time to find people who could be your friends. It will take time to learn the new area, to learn the new customs. It will take time to find your new favorite bakery, your new bookstore, your new gym.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get to know your new place.\", \"描述\": \"One part of adjusting to a new place is actually getting to know it. If you stay holed up in your house or apartment thinking about the past you aren't going to make new friends and find new ways of being. Get out there! \\nJoin an organization that you enjoy. This could be anything from a library book club, to volunteering for a group you support. Religious organizations are great places to find a new community if you are religious. Otherwise political organizations, or artistic groups (like singing groups, knitting circles, quilting circles, scrapbookers, etc.) are good bets.\\nGo out with your colleagues. If you've moved to a new place because of a new job, ask your colleagues where the best going-out places are, and invite them to go out with you. Even if you don't build lasting friendships you never know who you'll meet or be introduced to.\\nTalk to people. Make small talk with the check-out person at the grocery store, that person waiting at the bus stop with you, the librarian behind the counter, the barista at the coffee shop. You'll get to know a bit about the place you live in and you'll start meeting people and getting comfortable with your surroundings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be prepared for culture shock.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you're moving between cities it's going to be different. This is an even more true if you're moving to a new country, across your country, from the town to the city and vice versa. Places are simply different and you have to be prepared for that. \\nTry to match your pace to that of your new environment. For example, if you've just moved from a big city to a small town you'll find that the pace of life and what people are about are much different.\\nSometimes it can even seem like the people in your new place speak a completely different language (even if it's the same as your own!). This can require learning a new lingo, new abbreviations, and new little quirks of language. Be prepared to make mistakes and ask for clarification.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Maintain contact with your old life.\", \"描述\": \"Just because you have a new life that you're learning to live doesn't mean you should completely cut off the old one. At first it might cause feelings of sadness, nostalgia, and regret, but connections to your old life can also help bolster you in the new times. \\nUse technology to keep in touch. You live in an era when it is so much easier to maintain contact with people in far away places. Text, use social media, Skype, etc. to keep up with your old friends and family.\\nGetting a nice message from a friend can help alleviate feelings of loneliness you will inevitably experience in a new place.\\nDon't let your old life overwhelm your new one, however. If you spend all your time looking backwards, talking only with old friends and family, you're going to miss out on your new life and the new friends you'll meet. This is why it is so important to reach out to people in your new place.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get exercise.\", \"描述\": \"Not only is this a good way to keep your health and your brain happy (with all those lovely endorphins), it is also a good way to get to know your town and to meet people.\\nGo for walks. Pick a new area to explore so that you start to get a feel for your new living area.\\nJoin an exercise group. Find people who want to go for jogs in the morning, or join a yoga class. You'll start to get to know people.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Learn to be by yourself.\", \"描述\": \"One key part of being okay with the move is learning to be alone. No matter how friendly you are, how many groups you join, and places you go, you're going to find yourself alone and lonely at times. This is okay! It won't last forever.\\nDon't be dependent on other people for validation and support.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Give yourself time.\", \"描述\": \"It takes time to adjust to anything, and that includes moving. You will find yourself feeling stressed and nostalgic and lonely at different times. That's perfectly normal. There's a timeline of getting acclimatized to your new space which can help: \\nThe very first phase of moving is usually called the honeymoon phase. It's when everything seems so new and exciting and different (also scary, sometimes). This typically lasts about three months.\\nFollowing the honeymoon stage is the negotiation stage, when you start to really see the differences between your new place and your old home. This is often when feelings of uncertainty, loneliness, and homesickness start to intrude. While this usually follows after the honeymoon phase, sometimes you start right into this one.\\nThe next stage tends to be the adjustment phase, which happens after about six to twelve months in your new place. This is when you've developed your new routines and you're feeling a bit more at home.\\nTypically it takes until a year after the move to reach the mastery phase, when you feel more comfortable in your new home. Sometimes, however, it can take even longer. Remember, each person is different.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adjusting to a Major Life Event\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take it one day or one moment at a time.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what the major change is (illness, death of a family member, leaving a job or a marriage) you won't be able to deal with it if you try to take on too much. The more you're looking ahead the less you're focusing on the here and now and the more it is going to hurt.\\nFor example: if you've lost your job, or left it, avoid trying to deal with the big picture all at once. You'll end up overwhelmed and at sea. Instead take each moment as it comes. Use one moment to update your resume, use the next moment to look on the internet or in the classifieds or talk to people about getting a new job.\\nLiving in your nostalgia for the past or your anxiety for the future is one of the signs of depression or anxiety disorders. You will want to make sure that if you're unable to stay in the present because of overwhelming anxiety or depression that you seek help. People who have had an intense life change, or already have one of these issues, can find themselves getting depressed or anxious, or having those issues get worse.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Care for yourself.\", \"描述\": \"One thing that a lot of people tend to forget is to take care of themselves and make themselves feel safe. This needs to be a deeply intimate sort of caring that really allows you to relax and to just be wrapped in care, like being wrapped in a big, warm blanket.\\nYou'll know what works best for you, but some suggestions are making yourself a cup of tea and focusing on drinking it (breathe in the steam, feel the warmth slide down your throat and pool in your belly), wrap yourself in a warm blankets or use a heating pad, do some yoga and focus only on your breathing and the movement of your body.\\nIf you find negative or upsetting thoughts intruding on your moment, acknowledge them and let them go. Tell yourself that you'll deal with those thoughts later, but right now what you need to focus on is finding comfort for yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Allow yourself to feel.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what kind of change it is, it is going to be fraught with emotions. If you ignore these emotions and try to avoid them, they'll only return stronger and more painful later one. This doesn't mean you need to wallow in grief and anger, but it does mean that you need to allow yourself to be angry, to grieve.\\nYou'll tend to cycle through emotions like denial, anger, sadness, and acceptance. Each time you deal with them will make them pass more quickly the next time\\nDon't turn to \\\"painkillers\\\": this can mean something like drugs or alcohol, but it can also mean watching t.v. excessively, over-eating not to enjoy food but because it helps numb some part of you, or even diving into a romantic relationship. These \\\"painkillers\\\" help you to numb out instead of dealing with your feelings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take time to reflect on the change.\", \"描述\": \"Changes means different things to different people, even to the same person at different times in their life. Reflecting on your feelings, reflecting on what has changed and why can give you a handle on processing the emotional turbulence that comes with change. \\nJournaling is another great way to reflect on the change. Not only does it help you to get your feelings out, it also chronicles your journey through the change. When another change comes you can look back on how you handled the previous one and what you felt and how you sorted through things.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find someone to talk to.\", \"描述\": \"Talking things out with someone can not only be greatly comforting but it can also lead you to insights about the change and yourself that you might not otherwise have had.\\nTry to find someone who has already been through what you're going through. This person will be a sort of mentor to you, someone who can help you see that the way you're handling the change is normal, that your feelings are legitimate. They can also offer insight and help keep you on track for healing.\\nSupport groups and religious organizations are great, especially for people dealing with illnesses, with the death of a loved one, and that sort of life change. This is a good place to find someone who has already undergone what you're going through and who can help guide you.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Dream for the future.\", \"描述\": \"Although you don't want to obsess about the future or spend too much time worrying about it, you do want things to look forward to. This means deciding what you want your future to look like and working to create it. \\nDaydreams are a great tool to try out imaginary scenarios to see what it is you want to do. Let your mind roam free to see how you want to make the most of this major life change.\\nCollect ideas you like from the internet, or in magazines. You can look at potential housing ideas, job ideas and plan how you might incorporate these into your own life.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Make small improvements.\", \"描述\": \"It's easiest to work in small steps. Taking on too much at once can completely overwhelm you. What you want to do as you're working to adjust is to make your life just a little better, just a little easier. \\nSmall adjustments can be things like: eating better (especially if you're dealing with an illness), exercising to help raise the happy-making chemicals and to get you healthier, making better use of your time (making plans and following through with them; making sure you get more out of a day).\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Incorporate relaxation techniques into your life.\", \"描述\": \"Relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, even taking long walks, can help to reduce your stress and help you adjust more easily to the changes you'll deal with in life.\\nMeditation is a good relaxation technique to choose because it helps to calm your mind, lower your stress, and it can be done basically anywhere. If you're just starting out it's a good idea to pick a quiet spot, set a timer for 15 minutes (or you can count breaths if you don't want to deal with the clock), and sit comfortably. Breathe deeply. Focus on your breath, in and out. If you find that you're being distracted by your thoughts, acknowledge them, and return your focus to your breathing.\\nYoga is another great relaxation technique. Not only does it incorporate meditation into its form (the focus on breathing), but it's a great way to get exercise, to move your body, and work out any kinks in your muscles or back.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Understand that there are and will always be changes.