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study of privacy law also helps us understand how our legal institutions |
respond to change and may help prepare us for other challenges ahead. |
SIDIS V. F-R PUBLISHING CORP. |
113 F.2d 806 (2d Cir. 1940) |
[William James Sidis (1898–1944) was perhaps the most famous child |
prodigy of his day. According to Amy Wallace’s biography of Sidis, The |
Prodigy, he was able to read the New York Times at the age of 18 months.1 |
By the time he was three, William had learned to operate a typewriter and |
used it to compose a letter to Macy’s to order toys. At that age, he also |
learned Latin “as a birthday present for his father.” That year, after his |
father taught him the Greek alphabet, he taught himself to read Homer with |
the aid of a Greek primer. By the time he started elementary school, at the |
age of six, he could speak and read at least eight languages. At the age of |
five, he had already devised a method for calculating the day of the week on |
which any given date occurred, and when he was seven years old, he wrote |
a book about calendars. At that time, he had already prepared manuscripts |
about anatomy, astronomy, grammar, linguistics, and mathematics. At the |
age of eight, he created a new table of logarithms, which used a base of 12 |
instead of the conventional ten. From early childhood on, Sidis was also |
passionately interested in politics and world events. According to Wallace, |
Sidis was one of the few child prodigies in world history whose talents were |
not limited to a single field. |
In 1909, Harvard University permitted Sidis to enroll in it; he was 11 |
years old and the youngest student in the history of Harvard. Sidis also |
made the front pages of newspapers around the nation when on January 5, |
1910, he delivered a two-hour lecture to the Harvard Mathematics Club. |
The New York Times featured Sidis on its front page of October 11, 1909, as |
“Harvard’s Child Prodigy.”2 |
Boris Sidis, William’s father, was a distinguished physician, early |
pioneer of American psychology (and opponent of Sigmund Freud), and |
prolific author. In 1911, Boris published a book about his educational |
theories and his virulent opposition to the educational institutions of the |
day. At the time of the publication of this book, Philistine and Genius, |
William was 13, and in Wallace’s description, “teetering on the edge of his |
endurance to public exposure.” Although the book did not mention his son |
by name, it did discuss him and his accomplishments, which brought |
William additional publicity. Sarah Sidis, William’s mother and herself a |
physician, had a domineering and deeply troubled relationship with her son. |
Neither she nor Boris did anything to shelter William from the great |
publicity that followed him from an early age and the tremendous stress that |
it created in his life. |
When he graduated from Harvard at age 16, William told reporters: “I |
want to live the perfect life. The only way to live the perfect life is to live it |
in seclusion. I have always hated crowds.” After graduating from college, |
Sidis accepted a teaching position at the Rice University in Houston. After a |
difficult eight months as a professor of mathematics there, William returned |
to Boston and enrolled in Harvard Law School in 1916. He left the law |
school in his last semester there without taking a degree. |
From 1918 until a New Yorker article about him in 1937, Sidis engaged |
in socialist and other radical politics, published numerous newsletters, lived |
an active social life, addressed a monthly study group, wrote a treatise |
about the classification of streetcar transfers, and financed his life through a |
series of modest clerical jobs and sales of his patented “perpetual calendar.” |
During this period, in 1925, Sidis also published The Animate and the |
Inanimate. In Wallace’s view, this book is the first work on the subject of |
“black holes” in space as well as an extraordinary work in the field of |
cosmogony, or the study of the origins of the universe. The book did not |
receive a single review at the time and was ignored by academia. |
Before 1937, Sidis had done an excellent job of avoiding publicity for a |
decade. In that year, however, a local paper, the Boston Sunday Advertiser, |
published an article about him. This was followed by the August 14, 1937, |
issue of the New Yorker, which contained a brief biographical sketch about |
Sidis, his life following his graduation from Harvard, and the subsequent |
decades during which he lived in obscurity.3 The article was part of a |
regular feature of the magazine called “Where Are They Now?,” which |
provided brief updates on the lives of famous figures of the past. The article |
was printed under the subtitle April Fool, a reference to the fact that Sidis |
was born on April Fool’s Day. The article recounted the history of Sidis’s |
life and his current whereabouts: “William James Sidis lives today, at the |
age of thirty-nine, in a hall bedroom of Boston’s shabby south end.” The |
article also contained numerous errors about Sidis’s life. |
A mystery still exists regarding the interview at the basis of this article. |
According to Wallace, Sidis’s contemporary biographer, a member of the |
monthly study group, whom she refers to only as “John,” had brought along |
a friend to one meeting. Several members of this group suspected that this |
woman, who was the daughter of a publisher at a large company, served as |
the basis for the New Yorker’s report. Yet, the mystery remains as this |
individual did not interview Sidis at the time of the monthly meeting. |
Wallace writes: “William always maintained that the entire article was a |
combination of imagination and old stories about him, and no strangers had |
gained access to his room.” Another possibility is that Sidis spoke to |
someone without knowing that she was a reporter, which seems unlikely |
due to his aversion to publicity. |
The New Yorker article described Sidis’s famous childhood and then |
recounted his subsequent career as an insignificant clerk: “He seems to get |
a great and ironic enjoyment out of leading a life of wandering |
irresponsibility after a childhood of scrupulous regimentation.” Sidis never |
remained at one job for too long because “his employers or fellow-workers |
[would] soon find out that he is the famous boy wonder, and he can’t |
tolerate a position after that.” According to Sidis: “The very sight of a |
mathematical formula makes me physically ill. . . . All I want to do is run |
an adding machine, but they won’t let me alone.” The article also described |
Sidis’s dwelling, a small bedroom in a poor part of Boston and his personal |
activities, interests, and habits. |
In his legal action against the Boston Sunday Advertiser, Sidis won a |
settlement of $375. Sidis also sued F-R Publishing Corporation, the |
publisher of the New Yorker. Among his claims were a violation of his |
privacy rights under §§ 50-51 of the N.Y. Civil Rights Law.] |
CLARK, C.J. . . . It is not contended that any of the matter printed is |
untrue. Nor is the manner of the author unfriendly; Sidis today is described |
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