\", \"描述\": \"Life is really about changes. It doesn't matter how prepared you are there will always be changes that take you by surprise. If you Try to rigidly hang out to your current life and way of doing things you will find it harder to adjust to change in the long run. \\nAgain, this doesn't mean denying your feelings about changes, because change can be scary and overwhelming, but it does mean that you accept these feelings as part of the change.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjusting in a Relationship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adjust to a new relationship.\", \"描述\": \"The beginning to a relationship can be full of heady excitement. It's important to keep your head, however, if you want the relationship to go anywhere. \\nMove slowly. You don't want to jump right in to moving in together, to planning your future together when you've only just started seeing one another. If you find yourself giddily deciding on your children's names only a few months into the relationship, take a step back and remind yourself to stay in the moment instead of jumping ahead.\\nAvoid getting clingy. It's natural that you're going to want to spend all your time with this new lovely person, but it's not healthy. Don't constantly call and text and hang out with this other person. Not only will this keep the relationship charged, but you won't tire of one another so quickly.\\nMaintain your own lives. Keep up with your friends, your work, and your own habits. Of course you should do things together, but make time for doing things separately. That way you'll still have lots to talk about, and you won't be overwhelming one another with attention.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Deal with a change in a relationship.\", \"描述\": \"It's inevitable that relationships change. There's nothing you can do about that, but you can cope with the change. This could be anything from your partner suddenly becoming messy, when they used to be neat, or your spouse deciding that they don't want children, even though they used to. \\nAddress problems as soon as possible, especially if they are small ones that could become big ones later on. For example: if your partner has become messy and doesn't clean up after themselves, talk to them and use \\\"I statements.\\\" Say \\\"I feel like I end up cleaning up all the dishes, despite not having used any of them,\\\" or \\\"It's really frustrating for me when I end up having to put all your clothes away.\\\"\\nOne key part of adjusting to the change is by reaching compromise or accepting the difference. This might mean going with your partner's feelings on this issue, but your feelings on the next issue, or it might mean meeting somewhere in the middle.\\nDiscuss how the change impacts your relationship and determine how important the issue is to your relationship. If you want children and your partner does not this could mean either you decide that it's okay if you don't have children, or it could mean that the relationship needs to end and the two of you part ways.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintain your relationship long distance.\", \"描述\": \"This can be incredibly challenging for people, but it's easier now than it used to be. It can take time and effort to adjust to a long-distance relationship and you need to be prepared to invest time into it. \\nCommunicate with one another. This is the biggest problem that arises in long-distance relationships. Make sure that you talk over the things that are important to you, the problems that come up in the relationship and in your life, and what matters to you.\\nDeal with doubts. You're going to feel fear about what the other person is up to, sometimes you're not going to trust them, sometimes you're going to doubt them. The best thing you can do, unless you've got evidence that something kinky is going on, is to talk about your frustration about the long distance, or complain to a friend about your doubts. This helps get them out in the open where they are less poisonous.\\nSpend time together. Make sure that you're making time for one another. Send each other funny postcards and letters along with talking on the phone and over the internet. Make specific dates and work towards getting to see one another in person.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adjust to moving in with one another.\", \"描述\": \"This can be a big change in a relationship and therefore needs to be treated with caution. You should feel comfortable pretty quickly, despite inevitable road bumps. Also keep in mind that you will change your mind about moving in, usually a couple days after you've done so, because the change is scary.\\nOne key thing to being comfortable together is that you don't hide the un-sexy and necessary things like tampons and pads, or that pair of really atrocious underwear you have. Your significant other is going to find them anyway and the more you're open about those kinds of things the more comfortable you're both going to be.\\nRoutines are going to change. That's simply something you're going to have to be prepared for. You're going to have to figure out things like who does which chores around the house, where both your things are going to go, and so on. It'll be a lot of negotiation and change.\\nGive one another space. Part of adjusting to moving in together is to give each other space to deal with the emotions and feelings that are going to arise from this change.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Deal with a breakup.\", \"描述\": \"First off, you're going to need time to grieve the end of the relationship, even if you were the one to break it off. Break-ups are hard on both parties and take time to move on from. There are a few major things you should do if you're looking to adjust to your new single status: \\nTake space from the other person. This means deleting them on Facebook (or at least blocking their posts), deleting them out of your phone, staying away from their favorite haunts. The more you're talking to them, the more you're going to feel caught by them.\\nFind yourself. If you've been in a relationship, especially for a while, you start to lose your individual sense of identity and become part of a twosome. When the breakup happens it's time to figure out who you are without them. Do fun things, go out and try new things. This will keep your mind off them and will help you meet new people.\\nBe careful about rebound relationships. You really don't want to jump immediately from one relationship to another without taking time to fully process and grieve the end of the first relationship. Getting entangled with a new person right away is a surefire way to hurt both you and the new person.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"One key aspect off all the different types of adjustment needed is that you take time to allow it to happen. Adjustment doesn't happen right away and you can't force it to. Allow yourself to get used to the new state of affairs at your own pace.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"You can't avoid change no matter how hard you try. It's better to be prepared to deal with changes as they come without trying to avoid them.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,297 | How to Adjust Abnormally Positioned Canine Teeth | 1. Using a Ball or Toy
1-1. Buy a hard rubber ball or Kong toy.
The canine teeth (long, curved teeth by the incisors) are commonly misaligned in dogs. If your dog's teeth are only mildly misaligned, a hard rubber ball or rubber chew toy (Kong toy) may be all that’s needed to correct the misalignment. Kong toys and balls are available at most pet shops and online. However, since there are so many options, talk to your vet about which option would be best for your dog.
Choose a toy size that is appropriate for your dog’s size.
1-2. Let your dog play with the ball or toy.
The rubber ball or toy will be most effective when your dog plays with it for at least 15 minutes, three times a day. To encourage your dog to play with the ball or toy, give it to your dog as a special treat for good behavior. You could also put some tasty treats in the Kong toy and use it as a food puzzle.
It’s perfectly fine for your dog to play with the toy for more than 45 minutes a day. The longer your dog plays with the toy, the more likely the toy will correct the teeth alignment issues.
1-3. Check your dog’s teeth alignment.
After your dog has had a week or two of playing with the ball or toy, look at your dog’s teeth. If you do not notice any improvements in the teeth alignment, you may need to consider other treatment options. Contact your vet to discuss these options.
Consider taking a picture of your dog’s teeth before your dog starts playing with the hard rubber toy. Then, take another picture a week or two later. Compare the two pictures to determine if there’s been any improvement in teeth alignment.
2. Using an Orthodontic Device
2-1. Talk to your vet about orthodontic devices.
Your vet may recommend putting a device to put in your dog’s mouth to realign the abnormally positioned teeth. A popular orthodontic device for dogs is the inclined plane, also known as a bite plate. It is commonly recommended when the lower canine teeth point straight up into the mouth, rather than being angled slightly outward (‘base narrow canine teeth’).
Vets recommend placing an inclined plate in a dog’s mouth between 7 and 9 months of age. It fits over a dog’s upper teeth and works by directing the lower canines into their proper positions.
2-2. Allow your vet to make an inclined plane for your dog.
Your vet will anesthetize your dog to make the acrylic composite (basic shape) of your dog’s upper teeth to make the inclined plane. They will clean the teeth first to make sure the composite is accurate.
Your vet may make what’s called a telescoping inclined plane so it does not stop your dog’s jaw from growing.
2-3. Keep the inclined plane clean.
Just like human bite plates, canine inclined planes need to be kept clean. Your vet may recommend sedating or anesthetizing your dog to clean its inclined plane. If necessary, your vet will make adjustments to the inclined plane, since your dog could have dislodged it when biting down on something hard.
If you regularly brush your dog’s teeth, it may be a little more challenging to do so with the inclined plane. Talk to your vet about how to brush your dog’s teeth while the inclined plane is in place.
2-4. Let your vet remove the inclined plane.
The inclined plane will not stay in your dog’s mouth throughout your dog’s life. Your vet will remove the inclined plane when your dog’s teeth are in proper alignment.
2-5. Use the inclined plane as a retainer.
Once your dog’s teeth are properly aligned, the inclined plane could be used as a retainer for several months to maintain the proper alignment. Talk to your vet about this option.
3. Using Crown Reduction
3-1. Talk with your vet about crown reduction.
The crown is the visible part of a tooth. Damage to crowns on the canine teeth can be painful and possibly damage the roof of the mouth. Crown reduction is useful for different types of malocclusion, such as base narrow canine teeth.
3-2. Have your vet perform crown reduction.
Crown reduction is a surgical procedure. Your vet will remove a section of the crown. This will expose the pulp, the sensitive material inside the tooth. Your vet will remove some of this pulp and apply some medication to the remaining pulp to promote healing and prevent infection. Finally, your vet will cover the pulp with a protective barrier (like filling a human cavity).
If your dog’s lower canine teeth are misaligned, your vet will remove enough of the crown so the teeth no longer touch the roof of your dog’s mouth.
Removing some of the exposed pulp and applying the medication and protective barrier is called vital pulp therapy.
3-3. Get dental radiographs.
About 6–9 months after the crown reduction and vital pulp therapy, your vet will want to take dental radiographs. This is because vital pulp therapy is not always successful. The dental radiographs will help your vet determine whether the entire procedure was successful.
If the vital pulp therapy was not successful, your vet may need to perform the procedure again.
Tips
Adjusting abnormally aligned teeth early in a dog’s life can prevent discomfort and other serious health problems later on.[12]
X
Research source
Toy breeds (Chihuahuas, toy poodles) commonly have baby teeth that stay in for too long. This condition, called ‘persistent deciduous teeth,’ can force the adult teeth to come in abnormally.
Warnings
Although orthodontic devices can be effective with correcting teeth alignment, they can cause more harm than good if not properly positioned.[13]
X
Research source
Some dog breeders may clip off baby teeth that have not yet fallen out. This is inhumane and can cause infection under a dog’s gumline.[14]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using a Ball or Toy\\n1-1. Buy a hard rubber ball or Kong toy.\\nThe canine teeth (long, curved teeth by the incisors) are commonly misaligned in dogs. If your dog's teeth are only mildly misaligned, a hard rubber ball or rubber chew toy (Kong toy) may be all that’s needed to correct the misalignment. Kong toys and balls are available at most pet shops and online. However, since there are so many options, talk to your vet about which option would be best for your dog.\\nChoose a toy size that is appropriate for your dog’s size.\\n1-2. Let your dog play with the ball or toy.\\nThe rubber ball or toy will be most effective when your dog plays with it for at least 15 minutes, three times a day. To encourage your dog to play with the ball or toy, give it to your dog as a special treat for good behavior. You could also put some tasty treats in the Kong toy and use it as a food puzzle.\\nIt’s perfectly fine for your dog to play with the toy for more than 45 minutes a day. The longer your dog plays with the toy, the more likely the toy will correct the teeth alignment issues.\\n1-3. Check your dog’s teeth alignment.\\nAfter your dog has had a week or two of playing with the ball or toy, look at your dog’s teeth. If you do not notice any improvements in the teeth alignment, you may need to consider other treatment options. Contact your vet to discuss these options.\\nConsider taking a picture of your dog’s teeth before your dog starts playing with the hard rubber toy. Then, take another picture a week or two later. Compare the two pictures to determine if there’s been any improvement in teeth alignment.\\n2. Using an Orthodontic Device\\n2-1. Talk to your vet about orthodontic devices.\\nYour vet may recommend putting a device to put in your dog’s mouth to realign the abnormally positioned teeth. A popular orthodontic device for dogs is the inclined plane, also known as a bite plate. It is commonly recommended when the lower canine teeth point straight up into the mouth, rather than being angled slightly outward (‘base narrow canine teeth’).\\nVets recommend placing an inclined plate in a dog’s mouth between 7 and 9 months of age. It fits over a dog’s upper teeth and works by directing the lower canines into their proper positions.\\n2-2. Allow your vet to make an inclined plane for your dog.\\nYour vet will anesthetize your dog to make the acrylic composite (basic shape) of your dog’s upper teeth to make the inclined plane. They will clean the teeth first to make sure the composite is accurate. \\nYour vet may make what’s called a telescoping inclined plane so it does not stop your dog’s jaw from growing.\\n2-3. Keep the inclined plane clean.\\nJust like human bite plates, canine inclined planes need to be kept clean. Your vet may recommend sedating or anesthetizing your dog to clean its inclined plane. If necessary, your vet will make adjustments to the inclined plane, since your dog could have dislodged it when biting down on something hard.\\nIf you regularly brush your dog’s teeth, it may be a little more challenging to do so with the inclined plane. Talk to your vet about how to brush your dog’s teeth while the inclined plane is in place.\\n2-4. Let your vet remove the inclined plane.\\nThe inclined plane will not stay in your dog’s mouth throughout your dog’s life. Your vet will remove the inclined plane when your dog’s teeth are in proper alignment.\\n2-5. Use the inclined plane as a retainer.\\nOnce your dog’s teeth are properly aligned, the inclined plane could be used as a retainer for several months to maintain the proper alignment. Talk to your vet about this option.\\n3. Using Crown Reduction\\n3-1. Talk with your vet about crown reduction.\\nThe crown is the visible part of a tooth. Damage to crowns on the canine teeth can be painful and possibly damage the roof of the mouth. Crown reduction is useful for different types of malocclusion, such as base narrow canine teeth.\\n3-2. Have your vet perform crown reduction.\\nCrown reduction is a surgical procedure. Your vet will remove a section of the crown. This will expose the pulp, the sensitive material inside the tooth. Your vet will remove some of this pulp and apply some medication to the remaining pulp to promote healing and prevent infection. Finally, your vet will cover the pulp with a protective barrier (like filling a human cavity).\\nIf your dog’s lower canine teeth are misaligned, your vet will remove enough of the crown so the teeth no longer touch the roof of your dog’s mouth.\\nRemoving some of the exposed pulp and applying the medication and protective barrier is called vital pulp therapy.\\n3-3. Get dental radiographs.\\nAbout 6–9 months after the crown reduction and vital pulp therapy, your vet will want to take dental radiographs. This is because vital pulp therapy is not always successful. The dental radiographs will help your vet determine whether the entire procedure was successful.\\nIf the vital pulp therapy was not successful, your vet may need to perform the procedure again.\\nTips\\nAdjusting abnormally aligned teeth early in a dog’s life can prevent discomfort and other serious health problems later on.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nToy breeds (Chihuahuas, toy poodles) commonly have baby teeth that stay in for too long. This condition, called ‘persistent deciduous teeth,’ can force the adult teeth to come in abnormally.\\nWarnings\\nAlthough orthodontic devices can be effective with correcting teeth alignment, they can cause more harm than good if not properly positioned.[13]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nSome dog breeders may clip off baby teeth that have not yet fallen out. This is inhumane and can cause infection under a dog’s gumline.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Malocclusions are abnormal teeth alignments (‘bites’) caused by either the improper loss of baby teeth or improper eruption (coming in) of adult teeth. Improperly positioned teeth can make eating and closing the mouth difficult for dogs. Several treatments (toys, orthodontic devices, crown reduction) are available to realign abnormally positioned teeth. Work with your vet to determine which treatment will be right for your dog.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using a Ball or Toy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy a hard rubber ball or Kong toy.\", \"描述\": \"The canine teeth (long, curved teeth by the incisors) are commonly misaligned in dogs. If your dog's teeth are only mildly misaligned, a hard rubber ball or rubber chew toy (Kong toy) may be all that’s needed to correct the misalignment. Kong toys and balls are available at most pet shops and online. However, since there are so many options, talk to your vet about which option would be best for your dog.\\nChoose a toy size that is appropriate for your dog’s size.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Let your dog play with the ball or toy.\", \"描述\": \"The rubber ball or toy will be most effective when your dog plays with it for at least 15 minutes, three times a day. To encourage your dog to play with the ball or toy, give it to your dog as a special treat for good behavior. You could also put some tasty treats in the Kong toy and use it as a food puzzle.\\nIt’s perfectly fine for your dog to play with the toy for more than 45 minutes a day. The longer your dog plays with the toy, the more likely the toy will correct the teeth alignment issues.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check your dog’s teeth alignment.\", \"描述\": \"After your dog has had a week or two of playing with the ball or toy, look at your dog’s teeth. If you do not notice any improvements in the teeth alignment, you may need to consider other treatment options. Contact your vet to discuss these options.\\nConsider taking a picture of your dog’s teeth before your dog starts playing with the hard rubber toy. Then, take another picture a week or two later. Compare the two pictures to determine if there’s been any improvement in teeth alignment.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using an Orthodontic Device\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to your vet about orthodontic devices.\", \"描述\": \"Your vet may recommend putting a device to put in your dog’s mouth to realign the abnormally positioned teeth. A popular orthodontic device for dogs is the inclined plane, also known as a bite plate. It is commonly recommended when the lower canine teeth point straight up into the mouth, rather than being angled slightly outward (‘base narrow canine teeth’).\\nVets recommend placing an inclined plate in a dog’s mouth between 7 and 9 months of age. It fits over a dog’s upper teeth and works by directing the lower canines into their proper positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Allow your vet to make an inclined plane for your dog.\", \"描述\": \"Your vet will anesthetize your dog to make the acrylic composite (basic shape) of your dog’s upper teeth to make the inclined plane. They will clean the teeth first to make sure the composite is accurate. \\nYour vet may make what’s called a telescoping inclined plane so it does not stop your dog’s jaw from growing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep the inclined plane clean.\", \"描述\": \"Just like human bite plates, canine inclined planes need to be kept clean. Your vet may recommend sedating or anesthetizing your dog to clean its inclined plane. If necessary, your vet will make adjustments to the inclined plane, since your dog could have dislodged it when biting down on something hard.\\nIf you regularly brush your dog’s teeth, it may be a little more challenging to do so with the inclined plane. Talk to your vet about how to brush your dog’s teeth while the inclined plane is in place.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Let your vet remove the inclined plane.\", \"描述\": \"The inclined plane will not stay in your dog’s mouth throughout your dog’s life. Your vet will remove the inclined plane when your dog’s teeth are in proper alignment.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use the inclined plane as a retainer.\", \"描述\": \"Once your dog’s teeth are properly aligned, the inclined plane could be used as a retainer for several months to maintain the proper alignment. Talk to your vet about this option.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Crown Reduction\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk with your vet about crown reduction.\", \"描述\": \"The crown is the visible part of a tooth. Damage to crowns on the canine teeth can be painful and possibly damage the roof of the mouth. Crown reduction is useful for different types of malocclusion, such as base narrow canine teeth.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have your vet perform crown reduction.\", \"描述\": \"Crown reduction is a surgical procedure. Your vet will remove a section of the crown. This will expose the pulp, the sensitive material inside the tooth. Your vet will remove some of this pulp and apply some medication to the remaining pulp to promote healing and prevent infection. Finally, your vet will cover the pulp with a protective barrier (like filling a human cavity).\\nIf your dog’s lower canine teeth are misaligned, your vet will remove enough of the crown so the teeth no longer touch the roof of your dog’s mouth.\\nRemoving some of the exposed pulp and applying the medication and protective barrier is called vital pulp therapy.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get dental radiographs.\", \"描述\": \"About 6–9 months after the crown reduction and vital pulp therapy, your vet will want to take dental radiographs. This is because vital pulp therapy is not always successful. The dental radiographs will help your vet determine whether the entire procedure was successful.\\nIf the vital pulp therapy was not successful, your vet may need to perform the procedure again.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Adjusting abnormally aligned teeth early in a dog’s life can prevent discomfort and other serious health problems later on.[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Toy breeds (Chihuahuas, toy poodles) commonly have baby teeth that stay in for too long. This condition, called ‘persistent deciduous teeth,’ can force the adult teeth to come in abnormally.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Although orthodontic devices can be effective with correcting teeth alignment, they can cause more harm than good if not properly positioned.[13]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Some dog breeders may clip off baby teeth that have not yet fallen out. This is inhumane and can cause infection under a dog’s gumline.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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1,298 | How to Adjust Acoustic Guitar Intonation | 1. Making Basic Adjustments
1-1. Check your intonation using a chromatic tuner.
A chromatic tuner provides an electronic readout of the exact note that each string is playing. If your intonation is correct, the tone produced when you fret the 12th fret and pluck the string should be the same tone exactly one octave higher than the open string.
You can buy a chromatic tuner at any guitar store relatively cheaply, if you don't already have one. There also are a number of mobile phone apps that offer a chromatic tuner, although these may not be as exact as a physical tuner.
Any guitar bought off the shelf, no matter how expensive, may have intonation problems. If possible, run this check before you buy a new guitar.
1-2. Learn more precise tuning methods.
Different tuning methods may enable you to correct intonation problems without changing the set-up of your guitar. You might try using harmonics to tune the guitar to itself.
When the strings are tuned, fret each string at the 12th fret. It should produce a sound exactly one octave higher than the pitch at the open string. If the pitch is off, your intonation is off.
1-3. Examine your frets.
If your frets are worn down or dirty, this could cause your guitar to have intonation problems. If the crown of a fret is flat, or if it has grooves in it, the string length will be affected, which can change the pitch of the note played.
If you notice any worn or damaged frets, take your guitar to a luthier for repair. Do not attempt to replace the frets yourself unless you have experience doing so, as you could permanently damage your guitar.
1-4. Adjust your string quality and gauge.
The strings you're using affect the quality of sound your guitar produces. Old or poor-quality strings can ruin your guitar's intonation. If you put strings of a heavier gauge on your guitar, that also can damage the guitar's tone.
Check the materials that came with your guitar or talk to an experienced luthier to determine the correct gauge of strings for your guitar.
When you buy a new set of strings, check the actual gauge carefully. Different brands have different categories and systems of organization, so one brand of "light" strings won't necessarily be the same gauge as other "light" strings.
1-5. Evaluate your playing technique.
If you have a powerful fretting technique, you may be putting excessive pressure on the strings. This can cause your guitar to play sharp, especially if you have relatively tall frets.
Vary your finger pressure as you play notes on your guitar. Use a chromatic tuner to see how your finger pressure directly affects the tone. You may be able to correct your intonation problem simply by varying your fretting technique.
1-6. Prevent intonation problems by storing your guitar properly.
Your guitar should be stored away from sunlight and heat, in an area with between 40 and 60 percent humidity. Too much humidity can cause your guitar to warp, leading to intonation problems.
When you're not playing your guitar, keep it in its case. A hard case is ideal, but even a good quality soft-sided gig bag is better than simply leaving it out exposed to the elements.
To check if your guitar has been warped by lack of humidity in a way that could affect its intonation, lay your guitar on a table and set a ruler across the top of it. You should be able to see light between the edges of the guitar and the ruler on either side.
2. Compensating at the Neck
2-1. Sight the neck of your guitar.
Hold your guitar up at eye level and gaze down the neck. Look for signs of warpage or other issues that could be affecting your guitar's intonation. When you look down the neck of your guitar, it should be perfectly straight.
If you see any cracks or separation at the neck joint, or notice any warping along the width of the neck, take your guitar to an experienced luthier. This repair requires work beyond simple adjustments.
2-2. Evaluate neck relief.
Your guitar's "neck relief" is the amount it curves along its length. Too much neck relief can cause problems with intonation because it means that your strings are further away from the neck at some frets than at others.
You can make minor adjustments to correct neck relief by tightening or loosening the truss rod. This is something that you can do at home, but if you feel at all uncomfortable doing it, go ahead and take it to a luthier.
If your neck is curved to the point of being bowed, you risk breaking it if you adjust the truss rod. Take it to an experienced luthier for an assessment.
2-3. Adjust the truss rod.
Your guitar has a truss rod, accessible either through the sound hole of your guitar or behind a panel just above the nut. The rod can be adjusted either with a regular Allen wrench or a socket wrench.
Turn the rod to the left to loosen it, or to the right to tighten it. Go extremely slowly, and only turn it a maximum of a quarter-inch (about 6 millimeters) at a time. Never turn it more than a complete turn.
Loosening will add relief (greater distance between the string and the neck), while tightening the truss rod takes away relief.
2-4. Check action at the nut.
The action is the space between the strings and the frets. A lot of action will make the strings more difficult to press down, and can affect your guitar's intonation. Not enough action and the strings will buzz, damaging your sound quality.
Hold the neck of your guitar at eye level. One at a time, press down each string between the second and third frets and look at the clearance of the string over the first fret.
If you can see just a sliver of light between the string and the first fret, that tells you that the strings are sitting correctly in the nut. If there's too much space, the intonation will be off. You can fix this by filing down the string slots just a little so that the string sits lower.
If there's no space between the first fret and the string, this is going to cause the string to buzz against the first fret when you strum the open string, which can also affect the sound of your guitar. You can fix this by raising the nut so the string sits higher.
2-5. Try to file or raise the nut yourself.
If you noticed that you had too much action at the nut, you can file the string slots yourself if you have the right tools. You'll need a nut file to get the slot in the right shape. Otherwise, take your guitar to a luthier.
You also can replace the nut with a higher nut, or get the replacement done at a music shop. Don't glue a similar piece of material to the bottom of the nut to increase its thickness, since this can damage your guitar.
When raising your nut, start with the smallest sliver – if you raise your nut too high you could adversely affect the tone of your instrument. Keep the same thing in mind when filing the string slots – once the nut is filed away, you can't put it back.
2-6. Install a prefabricated compensated nut instead of filing the nut yourself.
Swapping out your old nut with a prefabricated nut that will correct the action may be the easiest thing for you to do. Prefabricated nuts aren't too expensive, and you don't run the risk of ruining the original nut.
You can find prefabricated compensated nuts at your local guitar shop, or you can order one online. Make sure the nut you choose is designed to fit on your guitar. If you have trouble installing it yourself or find you don't have the right tools to do it correctly, take your guitar to a luthier.
Installing a prefabricated compensated nut also may remedy intonation problems that were caused either by the shape of your nut, or the shapes of the string slots.
3. Adjusting the Saddle
3-1. Check saddle height.
If the strings are too close to the fingerboard, your guitar will have a sharp intonation. If your guitar plays with a flat intonation, it could be because the saddle is set too low.
You can't change the placement of the saddle yourself. If it seems your guitar's intonation problems are caused by the placement of the saddle, take your guitar to a luthier and explain your concerns.
3-2. Measure string height.
To determine if the saddle is at the correct height, you need to measure the distance between your strings and the 12th fret. The "correct" distance between your strings and the 12th fret will vary depending on your playing style, the type of strings you use, and your individual guitar.
You can search online to find 12th fret clearances depending on different playing styles and different types of strings. Look for websites for luthiers, guitar or string manufacturers.
Another method of measuring string height is to put a capo above the first fret and measure string distance from the 13th fret. This will result in a slightly lower height, so whichever method you choose, make sure you use it consistently.
3-3. Install a pre-made compensated saddle.
If you need to raise the saddle, buying a pre-made compensated saddle usually is easier than attempting to compensate the saddle that came with the guitar.
These compensated saddles typically cost between $5 and $100, depending on the material.
If you can find a compensated saddle that fits your guitar and raises the strings to the height you need, you have an easy option to adjust your guitar's intonation. The pre-made saddle will end up being cheaper than a professional repair.
3-4. Sand down the saddle from the bottom.
If the saddle is too high, it is possible to sand it down so that the strings sit lower. This may correct your intonation problem. Work slowly and incrementally with sandpaper, taking care not to sand down too much.
Make sure you are sanding the saddle evenly, or you could make your intonation problem worse. It may help to draw a line on the side of your saddle with a pencil and then sand down to the line.
Don't try to adjust the saddle yourself if your acoustic guitar has a pickup under the saddle. Pickups are precisely positioned and fragile.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Making Basic Adjustments\\n1-1. Check your intonation using a chromatic tuner.\\nA chromatic tuner provides an electronic readout of the exact note that each string is playing. If your intonation is correct, the tone produced when you fret the 12th fret and pluck the string should be the same tone exactly one octave higher than the open string.\\nYou can buy a chromatic tuner at any guitar store relatively cheaply, if you don't already have one. There also are a number of mobile phone apps that offer a chromatic tuner, although these may not be as exact as a physical tuner.\\nAny guitar bought off the shelf, no matter how expensive, may have intonation problems. If possible, run this check before you buy a new guitar.\\n1-2. Learn more precise tuning methods.\\nDifferent tuning methods may enable you to correct intonation problems without changing the set-up of your guitar. You might try using harmonics to tune the guitar to itself.\\nWhen the strings are tuned, fret each string at the 12th fret. It should produce a sound exactly one octave higher than the pitch at the open string. If the pitch is off, your intonation is off.\\n1-3. Examine your frets.\\nIf your frets are worn down or dirty, this could cause your guitar to have intonation problems. If the crown of a fret is flat, or if it has grooves in it, the string length will be affected, which can change the pitch of the note played.\\nIf you notice any worn or damaged frets, take your guitar to a luthier for repair. Do not attempt to replace the frets yourself unless you have experience doing so, as you could permanently damage your guitar.\\n1-4. Adjust your string quality and gauge.\\nThe strings you're using affect the quality of sound your guitar produces. Old or poor-quality strings can ruin your guitar's intonation. If you put strings of a heavier gauge on your guitar, that also can damage the guitar's tone.\\nCheck the materials that came with your guitar or talk to an experienced luthier to determine the correct gauge of strings for your guitar.\\nWhen you buy a new set of strings, check the actual gauge carefully. Different brands have different categories and systems of organization, so one brand of \\\"light\\\" strings won't necessarily be the same gauge as other \\\"light\\\" strings.\\n1-5. Evaluate your playing technique.\\nIf you have a powerful fretting technique, you may be putting excessive pressure on the strings. This can cause your guitar to play sharp, especially if you have relatively tall frets.\\nVary your finger pressure as you play notes on your guitar. Use a chromatic tuner to see how your finger pressure directly affects the tone. You may be able to correct your intonation problem simply by varying your fretting technique.\\n1-6. Prevent intonation problems by storing your guitar properly.\\nYour guitar should be stored away from sunlight and heat, in an area with between 40 and 60 percent humidity. Too much humidity can cause your guitar to warp, leading to intonation problems.\\nWhen you're not playing your guitar, keep it in its case. A hard case is ideal, but even a good quality soft-sided gig bag is better than simply leaving it out exposed to the elements.\\nTo check if your guitar has been warped by lack of humidity in a way that could affect its intonation, lay your guitar on a table and set a ruler across the top of it. You should be able to see light between the edges of the guitar and the ruler on either side.\\n2. Compensating at the Neck\\n2-1. Sight the neck of your guitar.\\nHold your guitar up at eye level and gaze down the neck. Look for signs of warpage or other issues that could be affecting your guitar's intonation. When you look down the neck of your guitar, it should be perfectly straight.\\nIf you see any cracks or separation at the neck joint, or notice any warping along the width of the neck, take your guitar to an experienced luthier. This repair requires work beyond simple adjustments.\\n2-2. Evaluate neck relief.\\nYour guitar's \\\"neck relief\\\" is the amount it curves along its length. Too much neck relief can cause problems with intonation because it means that your strings are further away from the neck at some frets than at others.\\nYou can make minor adjustments to correct neck relief by tightening or loosening the truss rod. This is something that you can do at home, but if you feel at all uncomfortable doing it, go ahead and take it to a luthier.\\nIf your neck is curved to the point of being bowed, you risk breaking it if you adjust the truss rod. Take it to an experienced luthier for an assessment.\\n2-3. Adjust the truss rod.\\nYour guitar has a truss rod, accessible either through the sound hole of your guitar or behind a panel just above the nut. The rod can be adjusted either with a regular Allen wrench or a socket wrench.\\nTurn the rod to the left to loosen it, or to the right to tighten it. Go extremely slowly, and only turn it a maximum of a quarter-inch (about 6 millimeters) at a time. Never turn it more than a complete turn.\\nLoosening will add relief (greater distance between the string and the neck), while tightening the truss rod takes away relief.\\n2-4. Check action at the nut.\\nThe action is the space between the strings and the frets. A lot of action will make the strings more difficult to press down, and can affect your guitar's intonation. Not enough action and the strings will buzz, damaging your sound quality.\\nHold the neck of your guitar at eye level. One at a time, press down each string between the second and third frets and look at the clearance of the string over the first fret.\\nIf you can see just a sliver of light between the string and the first fret, that tells you that the strings are sitting correctly in the nut. If there's too much space, the intonation will be off. You can fix this by filing down the string slots just a little so that the string sits lower.\\nIf there's no space between the first fret and the string, this is going to cause the string to buzz against the first fret when you strum the open string, which can also affect the sound of your guitar. You can fix this by raising the nut so the string sits higher.\\n2-5. Try to file or raise the nut yourself.\\nIf you noticed that you had too much action at the nut, you can file the string slots yourself if you have the right tools. You'll need a nut file to get the slot in the right shape. Otherwise, take your guitar to a luthier.\\nYou also can replace the nut with a higher nut, or get the replacement done at a music shop. Don't glue a similar piece of material to the bottom of the nut to increase its thickness, since this can damage your guitar.\\nWhen raising your nut, start with the smallest sliver – if you raise your nut too high you could adversely affect the tone of your instrument. Keep the same thing in mind when filing the string slots – once the nut is filed away, you can't put it back.\\n2-6. Install a prefabricated compensated nut instead of filing the nut yourself.\\nSwapping out your old nut with a prefabricated nut that will correct the action may be the easiest thing for you to do. Prefabricated nuts aren't too expensive, and you don't run the risk of ruining the original nut.\\nYou can find prefabricated compensated nuts at your local guitar shop, or you can order one online. Make sure the nut you choose is designed to fit on your guitar. If you have trouble installing it yourself or find you don't have the right tools to do it correctly, take your guitar to a luthier.\\nInstalling a prefabricated compensated nut also may remedy intonation problems that were caused either by the shape of your nut, or the shapes of the string slots.\\n3. Adjusting the Saddle\\n3-1. Check saddle height.\\nIf the strings are too close to the fingerboard, your guitar will have a sharp intonation. If your guitar plays with a flat intonation, it could be because the saddle is set too low.\\nYou can't change the placement of the saddle yourself. If it seems your guitar's intonation problems are caused by the placement of the saddle, take your guitar to a luthier and explain your concerns.\\n3-2. Measure string height.\\nTo determine if the saddle is at the correct height, you need to measure the distance between your strings and the 12th fret. The \\\"correct\\\" distance between your strings and the 12th fret will vary depending on your playing style, the type of strings you use, and your individual guitar.\\nYou can search online to find 12th fret clearances depending on different playing styles and different types of strings. Look for websites for luthiers, guitar or string manufacturers.\\nAnother method of measuring string height is to put a capo above the first fret and measure string distance from the 13th fret. This will result in a slightly lower height, so whichever method you choose, make sure you use it consistently.\\n3-3. Install a pre-made compensated saddle.\\nIf you need to raise the saddle, buying a pre-made compensated saddle usually is easier than attempting to compensate the saddle that came with the guitar.\\nThese compensated saddles typically cost between $5 and $100, depending on the material.\\nIf you can find a compensated saddle that fits your guitar and raises the strings to the height you need, you have an easy option to adjust your guitar's intonation. The pre-made saddle will end up being cheaper than a professional repair.\\n3-4. Sand down the saddle from the bottom.\\nIf the saddle is too high, it is possible to sand it down so that the strings sit lower. This may correct your intonation problem. Work slowly and incrementally with sandpaper, taking care not to sand down too much.\\nMake sure you are sanding the saddle evenly, or you could make your intonation problem worse. It may help to draw a line on the side of your saddle with a pencil and then sand down to the line.\\nDon't try to adjust the saddle yourself if your acoustic guitar has a pickup under the saddle. Pickups are precisely positioned and fragile.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Acoustic guitars frequently sound a bit sharp. Simple intonation problems often can be corrected with basic adjustments. However, if you've tried several tuning techniques and still have a problem, you may need to compensate at the nut and at the bridge. While some of these adjustments can be done yourself, for more complex adjustments take your guitar to an experienced luthier so you don't risk damaging your guitar.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Making Basic Adjustments\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your intonation using a chromatic tuner.\", \"描述\": \"A chromatic tuner provides an electronic readout of the exact note that each string is playing. If your intonation is correct, the tone produced when you fret the 12th fret and pluck the string should be the same tone exactly one octave higher than the open string.\\nYou can buy a chromatic tuner at any guitar store relatively cheaply, if you don't already have one. There also are a number of mobile phone apps that offer a chromatic tuner, although these may not be as exact as a physical tuner.\\nAny guitar bought off the shelf, no matter how expensive, may have intonation problems. If possible, run this check before you buy a new guitar.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn more precise tuning methods.\", \"描述\": \"Different tuning methods may enable you to correct intonation problems without changing the set-up of your guitar. You might try using harmonics to tune the guitar to itself.\\nWhen the strings are tuned, fret each string at the 12th fret. It should produce a sound exactly one octave higher than the pitch at the open string. If the pitch is off, your intonation is off.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Examine your frets.\", \"描述\": \"If your frets are worn down or dirty, this could cause your guitar to have intonation problems. If the crown of a fret is flat, or if it has grooves in it, the string length will be affected, which can change the pitch of the note played.\\nIf you notice any worn or damaged frets, take your guitar to a luthier for repair. Do not attempt to replace the frets yourself unless you have experience doing so, as you could permanently damage your guitar.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adjust your string quality and gauge.\", \"描述\": \"The strings you're using affect the quality of sound your guitar produces. Old or poor-quality strings can ruin your guitar's intonation. If you put strings of a heavier gauge on your guitar, that also can damage the guitar's tone.\\nCheck the materials that came with your guitar or talk to an experienced luthier to determine the correct gauge of strings for your guitar.\\nWhen you buy a new set of strings, check the actual gauge carefully. Different brands have different categories and systems of organization, so one brand of \\\"light\\\" strings won't necessarily be the same gauge as other \\\"light\\\" strings.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Evaluate your playing technique.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a powerful fretting technique, you may be putting excessive pressure on the strings. This can cause your guitar to play sharp, especially if you have relatively tall frets.\\nVary your finger pressure as you play notes on your guitar. Use a chromatic tuner to see how your finger pressure directly affects the tone. You may be able to correct your intonation problem simply by varying your fretting technique.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prevent intonation problems by storing your guitar properly.\", \"描述\": \"Your guitar should be stored away from sunlight and heat, in an area with between 40 and 60 percent humidity. Too much humidity can cause your guitar to warp, leading to intonation problems.\\nWhen you're not playing your guitar, keep it in its case. A hard case is ideal, but even a good quality soft-sided gig bag is better than simply leaving it out exposed to the elements.\\nTo check if your guitar has been warped by lack of humidity in a way that could affect its intonation, lay your guitar on a table and set a ruler across the top of it. You should be able to see light between the edges of the guitar and the ruler on either side.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Compensating at the Neck\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sight the neck of your guitar.\", \"描述\": \"Hold your guitar up at eye level and gaze down the neck. Look for signs of warpage or other issues that could be affecting your guitar's intonation. When you look down the neck of your guitar, it should be perfectly straight.\\nIf you see any cracks or separation at the neck joint, or notice any warping along the width of the neck, take your guitar to an experienced luthier. This repair requires work beyond simple adjustments.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Evaluate neck relief.\", \"描述\": \"Your guitar's \\\"neck relief\\\" is the amount it curves along its length. Too much neck relief can cause problems with intonation because it means that your strings are further away from the neck at some frets than at others.\\nYou can make minor adjustments to correct neck relief by tightening or loosening the truss rod. This is something that you can do at home, but if you feel at all uncomfortable doing it, go ahead and take it to a luthier.\\nIf your neck is curved to the point of being bowed, you risk breaking it if you adjust the truss rod. Take it to an experienced luthier for an assessment.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjust the truss rod.\", \"描述\": \"Your guitar has a truss rod, accessible either through the sound hole of your guitar or behind a panel just above the nut. The rod can be adjusted either with a regular Allen wrench or a socket wrench.\\nTurn the rod to the left to loosen it, or to the right to tighten it. Go extremely slowly, and only turn it a maximum of a quarter-inch (about 6 millimeters) at a time. Never turn it more than a complete turn.\\nLoosening will add relief (greater distance between the string and the neck), while tightening the truss rod takes away relief.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check action at the nut.\", \"描述\": \"The action is the space between the strings and the frets. A lot of action will make the strings more difficult to press down, and can affect your guitar's intonation. Not enough action and the strings will buzz, damaging your sound quality.\\nHold the neck of your guitar at eye level. One at a time, press down each string between the second and third frets and look at the clearance of the string over the first fret.\\nIf you can see just a sliver of light between the string and the first fret, that tells you that the strings are sitting correctly in the nut. If there's too much space, the intonation will be off. You can fix this by filing down the string slots just a little so that the string sits lower.\\nIf there's no space between the first fret and the string, this is going to cause the string to buzz against the first fret when you strum the open string, which can also affect the sound of your guitar. You can fix this by raising the nut so the string sits higher.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Try to file or raise the nut yourself.\", \"描述\": \"If you noticed that you had too much action at the nut, you can file the string slots yourself if you have the right tools. You'll need a nut file to get the slot in the right shape. Otherwise, take your guitar to a luthier.\\nYou also can replace the nut with a higher nut, or get the replacement done at a music shop. Don't glue a similar piece of material to the bottom of the nut to increase its thickness, since this can damage your guitar.\\nWhen raising your nut, start with the smallest sliver – if you raise your nut too high you could adversely affect the tone of your instrument. Keep the same thing in mind when filing the string slots – once the nut is filed away, you can't put it back.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Install a prefabricated compensated nut instead of filing the nut yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Swapping out your old nut with a prefabricated nut that will correct the action may be the easiest thing for you to do. Prefabricated nuts aren't too expensive, and you don't run the risk of ruining the original nut.\\nYou can find prefabricated compensated nuts at your local guitar shop, or you can order one online. Make sure the nut you choose is designed to fit on your guitar. If you have trouble installing it yourself or find you don't have the right tools to do it correctly, take your guitar to a luthier.\\nInstalling a prefabricated compensated nut also may remedy intonation problems that were caused either by the shape of your nut, or the shapes of the string slots.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjusting the Saddle\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check saddle height.\", \"描述\": \"If the strings are too close to the fingerboard, your guitar will have a sharp intonation. If your guitar plays with a flat intonation, it could be because the saddle is set too low.\\nYou can't change the placement of the saddle yourself. If it seems your guitar's intonation problems are caused by the placement of the saddle, take your guitar to a luthier and explain your concerns.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Measure string height.\", \"描述\": \"To determine if the saddle is at the correct height, you need to measure the distance between your strings and the 12th fret. The \\\"correct\\\" distance between your strings and the 12th fret will vary depending on your playing style, the type of strings you use, and your individual guitar.\\nYou can search online to find 12th fret clearances depending on different playing styles and different types of strings. Look for websites for luthiers, guitar or string manufacturers.\\nAnother method of measuring string height is to put a capo above the first fret and measure string distance from the 13th fret. This will result in a slightly lower height, so whichever method you choose, make sure you use it consistently.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Install a pre-made compensated saddle.\", \"描述\": \"If you need to raise the saddle, buying a pre-made compensated saddle usually is easier than attempting to compensate the saddle that came with the guitar.\\nThese compensated saddles typically cost between $5 and $100, depending on the material.\\nIf you can find a compensated saddle that fits your guitar and raises the strings to the height you need, you have an easy option to adjust your guitar's intonation. The pre-made saddle will end up being cheaper than a professional repair.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sand down the saddle from the bottom.\", \"描述\": \"If the saddle is too high, it is possible to sand it down so that the strings sit lower. This may correct your intonation problem. Work slowly and incrementally with sandpaper, taking care not to sand down too much.\\nMake sure you are sanding the saddle evenly, or you could make your intonation problem worse. It may help to draw a line on the side of your saddle with a pencil and then sand down to the line.\\nDon't try to adjust the saddle yourself if your acoustic guitar has a pickup under the saddle. Pickups are precisely positioned and fragile.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,299 | How to Adjust Action on a Bass | 1. Tune the Bass
Tune the bass as you normally play it.
Use an electronic tuner to achieve accurate tuning. This will assure that the strings are at the proper tension when adjusting the action.
2. Inspect the Neck of the Bass
2-1. Wait at least 30 minutes after any significant change in string tension before inspecting or adjusting the neck of your bass.
It takes time for the neck of a bass to settle into its final position after significant changes have been made to the forces applied to it.
Waiting longer periods will increase the accuracy of your adjustments.
2-2. Determine the relief, or bow, in the neck.
The neck of your bass must have a slight bow to play properly. If the neck were straight, you would get fret buzz, especially on notes played on the first 5 frets.
If you have a capo, attach it at the first fret; otherwise, hold down the E-string (or B-string on a 5-string bass) at the 1st fret with your left index finger. Hold the string down at the 12th fret with your right thumb or right elbow. Use a feeler gauge to determine the largest gap between the string and the tops of the 4th through 8th frets. If the string is touching any of these frets, the neck needs more relief. If the gap between the string and any of these frets is greater than 0.020 inch (0.5 mm), then the neck needs less relief.
Alternatively, attach a capo at the first fret or hold down the G-string at the 1st fret with your left index finger. Press the G-string down at the end of the neck with your elbow. Use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the bottom of the string and the top of the 8th fret. If the gap exceeds 0.012 inch (0.3 mm), the neck needs less relief. If there is no gap, the neck needs more relief.
The truss rod needs to be adjusted if inspection of the neck indicates that it needs either more or less relief.
3. Adjust the Truss Rod
3-1. Remove the truss rod cover on the headstock, just beyond the nut.
Depending on the model of your bass, you will need a small Phillips screwdriver to remove the screws securing the truss rod cover or a small flat-blade screwdriver to "pop" or pry off the truss rod cover.
3-2. Use an appropriately sized allen wrench to adjust the truss rod.
If the neck needs less relief, you will tighten the truss rod by turning the truss rod nut clockwise.
If the neck needs more relief, you will turn the truss rod nut counterclockwise.
3-3. Adjust the truss rod a 1/8-turn at a time.
After a 1/8-turn, tune the strings again and remeasure the string height.
3-4. Make additional truss rod adjustments with no more that a 1/8-turn at a time, retuning and remeasuring after each adjustment.
3-5. Test your truss rod adjustment by fretting each string of the bass at each fret.
If there is fret buzz when playing at any of the first 5 frets, the neck is too straight and the truss rod needs to be loosened.
If there is fret buzz only above the 12th fret, there is too much relief in the neck and the truss rod needs to be tightened.
If there is fret buzz consistently up the neck, the truss rod is likely set properly and the bridge needs to be raised to adjust the action.
4. Adjust the Action
4-1. Raise or lower the bridge or the individual string saddles on the bridge.
If your bass does not have individual saddle height adjusting screws, you must adjust the action by raising or lowering the entire bridge. There are many bridge designs, each with its own specific adjustment features. Select the proper tool for the adjustment hardware on your bass. Typically, tightening (turning clockwise) bridge height adjusters will raise the action and loosening (turning counterclockwise) bridge adjustment adjusters will lower the action.
If your bass has individual saddle height adjusting screws, make general action adjustments by raising or lowering the entire bridge, then make your final adjustments by changing the height of the individual string saddles. Individual string saddles are generally adjusted with allen wrenches.
4-2. Test your action adjustments by playing your bass at each fret.
You have lowered the action too much if you hear fret buzz.
Warnings
Do not force the truss rod nut. If it does not turn freely, stop and contact a qualified dealer or repair center. It is possible to break the truss rod by over-tightening it, and end up paying a lot more than you were willing to give.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Tune the Bass\\nTune the bass as you normally play it.\\nUse an electronic tuner to achieve accurate tuning. This will assure that the strings are at the proper tension when adjusting the action.\\n2. Inspect the Neck of the Bass\\n2-1. Wait at least 30 minutes after any significant change in string tension before inspecting or adjusting the neck of your bass.\\nIt takes time for the neck of a bass to settle into its final position after significant changes have been made to the forces applied to it.\\nWaiting longer periods will increase the accuracy of your adjustments.\\n2-2. Determine the relief, or bow, in the neck.\\nThe neck of your bass must have a slight bow to play properly. If the neck were straight, you would get fret buzz, especially on notes played on the first 5 frets.\\nIf you have a capo, attach it at the first fret; otherwise, hold down the E-string (or B-string on a 5-string bass) at the 1st fret with your left index finger. Hold the string down at the 12th fret with your right thumb or right elbow. Use a feeler gauge to determine the largest gap between the string and the tops of the 4th through 8th frets. If the string is touching any of these frets, the neck needs more relief. If the gap between the string and any of these frets is greater than 0.020 inch (0.5 mm), then the neck needs less relief.\\nAlternatively, attach a capo at the first fret or hold down the G-string at the 1st fret with your left index finger. Press the G-string down at the end of the neck with your elbow. Use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the bottom of the string and the top of the 8th fret. If the gap exceeds 0.012 inch (0.3 mm), the neck needs less relief. If there is no gap, the neck needs more relief.\\nThe truss rod needs to be adjusted if inspection of the neck indicates that it needs either more or less relief.\\n3. Adjust the Truss Rod\\n3-1. Remove the truss rod cover on the headstock, just beyond the nut.\\nDepending on the model of your bass, you will need a small Phillips screwdriver to remove the screws securing the truss rod cover or a small flat-blade screwdriver to \\\"pop\\\" or pry off the truss rod cover.\\n3-2. Use an appropriately sized allen wrench to adjust the truss rod.\\nIf the neck needs less relief, you will tighten the truss rod by turning the truss rod nut clockwise.\\nIf the neck needs more relief, you will turn the truss rod nut counterclockwise.\\n3-3. Adjust the truss rod a 1/8-turn at a time.\\nAfter a 1/8-turn, tune the strings again and remeasure the string height.\\n3-4. Make additional truss rod adjustments with no more that a 1/8-turn at a time, retuning and remeasuring after each adjustment.\\n\\n3-5. Test your truss rod adjustment by fretting each string of the bass at each fret.\\nIf there is fret buzz when playing at any of the first 5 frets, the neck is too straight and the truss rod needs to be loosened.\\nIf there is fret buzz only above the 12th fret, there is too much relief in the neck and the truss rod needs to be tightened.\\nIf there is fret buzz consistently up the neck, the truss rod is likely set properly and the bridge needs to be raised to adjust the action.\\n4. Adjust the Action\\n4-1. Raise or lower the bridge or the individual string saddles on the bridge.\\nIf your bass does not have individual saddle height adjusting screws, you must adjust the action by raising or lowering the entire bridge. There are many bridge designs, each with its own specific adjustment features. Select the proper tool for the adjustment hardware on your bass. Typically, tightening (turning clockwise) bridge height adjusters will raise the action and loosening (turning counterclockwise) bridge adjustment adjusters will lower the action.\\nIf your bass has individual saddle height adjusting screws, make general action adjustments by raising or lowering the entire bridge, then make your final adjustments by changing the height of the individual string saddles. Individual string saddles are generally adjusted with allen wrenches.\\n4-2. Test your action adjustments by playing your bass at each fret.\\nYou have lowered the action too much if you hear fret buzz.\\nWarnings\\nDo not force the truss rod nut. If it does not turn freely, stop and contact a qualified dealer or repair center. It is possible to break the truss rod by over-tightening it, and end up paying a lot more than you were willing to give.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Adjusting the action on a bass (which is the height of the strings from the fret board) is an important part of the overall setup of the instrument. This must be done when the instrument is new. In addition, exposure to temperature changes, humidity changes and changes in string gauge can affect the setup of your bass and necessitate adjustment of the action.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tune the Bass\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tune the bass as you normally play it.\", \"描述\": \"Use an electronic tuner to achieve accurate tuning. This will assure that the strings are at the proper tension when adjusting the action.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Inspect the Neck of the Bass\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wait at least 30 minutes after any significant change in string tension before inspecting or adjusting the neck of your bass.\", \"描述\": \"It takes time for the neck of a bass to settle into its final position after significant changes have been made to the forces applied to it.\\nWaiting longer periods will increase the accuracy of your adjustments.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine the relief, or bow, in the neck.\", \"描述\": \"The neck of your bass must have a slight bow to play properly. If the neck were straight, you would get fret buzz, especially on notes played on the first 5 frets.\\nIf you have a capo, attach it at the first fret; otherwise, hold down the E-string (or B-string on a 5-string bass) at the 1st fret with your left index finger. Hold the string down at the 12th fret with your right thumb or right elbow. Use a feeler gauge to determine the largest gap between the string and the tops of the 4th through 8th frets. If the string is touching any of these frets, the neck needs more relief. If the gap between the string and any of these frets is greater than 0.020 inch (0.5 mm), then the neck needs less relief.\\nAlternatively, attach a capo at the first fret or hold down the G-string at the 1st fret with your left index finger. Press the G-string down at the end of the neck with your elbow. Use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the bottom of the string and the top of the 8th fret. If the gap exceeds 0.012 inch (0.3 mm), the neck needs less relief. If there is no gap, the neck needs more relief.\\nThe truss rod needs to be adjusted if inspection of the neck indicates that it needs either more or less relief.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjust the Truss Rod\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remove the truss rod cover on the headstock, just beyond the nut.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the model of your bass, you will need a small Phillips screwdriver to remove the screws securing the truss rod cover or a small flat-blade screwdriver to \\\"pop\\\" or pry off the truss rod cover.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use an appropriately sized allen wrench to adjust the truss rod.\", \"描述\": \"If the neck needs less relief, you will tighten the truss rod by turning the truss rod nut clockwise.\\nIf the neck needs more relief, you will turn the truss rod nut counterclockwise.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjust the truss rod a 1/8-turn at a time.\", \"描述\": \"After a 1/8-turn, tune the strings again and remeasure the string height.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make additional truss rod adjustments with no more that a 1/8-turn at a time, retuning and remeasuring after each adjustment.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Test your truss rod adjustment by fretting each string of the bass at each fret.\", \"描述\": \"If there is fret buzz when playing at any of the first 5 frets, the neck is too straight and the truss rod needs to be loosened.\\nIf there is fret buzz only above the 12th fret, there is too much relief in the neck and the truss rod needs to be tightened.\\nIf there is fret buzz consistently up the neck, the truss rod is likely set properly and the bridge needs to be raised to adjust the action.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adjust the Action\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Raise or lower the bridge or the individual string saddles on the bridge.\", \"描述\": \"If your bass does not have individual saddle height adjusting screws, you must adjust the action by raising or lowering the entire bridge. There are many bridge designs, each with its own specific adjustment features. Select the proper tool for the adjustment hardware on your bass. Typically, tightening (turning clockwise) bridge height adjusters will raise the action and loosening (turning counterclockwise) bridge adjustment adjusters will lower the action.\\nIf your bass has individual saddle height adjusting screws, make general action adjustments by raising or lowering the entire bridge, then make your final adjustments by changing the height of the individual string saddles. Individual string saddles are generally adjusted with allen wrenches.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Test your action adjustments by playing your bass at each fret.\", \"描述\": \"You have lowered the action too much if you hear fret buzz.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not force the truss rod nut. If it does not turn freely, stop and contact a qualified dealer or repair center. It is possible to break the truss rod by over-tightening it, and end up paying a lot more than you were willing to give.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
1,300 | How to Adjust Alexa Volume | 1. Using Voice Commands
1-1. Say "Alexa".
Say the wake command to wake Alexa and she will begin listening for your next command.
The default wake command is "Alexa," but if you've changed it to "Echo," "Amazon," or some other command, then use that instead.
1-2. Ask Alexa to increase or decrease the volume.
In your own words, ask Alexa to raise or lower the volume and she will adjust the volume by one step up or down. For example, say, "Alexa, increase the volume," or "Alexa, lower volume."
You can make the phrase more conversational, such as "Alexa, would you please lower the volume for me?" But simply saying, "Alexa, louder," or "Alexa, decrease," will work too.
1-3. Adjust the volume to a specific level between 0 and 10.
With 0 being mute and 10 being the loudest, you can ask Alexa to change the volume to a specific level.
For example, say, "Alexa, set the volume to 6," or simply say "Alexa, volume 6."
Alexa also understands volume via percentage. 0% would be mute, 10% would correspond to volume 1, 20% would correspond to volume 2 - all the way up to 100% which is volume 10. However, these percentages only come in increments of 10%, and only adjust if you mention your units of measurement (%) after the number.
1-4. Ask Alexa to mute the audio.
Simply say, "Alexa, mute," and, "Alexa, unmute," to mute and unmute the audio. When Alexa unmutes the audio the volume will return to the previous level you were listening at.
You can also unmute by telling Alexa to set the volume to a desired level, as in, "Alexa, volume 3."
2. Using Hardware Volume Controls
2-1. For newer Echo devices, press ＋ or － to adjust the volume.
Press the plus "+" or minus "-" buttons on the top of the device.
2-2. For devices with a volume ring, rotate the ring to adjust the volume.
On the top of the device, rotate the ring clockwise to increase the volume and counter-clockwise to decrease it. The light ring will show the current volume level in white.
3. Using the Alexa App
3-1. Open the Alexa app.
It's the app that has a blue icon with a white, brush-stroke circle.
3-2. Tap the Devices tab.
It's the icon in the lower-right corner that has two slider bars.
3-3. Tap Echo & Alexa.
It's has an icon that resembles an Alexa Echo speaker. This displays a list of all your Alexa devices.
3-4. Tap the devices you want to adjust.
This displays the device settings screen.
3-5. Drag the "Volume" slider bar to adjust the volume.
The Volume slider bar is on the device settings screen. Drag the slider bar right to increase the volume. Drag the slider bar left to lower the volume.
4. Adjusting General Device Volume
4-1. Open the Alexa app.
It's the app that has a blue icon with a white, brush-stroke circle.
4-2. Tap the Devices tab.
It's the icon in the lower-right corner that has two slider bars.
4-3. Tap Echo & Alexa.
It has an icon that resembles an Alexa Echo speaker. This displays a list of all your Alexa devices.
4-4. Tap the devices you want to adjust.
This displays the device settings menu.
4-5. Scroll down and tap Sounds.
It's under the "General" header. This allows you to adjust the volume for alarms, notifications, and timers.
4-6. Drag the slider bar to adjust the volume.
The slider bar is at the top of the screen. Drag the slider bar right to increase the volume of the alarms, notifications, and sounds. Drag it to the left to lower the volume of the Alexa sounds.
Tips
If you experience persistent audio problems, such as inconsistent volume, try unplugging the device for about 10 seconds and plugging it back in.
If your Echo device is hooked up to speakers that are currently playing at a high volume, Alexa may not recognize your voice or commands as well. It may be necessary to use the hardware buttons or volume ring instead.
Adjusting the volume will cause the light ring on the Echo to display the current volume level in white before turning off again.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Voice Commands\\n1-1. Say \\\"Alexa\\\".\\nSay the wake command to wake Alexa and she will begin listening for your next command.\\nThe default wake command is \\\"Alexa,\\\" but if you've changed it to \\\"Echo,\\\" \\\"Amazon,\\\" or some other command, then use that instead.\\n1-2. Ask Alexa to increase or decrease the volume.\\nIn your own words, ask Alexa to raise or lower the volume and she will adjust the volume by one step up or down. For example, say, \\\"Alexa, increase the volume,\\\" or \\\"Alexa, lower volume.\\\"\\nYou can make the phrase more conversational, such as \\\"Alexa, would you please lower the volume for me?\\\" But simply saying, \\\"Alexa, louder,\\\" or \\\"Alexa, decrease,\\\" will work too.\\n1-3. Adjust the volume to a specific level between 0 and 10.\\nWith 0 being mute and 10 being the loudest, you can ask Alexa to change the volume to a specific level.\\nFor example, say, \\\"Alexa, set the volume to 6,\\\" or simply say \\\"Alexa, volume 6.\\\"\\nAlexa also understands volume via percentage. 0% would be mute, 10% would correspond to volume 1, 20% would correspond to volume 2 - all the way up to 100% which is volume 10. However, these percentages only come in increments of 10%, and only adjust if you mention your units of measurement (%) after the number.\\n1-4. Ask Alexa to mute the audio.\\nSimply say, \\\"Alexa, mute,\\\" and, \\\"Alexa, unmute,\\\" to mute and unmute the audio. When Alexa unmutes the audio the volume will return to the previous level you were listening at.\\nYou can also unmute by telling Alexa to set the volume to a desired level, as in, \\\"Alexa, volume 3.\\\"\\n2. Using Hardware Volume Controls\\n2-1. For newer Echo devices, press ＋ or － to adjust the volume.\\nPress the plus \\\"+\\\" or minus \\\"-\\\" buttons on the top of the device.\\n2-2. For devices with a volume ring, rotate the ring to adjust the volume.\\nOn the top of the device, rotate the ring clockwise to increase the volume and counter-clockwise to decrease it. The light ring will show the current volume level in white.\\n3. Using the Alexa App\\n3-1. Open the Alexa app.\\nIt's the app that has a blue icon with a white, brush-stroke circle.\\n3-2. Tap the Devices tab.\\nIt's the icon in the lower-right corner that has two slider bars.\\n3-3. Tap Echo & Alexa.\\nIt's has an icon that resembles an Alexa Echo speaker. This displays a list of all your Alexa devices.\\n3-4. Tap the devices you want to adjust.\\nThis displays the device settings screen.\\n3-5. Drag the \\\"Volume\\\" slider bar to adjust the volume.\\nThe Volume slider bar is on the device settings screen. Drag the slider bar right to increase the volume. Drag the slider bar left to lower the volume.\\n4. Adjusting General Device Volume\\n4-1. Open the Alexa app.\\nIt's the app that has a blue icon with a white, brush-stroke circle.\\n4-2. Tap the Devices tab.\\nIt's the icon in the lower-right corner that has two slider bars.\\n4-3. Tap Echo & Alexa.\\nIt has an icon that resembles an Alexa Echo speaker. This displays a list of all your Alexa devices.\\n4-4. Tap the devices you want to adjust.\\nThis displays the device settings menu.\\n4-5. Scroll down and tap Sounds.\\nIt's under the \\\"General\\\" header. This allows you to adjust the volume for alarms, notifications, and timers.\\n4-6. Drag the slider bar to adjust the volume.\\nThe slider bar is at the top of the screen. Drag the slider bar right to increase the volume of the alarms, notifications, and sounds. Drag it to the left to lower the volume of the Alexa sounds.\\nTips\\nIf you experience persistent audio problems, such as inconsistent volume, try unplugging the device for about 10 seconds and plugging it back in.\\nIf your Echo device is hooked up to speakers that are currently playing at a high volume, Alexa may not recognize your voice or commands as well. It may be necessary to use the hardware buttons or volume ring instead.\\nAdjusting the volume will cause the light ring on the Echo to display the current volume level in white before turning off again.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"This wikiHow teaches you how to adjust Alexa's volume using voice commands as well as the volume controls on the device itself, such as the Amazon Echo and Echo dot. These methods will work even when Alexa is playing music, podcasts, or other loud audio sources. If your Alexa volume isn't loud enough, you'll have to connect it to external speakers. You can adjust both the regular volume level as well as the volume of \\\"Sounds\\\" for notifications and alarms.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Voice Commands\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Say \\\"Alexa\\\".\", \"描述\": \"Say the wake command to wake Alexa and she will begin listening for your next command.\\nThe default wake command is \\\"Alexa,\\\" but if you've changed it to \\\"Echo,\\\" \\\"Amazon,\\\" or some other command, then use that instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask Alexa to increase or decrease the volume.\", \"描述\": \"In your own words, ask Alexa to raise or lower the volume and she will adjust the volume by one step up or down. For example, say, \\\"Alexa, increase the volume,\\\" or \\\"Alexa, lower volume.\\\"\\nYou can make the phrase more conversational, such as \\\"Alexa, would you please lower the volume for me?\\\" But simply saying, \\\"Alexa, louder,\\\" or \\\"Alexa, decrease,\\\" will work too.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjust the volume to a specific level between 0 and 10.\", \"描述\": \"With 0 being mute and 10 being the loudest, you can ask Alexa to change the volume to a specific level.\\nFor example, say, \\\"Alexa, set the volume to 6,\\\" or simply say \\\"Alexa, volume 6.\\\"\\nAlexa also understands volume via percentage. 0% would be mute, 10% would correspond to volume 1, 20% would correspond to volume 2 - all the way up to 100% which is volume 10. However, these percentages only come in increments of 10%, and only adjust if you mention your units of measurement (%) after the number.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask Alexa to mute the audio.\", \"描述\": \"Simply say, \\\"Alexa, mute,\\\" and, \\\"Alexa, unmute,\\\" to mute and unmute the audio. When Alexa unmutes the audio the volume will return to the previous level you were listening at.\\nYou can also unmute by telling Alexa to set the volume to a desired level, as in, \\\"Alexa, volume 3.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Hardware Volume Controls\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"For newer Echo devices, press ＋ or － to adjust the volume.\", \"描述\": \"Press the plus \\\"+\\\" or minus \\\"-\\\" buttons on the top of the device.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"For devices with a volume ring, rotate the ring to adjust the volume.\", \"描述\": \"On the top of the device, rotate the ring clockwise to increase the volume and counter-clockwise to decrease it. The light ring will show the current volume level in white.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using the Alexa App\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open the Alexa app.\", \"描述\": \"It's the app that has a blue icon with a white, brush-stroke circle.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tap the Devices tab.\", \"描述\": \"It's the icon in the lower-right corner that has two slider bars.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tap Echo & Alexa.\", \"描述\": \"It's has an icon that resembles an Alexa Echo speaker. This displays a list of all your Alexa devices.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap the devices you want to adjust.\", \"描述\": \"This displays the device settings screen.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Drag the \\\"Volume\\\" slider bar to adjust the volume.\", \"描述\": \"The Volume slider bar is on the device settings screen. Drag the slider bar right to increase the volume. Drag the slider bar left to lower the volume.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adjusting General Device Volume\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open the Alexa app.\", \"描述\": \"It's the app that has a blue icon with a white, brush-stroke circle.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tap the Devices tab.\", \"描述\": \"It's the icon in the lower-right corner that has two slider bars.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tap Echo & Alexa.\", \"描述\": \"It has an icon that resembles an Alexa Echo speaker. This displays a list of all your Alexa devices.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap the devices you want to adjust.\", \"描述\": \"This displays the device settings menu.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Scroll down and tap Sounds.\", \"描述\": \"It's under the \\\"General\\\" header. This allows you to adjust the volume for alarms, notifications, and timers.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Drag the slider bar to adjust the volume.\", \"描述\": \"The slider bar is at the top of the screen. Drag the slider bar right to increase the volume of the alarms, notifications, and sounds. Drag it to the left to lower the volume of the Alexa sounds.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you experience persistent audio problems, such as inconsistent volume, try unplugging the device for about 10 seconds and plugging it back in.\\n\", \"If your Echo device is hooked up to speakers that are currently playing at a high volume, Alexa may not recognize your voice or commands as well. It may be necessary to use the hardware buttons or volume ring instead.\\n\", \"Adjusting the volume will cause the light ring on the Echo to display the current volume level in white before turning off again.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
1,301 | How to Adjust Bass in Audacity | 1. Steps
1-1. Select part of your audio track, or leave it be if you plan to bass boost all of it.
You may want to use "Effect" -> "Amplify" if your audio isn't loud enough (make sure "New Peak Amplitude" is set at 0.0) before proceeding to the next step.
1-2. Click "Effect", then "Normalize".
Normalization is used to shrink the height of the sound waves without making the sound itself quieter. This will make room for adding bass boost.
1-3. Set "Normalize maximum amplitude" to -10.0 dB.
That is the recommended number, but don't adjust it much lower than -10 or the audio may sound noticeably quieter. Don't set it too much higher than -10 either, since it may cause distortion when you try to increase the bass. When you're done, click "OK".
1-4. Click "Effect", then "Bass and Treble".
1-5. Drag the handle next to "Bass (dB)".
Increase it, then click "Start Playback" to test the sound. If it sounds distorted, adjust the handle. Increase the treble if you'd like, but preferably not as much as the bass.
If you like how it sounds, click "Apply" and then press "Close". If it doesn't have enough bass, set it the highest you can without making distortion, then repeat the above process. Repeat those steps over and over again until you get the desired bass.
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Warnings
If sharing audio online with a considerable amount of bass boost, add a (Bass Boosted) tag to the track's name to let people know.
Too much bass boost or distortion may break headphones if they don't support bass boost.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:45:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Select part of your audio track, or leave it be if you plan to bass boost all of it.\\nYou may want to use \\\"Effect\\\" -> \\\"Amplify\\\" if your audio isn't loud enough (make sure \\\"New Peak Amplitude\\\" is set at 0.0) before proceeding to the next step.\\n1-2. Click \\\"Effect\\\", then \\\"Normalize\\\".\\nNormalization is used to shrink the height of the sound waves without making the sound itself quieter. This will make room for adding bass boost.\\n1-3. Set \\\"Normalize maximum amplitude\\\" to -10.0 dB.\\nThat is the recommended number, but don't adjust it much lower than -10 or the audio may sound noticeably quieter. Don't set it too much higher than -10 either, since it may cause distortion when you try to increase the bass. When you're done, click \\\"OK\\\".\\n1-4. Click \\\"Effect\\\", then \\\"Bass and Treble\\\".\\n\\n1-5. Drag the handle next to \\\"Bass (dB)\\\".\\nIncrease it, then click \\\"Start Playback\\\" to test the sound. If it sounds distorted, adjust the handle. Increase the treble if you'd like, but preferably not as much as the bass.\\nIf you like how it sounds, click \\\"Apply\\\" and then press \\\"Close\\\". If it doesn't have enough bass, set it the highest you can without making distortion, then repeat the above process. Repeat those steps over and over again until you get the desired bass.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/5\\\\/58\\\\/Audacity-select-Bass-and-Start-Playback-%28cropped%29.png\\\\/460px-Audacity-select-Bass-and-Start-Playback-%28cropped%29.png\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/5\\\\/58\\\\/Audacity-select-Bass-and-Start-Playback-%28cropped%29.png\\\\/728px-Audacity-select-Bass-and-Start-Playback-%28cropped%29.png\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\\/wiki\\\\/Fair_use\\\\\\\">Fair Use<\\\\/a> (screenshot)<br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nWarnings\\nIf sharing audio online with a considerable amount of bass boost, add a (Bass Boosted) tag to the track's name to let people know.\\nToo much bass boost or distortion may break headphones if they don't support bass boost.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Bass boost is useful when adding finishing touches to an audio track, or if you simply prefer to listen to audio with enhanced bass.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Select part of your audio track, or leave it be if you plan to bass boost all of it.\", \"描述\": \"You may want to use \\\"Effect\\\" -> \\\"Amplify\\\" if your audio isn't loud enough (make sure \\\"New Peak Amplitude\\\" is set at 0.0) before proceeding to the next step.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Click \\\"Effect\\\", then \\\"Normalize\\\".\", \"描述\": \"Normalization is used to shrink the height of the sound waves without making the sound itself quieter. This will make room for adding bass boost.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set \\\"Normalize maximum amplitude\\\" to -10.0 dB.\", \"描述\": \"That is the recommended number, but don't adjust it much lower than -10 or the audio may sound noticeably quieter. Don't set it too much higher than -10 either, since it may cause distortion when you try to increase the bass. When you're done, click \\\"OK\\\".\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Click \\\"Effect\\\", then \\\"Bass and Treble\\\".\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Drag the handle next to \\\"Bass (dB)\\\".\", \"描述\": \"Increase it, then click \\\"Start Playback\\\" to test the sound. If it sounds distorted, adjust the handle. Increase the treble if you'd like, but preferably not as much as the bass.\\nIf you like how it sounds, click \\\"Apply\\\" and then press \\\"Close\\\". If it doesn't have enough bass, set it the highest you can without making distortion, then repeat the above process. Repeat those steps over and over again until you get the desired bass.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/5\\\\/58\\\\/Audacity-select-Bass-and-Start-Playback-%28cropped%29.png\\\\/460px-Audacity-select-Bass-and-Start-Playback-%28cropped%29.png\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/5\\\\/58\\\\/Audacity-select-Bass-and-Start-Playback-%28cropped%29.png\\\\/728px-Audacity-select-Bass-and-Start-Playback-%28cropped%29.png\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\\/wiki\\\\/Fair_use\\\\\\\">Fair Use<\\\\/a> (screenshot)<br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"If sharing audio online with a considerable amount of bass boost, add a (Bass Boosted) tag to the track's name to let people know.\\n\", \"Too much bass boost or distortion may break headphones if they don't support bass boost.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
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